Using the Design Thinking Process to Co-create a New, Interdisciplinary Design Thinking Course to Train 21st Century Graduate Students
Creator:
Jagannathan, Vichitra, Skywark, Emily Rose, and Chen, Elizabeth
Date of publication:
2022
Abstract Tesim:
Background: Our instructional team at the The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill led an innovative project that used IDEO.org's design thinking process to create a brand-new interdisciplinary graduate course, housed in the school of public health, titled Design Thinking for the Public Good. We offer our course design process as a case study of the use of design thinking for course design. Methods: We collected data and generated insights through a variety of inspiration, ideation, and implementation design thinking methods alongside members of our three stakeholder groups: (1) faculty who teach or have taught courses related to design thinking at our higher education institution; (2) design thinking experts at ours and other institutions and outside of higher education; and (3) graduate students at our institution. Results: We learned that interdisciplinary design thinking courses should include growth-oriented reflection, explicit group work skills, and content with a real-world application. Conclusions: Our course design process and findings can be replicated to design courses regardless of area of study, level, or format.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Health Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/t588-s586
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.777869
ISSN:
2296-2565
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Public Health
Journal Volume:
9
Keyword:
social innovation, course development, co-creation, complex problem solving, and curricular development
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:
Jagannathan, Vichitra, Skywark, Emily Rose, and Chen, Elizabeth
Editorial: Epigenetic Regulation in Cardiovascular Diseases
Creator:
Wang, Zhihua, Xu, Suowen, Rau, Christoph D., and Pillai, Indulekha C. L.
Date of publication:
2022
Abstract Tesim:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally. Progress in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CVD is contingent on the advancement of our knowledge to explain the complex pathophysiology underlying CVD in which gene expression re-programming plays a fundamental role. Emerging evidence highlights the impact of epigenetic regulation on the transition of gene expression patterns from physiological to pathological states. Epigenetics, originally defined as stably heritable phenotypes resulting from changes in a chromosome without alterations in the DNA sequence, is now more broadly understood to encompass any modification to DNA structure or function that influences phenotypes related to development or disease other than an actual change to the sequence. The epigenetic environment of a gene is mostly determined by DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. Various writers, readers, and erasers for different epigenetic marks have been discovered, and their dysfunction tightly correlates with the development of CVD. Research elucidating epigenetic regulations in this field have, in turn, promoted novel drug discoveries to treat CVD. The identification of novel epigenetic players in CVD and how they act to fine-tune molecular processes would help expand our understanding of the complexity of cardiovascular pathophysiology. In the current Research Topic, we have collected 16 high-quality studies that cover promising, recent, and novel research trends in the epigenetic regulation of CVD.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Genetics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/hrja-w312
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2021.831851
ISSN:
2297-055X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
histone modification, DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, cardiovascular disease, and epigenetics
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, and Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
Person:
Wang, Zhihua, Xu, Suowen, Rau, Christoph D., and Pillai, Indulekha C. L.
Accelerated Development With Increased Bone Mass and Skeletal Response to Loading Suggest Receptor Activity Modifying Protein-3 as a Bone Anabolic Target
Creator:
Wang, Ning, Caron, Kathleen M., Kadmiel, Mahita, Livesey, Matthew, Skerry, Tim M., Richards, Gareth O., and Pacharne, Suruchi
Date of publication:
2022
Abstract Tesim:
Knockout technologies provide insights into physiological roles of genes. Studies initiated into endocrinology of heteromeric G protein-coupled receptors included deletion of receptor activity modifying protein-3, an accessory protein that alters ligand selectivity of calcitonin and calcitonin-like receptors. Initially, deletion of Ramp3-/- appeared phenotypically silent, but it has emerged that mice have a high bone mass phenotype, and more subtle alterations to angiogenesis, amylin homeostasis, and a small proportion of the effects of adrenomedullin on cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Here we explore in detail, effects of Ramp3-/- deletion on skeletal growth/development, bone mass and response of bone to mechanical loading mimicking exercise. Mouse pups lacking RAMP3 are healthy and viable, having accelerated development of the skeleton as assessed by degree of mineralisation of specific bones, and by microCT measurements. Specifically, we observed that neonates and young mice have increased bone volume and mineralisation in hindlimbs and vertebrae and increased thickness of bone trabeculae. These changes are associated with increased osteoblast numbers and bone apposition rate in Ramp3-/- mice, and increased cell proliferation in epiphyseal growth plates. Effects persist for some weeks after birth, but differences in gross bone mass between RAMP3 and WT mice lose significance in older animals although architectural differences persist. Responses of bones of 17-week old mice to mechanical loading that mimics effects of vigorous exercise is increased significantly in Ramp3-/- mice by 30% compared with WT control mice. Studies on cultured osteoblasts from Ramp3-/- mice indicate interactions between mRNA expression of RAMPs1 and 3, but not RAMP2 and 3. Our preliminary data shows that Ramp3-/- osteoblasts had increased expression β-catenin, a component of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway known to regulate skeletal homeostasis and mechanosensitivity. Given interactions of RAMPs with both calcitonin and calcitonin-like receptors to alter ligand selectivity, and with other GPCRs to change trafficking or ligand bias, it is not clear whether the bone phenotype of Ramp3-/- mice is due to alterations in signalling mediated by one or more GPCRS. However, as antagonists of RAMP-interacting receptors are growing in availability, there appears the likelihood that manipulation of the RAMP3 signalling system could provide anabolic effects therapeutically.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/98w0-xb61
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.807882
ISSN:
1664-2392
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Journal Volume:
12
Keyword:
bone, receptor activity modifying protein, osteoporosis, ageing, and endocrinology
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:
University of Sheffield
Person:
Wang, Ning, Caron, Kathleen M., Kadmiel, Mahita, Livesey, Matthew, Skerry, Tim M., Richards, Gareth O., and Pacharne, Suruchi
Invertebrate Grazing on Live Turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum): A Common Interaction That May Facilitate Fungal Growth
Creator:
Altieri, Andrew H., Valdez, Stephanie R., Walker, Nia S., Crain, Caitlin, Zhang, Y. Stacy, Gulis, Vladislav, Boyd, Anjali D., and Silliman, Brian
Date of publication:
2022
Abstract Tesim:
In coastal wetlands and tropical reefs, snails can regulate foundation species by feeding on marsh grasses and hard corals. In many cases, their impacts are amplified because they facilitate microbial infection in grazer-induced wounds. Whether snails commonly graze live plants and facilitate microbial growth on plants in tropical seagrass systems is less explored. On a Belizean Caye, we examined patterns in snail-generated grazer scars on the abundant turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum). Our initial survey showed the occurrence of snail-induced scarring on live turtlegrass blades was common, with 57% of live leaves scarred. Feeding trials demonstrated that two of five common snails (Tegula fasciata–smooth tegula and Smaragdia viridis–emerald nerite) grazed unepiphytized turtlegrass blades and that smooth tegula abundance had a positive relationship with scarring intensity. Subsequent surveys at three Caribbean sites (separated by >150 km) also showed a high occurrence of snail-induced scars on turtlegrass blades. Finally, simulated herbivory experiments and field observations of a turtlegrass bed in Florida, United States suggests that herbivore damage could facilitate fungal growth in live seagrass tissue through mechanical opening of tissue. Combined, these findings reveal that snail grazing on live turtlegrass blades in the Caribbean can be common. Based on these results, we hypothesize that small grazers could be exerting top-down control over turtlegrass growth directly via grazing and/or indirectly by facilitating microbial infection in live seagrass tissue. Further studies are needed to determine the generality and relative importance of direct and indirect effects of gastropod grazing on turtlegrass health.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Marine Sciences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/1vmv-ec85
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.789380
ISSN:
2296-7745
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Marine Science
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
mesograzers, snails, seagrass, fungal infection, and herbivory
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:
University of Florida, Duke University Marine Lab, Stanford University, and Coastal Carolina University
Person:
Altieri, Andrew H., Valdez, Stephanie R., Walker, Nia S., Crain, Caitlin, Zhang, Y. Stacy, Gulis, Vladislav, Boyd, Anjali D., and Silliman, Brian
Nuclear Factor κB-COX2 Pathway Activation in Non-myelinating Schwann Cells Is Necessary for the Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain in vivo
Creator:
Xie, Alison Xiaoqiao, McCarthy, Ken, and Taves, Sarah
Date of publication:
2022
Abstract Tesim:
Chronic neuropathic pain leads to long-term changes in the sensitivity of both peripheral and central nociceptive neurons. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive glial cells are closely associated with the nociceptive neurons including astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), satellite glial cells (SGCs) in the sensory ganglia, and non-myelinating Schwann cells (NMSCs) in the peripheral nerves. Central and peripheral GFAP-positive cells are involved in the maintenance of chronic pain through a host of inflammatory cytokines, many of which are under control of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NFκB) and the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). To test the hypothesis that inhibiting GFAP-positive glial signaling alleviates chronic pain, we used (1) a conditional knockout (cKO) mouse expressing Cre recombinase under the hGFAP promoter and a floxed COX2 gene to inactivate the COX2 gene specifically in GFAP-positive cells; and (2) a tet-Off tetracycline transactivator system to suppress NFκB activation in GFAP-positive cells. We found that neuropathic pain behavior following spared nerve injury (SNI) significantly decreased in COX2 cKO mice as well as in mice with decreased glial NFκB signaling. Additionally, experiments were performed to determine whether central or peripheral glial NFκB signaling contributes to the maintenance of chronic pain behavior following nerve injury. Oxytetracycline (Oxy), a blood-brain barrier impermeable analog of doxycycline was employed to restrict transgene expression to CNS glia only, leaving peripheral glial signaling intact. Signaling inactivation in central GFAP-positive glia alone failed to exhibit the same analgesic effects as previously observed in animals with both central and peripheral glial signaling inhibition. These data suggest that the NFκB-COX2 signaling pathway in NMSCs is necessary for the maintenance of neuropathic pain in vivo.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Pharmacology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/0tym-0629
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.782275
ISSN:
1662-5102
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
Journal Volume:
15
Keyword:
COX2, non-myelinating Schwann cells, tetracycline transactivator system, nuclear factor kB signaling, neuropathic pain, GFAP-positive glia, and peripheral nervous system
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
Person:
Xie, Alison Xiaoqiao, McCarthy, Ken, and Taves, Sarah
Inter-organ communication and the heat stress (HS; 45°C, 6 h) responses of organs exposed and not directly exposed to HS were evaluated in rice (Oryza sativa) by comparing the impact of HS applied either to whole plants, or only to shoots or roots. Whole-plant HS reduced photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm and QY_Lss), but this effect was alleviated by prior acclimation (37°C, 2 h). Dynamics of HSFA2d, HSP90.2, HSP90.3, and SIG5 expression revealed high protection of crowns and roots. Additionally, HSP26.2 was strongly expressed in leaves. Whole-plant HS increased levels of jasmonic acid (JA) and cytokinin cis-zeatin in leaves, while up-regulating auxin indole-3-acetic acid and down-regulating trans-zeatin in leaves and crowns. Ascorbate peroxidase activity and expression of alternative oxidases (AOX) increased in leaves and crowns. HS targeted to leaves elevated levels of JA in roots, cis-zeatin in crowns, and ascorbate peroxidase activity in crowns and roots. HS targeted to roots increased levels of abscisic acid and auxin in leaves and crowns, cis-zeatin in leaves, and JA in crowns, while reducing trans-zeatin levels. The weaker protection of leaves reflects the growth strategy of rice. HS treatment of individual organs induced changes in phytohormone levels and antioxidant enzyme activity in non-exposed organs, in order to enhance plant stress tolerance.
Exercise Increases Bone in SEIPIN Deficient Lipodystrophy, Despite Low Marrow Adiposity
Creator:
Xie, Zhihui, Styner, Martin A., Styner, Maya, Rubin, Janet, McGrath, Cody, Coleman, Rosalind A., Sankaran, Jeyantt Srinivas, Little-Letsinger, Sarah E., Zong, Xiaopeng, Klett, Eric L., Sen, Buer, and Chen, Weiqin
Date of publication:
2022
Abstract Tesim:
Exercise, typically beneficial for skeletal health, has not yet been studied in lipodystrophy, a condition characterized by paucity of white adipose tissue, with eventual diabetes, and steatosis. We applied a mouse model of global deficiency of Bscl2 (SEIPIN), required for lipid droplet formation. Male twelve-week-old B6 knockouts (KO) and wild type (WT) littermates were assigned six-weeks of voluntary, running exercise (E) versus non-exercise (N=5-8). KO weighed 14% less than WT (p=0.01) and exhibited an absence of epididymal adipose tissue; KO liver Plin1 via qPCR was 9-fold that of WT (p=0.04), consistent with steatosis. Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), unlike white adipose, was measurable, although 40.5% lower in KO vs WT (p=0.0003) via 9.4T MRI/advanced image analysis. SEIPIN ablation’s most notable effect marrow adiposity was in the proximal femoral diaphysis (-56% KO vs WT, p=0.005), with relative preservation in KO-distal-femur. Bone via μCT was preserved in SEIPIN KO, though some quality parameters were attenuated. Running distance, speed, and time were comparable in KO and WT. Exercise reduced weight (-24% WT-E vs WT p<0.001) but not in KO. Notably, exercise increased trabecular BV/TV in both (+31%, KO-E vs KO, p=0.004; +14%, WT-E vs WT, p=0.006). The presence and distribution of BMAT in SEIPIN KO, though lower than WT, is unexpected and points to a uniqueness of this depot. That trabecular bone increases were achievable in both KO and WT, despite a difference in BMAT quantity/distribution, points to potential metabolic flexibility during exercise-induced skeletal anabolism.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Nutrition, and Biomedical Research Imaging Center
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/15hh-tc11
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.782194
ISSN:
1664-2392
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Journal Volume:
12
Keyword:
anabolism, congenital lipodystrophy, BSCL2, bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), endocrinology and metabolism, SEIPIN, exercise, and bone
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:
Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University
Person:
Xie, Zhihui, Styner, Martin A., Styner, Maya, Rubin, Janet, McGrath, Cody, Coleman, Rosalind A., Sankaran, Jeyantt Srinivas, Little-Letsinger, Sarah E., Zong, Xiaopeng, Klett, Eric L., Sen, Buer, and Chen, Weiqin
A SWOT Analysis of Portable and Low-Cost Markerless Motion Capture Systems to Assess Lower-Limb Musculoskeletal Kinematics in Sport
Creator:
Kiefer, Adam W., Willoughby, Dominic, and Armitano-Lago, Cortney
Date of publication:
2022
Abstract Tesim:
Markerless motion capture systems are promising for the assessment of movement in more real world research and clinical settings. While the technology has come a long way in the last 20 years, it is important for researchers and clinicians to understand the capacities and considerations for implementing these types of systems. The current review provides a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis related to the successful adoption of markerless motion capture technology for the assessment of lower-limb musculoskeletal kinematics in sport medicine and performance settings. 31 articles met the a priori inclusion criteria of this analysis. Findings from the analysis indicate that the improving accuracy of these systems via the refinement of machine learning algorithms, combined with their cost efficacy and the enhanced ecological validity outweighs the current weaknesses and threats. Further, the analysis makes clear that there is a need for multidisciplinary collaboration between sport scientists and computer vision scientists to develop accurate clinical and research applications that are specific to sport. While work remains to be done for broad application, markerless motion capture technology is currently on a positive trajectory and the data from this analysis provide an efficient roadmap toward widespread adoption.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Exercise and Sport Science
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/mvgp-ns82
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.809898
ISSN:
2624-9367
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
Journal Volume:
3
Keyword:
SWOT, sports medicine, motion capture (Mocap), kinematics, and markerless
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:
Elon University
Person:
Kiefer, Adam W., Willoughby, Dominic, and Armitano-Lago, Cortney
A New Tool to Evaluate, Improve, and Sustain Marine Protected Area Financing Built on a Comprehensive Review of Finance Sources and Instruments
Creator:
Jacquet, Jennifer, Nye, Janet, Sumaila, U. Rashid, Pikitch, Ellen K., Bohorquez, John J., and Dvarskas, Anthony
Date of publication:
2022
Abstract Tesim:
Marine protected areas (MPAs) require sustained funding to provide sustained marine protection. Up until now government budgets, multi- and bi-lateral aid, and philanthropic grants have been commonly relied upon to finance the management and enforcement of MPAs. But new funding mechanisms, such as impact investments or blue carbon, are increasingly applied and developed. Here, we present a semi-structured review that identifies 11 or more sources of finance, 21 financial instruments and more than 75 potential combinations thereof that show the current diversity of financial mechanisms available to support MPA establishment and operations. Based on the review, we developed nearly 100 indicators reflecting environmental, governmental, socioeconomic, and management characteristics that can inform the appropriateness, and corresponding strengths and weaknesses, of applying these financial mechanisms to any given MPA. The outputs provide a series of recommendations for implementing new funding mechanisms and ways to improve the sustainability of in-place mechanisms. The findings were compiled into a replicable framework and excel tool that was pilot tested in May 2021 for Parque Nacional Natural Corales de Profundidad in Colombia that identified potential ways to improve upon financial mechanisms, including, hiring a full-time manager and potential alternative mechanisms like biodiversity offsets from fossil fuel exploration and exploitation, among several others. The research also identified barriers for implementing financial mechanisms that reflect broader systemic challenges for MPA finance worldwide.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Institute of Marine Sciences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/c4r7-qx02
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.742846
ISSN:
2296-7745
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Marine Science
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
marine protected area finance, management tools, sustainable finance, marine protected areas, marine conservation, conservation finance, and Parque Nacional Natural Corales de Profundidad
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:
New York University, University of British Columbia, and Stony Brook University
Person:
Jacquet, Jennifer, Nye, Janet, Sumaila, U. Rashid, Pikitch, Ellen K., Bohorquez, John J., and Dvarskas, Anthony
Editorial: Similarities and Discrepancies Across Family Members at Multiple Levels: Insights From Behavior, Psychophysiology, and Neuroimaging
Creator:
Rogers, Christy Rae, Qu, Yang, Lee, Tae-Ho, Kim, Sun Hyung, and Liu, Siwei
Date of publication:
2022
Abstract Tesim:
Family members are responsive to one another not just in what they verbally communicate with one another, but can also be connected through psychological, behavioral, physiological, and neural processes. These complex family dynamics can be represented as similarities and discrepancies between family members in various developmental processes. Such similarities may prepare developing youth to adapt to their family environments, as well as outside environments including schools, neighborhood, and community spaces. As a growing number of studies are examining the role of parent-child concordance or synchrony in youth development (e.g., Lee et al., 2017, 2018; Nguyen et al., 2021), it is critical to identify similarities and discrepancies across family members at different levels (e.g., perception, behavior, biology) to inform our understanding of how families affect adolescent functioning and well-being. There is a need to gather convergent evidence on interpersonal family similarity using a variety of approaches (e.g., observation, survey, psychophysiology, and neuroimaging) across family subsystems. This Research Topic aims to provide as interdisciplinary understanding of how multi-level interpersonal similarity across family members can contribute to youth development.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Psychiatry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/a1mz-zr37
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.831048
ISSN:
1664-1078
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Psychology
Journal Volume:
12
Keyword:
family similarity, neurobiological processes, positive youth development, quantitative similarity, psychological processes, parenting, and parent-child dynamics
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:
Texas Tech University, Northwestern University, Virginia Tech, and University of California, Davis
Person:
Rogers, Christy Rae, Qu, Yang, Lee, Tae-Ho, Kim, Sun Hyung, and Liu, Siwei