The effect of carotenoid supplementation on immune system development in juvenile male veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus)
Creator:
DeNardo, Dale F, Ligon, Russell A, McCartney, Kristen L, Butler, Michael W, and McGraw, Kevin J
Date Created:
August 26, 2015
Date of publication:
March 22, 2014
Abstract Tesim:
Abstract Introduction Nutrient availability, assimilation, and allocation can have important and lasting effects on the immune system development of growing animals. Though carotenoid pigments have immunostimulatory properties in many animals, relatively little is known regarding how they influence the immune system during development. Moreover, studies linking carotenoids to health at any life stage have largely been restricted to birds and mammals. We investigated the effects of carotenoid supplementation on multiple aspects of immunity in juvenile veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus). We supplemented half of the chameleons with lutein (a xanthophyll carotenoid) for 14 weeks during development and serially measured multiple aspects of immune function, including: agglutination and lysis performance of plasma, wound healing, and plasma nitric oxide concentrations before and after wounding. Results Though lutein supplementation effectively elevated circulating carotenoid concentrations throughout the developmental period, we found no evidence that carotenoid repletion enhanced immune function at any point. However, agglutination and lysis scores increased, while baseline nitric oxide levels decreased, as chameleons aged. Conclusions Taken together, our results indicate that body mass and age, but not carotenoid access, may play an important role in immune performance of growing chameleons. Hence, studying well-understood physiological processes in novel taxa can provide new perspectives on alternative physiological processes and nutrient function.
Resource type:
Article
Access Right:
Open Access
Affiliation Label Tesim:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Bibliographic Citation:
Frontiers in Zoology. 2014 Mar 22;11(1):26
Deposit Record:
3f37be4f-af01-44cc-ae94-9fcbda3eb476
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/8vrt-rr91
Identifier:
24655326 and https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-11-26
ISSN:
1742-9994
Journal Issue:
1
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Zoology
Journal Volume:
11
Language Label:
English
License Label:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Page Start:
26
Peer Review Status:
Yes
Person:
DeNardo, Dale F, Ligon, Russell A, McCartney, Kristen L, Butler, Michael W, and McGraw, Kevin J
Publisher:
BioMed Central Ltd
Rights Holder:
Kristen L McCartney et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
Pre-dive Whole-Body Vibration Better Reduces Decompression-Induced Vascular Gas Emboli than Oxygenation or a Combination of Both
Creator:
Balestra, Costantino, Theunissen, Sigrid, Germonpre, Peter, Lafere, Pierre, Le Mener, Cedric, Guerrero, Francois, and Papadopoulou, Virginie
Date Created:
January 4, 2019
Date of publication:
November 30, 2016
Abstract Tesim:
Purpose: Since non-provocative dive profiles are no guarantor of protection against decompression sickness, novel means including pre-dive “preconditioning” interventions, are proposed for its prevention. This study investigated and compared the effect of pre-dive oxygenation, pre-dive whole body vibration or a combination of both on post-dive bubble formation.
Methods: Six healthy volunteers performed 6 no-decompression dives each, to a depth of 33 mfw for 20 min (3 control dives without preconditioning and 1 of each preconditioning protocol) with a minimum interval of 1 week between each dive. Post-dive bubbles were counted in the precordium by two-dimensional echocardiography, 30 and 90 min after the dive, with and without knee flexing. Each diver served as his own control.
Results: Vascular gas emboli (VGE) were systematically observed before and after knee flexing at each post-dive measurement. Compared to the control dives, we observed a decrease in VGE count of 23.8 ± 7.4% after oxygen breathing (p < 0.05), 84.1 ± 5.6% after vibration (p < 0.001), and 55.1 ± 9.6% after vibration combined with oxygen (p < 0.001). The difference between all preconditioning methods was statistically significant.
Conclusions: The precise mechanism that induces the decrease in post-dive VGE and thus makes the diver more resistant to decompression stress is still not known. However, it seems that a pre-dive mechanical reduction of existing gas nuclei might best explain the beneficial effects of this strategy. The apparent non-synergic effect of oxygen and vibration has probably to be understood because of different mechanisms involved.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering
Deposit Record:
c7b57e1a-b013-47d2-8ecc-7baa28e1e5eb
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/y5vh-1k97
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00586
Journal Title:
Frontiers in Physiology
Journal Volume:
7
Keyword:
metabolism, decompression sickness, and risk assessment
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
and http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3395-3003
Other Affiliation:
Person:
Balestra, Costantino, Theunissen, Sigrid, Germonpre, Peter, Lafere, Pierre, Le Mener, Cedric, Guerrero, Francois, and Papadopoulou, Virginie
