UNC-Chapel Hill Climate Change Resources // Carolina Digital Repository

Works (783)

111. Bayhead deltas and shorelines: Insights from modern and ancient examples

Title Tesim:: Bayhead deltas and shorelines: Insights from modern and ancient examples
Creator:: Simms, A.R., Rodriguez, A.B., and Anderson, J.B.
Date of publication:: 2018
Abstract Tesim:: Bayhead deltas are important components of the rock record as well as modern estuaries, hosting important hydrocarbon reservoirs and many coastal cities, ports and large expanses of wetlands. Despite their significance, few studies have summarized their occurrence and sedimentary characteristics. In this paper we review the stratigraphic, sedimentary, and geomorphic characteristics of 68 modern and ancient bayhead deltas. Bayhead deltas are found in incised valleys, structural basins, fjords, interdistributary bays of larger open-ocean deltas, and other backbarrier environments. Except for within fjords, they generally prograde into shallower and more brackish waters than their open-ocean equivalents. As a result, 80% of modern, 68% of Quaternary, and 67% of ancient bayhead deltas have clinoform thicknesses of 10 m or less with 73% of modern bayhead deltas having clinoform thicknesses of 5 m or less. Additionally, 89% of modern, 81% of Quaternary, and 77% of ancient bayhead deltas examined are fluvial dominated. We distinguish true bayhead deltas from their genetically similar bayhead shorelines, which are not constructional features but sites of enhanced marsh or estuarine sedimentation near river mouths with inadequate rates of sediment delivery to form distributary channels and prograde into the estuary or lagoon. We also distinguish confined bayhead deltas found in incised valleys, structural basins, and fjords from unconfined bayhead deltas found as incipient lobes of larger delta complexes and other back-barrier lagoons. The architecture of confined bayhead deltas is largely influenced by the limited accommodation brought about by the walls of the flooded valleys in which they are located. As such, confined bayhead-delta ontogeny is controlled by many autogenic interactions within these valley walls. Both confined and unconfined bayhead deltas are sensitive to sea-level rise, climate-controlled changes in sediment flux, and tectonics. Their relatively small size, connection with the terrestrial system, and protected nature make them the ideal depositional system to record Earth history including sea-level and climate changes.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute of Marine Sciences
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/4bqc-qc82
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.07.004
ISSN:: 0037-0738
Journal Title:: Sedimentary Geology
Journal Volume:: 374
Keyword:: Deltas, Lagoons, Coastlines, Estuaries, and Incised valleys
Language Label:: English
Other Affiliation:: University of California Santa Barbara and Rice University
Page End:: 35
Page Start:: 17
Person:: Simms, A.R., Rodriguez, A.B., and Anderson, J.B.
Publisher:: Elsevier B.V.
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: antonio_rodriguez_3

112. Sea Level Rise Explains Changing Carbon Accumulation Rates in a Salt Marsh Over the Past Two Millennia

Title Tesim:: Sea Level Rise Explains Changing Carbon Accumulation Rates in a Salt Marsh Over the Past Two Millennia
Creator:: Davis, J., McKee, B., Rodriguez, A.B., Currin, C., McTigue, N., and Atencio, A.
Date of publication:: 2019
Abstract Tesim:: High rates of carbon burial observed in wetland sediments have garnered attention as a potential “natural fix” to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Earth's atmosphere. A carbon accumulation rate (CAR) can be determined through various methods that integrate a carbon stock over different time periods, ranging from decades to millennia. Our goal was to assess how CAR changed over the lifespan of a salt marsh. We applied a geochronology to a series of salt marsh cores using both 14C and 210Pb markers to calculate CARs that were integrated between 35 and 2,460 years before present. CAR was 39 g C·m−2·year−1 when integrated over millennia but was upward of 148 g C·m−2·year−1 for the past century. We present additional evidence to account for this variability by linking it to changes in relative sea level rise (RSLR), where higher rates of RSLR were associated with higher CARs. Thus, the CAR calculated for a wetland should integrate timescales that capture the influence of contemporary RSLR. Therefore, caution should be exercised not to utilize a CAR calculated over inappropriately short or long timescales as a current assessment or forecasting tool for the climate change mitigation potential of a wetland.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Marine Sciences
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/v8hg-dy14
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005207
ISSN:: 2169-8953
Journal Issue:: 10
Journal Title:: Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences
Journal Volume:: 124
Keyword:: sea-level rise, geochronology, carbon storage, and salt marsh
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Page End:: 2957
Page Start:: 2945
Person:: Davis, J., McKee, B., Rodriguez, A.B., Currin, C., McTigue, N., and Atencio, A.
Publisher:: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: antonio_rodriguez_2

113. Coastal sedimentation across North America doubled in the 20th century despite river dams

Title Tesim:: Coastal sedimentation across North America doubled in the 20th century despite river dams
Creator:: Miller, C.B., McKee, B.A., Rodriguez, A.B., Atencio, A.N., and Bost, M.C.
Date of publication:: 2020
Abstract Tesim:: The proliferation of dams since 1950 promoted sediment deposition in reservoirs, which is thought to be starving the coast of sediment and decreasing the resilience of communities to storms and sea-level rise. Diminished river loads measured upstream from the coast, however, should not be assumed to propagate seaward. Here, we show that century-long records of sediment mass accumulation rates (g cm−2 yr−1) and sediment accumulation rates (cm yr−1) more than doubled after 1950 in coastal depocenters around North America. Sediment sources downstream of dams compensate for the river-sediment lost to impoundments. Sediment is accumulating in coastal depocenters at a rate that matches or exceeds relative sea-level rise, apart from rapidly subsiding Texas and Louisiana where water depths are increasing and intertidal areas are disappearing. Assuming no feedbacks, accelerating global sea-level rise will eventually surpass current sediment accumulation rates, underscoring the need for including coastal-sediment management in habitat-restoration projects.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Marine Sciences
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/mrbh-mt90
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16994-z
ISSN:: 2041-1723
Journal Issue:: 1
Journal Title:: Nature Communications
Journal Volume:: 11
Keyword:: sedimentation, sediment, United States, bioaccumulation, bioturbation, gamma spectrometry, particle size, catchment area (hydrology), Louisiana, North America, meteorology, Texas, seawater upwelling, bulk density, radiography, urbanization, sedimentology, information processing, asthenospheric upwelling, biogeography, climate change, soil erosion, coastal waters, sediment transport, seashore, geographic distribution, seasonal variation, geochemistry, sea surface temperature, dam (barrier), and sea level rise
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Person:: Miller, C.B., McKee, B.A., Rodriguez, A.B., Atencio, A.N., and Bost, M.C.
Publisher:: Nature Research
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: antonio_rodriguez_1

114. Living shorelines enhance nitrogen removal capacity over time

Title Tesim:: Living shorelines enhance nitrogen removal capacity over time
Creator:: Onorevole, K.M., Thompson, S.P., and Piehler, M.F.
Date of publication:: 2018
Abstract Tesim:: Living shorelines are nature-based solutions to coastal erosion that can be constructed as salt marshes with fringing oyster reefs. Each of these habitats can decrease the potential for eutrophication through increased nitrogen (N) removal via denitrification. However, the development of N cycling over time has not been studied in living shorelines. This research measured denitrification rates in a chronosequence of living shorelines spanning 0–20 years in age in Bogue Sound, NC. Analyses were conducted seasonally from summer 2014 to spring 2015 along an elevation transect through the salt marsh, oyster reef, and adjacent sandflat at all sites. Gas fluxes (N2 and O2) from sediment core incubations were measured with a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS) to assess denitrification and sediment oxygen demand. Fluxes of dissolved nutrients and the greenhouse gas N2O were measured. Sediment properties, inundation frequency, oyster filtration rates, and marsh grass stem density were also quantified. There was no significant difference in denitrification rates among habitats. N removal consistently increased from the 0- to 7-year-old sites. Denitrification efficiency was always greater than 50% and positive N2O fluxes were negligible. Our results suggest that living shorelines increase net N removal within a relatively short time period following construction, without introducing deleterious greenhouse gas emissions. This demonstrates that living shorelines can play an important role in estuarine N cycling and management.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute of Marine Sciences
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/gd8s-xf12
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2018.05.017
ISSN:: 0925-8574
Journal Title:: Ecological Engineering
Journal Volume:: 120
Keyword:: Denitrification, Chronosequence, Restoration, Nitrous oxide, and Living shoreline
Language Label:: English
Page End:: 248
Page Start:: 238
Person:: Onorevole, K.M., Thompson, S.P., and Piehler, M.F.
Publisher:: Elsevier B.V.
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: michael_piehler_14

115. Ecosystem-based management for military training, biodiversity, carbon storage and climate resiliency on a complex coastal land/water-scape

Title Tesim:: Ecosystem-based management for military training, biodiversity, carbon storage and climate resiliency on a complex coastal land/water-scape
Creator:: Ensign, S., Piehler, M.F., Walters, J.R., Hall, N.S., Rodriguez, A.B., Anderson, I.C., Currin, C.A., McNinch, J.R., Matthews, K., Paerl, H.W., Kirwan, M.L., Cunningham, P.A., Halpin, P.N., Christensen, N.L., Tobias, C.R., Brush, M.J., and Cohen, S.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: The Defense Coastal/Estuarine Research Program (DCERP) was a 10-year multi-investigator project funded by the Department of Defense to improve understanding of ecosystem processes and their interactions with natural and anthropogenic stressors at the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune (MCBCL) located in coastal North Carolina. The project was aimed at facilitating ecosystem-based management (EBM) at the MCBCL and other coastal military installations. Because of its scope, interdisciplinary character, and duration, DCERP embodied many of the opportunities and challenges associated with EBM, including the need for explicit goals, system models, long-term perspectives, systems complexity, change inevitability, consideration of humans as ecosystem components, and program adaptability and accountability. We describe key elements of this program, its contributions to coastal EBM, and its relevance as an exemplar of EBM.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute of Marine Sciences and UNC Institute for the Environment
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/45cn-4h44
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111755
ISSN:: 0301-4797
Journal Title:: Journal of Environmental Management
Journal Volume:: 280
Keyword:: Coastal barrier island dynamics, Ecosystem-based management on military lands, Forest biodiversity, Coastal marsh dynamics, Estuarine water quality, and Adaptive management
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Stroud Water Research Center, , Virginia Tech, College of William and Mary, NOAA, USACE, RTI International, Duke University, and University of Connecticut
Person:: Ensign, S., Piehler, M.F., Walters, J.R., Hall, N.S., Rodriguez, A.B., Anderson, I.C., Currin, C.A., McNinch, J.R., Matthews, K., Paerl, H.W., Kirwan, M.L., Cunningham, P.A., Halpin, P.N., Christensen, N.L., Tobias, C.R., Brush, M.J., and Cohen, S.
Publisher:: Academic Press
Source:: michael_piehler_4

116. Juvenile Eastern Oysters More Resilient to Extreme Ocean Acidification than Their Mud Crab Predators

Title Tesim:: Juvenile Eastern Oysters More Resilient to Extreme Ocean Acidification than Their Mud Crab Predators
Creator:: Grabowski, J.H., Ries, J.B., Westfield, I., Dodd, L.F., and Piehler, M.F.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Ocean acidification is predicted to impair marine calcifiers' abilities to produce shells and skeletons. We conducted laboratory experiments investigating the impacts of CO2-induced ocean acidification (pCO2 = 478–519, 734–835, 8,980–9,567; Ωcalcite = 7.3–5.7, 5.6–4.3, 0.6–0.7) on calcification rates of two estuarine calcifiers involved in a classic predator-prey model system: adult Panopeus herbstii (Atlantic mud crab) and juvenile Crassostrea virginica (eastern oyster). Both oyster and crab calcification rates significantly decreased at the highest pCO2 level. Notably, however, oysters maintained positive net calcification rates in the highest pCO2 treatment that was undersaturated with respect to calcite, while mud crabs exhibited net dissolution (i.e., net loss of shell mass) in calcite-undersaturated conditions. Secondary electron imaging of oyster shells revealed minor microstructural alterations in the moderate-pCO2 treatment, and major microstructural and macrostructural changes (including shell dissolution, delamination of periostracum) in the high-pCO2 treatment. These results underscore the threat that ocean acidification poses for marine organisms that produce calcium carbonate shells, illustrate the strong biological control that some marine calcifiers exert over their shell-building process, and shows that ocean acidification differentially impacts the crab and oyster species involved in this classical predator-prey model system.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Marine Sciences and Institute of Marine Sciences
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/4nzq-fp66
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009180
ISSN:: 1525-2027
Journal Issue:: 2
Journal Title:: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Journal Volume:: 22
Keyword:: Molluscs, Marine biology, Biomineralization, Calcium carbonate, Calcite, Dissolution, Secondary emission, Bone, Shells (structures), Predator prey systems, Acidification, Ecology, and Oceanography
Language Label:: English
Other Affiliation:: Northeastern University
Person:: Grabowski, J.H., Ries, J.B., Westfield, I., Dodd, L.F., and Piehler, M.F.
Publisher:: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: michael_piehler_3

117. Threshold effects of habitat fragmentation on fish diversity at landscapes scales

Title Tesim:: Threshold effects of habitat fragmentation on fish diversity at landscapes scales
Creator:: Keller, D.A., Fodrie, F.J., Burns, T.R., Yeager, L.A., and Pool, A.S.
Date of publication:: 2016
Abstract Tesim:: Habitat fragmentation involves habitat loss concomitant with changes in spatial configuration, confounding mechanistic drivers of biodiversity change associated with habitat disturbance. Studies attempting to isolate the effects of altered habitat configuration on associated communities have reported variable results. This variability may be explained in part by the fragmentation threshold hypothesis, which predicts that the effects of habitat configuration may only manifest at low levels of remnant habitat area. To separate the effects of habitat area and configuration on biodiversity, we surveyed fish communities in seagrass landscapes spanning a range of total seagrass area (2-74% cover within 16 000-m2 landscapes) and spatial configurations (1-75 discrete patches). We also measured variation in fine-scale seagrass variables, which are known to affect faunal community composition and may covary with landscape-scale features. We found that species richness decreased and the community structure shifted with increasing patch number within the landscape, but only when seagrass area was low (<25% cover). This pattern was driven by an absence of epibenthic species in low-seagrass-area, highly patchy landscapes. Additional tests corroborated that low movement rates among patches may underlie loss of vulnerable taxa. Fine-scale seagrass biomass was generally unimportant in predicting fish community composition. As such, we present empirical support for the fragmentation threshold hypothesis and we suggest that poor matrix quality and low dispersal ability for sensitive taxa in our system may explain why our results support the hypothesis, while previous empirical work has largely failed to match predictions.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute of Marine Sciences
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/997x-h343
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1449
ISSN:: 0012-9658
Journal Issue:: 8
Journal Title:: Ecology
Journal Volume:: 97
Keyword:: Habitat patch, Seagrass, Community structure, Species richness, Movement, Species-area relationship, and Species traits
Language Label:: English
Page End:: 2166
Page Start:: 2157
Person:: Keller, D.A., Fodrie, F.J., Burns, T.R., Yeager, L.A., and Pool, A.S.
Publisher:: Ecological Society of America
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: joel_fodrie_36

118. Oyster reefs as carbon sources and sinks

Title Tesim:: Oyster reefs as carbon sources and sinks
Creator:: Fodrie, F.J., Grabowski, J.H., Rodriguez, A.B., Gittman, R.K., Peterson, C.H., Lindquist, N.L., Piehler, M.F., and Ridge, J.T.
Date of publication:: 2017
Abstract Tesim:: Carbon burial is increasingly valued as a service provided by threatened vegetated coastal habitats. Similarly, shellfish reefs contain significant pools of carbon and are globally endangered, yet considerable uncertainty remains regarding shellfish reefs’ role as sources (+) or sinks (-) of atmospheric CO2. While CO2 release is a by-product of carbonate shell production (then burial), shellfish also facilitate atmospheric-CO2 drawdown via filtration and rapid biodeposition of carbon-fixing primary producers. We provide a framework to account for the dual burial of inorganic and organic carbon, and demonstrate that decade-old experimental reefs on intertidal sandflats were net sources of CO2 (7.1 ± 1.2 MgC ha-1 yr-1 (m ± s.e.)) resulting from predominantly carbonate deposition, whereas shallow subtidal reefs (-1.0 ± 0.4 MgC ha-1 yr-1) and saltmarsh-fringing reefs (-1.3 ± 0.4 MgC ha-1 yr-1) were dominated by organic-carbon-rich sediments and functioned as net carbon sinks (on par with vegetated coastal habitats). These landscape-level differences reflect gradients in shellfish growth, survivorship and shell bioerosion. Notably, down-core carbon concentrations in 100- to 4000-year-old reefs mirrored experimental-reef data, suggesting our results are relevant over centennial to millennial scales, although we note that these natural reefs appeared to function as slight carbon sources (0.5 ± 0.3 MgC ha-1 yr-1). Globally, the historical mining of the top metre of shellfish reefs may have reintroduced more than 400 000 000 Mg of organic carbon into estuaries. Importantly, reef formation and destruction do not have reciprocal, counterbalancing impacts on atmospheric CO2 since excavated organic material may be remineralized while shell may experience continued preservation through reburial. Thus, protection of existing reefs could be considered as one component of climate mitigation programmes focused on the coastal zone.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute of Marine Sciences
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/r7r2-kd98
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0891
ISSN:: 0962-8452
Journal Issue:: 1859
Journal Title:: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Journal Volume:: 284
Keyword:: Landscape, Blue carbon, Shellfish, Climate change, Ecosystem services, and Habitat loss
Language Label:: English
Other Affiliation:: Northeastern University
Person:: Fodrie, F.J., Grabowski, J.H., Rodriguez, A.B., Gittman, R.K., Peterson, C.H., Lindquist, N.L., Piehler, M.F., and Ridge, J.T.
Publisher:: Royal Society Publishing
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: joel_fodrie_31

119. Salt Marsh and Fringing Oyster Reef Transgression in a Shallow Temperate Estuary: Implications for Restoration, Conservation and Blue Carbon

Title Tesim:: Salt Marsh and Fringing Oyster Reef Transgression in a Shallow Temperate Estuary: Implications for Restoration, Conservation and Blue Carbon
Creator:: Ridge, J.T., Rodriguez, A.B., and Fodrie, F.J.
Date of publication:: 2017
Abstract Tesim:: The importance of intertidal estuarine habitats, like salt marsh and oyster reef, has been well established, as has their ubiquitous loss along our coasts with resultant forfeiture of the ecosystem services they provide. Furthering our understanding of how these habitats are evolving in the face of anthropogenic and climate driven changes will help improve management strategies. Previous work has shown that the growth and productivity of both oyster reefs and salt marshes are strongly linked to elevation in the intertidal zone (duration of aerial exposure). We build on that research by examining the growth of marsh-fringing oyster reefs at yearly to decadal time scales and examine movement of the boundary between oyster reef and salt marsh at decadal to centennial time scales. We show that the growth of marsh-fringing reefs is strongly associated to the duration of aerial exposure, with little growth occurring below mean low water and above mean sea level. Marsh-shoreline movement, in the presence or absence of fringing oyster reefs, was reconstructed using transects of sediment cores. Carbonaceous marsh sediments sampled below the modern fringing oyster reefs indicate that marsh shorelines within Back Sound, North Carolina are predominantly in a state of transgression (landward retreat), and modern oyster-reef locations were previously occupied by salt marsh within the past two centuries. Cores fronting transgressive marsh shorelines absent fringing reefs sampled thinner and less extensive carbonaceous marsh sediment than at sites with fringing reefs. This indicates that fringing reefs are preserving carbonaceous marsh sediment from total erosion as they transgress and colonize the exposed marsh shoreline making marsh sediments more resistant to erosion. The amount of marsh sediment preservation underneath the reef scales with the reef’s relief, as reefs with the greatest relief were level with the marsh platform, preserving a maximum amount of carbonaceous sediments during transgression by buffering the marsh from erosional processes. Thus, fringing oyster reefs not only have the capacity to shelter shorelines but, if located at the ideal tidal elevation, they also keep up with accelerating sea-level rise and cap carbonaceous sediments, protecting them from erosion, as reefs develop along the marsh.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute of Marine Sciences
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/xwqg-0n04
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-016-0196-8
ISSN:: 1559-2723
Journal Issue:: 4
Journal Title:: Estuaries and Coasts
Journal Volume:: 40
Keyword:: Sea-level rise, Salt marsh, Blue carbon, Erosion, and Oysters
Language Label:: English
Page End:: 1027
Page Start:: 1013
Person:: Ridge, J.T., Rodriguez, A.B., and Fodrie, F.J.
Publisher:: Springer New York LLC
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: joel_fodrie_29

120. Evidence of exceptional oyster-reef resilience to fluctuations in sea level

Title Tesim:: Evidence of exceptional oyster-reef resilience to fluctuations in sea level
Creator:: Fodrie, F.J., Ridge, J.T., and Rodriguez, A.B.
Date of publication:: 2017
Abstract Tesim:: Ecosystems at the land–sea interface are vulnerable to rising sea level. Intertidal habitats must maintain their surface elevations with respect to sea level to persist via vertical growth or landward retreat, but projected rates of sea-level rise may exceed the accretion rates of many biogenic habitats. While considerable attention is focused on climate change over centennial timescales, relative sea level also fluctuates dramatically (10–30 cm) over month-to-year timescales due to interacting oceanic and atmospheric processes. To assess the response of oyster-reef (Crassostrea virginica) growth to interannual variations in mean sea level (MSL) and improve long-term forecasts of reef response to rising seas, we monitored the morphology of constructed and natural intertidal reefs over 5 years using terrestrial lidar. Timing of reef scans created distinct periods of high and low relative water level for decade-old reefs (n = 3) constructed in 1997 and 2000, young reefs (n = 11) constructed in 2011 and one natural reef (approximately 100 years old). Changes in surface elevation were related to MSL trends. Decade-old reefs achieved 2 cm/year growth, which occurred along higher elevations when MSL increased. Young reefs experienced peak growth (6.7 cm/year) at a lower elevation that coincided with a drop in MSL. The natural reef exhibited considerable loss during the low MSL of the first time step but grew substantially during higher MSL through the second time step, with growth peaking (4.3 cm/year) at MSL, reoccupying the elevations previously lost. Oyster reefs appear to be in dynamic equilibrium with short-term (month-to-year) fluctuations in sea level, evidencing notable resilience to future changes to sea level that surpasses other coastal biogenic habitat types. These growth patterns support the presence of a previously defined optimal growth zone that shifts correspondingly with changes in MSL, which can help guide oyster-reef conservation and restoration.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute of Marine Sciences
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/s94a-rv80
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3473
ISSN:: 2045-7758
Journal Issue:: 23
Journal Title:: Ecology and Evolution
Journal Volume:: 7
Keyword:: estuarine, Crassostrea virginica, green infrastructure, oyster reefs, accretion, surface elevation, sea level, and coastal resilience
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Page End:: 10420
Page Start:: 10409
Person:: Fodrie, F.J., Ridge, J.T., and Rodriguez, A.B.
Publisher:: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: joel_fodrie_28

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