Frontiers
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UNC-authored articles published by Frontiers
Works (762)
561. The intentionality of smell
- Title Tesim:
- The intentionality of smell
- Creator:
- Lycan, William G.
- Date of publication:
- 2014
- Abstract Tesim:
- If any sense modality represents, vision does, but argument is needed to show that smell does. This paper rebuts two reasons for doubting that smell represents, and offers several arguments that it does. The paper then considers several recent proposals as to exactly what a smell represents, and defends a version of the author's original proposal—that a smell represents a miasma in the air—against its competitors.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/f8/ca/d5/63/f8cad563-9b67-4053-a6f6-f544764d92b7
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/gpwj-bf09
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: 5f62c70eb0653388eb7c7dc515f7ce1d8f7a5345, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00436, PMCID: PMC4034408, and PMID: 24904458
- ISSN:
- 1664-1078
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Journal Volume:
- 5
- Keyword:
- Smell, objects, Olfaction, intentionality, and representation
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Lycan, William G.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- cj82kf88b
562. Next-generation leadership development in family businesses: the critical roles of shared vision and family climate
- Title Tesim:
- Next-generation leadership development in family businesses: the critical roles of shared vision and family climate
- Creator:
- Miller, Stephen P.
- Date of publication:
- 2014
- Abstract Tesim:
- The multigenerational survival rate for family-owned businesses is not good. Lack of a shared vision for the family enterprise and weak next-generation leadership are often cited as two of the leading reasons for the failure of family firms to successfully transition from one generation of family ownership to the next. The climate of the business-owning family has also been suggested as important to the performance of the family enterprise. Despite these commonly held tenets, there is a lack of rigorous quantitative research that explores the relationships among these three factors. To address this gap, a quantitative study of 100 next-generation family firm leaders and 350 family and non-family leaders and employees with whom they work was conducted. The results demonstrate that a shared vision for the family business has a strong effect on the leadership effectiveness of next-generation family leaders and a moderate effect on the degree to which they are positively engaged with their work. The findings also show that two dimensions of family climate significantly influence the likelihood that a shared vision for the family firm has been created. Open communication in the family is positively related to the presence of a shared vision for the business. Intergenerational authority, which refers to a senior generation that exercises unquestioned authority and sets the rules, is negatively related to the presence of a shared vision. Surprisingly, a third dimension of family climate, cognitive cohesion, which includes shared values in the family, had no relationship with the degree to which there was a shared vision for the family business. The implications for family business owners is that they would be wise to spend as much time on fostering a positive family climate characterized by open communication as they do on creating and executing a successful business strategy if their goal is to pass the business from one generation of family owners to the next.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/f8/ca/d5/63/f8cad563-9b67-4053-a6f6-f544764d92b7
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/rq03-bf84
- Identifier:
- PMCID: PMC4255618, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01335, Onescience id: 87191b6ae2e20492d10e60be122f6db2628baa2e, and PMID: 25538639
- ISSN:
- 1664-1078
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Journal Volume:
- 5
- Keyword:
- work engagement, Family Business, open communication, Shared Vision, family climate, leadership effectiveness, intergenerational authority, and next-generation leader
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Miller, Stephen P.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 6q182s55j
563. Reading a book can change your mind, but only some changes last for a year: food attitude changes in readers of The Omnivore's Dilemma
- Title Tesim:
- Reading a book can change your mind, but only some changes last for a year: food attitude changes in readers of The Omnivore's Dilemma
- Creator:
- Rozin, Paul, Green, Melanie C., Fincher, Katrina, and Hormes, Julia M.
- Date of publication:
- 2013
- Abstract Tesim:
- Attitude change is a critical component of health behavior change, but has rarely been studied longitudinally following extensive exposures to persuasive materials such as full-length movies, books, or plays. We examined changes in attitudes related to food production and consumption in college students who had read Michael Pollan's book The Omnivore's Dilemma as part of a University-wide reading project. Composite attitudes toward organic foods, local produce, meat, and the quality of the American food supply, as well as opposition to government subsidies, distrust in corporations, and commitment to the environmental movement were significantly and substantially impacted, in comparison to students who had not read the book. Much of the attitude change disappeared after 1 year; however, over the course of 12 months self-reported opposition to government subsidies and belief that the quality of the food supply is declining remained elevated in readers of the book, compared to non-readers. Findings have implications for our understanding of the nature of changes in attitudes to food and eating in response to extensive exposure to coherent and engaging messages targeting health behaviors.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/f8/ca/d5/63/f8cad563-9b67-4053-a6f6-f544764d92b7
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/jwer-k663
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: 4401f5368013615cc2b529e05b4c3f61908b3a6e, PMCID: PMC3813896, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00778, and PMID: 24198795
- ISSN:
- 1664-1078
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Journal Volume:
- 4
- Keyword:
- book, attitude change, narrative, meat, and longitudinal
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Rozin, Paul, Green, Melanie C., Fincher, Katrina, and Hormes, Julia M.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- m613n4778
564. Exploring the role of gaze behavior and object detection in scene understanding
- Title Tesim:
- Exploring the role of gaze behavior and object detection in scene understanding
- Creator:
- Samaras, Dimitris, Berg, Tamara L., Peng, Yifan, Yun, Kiwon, and Zelinsky, Gregory J.
- Date of publication:
- 2013
- Abstract Tesim:
- We posit that a person's gaze behavior while freely viewing a scene contains an abundance of information, not only about their intent and what they consider to be important in the scene, but also about the scene's content. Experiments are reported, using two popular image datasets from computer vision, that explore the relationship between the fixations that people make during scene viewing, how they describe the scene, and automatic detection predictions of object categories in the scene. From these exploratory analyses, we then combine human behavior with the outputs of current visual recognition methods to build prototype human-in-the-loop applications for gaze-enabled object detection and scene annotation.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/f8/ca/d5/63/f8cad563-9b67-4053-a6f6-f544764d92b7
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/0mzq-dc88
- Identifier:
- PMCID: PMC3854460, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00917, Onescience id: e30253d24bc0412321662d5ddacb14b0a9cc67b3, and PMID: 24367348
- ISSN:
- 1664-1078
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Journal Volume:
- 4
- Keyword:
- computer vision, scene understanding, gaze, object detection, description, and image annotation
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Samaras, Dimitris, Berg, Tamara L., Peng, Yifan, Yun, Kiwon, and Zelinsky, Gregory J.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- kp78gp680
565. Effect of prenatal cocaine on early postnatal thermoregulation and ultrasonic vocalization production
- Title Tesim:
- Effect of prenatal cocaine on early postnatal thermoregulation and ultrasonic vocalization production
- Creator:
- Garber, Kristin A., Tien, Hsiao, McMurray, Matthew S., Johns, Josephine M., Meiners, Stephanie M., and Zeskind, Philip S.
- Date of publication:
- 2013
- Abstract Tesim:
- Prenatal cocaine exposure can alter the postnatal care received by rat pups. Such effects could be caused in part by alterations in pup-produced stimuli that elicit early postnatal maternal care. Pup ultrasonic vocalizations are thought to be a particularly salient stimulus, and when paired with other cues, may elicit maternal attention. Cocaine is known to acutely alter thermoregulatory and cardiac function, thus prenatal cocaine may affect vocalizations through altering these functions. The data presented here determine the impact of full term prenatal cocaine exposure, saline exposure, or no exposure on thermogenic capacity, cardiac function, and the resulting ultrasonic vocalizations across the early postnatal period (days 1–5). Results indicated that while sharing many similar characteristics with saline-exposed and untreated animals, prenatal cocaine exposure was associated with specific alterations in vocalization characteristics on postnatal day 1 (PND 1), including call amplitude. Furthermore, numerous spectral parameters of their vocalizations were found altered on PND 3, including rate, call duration, and frequency, while no alterations were found on PND 5. Additionally, cocaine-exposed pups also showed a reduced thermoregulatory capacity compared to saline animals and reduced cardiac mass compared to untreated animals on PND 5. Together, these findings indicate that prenatal cocaine may be altering the elicitation of maternal care through its impact on vocalizations and thermoregulation, and suggests a potential mechanism for these effects through cocaine's impact on developing stress systems.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/f8/ca/d5/63/f8cad563-9b67-4053-a6f6-f544764d92b7
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/1sh1-em73
- Identifier:
- PMID: 24324452, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00882, PMCID: PMC3840503, and Onescience id: 93003ae8bc2246f70c6622ee903bea7977dec15d
- ISSN:
- 1664-1078
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Journal Volume:
- 4
- Keyword:
- ultrasonic vocalization, Postnatal Care, Prenatal cocaine, Cardiac, Cocaine, stress, Rattus norvegicus, Thermogenesis, Body Temperature Regulation, and brown adipose tissue
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Garber, Kristin A., Tien, Hsiao, McMurray, Matthew S., Johns, Josephine M., Meiners, Stephanie M., and Zeskind, Philip S.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 4j03d640x
566. Damaged Self-Esteem is Associated with Internalizing Problems
- Title Tesim:
- Damaged Self-Esteem is Associated with Internalizing Problems
- Creator:
- Scholte, Ron H. J., Prinstein, Mitchell J., Engels, Rutger C. M. E., Wiers, Reinout W., and Creemers, Daan H. M.
- Date of publication:
- 2013
- Abstract Tesim:
- Implicit and explicit self-esteem are assumed to be important factors in understanding the onset and maintenance of psychological problems. The current study aims to examine the association between implicit and explicit self-esteem and their interaction with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. Specifically, the relationship between the size and the direction of the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness were examined. Participants were 95 young female adults (M = 21.2 years, SD = 1.88) enrolled in higher education. We administered the IAT to assess implicit self-esteem, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to measure explicit self-esteem while psychological problems were assessed through self-reports. Results showed that discrepancies between implicit and explicit self-esteem were positively associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. In addition, the direction of the discrepancy was specifically relevant: damaged self-esteem (i.e., high implicit self-esteem and low explicit self-esteem) was consistently associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. In contrast, defensive or fragile self-esteem (i.e., low implicit and high explicit self-esteem) was solely associated with loneliness. These findings provide further support that specifically damaged self-esteem is an important vulnerability marker for depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/f8/ca/d5/63/f8cad563-9b67-4053-a6f6-f544764d92b7
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/24q8-gb64
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: a1f89c04f8fef9736d66e08913178331110a7497, PMID: 23565101, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00152, and PMCID: PMC3613594
- ISSN:
- 1664-1078
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Journal Volume:
- 4
- Keyword:
- Damaged, self-esteem, Loneliness, Suicidal Ideation, Depression, and implicit cognition
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Scholte, Ron H. J., Prinstein, Mitchell J., Engels, Rutger C. M. E., Wiers, Reinout W., and Creemers, Daan H. M.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- tm70n2463
567. Causal Rasch models
- Title Tesim:
- Causal Rasch models
- Creator:
- Fisher, William P., Stenner, A. Jackson, Burdick, Donald S., and Stone, Mark H.
- Date of publication:
- 2013
- Abstract Tesim:
- Rasch's unidimensional models for measurement show how to connect object measures (e.g., reader abilities), measurement mechanisms (e.g., machine-generated cloze reading items), and observational outcomes (e.g., counts correct on reading instruments). Substantive theory shows what interventions or manipulations to the measurement mechanism can be traded off against a change to the object measure to hold the observed outcome constant. A Rasch model integrated with a substantive theory dictates the form and substance of permissible interventions. Rasch analysis, absent construct theory and an associated specification equation, is a black box in which understanding may be more illusory than not. Finally, the quantitative hypothesis can be tested by comparing theory-based trade-off relations with observed trade-off relations. Only quantitative variables (as measured) support such trade-offs. Note that to test the quantitative hypothesis requires more than manipulation of the algebraic equivalencies in the Rasch model or descriptively fitting data to the model. A causal Rasch model involves experimental intervention/manipulation on either reader ability or text complexity or a conjoint intervention on both simultaneously to yield a successful prediction of the resultant observed outcome (count correct). We conjecture that when this type of manipulation is introduced for individual reader text encounters and model predictions are consistent with observations, the quantitative hypothesis is sustained.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/f8/ca/d5/63/f8cad563-9b67-4053-a6f6-f544764d92b7
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/40f4-yk63
- Identifier:
- Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00536, Onescience id: a99f445e60a18c04ae953ba16a474cd66fcb17af, PMCID: PMC3750201, and PMID: 23986726
- ISSN:
- 1664-1078
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Journal Volume:
- 4
- Keyword:
- prediction, validity, Psychology, Hypothesis and Theory Article, assessment, models, quantification, reading ability, Testing and Assessment, Rasch models, causality, construct validity, and qualitative research
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Fisher, William P., Stenner, A. Jackson, Burdick, Donald S., and Stone, Mark H.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- zc77sx61p
568. Social Communication and Theory of Mind in Boys with Autism and Fragile X Syndrome
- Title Tesim:
- Social Communication and Theory of Mind in Boys with Autism and Fragile X Syndrome
- Creator:
- Martin, Gary E., Klusek, Jessica, Hogan-Brown, Abigail L., Sideris, John, and Losh, Molly
- Date of publication:
- 2012
- Abstract Tesim:
- Impairments in the social use of language, or pragmatics, constitute a core characteristic of autism. Problems with pragmatic language have also been documented in fragile X syndrome (FXS), a monogenic condition that is the most common known genetic cause of autism. Evidence suggests that social cognitive ability, or theory of mind, may also be impaired in both conditions, and in autism, may importantly relate to pragmatic language ability. Given the substantial overlap observed in autism and FXS, this study aimed to better define those social-communicative phenotypes that overlap in these two conditions by comparing pragmatic language ability and theory of mind in children with idiopathic autism and children with FXS, with and without autism, as well as children with Down syndrome and typically developing controls. We further examined correlations between these cognitive-behavioral phenotypes and molecular genetic variation related to the Fragile X Mental Retardation-1 gene (FMR1) in the FXS group. Results indicated that children with idiopathic autism and those with FXS and autism performed comparably on direct-assessment measures of pragmatic language and theory of mind, whereas those with FXS only did not differ from controls. Theory of mind was related to pragmatic language ability in all groups. Pragmatic language and theory of mind also correlated with genetic variation at the FMR1 locus (Cytosine-Guanine-Guanine repeats and percent methylation). These results point toward substantial overlap in the social and language phenotypes in autism and FXS and suggest a molecular genetic basis to these phenotypic profiles.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/f8/ca/d5/63/f8cad563-9b67-4053-a6f6-f544764d92b7
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/nk1z-zc50
- Identifier:
- PMCID: PMC3422728, Onescience id: 39b1b7035a8f60c22b1d3178ff1ea92c9680bf12, PMID: 22934085, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00266
- ISSN:
- 1664-1078
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Psychology
- Journal Volume:
- 3
- Keyword:
- pragmatic language, Theory of Mind, Fragile X Syndrome, autism, and social communication
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Martin, Gary E., Klusek, Jessica, Hogan-Brown, Abigail L., Sideris, John, and Losh, Molly
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- cf95jj78v
569. Mindfulness Training Targets Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Addiction at the Attention-Appraisal-Emotion Interface
- Title Tesim:
- Mindfulness Training Targets Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Addiction at the Attention-Appraisal-Emotion Interface
- Creator:
- Froeliger, Brett, Howard, Matthew O., and Garland, Eric L.
- Date of publication:
- 2014
- Abstract Tesim:
- Prominent neuroscience models suggest that addictive behavior occurs when environmental stressors and drug-relevant cues activate a cycle of cognitive, affective, and psychophysiological mechanisms, including dysregulated interactions between bottom-up and top-down neural processes, that compel the user to seek out and use drugs. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) target pathogenic mechanisms of the risk chain linking stress and addiction. This review describes how MBIs may target neurocognitive mechanisms of addiction at the attention-appraisal-emotion interface. Empirical evidence is presented suggesting that MBIs ameliorate addiction by enhancing cognitive regulation of a number of key processes, including: clarifying cognitive appraisal and modulating negative emotions to reduce perseverative cognition and emotional arousal; enhancing metacognitive awareness to regulate drug-use action schema and decrease addiction attentional bias; promoting extinction learning to uncouple drug-use triggers from conditioned appetitive responses; reducing cue-reactivity and increasing cognitive control over craving; attenuating physiological stress reactivity through parasympathetic activation; and increasing savoring to restore natural reward processing. Treatment and research implications of our neurocognitive framework are presented. We conclude by offering a temporally sequenced description of neurocognitive processes targeted by MBIs through a hypothetical case study. Our neurocognitive framework has implications for the optimization of addiction treatment with MBIs.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/f8/ca/d5/63/f8cad563-9b67-4053-a6f6-f544764d92b7
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/v5hf-8994
- Identifier:
- PMCID: PMC3887509, Onescience id: b4324afec7cbaa6e0bd02ba0f020d6676a5b0db8, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00173, and PMID: 24454293
- ISSN:
- 1664-0640
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Psychiatry
- Journal Volume:
- 4
- Keyword:
- automaticity, Attention, habit, Psychological, substance dependence, Stress, Reappraisal vs Suppression, Reward Learning, emotion, reward processing, Stress, Psychological, Addiction, mindfulness, and neurocognitive
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Froeliger, Brett, Howard, Matthew O., and Garland, Eric L.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- rr1724685
570. Cooperative control between AtRGS1 and AtHXK1 in a WD40-repeat protein pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana
- Title Tesim:
- Cooperative control between AtRGS1 and AtHXK1 in a WD40-repeat protein pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana
- Creator:
- Chang, Ying, Jones, Alan M., Huang, Jian-Ping, and Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral
- Date of publication:
- 2015
- Abstract Tesim:
- HEXOKINASE 1 (AtHXK1) and Regulator of G-protein Signaling 1 (AtRGS1) pathways, mediate D-glucose signaling in Arabidopsis. However, it is not known the degree, if any, that these pathways overlap and how. We show modest signaling crosstalk between these pathways, albeit complex with both epistatic interactions and additive effects that may be indirect. The action of HXK1 on AtRGS1 signaling lies downstream of the primary step in G protein-mediated sugar signaling in which the WD-repeat protein, AGB1, is the propelling signaling element. RHIP1, a previously unknown protein predicted here to have a 3-stranded helical structure, interacts with both AtRGS1 and AtHXK1 in planta and is required for some glucose-regulated gene expression, providing a physical connection between these two proteins in sugar signaling. The rhip1 null mutant displays similar seedling growth phenotypes as rgs1-2 in response to glucose, further suggesting a role for RHIP1 in glucose signaling. In conclusion, glucose signaling is a complex hierarchical relationship which is specific to the target gene and sugar phenotype and suggests that there are two glycolysis-independent glucose signaling sensors: AtRGS1 and AtHXK1 that weakly communicate with each other via feed-back and feed-forward loops to fine tune the response to glucose.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/f8/ca/d5/63/f8cad563-9b67-4053-a6f6-f544764d92b7
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/ce0f-ff77
- Identifier:
- PMID: 26528314, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00851, Onescience id: faa88d6ffaf7e991e58df8e46838c54e267051a3, and PMCID: PMC4602111
- ISSN:
- 1664-462X
- Journal Title:
- Frontiers in Plant Science
- Journal Volume:
- 6
- Keyword:
- Arabidopsis, hexokinase 1 (HXK1), Arabidopsis regulator of G-protein signaling 1 protein (AtRGS1), plant heterotrimeric G protein, and sugar signaling
- Language Label:
- English
- Person:
- Chang, Ying, Jones, Alan M., Huang, Jian-Ping, and Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- kw52jf97q
Collection Details
- Total items
-
762
- Size
-
unknown
- Date created
-
May 26, 2022