Frontiers

User Collection Public
UNC logo

UNC-authored articles published by Frontiers

Works (698)

View results as:
List List Masonry Masonry Slideshow Slideshow
Sort the listing of items  

661. The Guaymas Basin Hiking Guide to Hydrothermal Mounds, Chimneys, and Microbial Mats: Complex Seafloor Expressions of Subsurface Hydrothermal Circulation

Title Tesim:
The Guaymas Basin Hiking Guide to Hydrothermal Mounds, Chimneys, and Microbial Mats: Complex Seafloor Expressions of Subsurface Hydrothermal Circulation
Creator:
Mendlovitz, Howard P., Hoer, Daniel, Lloyd, Karen G., MacGregor, Barbara J., Albert, Daniel B., Røy, Hans, Lever, Mark A., McKay, Luke J., Biddle, Jennifer F., De Beer, Dirk, Tivey, Margaret K., and Teske, Andreas
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
The hydrothermal mats, mounds, and chimneys of the southern Guaymas Basin are the surface expression of complex subsurface hydrothermal circulation patterns. In this overview, we document the most frequently visited features of this hydrothermal area with photographs, temperature measurements, and selected geochemical data; many of these distinct habitats await characterization of their microbial communities and activities. Microprofiler deployments on microbial mats and hydrothermal sediments show their steep geochemical and thermal gradients at millimeter-scale vertical resolution. Mapping these hydrothermal features and sampling locations within the southern Guaymas Basin suggest linkages to underlying shallow sills and heat flow gradients. Recognizing the inherent spatial limitations of much current Guaymas Basin sampling calls for comprehensive surveys of the wider spreading region.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Marine Sciences
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/344d-np49
Identifier:
PMCID: PMC4757712, Onescience id: 9b500a430f69c88719519d0fae22bf0b13bdd54d, PMID: 26925032, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00075
ISSN:
1664-302X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Microbiology
Journal Volume:
7
Keyword:
RV Atlantis, porewater chemistry, in situ profiles, hydrothermal sediment, Beggiatoa mat, Alvin, heatflow, hydrothermal circulation, and Guaymas basin
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology; University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Center for Geomicrobiology; Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Sciences; Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Center for Biofilm Engineering; Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Montana State University, School of Marine Science and Policy; University of Delaware, Microsensor Group; Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, and Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Person:
Mendlovitz, Howard P., Hoer, Daniel, Lloyd, Karen G., MacGregor, Barbara J., Albert, Daniel B., Røy, Hans, Lever, Mark A., McKay, Luke J., Biddle, Jennifer F., De Beer, Dirk, Tivey, Margaret K., and Teske, Andreas
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
6682x915v

662. Riverine Bacterial Communities Reveal Environmental Disturbance Signatures within the Betaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia

Title Tesim:
Riverine Bacterial Communities Reveal Environmental Disturbance Signatures within the Betaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia
Creator:
Balmonte, John Paul, McKee, Brent A., Teske, Andreas, Arnosti, Carol, and Underwood, Sarah
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
Riverine bacterial communities play an essential role in the biogeochemical coupling of terrestrial and marine environments, transforming elements and organic matter in their journey from land to sea. However, precisely due to the fact that rivers receive significant terrestrial input, the distinction between resident freshwater taxa vs. land-derived microbes can often become ambiguous. Furthermore, ecosystem perturbations could introduce allochthonous microbial groups and reshape riverine bacterial communities. Using full- and partial-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences, we analyzed the composition of bacterial communities in the Tar River of North Carolina from November 2010 to November 2011, during which a natural perturbation occurred: the inundation of the lower reaches of an otherwise drought-stricken river associated with Hurricane Irene, which passed over eastern North Carolina in late August 2011. This event provided the opportunity to examine the microbiological, hydrological, and geochemical impacts of a disturbance, defined here as the large freshwater influx into the Tar River, superimposed on seasonal changes or other ecosystem variability independent of the hurricane. Our findings demonstrate that downstream communities are more taxonomically diverse and temporally variable than their upstream counterparts. More importantly, pre- vs. post-disturbance taxonomic comparison of the freshwater-dominant Betaproteobacteria class and the phylum Verrucomicrobia reveal a disturbance signature of previously undetected taxa of diverse origins. We use known traits of closely-related taxa to interpret the ecological function of disturbance-associated bacteria, and hypothesize that carbon cycling was enhanced post-disturbance in the Tar River, likely due to the flux of organic carbon into the system associated with the large freshwater pulse. Our analyses demonstrate the importance of geochemical and hydrological alterations in structuring bacterial communities, and illustrate the response of temperate riverine bacteria on fine taxonomic scales to a disturbance.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Marine Sciences
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/8e9x-db27
Identifier:
Onescience id: f47372c000d8c021b7d3f09f7b31301bf6466b4a, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01441, PMCID: PMC5023673, and PMID: 27695444
ISSN:
1664-302X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Microbiology
Journal Volume:
7
Keyword:
river, Verrucomicrobia, bacterial community, Betaproteobacteria, and 16S rRNA gene
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Person:
Balmonte, John Paul, McKee, Brent A., Teske, Andreas, Arnosti, Carol, and Underwood, Sarah
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
q237hx807

663. Quantification of Viral and Prokaryotic Production Rates in Benthic Ecosystems: A Methods Comparison

Title Tesim:
Quantification of Viral and Prokaryotic Production Rates in Benthic Ecosystems: A Methods Comparison
Creator:
Danovaro, Roberto, Middelboe, Mathias, Rastelli, Eugenio, Noble, Rachel T., Corinaldesi, Cinzia, and Dell'Anno, Antonio
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
Viruses profoundly influence benthic marine ecosystems by infecting and subsequently killing their prokaryotic hosts, thereby impacting the cycling of carbon and nutrients. Previously conducted studies, based on different methodologies, have provided widely differing estimates of the relevance of viruses on benthic prokaryotes. There has been no attempt so far to compare these independent approaches, including contextual comparisons among different approaches for sample manipulation (i.e., dilution or not of the sediments during incubations), between methods based on epifluorescence microscopy (EFM) or radiotracers, and between the use of different radiotracers. Therefore, it has been difficult to identify the most suitable methodologies and protocols to be used as standard approaches for the quantification of viral infections of prokaryotes. Here, we compared for the first time different methods for determining viral and prokaryotic production rates in marine sediments collected at two benthic sites, differing in depth and environmental conditions. We used a highly replicated experimental design, testing the potential biases associated to the incubation of sediments as diluted or undiluted. In parallel, we also compared EFM counts with the 3H-thymidine incubations for the determination of viral production rates, and the use of 3H-thymidine versus 3H-leucine radiotracers for the determination of prokaryotic production. We show here that, independent from sediment dilution, EFM-based values of viral production ranged from 1.4 to 4.6 × 107 viruses g-1 h-1, and were similar but overall less variable compared to those obtained by the 3H-thymidine method (0.3 to 9.0 × 107 viruses g-1h-1). In addition, the prokaryotic production rates were not affected by sediment dilution, and the use of different radiotracers provided very consistent estimates (10.3–35.1 and 9.3–34.6 ngC g-1h-1 using the 3H-thymidine or 3H-leucine method, respectively). These results indicated that viral lysis was responsible for the abatement of 55–81% of the prokaryotic heterotrophic production, corroborating previous findings of the major role of viruses in benthic deep-sea ecosystems. Moreover, our methodological comparison for the analysis of viral production in marine sediments suggests that microscopy-based approaches are simpler and more cost-effective than those based on radiotracers. These approaches also reduce time to results and overcome issues related to generation of radioactive waste.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/8ggq-1j47
Identifier:
Onescience id: 9be172c639253a14fcb1a8ae07e696a0b09118e9, PMID: 27713739, PMCID: PMC5032637, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01501
ISSN:
1664-302X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Microbiology
Journal Volume:
7
Keyword:
Tritiated leucine, Deep-sea ecosystem, viral production, Tritiated thymidine, QR1-502, Epifluorescence microscopy, virus-induced prokaryotic mortality, Microbiology, and marine sediments
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences; Polytechnic University of Marche, and Marine Biological Section; Department of Biology; University of Copenhagen
Person:
Danovaro, Roberto, Middelboe, Mathias, Rastelli, Eugenio, Noble, Rachel T., Corinaldesi, Cinzia, and Dell'Anno, Antonio
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
pg15bk69m

664. Microbial Communities in Methane- and Short Chain Alkane-Rich Hydrothermal Sediments of Guaymas Basin

Title Tesim:
Microbial Communities in Methane- and Short Chain Alkane-Rich Hydrothermal Sediments of Guaymas Basin
Creator:
Dowell, Frederick, Kellermann, Matthias Y., Lipp, Julius S., Lloyd, Karen G., Ruff, S. Emil, Cardman, Zena, Biddle, Jennifer F., Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe, Teske, Andreas, Albert, Daniel B., Dasarathy, Srishti, McKay, Luke J., Mendlovitz, Howard, and MacGregor, Barbara J.
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
The hydrothermal sediments of Guaymas Basin, an active spreading center in the Gulf of California (Mexico), are rich in porewater methane, short-chain alkanes, sulfate and sulfide, and provide a model system to explore habitat preferences of microorganisms, including sulfate-dependent, methane- and short chain alkane-oxidizing microbial communities. In this study, hot sediments (above 60°C) covered with sulfur-oxidizing microbial mats surrounding a hydrothermal mound (termed “Mat Mound”) were characterized by porewater geochemistry of methane, C2–C6 short-chain alkanes, sulfate, sulfide, sulfate reduction rate measurements, in situ temperature gradients, bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and V6 tag pyrosequencing. The most abundantly detected groups in the Mat mound sediments include anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea of the ANME-1 lineage and its sister clade ANME-1Guaymas, the uncultured bacterial groups SEEP-SRB2 within the Deltaproteobacteria and the separately branching HotSeep-1 Group; these uncultured bacteria are candidates for sulfate-reducing alkane oxidation and for sulfate-reducing syntrophy with ANME archaea. The archaeal dataset indicates distinct habitat preferences for ANME-1, ANME-1-Guaymas, and ANME-2 archaea in Guaymas Basin hydrothermal sediments. The bacterial groups SEEP-SRB2 and HotSeep-1 co-occur with ANME-1 and ANME-1Guaymas in hydrothermally active sediments underneath microbial mats in Guaymas Basin. We propose the working hypothesis that this mixed bacterial and archaeal community catalyzes the oxidation of both methane and short-chain alkanes, and constitutes a microbial community signature that is characteristic for hydrothermal and/or cold seep sediments containing both substrates.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Marine Sciences
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/a9p6-1x29
Identifier:
Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00017, PMID: 26858698, Onescience id: cc7d81e0d0f07ef1a595c1f7ef8e2ba587008808, and PMCID: PMC4731509
ISSN:
1664-302X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Microbiology
Journal Volume:
7
Keyword:
Original Research, Hydrothermal Vents, Guaymas basin, alkanes, ANME, sediment, Alkanes, Methane, Guaymas Basin, hydrothermal vents, methane, and Microbiology
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute; University of California at Santa Barbara, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences; Department of Geosciences; University of Bremen, Department of Microbiology; The University of Tennessee, Energy Bioengineering Group; Department of Geoscience; University of Calgary, HGF-MPG Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology; Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, School of Marine Science and Policy; University of Delaware, and Center for Biofilm Engineering; Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Montana State University
Person:
Dowell, Frederick, Kellermann, Matthias Y., Lipp, Julius S., Lloyd, Karen G., Ruff, S. Emil, Cardman, Zena, Biddle, Jennifer F., Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe, Teske, Andreas, Albert, Daniel B., Dasarathy, Srishti, McKay, Luke J., Mendlovitz, Howard, and MacGregor, Barbara J.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
12579z310

665. Ebola VP40 in Exosomes Can Cause Immune Cell Dysfunction

Title Tesim:
Ebola VP40 in Exosomes Can Cause Immune Cell Dysfunction
Creator:
Aman, , Barclay, Robert A., Lepene, Benjamin, Iordanskiy, Sergey, Schwab, Angela, DeMarino, Catherine, Pleet, Michelle L., Kashanchi, Fatah, Mathiesen, Allison, Akpamagbo, Yao A., Nekhai, Sergei, and Sampey, Gavin C.
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
Ebola virus (EBOV) is an enveloped, ssRNA virus from the family Filoviridae capable of causing severe hemorrhagic fever with up to 80–90% mortality rates. The most recent outbreak of EBOV in West Africa starting in 2014 resulted in over 11,300 deaths; however, long-lasting persistence and recurrence in survivors has been documented, potentially leading to further transmission of the virus. We have previously shown that exosomes from cells infected with HIV-1, HTLV-1 and Rift Valley Fever virus are able to transfer viral proteins and non-coding RNAs to naïve recipient cells, resulting in an altered cellular activity. In the current manuscript, we examined the effect of Ebola structural proteins VP40, GP, NP and VLPs on recipient immune cells, as well as the effect of exosomes containing these proteins on naïve immune cells. We found that VP40-transfected cells packaged VP40 into exosomes, and that these exosomes were capable of inducing apoptosis in recipient immune cells. Additionally, we show that presence of VP40 within parental cells or in exosomes delivered to naïve cells could result in the regulation of RNAi machinery including Dicer, Drosha, and Ago 1, which may play a role in the induction of cell death in recipient immune cells. Exosome biogenesis was regulated by VP40 in transfected cells by increasing levels of ESCRT-II proteins EAP20 and EAP45, and exosomal marker proteins CD63 and Alix. VP40 was phosphorylated by Cdk2/Cyclin complexes at Serine 233 which could be reversed with r-Roscovitine treatment. The level of VP40-containing exosomes could also be regulated by treated cells with FDA-approved Oxytetracycline. Additionally, we utilized novel nanoparticles to safely capture VP40 and other viral proteins from Ebola VLPs spiked into human samples using SDS/reducing agents, thus minimizing the need for BSL-4 conditions for most downstream assays. Collectively, our data indicates that VP40 packaged into exosomes may be responsible for the deregulation and eventual destruction of the T-cell and myeloid arms of the immune system (bystander lymphocyte apoptosis), allowing the virus to replicate to high titers in the immunocompromised host. Moreover, our results suggest that the use of drugs such as Oxytetracycline to modulate the levels of exosomes exiting EBOV-infected cells may be able to prevent the devastation of the adaptive immune system and allow for an improved rate of survival.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Medicine
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/ftcy-5k15
Identifier:
Onescience id: 4310e81d804b884c6c928814cf23867e7e894677, PMID: 27872619, PMCID: PMC5098130, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01765
ISSN:
1664-302X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Microbiology
Journal Volume:
7
Keyword:
Serine, Lymphocytes, Apoptosis, DROSHA, TNC, Immune System, Cyclins, DICER1, VPS25, CD63, Proteins, Myeloid Cells, Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport, Cells, PDCD6IP, Viral Proteins, Biogenesis, Fever, VPS36, Exosomes, RNA, Untranslated, Recurrence, Oxytetracycline, Rift Valley Fever, Death, CDK2, Cell Death, and Reducing Agents
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Integrated BioTherapeutics; Inc., Laboratory of Molecular Virology; School of Systems Biology; George Mason University, Ceres Nanosciences Inc., Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty; Department of Microbiology; Immunology and Tropical Medicine; George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Physiological Sciences; Eastern Virginia Medical School, and Center for Sickle Cell Disease; Department of Medicine; Howard University
Person:
Aman, , Barclay, Robert A., Lepene, Benjamin, Iordanskiy, Sergey, Schwab, Angela, DeMarino, Catherine, Pleet, Michelle L., Kashanchi, Fatah, Mathiesen, Allison, Akpamagbo, Yao A., Nekhai, Sergei, and Sampey, Gavin C.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
nv9357639

666. Distinct Bacterial Communities in Surficial Seafloor Sediments Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Blowout

Title Tesim:
Distinct Bacterial Communities in Surficial Seafloor Sediments Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Blowout
Creator:
Yang, Tingting, MacGregor, Barbara J., McKay, Luke, Joye, Samantha B., Teske, Andreas, and Speare, Kelly
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
A major fraction of the petroleum hydrocarbons discharged during the 2010 Macondo oil spill became associated with and sank to the seafloor as marine snow flocs. This sedimentation pulse induced the development of distinct bacterial communities. Between May 2010 and July 2011, full-length 16S rRNA gene clone libraries demonstrated bacterial community succession in oil-polluted sediment samples near the wellhead area. Libraries from early May 2010, before the sedimentation event, served as the baseline control. Freshly deposited oil-derived marine snow was collected on the surface of sediment cores in September 2010, and was characterized by abundantly detected members of the marine Roseobacter cluster within the Alphaproteobacteria. Samples collected in mid-October 2010 closest to the wellhead contained members of the sulfate-reducing, anaerobic bacterial families Desulfobacteraceae and Desulfobulbaceae within the Deltaproteobacteria, suggesting that the oil-derived sedimentation pulse triggered bacterial oxygen consumption and created patchy anaerobic microniches that favored sulfate-reducing bacteria. Phylotypes of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading genus Cycloclasticus, previously found both in surface oil slicks and the deep hydrocarbon plume, were also found in oil-derived marine snow flocs sedimenting on the seafloor in September 2010, and in surficial sediments collected in October and November 2010, but not in any of the control samples. Due to the relative recalcitrance and stability of polycyclic aromatic compounds, Cycloclasticus represents the most persistent microbial marker of seafloor hydrocarbon deposition that we could identify in this dataset. The bacterial imprint of the DWH oil spill had diminished in late November 2010, when the bacterial communities in oil-impacted sediment samples collected near the Macondo wellhead began to resemble their pre-spill counterparts and spatial controls. Samples collected in summer of 2011 did not show a consistent bacterial community signature, suggesting that the bacterial community was no longer shaped by the DWH fallout of oil-derived marine snow, but instead by location-specific and seasonal factors.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Marine Sciences
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/2ea8-vx12
Identifier:
PMCID: PMC5020131, Onescience id: 6c03f1d9b11cb0c55e200deda85746b62002f6ba, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01384, and PMID: 27679609
ISSN:
1664-302X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Microbiology
Journal Volume:
7
Keyword:
Deepwater Horizon, bacterial populations, MOSSFA, marine snow, marine sediment, and Cycloclasticus
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Section for Microbiology and Center for Geomicrobiology; Department of Bioscience; Aarhus University, Center for Biofilm Engineering; Montana State University, Department of Marine Sciences; University of Georgia, and Department of Ecology; Evolution and Marine Biology; University of California at Santa Barbara
Person:
Yang, Tingting, MacGregor, Barbara J., McKay, Luke, Joye, Samantha B., Teske, Andreas, and Speare, Kelly
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
1z40kz691

667. Aligning the Measurement of Microbial Diversity with Macroecological Theory

Title Tesim:
Aligning the Measurement of Microbial Diversity with Macroecological Theory
Creator:
Anderson, Carolyn G., Hurlbert, Allen H., Chen, Xingyuan, Dini-Andreote, Francisco, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Fansler, Sarah J., Stegen, James C., Tfaily, Malak, Hess, Nancy J., and Chu, Rosalie K.
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
The number of microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within a community is akin to species richness within plant/animal (“macrobial”) systems. A large literature documents OTU richness patterns, drawing comparisons to macrobial theory. There is, however, an unrecognized fundamental disconnect between OTU richness and macrobial theory: OTU richness is commonly estimated on a per-individual basis, while macrobial richness is estimated per-area. Furthermore, the range or extent of sampled environmental conditions can strongly influence a study's outcomes and conclusions, but this is not commonly addressed when studying OTU richness. Here we (i) propose a new sampling approach that estimates OTU richness per-mass of soil, which results in strong support for species energy theory, (ii) use data reduction to show how support for niche conservatism emerges when sampling across a restricted range of environmental conditions, and (iii) show how additional insights into drivers of OTU richness can be generated by combining different sampling methods while simultaneously considering patterns that emerge by restricting the range of environmental conditions. We propose that a more rigorous connection between microbial ecology and macrobial theory can be facilitated by exploring how changes in OTU richness units and environmental extent influence outcomes of data analysis. While fundamental differences between microbial and macrobial systems persist (e.g., species concepts), we suggest that closer attention to units and scale provide tangible and immediate improvements to our understanding of the processes governing OTU richness and how those processes relate to drivers of macrobial species richness.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Curriculum in Environment and Ecology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/70pw-7873
Identifier:
PMID: 27721808, PMCID: PMC5033968, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01487, and Onescience id: 4410e4eb0ca5760b8502ab704c148532d01abfa9
ISSN:
1664-302X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Microbiology
Journal Volume:
7
Keyword:
soutènement, Rarefaction, Species energy theory, Niche conservatism, Species richness, forêt d'arbres, nombre, niche, Gestion et management, Soil, communauté, dessin, Boreal forest, Gestion, OTU richness, Permafrost, Etudes de l'environnement, Boréal, littérature, and pergélisol
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Microbial Ecology Cluster; Genomics Research in Ecology and Evolution in Nature (GREEN); Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES); University of Groningen, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Joint Global Change Research Institute, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory
Person:
Anderson, Carolyn G., Hurlbert, Allen H., Chen, Xingyuan, Dini-Andreote, Francisco, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Fansler, Sarah J., Stegen, James C., Tfaily, Malak, Hess, Nancy J., and Chu, Rosalie K.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
3x816s39x

668. Control of Intestinal Inflammation, Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis, and Macrophage Polarization by Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2

Title Tesim:
Control of Intestinal Inflammation, Colitis-Associated Tumorigenesis, and Macrophage Polarization by Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2
Creator:
Wan, Yisong Y., Li, Qi-Jing, Feng, Yi, Guo, Bo, Zhu, Ying, Han, Xiao, Shu, Chi, Zhang, Longhui, Chen, Liying, Wang, Xinxin, Yang, Fei, Zhou, Jie, Zha, Haoran, and Zhu, Bo
Date of publication:
2018
Abstract Tesim:
Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (Fgl2) is critical for immune regulation in the inflammatory state. Elevated Fgl2 levels are observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but little is known about its functional significance. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of Fgl2 in the development of intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Here, we report that Fgl2 deficiency increased susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis and CAC in a mouse model. During colitis development, the expression of the membrane-bound and secreted forms of Fgl2 (mFgl2 and sFgl2, respectively) in the colon were increased and predominantly expressed by colonic macrophages. In addition, using bone marrow chimeric mice, we determined that Fgl2 function in colitis is strictly related to its expression in the hematopoietic cells. Loss of Fgl2 induced the polarization of M1, but suppressed that of M2 both in vivo and in vitro, independent of intestinal inflammation. Thus, Fgl2 suppresses intestinal inflammation and CAC development through its role in macrophage polarization and may serve as a therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases, including IBD.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/g5pr-bs56
Identifier:
PMID: 29441068, Onescience id: 0ac6f1d1c989878a2ed59bf8b730cfc5da714b4e, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.00087, and PMCID: PMC5797584
ISSN:
1664-3224
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Immunology
Journal Volume:
9
Keyword:
FGL2, macrophage polarization, colitis, immune regulation, intestinal inflammation, colitis-associated colorectal cancer, Immune Regulation, Colitis, Colitis-associated colorectal cancer, fibrinogen-like protein 2, and Macrophage polarization
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Immunology; Duke University Medical Center, Institute of Cancer; Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University, and Department of Pathogenic Biology; Third Military Medical University
Person:
Wan, Yisong Y., Li, Qi-Jing, Feng, Yi, Guo, Bo, Zhu, Ying, Han, Xiao, Shu, Chi, Zhang, Longhui, Chen, Liying, Wang, Xinxin, Yang, Fei, Zhou, Jie, Zha, Haoran, and Zhu, Bo
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
028712022

669. Type 1 Diabetes: A Chronic Anti-Self-Inflammatory Response

Title Tesim:
Type 1 Diabetes: A Chronic Anti-Self-Inflammatory Response
Creator:
Kroger, Charles J., Tisch, Roland M., and Clark, Matthew
Date of publication:
2017
Abstract Tesim:
Inflammation is typically induced in response to a microbial infection. The release of proinflammatory cytokines enhances the stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells, as well as recruits adaptive and innate immune effectors to the site of infection. Once the microbe is cleared, inflammation is resolved by various mechanisms to avoid unnecessary tissue damage. Autoimmunity arises when aberrant immune responses target self-tissues causing inflammation. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), T cells attack the insulin producing β cells in the pancreatic islets. Genetic and environmental factors increase T1D risk by in part altering central and peripheral tolerance inducing events. This results in the development and expansion of β cell-specific effector T cells (Teff) which mediate islet inflammation. Unlike protective immunity where inflammation is terminated, autoimmunity is sustained by chronic inflammation. In this review, we will highlight the key events which initiate and sustain T cell-driven pancreatic islet inflammation in nonobese diabetic mice and in human T1D. Specifically, we will discuss: (i) dysregulation of thymic selection events, (ii) the role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that enhance the expansion and pathogenicity of Teff, (iii) defects which impair homeostasis and suppressor activity of FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells, and (iv) properties of β cells which contribute to islet inflammation.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/34pf-0m03
Identifier:
Onescience id: 821720707644924fcf7cc5b996544c17af8e7d64, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01898, PMID: 29312356, and PMCID: PMC5743904
ISSN:
1664-3224
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Immunology
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
autoimmunity, inflammation, T cells, immunoregulation, and type 1 diabetes
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Person:
Kroger, Charles J., Tisch, Roland M., and Clark, Matthew
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
5999n8083

670. P2Y6 Receptor Activation Promotes Inflammation and Tissue Remodeling in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Title Tesim:
P2Y6 Receptor Activation Promotes Inflammation and Tissue Remodeling in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Creator:
Di Virgilio, Francesco, Ayata, Cemil Korcan, Boeynaems, Jean-Marie, Karmouty-Quintana, Harry, Idzko, Marco, Lazarowski, Eduardo R., Fay, Susanne, Robaye, Bernard, Vieira, Rodolfo Paula, Lungarella, Giuseppe, Goldmann, Torsten, Müller, Tobias, Blackburn, Michael R., Zissel, Gernot, Cicko, Sanja, and Ferrari, Davide
Date of publication:
2017
Abstract Tesim:
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with a poor prognosis and very few available treatment options. The involvement of the purinergic receptor subtypes P2Y2 and P2X7 in fibrotic lung disease has been demonstrated recently. In this study, we investigated the role of P2Y6 receptors in the pathogenesis of IPF in humans and in the animal model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. P2Y6R expression was upregulated in lung structural cells but not in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells derived from IPF patients as well as in animals following bleomycin administration. Furthermore, BAL fluid levels of the P2Y6R agonist uridine-5′-diphosphate were elevated in animals with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Inflammation and fibrosis following bleomycin administration were reduced in P2Y6R-deficient compared to wild-type animals confirming the pathophysiological relevance of P2Y6R subtypes for fibrotic lung diseases. Experiments with bone marrow chimeras revealed the importance of P2Y6R expression on lung structural cells for pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Similar effects were obtained when animals were treated with the P2Y6R antagonist MRS2578. In vitro studies demonstrated that proliferation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic cytokine IL-6 by lung fibroblasts are P2Y6R-mediated processes. In summary, our results clearly demonstrate the involvement of P2Y6R subtypes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, blocking pulmonary P2Y6 receptors might be a new target for the treatment of IPF.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Marsico Lung Institute/UNC Cystic Fibrosis Center
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/hzyc-c106
Identifier:
PMCID: PMC5572280, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.01028, PMID: 28878780, and Onescience id: b1409d2b99d11c166a8807b9a837f53e4b9bc2ee
ISSN:
1664-3224
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Immunology
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
Inflammation, Bleomycin, uridine-5′-diphosphate, UDP, animal model, inflammation, Pulmonary Fibrosis, bleomycin, pulmonary fibrosis, and purinergic receptors
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Morphology; Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of Pathology; Oncology and Experimental Biology; University of Ferrara, Department of Pneumology; University Medical Center Freiburg, IRIBHM and Erasme Hospital; Université Libre de Bruxelles, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Texas, Department of Physiopathology and Experimental Medicine; University of Siena, Clinical and Experimental Pathology; Research Center Borstel, and Division of Pneumology; University Hospital RWTH Aachen
Person:
Di Virgilio, Francesco, Ayata, Cemil Korcan, Boeynaems, Jean-Marie, Karmouty-Quintana, Harry, Idzko, Marco, Lazarowski, Eduardo R., Fay, Susanne, Robaye, Bernard, Vieira, Rodolfo Paula, Lungarella, Giuseppe, Goldmann, Torsten, Müller, Tobias, Blackburn, Michael R., Zissel, Gernot, Cicko, Sanja, and Ferrari, Davide
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
79408295m