UNC-Chapel Hill Coronavirus Research // Carolina Digital Repository

Works (1024)

681. Health During COVID-19: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare Access and Resources Through Provider Perspectives

Title Tesim:: Health During COVID-19: Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare Access and Resources Through Provider Perspectives
Creator:: Dev, Kristina
Date of publication:: May 4, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted various social inequalities, including racial health disparities. People of color in the United States are diagnosed with and die from the coronavirus at higher rates than White individuals, and face additional barriers in accessing treatment and other forms of healthcare. Factors that place people of color at a higher risk for the coronavirus are widespread and systemic, and lead to the poorer coronavirus outcomes seen within communities of color. This study reveals how people of color are navigating the COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of community social workers and healthcare workers in providing access to health-determining resources and healthcare. Interviews with social workers and healthcare providers answer how barriers to healthcare are navigated during the pandemic, what the challenges of serving these populations are, and how cultural and language differences are overcome to improve access to healthcare resources and treatment. Additional interview topics include how undocumented and uninsured individuals are accessing coronavirus testing and treatment, and how adequate and appropriate care is ensured for these individuals. This study exhibits the importance of access to healthcare in shaping disease outcomes, and the relationship between systemic racism and public health. Understanding of these factors provides insight to how the needs of communities of color can be better addressed, and what steps must be taken to address health disparities.
Resource type:: Honors Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Anthropology
Degree:: Bachelor of Arts
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/rff7-8m81
Graduation Year:: 2021
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Thompson, Amanda and Dev, Kristina
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

682. COVID-19 School Closures and the Distribution of Federal Free/Reduced Price Meals: A Comparative Analysis of Two High-Resource School Districts

Title Tesim:: COVID-19 School Closures and the Distribution of Federal Free/Reduced Price Meals: A Comparative Analysis of Two High-Resource School Districts
Creator:: Tierney, Savannah
Date of publication:: May 4, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: The thesis question is: "How did two 'high resource' school districts respond to federal free and reduced-price meal distribution during COVID-19 school closures?" This thesis explores how COVID-19 has impacted children's access to school provided, free and reduced-price meals during school closures. In comparing two high-resource school districts, we can analyze the differences in resource utilization at the district-level between two districts with similar amount of resources/funding and aim to understand how these districts differ in emergency meal provision strategies from an equity standpoint.
Resource type:: Honors Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Public Policy
Degree:: Bachelor of Arts
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/7mkj-n142
Graduation Year:: 2021
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Gitterman, Daniel and Tierney, Savannah
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

683. COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Hemodialysis Patients

Title Tesim:: COVID-19 Pandemic Effects on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress of Hemodialysis Patients
Creator:: Palmiter, Emily
Date of publication:: April 29, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Hemodialysis patients are disproportionally at risk for depression and anxiety due to changes in functional status and financial and practical concerns. More recently in the year 2020, the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) brought many behavioral and lifestyle changes related to quarantine policies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in depression, anxiety, and stress among hemodialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This retrospective cohort study recruited 13 participants, ranging from age 18 to 60. Paper surveys were distributed to patients during treatment within an inpatient dialysis unit. This study used a modified version of the DASS-21 scale for depression, anxiety, and stress “before” the pandemic, as well as “during” the pandemic. A majority of participants’ final scores for depression and anxiety remained unchanged across the two time periods (53.8% and 69.2%, respectively). Of those participants, 53.8% demonstrated an increase in final stress scores with the emergence of the pandemic. Findings suggest that increases in stress among hemodialysis patients may be related to variables of the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to personal risks and vulnerabilities, managing end stage renal disease and facing a global disease may explain the sample’s stress scores. Caregivers and healthcare providers should routinely assess hemodialysis patients’ cognitive, behavioral and emotional wellbeing. Further evaluation of exacerbating factors is needed to explore the overall effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among the population.
Resource type:: Honors Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: School of Nursing
Degree:: Bachelor of Science
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/06z8-9h35
Graduation Year:: 2021
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Bury, Michael and Palmiter, Emily
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

684. Optimal control of an epidemic model with inclusion of game theory in vaccination

Title Tesim:: Optimal control of an epidemic model with inclusion of game theory in vaccination
Creator:: Wang, Wenzhong
Date of publication:: May 4, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: An SIR epidemic model is expanded to include a game theory characterization of changes in human vaccination acceptance. Using the vaccination capacity as a control, we apply optimal control theory to the model and minimize the infected population and social cost simultaneously. We conduct numerical simulations and analyze different scenarios to control COVID-19. Numerical results suggest that the scenario with an optimal control on vaccination capacity may offer a feasible approach for eliminating the epidemic with minimal cost and time. We give a specific vaccination plan based on the optimal control scenario.
Resource type:: Honors Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Mathematics
Degree:: Bachelor of Science
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/bvvr-cz77
Graduation Year:: 2021
Language Label:: English
License Label:: All rights reserved
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Jones, Christopher and Wang, Wenzhong
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

685. A Bibliometric Analysis of Ethics Considerations Regarding COVID-19 Resource Allocation

Title Tesim:: A Bibliometric Analysis of Ethics Considerations Regarding COVID-19 Resource Allocation
Creator:: Gefei Yang
Date of publication:: May 3, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: The present study aims to adopt the bibliometric method to disclose the research activities and outcomes of ethical studies derived from COVID-19 resource allocation. The major journal sources and the research productivities of countries and organizations are identified; research collaborations are visualized by co-authorship networks. Research landscape is disclosed through co-occurrence network of key topic terms from the included publications.
Resource type:: Masters Paper
Affiliation Label Tesim:: School of Information and Library Science
Degree:: Master of Science in Information Science
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/5vxj-th13
Graduation Year:: 2021
Keyword:: Bibliometrics, Ethics, COVID-19, and Resource Allocation
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Fei Yu and Gefei Yang
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Subject:: COVID-19 (Disease), Bibliometrics, Ethics, and Resource allocation

686. Adaptation of the Rao-Wu rescaling bootstrap for seroprevalence estimation in complex survey studies

Title Tesim:: Adaptation of the Rao-Wu rescaling bootstrap for seroprevalence estimation in complex survey studies
Creator:: Vias, Nishma P
Date of publication:: April 15, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted a need for accurate seroprevalence estimators in order to monitor virus transmission and mortality rates. Furthermore, seroprevalence data is used to inform public health policy. Adjustments for diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity in seroprevalence estimation are complicated by concerns regarding proper confidence interval (CI) coverage and width given that the proportion of a population considered seropositive may be relatively small. As such, these methods are not widely implemented at present, particularly for complex survey studies. This paper presents a two-stage, non-parametric bootstrap method, adapted from the Rao-Wu rescaling bootstrap, for adjusted CI construction. Simulation of a stratified, multi-stage cluster sample was conducted to assess the performance of the proposed method as measured by empirical bias, 95% CI coverage, and CI width. Across 500 simulations, the mean empirical bias was 0.0008 (range, -0.0411–0.0348), the CI empirical coverage was 95.6%, and CI width was 0.0487. Further application of the proposed method to preliminary study data from a Chatham County, North Carolina seroprevalence study demonstrated directionally appropriate adjustments for the diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity. The proposed method, paired with the Rogan-Gladen estimator for true prevalence, will allow for sensitivity-specificity adjusted seroprevalence estimation in complex survey designs while minimizing the CI width and coverage issues that are common for small proportions.
Resource type:: Honors Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Biostatistics
Degree:: Bachelor of Science in Public Health
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/rf46-q306
Graduation Year:: 2021
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Shook-Sa, Bonnie E and Vias, Nishma P
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

687. Food Insufficiency During COVID-19: How Unemployment Insurance Mitigates the Effect of Job Loss

Title Tesim:: Food Insufficiency During COVID-19: How Unemployment Insurance Mitigates the Effect of Job Loss
Creator:: Baker, Katie
Date of publication:: April 20, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: We examine the determinants of the food insufficiency rise during the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. We then examine the degree to which unemployment insurance benefits mitigate the effect of job loss on food insufficiency and quantify the impact of a $600 reduction in maximum weekly unemployment insurance benefits. We utilize novel Household Pulse Survey data to estimate linear fixed-effect regressions and difference-in-differences models. We find that households reporting pandemic-induced job loss have a 4.3 percentage point increase in food insufficiency risk relative to those working, and the gap grows to 6.1 percentage points in the absence of unemployment insurance. While food insufficiency rates decrease by 2 percentage points for unemployment insurance beneficiaries under the $600 weekly expansion, this effect disappears after the additional benefits expire.
Resource type:: Honors Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Economics
Degree:: Bachelor of Science
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/7wcb-bk08
Graduation Year:: 2021
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Peter, Klara and Baker, Katie
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

688. COMPARISON OF LEFT-WING AND RIGHT-WING MEDIA COVERAGE ON CORONAVIURS IN EARLY 2020

Title Tesim:: COMPARISON OF LEFT-WING AND RIGHT-WING MEDIA COVERAGE ON CORONAVIURS IN EARLY 2020
Creator:: Zhao, Haocheng
Date of publication:: May 3, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: The study focuses on how different media stations framed coronavirus from 21st January – 30th April 2020 along three topic areas: risk, mitigation, and blame. In this paper, I choose ABC News and Fox News representing left-wing and right-wing media respectively and adopt content analysis to extract information from news coverages. While both stations recommended the same preventative measures and mirrored CDC guidelines, risk and blame were very different depending on if the coverage came from ABC or Fox News.
Resource type:: Masters Paper
Affiliation Label Tesim:: School of Information and Library Science
Degree:: Master of Science in Information Science
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/w51d-wq23
Graduation Year:: 2021
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Tripodi, Francesca and Zhao, Haocheng
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Subject:: Coronavirus, Media framing, and Media polarization

689. The impact of vedolizumab on COVID-19 outcomes among adult IBD patients in the SECURE-IBD registry

Title Tesim:: The impact of vedolizumab on COVID-19 outcomes among adult IBD patients in the SECURE-IBD registry
Creator:: Kappelman, Michael D., Brenner, Erica J., Colombel, Jean-Frederic, Ungaro, Ryan C., Agrawal, Manasi, and Zhang, Xian
Date of publication:: April 22, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Introduction The impact of immune-modifying therapies on outcomes of Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is variable. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of vedolizumab (VDZ), a gut-selective anti-integrin, on COVID-19 outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods Using data from the Surveillance of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for IBD (SECURE-IBD), an international registry of IBD patients with confirmed COVID-19, we studied the impact of VDZ on COVID-19 hospitalization and severe COVID-19 (intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation and/or death). Results Of 3,647 adult patients on any IBD medication in the registry, 457 (12.5%) patients were on VDZ. On multivariable analyses using backward selection of covariates, VDZ use was not associated with hospitalization or severe COVID-19 when comparing to patients on all other medications [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71, 1.1 and aOR 0.95; 95% CI 0.53; 1.73, respectively]. On comparing VDZ monotherapy to anti-TNF monotherapy, the odds for hospitalization, but not severe COVID-19, were higher (aOR CI 1.39; 95% CI 1.001, 1.90 and aOR 2.92; 95% CI 0.98, 8.71, respectively). In an exploratory analysis, VDZ monotherapy, compared to anti-TNF monotherapy, was associated with new-onset GI symptoms at the time of COVID-19, especially among patients whose IBD was in remission. Conclusions COVID-19 outcomes among IBD patients on VDZ are comparable to those on all other therapies. Hospitalization, but not severe COVID-19, is more likely with VDZ monotherapy than with anti-TNF monotherapy. Overall, VDZ appears to be safe in IBD patients with COVID-19.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Pediatrics
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/svtt-eh21
Edition:: Postprint
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab071
Journal Title:: Journal of Crohn's and Colitis
Keyword:: Crohn’s disease, Coronavirus disease 2019, inflammatory bowel disease, vedolizumab, outcomes, and ulcerative colitis
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Person:: Kappelman, Michael D., Brenner, Erica J., Colombel, Jean-Frederic, Ungaro, Ryan C., Agrawal, Manasi, and Zhang, Xian
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

690. Fitted Filtration Efficiency of Double Masking During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Title Tesim:: Fitted Filtration Efficiency of Double Masking During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creator:: Sickbert-Bennett, Emily E., Chen, Hao, Tong, Haiyan, Samet, James M., Bennett, William D., Prince, Steven E., and Zeman, Kirby L.
Date of publication:: April 16, 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Although global vaccination efforts against SARS-CoV-2 are underway, the public is urged to continue using face masks as a primary intervention to control transmission. Recently, US public health officials have also encouraged doubling masks as a strategy to counter elevated transmission associated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 variants. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigators reported that doubling masks increased effectiveness, but their assessment was limited in type and combinations of masks tested, as well as by the use of head forms rather than humans. To address these limitations, this study compared the fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of commonly available masks worn singly, doubled, or in combinations.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: UNC Medical Center and Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/pzrf-tx29
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.2033
Journal Title:: JAMA Internal Medicine
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: , Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, and US Environmental Protection Agency
Person:: Sickbert-Bennett, Emily E., Chen, Hao, Tong, Haiyan, Samet, James M., Bennett, William D., Prince, Steven E., and Zeman, Kirby L.
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

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