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701. Expression of the Longest RGS4 Splice Variant in the Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Schizophrenia Patients

Title Tesim:
Expression of the Longest RGS4 Splice Variant in the Prefrontal Cortex Is Associated with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Schizophrenia Patients
Creator:
Styblo, Miroslav, Hegde, Ashok N., Drobná, Zuzana, and Ding, Lan
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
The Regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4) gene is a candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia (SCZ). Previous studies showed that the mRNA level of the longest splice variant RGS4-1 was decreased in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of SCZ patients compared with healthy controls. In this pilot study, we examined the possible mechanisms of RGS4-1 mRNA reduction in SCZ. We genotyped SNP1 (rs10917670), rs2661347, SNP4 (rs951436), SNP7 (rs951439), SNP18 (rs2661319), and rs10799897 (SNP9897) and tested the methylation status of CpG islands of the RGS4 gene in the postmortem DLPFC samples obtained from subjects with SCZ and bipolar disorder as well as healthy controls. RGS4-1 mRNA level was associated with five SNPs (SNP1, rs2661347, SNP4, SNP7, and SNP18) and their haplotypes but not with SNP9897. In addition, this study revealed that RGS4-1 mRNA was low in subjects with specific genotypes of SNP1, rs2661347, SNP4, SNP7, and SNP18. Lower RGS4-1 mRNA expression in the DLPFC of SCZ is associated with SNPs in the 5′ regulatory region of the RGS4 gene but not with the methylation status of its CpG islands.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Nutrition
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/srb8-za85
Identifier:
Onescience id: 16fc3a91a3de658a763d79ccc65bc35d0989a997, PMCID: PMC4770186, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00026, and PMID: 26973546
ISSN:
1664-0640
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Psychiatry
Journal Volume:
7
Keyword:
Regulatory region, Psychiatry, psychiatric, Genotype, RC435-571, allele, Bipolar Disorder, and postmortem
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; Georgia College; State University and Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy; Wake Forest University; School of Medicine
Person:
Styblo, Miroslav, Hegde, Ashok N., Drobná, Zuzana, and Ding, Lan
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
xs55mh857

702. Predicted Functional Implications of Phosphorylation of Regulator of G Protein Signaling Protein in Plants

Title Tesim:
Predicted Functional Implications of Phosphorylation of Regulator of G Protein Signaling Protein in Plants
Creator:
Torres, Matthew P., Urano, Daisuke, Jones, Alan M., Jaiswal, Dinesh K., Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral, and Li, Bo
Date of publication:
2017
Abstract Tesim:
Heterotrimeric G proteins function in development, biotic, and abiotic stress responses, hormone signaling as well as sugar sensing. We previously proposed that discrimination of these various external signals in the G protein pathway is accomplished in plants by membrane-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) rather than G-protein-coupled receptors. Arabidopsis thaliana Regulator of G Signaling protein 1 (AtRGS1) modulates G protein activation and is phosphorylated by several RLKs and by WITH-NO-LYSINE kinases (WNKs). Here, a combination of in vitro kinase assays, mass spectrometry, and computational bioinformatics identified and functionally prioritized phosphorylation sites in AtRGS1. Phosphosites for two more RLKs (BRL3 and PEPR1) were identified and added to the AtRGS1 phosphorylation profile. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that RLKs and WNK kinases phosphorylate plant RGS proteins within regions that are conserved across eukaryotes and at a high frequency. Four phospho-sites among 14 identified are proximal to equivalent mammalian phosphosites that impact RGS function, including: pS437 and pT267 in GmRGS2, and pS339 and pS436 in AtRGS1. Based on these analyses, we propose that pS437 and pS436 regulate GmRGS2 and AtRGS1 protein interactions and/or localization, whereas pT267 is important for modulation of GmRGS2 GAP activity and localization. Moreover, pS339 most likely affects AtRGS1 activation.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Biology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/jxs0-pj32
Identifier:
PMID: 28890722, Onescience id: b7786281043e2ba95cd280bd2e1729f2c44d43a9, PMCID: PMC5575782, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01456
ISSN:
1664-462X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Plant Science
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
The leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR RLK), BRI1-associated receptor kinase (BAK1), Brassinosteroid insensitive1 (BRI1) -LIKE 3 (BRL3), With No Lysine Kinase (WNK), modified alignment positions (MAP), AtPep1 Receptor 1 (PEPR1), Post translational modification (PTM), Arabidopsis Regulator of G Signaling protein 1 (AtRGS1), and short conserved sequence region (SCR)
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory; National University of Singapore, and Department of Pharmacology
Person:
Torres, Matthew P., Urano, Daisuke, Jones, Alan M., Jaiswal, Dinesh K., Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral, and Li, Bo
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
s1784r440

703. Morphological Plant Modeling: Unleashing Geometric and Topological Potential within the Plant Sciences

Title Tesim:
Morphological Plant Modeling: Unleashing Geometric and Topological Potential within the Plant Sciences
Creator:
Martinez, Ciera C., Binder, Brad M., Chitwood, Daniel H., Cody Markelz, , Li, Mao, Poorter, Hendrik, Leiboff, Samuel, Topp, Christopher N., Bucksch, Alexander, Gehan, Malia A., Palubicki, Wojtek, DeWitt, Thomas J., Rellán-Álvarez, Rubén, Atta-Boateng, Acheampong, Iyer-Pascuzzi, Anjali S., Pradal, Christophe, Maloof, Julin N., Spalding, Edgar P., Klein, Laura L., Baumgartner, Aly, Reese, John B., Lynch, Jonathan P., Battogtokh, Dorjsuren, Puttonen, Eetu, Coneva, Viktoirya, Price, Charles A., Braybrook, Siobhan A., Mio, Washington, Miller, Laura A., Chang, Cynthia, Williams, Joseph H., Maizel, Alexis, Diaz-Martinez, Diego Hernan, Azihou, Akomian F., Hong, Lilan, Sparks, Erin E., and Fletcher, Alexander G.
Date of publication:
2017
Abstract Tesim:
The geometries and topologies of leaves, flowers, roots, shoots, and their arrangements have fascinated plant biologists and mathematicians alike. As such, plant morphology is inherently mathematical in that it describes plant form and architecture with geometrical and topological techniques. Gaining an understanding of how to modify plant morphology, through molecular biology and breeding, aided by a mathematical perspective, is critical to improving agriculture, and the monitoring of ecosystems is vital to modeling a future with fewer natural resources. In this white paper, we begin with an overview in quantifying the form of plants and mathematical models of patterning in plants. We then explore the fundamental challenges that remain unanswered concerning plant morphology, from the barriers preventing the prediction of phenotype from genotype to modeling the movement of leaves in air streams. We end with a discussion concerning the education of plant morphology synthesizing biological and mathematical approaches and ways to facilitate research advances through outreach, cross-disciplinary training, and open science. Unleashing the potential of geometric and topological approaches in the plant sciences promises to transform our understanding of both plants and mathematics.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/39cx-w297
Identifier:
Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00900, Onescience id: 75af7f58e15d309ef07e235ad32a436bdbf035bf, PMCID: PMC5465304, and PMID: 28659934
ISSN:
1664-462X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Plant Science
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
mathematics, plant biology, geometry, plant science, geometric morphometrics, topology, morphology, computational plant science, Morphometrics, Mathematics, imaging, modeling, and Plants
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology; University of California; Berkeley, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Biology; University of California; Davis, Department of Mathematics; Florida State University, Plant Sciences (IBG-2); Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, School of Integrative Plant Science; Cornell University, Institute of Bioinformatics; University of Georgia, Department of Plant Biology; University of Georgia, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources; University of Georgia, The Sainsbury Laboratory; University of Cambridge, Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences; Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology; Texas A&M University, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada; Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad; Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), School of Forestry and Environmental Studies; Yale University, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology; Purdue University, CIRAD; UMR AGAP; INRIA; VirtualPlants, Department of Botany; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biology; Saint Louis University, Department of Geosciences; Baylor University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; Knoxville, Department of Plant Science; The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biological Sciences; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry; Finnish Geospatial Research Institute; National Land Survey of Finland, Centre of Excellence in Laser Scanning Research; National Land Survey of Finland, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis; University of Tennessee; Knoxville, Division of Biology; University of Washington, Center for Organismal Studies; Heidelberg University, Laboratory of Applied Ecology; Faculty of Agronomic Sciences; University of Abomey-Calavi, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology and Section of Plant Biology; School of Integrative Plant Sciences; Cornell University, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences; Delaware Biotechnology Institute; University of Delaware, and School of Mathematics and Statistics; Bateson Centre; University of Sheffield
Person:
Martinez, Ciera C., Binder, Brad M., Chitwood, Daniel H., Cody Markelz, , Li, Mao, Poorter, Hendrik, Leiboff, Samuel, Topp, Christopher N., Bucksch, Alexander, Gehan, Malia A., Palubicki, Wojtek, DeWitt, Thomas J., Rellán-Álvarez, Rubén, Atta-Boateng, Acheampong, Iyer-Pascuzzi, Anjali S., Pradal, Christophe, Maloof, Julin N., Spalding, Edgar P., Klein, Laura L., Baumgartner, Aly, Reese, John B., Lynch, Jonathan P., Battogtokh, Dorjsuren, Puttonen, Eetu, Coneva, Viktoirya, Price, Charles A., Braybrook, Siobhan A., Mio, Washington, Miller, Laura A., Chang, Cynthia, Williams, Joseph H., Maizel, Alexis, Diaz-Martinez, Diego Hernan, Azihou, Akomian F., Hong, Lilan, Sparks, Erin E., and Fletcher, Alexander G.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
th83m405d

704. Live Imaging of Shoot Meristems on an Inverted Confocal Microscope Using an Objective Lens Inverter Attachment

Title Tesim:
Live Imaging of Shoot Meristems on an Inverted Confocal Microscope Using an Objective Lens Inverter Attachment
Creator:
Perdue, Tony D. and Nimchuk, Zachary L.
Date of publication:
2017
Abstract Tesim:
Live imaging of above ground meristems can lead to new insights in plant development not possible from static imaging of fixed tissue. The use of an upright confocal microscope offers several technical and biological advantages for live imaging floral or shoot meristems. However, many departments and core facilities possess only inverted confocal microscopes and lack the funding for an additional upright confocal microscope. Here we show that imaging of living apical meristems can be performed on existing inverted confocal microscopes with the use of an affordable and detachable InverterScope accessory.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Biology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/c3nc-5w03
Identifier:
PMCID: PMC5437170, Onescience id: 11a87fb6246032ad8725741237020d6f02767d46, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00773, and PMID: 28579995
ISSN:
1664-462X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Plant Science
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
Plant Science, Laser scanning confocal microscopy, meristems, meristem, live imaging, laser scanning confocal microscopy, Technology, plant development, and technology
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Biology and Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology
Person:
Perdue, Tony D. and Nimchuk, Zachary L.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
g732df73t

705. Gateway-Compatible CRISPR-Cas9 Vectors and a Rapid Detection by High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis

Title Tesim:
Gateway-Compatible CRISPR-Cas9 Vectors and a Rapid Detection by High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis
Creator:
Scherer, Raelynn, Lapins, Samantha, Okumoto, Sakiko, Denbow, Cynthia J., Dietz, Nick, and Nimchuk, Zachary L.
Date of publication:
2017
Abstract Tesim:
CRISPR-Cas9 system rapidly became an indispensable tool in plant biology to perform targeted mutagenesis. A CRISPR-Cas9-mediated double strand break followed by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair most frequently results in a single base pair deletion or insertions (indels), which is hard to detect using methods based on enzymes that detect heteroduplex DNA. In addition, somatic tissues of the T1 generation inevitably contain a mosaic population, in which the portion of cells carrying the mutation can be too small to be detected by the enzyme-based methods. Here we report an optimized experimental protocol for detecting Arabidopsis mutants carrying a CRISPR-Cas9 mediated mutation, using high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis. Single-base pair insertion or deletion (indel) can be easily detected using this method. We have also examined the detection limit for the template containing a one bp indel compared to the WT genome. Our results show that <5% of mutant DNA containing one bp indel can be detected using this method. The vector developed in this study can be used with a Gateway technology-compatible derivative of pCUT vectors, with which off-target mutations could not be detected even by a whole genome sequencing.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Biology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/3dj5-sr94
Identifier:
Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01171, PMCID: PMC5496963, PMID: 28725235, and Onescience id: b0366f686cd59c5834fc6016e813acbec4f550aa
ISSN:
1664-462X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Plant Science
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
high-resolution melting curve analysis, Genome editing, gene editing, indel detection, genome editing, and CRISPR/Cas9
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Science; Texas A&MUniversity
Person:
Scherer, Raelynn, Lapins, Samantha, Okumoto, Sakiko, Denbow, Cynthia J., Dietz, Nick, and Nimchuk, Zachary L.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
xd07gz49c

706. Extra Large G-Protein Interactome Reveals Multiple Stress Response Function and Partner-Dependent XLG Subcellular Localization

Title Tesim:
Extra Large G-Protein Interactome Reveals Multiple Stress Response Function and Partner-Dependent XLG Subcellular Localization
Creator:
Liang, Ying, Jones, Alan M., and Gao, Yajun
Date of publication:
2017
Abstract Tesim:
The three-member family of Arabidopsis extra-large G proteins (XLG1-3) defines the prototype of an atypical Gα subunit in the heterotrimeric G protein complex. Recent evidence indicate that XLG subunits operate along with its Gβγ dimer in root morphology, stress responsiveness, and cytokinin induced development, however downstream targets of activated XLG proteins in the stress pathways are rarely known. To assemble a set of candidate XLG-targeted proteins, a yeast two-hybrid complementation-based screen was performed using XLG protein baits to query interactions between XLG and partner protein found in glucose-treated seedlings, roots, and Arabidopsis cells in culture. Seventy two interactors were identified and >60% of a test set displayed in vivo interaction with XLG proteins. Gene co-expression analysis shows that >70% of the interactors are positively correlated with the corresponding XLG partners. Gene Ontology enrichment for all the candidates indicates stress responses and posits a molecular mechanism involving a specific set of transcription factor partners to XLG. Genes encoding two of these transcription factors, SZF1 and 2, require XLG proteins for full NaCl-induced expression. The subcellular localization of the XLG proteins in the nucleus, endosome, and plasma membrane is dependent on the specific interacting partner.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Biology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/61q3-6b69
Identifier:
PMCID: PMC5469152, Onescience id: c236d77e5be93f1c5edc147b810563e60bc1fca4, PMID: 28659958, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01015
ISSN:
1664-462X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Plant Science
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
extra-large G protein, yeast two hybrid, NaCl, XLG interactome, Stress responses, Subcellular localization, SZF, salt stress, Y2H, Extra large G protein, XLG protein interactome, and Arabidopsis
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
College of Natural Resources and Environment; Northwest A & F University and Department of Pharmacology
Person:
Liang, Ying, Jones, Alan M., and Gao, Yajun
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
hd76s461d

707. Amino Acids Are an Ineffective Fertilizer for Dunaliella spp. Growth

Title Tesim:
Amino Acids Are an Ineffective Fertilizer for Dunaliella spp. Growth
Creator:
Zhao, Chengsong, Tikunov, Andrey, Jain, Siddharth K., Macdonald, Jeffrey, Sederoff, Heike, Young, Danielle Y., Dums, Jacob T., Khoshnoodi, Nicole, Pilot, Guillaume, and Murphree, Colin A.
Date of publication:
2017
Abstract Tesim:
Autotrophic microalgae are a promising bioproducts platform. However, the fundamental requirements these organisms have for nitrogen fertilizer severely limit the impact and scale of their cultivation. As an alternative to inorganic fertilizers, we investigated the possibility of using amino acids from deconstructed biomass as a nitrogen source in the genus Dunaliella. We found that only four amino acids (glutamine, histidine, cysteine, and tryptophan) rescue Dunaliella spp. growth in nitrogen depleted media, and that supplementation of these amino acids altered the metabolic profile of Dunaliella cells. Our investigations revealed that histidine is transported across the cell membrane, and that glutamine and cysteine are not transported. Rather, glutamine, cysteine, and tryptophan are degraded in solution by a set of oxidative chemical reactions, releasing ammonium that in turn supports growth. Utilization of biomass-derived amino acids is therefore not a suitable option unless additional amino acid nitrogen uptake is enabled through genetic modifications of these algae.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Biomedical Engineering - Biomedical Engineering
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/dh1s-0b12
Identifier:
PMCID: PMC5445130, Onescience id: 5f52e452e0c465e948e1de3d68d2088b0c709d47, PMID: 28603530, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00847
ISSN:
1664-462X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Plant Science
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
Biofuels, amino acids, Dunaliella, Amino Acids, Nitrogen recycling, biofuel, sustainability, lipids, nitrogen recycling, Lipids, and dunaliella
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology; Physiology; and Weed Science; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Biogen, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology; North Carolina State University, Research Triangle High School, and North Carolina State University
Person:
Zhao, Chengsong, Tikunov, Andrey, Jain, Siddharth K., Macdonald, Jeffrey, Sederoff, Heike, Young, Danielle Y., Dums, Jacob T., Khoshnoodi, Nicole, Pilot, Guillaume, and Murphree, Colin A.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
sj1397126

708. Photosynthate Regulation of the Root System Architecture Mediated by the Heterotrimeric G Protein Complex in Arabidopsis

Title Tesim:
Photosynthate Regulation of the Root System Architecture Mediated by the Heterotrimeric G Protein Complex in Arabidopsis
Creator:
Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral, Mudgil, Yashwanti, Jones, Alan M., Teixeira, Paulo J. P. L., Karve, Abhijit, and Jiang, Kun
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
Assimilate partitioning to the root system is a desirable developmental trait to control but little is known of the signaling pathway underlying partitioning. A null mutation in the gene encoding the Gβ subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, a nexus for a variety of signaling pathways, confers altered sugar partitioning in roots. While fixed carbon rapidly reached the roots of wild type and agb1-2 mutant seedlings, agb1 roots had more of this fixed carbon in the form of glucose, fructose, and sucrose which manifested as a higher lateral root density. Upon glucose treatment, the agb1-2 mutant had abnormal gene expression in the root tip validated by transcriptome analysis. In addition, PIN2 membrane localization was altered in the agb1-2 mutant. The heterotrimeric G protein complex integrates photosynthesis-derived sugar signaling incorporating both membrane-and transcriptional-based mechanisms. The time constants for these signaling mechanisms are in the same range as photosynthate delivery to the root, raising the possibility that root cells are able to use changes in carbon fixation in real time to adjust growth behavior.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Biology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/gkkj-8z11
Identifier:
Onescience id: 9cb7fbcd0643818a83fbb2a25ee918135dc49a49, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01255, PMCID: PMC4997095, and PMID: 27610112
ISSN:
1664-462X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Plant Science
Journal Volume:
7
Keyword:
photosynthetic partitioning, AGB1, Original Research, PIN2-GFP, positron electron tomography imaging, Gene Expression, lateral root density, Glucose, glucose, gene expression, and Plant Science
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Botany; University of Delhi, Department of Pharmacology, Abhijit Karve; Purdue Research Foundation, Brookhaven National Lab, and College of Life Sciences; Zhejiang University
Person:
Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral, Mudgil, Yashwanti, Jones, Alan M., Teixeira, Paulo J. P. L., Karve, Abhijit, and Jiang, Kun
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
mw22vb254

709. Gut Microbiome Response to Sucralose and Its Potential Role in Inducing Liver Inflammation in Mice

Title Tesim:
Gut Microbiome Response to Sucralose and Its Potential Role in Inducing Liver Inflammation in Mice
Creator:
Bian, Xiaoming, Gao, Bei, Ru, Hongyu, Chi, Liang, Lu, Kun, and Tu, Pengcheng
Date of publication:
2017
Abstract Tesim:
Sucralose is the most widely used artificial sweetener, and its health effects have been highly debated over the years. In particular, previous studies have shown that sucralose consumption can alter the gut microbiota. The gut microbiome plays a key role in processes related to host health, such as food digestion and fermentation, immune cell development, and enteric nervous system regulation. Inflammation is one of the most common effects associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis, which has been linked to a series of human diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the structural and functional effects of sucralose on the gut microbiota and associated inflammation in the host. In this study, C57BL/6 male mice received sucralose in their drinking water for 6 months. The difference in gut microbiota composition and metabolites between control and sucralose-treated mice was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, functional gene enrichment analysis and metabolomics. Inflammatory gene expression in tissues was analyzed by RT-PCR. Alterations in bacterial genera showed that sucralose affects the gut microbiota and its developmental dynamics. Enrichment of bacterial pro-inflammatory genes and disruption in fecal metabolites suggest that 6-month sucralose consumption at the human acceptable daily intake (ADI) may increase the risk of developing tissue inflammation by disrupting the gut microbiota, which is supported by elevated pro-inflammatory gene expression in the liver of sucralose-treated mice. Our results highlight the role of sucralose-gut microbiome interaction in regulating host health-related processes, particularly chronic inflammation.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/srab-eq71
Identifier:
PMID: 28790923, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00487, Onescience id: 767e6ef9719f9ca35b8380f5fb5651277861ec12, and PMCID: PMC5522834
ISSN:
1664-042X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Physiology
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
artificial sweetener, metabolomics, gut microbiota, sucralose, Inflammation, Metabolomics, Gut Microbiota, Artificial sweetener, inflammation, and Sucralose
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Health Science; University of Georgia and Department of Population Health and Pathobiology; North Carolina State University
Person:
Bian, Xiaoming, Gao, Bei, Ru, Hongyu, Chi, Liang, Lu, Kun, and Tu, Pengcheng
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
rr172311t

710. 4-phenylbutyrate Mitigates Fluoride-Induced Cytotoxicity in ALC Cells

Title Tesim:
4-phenylbutyrate Mitigates Fluoride-Induced Cytotoxicity in ALC Cells
Creator:
Suzuki, Maiko, Bartlett, John D., Whitford, Gary M., and Everett, Eric T.
Date of publication:
2017
Abstract Tesim:
Chronic fluoride over-exposure during pre-eruptive enamel development can cause dental fluorosis. Severe dental fluorosis is characterized by porous, soft enamel that is vulnerable to erosion and decay. The prevalence of dental fluorosis among the population in the USA, India and China is increasing. Other than avoiding excessive intake, treatments to prevent dental fluorosis remain unknown. We previously reported that high-dose fluoride induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress in ameloblasts. Cell stress induces gene repression, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. An aromatic fatty acid, 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA) is a chemical chaperone that interacts with misfolded proteins to prevent ER stress. We hypothesized that 4PBA ameliorates fluoride-induced ER stress in ameloblasts. To determine whether 4PBA protects ameloblasts from fluoride toxicity, we analyzed gene expression of Tgf-β1, Bcl2/Bax ratio and cytochrome-c release in vitro. In vivo, we measured fluorosis levels, enamel hardness and fluoride concentration. Fluoride treated Ameloblast-lineage cells (ALC) had decreased Tgf-β1 expression and this was reversed by 4PBA treatment. The anti-apoptotic Blc2/Bax ratio was significantly increased in ALC cells treated with fluoride/4PBA compared to fluoride treatment alone. Fluoride treatment induced cytochrome-c release from mitochondria into the cytosol and this was inhibited by 4PBA treatment. These results suggest that 4PBA mitigates fluoride-induced gene suppression, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage in vitro. In vivo, C57BL/6J mice were provided fluoridated water for six weeks with either fluoride free control-chow or 4PBA-containing chow (7 g/kg 4PBA). With few exceptions, enamel microhardness, fluorosis levels, and fluoride concentrations of bone and urine did not differ significantly between fluoride treated animals fed with control-chow or 4PBA-chow. Although 4PBA mitigated high-dose fluoride toxicity in vitro, a diet rich in 4PBA did not attenuate dental fluorosis in rodents. Perhaps, not enough intact 4PBA reaches the rodent ameloblasts necessary to reverse the effects of fluoride toxicity. Further studies will be required to optimize protocols for 4PBA administration in vivo in order to evaluate the effect of 4PBA on dental fluorosis.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Pediatric Dentistry
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/9tys-kk29
Identifier:
Onescience id: 6adf2f9d3e17096d3643dbfaba5546e267e1b8ad, PMCID: PMC5425599, PMID: 28553235, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00302
ISSN:
1664-042X
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Physiology
Journal Volume:
8
Keyword:
apoptosis, Original Research, enamel, QP1-981, Fluoride, Dental fluorosis, 4-phenylbutyrate, TGF-β1, Physiology, dental fluorosis, fluoride, ameloblast, Apoptosis, ER stress, and er stress
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Division of Biosciences; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University and Department of Oral Biology; College of Dental Medicine; Georgia Regents University
Person:
Suzuki, Maiko, Bartlett, John D., Whitford, Gary M., and Everett, Eric T.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
5d86p534z