UNC-Chapel Hill Climate Change Resources // Carolina Digital Repository

Works (784)

771. Adaptation to Climate and Climate Change in Rocky Mountain Butterflies: Morphology, Physiology, and Behavior

Title Tesim:: Adaptation to Climate and Climate Change in Rocky Mountain Butterflies: Morphology, Physiology, and Behavior
Creator:: MacLean, Heidi
Date Created:: June 23, 2015
Date of publication:: May 2015
Abstract Tesim:: Understanding the relative contributions of evolution, plasticity and behavior for local adaptation to climate, and for adaptive responses to recent climate change, is a major challenge for global change biologists. My dissertation explores these issues for Colias butterflies along an elevation gradient. Adults use thermoregulatory behaviors to achieve optimal body temperatures. Past studies show local adaptation in fixed morphological differences in ventral hind-wing melanin and thoracic setal length and a degree of developmental plasticity associated with melanin. My dissertation makes four major contributions. First, reciprocal-transplant and common-garden experiments documented differences in thermal sensitivity for flight initiation between high (C. meadii) and lower (C. eriphyle) elevation species. C. meadii initiated flight at lower body temperatures than C. eriphyle. This result was contrary to expectations that behavior will hinder evolution in fixed physiological differences along climatic gradients. Second, laboratory experiments showed that high-elevation adults had higher survival after heat-shock relative to lower-elevation. In contrast, there were no significant differences in upper thermal limits for eggs from different elevations suggesting the lack of movement did not lead to the evolution of fixed physiological differences in this life stage. Third, I used historic collections of a high-elevation C. meadii to quantify changes over the past 60 years. While mean temperatures during the adult flight have increased significantly, both hind-wing melanin and setal length have also increased. I suggest that this due in part to developmental plasticity; cooler pupal temperature was associated with increased melanin. I propose that this is non-adaptive because pupal temperatures are poor predictors of adult temperatures. Fourth, I quantified seasonal changes in wing melanin for two populations of C. eriphyle. Seasonal change in wing melanin was associated with increases in pupal temperature. In contrast to C. meadii, pupal temperatures were a good predictor of adult flight season temperature for C. eriphyle. Collectively, my results suggest that behavior does not reduce the importance of physiology and morphology in local adaptation to climate, and that potential for adaptive plasticity in high-elevation ectotherms may be strongly limited by variability and unpredictability in seasonal climate.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Access Right:: There are no restrictions to this item.
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Biology
Degree:: Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: ac1edc59-292e-4ee8-ad6e-54131a5dd554
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/2vf9-jf16
Graduation Year:: 2015
Identifier:: MacLean_unc_0153D_15285.pdf
Keyword:: climate change, Colias, thermal limits, flight activity, seasonal polyphenism, and melanin
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Dunn, Rob, Buckley, Lauren, Burch, Christina L., Kingsolver, Joel, Pfennig, David William, and MacLean, Heidi
Place of Publication:: Chapel Hill, NC
Publisher:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Subject:: Physiology, Biology, and Ecology

772. Effects of changing temperatures on coral reef health: implications for management

Title Tesim:: Effects of changing temperatures on coral reef health: implications for management
Creator:: Selig, Elizabeth Rose
Date Created:: October 19, 2010
Date of publication:: May 2008
Abstract Tesim:: Human-induced climate change has already led to substantial changes in a variety of ecosystems. Coral reefs are particularly vulnerable to rises in ocean temperature as a result of climate change because they already live near their thermal limits. However, we know little about the spatial patterns of temperature anomalies, areas of greater than usual temperature, which cause coral mortality and increased rates of coral disease. These gaps in knowledge make it difficult to design effective management strategies for mitigating the effects of ocean warming. My dissertation research uses a combination of a new satellite ocean temperature dataset, field surveys on coral health, and data on marine protected area (MPA) boundaries to analyze how ocean temperatures are affecting coral reef health at regional and global scales. I discovered that temperature anomalies are spatially and temporally variable from 1985-2005 even during El Niño events. They are also typically less than 50 km2, smaller than the resolution of many climate models. In addition, I found a strong relationship on the Great Barrier Reef between the number of temperature anomalies and the number of cases of white syndrome, a prevalent coral disease. Results from this study suggest that temperature anomalies are playing a major role in the observed decline of coral reefs over the last 30-40 years. This decline highlights the importance of determining whether MPAs, one of the most common management tools are effective in restoring coral cover. My analyses demonstrated that MPAs can confer some ecosystem resilience through fisheries management and land management practices at regional scales. Coral cover on reefs inside of MPAs did not change over time, while unprotected reefs experienced declines in coral cover. However, MPAs do not moderate the effect of thermal stress on corals or reduce coral decline at rates that can offset losses from thermal stress and other major natural and human-caused disturbances. MPAs are clearly a key tool in the management of fisheries and coral reef health. My dissertation research underscores the need for both MPAs and additional measures aimed at reducing the anthropogenic activities driving climate change.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Access Right:: Open access
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Curriculum in Environment and Ecology
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/wxva-1844
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Bruno, John and Selig, Elizabeth Rose
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

773. Climate Change, Air Quality and Human Health: Quantifying the Global Mortality Impacts of Present and Future Ozone and PM2.5 Ambient Air Pollution

Title Tesim:: Climate Change, Air Quality and Human Health: Quantifying the Global Mortality Impacts of Present and Future Ozone and PM2.5 Ambient Air Pollution
Creator:: Silva, Raquel
Date Created:: January 21, 2016
Date of publication:: August 2015
Abstract Tesim:: Exposure to ambient air pollution is detrimental to human health. This research uses modeled concentrations of anthropogenic ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to quantify global premature mortality, considering chronic cardiopulmonary diseases and lung cancer in adults. For the first time in global studies, the contribution of past and future climate change to air pollution-related mortality is isolated using output from an ensemble of 14 chemistry climate models, and the present-day impact of five emission sectors (Energy, Industry, Residential & Commercial, Land Transportation, and Shipping & Aviation) is estimated. Present-day global average multi-model mortality is estimated to be 470,000 (95% CI, 140,000 to 900,000) ozone-related premature deaths/year and 2.1 (1.3 to 3.0) million PM2.5 deaths/year. Over two-thirds of ozone and of PM2.5 global mortality occur in East Asia and India. Using multi-model future concentrations for four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios, and projected future population and baseline mortality, global PM2.5 mortality is estimated to decrease relative to 2000 concentrations, particularly in 2100: -1.93 million (RCP2.6), -2.39 million (RCP4.5), -1.76 million (RCP6.0) and -1.31 (-2.04 to -0.17) million (RCP8.5) deaths/year. Ozone mortality increases in some scenarios/periods, particularly in RCP8.5 in 2100 (316,000 [-187,000 to 1.38 million] deaths/year), but decreases in others. While past climate change is estimated to have little effect on present-day air pollution mortality, RCP8.5 climate change in 2100 is likely to be strongly detrimental: 215,000 (-76,100 to 595,000) PM2.5 deaths/year and 127,000 (-193,000 to 1.07 million) ozone deaths/year. Using new simulations with a global chemical transport model at fine horizontal resolution (0.67°x0.5°), present-day global mortality is estimated to be 493,000 (122,000-989,000) ozone deaths/year and 2.2 (1.0 - 3.3) million PM2.5 deaths /year. Globally, the Land Transportation and Residential & Commercial sectors most impact ozone mortality (16%) and PM2.5 mortality (30%), respectively. However, relative sectoral impacts vary among world regions and within each region. Air pollution is likely the most important environmental exposure for global human health at present. Air quality regulations and climate change mitigation will reduce global air pollution-related mortality, but different policies targeting different emission sectors may be appropriate in particular locations.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Access Right:: There are no restrictions to this item.
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
Degree:: Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: c6dfda54-9cbd-4aef-8d77-f41d54dab123
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/jsw9-w905
Graduation Year:: 2015
Identifier:: Silva_unc_0153D_15690.pdf
Keyword:: Ozone, Human Health, Ambient Air Pollution, Climate Change, Air Quality, and Particulate Matter
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: MacDonald Gibson, Jacqueline, Hubbell, Bryan J., West, J. Jason, Serre, Marc, Yeatts, Karin, and Silva, Raquel
Place of Publication:: Chapel Hill, NC
Publisher:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Subject:: Environmental engineering, Environmental sciences, and Public health

774. Sclerochronology and geochemical variation in limpet shells (Patella vulgata and Patella stellaeformis): evaluating a new proxy for Holocene climate change in coastal areas

Title Tesim:: Sclerochronology and geochemical variation in limpet shells (Patella vulgata and Patella stellaeformis): evaluating a new proxy for Holocene climate change in coastal areas
Creator:: Fenger, Tracy Lynn
Date Created:: October 19, 2010
Date of publication:: December 2006
Abstract Tesim:: Before reconstructing potential climate information preserved in Holocene archaeological shells of the European limpet, Patella vulgata, we studied the controls on δ18 and δ13 in modern specimens. We evaluated whether P. vulgata shells precipitate in isotopic equilibrium with the ambient water by comparing δ18OSHELL with expected values. Comparison revealed that δ18OSHELL values were 1.51±0.21‰ higher than expected (corresponding estimated SST was 6.5±2.5 °C lower than observed SST). However, an adjustment can account for this predictable vital effect to reliably reconstruct SST. Tropical species, P. stellaeformis, was evaluated to determine whether it displays a similar positive offset from equilibrium as P. vulgata. We tested the hypotheses that δ18OSHELL in tropical species displays vital effects and the disequilibrium would be constant and predictable. Our results indicated P. stellaeformis δ18OSHELL exhibits a negative offset from expected equilibrium. Differences in mineralogy or growth rates at different latitudes may influence mechanisms that cause vital effects.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Access Right:: Open access
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Geological Sciences
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/remc-8p38
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Surge, Donna M. and Fenger, Tracy Lynn
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

775. Internal oscillations of the thermohaline circulation and abrupt climate changes during the last Ice Age and perhaps in the future

Title Tesim:: Internal oscillations of the thermohaline circulation and abrupt climate changes during the last Ice Age and perhaps in the future
Creator:: Yang, Ming
Date Created:: October 19, 2010
Date of publication:: December 2006
Abstract Tesim:: The first half of this dissertation presents a hypothesis to explain the abrupt climate changes that occurred during the last ice age. The Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) oscillations are a prime example of abrupt climate changes in the paleoclimate record, clear evidence that large and extremely rapid climate fluctuations have repeatedly happened in the recent past. There is wide agreement that a likely driver for the DO oscillations may involve changes in the strength of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC). A 3D coupled global atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice model of intermediate complexity, ECBilt-Clio, is used here to study the natural variability of the THC and associated climate changes in the North Atlantic. Under boundary conditions appropriate for the last glacial period the model simulations produce large amplitude, DO-like oscillations. Since no varying external forcing is applied, this is an internally driven, self-sustained, nonlinear free oscillation of the THC. It is argued that the free oscillation is caused by energy imbalance between the advection of cold water and the diffusion of heat by vertical turbulent mixing in the high latitude deep ocean. In addition, another hypothesis is proposed to explain the timing of the DO events. It is argued that the pattern is created by the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, which modulates the free oscillating mode of the THC. This speculation is supported by the ECBilt-Clio model, as well as an independent conceptual model SVO (Saltzman-van der Pol Oscillator). This hypothesis suggests that abrupt climate change is most likely to happen when insolation is rapidly changing. Since astronomical forcing is readily predictable, it is in principle possible to anticipate long-term (centennial to millennial), large amplitude, abrupt climate change events. In the second half, the work from my secondary PhD project, which is totally independent from the aforementioned study, is presented. An inversion scheme is introduced to deduce subsurface crack model, namely crack strike, dip and crack density, by using shear-wave splitting polarization and delay time observations.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Access Right:: Open access
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Geological Sciences
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/3ncv-0n23
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Rial, Jose and Yang, Ming
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

776. RESPONSE OF RIVER COASTAL MARGINS TO HUMAN INDUCED VARIATIONS IN SEDIMENT SUPPLY AND ACCELERATED SEA-LEVEL RISE

Title Tesim:: RESPONSE OF RIVER COASTAL MARGINS TO HUMAN INDUCED VARIATIONS IN SEDIMENT SUPPLY AND ACCELERATED SEA-LEVEL RISE
Creator:: Jalowska, Anna
Date Created:: July 5, 2017
Date of publication:: May 2016
Abstract Tesim:: My dissertation emphasizes that human-induced modifications to riverine sediment budget and changes in the rate of sea-level rise strongly influence bayhead-delta evolution. The response of bayhead deltas to these alterations is difficult to predict, but important to understand because they can lead to submergence and erosion of deltaic environments and loss of important habitat. Floodplains and the bayhead delta of the Lower Roanoke River, NC have the largest, most pristine bottomland-hardwood forest ecosystem remaining in the mid-Atlantic region. The majority of this ecosystem is currently at 0 m above sea level (MASL) and is very vulnerable to sea-level rise and changes in sediment supply. The Lower Roanoke River has been impacted by human activities (land clearing followed by river damming), and climate change. Using multidisciplinary tools, I was able to reconstruct the geological history of the Roanoke Delta (core descriptions and radiocarbon and 210Pb geochronologies), and define sources, fates and pathways of suspended sediments in the floodplains and delta environments on seasonal (radionuclide based sediment fingerprinting) and decadal to monthly (210Pb geochronology) time scales. My research reconstructed two episodes of retreat in the Roanoke delta during the past 6000 years. The first event occurred around 3700 BC when marine transgression flooded the Roanoke Paleovalley. The flooding formed an interdistributary bay that slowly filled with sediments until the 17th century. During the 1600s, when the first European settlers began to clear forest and farm the drainage basin, the delta rapidly accreted and the interdistributary bay filled with legacy sediment from increased agricultural runoff. The regression was also facilitated by the low rates of sea-level rise until ca 1860AD. The second episode of bayhead-delta retreat started during the 19th century and continues today. Improved agricultural practices and dam construction decreased the amount of sediment delivered to the bayhead delta. Additionally, the rate of sea-level rise increased to 0.21 cm/yr at that time. Under these conditions, the delta entered an erosional phase and during 1954–2012, the rate of delta loss was 2469 m2/yr. Decreases in sediment supply and more frequent inundations associated with the sea-level rise, led to a dramatic change in the function of delta plains. My research shows that at a 0 MASL elevation, the frequency and extent of flooding control erosion and deposition in the delta plain, and lead to loss of their ability to retain sediments. Hence, delta plains, regarded to be sediment sinks and sites of long-term sediment storage, become a source of sediment to the upper delta, as sea level rises and the delta retreats. This mechanism exposes a unique distribution of sediments in eroding deltas. In contrast to the previous paradigm emphasizing a unidirectional seaward dispersal of eroded deltaic sediments during transgression, my research illustrates that a landward-directed sediment migration pathway could occur, allowing nourishment and fortification of the upper bayhead delta to accelerated sea-level rise.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Marine Sciences
Degree:: Doctor of Philosophy
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: 7e332712-3bba-4ca2-a792-948faf97bbc5
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/7ebn-9q27
Graduation Year:: 2016
Keyword:: bayhead delta, land use change, Geochemistry, sediemnt fingerprinting, Geology, sediemnt supply, sea-level rise, Geomorphology, and legacy sediment
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: White, Brian, Rodriguez, Antonio, Cable, Jaye, McKee, Brent, Miller, Richard, and Jalowska, Anna
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

777. Broad-Scale Patterns and Determinants of Beta-Diversity

Title Tesim:: Broad-Scale Patterns and Determinants of Beta-Diversity
Creator:: McKnight, Meghan Wilde
Date Created:: October 19, 2010
Date of publication:: May 2007
Abstract Tesim:: Ecologists recognize two components of biodiversity: inventory diversity, the species composition of a single place, and differentiation diversity, more commonly called beta-diversity, which is derived by several different methods from the change in species composition between places. Beta-diversity is determined through a complex array of processes relating to the interaction of species traits and characteristics of the physical landscape over time. Geographic variation in betadiversity reflects past and present differences in environment, ecological interactions, and biogeographic history, including barriers to dispersal. As beta-diversity quantifies the turnover in species across space, it has important applications to the scaling of diversity, the delineation of biotic regions and conservation planning. Despite the importance of beta-diversity, relatively little is known about diversity's "other component", particularly at broad scales. In this dissertation, I trace the conceptual evolution of beta-diversity in order to reconcile the different views surrounding it, and examine empirical patterns of terrestrial vertebrate beta-diversity at broad spatial scales in order to gain insight into this important diversity component. I use range data for amphibians, birds, and mammals within the Western Hemisphere to produce the only maps to date of beta-diversity at this scale for multiple classes of terrestrial vertebrates and test for cross-taxon congruence in broad-scale beta-diversity. I also examine the strength and geographic variation of the relationship between beta-diversity and species richness. In a third empirical chapter, I analyze whether beta-diversity of amphibians at a global scale varies systematically across biogeographic realms and biomes. My results show that vertebrates classes have congruent patterns of beta-diversity across the Western Hemisphere. Further, beta-diversity and richness exhibit disparate patterns for these taxa. I demonstrate, however, that the strength of beta-diversity congruence and the relationship of betadiversity to species richness vary with spatial extent, geographic location, and between taxa. Amphibian beta-diversity at a global scale also shows complex variation across biogeographic realms and biomes. These findings illustrate the influence of environmental, historical, and taxonomic differences on ecological relationships, and stress the need for stringent tests across multiple taxa and regions.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Access Right:: Open access
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Curriculum in Environment and Ecology
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/jk5a-ba47
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: White, Peter and McKnight, Meghan Wilde
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

778. Linking physiological rates and community ecology: effects of ocean temperature on dispersal and species interactions

Title Tesim:: Linking physiological rates and community ecology: effects of ocean temperature on dispersal and species interactions
Creator:: O'Connor, Mary Isabel
Date Created:: October 11, 2010
Date of publication:: December 2008
Abstract Tesim:: Our ability to predict and manage ecological change in the face of climate warming requires an understanding of the influence of climate on critical demographic and community-level processes. In spite of a rich history of research on ecological processes and the patterns they create, responses to climate change have been interpreted as species-specific, such as shifts in geographic ranges and the timing of seasonal life cycle events. However, recently described general and predictable responses of organisms to non-lethal changes in temperature may provide an important mechanistic link between local climate conditions and ecological processes. I have applied the metabolic theory of ecology to dispersal and food web dynamics to test the effect of temperature on complex, community-structuring processes. I used statistical and theoretical models to determine the generality of the effect of temperature on larval development and dispersal, and to consider consequences for biogeographic patterns, population connectivity and conservation. Using experiments, I tested the effect of temperature on herbivore-plant interaction strength, food web structure and production. Results show that general effects of temperature on fundamental metabolic components are consistent with community level responses to changing temperature, and these effects may provide a mechanistic explanation for broad biogeographic patterns and marine ecosystem response to climate change.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Access Right:: Open access
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Curriculum in Environment and Ecology
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/sxbk-tf36
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Bruno, John and O'Connor, Mary Isabel
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

779. Evangelical confessions: an ideological struggle over evangelical political identity

Title Tesim:: Evangelical confessions: an ideological struggle over evangelical political identity
Creator:: King, Amy Laine
Date Created:: October 11, 2010
Date of publication:: May 2009
Abstract Tesim:: For the last several years, conservative evangelicals have been aligned with a conservative political agenda. Advancing an alternative view, progressive evangelical voices have consistently objected to this partisan expression of evangelical faith, a position that is finally resonating with a significant portion of evangelicals. Evangelical political identity is currently experiencing an ideological struggle as conservatives and progressives argue over rhetorical approach, public policy, and political priorities. This dissertation will critique selected rhetorical texts of conservatives and progressives, situated within the history of evangelical political participation in the United States. The genre of prophetic rhetoric, Kenneth Burke's notion of mortification, and Maurice Charland's conception of constitutive rhetoric will be used to interpret the rhetorical styles represented by conservative and progressive evangelicals. I will specifically consider the dialectics of climate change, gay marriage, and compassion to illustrate that although both formations of evangelicalism appropriate elements of the prophetic tradition, progressives do so more consistently. Moreover, by engaging in culture war rhetoric, conservatives contradict their prophetic consciousness. Ultimately, I will argue that the radical reform advanced by progressives is inspiring a transformation of evangelical political identity as they seek to rearticulate evangelical discourse and therefore constitute a transformed evangelical subject.
Resource type:: Dissertation
Access Right:: Open access
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Communication
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/6xgk-3p51
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Balthrop, V. William and King, Amy Laine
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

780. Evaluation of linkages between climate change and sedimentary biogeochemistry in the glacial/interglacial North Atlantic

Title Tesim:: Evaluation of linkages between climate change and sedimentary biogeochemistry in the glacial/interglacial North Atlantic
Creator:: Malynn, Dylan
Date Created:: March 18, 2013
Date of publication:: May 2011
Abstract Tesim:: Over the past 125,000 years, global climate has varied in lock step with the growth and decay of large continental ice sheets. Concomitant with these large-scale glacial/interglacial climate shifts are marked changes in deep-sea sedimentation in the North Atlantic basin. Warm interglacial climates are generally associated with more CaCO3-rich deep-sea sediments, while cold glacial intervals are typically manifest as more clay-rich intervals. This study examines the impact of these glacial/interglacial sedimentologic changes on benthic (ocean bottom) biogeochemistry, and also investigates potential feedbacks between benthic processes and climate. In addition to documenting the glacial/interglacial response of marine sedimentation in the North Atlantic, with respect to select major, minor and trace elements that can be used to reconstruct changes in lithogenous, biogenic and authigenic processes, this work addresses a number of key biogeochemical interactions that centrally involve iron, which is plentiful in the clay-rich glacial sediments, but scarce in the interglacial sediments.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Access Right:: Open access
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Geological Sciences
Deposit Record:: 6a8d0032-e157-4cdf-a44d-78dc9ba8c842
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/1ejr-pq90
Language Label:: English
Note:: "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Sciences in the Department of Geological Sciences."
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Meyers, Stephen and Malynn, Dylan
Place of Publication:: Chapel Hill, NC
Publisher:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

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