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Works (2111)

111. Taxed and untaxed beverage intake by South African young adults after a national sugar-sweetened beverage tax: A before-and-after study

Title Tesim:: Taxed and untaxed beverage intake by South African young adults after a national sugar-sweetened beverage tax: A before-and-after study
Creator:: Taillie L.S., Popkin B.M., Ng S.W., Essman M., Frank T., and Swart E.C.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Background In an effort to prevent and reduce the prevalence rate of people with obesity and diabetes, South Africa implemented a sugar-content-based tax called the Health Promotion Levy in April 2018, one of the first sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes to be based on each gram of sugar (beyond 4 g/100 ml). This before-and-after study estimated changes in taxed and untaxed beverage intake 1 year after the tax, examining separately, to our knowledge for the first time, the role of reformulation distinct from behavioral changes in SSB intake. Methods and findings We collected single-day 24-hour dietary recalls from repeat cross-sectional surveys of adults aged 18–39 years in Langa, South Africa. Participants were recruited in February–March 2018 (pre-tax, n = 2,459) and February–March 2019 (post-tax, n = 2,489) using door-to-door sampling. We developed time-specific food composition tables (FCTs) for South African beverages before and after the tax, linked with the diet recalls. By linking pre-tax FCTs only to dietary intake data collected in the pre-tax and post-tax periods, we calculated changes in beverage intake due to behavioral change, assuming no reformulation. Next, we repeated the analysis using an updated FCT in the post-tax period to capture the marginal effect of reformulation. We estimated beverage intake using a 2-part model that takes into consideration the biases in using ordinary least squares or other continuous variable approaches with many individuals with zero intake. First, a probit model was used to estimate the probability of consuming the specific beverage category. Then, conditional on a positive outcome, a generalized linear model with a log-link was used to estimate the continuous amount of beverage consumed. Among taxed beverages, sugar intake decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) from 28.8 g/capita/day (95% CI 27.3–30.4) pre-tax to 19.8 (95% CI 18.5–21.1) post-tax. Energy intake decreased (p < 0.0001) from 121 kcal/capita/day (95% CI 114–127) pre-tax to 82 (95% CI 76–87) post-tax. Volume intake decreased (p < 0.0001) from 315 ml/capita/day (95% CI 297–332) pre-tax to 198 (95% CI 185–211) post-tax. Among untaxed beverages, sugar intake increased (p < 0.0001) by 5.3 g/capita/day (95% CI 3.7 to 6.9), and energy intake increased (p < 0.0001) by 29 kcal/capita/day (95% CI 19 to 39). Among total beverages, sugar intake decreased significantly (p = 0.004) by 3.7 (95% CI -6.2 to -1.2) g/capita/day. Behavioral change accounted for reductions of 24% in energy, 22% in sugar, and 23% in volume, while reformulation accounted for additional reductions of 8% in energy, 9% in sugar, and 14% in volume from taxed beverages. The key limitations of this study are an inability to make causal claims due to repeat cross-sectional data collection, and that the magnitude of reduction in taxed beverage intake may not be generalizable to higher income populations. Conclusions Using a large sample of a high-consuming, low-income population, we found large reductions in taxed beverage intake, separating the components of behavioral change from reformulation. This reduction was partially compensated by an increase in sugar and energy from untaxed beverages. Because policies such as taxes can incentivize reformulation, our use of an up-to-date FCT that reflects a rapidly changing food supply is novel and important for evaluating policy effects on intake.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Nutrition
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/e2sg-5t92
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003574
ISSN:: 1549-1277
Journal Issue:: PLoS Medicine
Journal Title:: 18
Keyword:: female, outcome assessment, South Africa, adult, Humans, Energy Intake, Adult, behavior change, salt intake, Young Adult, Article, beverage, sensitivity analysis, prevalence, Taxes, Drinking, sugar intake, questionnaire, lowest income group, Cross-Sectional Studies, dietary intake, body mass, Consumer Behavior, consumer attitude, information processing, sugar-sweetened beverage, human experiment, obesity, male, exercise, food intake, drinking, cross-sectional study, human, physical activity, Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, socioeconomics, diabetes mellitus, caloric intake, tax, food composition, nutritional assessment, young adult, nutrition policy, and health care cost
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: and University of the Western Cape
Person:: Taillie L.S., Popkin B.M., Ng S.W., Essman M., Frank T., and Swart E.C.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: 6cbcd2b3-a1de-41ce-a897-7199a8ac4f38

112. Impact of nutrient warning labels on choice of ultra-processed food and drinks high in sugar, sodium, and saturated fat in Colombia: A randomized controlled trial

Title Tesim:: Impact of nutrient warning labels on choice of ultra-processed food and drinks high in sugar, sodium, and saturated fat in Colombia: A randomized controlled trial
Creator:: Murukutla N., Taillie L.S., Higgins I.C.A., Gomez L.F., Mora-Plazas M., Hall M., Parra M.F., and Bercholz M.
Date of publication:: 2022
Abstract Tesim:: Objective This study assessed nutrient warnings’ impact on product selection and identification of food products high in nutrients of concern in Colombia. Methods In an online experiment (October 2020), 8,061 Colombians were randomized to a nutrient warning, guideline daily amounts (GDA), Nutri-Score, or no-label condition. They viewed two fruit drinks labeled according to their condition, one high in sugar and one not, and completed selection tasks. Next, they assessed four products high in sugar, sodium, and/or saturated fat (“high in” product). Finally, they selected which label would most discourage them from consuming a “high in” product. Results The nutrient warning performed better on most outcomes. Twenty percent of participants exposed to the nutrient warning would purchase the high-sugar fruit drink compared to GDA (24%, p<0.01), Nutri-Score (33%, p<0.001), and no label (29%, p<0.001). GDA performed slightly better than the nutrient warning in identifying the high-sugar fruit drink (91% vs 88%, p<0.001). The nutrient warning best helped participants correctly identify other “high in” products (75% vs. 23% no-label, 26% Nutri-Score, and 43% GDA, all p<0.001) and had the highest perceived message effectiveness (3.86 on 5-point scale vs. 2.97 GDA and 2.70 Nutri-Score, both p<0.001) and lowest likelihood of purchasing “high in” products (2.58 on 5-point scale vs. 3.23 GDA, 3.49 Nutri-Score, and 3.51 no label, all p<0.001). The nutrient warning most discouraged participants from wanting to consume “high in” products. Conclusions Nutrient warnings are a promising policy to help consumers identify and discourage consumption of products high in nutrients of concern. Trial registration Trial Registration: NCT04567004.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Nutrition, Department of Health Behavior, and Carolina Population Center
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/j9a9-ns42
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263324
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: PLoS ONE
Journal Title:: 17
Keyword:: food packaging, sodium, Article, beverage, Colombian, controlled study, nutritional value, consumer attitude, educational status, male, Food Labeling, processed food, cookie, human, purchasing, saturated fatty acid, sugar, female, adult, middle aged, cereal, fruit juice, nutrition labeling, Colombia, young adult, randomized controlled trial, sugar-sweetened beverage, bread, and yoghurt
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Vital Strategies, , Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, and Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Person:: Murukutla N., Taillie L.S., Higgins I.C.A., Gomez L.F., Mora-Plazas M., Hall M., Parra M.F., and Bercholz M.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: 053bfde9-eb3b-477e-a93e-a38589210e17

113. Healthy volunteers in US phase I clinical trials: Sociodemographic characteristics and participation over time

Title Tesim:: Healthy volunteers in US phase I clinical trials: Sociodemographic characteristics and participation over time
Creator:: Kalbaugh C.A., McManus L., Fisher J.A., and Kalbaugh J.M.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Background Increasing the diversity of research participants is an important focus of clinical trials. However, little is known regarding who enrolls as healthy volunteers in Phase I clinical trials, which test the safety and tolerability of investigational new drugs. Despite the risk, healthy volunteers can derive no medical benefit from their participation, and they are financially compensated for enrolling. Objective This study’s purpose is to describe sociodemographic characteristics and clinical trial participation histories of healthy people who enroll in US Phase I trials. Methods The HealthyVOICES Project (HVP) is a longitudinal study of healthy individuals who have enrolled in Phase I trials. We describe self-reported sociodemographic information and Phase I trial history from HVP recruitment (May-December 2013) through the project’s end three years later (December 2016). Trial experiences are presented as medians and quartiles. Results The HVP included 178 participants. Nearly three-fourths of participants were male, and two-thirds were classified as racial and ethnic minorities. We found that some groups of participants were more likely to have completed a greater number of clinical trials over a longer timeframe than others. Those groups included participants who were male, Black, Hispanic, 30-39-years-old, unemployed, had received vocational training in a trade, or had annual household incomes of less than $25,000. Additionally, the greater the number of clinical trials participants had completed, the more likely they were to continue screening for new trials over the course of three years. Participants who pursued clinical trials as a full-time job participated in the greatest number of trials and were the most likely to continuing screening over time. Implications Participation as a healthy volunteer in US Phase I trials is driven by social inequalities. Disadvantaged groups tend to participate in a greater number of clinical trials and participate longer than more privileged groups.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Social Medicine
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/gdg8-q036
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256994
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: PLoS ONE
Journal Title:: 16
Keyword:: Male, social inequality, adult, female, educational status, Minority Groups, self report, human, Healthy Volunteers, ancestry group, United States, research subject, Socioeconomic Factors, male, minority group, African American, Social Class, employment status, Adult, Humans, Hispanic Americans, Article, epidemiology, household income, socioeconomics, normal human, economic incentive, social class, phase 1 clinical trial (topic), unemployment, Continental Population Groups, Hispanic, Female, African Americans, and Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Clemson University, Wake Technical Community College, Department of Social Medicine, and
Person:: Kalbaugh C.A., McManus L., Fisher J.A., and Kalbaugh J.M.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: d08bc1ab-90f0-4c4b-8b19-09339ad5b20d

114. Reporting crime victimizations to the police and the incidence of future victimizations: A longitudinal study

Title Tesim:: Reporting crime victimizations to the police and the incidence of future victimizations: A longitudinal study
Creator:: Berg, M.T., Ranapurwala, S.I., and Casteel, C.
Date of publication:: 2016
Abstract Tesim:: Background: Law enforcement depends on cooperation from the public and crime victims to protect citizens and maintain public safety; however, many crimes are not reported to police because of fear of repercussions or because the crime is considered trivial. It is unclear how police reporting affects the incidence of future victimization. Objective: To evaluate the association between reporting victimization to police and incident future victimization. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using National Crime Victimization Survey 2008-2012 data. Participants were 12+ years old household members who may or may not be victimized, were followed biannually for 3 years, and who completed at least one followup survey after their first reported victimization between 2008 and 2012. Crude and adjusted generalized linear mixed regression for survey data with Poisson link were used to compare rates of future victimization. Results: Out of 18,657 eligible participants, 41% participants reported to their initial victimization to police and had a future victimization rate of 42.8/100 person-years (PY) (95% CI: 40.7, 44.8). The future victimization rate of those who did not report to the police (59%) was 55.0/100 PY (95% CI: 53.0, 57.0). The adjusted rate ratio comparing police reporting to not reporting was 0.78 (95%CI: 0.72, 0.84) for all future victimizations, 0.80 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.90) for interpersonal violence, 0.73 (95% CI: 0.68, 0.78) for thefts, and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.07) for burglaries. Conclusions: Reporting victimization to police is associated with fewer future victimization, underscoring the importance of police reporting in crime prevention. This association may be attributed to police action and victim services provisions resulting from reporting. © 2016 Ranapurwala et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/eq3z-m360
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160072
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 7
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 11
Keyword:: theft, Middle Aged, longitudinal study, controlled study, police, victim, male, middle aged, Adult, Police, human, major clinical study, adult, female, crime victim, Male, follow up, Female, violence, Humans, Crime Victims, household, Longitudinal Studies, and cohort analysis
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: University of Iowa
Person:: Berg, M.T., Ranapurwala, S.I., and Casteel, C.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 5f930013-be39-4715-a686-050d6b4fa1c2

115. The healthy diver: A cross-sectional survey to evaluate the health status of recreational scuba diver members of Divers Alert Network (DAN)

Title Tesim:: The healthy diver: A cross-sectional survey to evaluate the health status of recreational scuba diver members of Divers Alert Network (DAN)
Creator:: Denoble, P.J., Ranapurwala, S.I., and Kucera, K.L.
Date of publication:: 2018
Abstract Tesim:: Background Scuba diver fitness is paramount to confront environmental stressors of diving. However, the diving population is aging and the increasing prevalence of diseases may be a concern for diver fitness. Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the demographics, lifestyle factors, disease prevalence, and healthcare access and utilization of Divers Alert Network (DAN) members and compare them with those from the general population. Methods DAN membership health survey (DMHS) was administered online in 2011 to DAN members in the United States (US). Health status of DMHS respondents was compared with the general US population data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System using two-sided student’s t-tests and Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with healthcare utilization among the DMHS participants. Results Compared to the general US population, the DMHS population had lower prevalence of asthma, heart attack, angina, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and disabilities (p<0.01); more heavy alcohol drinkers, and fewer smokers (p<0.01); and greater access and utilization (routine checkup) of healthcare (p<0.01). Healthcare utilization in males was lower than among females. Increasing age and increase in the number of chronic illnesses were associated with increased healthcare utilization. Conclusions DAN members are healthier than the general US population. DAN members also have better access to healthcare and utilize healthcare for preventive purposes more often than the general population. DAN members appear to have a better fitness level than their non-diving peers.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology and Department of Exercise and Sport Science
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/wmx3-5e76
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194380
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 3
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 13
Keyword:: young adult, online system, Stroke, Age Factors, Health Status, lifestyle, Male, asthma, Aged, 80 and over, Prevalence, age, Asthma, Young Adult, patient attitude, health care access, Health Services Accessibility, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), very elderly, aged, Sex Factors, sex factor, prevalence, physical examination, cross-sectional study, adult, hypercholesterolemia, Article, health care utilization, behavioral risk factor surveillance system, diabetes mellitus, Life Style, comparative study, disability, Hypercholesterolemia, Aged, Angina Pectoris, female, Middle Aged, Diving, United States, Female, Health Surveys, hypertension, disease association, evaluation study, human, Physical Examination, health care delivery, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Adult, smoking, heart infarction, health status, public health service, drinking behavior, cerebrovascular accident, statistics and numerical data, Humans, scuba diver, chronic disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, middle aged, population research, recreation, diving, health survey, demography, diver, Myocardial Infarction, Diabetes Mellitus, aging, legislation and jurisprudence, male, angina pectoris, and Hypertension
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Divers Alert Network and
Person:: Denoble, P.J., Ranapurwala, S.I., and Kucera, K.L.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: 5adac42f-33a4-407e-aa62-e6af953107fa

116. Disparities in potential years of life lost due to intimate partner violence: Data from 16 states for 2006–2015

Title Tesim:: Disparities in potential years of life lost due to intimate partner violence: Data from 16 states for 2006–2015
Creator:: Lanier, P., Ranapurwala, S.I., Rizo, C.F., Macy, R.J., Zimmer, C., Graham, L.M., and Martin, S.L.
Date of publication:: 2021
Abstract Tesim:: Background Intimate partner violence can lead to deaths of one or both partners and others (i.e., corollary victims). Prior studies do not enumerate the societal cost of intimate partner violence-related fatalities, exclude corollary victims from most analyses, and do not describe groups who bear the highest societal costs from intimate partner violence. Objective We examine racial/ethnic and gender-based disparities in potential years of life lost (PYLL) among intimate partners and corollary victims of intimate partner violence-related mortality. Methods We used 16 US states’ 2006–2015 National Violent Death Reporting System data to estimate PYLL among intimate partners (n = 6,282) and corollary victims (n = 1,634) by victims’ race/ethnicity and sex. We describe fatalities by sex, race/ethnicity, age, and victim-suspect relationships and used hierarchical linear models to examine PYLL per death differences by victims’ sex and race/ethnicity. Results Nearly 290,000 years of potential life were lost by partner and corollary victims as a result of IPV in 16 states during the decade of study. Most partner victims were female (59%); most corollary victims were male (76%). Female intimate partners died 5.1 years earlier (95% CI: 4.4., 5.9) than males, and female corollary victims died 3.6 years (1.9, 5.5) earlier than males. Racial/ethnic minorities died nine or more years earlier than their White counterparts. White males had the lowest PYLL per death of all sex/race groups. Implications Intimate partner violence-related fatalities exact a high societal cost, and the burden of that cost is disproportionately high among racial/ethnic minorities. Future interventions targeting specific sex and race/ethnic groups might help reduce disparities in intimate partner violence burden.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: School of Social Work, Department of Epidemiology, and Department of Maternal and Child Health
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/tnmt-md23
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246477
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 2-Feb
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 16
Keyword:: Humans, controlled study, female, mortality, crime victim, male, fatality, homicide, ethnicity, age distribution, sex ratio, adult, Sex Distribution, human, Female, Intimate Partner Violence, Age Distribution, ethnic group, Homicide, Crime Victims, article, partner violence, gender, major clinical study, United States, victim, race, and Male
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: , Odum Institute for Research in Social Science, and University of Maryland-Baltimore
Person:: Lanier, P., Ranapurwala, S.I., Rizo, C.F., Macy, R.J., Zimmer, C., Graham, L.M., and Martin, S.L.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: e03d6631-47de-45b7-93af-4fdb7b1ab07c

117. Transient CD4+ T cell depletion during suppressive ART reduces the HIV reservoir in humanized mice

Title Tesim:: Transient CD4+ T cell depletion during suppressive ART reduces the HIV reservoir in humanized mice
Creator:: Ling L., Falcinelli S.D., Wahl A., Archin N.M., De C., Margolis D.M., Garcia J.V., Silvestri G., Kovarova M., Begum N., and Spagnuolo R.A.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Lifelong treatment is required for people living with HIV as current antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not eradicate HIV infection. Latently infected cells are essentially indistinguishable from uninfected cells and cannot be depleted by currently available approaches. This study evaluated antibody mediated transient CD4+ T cell depletion as a strategy to reduce the latent HIV reservoir. Anti-CD4 antibodies effectively depleted CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood and tissues of humanized mice. We then demonstrate that antibody-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion of HIV infected ART-suppressed animals results in substantial reductions in cell-associated viral RNA and DNA levels in peripheral blood cells over the course of anti-CD4 antibody treatment. Recovery of CD4+ T cells was observed in all tissues analyzed except for the lung 26 days after cessation of antibody treatment. After CD4+ T cell recovery, significantly lower levels of cell-associated viral RNA and DNA were detected in the tissues of anti-CD4 antibody-treated animals. Further, an 8.5-fold reduction in the levels of intact HIV proviral DNA and a 3.1-fold reduction in the number of latently infected cells were observed in anti-CD4-antibody-treated animals compared with controls. However, there was no delay in viral rebound when ART was discontinued in anti-CD4 antibody-treated animals following CD4+ T cell recovery compared with controls. Our results suggest that transient CD4+ T cell depletion, a long-standing clinical intervention that might have an acceptable safety profile, during suppressive ART can reduce the size of the HIV reservoir in humanized mice.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Medicine
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/k72k-ax46
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011824
ISSN:: 1553-7366
Journal Title:: PLoS Pathogens
Journal Volume:: 19
Keyword:: virus load, Mice, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, virus latency, mouse, Viral Load, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, Human immunodeficiency virus 1, Humans, Virus Latency, RNA, Viral, antiretrovirus agent, CD4+ T lymphocyte, virus RNA, HIV-1, animal, HIV Infections, DNA, virus replication, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Virus Replication, human, and Animals
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: and Emory University
Person:: Ling L., Falcinelli S.D., Wahl A., Archin N.M., De C., Margolis D.M., Garcia J.V., Silvestri G., Kovarova M., Begum N., and Spagnuolo R.A.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 17478df0-2250-481c-90fc-cb00ba4ef15b

118. Researching COVID to enhance recovery (RECOVER) pregnancy study: Rationale, objectives and design

Title Tesim:: Researching COVID to enhance recovery (RECOVER) pregnancy study: Rationale, objectives and design
Creator:: Hackney D.N., Gibson K.S., Gallagher R., Mallett G., Flaherman V.J., Skupski D.W., Hoffman M.C., Sciurba F.C., Rouse D.J., Martin-Herz S.P., Jacoby V.L., Palatnik A., Mendez-Figueroa H., Thaweethai T., Beamon C.J., Güthe N., Yee L.M., Costantine M.M., Plunkett B.A., Hughes B.L., Katz S.D., Parry S., Palomares K.T.S., Chan J., Habli M., Fitzgerald M.L., Pettker C.M., Simhan H.N., Metz T.D., Hoffman M.K., Gross R.S., Schlater S.M., Peralta-Carcelen M., Sowles A., Weigand S., Weiner S.J., Tita A.T., Horwitz L.I., Reeder H.T., Monzon V., Saade G.R., Chang A.A., Thomas G.L., Foulkes A.S., Clifton R.G., Laleau V., Sandoval G.J., Poppas A., Thorp J.M., Jr., and Reddy U.M.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Importance Pregnancy induces unique physiologic changes to the immune response and hormonal changes leading to plausible differences in the risk of developing post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), or Long COVID. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy may also have long-term ramifications for exposed offspring, and it is critical to evaluate the health outcomes of exposed children. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Multi-site Observational Study of PASC aims to evaluate the long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in various populations. RECOVER-Pregnancy was designed specifically to address long-term outcomes in maternal-child dyads. Methods RECOVER-Pregnancy cohort is a combined prospective and retrospective cohort that proposes to enroll 2,300 individuals with a pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic and their offspring exposed and unexposed in utero, including single and multiple gestations. Enrollment will occur both in person at 27 sites through the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network and remotely through national recruitment by the study team at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF). Adults with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy are eligible for enrollment in the pregnancy cohort and will follow the protocol for RECOVER-Adult including validated screening tools, laboratory analyses and symptom questionnaires followed by more in-depth phenotyping of PASC on a subset of the overall cohort. Offspring exposed and unexposed in utero to SARS-CoV-2 maternal infection will undergo screening tests for neurodevelopment and other health outcomes at 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 months of age. Blood specimens will be collected at 24 months of age for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing, storage and anticipated later analyses proposed by RECOVER and other investigators. Discussion RECOVER-Pregnancy will address whether having SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy modifies the risk factors, prevalence, and phenotype of PASC. The pregnancy cohort will also establish whether there are increased risks of adverse long-term outcomes among children exposed in utero.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/2m61-ha93
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285351
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 12-Dec
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 18
Keyword:: pandemic, modified checklist for autism in toddler, endoscopy, heart catheterization, human tissue, risk factor, pregnancy outcome, developmental profile 4, bronchoscopy, pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, Child Behavior Checklist, disease assessment, cohort analysis, gadolinium, ages and stages questionnaire, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, hospitalization, autism, major clinical study, (3 iodobenzyl)guanidine, retrospective study, prospective study, colonoscopy, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, computer assisted tomography, breast feeding, immune response, adult, skin biopsy, human, female, brief infant sleep questionnaire, biological marker, differential ability scale, prevalence, pregnancy, coronavirus disease 2019, and Article
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: UH Cleveland Medical Center, The MetroHealth System, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Weill Cornell Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Brown University, Medical College of Wisconsin, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston John P. and Katherine G. McGovern Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Duke University, New York University School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Saint Peter's University Hospital, Trihealth Good Samaritan Hospital Maternal Fetal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Utah Health Hospitals and Clinics, Christiana Care Health System, University of Utah Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, The George Washington University, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Case Western Reserve University, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, and Columbia University
Person:: Hackney D.N., Gibson K.S., Gallagher R., Mallett G., Flaherman V.J., Skupski D.W., Hoffman M.C., Sciurba F.C., Rouse D.J., Martin-Herz S.P., Jacoby V.L., Palatnik A., Mendez-Figueroa H., Thaweethai T., Beamon C.J., Güthe N., Yee L.M., Costantine M.M., Plunkett B.A., Hughes B.L., Katz S.D., Parry S., Palomares K.T.S., Chan J., Habli M., Fitzgerald M.L., Pettker C.M., Simhan H.N., Metz T.D., Hoffman M.K., Gross R.S., Schlater S.M., Peralta-Carcelen M., Sowles A., Weigand S., Weiner S.J., Tita A.T., Horwitz L.I., Reeder H.T., Monzon V., Saade G.R., Chang A.A., Thomas G.L., Foulkes A.S., Clifton R.G., Laleau V., Sandoval G.J., Poppas A., Thorp J.M., Jr., and Reddy U.M.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 4953b9b1-5636-4cf9-ae53-f8c092632dbd

119. Real-time PCR detection of mixed Plasmodium ovale curtisi and wallikeri infections in human and mosquito hosts

Title Tesim:: Real-time PCR detection of mixed Plasmodium ovale curtisi and wallikeri infections in human and mosquito hosts
Creator:: Lin, Jessica T., Potlapalli, Varun R., Tarimo, Brian B., Mathias, Derrick, Williams, Danielle R., Muller, Meredith S., Na, Yu Bin, Kharabora, Oksana, Chhetri, Srijana, Parr, Jonathan B., Liu, Mei S., Carey-Ewend, Kelly, Ali, Innocent Mbulli, Lin, Feng-Chang, Juliano, Jonathan J., and Ngasala, Billy
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Plasmodium ovale curtisi (Poc) and Plasmodium ovale wallikeri (Pow) represent distinct non-recombining Plasmodium species that are increasing in prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. Though they circulate sympatrically, co-infection within human and mosquito hosts has rarely been described. Separate 18S rRNA real-time PCR assays that detect Poc and Pow were modified to allow species determination in parallel under identical cycling conditions. The lower limit of detection was 0.6 plasmid copies/μL (95% CI 0.4–1.6) for Poc and 4.5 plasmid copies/μL (95% CI 2.7–18) for Pow, or 0.1 and 0.8 parasites/μL, respectively, assuming 6 copies of 18s rRNA per genome. However, the assays showed cross-reactivity at concentrations greater than 103 plasmid copies/μL (roughly 200 parasites/μL). Mock mixtures were used to establish criteria for classifying mixed Poc/Pow infections that prevented false-positive detection while maintaining sensitive detection of the minority ovale species down to 100 copies/μL (<1 parasite/μL). When the modified real-time PCR assays were applied to field-collected blood samples from Tanzania and Cameroon, species identification by real-time PCR was concordant with nested PCR in 19 samples, but additionally detected two mixed Poc/Pow infections where nested PCR detected a single Po species. When real-time PCR was applied to oocyst-positive Anopheles midguts saved from mosquitoes fed on P. ovale-infected persons, mixed Poc/Pow infections were detected in 11/14 (79%). Based on these results, 8/9 P. ovale carriers transmitted both P. ovale species to mosquitoes, though both Po species could only be detected in the blood of two carriers. The described real-time PCR approach can be used to identify the natural occurrence of mixed Poc/Pow infections in human and mosquito hosts and reveals that such co-infections and co-transmission are likely more common than appreciated.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Gillings School of Global Public Health
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/c7x5-2f78
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011274
ISSN:: 1935-2735
Journal Issue:: 12
Journal Title:: PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Journal Volume:: 17
Keyword:: Ribosomal RNA, Plasmodium, Polymerase chain reaction, Parasitic diseases, Plasmodium ovale, Nested polymerase chain reaction, Mosquitoes, and Blood
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: School of Medicine, , Ifakara Health Institute-Bagamoyo Office, University of Florida, University of Dschang, and Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
Page Start:: e0011274
Person:: Lin, Jessica T., Potlapalli, Varun R., Tarimo, Brian B., Mathias, Derrick, Williams, Danielle R., Muller, Meredith S., Na, Yu Bin, Kharabora, Oksana, Chhetri, Srijana, Parr, Jonathan B., Liu, Mei S., Carey-Ewend, Kelly, Ali, Innocent Mbulli, Lin, Feng-Chang, Juliano, Jonathan J., and Ngasala, Billy
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 579c1142-8ad6-4c15-9cb1-cf81289bc2a6

120. Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using recombinase polymerase amplification: A pilot study

Title Tesim:: Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using recombinase polymerase amplification: A pilot study
Creator:: Coronel J., Sciaudone M., Zimic M., Carpena R., Calderón M., Sheen P., Gilman R.H., and Bowman N.M.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Tuberculosis treatment and control efforts are hindered by the difficulty in making the diagnosis, as currently available diagnostic tests are too slow, too expensive, or not sufficiently sensitive. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel technique that allows for the amplification of DNA rapidly, at constant temperature, and with minimal expense. We calculated and compared the limit of detection, sensitivity, and specificity of two RPA-based assays for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, using two sets of published primers. We also calculated and compared the assays’ limits of detection and compared their performance using two different DNA extraction methods prior to amplification (a commercially available DNA extraction kit vs. the chelex method). The RPA-lateral flow assay had a limit of detection of 5 fg/μL of DNA, a sensitivity of 53.2%, and a specificity of 93.3%, while the real time-RPA assay had a limit of detection of 25 fg/μL of DNA, a sensitivity of 85.1%, and a specificity of 93.3%. There was no difference in assay performance when DNA extraction was carried out using the commercial kit vs. the chelex method. The real-time RPA assay has adequate sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and could be a viable diagnostic tool in resource-limited settings, but the lateral flow assay did not perform as well, perhaps due to the fact we used stored sputum specimens from a biorepository. More work is needed to optimize the RPA-lateral flow assay, to get a more accurate estimate of its specificity and sensitivity using prospectively collected specimens, and to develop both assays into point-of-care tests that can be easily deployed in the field.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Medicine
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/feya-fd09
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295610
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 12-Dec
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 18
Keyword:: Article, decontamination, DNA extraction, Nucleotidyltransferases, genetics, agglutination test, lung tuberculosis, controlled study, polymerase chain reaction, nucleic acid amplification techniques, pilot study, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, DNA, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, recombinase, human, chelex, pyrazinamide, recombinase polymerase amplification, genotype, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, nucleotidyltransferase, Recombinases, spectrophotometry, temperature, nonhuman, sensitivity analysis, Pilot Projects, sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic test accuracy study, procedures, fluorescence in situ hybridization, tuberculosis, and Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Tulane University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, and
Person:: Coronel J., Sciaudone M., Zimic M., Carpena R., Calderón M., Sheen P., Gilman R.H., and Bowman N.M.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: ad2a9094-b091-48d0-8959-2b96d9b02f0c

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