UNC-Chapel Hill Climate Change Resources // Carolina Digital Repository

Works (753)

21. The control of tropical sea surface temperatures on tropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere

Title Tesim:: The control of tropical sea surface temperatures on tropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere
Creator:: Li, Shuo
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause severe damages (primarily via high winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surge) to coastal communities when making landfall, and their induced damages have been increasing in recent decades, attracting more attention to a better understanding and prediction of TC activity. Given the strong modulation of TCs by their large-scale atmospheric environment that is in turn tied to the variability of tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs), a thorough and in-depth understanding of the connections between TC activity and tropical SSTs is crucial to improving TC prediction. The focus of my dissertation is to provide a comprehensive examination of the modulation of basin-wide TC genesis frequency (TCGF) as well as TC genesis density in the Northern Hemisphere by tropical SSTs using both observations and high-resolution atmospheric simulations from the Database for Policy Decision Making for Future Climate Change (d4PDF) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project (HighResMIP).The first part quantifies the contributions of tropical SST variations, represented by the seven leading modes extracted using the empirical orthogonal function analysis, to the interannual-to-decadal variability in TCGF over the Northern Hemisphere ocean basins. These modes account for approximately 58%, 50%, and 56% of the variance in basin-wide TCGF during 1969–2018 in the North Atlantic (NA), northeast Pacific (NEP), and northwest Pacific (NWP), respectively. In the second part, using both observations and atmospheric simulations from the CMIP6 HighResMIP, we show that El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been playing a substantially increasing role in modulating TCGF in the tropical NA, NEP, and NWP, particularly after the 1990s. In the last part, a large ensemble of high-resolution atmospheric simulations from the d4PDF is employed to characterize the spatial structure and temporal evolution of TC genesis density in the NWP and explore the seasonal evolution of ENSO effect on TC genesis density in this basin. Collectively, my research advances our knowledge of the control of tropical SSTs on TC activity in the Northern Hemisphere, and highlights that faithfully simulating the variations of tropical SSTs is crucial to a reliable prediction and projection of TC activity.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Marine Sciences
Degree:: Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: eec049e2-ee35-410e-ad34-7576fd0965a9
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/43ec-0y51
Graduation Year:: 2023
Keyword:: El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Tropical cyclones, Atmosphere-ocean interaction, Atmospheric sciences, Physical oceanography, Sea surface temperature, Climate variability, Atmospheric simulations, and Meteorology
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Seim, Harvey, Bane, John, Mei, Wei, Mei, Wei , Luettich, Rick, Lackmann, Gary, and Li, Shuo

22. Systemic Financial Risk Arising From Residential Flood Losses

Title Tesim:: Systemic Financial Risk Arising From Residential Flood Losses
Creator:: Zeff, H.B., Characklis, G.W., Sebastian, A., Thomson, H., and Kleiman, R.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Direct damage from flooding at residential properties has typically been categorized as insured, with liabilities accruing to insurers, or uninsured, with costs accruing to property owners. However, residential flooding can also expose lenders and local governments to financial risk, though the distribution of this risk is not well understood. Flood losses are not limited to direct damages, but also include indirect effects such as decreases in property values, which can be substantial, though are rarely well quantified. The combination of direct damage and property value decrease influences rates of mortgage default and property abandonment in the wake of a flood, creating financial risk. In this research, property-level data on sales, mortgages, and insurance claims are used in combination with machine learning techniques and geostatistical methods to provide estimates of flood losses that are then utilized to evaluate the risk of default and abandonment in eastern North Carolina following Hurricane Florence (2018). Within the study area, Hurricane Florence generated $366M in observed insured damages and an estimated $1.77B in combined uninsured damages and property value decreases. Property owners, lenders, and local governments were exposed to an additional $562M in potential losses due to increased rates of default and abandonment. Areas with lower pre-flood property values were exposed to greater risk than areas with higher valued properties. Results suggest more highly resolved estimates of a flooding event's systemic financial risk may be useful in developing improved flood resilience strategies.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/61k6-qv15
Edition:: Postprint
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003206
Journal Issue:: 4
Journal Title:: Earth's Future
Journal Volume:: 11
Keyword:: household decision-making, flood insurance, default risk, property abandonment, local government finance, and financial risk
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Zeff, H.B., Characklis, G.W., Sebastian, A., Thomson, H., and Kleiman, R.
Publisher:: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 7e111804-c2c0-4690-bc73-28d1df521c0f

23. Interplay of gestational parent exposure to ambient air pollution and diet characteristics on preterm birth

Title Tesim:: Interplay of gestational parent exposure to ambient air pollution and diet characteristics on preterm birth
Creator:: Rappazzo, K.M., Hoyo, C., Jardel, H., and Martin, C.L.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Background: Despite many efforts, preterm birth (PTB) is poorly understood and remains a major public health problem in the United States. Toxicological work suggests gestational parent (GP) diet may modify the effect of ambient pollutants on birth outcomes. We assessed risk of PTB in humans in relation to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and variation by diet. Methods: 684 GP-singleton infant pairs in the Newborn Epigenetics Study prospective birth cohort were attributed ambient air pollutant exposures for each trimester based on residence. Total energy intake, percent of energy intake from saturated fat, and percent of energy intake from total fat were dichotomized at the 75th percentile. >We used log binomial regressions to estimate risk ratios (RR (95%CI)) for PTB by pollutant interquartile ranges, adjusting for GP age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, GP race/ethnicity, GP education, season of conception, household income, and each diet factor. We assessed departure from additivity using interaction contrast ratios (ICRs). We addressed missing covariate data with multiple imputation. Results: Point estimates suggest that O3 may be inversely associated with PTB when exposure occurs in trimester 2 (min RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.49), but may be harmful when exposure occurs in trimester 3 (max RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 0.62, 3.64). Additionally, PM2.5 may be inversely associated with PTB when considered with total fat and saturated fat in trimester 2. Imprecise ICRs suggest departure from additivity (evidence of modification) with some pollutant-diet combinations. Conclusions: While confidence intervals are wide, we observed potential modification of pollutant associations by dietary factors. It is imperative that large cohorts collect the required data to examine this topic, as more power is necessary to investigate the nuances suggested by this work.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/c5gp-8783
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15676-x
ISSN:: 1471-2458
Journal Issue:: 1
Journal Title:: BMC Public Health
Journal Volume:: 23
Keyword:: Effect measure modification, Preterm birth, Pollution, and Nutrition
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, North Carolina State University, and
Person:: Rappazzo, K.M., Hoyo, C., Jardel, H., and Martin, C.L.
Publisher:: BioMed Central Ltd
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 13a41a19-9164-4e6f-a4f0-7ec9309ceffb

24. Examining the status of forest fire emission in 2020 and its connection to COVID-19 incidents in West Coast regions of the United States

Title Tesim:: Examining the status of forest fire emission in 2020 and its connection to COVID-19 incidents in West Coast regions of the United States
Creator:: Maiti, A., Bar, S., Sannigrahi, S., kaparwan, A., Zhang, Q., Pilla, F., Keesstra, S., Cerda, A., and Bhatt, S.
Date of publication:: 2022
Abstract Tesim:: Forest fires impact on soil, water, and biota resources. The current forest fires in the West Coast of the United States (US) profoundly impacted the atmosphere and air quality across the ecosystems and have caused severe environmental and public health burdens. Forest fire led emissions could significantly exacerbate the air pollution level and, therefore, would play a critical role if the same occurs together with any epidemic and pandemic health crisis. Limited research is done so far to examine its impact in connection to the current pandemic. As of October 21, nearly 8.2 million acres of forest area were burned, with more than 25 casualties reported so far. In-situ air pollution data were utilized to examine the effects of the 2020 forest fire on atmosphere and coronavirus (COVID-19) casualties. The spatial-temporal concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) were collected from August 1 to October 30 for 2020 (the fire year) and 2019 (the reference year). Both spatial (Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression) and non-spatial (Negative Binomial Regression) analyses were performed to assess the adverse effects of fire emission on human health. The in-situ data-led measurements showed that the maximum increases in PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations (μg/m3) were clustered in the West Coastal fire-prone states during August 1 – October 30, 2020. The average concentration (μg/m3) of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and NO2 was increased in all the fire states severely affected by forest fires. The average PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) over the period were recorded as 7.9, 6.3, 5.5, and 5.2 for California, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington in 2019, increasing up to 24.9, 13.4, 25.0, and 17.0 in 2020. Both spatial and non-spatial regression models exhibited a statistically significant association between fire emission and COVID-19 incidents. Such association has been demonstrated robust and stable by a total of 30 models developed for analyzing the spatial non-stationary and local association. More in-depth research is needed to better understand the complex relationship between forest fire emission and human health.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Geography
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/h8r3-wh67
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.112818
ISSN:: 0013-9351
Journal Title:: Environmental Research
Journal Volume:: 210
Keyword:: Spatial models, Forest fire, Air pollution, Nitrogen dioxide, Hazard, and COVID-19
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Vidyasagar University, Central University of Jharkhand, University College Dublin Richview, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, , Wageningen University & Research, Valencia University, and Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Person:: Maiti, A., Bar, S., Sannigrahi, S., kaparwan, A., Zhang, Q., Pilla, F., Keesstra, S., Cerda, A., and Bhatt, S.
Publisher:: Elsevier Inc.
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: d28db64b-93c6-40ae-b250-3ba38936a277

25. Emissions redistribution and environmental justice implications of California’s clean vehicle rebate project

Title Tesim:: Emissions redistribution and environmental justice implications of California’s clean vehicle rebate project
Creator:: Mejía-Duwan, Jaye, Hino, Miyuki, and Mach, Katharine J.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Vehicle electrification is expected to reduce, in aggregate, emissions of greenhouse gases and criteria air pollutants. However, increased electricity generation to support new electric vehicles introduces possible redistribution of point-source emissions from mobile vehicles to electric generating units such that emissions may decrease in some locations and increase in others, with implications for equity. The potential for vehicle electrification to thereby shift the spatial distribution of air-pollution burdens has been previously noted, but analyses have yet to evaluate specific implemented climate policies. Here, we develop a model to analyze the implications of California’s Clean Vehicle Rebate Project (CVRP) for emissions of greenhouse gases and criteria air pollutants, both in aggregate and in their distribution. Analyzing rebates for 2010–2021, we find that the CVRP reduced aggregate statewide emissions of CO2, NOX, and SO2 and increased aggregate statewide emissions of primary PM2.5. Furthermore, changes in air pollution are not distributed equally: our results indicate that, as a result of the CVRP, net primary PM2.5, NOX, and SO2 emissions reductions disproportionately occur in Least Disadvantaged Communities, as compared to Disadvantaged Communities, with community disadvantage defined according to CalEnviroScreen 4.0 per California legislation. If the current spatial distribution of electric vehicle rebates remains unchanged, we project that these inequities will continue through the state’s legislative goal of 1.5 million zero-emission vehicles on California roadways by 2025, even with increased cleanliness of the electricity sources for new vehicles. Increased uptake of electric vehicles in communities facing the highest air pollution exposure, along with accelerated clean-energy generation, could ameliorate associated environmental inequities.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of City and Regional Planning
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/xdhh-ky71
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000183
ISSN:: 2767-3200
Journal Issue:: 5
Journal Title:: PLOS Climate
Journal Volume:: 2
Keyword:: California, Census, Power grids, Air pollution, Alternative energy, Schools, Greenhouse gases, and Electricity
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: University of California, Berkeley, , and University of Miami
Page Start:: e0000183
Person:: Mejía-Duwan, Jaye, Hino, Miyuki, and Mach, Katharine J.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 5fd571a4-c09e-4566-82dc-403dc8853d31

26. Climate change and the aquatic continuum: A cyanobacterial comeback story

Title Tesim:: Climate change and the aquatic continuum: A cyanobacterial comeback story
Creator:: Bullerjahn, G.S., Zepernick, B.N., Paerl, H.W., and Wilhelm, S.W.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Billions of years ago, the Earth's waters were dominated by cyanobacteria. These microbes amassed to such formidable numbers, they ushered in a new era—starting with the Great Oxidation Event—fuelled by oxygenic photosynthesis. Throughout the following eon, cyanobacteria ceded portions of their global aerobic power to new photoautotrophs with the rise of eukaryotes (i.e. algae and higher plants), which co-existed with cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems. Yet while cyanobacteria's ecological success story is one of the most notorious within our planet's biogeochemical history, scientists to this day still seek to unlock the secrets of their triumph. Now, the Anthropocene has ushered in a new era fuelled by excessive nutrient inputs and greenhouse gas emissions, which are again reshaping the Earth's biomes. In response, we are experiencing an increase in global cyanobacterial bloom distribution, duration, and frequency, leading to unbalanced, and in many instances degraded, ecosystems. A critical component of the cyanobacterial resurgence is the freshwater-marine continuum: which serves to transport blooms, and the toxins they produce, on the premise that “water flows downhill”. Here, we identify drivers contributing to the cyanobacterial comeback and discuss future implications in the context of environmental and human health along the aquatic continuum. This Minireview addresses the overlooked problem of the freshwater to marine continuum and the effects of nutrients and toxic cyanobacterial blooms moving along these waters. Marine and freshwater research have historically been conducted in isolation and independently of one another. Yet, this approach fails to account for the interchangeable transit of nutrients and biology through and between these freshwater and marine systems, a phenomenon that is becoming a major problem around the globe. This Minireview highlights what we know and the challenges that lie ahead.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute of Marine Sciences
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/j9r9-y106
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.13122
Journal Issue:: 1
Journal Title:: Environmental Microbiology Reports
Journal Volume:: 15
Keyword:: Climate Change, physiology, Ecosystem, photosynthesis, microbiology, Cyanobacteria, Humans, fresh water, climate change, ecosystem, cyanobacterium, Photosynthesis, Fresh Water, and human
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Bowling Green State University, University of Tennessee Knoxville, and
Page End:: 12
Page Start:: 3
Person:: Bullerjahn, G.S., Zepernick, B.N., Paerl, H.W., and Wilhelm, S.W.
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: bd877c94-4737-43e6-9409-95ca56da61e9

27. SPRAWL: A Podcast about Sustainability and the Natural World that Exists Between the Sidewalk Cracks

Title Tesim:: SPRAWL: A Podcast about Sustainability and the Natural World that Exists Between the Sidewalk Cracks
Creator:: Turner, Zachary
Date of publication:: April 28, 2023
Abstract Tesim:: We're all familiar with the Great Outdoors, but what about the little outdoors between the cracks in our sidewalk. In the city, we cultivate nature in vacant lots, on rooftops, and even circulate it through the vents in our apartments. The UN estimated that 82% of the population in North America lives in urban areas in 2018, despite only taking up 3.6% of the total land in the contiguous US. That means most Americans get their daily dose of nature in parks, greenways, and the little pockets of green that sprout throughout our vast urban sprawl. SPRAWL is a podcast about urban natural spaces that asks a simple question: What does a sustainable city look like? Because let’s face it: Even though these cities take up very little space, they create a lot of problems for the environment. The UN estimates that cities use 78% of the world’s energy and are responsible for over 60% of global greenhouse emissions. During the next few months, I will report on urban agriculture, foraging and agroforestry, and urban wetlands to produce three 10–15-minute episodes. I will host interviews with experts and activists who understand how our relationship with these natural spaces has changed. I will produce these interviews and scenes along with music and samples to not only explain each topic, but tell a story about the cities we live in. When you’re talking about a small fraction of land that produces most the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, every block matters. But the first step to a sustainable future is understanding what our unsustainable present looks like, what projects are happening now, and the many pathways our cities could take in the future. SPRAWL will transport audiences to these natural spaces.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Hussman School of Journalism and Media
Degree:: Master of Arts
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/dy14-xy48
Graduation Year:: 2023
Keyword:: Health & environmental sciences, Investigative Journalism , and audio journalism
Language Label:: English
License Label:: All rights reserved
Note:: This thesis includes an audio component that will be made available at Park Library.
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: and WUNC
Person:: Hochberg, Adam, Pellicer, Laura, Ruel, Laura, and Turner, Zachary
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Subject:: Interactive multimedia

28. Examining Fossil Mercenaria Species in a Cold Versus Warm Climate Context Using Morphometrics

Title Tesim:: Examining Fossil Mercenaria Species in a Cold Versus Warm Climate Context Using Morphometrics
Creator:: Medlin, Alexander
Date of publication:: April 28, 2023
Abstract Tesim:: As the Earth gets warmer, understanding how global warming affects various organisms, including economically and ecologically important bivalves, has never been more important. Environmental conditions may contribute to the variation in shape and size of clam shells of the same species among different habitats. Morphometrics is a powerful tool used to measure and compare biological shape and structure of multiple samples and species based on different biotic or abiotic factors. This study compares the shape of fossil Mercenaria shells from different paleoclimate states and latitudes (the Mid-Pliocene Warm Interval and early Pleistocene cooling in North Carolina and Florida) to investigate whether climate change influences shape change. Shape is measured on all samples using landmarks and size of physical features on the shell. Based on the results from Analysis of Variance tests on landmarks and length measurements, there is significant shape differences between populations of different geologic age and low (Florida) versus mid latitude (North Carolina). The results from Principal Components Analyses suggest certain physical features on Mercenaria shells have a significant impact on shape variation among populations. Pallial sinus length appears to be particularly distinct among populations and is likely influenced by temperature, together with other several other ecological factors. Future tests will test alternative hypotheses related to ecological factors, such as sediment type. Keywords: Morphometrics, Mercenaria spp., paleoclimate, latitude, Mid-Pliocene Warm Interval, early Pleistocene, shape, landmarks
Resource type:: Honors Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences
Degree:: Bachelor of Science
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/cgrm-8h29
Graduation Year:: 2023
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Surge, Donna and Medlin, Alexander
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

29. Measuring the Emergency of "Ghost Forests" From 1986 to 2016 and Their Enviro-Cultural Impacts on the Communities of Down East, North Carolina, USA

Title Tesim:: Measuring the Emergency of "Ghost Forests" From 1986 to 2016 and Their Enviro-Cultural Impacts on the Communities of Down East, North Carolina, USA
Creator:: Peck, Kaitlin
Date of publication:: April 25, 2023
Abstract Tesim:: As sea level rises and severe precipitation increases, water encroaches further inland, bringing saltwater intrusion with it. As a result, younger trees and germinants die off first, stopping the regeneration of the following tree population. Older trees die off next, giving way to the emergence of “ghost forests” that are often a key indicator of the transition point between healthy trees and migrating salt marshes and a key indicator of underlying climate change threats to the region.. In this paper, the impacts of ghost forests are studied in Down East, a culturally-rich peninsula of thirteen communities spread throughout the North Carolinian marshes that share a common identity in living at the water’s edge. GIS analysis of the area was conducted using Landsat imagery of Carteret County, NC and the Down East communities, calculating NDVI value band math to find a change in land coverage and greenness values over time from 1986 to 2016 for the overall county area, which were then reclassified and extrapolated in order to see changes in county forests as this rapid deforestation phenomenon occurs. The results of the analysis suggest that there are growing developments of ghost forests around the Otway, Smyrna, and Gloucester communities, which stand as indicators of greater issues of saltwater intrusion and climate change as a whole.
Resource type:: Honors Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Sociology and Environment, Ecology, and Energy Program - Environmental Science
Degree:: Bachelor of Science
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/m3jc-5167
Graduation Year:: 2023
Language Label:: English
ORCID:: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-9684 and https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-5894
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Frankenberg, Elizabeth and Peck, Kaitlin
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

30. State of Knowledge: Energy Access in Zambia

Title Tesim:: State of Knowledge: Energy Access in Zambia
Creator:: Energy Poverty PIRE in Southern Africa (EPPSA)
Date of publication:: April 19, 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Household electricity access is increasing; electricity access in urban areas (82%) is much greater than in rural areas (14%). The Rural Electrification Authority (REA) is increasing electricity access in rural areas by expanding the grid and implementing off-grid solar projects. Biomass is the primary cooking fuel in most Zambian households in both urban (charcoal) and rural (fuelwood) areas. The Rural Electrification Act of 2003 created the Rural Electrification Authority, with ambition to increase electrification to 51% of rural households by 2030. >80% of Zambia’s electricity is generated from hydropower; in the short term, the Government of Zambia is diversifying generation sources with coal (11% of power generation). Zambia has immense potential for power generation through solar, wind, geothermal, coal and further hydropower development Zambia is a net energy exporter through the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP); the magnitude of cross-border biomass trade is poorly documented. Charcoal use has increased over the past 30 years and is expected to continue to rise as Zambia rapidly urbanizes. Kerosene use has effectively stopped, with significant drop-off since 2010. After residential use, the mining industry is the greatest consumer of energy. More data are needed to understand energy access and demand among schools and health care facilities. Zambia has released three National Energy Policy documents (1994, 2008, and 2019); the Ministry of Energy released the Integrated Resource Plan in 2021. The current energy agenda in Zambia is focused on diversifying the nation’s energy sector and ensuring equitable access to clean and renewable energy sources for all populations in Zambia. There are a wide range of stakeholders involved in the energy space in Zambia: government agencies and utilities, international aid organizations, NGOs, and private sector firms. In recent years, with the establishment of the Office for Promoting Private Power Investment, the Integrated Resource Plan, and Eighth National Development Plan, the government of Zambia has worked to integrate the efforts of all stakeholders towards their 2030 development goals in the energy sector. Hydropower, the main source of electricity generation in Zambia, is vulnerable to climate events (droughts, floods) that affect the reliability of water flowing through dam. Biomass reliance impacts deforestation and carbon stocks and biomass combustion contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Zambia is addressing vulnerabilities to and impacts on climate change through the 2016 National Climate Change Policy. There are a range of data sources available on energy use and supply in Zambia including household surveys and spatial data sets. The average number of academic publications on energy in Zambia has increased rapidly over the past 5 years.
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Carolina Population Center
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/6y9z-a985
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Energy Poverty PIRE in Southern Africa (EPPSA)
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

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