UNC-Chapel Hill Climate Change Resources // Carolina Digital Repository

Works (784)

1. Symbiont Density, Chlorophyll a, and Color Intensity of Aposymbiotic and Symbiotic Colonies of the Temperate Coral Oculina arbuscula on the N.C. Coast

Title Tesim:: Symbiont Density, Chlorophyll a, and Color Intensity of Aposymbiotic and Symbiotic Colonies of the Temperate Coral Oculina arbuscula on the N.C. Coast
Creator:: Long, Jamie
Date of publication:: April 19, 2024
Abstract Tesim:: Corals are the foundation of reef ecosystems that are instrumental to the health and abundance of a vast diversity of marine life. Anthropogenic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide have led to rising ocean temperatures, which are correlated with decreasing symbiont density and chlorophyll a (chla) levels. Extreme levels of temperature stress can cause coral bleaching or complete loss of symbionts. Facultatively symbiotic corals, like Oculina arbuscula, can survive without symbionts by relying more on heterotrophic carbon and are thus useful models to study the physiological effects of coral bleaching. This study measured the natural variation in color intensity, symbiont density, and chla content between symbiotic and aposymbiotic colonies of the temperate coral Oculina arbuscula. Colonies of O. arbuscula were collected from Radio Island, NC, and symbiont density, chla, and color intensity were quantified. We found that symbiont density and chlorophyll a were significantly lower, and color intensity was brighter in aposymbiotic colonies, and these trends varied across seasons. These results demonstrate fluctuation in symbiont density, chla per cell, and color intensity in O. arbuscula based on symbiotic state, and could help improve our understanding of the effects of climate change-induced bleaching on coral reefs.
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Biology
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/tbra-ba04
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Department of Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences
Person:: Long, Jamie
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

2. Potential implications of the climate crisis on diagnostics

Title Tesim:: Potential implications of the climate crisis on diagnostics
Creator:: Ghadrshenas, Anisa, Carmona, Sergio, Ogbaini-Emovon, Ephraim, Ogony, Jack, Chendi, Bih H., Eder, Paul, Seida, Ahmed A., Manigart, Olivier, Carlson, Colin, Shenai, Shubhada, Tucker, Joseph D., Agyare, Bernard Owusu, Iradukunda, Ange, Prado, Esteban O., and Mukoka, Marithe
Date of publication:: 2024
Abstract Tesim:: Many countries, especially low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), have not planned for how the climate crisis will increase the need for diagnostics, even as environmental changes are accelerating expansion of human and animal disease. Diagnostics for human diseases are essential for anticipating and responding to health impacts of the climate crisis and play a fundamental role in identifying new infectious disease outbreaks, informing research and predictive models, monitoring the effectiveness of interventions, and spurring public health policy in diverse global settings. Enhanced human diagnostics will be important for public health, veterinary, public health, and environmental sectors. This Opinion uses a One Health approach to highlight the potential implications of the climate crisis on diagnostics and priorities for adaptation.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/2rs0-nv95
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002935
ISSN:: 2767-3375
Journal Issue:: 3
Journal Title:: PLOS Global Public Health
Journal Volume:: 4
Keyword:: Veterinary diagnostics, Noncommunicable diseases, Climate change, Fungal diseases, Diagnostic medicine, Anthropogenic climate change, Veterinary diseases, and Public and occupational health
Language Label:: English
License Label:: CC0 1.0 Universal
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: UNITAID, FIND, Institute of Lassa Fever Research and Control, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, University of Oslo, National Institutes of Health, Cairo University, GFA Consulting Group, Georgetown University, , Heart to Heart International, University of Las Ame´ ricas, and Rodolphe Meriuex Laboratory INRB- Goma
Page Start:: e0002935
Person:: Ghadrshenas, Anisa, Carmona, Sergio, Ogbaini-Emovon, Ephraim, Ogony, Jack, Chendi, Bih H., Eder, Paul, Seida, Ahmed A., Manigart, Olivier, Carlson, Colin, Shenai, Shubhada, Tucker, Joseph D., Agyare, Bernard Owusu, Iradukunda, Ange, Prado, Esteban O., and Mukoka, Marithe
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: 3aecd496-5395-4484-9fc4-96338a676bdd

3. Communication, theory of change, and clean energy

Title Tesim:: Communication, theory of change, and clean energy
Creator:: Cox, Robert
Date of publication:: 2024
Abstract Tesim:: Some years ago, I stepped away from my faculty position at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) to become more deeply engaged with the Sierra Club, one of the oldest environmental NGOs in the United States. Given my research, I knew insights into strategic communication in advocacy campaigns would likely be applicable, particularly, to the climate change efforts in which I was planning to participate. Climate change campaigns, like campaigns focused on other issues, usually involve multiple forms of communication—grassroots organizing, social media, demonstrations, media coverage, placards, canvassing, etc. Beyond these tactical uses, NGOs also may conceive a strategic rationale for a campaign itself as derived from core communication principles. As it turned out, I would have an opportunity to help to design one such campaign, a message driven initiative to accelerate the movement toward a greater commitment to use 100% clean, renewable energy in the United States.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/815z-n053
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2024.1381928
ISSN:: 2297-900X
Journal Title:: Frontiers in Communication
Journal Volume:: 9
Keyword:: campaign, strategy, theory of change, climate change communication, and clean energy
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Cox, Robert
Publisher:: Frontiers
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 79e1eee8-1209-4767-b1e7-c69ab90c0035

4. How does the removal of federal subsidies affect investment in coastal protection infrastructure?

Title Tesim:: How does the removal of federal subsidies affect investment in coastal protection infrastructure?
Creator:: Salvesen D., Branham J., Onda K., Kaza N., and BenDor T.K.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Shoreline armoring, which involves the installation of hardened structures to protect coastal property, dramatically alters shoreline composition and resulting ecological functions. Accelerating hazard threats to growing coastal communities compounds this problem, creating demand for more armoring. We examine whether designation by the U.S. Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CBRA) – enacted to disincentivize urban development on hazardous coastal barriers – is associated with lower propensities to armor shorelines. In designated areas, CBRA removes access to federally-subsidized flood insurance, infrastructure subsidies, and disaster assistance. Using logistic regression modeling, we examine armoring at the parcel scale across the State of Florida (USA), controlling for CBRA designation, land use, and local population density. Our findings reveal a significant negative relationship between CBRA designation and the odds of armoring, particularly for residential and vacant properties. As coastal areas grapple with increasing impacts from coastal hazards, removal of public subsidies may be an effective non-regulatory method for maintaining the ecological and protective benefits of natural shorelines.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: UNC Institute for the Environment and Department of City and Regional Planning
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/27qn-7x72
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105245
ISSN:: 0264-8377
Journal Title:: Land Use Policy
Journal Volume:: 102
Keyword:: Natural hazards, Coastal protection, Shoreline armoring, Coastal barrier resources act (CBRA), Coastal ecology, and Climate adaptation
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Salvesen D., Branham J., Onda K., Kaza N., and BenDor T.K.
Publisher:: Elsevier Ltd
Source:: f604592f-45c0-4812-b211-0ee77302519f

5. Does removal of federal subsidies discourage urban development? An evaluation of the US Coastal Barrier Resources Act

Title Tesim:: Does removal of federal subsidies discourage urban development? An evaluation of the US Coastal Barrier Resources Act
Creator:: Onda K., Kaza N., Branham J., Salvesen D., and BenDor T.K.
Date of publication:: 2020
Abstract Tesim:: Urban development relies on many factors to remain viable, including infrastructure, services, and government provisions and subsidies. However, in situations involving federal or state level policy, development responds not just to one regulatory signal, but also to multiple signals from overlapping and competing jurisdictions. The 1982 U.S. Coastal Barrier Resources Act (CoBRA) offers an opportunity to study when and how development restrictions and economic disincentives protect natural resources by stopping or slowing urban development in management regimes with distributed authority and responsibility. CoBRA prohibits federal financial assistance for infrastructure, post-storm disaster relief, and flood insurance in designated sections (CoBRA units) of coastal barriers. How has CoBRA's removal of these subsidies affected rates and types of urban development Using building footprint and real estate data (n = 1,385,552 parcels), we compare density of built structures, land use types, residential house size, and land values within and outside of CoBRA units in eight Southeast and Gulf Coast states. We show that CoBRA is associated with reduced development rates in designated coastal barriers. We also demonstrate how local responses may counteract withdrawal of federal subsidies. As attention increases towards improving urban resilience in high hazard areas, this work contributes to understanding how limitations on infrastructure and insurance subsidies can affect outcomes where overlapping jurisdictions have competing goals.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of City and Regional Planning and UNC Institute for the Environment
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/b7vb-9p45
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233888
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 6-Jun
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 15
Keyword:: seashore, drug withdrawal, environmental policy, major clinical study, economics, attention, Humans, Disasters, procedures, Floods, Urban Renewal, environmental protection, United States, Conservation of Natural Resources, natural resource, Environmental Policy, human, financial management, real estate, Financing, Government, responsibility, land use, disaster, Insurance, flooding, Southeastern United States, insurance, article, and city planning
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Onda K., Kaza N., Branham J., Salvesen D., and BenDor T.K.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: 17e47d67-760d-4182-b583-16c0e3edd54f

6. Assessing the full costs of floodplain buyouts

Title Tesim:: Assessing the full costs of floodplain buyouts
Creator:: BenDor T.K., Haygood H., Curran-Groome W., Hino M., and Salvesen D.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Given projected increases in flood damages, managed retreat strategies are likely to become more widespread. Voluntary buyouts, where governments acquire flood-damaged properties and return the sites to open space, have been the primary form of federally funded retreat in the USA to date. However, little attention has been paid to the cost structure of buyout projects. Using a transaction cost framework, we analyze the costs of activities that comprise floodplain buyouts. Federal data do not distinguish transaction costs, but they do suggest that the cost of purchasing properties often accounts for 80% or less of total project costs. Through a systematic review (n = 1103 publications) and an analysis of government budgets (across n = 859 jurisdiction-years), we find limited sources with relevant cost information, none of which reports transaction costs. The absence of activity-level cost data inhibits more targeted policy reform to support community-driven and efficient buyout programs. Better data collection and reporting can inform more impactful and equitable buyout policy.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of City and Regional Planning and UNC Institute for the Environment
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/chch-vq44
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-021-03178-x
ISSN:: 0165-0009
Journal Issue:: 2-Jan
Journal Title:: Climatic Change
Journal Volume:: 168
Keyword:: Climate adaptation, Environmental finance, Flood policy, Floodplain buyouts, Municipal finance, and Hazard mitigation
Language Label:: English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: BenDor T.K., Haygood H., Curran-Groome W., Hino M., and Salvesen D.
Publisher:: Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
Source:: 96226844-1f83-469b-85a0-b2d59746ca92

7. A computational approach to analyzing climate strategies of cities pledging net zero

Title Tesim:: A computational approach to analyzing climate strategies of cities pledging net zero
Creator:: French I., Sachdeva S., Lim E., and Hsu A.
Date of publication:: 2022
Abstract Tesim:: Cities have become primary actors on climate change and are increasingly setting goals aimed at net-zero emissions, which warrants closer examination to understand how they intend to meet these goals. The incomplete and heterogeneous nature of city climate policy documents, however, has made systemic analysis challenging. We analyze 318 climate action documents from cities with net-zero targets using machine learning-based natural language processing (NLP) techniques. We aim to accomplish two goals: (1) determine text patterns that predict ‘ambitious’ net-zero targets; and (2) perform a sectoral analysis to identify patterns and trade-offs in climate action themes. We find that cities with ambitious climate actions tend to emphasize quantitative metrics and specific high-emitting sectors in their plans. Cities predominantly emphasize energy-related actions in their plans, but often at the expense of other sectors, including land-use and climate impacts. The method presented in this paper provides a replicable, scalable approach to analyzing climate action plans and a first step towards facilitating cross-city learning.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Department of Public Policy
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/z8ax-y280
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-022-00065-x
ISSN:: 2661-8001
Journal Issue:: 1
Journal Title:: npj Urban Sustainability
Journal Volume:: 2
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Yale-NUS College, , and Yale School of Environment
Person:: French I., Sachdeva S., Lim E., and Hsu A.
Publisher:: Springer Nature
Source:: e454d805-379e-4fda-b36d-e0e0070153c7

8. Modeling the effects of sea ice on Arctic delta evolution: A case study on the Colville River Delta, AK

Title Tesim:: Modeling the effects of sea ice on Arctic delta evolution: A case study on the Colville River Delta, AK
Creator:: Cooper, Caroline
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Seasonal sea ice coverage impacts Arctic delta morphology by limiting wave and river influences. Despite known impacts, limited research has been performed to understand the effects of sea ice on delta morphodynamics. To address this gap, a 1D morphologic and hydrodynamic model was constructed in Delft3D-FLOW to simulate the development of the Colville River Delta, AK. Simulations showed ice-affected deltas develop a compound clinoform morphology – in other words, a coupled subaerial and subaqueous delta separated by a subaqueous platform that resembles the shallow 2-m subaqueous platform observed only on Arctic deltas. Nearshore sea ice and riverine forcing promoted sediment bypassing and were the key drivers behind platform formation. Future simulations showed Arctic deltas may lose the shallow platform feature on centennial timescales. This study highlights the importance of sea ice on Arctic delta morphology and the potential morphologic transitions these high-latitude deltas may experience as the Arctic continues to warm.
Resource type:: Masters Thesis
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Marine Sciences
Degree:: Master of Science
Degree Granting Institution:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Deposit Record:: b8c9f2e8-45db-4855-bd44-550082b7124d
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/6zk6-4119
Graduation Year:: 2023
Keyword:: Deltaic clinoform, Coastal oceanography, Marine geology, Climate change, Sea ice, Arctic delta, Geomorphology, Sediment transport modeling, and Delta morphology
Language Label:: English
Person:: Eidam, Emily , Seim, Harvey, Pavelsky, Tamlin, and Cooper, Caroline
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted

9. Development of a Pilot Literacy Scale to Assess Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors towards Climate Change and Infectious Disease Dynamics in Suriname

Title Tesim:: Development of a Pilot Literacy Scale to Assess Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors towards Climate Change and Infectious Disease Dynamics in Suriname
Creator:: Shankar, Arti, Lichtveld, Maureen, Abdoel Wahid, Firoz, Zijlmans, Wilco, Matlack, Meghan, Hindori-Mohangoo, Ashna, and Covert, Hannah
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Prior research has shown that climate literacy is sparse among low- and middle-income countries. Additionally, no standardized questionnaire exists for researchers to measure climate literacy among general populations, particularly with regards to climate change effects on vector-borne diseases (VBDs). We developed a comprehensive literacy scale to assess current knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards climate change and VBD dynamics among women enrolled in the Caribbean Consortium for Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (CCREOH) cohort in Suriname. Items were generated by our research team and reviewed by a group of six external climate and health experts. After the expert review, a total of 31 climate change and 21 infectious disease items were retained. We estimated our sample size at a 10:1 ratio of participants to items for each scale. In total, 301 women were surveyed. We validated our scales through exploratory (n = 180) and confirmatory factor analyses (n = 121). An exploratory factor analysis for our general Climate Change Scale provided a four-construct solution of 11 items. Our chi-squared value (X2 = 74.32; p = 0.136) indicated that four factors were sufficient. A confirmatory factor analysis reinforced our findings, providing a good model fit (X2 = 39.03; p = 0.23; RMSEA = 0.015). Our Infectious Disease Scale gave a four-construct solution of nine items (X2 = 153.86; p = 0.094). A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed these results, with a chi-squared value of 19.16 (p = 0.575) and an RMSEA of 0.00. This research is vitally important for furthering climate and health education, especially with increases in VBDs spread by Aedes mosquitoes in the Caribbean, South America, and parts of the southern United States.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: School of Medicine
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/3z7q-7j43
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20247178
ISSN:: 1660-4601
Journal Issue:: 24
Journal Title:: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Journal Volume:: 20
Keyword:: education, literacy, infectious disease, knowledge, vector-borne disease, and climate change
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, , and Foundation for Perinatal Interventions and Research in Suriname
Page Start:: 7178
Person:: Shankar, Arti, Lichtveld, Maureen, Abdoel Wahid, Firoz, Zijlmans, Wilco, Matlack, Meghan, Hindori-Mohangoo, Ashna, and Covert, Hannah
Publisher:: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 8d9bac11-1b50-42a3-b844-09b3add33465

10. Addressing the Impact of Climate Change-Induced Urbanization on Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Policy Analysis

Title Tesim:: Addressing the Impact of Climate Change-Induced Urbanization on Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Policy Analysis
Creator:: Charles, Antoinette J.
Date of publication:: December 6, 2023
Abstract Tesim:: This paper explores the intersection of climate change-induced urbanization and its impact on musculoskeletal injuries. The migration of people from rural to urban areas in low-and middle-income countries like Ethiopia has led to increased motorization, higher traffic density, and a surge in road traffic injuries and fatalities. The objective of the paper is to conduct a comprehensive policy analysis addressing the implications of climate change-induced urbanization on musculoskeletal injuries. The policy options evaluated include maintaining the status quo, enforcing seat belt usage, developing pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, and implementing a fossil fuel export tax. The analysis considers factors such as costs, effectiveness in prevention of musculoskeletal injuries, addressing climate change, feasibility for implementation, and financial equity. After evaluation, the fossil fuel export tax was determined to be an equitable, cost-effective solution that tackles the broader impact of climate change on forced displacement and migration, while supporting sustainability initiatives and road accident funds for victims.
Resource type:: Masters Paper
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Health Policy and Management and Gillings School of Global Public Health
Degree:: Master of Public Health
Type:: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/apw2-sd63
Graduation Year:: 2023
Language Label:: English
ORCID:: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-5950, , and https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5286-5933
Other Affiliation:: Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, , and Department of Health Policy and Management
Person:: Agarwal-Harding, Kiran, Zachary, Ciara, and Charles, Antoinette J.
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright

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