PLoS Articles // Carolina Digital Repository

Works (2112)

141. Exploring barriers and facilitators of implementing an at-home SARS-CoV-2 antigen self-testing intervention: The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) initiatives

Title Tesim:: Exploring barriers and facilitators of implementing an at-home SARS-CoV-2 antigen self-testing intervention: The Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics-Underserved Populations (RADx-UP) initiatives
Creator:: Corbie G., Cohen-Wolkowiez M., Carilli C., Dave G., Cross L.M., Yusuf B., Richmond A., Kibbe W., Conserve D., DeFosset A., and Anderson R.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: BACKGROUND: Evaluating community-based programs provides value to researchers, funding entities, and community stakeholders involved in program implementation, and can increase program impact and sustainability. To understand factors related to program implementation, we aimed to capture the perspective of community partners engaged in organizing and executing community-engaged programs to distribute COVID-19 at-home tests in underserved communities. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus groups with community-based stakeholders informed by the Outcomes for Implementation Research framework. RESULTS: Findings describe how community-engaged communication and dissemination strategies drove program adoption among grassroots stakeholders. Establishing and sustaining trusted relationships was vital to engaging partners with aligned values and capacity. Respondents characterized the programs as generally feasible and appropriate, and community partners felt capable of delivering the program successfully. However, they also described an increased burden on their workforce and desired more significant support. Respondents recognized the programs' community engagement practices as a critical facilitator of acceptability and impact. DISCUSSION: Implementation evaluation aims to inform current and future community outreach and engagement efforts with best practices. As we continue to inform and advance community-engaged disaster response practice, a parallel reimagining of public health funding mechanisms and timelines could provide a foundation for trust, collaboration, and community resiliency that endures beyond a given crisis.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Social Medicine and Department of Maternal and Child Health
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/ysfy-yp10
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294458
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 11
Journal Title:: PloS one
Journal Volume:: 18
Keyword:: Vulnerable Populations, human, SARS-CoV-2, community care, self-testing, Self-Testing, Humans, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Community Health Services, COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019, vulnerable population, COVID-19 testing, and COVID-19 Testing
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: , Duke University, Community-Campus Partnerships for Health, and The George Washington University
Page Start:: e0294458
Person:: Corbie G., Cohen-Wolkowiez M., Carilli C., Dave G., Cross L.M., Yusuf B., Richmond A., Kibbe W., Conserve D., DeFosset A., and Anderson R.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: e224ddfc-989b-471c-921d-32ce1d5aa70e

142. Ethical inclusion: Risks and benefits of research from the perspective of perinatal people with opioid use disorders who have experienced incarceration

Title Tesim:: Ethical inclusion: Risks and benefits of research from the perspective of perinatal people with opioid use disorders who have experienced incarceration
Creator:: Black, Kristel, Reddy, Julia, Knittel, Andrea K., Jordan, Kiva, Jackson, Jamie B., and Bazemore, Keia
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Background Research ethics guidelines and emphasis on representation in research guide the inclusion of marginalized groups, including people with perinatal opioid use disorders (OUD) and people experiencing incarceration in the United States. However, insights from participants regarding the risks and benefits of participation are not adequately considered. The aim of this study was to examine the risks and benefits of research participation from the perspective of pregnant/postpartum people with OUD who have experienced incarceration. Design We recruited people who had experience with perinatal incarceration and were either currently pregnant or postpartum, and at least 18 years old. All participants met the clinical criteria for OUD. Our study did not have exclusion criteria based on gender, race, or ethnicity. Setting Participants were either currently incarcerated at the North Carolina Correctional Institute for Women in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States or had previously experienced perinatal incarceration and were recruited from a perinatal substance use disorder treatment program located in North Carolina. Participants Between 9/2021-4/2022, we completed 12 interviews with pregnant/postpartum people with OUD, approximately half who were currently incarcerated and half with a recent history of perinatal incarceration. Intervention/measurement Interviews were conducted via Webex phone or video. The interviews followed a scripted interview guide and lasted one hour on average. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the Rigorous and Accelerated Data Reduction technique to produce an overarching thematic framework. Findings Our analysis identified benefits, including the personal advantage of self-expression, helping others and contributing to change, and financial incentives. Risks included stigma and breach of confidentiality, misunderstanding of the distinction between research and advocacy, and limited ability to share their whole experience. Conclusions Participant-identified benefits of research mirrored those from other marginalized populations, though participant-identified risks were novel and nuanced. Recruitment and consent should move beyond normative research ethics committees protocol language to consider the perspectives of participants.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: School of Medicine, Department of Maternal and Child Health, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/2s0s-j866
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294604
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 11
Journal Title:: PLOS ONE
Journal Volume:: 18
Keyword:: Research ethics, Research design, Pregnancy, North Carolina, Medical risk factors, Qualitative studies, Prisons, and Finance
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:
Page Start:: e0294604
Person:: Black, Kristel, Reddy, Julia, Knittel, Andrea K., Jordan, Kiva, Jackson, Jamie B., and Bazemore, Keia
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 62f1eb4b-4f22-4a3b-af66-3dfee320e713

143. Disease decreases variation in host community structure in an old-field grassland

Title Tesim:: Disease decreases variation in host community structure in an old-field grassland
Creator:: Grunberg R.L., Heckman R.W., Joyner B.N., Keeffe K.R.O., Mitchell C.E., and Halliday F.W.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Disease may drive variation in host community structure by modifying the interplay of deterministic and stochastic processes that shape communities. For instance, deterministic processes like ecological selection can benefit species less impacted by disease. When communities have higher levels of disease and disease consistently selects for certain host species, this can reduce variation in host community composition. On the other hand, when host communities are less impacted by disease and selection is weaker, stochastic processes (e.g., drift, dispersal) may play a bigger role in host community structure, which can increase variation among communities. While effects of disease on host community structure have been quantified in field experiments, few have addressed the role of disease in modulating variation in structure among host communities. To address this, we conducted a field experiment spanning three years, using a tractable system: foliar fungal pathogens in an old-field grassland community dominated by the grass Lolium arundinaceum, tall fescue. We reduced foliar fungal disease burden in replicate host communities (experimental plots in intact vegetation) in three fungicide regimens that varied in the seasonal duration of fungicide treatment and included a fungicide-free control. We measured host diversity, biomass, and variation in community structure among replicate communities. Disease reduction generally decreased plant richness and increased aboveground biomass relative to communities experiencing ambient levels of disease. These changes in richness and aboveground biomass were consistent across years despite changes in structure of the plant communities over the experiment’s three years. Importantly, disease reduction amplified host community variation, suggesting that disease diminished the degree to which host communities were structured by stochastic processes. These results of experimental disease reduction both highlight the potential importance of stochastic processes in plant communities and reveal the potential for disease to regulate variation in host community structure.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Biology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/hdgx-yz46
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293495
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 10-Oct
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 18
Keyword:: host interaction, Sorghum halepense, Tripsacum dactyloides, Rhizoctonia solani, richness, plant community dissimilarity, Grassland, controlled study, Lolium, Poaceae, Puccinia coronata, Biomass, plant, Biodiversity, plant richness, disease burden, biodiversity, prevalence, community composition, community structure, Ecosystem, physiology, Verbesina occidentalis, anthracnose, Bray Curtis treatment, host diversity, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, Article, Simpson index, heteroscedasticity, Lespedeza cuneata, fungicide, comparative study, Shannon index, hill diversity, Festuca, letotrichum cereale, Fungicides, Industrial, stochastic model, evolutionary adaptation, biomass, plant community, ecosystem, brown patch, Plants, nonhuman, analysis of variance, community convergence, fescue, tall fescue, experimental disease, grassland, and Lonicera japonica
Language Label:: English
License Label:: CC0 1.0 Universal
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:: Grunberg R.L., Heckman R.W., Joyner B.N., Keeffe K.R.O., Mitchell C.E., and Halliday F.W.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: bfe9604f-3fd0-4034-9800-2d87fbdd2042

144. AUM302, a novel triple kinase PIM/PI3K/ mTOR inhibitor, is a potent in vitro pancreatic cancer growth inhibitor

Title Tesim:: AUM302, a novel triple kinase PIM/PI3K/ mTOR inhibitor, is a potent in vitro pancreatic cancer growth inhibitor
Creator:: LaComb J.F., Ingle K., Graves L.M., Baines A.T., and Bialkowska A.B.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths, with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) being the most common subtype. Advanced stage diagnosis of PDAC is common, causing limited treatment opportunities. Gemcitabine is a frequently used chemotherapeutic agent which can be used as a monotherapy or in combination. However, tumors often develop resistance to gemcitabine. Previous studies show that the proto-oncogene PIM kinases (PIM1 and PIM3) are upregulated in PDAC compared to matched normal tissue and are related to chemoresistance and PDAC cell growth. The PIM kinases are also involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway to promote cell survival. In this study, we evaluate the effect of the novel multikinase PIM/PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, AUM302, and commercially available PIM inhibitor, TP-3654. Using five human PDAC cell lines, we found AUM302 to be a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation, cell viability, cell cycle progression, and phosphoprotein expression, while TP-3654 was less effective. Significantly, AUM302 had a strong impact on the viability of gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AUM302 exhibits antitumor activity in human PDAC cells and thus has the potential to be an effective drug for PDAC therapy.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Pharmacology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/wh3y-kf86
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294065
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 11-Nov
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 18
Keyword:: pancreatic ductal carcinoma, cell cycle progression, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, pancreas carcinoma, PANC-1 cell line, upregulation, MIA PaCa-2 cell line, human cell, cell viability, apoptosis, down regulation, Antineoplastic Agents, Cell Proliferation, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Akt signaling, target of rapamycin kinase, protein phosphorylation, Western blotting, Growth Inhibitors, BxPC-3 cell line, Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors, Capan-2 cell line, pathology, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitor, growth inhibitor, Cell Line, Tumor, protein kinase inhibitor, antineoplastic agent, Pancreatic Carcinoma, cell cycle G1 phase, metabolism, tumor cell line, IC50, protein p21, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, cancer growth, pancreas tumor, protein expression, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, cancer mortality, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, antineoplastic activity, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Humans, cell survival, cell proliferation, Hs 766T cell line, Gemcitabine, pancreas cancer, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, Article, cell cycle G0 phase, protein kinase Pim 1, human, gemcitabine, cell growth, and Myc protein
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University and
Person:: LaComb J.F., Ingle K., Graves L.M., Baines A.T., and Bialkowska A.B.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: 89f2f696-c492-41e6-8fec-5154686496d8

145. Associations between personal apparent temperature exposures and asthma symptoms in children with asthma

Title Tesim:: Associations between personal apparent temperature exposures and asthma symptoms in children with asthma
Creator:: Zhang J.J., Li Z., Evans S., Zhou X., Li F., He L., Bergin M.H., Norris C., Cui X., Zhang Y., Black M., and Barkjohn K.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Ambient temperature and relative humidity can affect asthma symptoms. Apparent temperature is a measure of temperature perceived by humans that takes into account the effect of humidity. However, the potential link between personal exposures to apparent temperature and asthma symptoms has not been investigated. We conducted a panel study of 37 asthmatic children, aged 5–11 years, during an early spring season (average daily ambient temperature: 14C, range: 7–18C). Asthma symptoms were measured 4 times for each participant with a 2-week interval between consecutive measurements using the Childhood Asthma-Control Test (C-ACT). Average, minimum, and maximum personal apparent temperature exposures, apparent temperature exposure variability (TV), and average ambient temperature were calculated for the 12 hours, 24 hours, week, and 2 weeks prior to each visit. We found that a 10C lower in 1-week and 2-week average & minimum personal apparent temperature exposures, TV, and average ambient temperature exposures were significantly associated with lower total C-ACT scores by up to 2.2, 1.4, 3.3, and 1.4 points, respectively, indicating worsened asthma symptoms. Our results support that personal apparent temperature exposure is potentially a stronger driver than ambient temperature exposures for the variability in asthma symptom scores. Maintaining a proper personal apparent temperature exposure could be an effective strategy for personalized asthma management. Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/z8zg-9s29
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293603
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 11-Nov
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 18
Keyword:: particulate matter 2.5, personal apparent temperature, microenvironment, sensitivity analysis, Seasons, Child, Asthma Control Test, corticosteroid, Article, caregiver, Temperature, Childhood Asthma Control Test, human experiment, Air Pollutants, Asthma, Humidity, child, Humans, exposure, environmental temperature, Environmental Exposure, ozone, temperature exposure, female, temperature, air pollutant, male, lung function, spring, spirometry, human, asthma, complication, eosinophil count, air pollution, season, humidity, relative humidity, and environmental exposure
Language Label:: English
License Label:: CC0 1.0 Universal
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Duke University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lehigh University, , Tsinghua University, and Underwriters Laboratories, Inc
Person:: Zhang J.J., Li Z., Evans S., Zhou X., Li F., He L., Bergin M.H., Norris C., Cui X., Zhang Y., Black M., and Barkjohn K.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: e3ea739d-d6b0-43bb-b7c8-e14acd5537a6

146. An instant messaging mobile phone application for promoting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among Chinese gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: A mixed methods feasibility and piloting randomized controlled trial study

Title Tesim:: An instant messaging mobile phone application for promoting HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake among Chinese gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men: A mixed methods feasibility and piloting randomized controlled trial study
Creator:: Yu J., Li C., Tong X., Sherer R., Yang Z., Fisher E.B., Matthews D.D., Mu T., Huang H., Li L., Maman S., Xiong Y., Tang W., Muessig K.E., Lio J., Tucker J.D., and Hazra A.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Background Mobile health (mHealth) is a promising intervention mode for HIV prevention, but little is known about its feasibility and effects in promoting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake among Chinese gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Methods We evaluated an instant messaging application using a WeChat-based mini-app to promote PrEP uptake among GBMSM via a mixed-methods design that includes a 12-week, two-arm randomized controlled pilot trial and in-depth progress interviews in Guangzhou, China. Primary outcomes include the number of PrEP initiations, individual-level psychosocial variables related to PrEP initiation, and usability of the PrEP mini-app. Results Between November 2020 and April 2021, 70 GBMSM were successfully enrolled and randomized into two arms at 2:1 ratio (46 to the intervention arm, 24 to the control arm). By the end of 12-week follow-up, 22 (31.4%) participants completed the initial consultation and lab tests for PrEP, and 13 (18.6%) filled their initial PrEP prescription. We observed modest but non-significant improvements in participants’ intention to use PrEP, actual PrEP initiation, PrEP-related self-efficacy, stigma, and attitudes over 12 weeks when comparing the mini-app and the control arms. Qualitative interviews revealed the key barriers to PrEP uptake include anticipated stigma and discrimination in clinical settings, burden of PrEP care, and limited operating hours of the PrEP clinic. In-person clinic navigation support was highly valued. Conclusions This pilot trial of a mobile phone-based PrEP mini-app demonstrated feasibility and identified limitations in facilitating PrEP uptake among Chinese GBMSM. Future improvements may include diversifying the content presentation in engaging media formats, adding user engagement features, and providing off-line in-clinic navigation support during initial PrEP visit. More efforts are needed to understand optimal strategies to identify and implement alternative PrEP provision models especially in highly stigmatized settings with diverse needs. Trial registration Trial registration: The study was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04426656) on 11 June, 2020.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Health Behavior and UNC Project-China
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/k8f5-z778
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285036
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 11-Nov
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 18
Keyword:: HIV Infections, adult, male homosexuality, health behavior, Pilot Projects, randomized controlled trial, pre-exposure prophylaxis, Mobile Applications, human, Homosexuality, Male, feasibility study, text messaging, Chinese, Human immunodeficiency virus, psychology, men who have sex with men, health care delivery, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, homosexual male, Feasibility Studies, Male, Sexual and Gender Minorities, virus transmission, East Asian People, East Asian, social media, pilot study, Humans, human experiment, qualitative research, emtricitabine, outcome assessment, Cell Phone, tenofovir disoproxil, social psychology, consultation, controlled study, follow up, procedures, male, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis, Article, and sexual and gender minority
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Beijing Naomi Media Company, , Xi’an Polytechnic University, University of Chicago, Qingdao Eighth People’s Hospital, Wuhan Tongxing LGBTQ Center, and Guangzhou Number Eight People’s Hospital
Person:: Yu J., Li C., Tong X., Sherer R., Yang Z., Fisher E.B., Matthews D.D., Mu T., Huang H., Li L., Maman S., Xiong Y., Tang W., Muessig K.E., Lio J., Tucker J.D., and Hazra A.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: 2b2b4fd4-384b-49f2-803b-0ff2654622b8

147. A tale of two communities: Comparing user perceptions of condominial and conventional sewer systems in Salvador, Brazil

Title Tesim:: A tale of two communities: Comparing user perceptions of condominial and conventional sewer systems in Salvador, Brazil
Creator:: Spears, Claire A., White, Cassandra, Bourgeois, Anu, Sodré, Jonatas Fernandes Araújo, Costa, Federico, Stauber, Christine E., Oliveira, Luciana Joaquim, Nery Jr, Nivison, Brown, Joe, and Palma, Fabiana Almerinda G.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Problems of access and quality of sanitary sewage disproportionately impact the health of populations in urban peripheries of low-and middle-income countries. The condominial sewer system is a practical, low-cost, effective, and simplified engineering approach compared to conventional sewer systems. In support of meeting the sanitation needs in highly populated urban settings, there is a need to understand the residents’ perceptions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of this sanitation model compared to conventional sewer systems. We conducted a cross-sectional study from September to December 2021 in two urban communities of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, where condominial and conventional sewer systems had been implemented in the last five years. Of the 203 residents we interviewed, 50.7% lived in a site served by a condominial sewer system. Residents in the condominial sewer site reported not connecting to public sewage network (23.7% vs. 11.2%; p = 0.022) more often than in the conventional site. They reported more collective action to solve urban sanitation problems (69.9% vs. 54.0%; p = 0.020), such as manhole cleaning and unclogging efforts to fix plumbing. Despite these challenges, these residents expressed that the current service quality is better than it was in the previous two years. Our results suggest that even within urban periphery communities of a large Brazilian city, disparities exist in access to and quality of sanitation services that may be linked to sewage system implementation. Implementing simplified sewer systems is important to meet the growing sanitation demands of urban areas. However, these systems should also play a role in reducing sanitation disparities and the adoption of participatory approaches to meet the needs of populations in the most disadvantaged conditions. Despite challenging conditions, there is the potential for community engagement and active participation in sanitation-related matters, which could enhance the implementation and long-term sustainability of these systems.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/p73x-pc16
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000129
ISSN:: 2767-3219
Journal Issue:: 11
Journal Title:: PLOS Water
Journal Volume:: 2
Keyword:: Sewage, Urban infrastructure, Cell phones, Quality of life, Water resources, Brazil, Chi square tests, and Sanitation
Language Label:: English
License Label:: CC0 1.0 Universal
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Georgia State University, Federal University of Bahia, and
Page Start:: e0000129
Person:: Spears, Claire A., White, Cassandra, Bourgeois, Anu, Sodré, Jonatas Fernandes Araújo, Costa, Federico, Stauber, Christine E., Oliveira, Luciana Joaquim, Nery Jr, Nivison, Brown, Joe, and Palma, Fabiana Almerinda G.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: de915e4b-d1d1-4676-bfaa-4d54f184373e

148. A community health worker-led program to improve access to gestational diabetes screening in urban slums of Pune, India: Results from a mixed methods study

Title Tesim:: A community health worker-led program to improve access to gestational diabetes screening in urban slums of Pune, India: Results from a mixed methods study
Creator:: Chalem, Andrea, Ponticiello, Matthew, Chebrolu, Puja, Mathad, Jyoti S., Sundararajan, Radhika, Lorenc, Rachel, Kulkarni, Vaishali, Broderick, Kathryn, Vaidyanathan, Arthi, and Onawale, Ashlesha
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: The World Health Organization recommends all pregnant women receive screening for gestational diabetes (GDM) with a fasting oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). However, very few women receive recommended screening in resource-limited countries like India. We implemented a community health worker (CHW)-delivered program to evaluate if home-based, CHW-delivered OGTT would increase GDM screening in a low-resource setting. We conducted a mixed methods study in two urban slum communities in Pune, India. CHWs were trained to deliver home-based, point-of-care fasting OGTT to women in their third trimester of pregnancy. The primary outcome was uptake of CHW-delivered OGTT. Secondary outcomes included GDM prevalence and linkage to GDM care. Individual interviews were conducted with purposively sampled pregnant women, CHWs, and local clinicians to assess barriers and facilitators of this approach. From October 2021-June 2022, 248 eligible pregnant women were identified. Of these, 223 (90%) accepted CHW-delivered OGTT and 31 (14%) were diagnosed with GDM. Thirty (97%) women diagnosed with GDM subsequently sought GDM care; only 10 (33%) received lifestyle counseling or pharmacologic therapy. Qualitative interviews indicated that CHW-delivered testing was considered highly acceptable as home-based testing saved time and was more convenient than clinic-based testing. Inconsistent clinical management of GDM was attributed to providers’ lack of time to deliver counseling, and perceptions that low-income populations are not at risk for GDM. Convenience and trust in a CHW-delivered GDM screening program resulted in high access to gold-standard OGTT screening and identification of a high GDM prevalence among pregnant women in two urban slum communities. Appropriate linkage to care was limited by clinician time constraints and misperceptions of GDM risk. CHW-delivered GDM screening and counseling may improve health education and access to preventive healthcare, offloading busy public clinics in high-need, low-resource settings.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/4jpw-mn93
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001622
ISSN:: 2767-3375
Journal Issue:: 10
Journal Title:: PLOS Global Public Health
Journal Volume:: 3
Keyword:: Medical risk factors, India, Physicians, Health screening, Pregnancy, Human families, Gestational diabetes, and Antenatal care
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: , Yale University School of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, and Deep Griha Society
Page Start:: e0001622
Person:: Chalem, Andrea, Ponticiello, Matthew, Chebrolu, Puja, Mathad, Jyoti S., Sundararajan, Radhika, Lorenc, Rachel, Kulkarni, Vaishali, Broderick, Kathryn, Vaidyanathan, Arthi, and Onawale, Ashlesha
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: aff8ba25-3496-4163-aaac-669d665c5b94

149. Using detrending to assess SARS-CoV-2 wastewater loads as a leading indicator of fluctuations in COVID-19 cases at fine temporal scales: Correlations across twenty sewersheds in North Carolina

Title Tesim:: Using detrending to assess SARS-CoV-2 wastewater loads as a leading indicator of fluctuations in COVID-19 cases at fine temporal scales: Correlations across twenty sewersheds in North Carolina
Creator:: Blackwood, Denene, Engel, Lawrence, Berkowitz, Steven, Clerkin, Thomas, de los Reyes, Francis, Serre, Marc, Cahoon, Lawrence, Stewart, Jill, Beattie, Rachelle, Guidry, Virginia T., Frampton, Arthur, Kotlarz, Nadine, Hoffman, Kelly, Christensen, Ariel, Kazenelson, Jacob, Reckling, Stacie, Lee, Allison, Mitasova, Helena, Munir, Mariya, Holcomb, David, Noble, Rachel, and Harris, Angela
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: Wastewater surveillance emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic as a novel strategy for tracking the burden of illness in communities. Previous work has shown that trends in wastewater SARS-CoV-2 viral loads correlate well with reported COVID-19 case trends over longer time periods (i.e., months). We used detrending time series to reveal shorter sub-trend patterns (i.e., weeks) to identify leads or lags in the temporal alignment of the wastewater/case relationship. Daily incident COVID-19 cases and twice-weekly wastewater SARS-CoV-2 viral loads measured at 20 North Carolina sewersheds in 2021 were detrended using smoothing ranges of ∞, 16, 8, 4 and 2 weeks, to produce detrended cases and wastewater viral loads at progressively finer time scales. For each sewershed and smoothing range, we calculated the Spearman correlation between the cases and the wastewater viral loads with offsets of -7 to +7 days. We identified a conclusive lead/lag relationship at 15 of 20 sewersheds, with detrended wastewater loads temporally leading detrended COVID-19 cases at 11 of these sites. For the 11 leading sites, the correlation between wastewater loads and cases was greatest for wastewater loads sampled at a median lead time of 6 days before the cases were reported. Distinct lead/lag relationships were the most pronounced after detrending with smoothing ranges of 4–8 weeks, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 wastewater viral loads can track fluctuations in COVID-19 case incidence rates at fine time scales and may serve as a leading indicator in many settings. These results could help public health officials identify, and deploy timely responses in, areas where cases are increasing faster than the overall pandemic trend.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/24ka-n338
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000140
ISSN:: 2767-3219
Journal Issue:: 10
Journal Title:: PLOS Water
Journal Volume:: 2
Keyword:: Public and occupational health, North Carolina, Viral load, Epidemiology, SARS CoV 2, Virus testing, Disease surveillance, and COVID 19
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: , North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, and University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Page Start:: e0000140
Person:: Blackwood, Denene, Engel, Lawrence, Berkowitz, Steven, Clerkin, Thomas, de los Reyes, Francis, Serre, Marc, Cahoon, Lawrence, Stewart, Jill, Beattie, Rachelle, Guidry, Virginia T., Frampton, Arthur, Kotlarz, Nadine, Hoffman, Kelly, Christensen, Ariel, Kazenelson, Jacob, Reckling, Stacie, Lee, Allison, Mitasova, Helena, Munir, Mariya, Holcomb, David, Noble, Rachel, and Harris, Angela
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: c970eb4d-fa69-4b28-9404-7d1de7e710ba

150. Ten simple rules for interpreting and evaluating a meta-analysis

Title Tesim:: Ten simple rules for interpreting and evaluating a meta-analysis
Creator:: Martin J.R., Beckett R.D., and Carlson R.B.
Date of publication:: 2023
Abstract Tesim:: A systematic review with meta-analysis is often considered the highest level of evidence in ranking the literature. The term “systematic review” refers to the overall publication, while the term “meta-analysis” indicates that the review includes a statistical synthesis of results from at least 2 of the included studies. Not all systematic reviews include a meta-analysis, but meta-analyses are always within a systematic review. There are different types of metaanalyses in which statistical analysis can be performed, including network meta-analysis and Bayesian meta-analysis. While these meta-analysis methods can vary, the majority are “variations on a weighted average of the effect estimates from the different studies.”
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Health Sciences Library
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/mz9f-w751
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011461
ISSN:: 1553-734X
Journal Issue:: 9
Journal Title:: PLoS Computational Biology
Journal Volume:: 19
Keyword:: statistical significance, citation analysis, human, methodology, Article, meta analysis (topic), data extraction, bibliographic database, documentation, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: University of Arizona, Parkview Health, and
Person:: Martin J.R., Beckett R.D., and Carlson R.B.
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: 36e08d1b-9346-4b78-bdf9-90c803821f71

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