UNC-Chapel Hill Climate Change Resources // Carolina Digital Repository

Works (753)

711. The Impacts of Short-Lived Ozone Precursors on Climate and Air Quality

Title Tesim:: The Impacts of Short-Lived Ozone Precursors on Climate and Air Quality
Creator:: Fry, Meridith McGee
Date Created:: February 14, 2015
Date of publication:: August 2013
Abstract Tesim:: Human emissions of short-lived ozone precursors not only degrade air quality and health, but indirectly affect climate via chemical effects on ozone, methane, and aerosols. Some have advocated for short-lived air pollutants in near-term climate mitigation strategies, in addition to national air quality programs, but their radiative forcing (RF) impacts are uncertain and vary based on emission location. In this work, global chemical transport modeling is combined with radiative transfer modeling to study the impacts of regional ozone precursor emissions (NOx, CO, and NMVOCs) on climate, via changes in ozone, methane, and sulfate, and on regional and global air quality. The first study evaluates NOx, CO, and NMVOC emission reductions from four regions across an ensemble of models, finding that NMVOC and CO reductions from all four regions cool climate (negative RF) by decreasing ozone and methane, while improving air quality. NOx and NMVOC global warming potentials (GWPs), a measure of the relative radiative effects of individual climate forcers, vary strongly among regions, while CO GWPs show less variability. The second and third studies investigate further the RF and air quality impacts of CO and NMVOC emission reductions from 10 world regions. The greatest benefits to RF and air quality (per unit emissions) are achieved by CO reductions from the tropics, due to more active photochemistry and convection. CO GWPs are fairly independent of the reduction region (GWP20: 3.71 to 4.37; GWP100: 1.26 to 1.44), while NMVOC GWPs are more variable (GWP20: -1.13 to 18.9; GWP100: 0.079 to 6.05). Accounting for additional forcings from CO and NMVOC emissions would likely change RF and GWP estimates. Regionally-specific GWPs for NOx and NMVOCs and a globally-uniform GWP for CO may allow these gases to be included in a multi-gas emissions trading framework, and enable comprehensive strategies for meeting climate and air quality goals simultaneously. Future research could investigate full climate responses using coupled chemistry-climate models, and perform regional analyses of specific emission control measures to maximize climate and air quality benefits.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
Degree:: Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Deposit Record:: 6e197fa0-ddbd-495a-93cc-8c97b54922e4
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/2scg-a733
Graduation Year:: 2013
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: West, J. Jason and Fry, Meridith McGee
Publisher:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

712. Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change

Title Tesim:: Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change
Creator:: Valdivia-Acosta, Abel
Date Created:: April 22, 2015
Date of publication:: December 2014
Abstract Tesim:: Coral reefs are threatened worldwide due to local stressors such as overfishing, pollution, and diseases outbreaks, as well as global impacts such as ocean warming. The persistence of this ecosystem will depend, in part, on addressing local impacts since humanity is failing to control climate change. However, we need a better understanding of how protection from local stressors decreases the susceptibility of reef corals to the effects of climate change across large-spatial scales. My dissertation research evaluates the effects of overfishing on coral reefs under local and global impacts to determine changes in ecological processes across geographical scales. First, as large predatory reef fishes have drastically declined due to fishing, I reconstructed natural baselines of predatory reef fish biomass in the absence of human activities accounting for environmental variability across Caribbean reefs. I found that baselines were variable and site specific; but that contemporary predatory fish biomass was 80-95% lower than the potential carrying capacity of most reef areas, even within marine reserves. Second, I examined the effect of current native predatory reef fishes on controlling the invasion of Pacific lionfish across the Caribbean. Native predators and lionfish abundance were not related, even when predatory capacity was relatively high within certain marine reserves. Third, as herbivorous fishes may facilitate coral recovery after warming events by controlling competitive macroalgae, I evaluated whether major benthic groups, such as hard corals, crustose coralline algae, and macroalgae, were associated with these fish assemblages across Caribbean and Pacific reefs. Although, macroalgae abundance was negatively related to herbivorous fishes across geographical regions, contemporary coral cover showed no association with herbivores abundance after a recent history of thermal stress. Finally, I analyzed the relationship between ~30 years of thermal stress anomalies and coral assemblages in the Caribbean and suggest that recent warming has partially promoted a shift in coral-community composition across the region that compromise reef functionality. My dissertation research highlights the complex interactions among functional groups in coral reefs, local stressors, and environmental variability across geographical scales, and provides novel insights to reevaluate conservation strategies for this ecosystem in a rapidly changing world.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Access Right:: There are no restrictions to this item.
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Biology
Degree:: Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: a491cfb1-27c7-4ff4-80a3-d92ba160e040
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/51fd-1658
Graduation Year:: 2014
Identifier:: ValdiviaAcosta_unc_0153D_15057.pdf
Keyword:: climate change, overfishing, reef fish, Caribbean, coral reef, and predatory reef fish
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Peterson, Charles, Layman, Craig, Baum, Julia, Hurlbert, Allen, Bruno, John, and Valdivia-Acosta, Abel
Place of Publication:: Chapel Hill, NC
Publisher:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Subject:: Macroecology, Ecology, and Biology

713. Anthropogenic Controls on Overwash Deposition: Evidence and Consequences

Title Tesim:: Anthropogenic Controls on Overwash Deposition: Evidence and Consequences
Creator:: Rogers, Laura
Date Created:: August 25, 2015
Date of publication:: May 2015
Abstract Tesim:: Accelerated sea-level rise and potential future increases in storminess due to climate change will threaten the vitality of barrier islands by lowering their relative elevation and altering overwash frequency. High-density development may further increase island vulnerability by restricting delivery of overwash to the subaerial island. I analyzed pre- and post-Hurricane Sandy (2012) LiDAR surveys of the New Jersey coast to assess human influence. I compared natural environments to two developed environments (commercial and residential) using shore-perpendicular topographic profiles. The volume of overwash delivered to residential and commercial areas is reduced by 40% and 90%, respectively, of that delivered to the natural environment. I use this analysis and an exploratory barrier island evolution model to assess long-term impacts of anthropogenic structures. Simulations suggest natural barrier islands may persist under a range of likely future sea-level rise scenarios (7–13 mm/yr) whereas developed barrier islands will have a long-term tendency toward drowning.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Access Right:: There are no restrictions to this item.
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Geological Sciences
Degree:: Master of Science
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: d8239f92-4a65-4686-8df8-8f4f4303e426
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/0nhk-3376
Graduation Year:: 2015
Identifier:: Rogers_unc_0153M_15496.pdf
Keyword:: Climate change impacts, Sea-level rise, LiDAR, Barrier islands, and Human impacts
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Rodriguez, Antonio, Moore, Laura, Pavelsky, Tamlin, and Rogers, Laura
Place of Publication:: Chapel Hill, NC
Publisher:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Subject:: Geomorphology

714. Synoptic climatology of northwest flow snowfall in the southern Appalachians

Title Tesim:: Synoptic climatology of northwest flow snowfall in the southern Appalachians
Creator:: Perry, Lester Baker
Date Created:: October 20, 2010
Date of publication:: May 2006
Abstract Tesim:: Snowfall in association with low-level winds out of the northwest is a common occurrence at higher elevations and along windward slopes in the Southern Appalachian Mountains. These northwest flow snow (NWFS) events typically have low temperatures and considerable blowing and drifting snow. Due to the high degree of spatial variability of snowfall and limited ability of numerical models to predict these events, forecasting NWFS remains a challenge. This dissertation analyzes the synoptic climatology of NWFS events in the Southern Appalachians for the period 1950 to 2000. Hourly observations from first-order stations, daily snowfall data from cooperative observer stations, and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data are utilized to identify NWFS events, defined here as snow events with 850 hPa northwest flow (270 to 360 degrees) at the hour of greatest snow extent. Atmospheric fields of temperature, wind, moisture, and associated variables are analyzed for heavy and light snowfalls separately by calculating composite field values and constructing composite plots of the synoptic patterns. The NOAA Hysplit Trajectory Tool is used to calculate 72-hour antecedent upstream air trajectories, and composite trajectories are mapped in a geographic information system (GIS). The sample of events in the trajectory analysis is limited to those with synoptic-scale subsidence, a frequent occurrence with NWFS. Analyses of vertical soundings are coupled with NCEP data to iv determine the synoptic characteristics associated with different air trajectories. Results indicate that NWFS accounts for as much as 56 percent of mean annual snowfall along the higher elevation windward slopes. Heavy NWFS events are tied to higher values of synopticscale ascent and relative humidity in the lower troposphere, as well as lower 500 hPa heights and longer event durations. Additionally, upstream air trajectories with a Great Lakes connection have higher composite mean areal and maximum point snowfall totals along the higher elevation windward slopes than other northwest trajectories. Little Great Lakes influence is noted at lower elevations and on leeward slopes.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Access Right:: Open access
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Geography
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/jyf7-xc14
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Konrad, Charles and Perry, Lester Baker
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

715. Passive Reduction of Methane Emissions from a Hog Waste Lagoon Using a Floating Biofilter System

Title Tesim:: Passive Reduction of Methane Emissions from a Hog Waste Lagoon Using a Floating Biofilter System
Creator:: Broadwater, Katherine
Date Created:: July 5, 2017
Date of publication:: December 2016
Abstract Tesim:: Roughly 9 million hogs reside in NC in confined animal feeding operations, where waste is stored in anaerobic, open-air lagoons. Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas emitted from lagoons, but there are no regulatory standards. This study evaluates the efficacy of passive biofiltration as a low-cost approach to reducing CH4 emissions from lagoons. Methane emission from a representative lagoon averaged 4.2 g m-2 d-1. Laboratory experiments showed that a community of CH4 oxidizing bacteria initially colonizing a Growstone support medium and subsequently suspended over the lagoon surface was capable of oxidizing 25% of emitted CH4. However, <1% of the emitted CH4 from the lagoon was oxidized by the CH4 oxidizing community after field deployment. Laboratory experiments indicated high NH3 sensitivity of the methanotroph community initially colonizing the Growstones. Ammonia is universally emitted in open-air waste storage lagoons, suggesting that a passive biofilter is not viable for mitigating CH4 emissions.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
Degree:: Master of Science
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: 007e317d-8a5a-42ce-b2c5-c1033fc1bb40
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/e5h0-qv79
Graduation Year:: 2016
Keyword:: Biofilter, Lagoon, Environmental science, Methane oxidation, Methane, and Swine
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Walters, Glenn, Stewart, Jill, Whalen, Stephen, and Broadwater, Katherine
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

716. Local Climate Change Adaptation in the United States

Title Tesim:: Local Climate Change Adaptation in the United States
Creator:: Woodruff, Sierra
Date Created:: June 30, 2017
Date of publication:: May 2017
Abstract Tesim:: Communities across the United States are already experiencing climate change including heavier downpours, more frequent flooding, higher temperatures, longer droughts, and more intense wildfires. These impacts illustrate the need for local adaptation, defined as actions to limit the harm of climate change and its impacts. In the last decade, more than 40 municipalities and counties in the United States have created stand-alone adaptation plans. Adaptation plans, which assess local climate change impacts and identify potential strategies to reduce vulnerability, are expected to limit the cost of climate change and help build more resilient communities. Yet there is little empirical understanding of the content or quality of these plans. This dissertation includes three papers that advance the understanding of local adaptation planning in the United States. To identify the strength of adaptation plans and how they could be improved in the future, I used content analysis to evaluate the quality of 44 local adaptation plans in the United States. Plan quality data was combined with secondary data sources to model the relationship between community context and plan quality. I complemented this quantitative analysis with interviews and case studies to understand how uncertainty and coordination, common barriers to adaptation, are managed in local planning processes. The content analysis results suggest that adaptation plans contain numerous types of adaptation strategies but lack key implementation elements, raising concerns about whether plans will translate into on the-ground projects. Planning processes such as funding source, plan author, and whether the plan was formally adopted are important drivers of adaptation plan quality. I also demonstrate that while significant attention has been given to uncertainty in the academic literature, existing tools and approaches are not used in adaptation planning practice. Interview results suggest that practitioners are using other approaches to manage uncertainty such as shifting focus from climate projections in the vulnerability assessment to emphasizing sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Interviewees also stressed the importance of no-regrets strategies and an iterative adaptation process. Adaptation plans are only one of many plans that affect community vulnerability, consequently, it is important for adaptation efforts to be coordination across sectors and scales. Analyzing multiple types of plans in a single community indicate that existing plans often include strategies that align with adaptation efforts. In particular, regional plans and studies support the local plan demonstrating that inter-agency and inter-governmental cooperation is important in enabling and shaping local adaptation programs. When policies from plans are mapped, however, a conflict a clear conflict between redevelopment priorities and adaptation emerges. Land use plans promote redevelopment in hazardous locations, increasing vulnerability. These results provide important insights for practitioners, policymakers, and scientists wanting to improve local climate adaptation planning and action.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Curriculum in Environment and Ecology
Degree:: Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: 82420f4f-484e-46ca-8055-71adf7ebce28
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/4624-sp15
Graduation Year:: 2017
Keyword:: Urban planning, climate change adaptation, uncertainty, coordination, Climate change, plan evaluation, planning, and mainstreaming
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Moore, Laura, Jagger, Pamela, BenDor, Todd, Smith, Gavin, Berke, Philip, and Woodruff, Sierra
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

717. Attitudes, Social Context, and Environmental Behavior: Essays Explaining Voluntary Household Energy Conservation

Title Tesim:: Attitudes, Social Context, and Environmental Behavior: Essays Explaining Voluntary Household Energy Conservation
Creator:: Johnson, Evan
Date Created:: June 30, 2017
Date of publication:: May 2016
Abstract Tesim:: Voluntary behavioral initiatives to promote energy efficiency, green energy, and usage curtailment behavior among households are important components of national and international efforts to meet greenhouse gas emissions targets and to conserve valuable energy resources. The current policy literature, however, is in need of further empirical explanations for why such strategies are effective in some cases but not in others. This dissertation examines the determinants of energy-saving decisions and activities at the household level. Its three empirical essays focus on the attitudinal and social structural characteristics of residential energy users and their influences on multiple types of energy-related behavior. The first essay focuses on the ways in which households assign value to different attributes of their electric utility service. Results show that renters, middle-income, and highly educated respondents demand higher levels of environmental protection and renewable energy options from their electric utility relative to competing service attributes such as affordability and comfort. The study also finds that issue-specific environmental attitudes (such as concern about climate change) and those that invoke a sense of duty toward future generations are more predictive of green service preferences than behavior-specific beliefs. The second essay addresses the well-documented gap between stated attitudes and pro-environmental behavior. Empirical results suggest that general attitudes about energy issues are an indirect rather than a direct cause of energy behavior and that this result depends on the type of behavior under study: The relationship between these general attitudes and behavior is mediated, in some cases, by more specific cognitions such as norms, which reflect the individual’s sense of what individuals and societies ought to do about energy use and related environmental problems. The third essay examines the ways in which different household characteristics influence the decision to enroll in different types of utility-sponsored demand-side management programs. It finds that heavy users of electricity are more likely to participate in time-of-use (TOU) pricing but not in direct load control or energy efficiency audit programs. It also finds that participation increases with home ownership, tenure, and age of housing structure for the load control and TOU programs but not for energy efficiency audits.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Public Policy
Degree:: Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: 0397ae41-eea2-42cb-a5a0-32b1b5be4f01
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/bk85-dd97
Graduation Year:: 2016
Keyword:: Behavioral sciences, Public policy, Environmental policy, Energy policy, Environmental behavior, Conservation, Demand-side management, and Environmental attitudes
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Scott, John, Yates, Andrew, Moulton, Jeremy, Andrews, Richard N. L., Dietz, Thomas, and Johnson, Evan
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

718. A Trajectory Approach to Analyzing the Ingredients Associated with Heavy Winter Storms in Central North Carolina

Title Tesim:: A Trajectory Approach to Analyzing the Ingredients Associated with Heavy Winter Storms in Central North Carolina
Creator:: Fuhrmann, Christopher M.
Date Created:: March 18, 2013
Date of publication:: December 2011
Abstract Tesim:: Winter storms, namely snowstorms and ice storms, are a major hazard and forecasting challenge across central North Carolina. This dissertation employs a trajectory approach to analyze the ingredients (i.e. temperature, moisture, and lift) associated with heavy snowstorms and ice storms that occurred within the Raleigh, NC National Weather Service forecast region from 2000 to 2010. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) tool is used to a calculate 72-hour backward (i.e. upstream) air parcel trajectories from three critical vertical pressure levels at the time and location of heaviest precipitation for each storm. Analysis of composite trajectories reveals the source regions and meteorological properties of air parcels associated with heavy winter storms. Adiabatic and diabatic contributions to air parcel temperature and moisture content are also calculated along each trajectory to assess the physical processes connected with heavy winter precipitation in the region. Comparative and ensemble trajectories are calculated to determine the physical processes that distinguish between precipitation type and intensity and assess the sensitivity of the trajectory calculations to the meteorological input data. A synoptic analysis of geopotential height fields is undertaken to determine those aspects of the large-scale circulation responsible for the back trajectory motions. Results indicate that diabatic warming and cooling contribute significantly to the vertical temperature profile during heavy winter storms and therefore dictate the resulting precipitation type. The main source of diabatic warming is fluxes of sensible and latent heat within the marine atmospheric boundary layer over the Gulf Stream. These fluxes contribute to a warming and moistening of air parcels associated with heavy ice storms. In contrast, heavy snowstorms are characterized by diabatic cooling in the lower troposphere above the marine atmospheric boundary layer. The most significant moisture source for heavy snowfall is the Caribbean Sea, while heavy ice storms entrain moisture from the Gulf of Mexico and Gulf Stream region near the Carolina coast. The details of the trajectory motions and air parcel characteristics have a significant influence on precipitation type and intensity and in many cases these details can be tied to subtle differences in the evolution of the synoptic-scale circulation.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Access Right:: Open access
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Geography
Deposit Record:: 7540c0f0-64a7-4101-9504-4ee8267e06eb
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/rbpw-wt41
Language Label:: English
Note:: "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geography (Climatology)."
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Konrad, Charles and Fuhrmann, Christopher M.
Place of Publication:: Chapel Hill, NC
Publisher:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

719. Spatial and temporal patterns of gastrointestinal illness and their relationship with precipitation across the state of North Carolina

Title Tesim:: Spatial and temporal patterns of gastrointestinal illness and their relationship with precipitation across the state of North Carolina
Creator:: Hartley, Jenna
Date Created:: June 30, 2017
Date of publication:: May 2016
Abstract Tesim:: The quality of drinking water quality in the United States is among the best in the world. Nonetheless, pathogens are present in source waters that are used for drinking water. Water in general and floodwaters specifically can spread pathogens within watersheds by mobilizing pathogens in the environment and transporting them. Previous research has identified a positive association between gastrointestinal illness and meteorological variables, including heavy precipitation. This study analyzes patterns of gastrointestinal illness and their relationship with various demographic variables and precipitation across the state of North Carolina. Results show the strongest demographic relationships between poverty indicators and disease. Moreover, this study identifies increases in the rate of gastrointestinal illness after periods of heavy rainfall. Several geographical clusters of high disease occurrence are identified at the county level, with seven counties across the state showing 300% and greater increases in average rates of ED admissions after heavy rainfall.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
Degree:: Master of Science
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: 421532be-3479-457f-af1a-e26e281a6e08
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/np7z-1y42
Graduation Year:: 2016
Keyword:: precipitation, heavy precipitation, Public health, Climate change, gastrointestinal illness, Geography, and North Carolina
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Konrad, Charles, West, J. Jason, Stewart, Jill, and Hartley, Jenna
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

720. Life on the farm: making North Carolina's agricultural landscape sustainable

Title Tesim:: Life on the farm: making North Carolina's agricultural landscape sustainable
Creator:: Templin, Elizabeth Allen
Date Created:: March 18, 2013
Date of publication:: August 2009
Abstract Tesim:: Since the 1980s, farmers, researchers and activists have questioned the effects on the environment and public health of conventional agriculture, which uses fossil-fuel based agricultural chemicals to produce crops. Although conventional agricultural methods are capable of producing large crop yields with less labor than other methods, research has linked these methods to global warming, harming natural resources and endangering public health. These concerns spurred a sustainable farming movement that is concerned with three pillars of sustainability: environmental health, economic viability and social equity. This thesis, comprising three print articles, explores sustainable farming in North Carolina. First, this thesis studies the economic viability of farming in a profile of an organic farmer. Second, it explores how a community garden teaches individuals about the environment and impacts gardeners' lives. Lastly, this thesis examines a collaborative, sustainable agricultural initiative that fits into a larger effort toward sustainability in the state.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Access Right:: Open access
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Hussman School of Journalism and Media
Deposit Record:: e721041a-6463-4391-9c2c-417bdc4a2373
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/67w0-yb62
Language Label:: English
Note:: "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the School of Journalism and Mass Communication."
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Friedman, Barbara and Templin, Elizabeth Allen
Place of Publication:: Chapel Hill, NC
Publisher:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

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