UNC-Chapel Hill Coronavirus Research // Carolina Digital Repository

Works (1035)

651. Animal Assisted Therapy: A Survey of Patient's and Caregivers' Perceptions in Orthodontics

Title Tesim:: Animal Assisted Therapy: A Survey of Patient's and Caregivers' Perceptions in Orthodontics
Creator:: Cass, Katelyn Danielle
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Dental anxiety affects up to 22% of children leading to lifelong dental and orthodontic avoidance. Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) is used to reduce anxiety and perception of pain in medical settings. To evaluate perceptions of canine AAT in dentistry, a cross-sectional survey (n=721) consisting of pre-tested and validated questions, was conducted of orthodontic patients (n=485) and caregivers (n=236), half randomized to the presence of a therapy dog. Data reveal an overwhelming majority of patients and caregivers expressed little to no concern regarding cleanliness (83%), allergies (81%) and safety (89%) with a therapy animal in a dental setting. All groups believe therapy animals make experiences in dental offices more enjoyable (75%) and reduce anxiety (82%). Interestingly, almost half would preferentially select an office offering AAT. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed if perceptions of AAT changed before and after the shutdown of dental offices, with no significant changes found. Across all cohorts, responses strongly support use of AAT in dentistry and suggest it could serve as both a practice builder and anxiety-management tool, with broad public support.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Orthodontics
Degree:: Master of Science
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: ee0f321a-8e42-4e06-953a-4f7542643b99
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/ebsf-ad39
Graduation Year:: 2021
Keyword:: Dentistry, Animal Assisted Therapy, Orthodontic Anxiety, Dental Anxiety, COVID, and Orthodontics
Language Label:: English
Person:: Jackson, Tate, Strauman, Timothy, Saemundsson, Siggi, Jacox, Laura , and Cass, Katelyn Danielle
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted

652. The Carolina Digital Repository During COVID-19: Responding to a Pandemic

Title Tesim:: The Carolina Digital Repository During COVID-19: Responding to a Pandemic
Creator:: Kati, Rebekah
Date of publication:: June 8, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified conversations about widespread open access to scholarly literature. Institutional repositories such as the Carolina Digital Repository (CDR) at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) can play a key part in the dissemination of scholarly research. Access to coronavirus research was particularly important for the CDR, as UNC-CH is one of the leading institutions in the world for coronavirus research. The pandemic also had local impacts to our work. In March 2020, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH) moved to online learning in response to rising coronavirus cases. Due to this change, many UNC-CH Libraries staff members and student workers needed work that could be done remotely. In this presentation, I will describe several projects which we undertook this year to increase access and dissemination of research, and to provide UNC Libraries staff with work which could be completed remotely and asynchronously. For each project, I will share the team’s successes, failures, lessons learned and plans for the future. I will also describe enhancements the team made to our Hyrax-based repository to facilitate the success of these projects.
Resource type:: Presentation
Conference Name:: Open Repositories 2021
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/2btt-rt57
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4914378
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 3.0 United States
ORCID:: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3497-8432
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Kati, Rebekah
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Subject:: Institutional repositories, COVID-19 (Disease), and Open access publishing

653. Effect of Bamlanivimab vs Placebo on Incidence of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff of Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living Facilities: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Title Tesim:: Effect of Bamlanivimab vs Placebo on Incidence of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff of Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living Facilities: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Creator:: Ramirez, Julio A., Thai, Christine, Cohen, Myron S., Sabo, Janelle, Mulligan, Mark J., Mayer, Stockton M., Yen, Catherine, Price, Karen L., Van Naarden, Jacob, Custer, Kenneth L., Sista, Nirupama, Dabora, Matan C., Novak, Richard M., Lipson, Brad, Knorr, Jack, Montague, Brian T., Schade, Andrew E., McCulloh, Russell J., Klekotka, Paul, Shen, Lei, Clement, Meredith E., Gomez Lorenzo, Margarita M., Stemer, Alexander, Wohl, David, Adams, Andrew C., Farrior, Jennifer, Chege, Wairimu, Fichtenbaum, Carl J., Brengle, Blair, Skovronsky, Daniel M., BLAZE-2 Investigators, Tuttle, Jay L., Frank, Ian, Marovich, Mary, Gabra, Nashwa, Brown, Elizabeth R., and Nirula, Ajay
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: IMPORTANCE Preventive interventions are needed to protect residents and staff of skilled nursing and assisted living facilities from COVID-19 during outbreaks in their facilities. Bamlanivimab, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2, may confer rapid protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of bamlanivimab on the incidence of COVID-19 among residents and staff of skilled nursing and assisted living facilities. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized, double-blind, single-dose, phase 3 trial that enrolled residents and staff of 74 skilled nursing and assisted living facilities in the United States with at least 1 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 index case. A total of 1175 participants enrolled in the study from August 2 to November 20, 2020. Database lock was triggered on January 13, 2021, when all participants reached study day 57. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to receive a single intravenous infusion of bamlanivimab, 4200mg (n = 588), or placebo (n = 587). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomewas incidence of COVID-19, defined as the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and mild or worse disease severity within 21 days of detection, within 8 weeks of randomization. Key secondary outcomes included incidence of moderate or worse COVID-19 severity and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. RESULTS The prevention population comprised a total of 966 participants (666 staff and 300 residents) who were negative at baseline for SARS-CoV-2 infection and serology (mean age, 53.0 [range, 18-104] years; 722 [74.7%] women). Bamlanivimab significantly reduced the incidence of COVID-19 in the prevention population compared with placebo (8.5%vs 15.2%; odds ratio, 0.43 [95%CI, 0.28-0.68]; P < .001; absolute risk difference, −6.6 [95%CI, −10.7 to −2.6] percentage points). Five deaths attributed to COVID-19 were reported by day 57; all occurred in the placebo group. Among 1175 participants who received study product (safety population), the rate of participants with adverse events was 20.1% in the bamlanivimab group and 18.9% in the placebo group. The most common adverse events were urinary tract infection (reported by 12 participants [2%] who received bamlanivimab and 14 [2.4%] who received placebo) and hypertension (reported by 7 participants [1.2%] who received bamlanivimab and 10 [1.7%] who received placebo). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among residents and staff in skilled nursing and assisted living facilities, treatment during August-November 2020 with bamlanivimab monotherapy reduced the incidence of COVID-19 infection. Further research is needed to assess preventive efficacy with current patterns of viral strains with combination monoclonal antibody therapy.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/cew2-rc27
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.8828
ISSN:: 0098-7484
Journal Title:: JAMA
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: University of Louisville School of Medicine, private practice, , Eli Lilly and Co, New York University, University of Illinois College of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, FHI 360, Florida Primary and Specialty Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Louisiana State University, Indiana University School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Brengle Family Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Burke Internal Medicine & Research, and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Person:: Ramirez, Julio A., Thai, Christine, Cohen, Myron S., Sabo, Janelle, Mulligan, Mark J., Mayer, Stockton M., Yen, Catherine, Price, Karen L., Van Naarden, Jacob, Custer, Kenneth L., Sista, Nirupama, Dabora, Matan C., Novak, Richard M., Lipson, Brad, Knorr, Jack, Montague, Brian T., Schade, Andrew E., McCulloh, Russell J., Klekotka, Paul, Shen, Lei, Clement, Meredith E., Gomez Lorenzo, Margarita M., Stemer, Alexander, Wohl, David, Adams, Andrew C., Farrior, Jennifer, Chege, Wairimu, Fichtenbaum, Carl J., Brengle, Blair, Skovronsky, Daniel M., BLAZE-2 Investigators, Tuttle, Jay L., Frank, Ian, Marovich, Mary, Gabra, Nashwa, Brown, Elizabeth R., and Nirula, Ajay
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: covid_articles_06-07-2021_24

654. Cross-reactive coronavirus antibodies with diverse epitope specificities and Fc effector functions

Title Tesim:: Cross-reactive coronavirus antibodies with diverse epitope specificities and Fc effector functions
Creator:: Ledgerwood, Julie E., Acharya, Priyamvada, Diamond, Michael S., Morris, Lynn, Wall, Steven, Parks, Robert, Holt, Clinton M., Wang, Nianshuang, Nargi, Rachel S., Wrapp, Daniel, Suryadevara, Naveenchandra, Friedman Fechter, Emilee, Sutton, Rachel E., Baric, Ralph S., Pilewski, Kelsey A., Crowe Jr., James E., Shiakolas, Andrea R., Janowska, Katarzyna, Graham, Barney S., Haynes, Barton F., Schäfer, Alexandra, Martinez, David R., Chen, Rita E., Kramer, Kevin J., Manamela, Nelia P., Georgiev, Ivelin S., Carnahan, Robert H., Richardson, Simone I., Venkat, Rohit, McLellan, Jason S., and Raju, Nagarajan
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: The continual emergence of novel coronavirus (CoV) strains, like SARS-CoV-2, highlights the critical need for broadly reactive therapeutics and vaccines against this family of viruses. From a recovered SARS-CoV donor sample, we identify and characterize a panel of six monoclonal antibodies that cross-react with CoV spike (S) proteins from the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and demonstrate a spectrum of reactivity against other CoV. Epitope mapping reveals that these antibodies recognize multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 S, including the receptor binding domain, N-terminal domain, and S2 subunit. Functional characterization demonstrates that the antibodies mediate phagocytosis - and in some cases trogocytosis - but not neutralization in vitro. When tested in vivo in murine models, two of the antibodies demonstrate a reduction in hemorrhagic pathology in the lungs. The identification of cross-reactive epitopes recognized by functional antibodies expands the repertoire of targets for pan-coronavirus vaccine design strategies.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/ndxv-tr46
Edition:: Postprint
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100313
Journal Title:: Cell Reports Medicine
Other Affiliation:: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, and The University of Texas at Austin
Person:: Ledgerwood, Julie E., Acharya, Priyamvada, Diamond, Michael S., Morris, Lynn, Wall, Steven, Parks, Robert, Holt, Clinton M., Wang, Nianshuang, Nargi, Rachel S., Wrapp, Daniel, Suryadevara, Naveenchandra, Friedman Fechter, Emilee, Sutton, Rachel E., Baric, Ralph S., Pilewski, Kelsey A., Crowe Jr., James E., Shiakolas, Andrea R., Janowska, Katarzyna, Graham, Barney S., Haynes, Barton F., Schäfer, Alexandra, Martinez, David R., Chen, Rita E., Kramer, Kevin J., Manamela, Nelia P., Georgiev, Ivelin S., Carnahan, Robert H., Richardson, Simone I., Venkat, Rohit, McLellan, Jason S., and Raju, Nagarajan
Publisher:: Elsevier
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: covid_articles_06-07-2021_23

655. Routine surveillance of asymptomatic healthcare personnel for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Not a prevention strategy

Title Tesim:: Routine surveillance of asymptomatic healthcare personnel for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Not a prevention strategy
Creator:: Weber, D.J. and Shenoy, E.S.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: "As capacity for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostics has expanded, both with assay types (nucleic acid amplification tests, NAATs, antigen tests, and serology) and specimen collection options (nasopharyngeal, NP; oropharyngeal, OP; saliva; mid-turbinate, MT; anterior nares, AN), interest in the use of routine, serial screening of asymptomatic individuals in a variety of settings has expanded. Notably, the use of asymptomatic surveillance in higher education and professional and nonprofessional athletics has become commonplace, but transmission in these settings has also been linked to lapses in implementation of basic infection prevention practices such as masking and physical distancing. Given the considerable interest in asymptomatic surveillance in areas outside of healthcare, the question of the utility of routine screening among healthcare personnel (HCP) in acute-care facilities has been raised. In this focused review, we describe the reported risk of acquisition of infection after HCP exposures to occultly infected patients, the risk acquisition of infection by patients exposed to occultly infected HCP, and the prevalence of asymptomatic infection among HCP in settings where screening has been implemented. We also assess the potential role or routine surveillance of asymptomatic HCP to reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission from HCP-to-HCP and HCP-to-patient. We report on the early experience of acute-care facilities that have offered screening of asymptomatic HCP outside confirmed exposures, and we conclude with considerations for facilities considering offering screening, either “on demand” or as part of routine surveillance."
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Division of Infectious Diseases
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/easd-0022
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.1428
ISSN:: 0899-823X
Journal Issue:: 5
Journal Title:: Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
Journal Volume:: 42
License Label:: Attribution- 3.0 United States
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: and Massachusetts General Hospital
Page End:: 597
Page Start:: 592
Person:: Weber, D.J. and Shenoy, E.S.
Publisher:: Cambridge University Press
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: covid_articles_06-07-2021_21

656. Association of Simulated COVID-19 Vaccination and Nonpharmaceutical Interventions With Infections, Hospitalizations, and Mortality

Title Tesim:: Association of Simulated COVID-19 Vaccination and Nonpharmaceutical Interventions With Infections, Hospitalizations, and Mortality
Creator:: Rosenstrom, Erik, Delamater, Paul L., Mayorga, Maria E., Hassmiller Lich, Kristen, Boyce, Ross M., Swann, Julie L., Patel, Mehul D., Keskinocak, Pinar, Smith, Raymond L., Johnson, Karl T., and Ivy, Julie S.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: IMPORTANCE Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to significantly reduce transmission and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The relative importance of vaccination strategies and nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of simulated COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and coverage scenarios with and without NPIs with infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS An established agent-based decision analytical model was used to simulate COVID-19 transmission and progression from March 24, 2020, to September 23, 2021. The model simulated COVID-19 spread in North Carolina, a US state of 10.5 million people. A network of 1 017 720 agents was constructed from US Census data to represent the statewide population. EXPOSURES Scenarios of vaccine efficacy (50% and 90%), vaccine coverage (25%, 50%, and 75% at the end of a 6-month distribution period), and NPIs (reduced mobility, school closings, and use of face masks) maintained and removed during vaccine distribution. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Risks of infection from the start of vaccine distribution and risk differences comparing scenarios. Outcome means and SDs were calculated across replications. RESULTS In the worst-case vaccination scenario (50% efficacy, 25%coverage), a mean (SD) of 2 231 134 (117 867) new infections occurred after vaccination began with NPIs removed, and a mean (SD) of 799 949 (60 279) new infections occurred with NPIs maintained during 11 months. In contrast, in the best-case scenario (90% efficacy, 75%coverage), a mean (SD) of 527 409 (40 637) new infections occurred with NPIs removed and a mean (SD) of 450 575 (32 716) new infections occurred with NPIs maintained. With NPIs removed, lower efficacy (50%) and higher coverage (75%) reduced infection risk by a greater magnitude than higher efficacy (90%) and lower coverage (25%) compared with theworst-case scenario (mean [SD] absolute risk reduction, 13%[1%] and 8%[1%], respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Simulation outcomes suggest that removing NPIs while vaccines are distributed may result in substantial increases in infections, hospitalizations, and deaths. Furthermore, as NPIs are removed, higher vaccination coverage with less efficacious vaccines can contribute to a larger reduction in risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with more efficacious vaccines at lower coverage. These findings highlight the need for well-resourced and coordinated efforts to achieve high vaccine coverage and continued adherence to NPIs before many prepandemic activities can be resumed.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Health Policy and Management, Division of Infectious Diseases, and Department of Emergency Medicine
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/jd7x-ab91
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.10782
ISSN:: 2574-3805
Journal Title:: JAMA Network Open
License Label:: Attribution- 3.0 United States
Other Affiliation:: North Carolina State University, Department ofGeography, Georgia Institute of Technology, and East Carolina University
Person:: Rosenstrom, Erik, Delamater, Paul L., Mayorga, Maria E., Hassmiller Lich, Kristen, Boyce, Ross M., Swann, Julie L., Patel, Mehul D., Keskinocak, Pinar, Smith, Raymond L., Johnson, Karl T., and Ivy, Julie S.
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: covid_articles_06-07-2021_20

657. Hypergraph models of biological networks to identify genes critical to pathogenic viral response

Title Tesim:: Hypergraph models of biological networks to identify genes critical to pathogenic viral response
Creator:: Tan, Qing, Kawaoka, Yoshihiro, Diamond, Michael S., Fan, Shufang, Eisfeld, Amie J., Thackray, Larissa B., Kocher, Jacob F., Baric, Ralph S., Walters, Kevin B., Cockrell, Adam S., Feng, Song, Menachery, Vineet D., Heath, Emily, Kvinge, Henry, Jefferson, Brett, Sheahan, Timothy P., Purvine, Emilie, Halfmann, Peter J., Waters, Katrina M., Heller, Natalie C., Praggastis, Brenda, Mitchell, Hugh D., Bramer, Lisa M., Stratton, Kelly G., Sims, Amy C., McDermott, Jason E., Westhoff‑Smith, Danielle, and Joslyn, Cliff
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Background: Representing biological networks as graphs is a powerful approach to reveal underlying patterns, signatures, and critical components from high-throughput biomolecular data. However, graphs do not natively capture the multi-way relationships present among genes and proteins in biological systems. Hypergraphs are generalizations of graphs that naturally model multi-way relationships and have shown promise in modeling systems such as protein complexes and metabolic reactions. In this paper we seek to understand how hypergraphs can more faithfully identify, and potentially predict, important genes based on complex relationships inferred from genomic expression data sets. Results: We compiled a novel data set of transcriptional host response to pathogenic viral infections and formulated relationships between genes as a hypergraph where hyperedges represent significantly perturbed genes, and vertices represent individual biological samples with specific experimental conditions. We find that hypergraph betweenness centrality is a superior method for identification of genes important to viral response when compared with graph centrality. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the utility of using hypergraphs to represent complex biological systems and highlight central important responses in common to a variety of highly pathogenic viruses.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/zf7v-5e55
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12859-021-04197-2
Journal Title:: BMC Bioinformatics
License Label:: Attribution- 3.0 United States
Other Affiliation:: Washington University School of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, KNOWBIO LLC., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and University of Illinois, Urbana‑Champaign
Person:: Tan, Qing, Kawaoka, Yoshihiro, Diamond, Michael S., Fan, Shufang, Eisfeld, Amie J., Thackray, Larissa B., Kocher, Jacob F., Baric, Ralph S., Walters, Kevin B., Cockrell, Adam S., Feng, Song, Menachery, Vineet D., Heath, Emily, Kvinge, Henry, Jefferson, Brett, Sheahan, Timothy P., Purvine, Emilie, Halfmann, Peter J., Waters, Katrina M., Heller, Natalie C., Praggastis, Brenda, Mitchell, Hugh D., Bramer, Lisa M., Stratton, Kelly G., Sims, Amy C., McDermott, Jason E., Westhoff‑Smith, Danielle, and Joslyn, Cliff
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: covid_articles_06-07-2021_19

658. Outpatient Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Prevent COVID-19 Progression

Title Tesim:: Outpatient Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Prevent COVID-19 Progression
Creator:: Eron, Joseph J, Fischer, William A, II, Cohen, Myron S, Smith, David J, and Wohl, David A
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: As of March 2021, COVID-19 has caused more than 123 million infections, and almost 3 million deaths worldwide. Dramatic advances have been made in vaccine development and non-pharmaceutical interventions to stop the spread of infection. But treatments to stop the progression of disease are limited. A wide variety of "repurposed" drugs explored for treatment of COVID-19 have had little or no benefit. More recently, intravenous monoclonal antibody (mAb) combinations have been authorized by the US FDA for emergency use (EUA) for outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 including some active against emerging SARS-COV-2 variants of concern (VOC). Easier to administer therapeutics including intramuscular and subcutaneous mAbs and oral antivirals are in clinical trials. Reliable, safe, effective COVID-19 treatment for early infection in the outpatient setting is of urgent and critical importance. Availability of such treatment should lead to reduced progression of COVID-19.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: School of Medicine
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/gqt1-1a23
Edition:: Postprint
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab494
ISSN:: 1058-4838
Journal Title:: Clinical Infectious Diseases
Keyword:: antivirals, COVID-19, outpatients, and monoclonal antibodies
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: and University of California San Diego
Person:: Eron, Joseph J, Fischer, William A, II, Cohen, Myron S, Smith, David J, and Wohl, David A
Publisher:: Oxford University Press
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: covid_articles_06-07-2021_18

659. Re-engineering The Clinical Research Enterprise in Response to COVID-19: The Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) experience and proposed playbook for future pandemics

Title Tesim:: Re-engineering The Clinical Research Enterprise in Response to COVID-19: The Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) experience and proposed playbook for future pandemics
Creator:: Coller, Barry S., Kimberly, Robert P., Powderly, William G., Buse, John B., and Zand, Martin S.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the clinical research enterprises at the 60 Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Hubs throughout the nation. There was simultaneously a need to expand research to obtain crucial data about disease prognosis and therapy and enormous limitations on conducting research as localities and institutions limited travel and person-to-person contact. These imperatives resulted in major changes in the way research was conducted, including expediting Institutional Review Board review, shifting to remote interactions with participants, centralizing decision-making in prioritizing research protocols, establishing biobanks, adopting novel informatics platforms, and distributing study drugs in unconventional ways. National CTSA Steering Committee meetings provided an opportunity to share best practices and develop the idea of capturing the CTSA program experiences in a series of papers. Here we bring together the recommendations from those papers in a list of specific actions that research sites can take to strengthen operations and prepare for similar future public health emergencies. Most importantly, creative innovations developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic deserve serious consideration for adoption as new standards, thus converting the painful trauma of the pandemic into “post-traumatic growth” that makes the clinical research enterprise stronger, more resilient, and more effective.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Medicine
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/2vks-8682
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.10
ISSN:: 2059-8661
Journal Issue:: 1
Journal Title:: Journal of Clinical and Translational Science
Journal Volume:: 5
Keyword:: pandemic, CTSA, translational research, COVID-19, and clinical research
License Label:: Attribution- 3.0 United States
Other Affiliation:: Rockefeller University, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Washington University in St. Louis, and University of Rochester Medical Center
Person:: Coller, Barry S., Kimberly, Robert P., Powderly, William G., Buse, John B., and Zand, Martin S.
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: covid_articles_06-07-2021_17

660. Comparative outcomes between COVID-19 and influenza patients placed on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe ARDS

Title Tesim:: Comparative outcomes between COVID-19 and influenza patients placed on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe ARDS
Creator:: Raff, Evan J., Gallaher, Jared R., Raff, Lauren A., Charles, Anthony G., Johnson, Daniel, Schneider, Andrew B., and Reid, Trista D.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Background ECMO is an established supportive adjunct for patients with severe, refractory ARDS from viral pneumonia. However, the exact role and timing of ECMO for COVID-19 patients remains unclear. Methods We conducted a retrospective comparison of the first 32 patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS to the last 28 patients with influenza-associated ARDS placed on V-V ECMO. We compared patient factors between the two cohorts and used survival analysis to compare the hazard of mortality over sixty days post-cannulation.Results COVID-19 patients were older (mean 47.8 vs. 41.2 years, p = 0.033), had more ventilator days before cannulation (mean 4.5 vs. 1.5 days, p < 0.001). Crude in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the COVID-19 cohort at 65.6% (n = 21/32) versus 36.3% (n = 11/28, p = 0.041). The adjusted hazard ratio over sixty days for COVID-19 patients was 2.81 (95% CI 1.07, 7.35) after adjusting for age, race, ECMO-associated organ failure, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Conclusion ECMO has a role in severe ARDS associated with COVID-19 but providers should carefully weigh patient factors when utilizing this scarce resource in favor of influenza pneumonia.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Surgery
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/xbqg-ff52
Edition:: Postprint
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.04.004
ISSN:: 0002-9610, 1879-1883
Journal Title:: The American Journal of Surgery
Keyword:: COVID-19, ECMO, influenza, and critical care
Person:: Raff, Evan J., Gallaher, Jared R., Raff, Lauren A., Charles, Anthony G., Johnson, Daniel, Schneider, Andrew B., and Reid, Trista D.
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: covid_articles_06-07-2021_16

« Previous
Next »
1
2
…
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
…
103
104