UNC-Chapel Hill Coronavirus Research
User Collection Public
A collection of articles and student papers related to coronaviruses that have been authored by researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Works (1035)
71. HPV vaccination in Africa in the COVID-19 era: a cross-sectional survey of healthcare providers’ knowledge, training, and recommendation practices
- Title Tesim:
- HPV vaccination in Africa in the COVID-19 era: a cross-sectional survey of healthcare providers’ knowledge, training, and recommendation practices
- Creator:
- Fokom Domgue, Joel, Gnangnon, Freddy, Pande, Mala, Plante, Marie, Fazazi, Hicham El, Yu, Robert, Dille, Issimouha, Mbatani, Nomonde, Shete, Sanjay, Lecuru, Fabrice, Adewole, Isaac, Chinula, Lameck, Kapambwe, Sharon, Diomande, Mohenou Isidore, Tebeu, Pierre-Marie, Sidibe, Fatoumata, Diop, Mamadou, Kamgno, Joseph, Basu, Partha, Traore, Bangaly, Murenzi, Gad, and Dangou, Jean-Marie
- Date of publication:
- 2024
- Abstract Tesim:
- Introduction Although the burden of cervical cancer in Africa is highest, HPV vaccination coverage remains alarmingly low in this region. Providers’ knowledge and recommendation are key drivers of HPV vaccination uptake. Yet, evidence about providers’ knowledge and recommendation practices about the HPV vaccine against a backdrop of emerging vaccine hesitancy fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic is lacking in Africa. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021–2022 among healthcare providers involved in cervical cancer prevention activities in Africa. They were invited to report prior training, the availability of the HPV vaccine in their practice, whether they recommended the HPV vaccine, and, if not, the reasons for not recommending it. Their knowledge about the HPV vaccine was assessed through self-reporting (perceived knowledge) and with three pre-tested knowledge questions (measured knowledge). Results Of the 153 providers from 23 African countries who responded to the survey (mean age: 38.5 years, SD: 10.1), 75 (54.0%) were female and 97 (63.4%) were based In countries with national HPV immunization programs. Overall, 57 (43.8%) reported having received prior training on HPV vaccine education/counseling, and 40 (37.4%) indicated that the HPV vaccine was available at the facility where they work. Most respondents (109, 83.2%) reported recommending the HPV vaccine in their practice. Vaccine unavailability (57.1%), lack of effective communication tools and informational material (28.6%), and need for adequate training (28.6%) were the most commonly reported reasons for not recommending the HPV vaccine. While 63 providers (52.9%) reported that their knowledge about HPV vaccination was adequate for their practice, only 9.9% responded correctly to the 3 knowledge questions. Conclusion To increase HPV vaccination coverage and counter misinformation about this vaccine in Africa, adequate training of providers and culturally appropriate educational materials are needed to improve their knowledge of the HPV vaccine and to facilitate effective communication with their patients and the community.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/bycc-br13
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1343064
- ISSN:
- 2296-2565
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Public Health
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- HPV-related disease, cervical cancer, vaccine recommendation, HPV vaccination, cancer control, healthcare providers, vaccine hesitancy, and HPV
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Abomey-Calavi, Laval University, Mohammed V University, World Health Organization Regional Office for Africa, University of Cape Town, Institut Curie, University of Ibadan, , University Teaching Hospital of Cocody, University of Yaounde, University of Bamako, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, International Agency for Research on Cancer, University Gamal Abdel Nasser of Conakry, and Rwanda Military Hospital
- Person:
- Fokom Domgue, Joel, Gnangnon, Freddy, Pande, Mala, Plante, Marie, Fazazi, Hicham El, Yu, Robert, Dille, Issimouha, Mbatani, Nomonde, Shete, Sanjay, Lecuru, Fabrice, Adewole, Isaac, Chinula, Lameck, Kapambwe, Sharon, Diomande, Mohenou Isidore, Tebeu, Pierre-Marie, Sidibe, Fatoumata, Diop, Mamadou, Kamgno, Joseph, Basu, Partha, Traore, Bangaly, Murenzi, Gad, and Dangou, Jean-Marie
- Publisher:
- Frontiers Media SA
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 2de74a40-b4e0-4564-a296-dedaef639c6c
72. Human coronavirus OC43-elicited CD4+ T cells protect against SARS-CoV-2 in HLA transgenic mice
- Title Tesim:
- Human coronavirus OC43-elicited CD4+ T cells protect against SARS-CoV-2 in HLA transgenic mice
- Creator:
- Shafee, Norazizah, Shresta, Sujan, Valentine, Kristen, Pinto, Paolla Beatriz Almeida, Dobaczewska, Katarzyna, Laffey, Brett, Baric, Ralph S., Ollmann Saphire, Erica, Gonzalez, Andrew, Miller, Robyn, Timis, Julia, Mikulski, Zbigniew, McArdle, Sara, Olmedillas, Eduardo, Dos Santos Alves, Rúbens Prince, Regla-Nava, Jose Angel, Elong Ngono, Annie, Landeras-Bueno, Sara, Kim, Kenneth, Nguyen, Michael N., Maule, Erin, and Leist, Sarah R.
- Date of publication:
- 2024
- Abstract Tesim:
- SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells are detected in some healthy unexposed individuals. Human studies indicate these T cells could be elicited by the common cold coronavirus OC43. To directly test this assumption and define the role of OC43-elicited T cells that are cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2, we develop a model of sequential infections with OC43 followed by SARS-CoV-2 in HLA-B*0702 and HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice. We find that OC43 infection can elicit polyfunctional CD8+ and CD4+ effector T cells that cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 peptides. Furthermore, pre-exposure to OC43 reduces subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in the lung for a short-term in HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice, and a longer-term in HLA-B*0702 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice. Depletion of CD4+ T cells in HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice with prior OC43 exposure results in increased viral burden in the lung but no change in virus-induced lung damage following infection with SARS-CoV-2 (versus CD4+ T cell-sufficient mice), demonstrating that the OC43-elicited SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cell-mediated cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 is partially dependent on CD4+ T cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of the origin of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells and their effects on SARS-CoV-2 clinical outcomes, and also carry implications for development of broadly protective betacoronavirus vaccines.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Epidemiology
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/k2ec-st02
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45043-2
- ISSN:
- 2041-1723
- Journal Issue:
- 1
- Journal Title:
- Nature Communications
- Journal Volume:
- 15
- Keyword:
- Mice, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Humans, Coronavirus OC43, Human, Animals, HLA-DRB1 Chains, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and Mice, Transgenic
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology and
- Page Start:
- 787
- Person:
- Shafee, Norazizah, Shresta, Sujan, Valentine, Kristen, Pinto, Paolla Beatriz Almeida, Dobaczewska, Katarzyna, Laffey, Brett, Baric, Ralph S., Ollmann Saphire, Erica, Gonzalez, Andrew, Miller, Robyn, Timis, Julia, Mikulski, Zbigniew, McArdle, Sara, Olmedillas, Eduardo, Dos Santos Alves, Rúbens Prince, Regla-Nava, Jose Angel, Elong Ngono, Annie, Landeras-Bueno, Sara, Kim, Kenneth, Nguyen, Michael N., Maule, Erin, and Leist, Sarah R.
- Publisher:
- Springer Nature
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 656b3d92-9ae2-43a3-be6b-f78ccd8d6aa7
73. Host Genetic Variation Impacts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population
- Title Tesim:
- Host Genetic Variation Impacts SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in the Diversity Outbred Mouse Population
- Creator:
- Dillard, Jacob A., Taft-Benz, Sharon, Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Fernando, Hock, Pablo, Madden, Emily A., Ferris, Martin T., Hampton, Brea K., Cruz Cisneros, Marta C., Parotti, Breantié, Anderson, Elizabeth J., Bell, Timothy A., Sarkar, Sanjay, Baric, Ralph S., Heise, Mark T., West, Ande, Dinnon, Kenneth H., Baxter, Victoria K., Leist, Sarah R., Shaw, Ginger D., and Blanchard, Matthew
- Date of publication:
- 2024
- Abstract Tesim:
- The COVID-19 pandemic led to the rapid and worldwide development of highly effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. However, there is significant individual-to-individual variation in vaccine efficacy due to factors including viral variants, host age, immune status, environmental and host genetic factors. Understanding those determinants driving this variation may inform the development of more broadly protective vaccine strategies. While host genetic factors are known to impact vaccine efficacy for respiratory pathogens such as influenza and tuberculosis, the impact of host genetic variation on vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 is not well understood. To model the impact of host genetic variation on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy, while controlling for the impact of non-genetic factors, we used the Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse model. We found that DO mice immunized against SARS-CoV-2 exhibited high levels of variation in vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody responses. While the majority of the vaccinated mice were protected from virus-induced disease, similar to human populations, we observed vaccine breakthrough in a subset of mice. Importantly, we found that this variation in neutralizing antibody, virus-induced disease, and viral titer is heritable, indicating that the DO serves as a useful model system for studying the contribution of genetic variation of both vaccines and disease outcomes.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/33ab-w788
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12010103
- ISSN:
- 2076-393X
- Journal Issue:
- 1
- Journal Title:
- Vaccines
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Diversity Outbred, SARS-CoV-2, host genetic diversity, and vaccination
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Page Start:
- 103
- Person:
- Dillard, Jacob A., Taft-Benz, Sharon, Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Fernando, Hock, Pablo, Madden, Emily A., Ferris, Martin T., Hampton, Brea K., Cruz Cisneros, Marta C., Parotti, Breantié, Anderson, Elizabeth J., Bell, Timothy A., Sarkar, Sanjay, Baric, Ralph S., Heise, Mark T., West, Ande, Dinnon, Kenneth H., Baxter, Victoria K., Leist, Sarah R., Shaw, Ginger D., and Blanchard, Matthew
- Publisher:
- MDPI
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 97b0ab36-2328-4a95-a2b1-b30ab81a4e28
74. Federally Qualified Health Centers Use of Telehealth to Deliver Integrated Behavioral Health Care During COVID-19
- Title Tesim:
- Federally Qualified Health Centers Use of Telehealth to Deliver Integrated Behavioral Health Care During COVID-19
- Creator:
- Greeno C., Lombardi B.M., and de Saxe Zerden L.
- Date of publication:
- 2024
- Abstract Tesim:
- Federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) that provide comprehensive health services, including integrated behavioral health (IBH), transitioned to deliver care via telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored how FQHCs adapted IBH services using telehealth. A mixed-method design was used, pairing a survey disseminated to FQHC administrators with a structured interview. Of the 46 administrators who participated in the survey, 14 (30.4%) reported delivering IBH using telecommunication prior to the pandemic. Since COVID-19, almost all of the FQHCs surveyed used telecommunication to deliver IBH (n = 44, 95.7%). Nine interviews with FQHC administrators resulted in the four themes: telehealth was essential; core components of IBH were impacted; payment parity and reimbursement were a concern; and telehealth addressed workforce issues. Findings confirm the necessity of telehealth for FQHCs during COVID-19. However due to the lack of co-location, warm-handoffs and other core components of IBH were limited.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Family Medicine and School of Social Work
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/tx9a-x664
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-022-01070-1
- ISSN:
- 0010-3853
- Journal Issue:
- 2
- Journal Title:
- Community Mental Health Journal
- Journal Volume:
- 60
- Keyword:
- Tele-behavioral health, COVID-19, Federally qualified health centers, and Integrated behavioral health
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- University of Pittsburgh and
- Page End:
- 223
- Page Start:
- 215
- Person:
- Greeno C., Lombardi B.M., and de Saxe Zerden L.
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 405f5ae1-99d5-4472-98ee-9232cfec3d77
75. Divergent pathogenetic outcomes in BALB/c mice following Omicron subvariant infection
- Title Tesim:
- Divergent pathogenetic outcomes in BALB/c mice following Omicron subvariant infection
- Creator:
- Baric R.S., Bailey A.B., Yount B.L., Zweigart M.R., Powers J.M., Gully K.L., Harkema J.R., Mallory M.L., Sheahan T.P., and Leist S.R.
- Date of publication:
- 2024
- Abstract Tesim:
- Following the emergence of B.1.1.529 Omicron, the SARS-CoV-2 virus evolved into a significant number of sublineage variants that possessed numerous mutations throughout the genome, but particularly within the spike glycoprotein (S) gene. For example, the BQ.1.1 and the XBB.1 and XBB.1.5 subvariants contained 34 and 41 mutations in S, respectively. However, these variants elicited largely replication only or mild disease phenotypes in mice. To better model pathogenic outcomes and measure countermeasure performance, we developed mouse adapted versions (BQ.1.1 MA; XBB.1 MA; XBB.1.5 MA) that reflect more pathogenic acute phase pulmonary disease symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, as well as derivative strains expressing nano-luciferase (nLuc) in place of ORF7 (BQ.1.1 nLuc; XBB.1 nLuc; XBB.1.5 nLuc). Amongst the mouse adapted (MA) viruses, a wide range of disease outcomes were observed including mortality, weight loss, lung dysfunction, and tissue viral loads in the lung and nasal turbinates. Intriguingly, XBB.1 MA and XBB.1.5 MA strains, which contained identical mutations throughout except at position F486S/P in S, exhibited divergent disease outcomes in mice (Ao et al., 2023). XBB.1.5 MA infection was associated with significant weight loss and ∼45 % mortality across two independent studies, while XBB.1 MA infected animals suffered from mild weight loss and only 10 % mortality across the same two independent studies. Additionally, the development and use of nanoluciferase expressing strains provided moderate throughput for live virus neutralization assays. The availability of small animal models for the assessment of Omicron VOC disease potential will enable refined capacity to evaluate the efficacy of on market and pre-clinical therapeutics and interventions.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Epidemiology
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/tf97-r039
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199319
- ISSN:
- 0168-1702
- Journal Title:
- Virus Research
- Journal Volume:
- 341
- Keyword:
- SARS-CoV-2, Pathogenesis, XBB.1, XBB.1.5, BQ.1.1, and Mouse models
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- and Michigan State University
- Person:
- Baric R.S., Bailey A.B., Yount B.L., Zweigart M.R., Powers J.M., Gully K.L., Harkema J.R., Mallory M.L., Sheahan T.P., and Leist S.R.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier B.V.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 3922bb9e-b68f-4f43-8ec6-4c22f6bcdcfa
76. Birth setting decisions during COVID-19: A comparative qualitative study
- Title Tesim:
- Birth setting decisions during COVID-19: A comparative qualitative study
- Creator:
- Crook, Laura, Lyerly, Anne, and Holdren, Sarah
- Date of publication:
- 2024
- Abstract Tesim:
- Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increased number of out-of-hospital births in the United States and other nations. While many studies have sought to understand the experiences of pregnant and birthing people during this time, few have compared experiences across birth locations. Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the narratives and decision-making processes of those who gave birth in and out of hospitals during the pandemic. Design: We conducted semi-structured narrative interviews with 24 women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Interviews were transcribed and coded, and a thematic narrative analysis was employed. Final themes and exemplary quotes were determined in discussion among the research team. Results: Results from narrative analysis revealed three themes that played into participants’ birth location decisions: (1) birth efficacy and values, (2) diverse definitions of safety, and (3) childcare and other logistics. In each of these themes, participants who gave birth in birthing centers, at the hospital, and at home describe their individualized approach to achieving a supportive birth environment while mitigating the risk of labor complications and COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: Our study suggests that for some childbearing people, the pandemic did not change birthing values or decisions but rather brought enhanced clarity to their individual needs during birth and perceived risks, benefits, and limitations of each birthing space. This study further highlights the need for improved structural support for birthing people to access a range of safe and supportive birthing environments.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of English and Comparative Literature and Department of Social Medicine
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/kkax-rt23
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057241227363
- ISSN:
- 1745-5057
- Journal Issue:
- 1
- Journal Title:
- Women's Health
- Journal Volume:
- 20
- Keyword:
- pregnancy, experience, qualitative, birth setting, and COVID-19
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Page Start:
- 8.00E+00
- Person:
- Crook, Laura, Lyerly, Anne, and Holdren, Sarah
- Publisher:
- SAGE
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- c8a80448-582f-4130-a72d-78deebb9db99
77. Air pollution benefits from reduced on-road activity due to COVID-19 in the United States
- Title Tesim:
- Air pollution benefits from reduced on-road activity due to COVID-19 in the United States
- Creator:
- Pandey, Gavendra, Arter, Calvin A, Buonocore, Jonathan J, Isakov, Vlad, and Arunachalam, Saravanan
- Date of publication:
- 2024
- Abstract Tesim:
- On-road transportation is one of the largest contributors to air pollution in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic provided the unintended experiment of reduced on-road emissions’ impacts on air pollution due to lockdowns across the United States. Studies have quantified on-road transportation's impact on fine particulate matter (PM2.5)–attributable and ozone (O3)–attributable adverse health outcomes in the United States, and other studies have quantified air pollution–attributable health outcome reductions due to COVID-19-related lockdowns. We aim to quantify the PM2.5-attributable, O3-attributable, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)–attributable adverse health outcomes from traffic emissions as well as the air pollution benefits due to reduced on-road activity during the pandemic in 2020. We estimate 79,400 (95% CI 46,100–121,000) premature mortalities each year due to on-road-attributable PM2.5, O3, and NO2. We further break down the impacts by pollutant and vehicle types (passenger [PAS] vs. freight [FRT] vehicles). We estimate PAS vehicles to be responsible for 63% of total impacts and FRT vehicles 37%. Nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions from these vehicles are responsible for 78% of total impacts as it is a precursor for PM2.5 and O3. Utilizing annual vehicle miles traveled reductions in 2020, we estimate that 9,300 (5,500–14,000) deaths from air pollution were avoided in 2020 due to the state-specific reductions in on-road activity across the continental United States. By quantifying the air pollution public health benefits from lockdown-related reductions in on-road emissions, the results from this study stress the need for continued emission mitigation policies, like the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) recently proposed NOX standards for heavy-duty vehicles, to mitigate on-road transportation's public health impact.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- UNC Institute for the Environment
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/w831-sy57
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae017
- ISSN:
- 2752-6542
- Journal Issue:
- 1
- Journal Title:
- PNAS Nexus
- Journal Volume:
- 3
- Keyword:
- public health, transportation, air quality, and COVID-19
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- , Boston University School of Public Health, and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Page Start:
- pgae017
- Person:
- Pandey, Gavendra, Arter, Calvin A, Buonocore, Jonathan J, Isakov, Vlad, and Arunachalam, Saravanan
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 5407a694-352e-48c6-9cfb-19080930d74b
78. Pilot Observational Study of Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Long COVID Patients in Virtual Integrative Medical Group Visits
- Title Tesim:
- Pilot Observational Study of Patient Reported Outcome Measures for Long COVID Patients in Virtual Integrative Medical Group Visits
- Creator:
- Roth I.J., Chilcoat A., Kavalakatt B.M., Tiedt M.K., Baratta J.M., Gardiner P., Barnhill J.L., Miller V.E., and Thompson K.L.
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- Background: Long COVID is a common, debilitating post-infectious illness for which effective management is unknown. Integrative Medical Group Visits (IMGV) are effective interventions for chronic conditions and could benefit Long COVID patients. More information is needed regarding existing patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) to evaluate efficacy of IMGV for Long COVID. Objective: This study assessed the feasibility of specific PROMS to evaluate IMGVs for Long COVID. Findings will inform future efficacy trials. Methods: The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), General Anxiety Disorder two-question tool (GAD-2), Fibromyalgia Symptom Severity scale (SSS), and Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile (MYMOP®) were collected pre- and post-group by teleconferencing platform or telephone and compared using paired t-tests. Patients were recruited from a Long COVID specialty clinic where they participated in 2-hour - 8 weekly IMGV sessions online. Results: Twenty-seven participants enrolled and completed pre-group surveys. Fourteen participants were reachable by phone post-group and completed all pre and post PROMs (78.6% female, 71.4% non-Hispanic White, mean age 49). MYMOP® primary symptomatology was fatigue, shortness of breath and “brain fog”. Symptoms decreased in interference when compared to pre-group levels (mean difference −1.3 [95% CI-2.2, −.5]). PSS scores decreased (−3.4 [95% CI -5.8, −1.1]), and GAD-2 mean difference was −1.43 (95% CI –3.12,.26). There were no changes in SSS scores of fatigue (−.21 [95% CI -.68,0.25]), waking unrefreshed (.00 [95%CI -.32, −.32]), or trouble thinking (−.21 [95% CI -.78,0.35]). Conclusion: All PROMs were feasible to administer via teleconferencing platform or telephone. The PSS, GAD-2 and MYMOP® are promising PROMs to track Long COVID symptomatology among IMGV participants. The SSS, while feasible to administer, did not change compared to baseline. Larger, controlled studies are needed to determine the efficacy of virtual IMGVs to address the needs of this large and growing population.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/1rv4-d980
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://doi.org/10.1177/27536130231174236
- ISSN:
- 2753-6130
- Journal Issue:
- Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health
- Journal Title:
- 12
- Keyword:
- group visit, whole person care, long COVID, telemedicine, and integrative
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- and Cambridge Health Alliance
- Person:
- Roth I.J., Chilcoat A., Kavalakatt B.M., Tiedt M.K., Baratta J.M., Gardiner P., Barnhill J.L., Miller V.E., and Thompson K.L.
- Publisher:
- SAGE Publications Inc.
- Source:
- ca6e8f96-737f-44f2-a0a7-260cd04214ca
79. Shifts in routine vaccine confidence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kinshasa Province, DRC: A mixed-methods approach
- Title Tesim:
- Shifts in routine vaccine confidence during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kinshasa Province, DRC: A mixed-methods approach
- Creator:
- Boisson-Walsh, Alix
- Date of publication:
- January 15, 2024
- Abstract Tesim:
- The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted routine immunizations worldwide, decreasing confidence in vaccination programs. Leveraging a previously validated Shift in Vaccine Confidence (SVC) tool, we measured changes in routine HBV vaccine confidence due to the pandemic among Kinshasa-based participants and factors influencing vaccination confidence, uptake, and intention. We verbally administered SVC surveys in person to HBV-negative adults in Kinshasa who were ≥18 years of age, exposed to HBV in the household, and eligible for HBV vaccination. We measured HBV vaccination status in three ways: vaccinee, willing to receive HBV vaccination, or refused. We interviewed participants at one time point, during which they responded to prompts in the framework of (1) before and (2) during the pandemic. To measure shifts in vaccine confidence, we compared vaccination confidence before versus during the pandemic using Chi-square tests. We also coded open-ended responses to explore context-specific vaccine uptake and perception determinants. From April 2022 to February 2023, we administered the SVC tool to a purposive sample of 41 participants: 7 vaccinees, 23 willing to receive HBV vaccine, and 11 refusers. We observed statistically significant declines in opinion across all five vaccine confidence domains when comparing responses during versus before the pandemic (p<0.01). The most significant shift in perspective was that 80.5% of participants believed that vaccines were safe before the pandemic, compared to 46.3% during the pandemic (p<0.01). Qualitative analysis identified four emergent domains impacting uptake decisions: vaccine confidence, knowledge, risks, and external influences. Rising uncertainty about efficacy, safety, and distrust in the COVID-19 vaccine undermined vaccine confidence among our participants. Factors such as distrust in manufacturers and government, fear of side effects, perceived low illness risk, and inconvenient healthcare access contributed to low vaccine uptake. These insights underscore the pandemic's impact on routine immunization and emphasize the need for consideration in future vaccination campaigns.
- Resource type:
- Dataset
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- School of Medicine
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Dataset
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/45gt-9d49
- Kind of Data:
- Numeric
- Language Label:
- English
- Last Modified Date:
- 2024-01-15
- License Label:
- CC0 1.0 Universal
- Methodology:
- Study setting and survey tool This study was an ancillary study to the "Horizontal and Vertical Transmission of HBV" (HOVER-HBV) study, focused on investigating modes of HBV transmission within households in February 2021 in Kinshasa.11 Within the HOVER-HBV study, we observed low uptake of the HBV vaccine when offered free of charge to adults who were HBV-negative and exposed to HBV in the household.11 In response to the decreased uptake, we developed and validated the content of the SVC tool10, a standardized tool to assess changes in routine vaccine confidence due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey items fall within four categories: vaccine confidence, vaccine uptake, vaccine intention, and sociodemographic status. The items included in the tool had a three-point rating scale (yes, don't know, no) and open-ended questions. No changes were made to the wording of the items after content validation of the tool; see Boisson et al. for more information.10 Design and population In this cross-sectional mixed-methods study, we employed the SVC tool to survey a convenience sample of adults eligible for HBV vaccination within the parent HOVER-HBV study.10 Eligible participants were HBV-negative, exposed to HBV in the household, and ≥18 years of age. DRC did not introduce the 3-dose infant HBV series to the national immunization schedule until 2009;12 therefore, this adult population was not offered HBV vaccination until our study. We measured HBV vaccination status in three ways: vaccinee, willing to receive HBV vaccine, or refused. Participants were approached by phone for this sub-study if they were offered an HBV vaccine in the parent HOVER study. A purposive sampling approach guided the selection of HOVER participants to approach for enrollment. If individuals consented to participate in the study, a research assistant would travel to the participant’s home at a pre-specified date and time to interview in person. Data collection Two research assistants (JM, SN) with previous experience in conducting interviews in the field and who are native to the region received training on the use of the SVC tool. Interviews were conducted in Lingala (the local language) in a private space within the home and lasted between 45 and 60 minutes. We administered the interviews in two parts. The first was a structured survey format with three response options (yes, I don’t know, no). The second was a semi-structured interview format with open-ended questions. The interviewers received training to probe participants on determinants such as vaccine decision-making, uptake, and perception. Interview responses were captured on a tablet using the REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) software. They were simultaneously audio recorded. A bilingual (French and Lingala) third-party service, 'Centre Afro-Linguistique de Traduction, Interprétariat de Kinshasa,' then translated and transcribed the audio recordings of the interviews to French for analysis. Data analysis Quantitative analysis The SVC survey tool included five validated domains of vaccine confidence: vaccines prevent against diseases, vaccines are important for a child’s health, vaccines are important for one’s own health, vaccines are safe, and new vaccines do not pose higher risk than existing vaccine. We interviewed participants at one timepoint during which they responded to interview questions in the framework of (1) before the pandemic and (2) during or currently. We then compared “before” and “during” pandemic responses to measure shifts in vaccine confidence using Pearson’s chi-square test. The responses were coded 0 for “No”, 1 for “I don’t know” and 2 for “Yes”. We reverse-coded one item’s response options (do new vaccines pose more risk than old vaccines?) so that higher scores indicated less confidence on all items. We used Stata/SE 16.1 to conduct all quantitative analyses.
- ORCID:
- aboisson
- Other Affiliation:
- Person:
- Boisson-Walsh, Alix
80. Impacts of isolation, loneliness, and family relationships on problematic substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparing sexual minority and heterosexual young adults
- Title Tesim:
- Impacts of isolation, loneliness, and family relationships on problematic substance use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparing sexual minority and heterosexual young adults
- Creator:
- Haik, Amanda K
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- Sexual minority young adults (SMYA), compared to heterosexual young adults (HYA),are a uniquely high-risk population for problematic substance use and this disparity may havebeen exacerbated during the pandemic. Participants (N=141) aged 23-29 completed self-reportsurveys in 2014-2015 as college students and summer 2021 as young adults (59% White, 26%Black/African American, 9% Asian/Middle Eastern, 6% Hispanic/Latino, and <1% AmericanIndian/Alaska Native). Results of multivariate regression and multiple group path analysesshowed that SMYA did not have greater increases in problematic substance use compared toHYA; isolation and loneliness were not significant mediators; and the quality of familyrelationships was not a significant moderator. However, SMYA, as compared to HYA,experienced increased loneliness and decreased quality of family relationships. Further researchis needed to investigate both the impact and underlying processes of this decreased social safetyon SMYA well-being beyond the pandemic to better inform tailored supports and interventions.
- Resource type:
- Masters Thesis
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Psychology
- Degree:
- Master of Arts
- Degree Granting Institution:
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
- Deposit Record:
- b8c9f2e8-45db-4855-bd44-550082b7124d
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/b0ms-a211
- Graduation Year:
- 2023
- Keyword:
- Clinical psychology, substance use, sexual minority, and COVID-19
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Daughters, Stacey B, Cox, Melissa J, Hussong, Andrea M, and Haik, Amanda K
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
Collection Details
- Total items
-
1165
- Size
-
unknown
- Keyword
- SARS-CoV
severe acute respiratory syndrome
MERS-CoV
middle east respiratory syndrome
coronavirus
covid-19
SARS-CoV-2
- Date created
-
April 16, 2020
- Language
- English
- Identifier
- https://doi.org/10.17615/krdy-6769