UNC-Chapel Hill Climate Change Resources // Carolina Digital Repository

Works (784)

11. Population divergence in nutrient-temperature interactions in Pieris rapae

Title Tesim:: Population divergence in nutrient-temperature interactions in Pieris rapae
Creator:: Kingsolver, J.G. and Parker A.L.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: The interaction between larval host plant quality and temperature can influence the short-term physiological rates and life-history traits of insect herbivores. These factors can vary locally, resulting in local adaptation in responses to diet and temperature, but the comparison of these interactions between populations is infrequently carried out. In this study, we examine how the macronutrient ratio of an artificial diet determines the larval growth, development, and survival of larval Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) at different temperatures between two invasive North American populations from different climatic regions. We conducted a fully factorial experiment with three temperature treatments (18°C, 25°C, and 32°C) and three artificial diet treatments varying in terms of the ratio of protein to carbohydrate (low protein, balanced, and high protein). The effects of diet on life-history traits were greater at lower temperatures, but these differed between populations. Larvae from the subtropical population had reduced survival to pupation on the low-protein diet in the cold temperature treatment, whereas larval survival for the temperate population was equally high for all temperature and diet treatments. Overall, both populations performed more poorly (i.e., they showed slower rates of consumption, growth, and development, and had a smaller pupal mass) in the diet with the low protein ratio, but larvae from the temperate population were less sensitive to diet ratio changes at all temperatures. Our results confirm that the physiological and life-history consequences of imbalanced nutrition for insect herbivores may depend on developmental temperatures, and that different geographic populations of P. rapae within North America vary in their sensitivity to nutritional balance and temperature.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Biology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/5tq6-a134
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1237624
ISSN:: 2673-8600
Journal Title:: Frontiers in Insect Science
Journal Volume:: 3
Keyword:: population differentiation, climate change, phenotypic plasticity, cabbage white butterfly, temperature, and macronutrients
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Kingsolver, J.G. and Parker A.L.
Publisher:: Frontiers Media SA
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 9f3e1648-d8e3-4429-bb97-13d0fcd4d66d

12. Interlinkages and gaps: a review of the literature on intergovernmental relations for flood management in the face of climate change

Title Tesim:: Interlinkages and gaps: a review of the literature on intergovernmental relations for flood management in the face of climate change
Creator:: El-Khattabi, Ahmed Rachid, Chantilas, Alexander, Worley, Aaron, Downs, Kristen, Byrne, Cate, Ruffins, Ranger, Gvino, Emily, Christenson-Diver, Elizabeth, and Dodds, Felix
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Current approaches to flood management are increasingly insufficient to deal with intensifying flood trends. In this paper, we define and map out the responsibilities and relationships of local, state, and federal governing entities at various levels. We use these relationships to identify gaps in governance needed to address the high financial, human, and infrastructure costs of flooding. This paper offers a description of current flood policies and provides recommendations for innovations in policy solutions to improve governance gaps. We identify three themes from the literature on intergovernmental relations and flood governance: (1) intergovernmental relations (interlinkages and gaps) for flood governance; (2) risks inherent to flood governance (financial, physical, social and individual, and perception of risk); (3) data adequacy and interoperability.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: School of Government and The Water Institute
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/kcjc-d686
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2023.1135513
ISSN:: 2624-9634
Journal Title:: Frontiers in Sustainable Cities
Journal Volume:: 5
Keyword:: intergovernmental relations, multi-level governance, disaster and risk management, review, flood-control risk evaluation, and United States
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: El-Khattabi, Ahmed Rachid, Chantilas, Alexander, Worley, Aaron, Downs, Kristen, Byrne, Cate, Ruffins, Ranger, Gvino, Emily, Christenson-Diver, Elizabeth, and Dodds, Felix
Publisher:: Frontiers Media SA
Source:: 12b72736-5b15-4e28-a02b-772e9fe566c7

13. Editorial: Curbing global warming with multi-scale and multi-sectoral Water-Energy-Food nexus

Title Tesim:: Editorial: Curbing global warming with multi-scale and multi-sectoral Water-Energy-Food nexus
Creator:: Hong J., Zhong H., Peng X., Chen H., and Song K.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Food, energy, and water play fundamental roles in human life and development. The rapid growth of global population requires increasing demand for agriculture product, renewable energy, and water resource supplies. Such demands echo with the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially zero hunger (Goal 2), clean water and sanitation (Goal 6), and affordable and clean energy (Goal 7) in the shared blueprint for people and planet’s future.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Public Policy
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/4qg7-e713
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1271246
ISSN:: 2296-6463
Journal Title:: Frontiers in Earth Science
Journal Volume:: 11
Keyword:: global climate change, mitigation and adaptation, trilemma, global sustainability, and Food-Energy-Water nexus
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Chongqing University, Shandong University, Jiangnan University, and
Person:: Hong J., Zhong H., Peng X., Chen H., and Song K.
Publisher:: Frontiers Media SA
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: a6eba28a-374b-4e8c-a2a7-58622ab3acbb

14. The Air Pollution Human Health Burden in Different Future Scenarios That Involve the Mitigation of Near-Term Climate Forcers, Climate and Land-Use

Title Tesim:: The Air Pollution Human Health Burden in Different Future Scenarios That Involve the Mitigation of Near-Term Climate Forcers, Climate and Land-Use
Creator:: West J.J., Reddington C.L., Turnock S.T., and O’Connor F.M.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Elevated surface concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to poor air quality and detrimental impacts on human health. These pollutants are also termed Near-Term Climate Forcers (NTCFs) as they can also influence the Earth's radiative balance on timescales shorter than long-lived greenhouse gases. Here we use the Earth system model, UKESM1, to simulate the change in surface ozone and PM2.5 concentrations from different NTCF mitigation scenarios, conducted as part of the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). These are then combined with relative risk estimates and projected changes in population demographics, to estimate the mortality burden attributable to long-term exposure to ambient air pollution. Scenarios that involve the strong mitigation of air pollutant emissions yield large future benefits to human health (25%), particularly across Asia for black carbon (7%), when compared to the future reference pathway. However, if anthropogenic emissions follow the reference pathway, then impacts to human health worsen over South Asia in the short term (11%) and across Africa (20%) in the longer term. Future climate change impacts on air pollutants can offset some of the health benefits achieved by emission mitigation measures over Europe for PM2.5 and East Asia for ozone. In addition, differences in the future chemical environment over regions are important considerations for mitigation measures to achieve the largest benefit to human health. Future policy measures to mitigate climate warming need to also consider the impact on air quality and human health across different regions to achieve the maximum co-benefits.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/qncx-s392
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2023GH000812
ISSN:: 2471-1403
Journal Issue:: 8
Journal Title:: GeoHealth
Journal Volume:: 7
Keyword:: air quality, air pollutants, human health, and climate change
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: , University of Leeds, and University of Exeter
Person:: West J.J., Reddington C.L., Turnock S.T., and O’Connor F.M.
Publisher:: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Source:: c1067b97-2593-4162-a07c-3ba06d163b81

15. A joint spatial factor analysis model to accommodate data from misaligned areal units with application to Louisiana social vulnerability

Title Tesim:: A joint spatial factor analysis model to accommodate data from misaligned areal units with application to Louisiana social vulnerability
Creator:: Kwok, R.K., Sandler, D.P., Nethery, R.C., Zhao, S., and Engel, L.S.
Date of publication:: 2019
Abstract Tesim:: With the threat of climate change looming, the public health community has an interest in identifying communities at the highest risk of devastation based not only on geographic features but also on social characteristics. Indices of community social vulnerability can be created by applying a spatial factor analysis to a set of relevant social variables measured for each community; however, current spatial factor analysis methodology is ill-equipped to handle spatially misaligned data.We introduce a joint spatial factor analysis model that can accommodate spatial data from two distinct partitions of a geographic space and identify a common set of latent factors underlying them. By defining the latent factors over the intersection of the two partitions, the model minimizes loss of information. Using simulated data constructed to mimic the spatial structure of our real data, we confirm the reliability of the model and demonstrate its superiority over competing ad hoc methods for dealing with misaligned data in spatial factor analysis. Finally, we construct an index of community social vulnerability for each census tract in Louisiana, a state prone to environmental disasters, which could be exacerbated by climate change, by applying the joint spatial factor analysis model to a set of misaligned social indicator data from the state. To demonstrate the utility of this index, we integrate it with Louisiana flood insurance claims data to identify communities that may be at particularly high risk during natural disasters, based on both social and geographic features.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/5cje-y683
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biostatistics/kxy016
ISSN:: 1465-4644
Journal Issue:: 3
Journal Title:: Biostatistics
Journal Volume:: 20
Keyword:: Social vulnerability, Spatial factor analysis, Louisiana, Climate change, Social indicators, and Spatial misalignment
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Harvard University, and
Page End:: 484
Page Start:: 468
Person:: Kwok, R.K., Sandler, D.P., Nethery, R.C., Zhao, S., and Engel, L.S.
Publisher:: Oxford University Press
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 18364679-e529-4bc8-a054-dbbfc2d63006

16. Environmental Heat Exposure and Heat-Related Symptoms in United States Coast Guard Deepwater Horizon Disaster Responders

Title Tesim:: Environmental Heat Exposure and Heat-Related Symptoms in United States Coast Guard Deepwater Horizon Disaster Responders
Creator:: Schwartz, E.G., Christenbury, K., Erickson, E.A., Weems, L., Rusiecki, J.A., and Engel, L.S.
Date of publication:: 2019
Abstract Tesim:: The response to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill was impacted by heat. We evaluated the association between environmental heat exposure and self-reported heat-related symptoms in US Coast Guard Deepwater Horizon disaster responders.Methods Utilizing climate data and postdeployment survey responses from 3648 responders, we assigned heat exposure categories based on both wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and heat index (HI) measurements (median, mean, maximum). We calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) via adjusted Poisson regression models with robust error variance to estimate associations with reported heat-related symptoms. We also evaluated the association between use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and heat-related symptoms.Results Those in the highest WBGT median-based heat exposure category had increased prevalence of heat-related symptoms compared to those in the lowest category (PR=2.22 [95% CI: 1.61, 3.06]), and there was a significant exposure-response trend (P<.001). Results were similar for exposure categories based on WBGT and HI metrics. Analyses stratified by use of PPE found significantly stronger associations between environmental heat exposure and heat-related symptoms in those who did not use PPE (PR=2.23 [95% CI: 1.10, 4.51]) than in those who did (PR=1.64 [95% CI: 1.14, 2.36]).Conclusions US Coast Guard Deepwater Horizon disaster responders who experienced higher levels of environmental heat had higher prevalences of heat-related symptoms. These symptoms may impact health, safety, and mission effectiveness. As global climate change increases the frequency of disasters and weather extremes, actions must be taken to prevent heat-related health impacts among disaster responders.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/xnxt-qg36
Edition:: Postprint
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.120
ISSN:: 1935-7893
Journal Issue:: 3
Journal Title:: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness
Journal Volume:: 13
Keyword:: Deepwater Horizon, heat exposure, disaster response, heat illness, and oil spill response
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Direct. of Health, Safety and Work Life Coast Guard, Social and Scientific Systems, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Army Corps of Engineers, and
Page End:: 569
Page Start:: 561
Person:: Schwartz, E.G., Christenbury, K., Erickson, E.A., Weems, L., Rusiecki, J.A., and Engel, L.S.
Publisher:: Cambridge University Press
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 2e940330-84ed-4707-a99f-6512cea843d4

17. Effects of Nutrient Availability on the Thermal Optima and Sensitivities of Galápagos Seaweeds

Title Tesim:: Effects of Nutrient Availability on the Thermal Optima and Sensitivities of Galápagos Seaweeds
Creator:: Capone, Haley Elizabeth
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Thermal sensitivity in ectothermic organisms is highly context-dependent and may explain the varied responses to climate change among species and with ambient environmental conditions. As such, there is renewed interest to examine the potential combined effects of local factors (i.e., nutrients) and global temperature on thermal biology. This study was conducted to determine whether nutrients influence the thermal optima and sensitivities (estimated as the Topt, and slope values E and Eh, respectively) of four genera of Galápagos seaweeds (Padina, Caulerpa, Ulva, and Ochtodes) through estimating thermal performance curves for respiration (R) and net photosynthesis (NP). The thermal optimum varied substantially across taxa (27.6-36 °C) and was enhanced ~2 °C under nutrient additions in Padina and Caulerpa genera. Ulva spp. displayed reduced sensitivity to higher temperatures under enrichment. Lastly, NP across taxa showed lower optimal temperatures than R, suggesting further warming could reduce primary productivity, with potentially far-reaching implications for marine food webs.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Biology
Degree:: Master of Science
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: e4f18c6c-af12-465e-bbf2-541316aa16e2
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/wpfe-8942
Graduation Year:: 2023
Keyword:: climate change, seaweeds, Ecology, ecophysiology, marine ecology, and marine conservation
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: McCoy, Sophie J., Bruno, John F., Brandt, Margarita, and Capone, Haley Elizabeth

18. COMPETITIVE AND METABOLIC STRATEGIES OF MARINE BACTERIA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON OCEAN ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

Title Tesim:: COMPETITIVE AND METABOLIC STRATEGIES OF MARINE BACTERIA AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON OCEAN ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
Creator:: Sharpe, Garrett Christopher
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Marine bacterial communities play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other elements in the global ocean. Cyanobacteria photosynthesize, fixing carbon that forms the basis of the marine food web. Heterotrophic bacteria in turn metabolize fixed carbon compounds for energy and secondary production (generation of new heterotrophic bacterial biomass), remineralizing it to carbon dioxide that will eventually be released back into the atmosphere. The interplay between these autotrophic and heterotrophic processes determines whether atmospheric carbon is exported to the deep ocean. Thus, understanding this interplay with model organisms and complex natural marine bacterial communities is important for carbon cycle modeling as climate change alters marine ecosystems. This dissertation combines culturing, traditional genetics, and bioinformatics techniques to better understand the roles of bacterial species, genera, and families in carbon cycling. I used co-culture and traditional genetics to describe an interbacterial killing phenotype in the coastal generalist Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3, which allows other researchers using this model organism for carbon metabolism studies to design their experiments with this phenotype factored into the design. I used quantitative metagenomics to assemble two new Synechococcus genomes from the iron-limited Northeast Pacific. My analysis of these genomes revealed the apparent gene loss of a major nitrogen assimilation pathway that not only could restrict this genus’ ability to contribute to new primary production in this region, but also is likely relevant in several other iron-limited regions of the global ocean. Finally, I employed quantitative metagenomics and metatranscriptomics in a Northeastern Atlantic dissolved organic carbon incubation experiment to calculate bacterial community growth rates on DOC at the family, genus, and species level. These growth rates were used to identify key taxa n DOC remineralization, and metatranscriptome read mapping to these key players provided clues as to what compounds could have been fueling their growth. Overall, this dissertation uses a variety of genetic and genomic techniques to improve our understanding of multiple aspects of marine microbial community dynamics, from inter-species competition to autotrophic primary productivity to heterotrophic secondary productivity.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Curriculum in Environment and Ecology
Degree:: Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: e4f18c6c-af12-465e-bbf2-541316aa16e2
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/0seb-qs25
Graduation Year:: 2023
Keyword:: metabolism, Bioinformatics, cyanobacteria, nitrogen, roseobacter, carbon, Ecology, competition, and Microbiology
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Septer, Alecia N, Durham, Bryndan P, Marchetti, Adrian, Gifford, Scott M, Suria, Andrea M, and Sharpe, Garrett Christopher

19. Exposure to climate and vulnerability to food insecurity in Ethiopia

Title Tesim:: Exposure to climate and vulnerability to food insecurity in Ethiopia
Creator:: Ghebremicael, Sara
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Food insecurity is increasing in severity, with more than two billion people experiencing a lack of nutritious and affordable food. Research in climate change and food systems has generally emphasized crop production and child anthropometric outcomes, with limited focus on the complex linkages between climate variability, household food security, and gender. This paper examines the impacts of climate on diet diversity and coping mechanisms by drawing on nationally representative longitudinal data from Ethiopia through the Living Standards Measurement Surveys – Intensive Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) and multiple measures of food insecurity to address vulnerability and resilience. To measure climate exposures, high- resolution data on rainfall and heat shocks from UCSB’s CHIRPS and CHIRTSmax will be used at a 5km climate grid (0.05o). A regression of food security outcomes as a function of climate anomalies, gender, controls, and interactions will be used to directly measure inequities across households and vulnerability to food insecurity.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Geography
Degree:: Master of Arts
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: e4f18c6c-af12-465e-bbf2-541316aa16e2
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/xeqg-x154
Graduation Year:: 2023
Keyword:: Climate change, Social research, Household Vulnerability, Gender, Food Security, and Climate Change
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Randell, Heather, Wise, Erika, Gray, Clark , and Ghebremicael, Sara

20. Variation in thermal sensitivity among coral genotypes, species, and habitats: Implications for improved restoration

Title Tesim:: Variation in thermal sensitivity among coral genotypes, species, and habitats: Implications for improved restoration
Creator:: Gould, Katelyn Jean
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Global climate change has rapidly altered marine systems, resulting in negative impacts on tropical reef-building corals around the globe. As the leading driver of coral bleaching, ocean warming disrupts the mutualistic relationship between reef-building corals and their algal symbionts (Symbiodinaceae) in a process known as coral bleaching. During periods of elevated sea temperatures corals expel their symbionts causing declines in metabolic and physiological function. Mass bleaching events deteriorate coral reefs, reducing the ecosystem services they provide including foundational habitat which host 32 of 34 recognized marine phyla of the ocean’s biodiversity, impacts on reef fisheries, physically protecting coasts from storms by reducing erosion, and elevates economic income of coastal communities. To reduce the impacts of warming, conservationists are attempting to protect and revitalize these systems by identifying resilient reefs. The goal is then to enhance coral abundance and preserve coral genetic variation with coral farming, and related restoration efforts. These activities are relatively new and identifying resilient corals and refining coral restoration techniques are only just beginning. Identifying how different coral species respond to restoration activities and their responses to temperature in general is critical in understanding coral persistence in the future. This dissertation examines the effect temperature has on coral survival, metabolism, and physiology from three conservation perspectives to enhance restoration methodologies in Caribbean and north Atlantic coral ecosystems. In Chapter 1, I identified a potential thermal refuge habitat in Bermuda by comparing thermal tolerance, optima, and sensitivities of four coral species from shallow and upper-mesophotic reef habitats. In Chapter 2, I used metabolic thermal performance curves (respiration and gross photosynthesis) to assess the effectiveness of stress-mediating interventions to alter thermal performance during heat stress, for use in coral farming. The results from this work highlight how variation in genotypes can influence metabolic and physiological responses (Acropora cervicornis) to thermal stress. In Chapter 3, I showed how genotypic variation (Orbicella annularis) and environmental interactions are necessary in planning and understanding the success of coral restoration across environmental gradients. Overall, investigating how corals respond to temperature stress and restoration methodologies are important in predicting the future persistence of corals and identifying successful procedures to enhance coral conservation.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Biology
Degree:: Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: e4f18c6c-af12-465e-bbf2-541316aa16e2
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/qr5q-pp87
Graduation Year:: 2023
Keyword:: Coral Restoration, Local Adaptation, Thermal Performance Curves, Stress-mediation, Coral Transplantation, Wildlife conservation, Ecology, and Physiology
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Kingsolver, Joel, Lohmann, Kenneth, Castillo, Karl, Bruno, John , Goodbody-Gringley, Gretchen, and Gould, Katelyn Jean

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