PLoS Articles
User Collection Public
UNC-authored articles published by the Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Works (2111)
161. A pilot exploratory study examining the potential influence of continuous positive airway pressure devices on cranial molding trajectories in preterm infants
- Title Tesim:
- A pilot exploratory study examining the potential influence of continuous positive airway pressure devices on cranial molding trajectories in preterm infants
- Creator:
- Brown A., Boynton M., Hammond S., Quinn L., Hite A., McCarty D.B., Blazek K., and O'Shea T.M.
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- Objective The objective of this exploratory study was to assess the potential impacts of two different continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices on preterm infant head shape and circumference. Study design Twenty infants born at <32 weeks gestational age requiring CPAP support were enrolled. Ten infants used the Hudson RCI Nasal Prong CPAP device and 10 infants used the Fisher- Paykel CPAP device. Infant Cranial Index (CI) and head circumference (HC) were collected weekly as well as infant gestational age at birth, and total number of days on CPAP. Results At baseline, average total birthweight of infants was 1021 grams (SD = 227 grams), average gestational age was 26.9 weeks (SD = 1.80), mean CI was 79.7 cm (SD = 5.95), and HC was 10.2 cm (SD = 0.92). Days on CPAP ranged from 16 to 63 days, with an average of 40.7 (SD = 13.6) days. Neither CI nor HC differed by device type; however, the Fisher-Paykel device was associated with slightly greater HC growth rate. Conclusion CPAP devices and the pressures they apply plausibly contribute to preterm infant cranial molding over time, with the greatest potential impact on infants who require CPAP support for longer periods; however, these findings must be validated in larger cohorts. Additionally, positioning practices should be further examined to determine how they may contribute to or prevent the development of cranial molding deformity.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/gq3j-ef02
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292671
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 10-Oct
- Journal Title:
- PLoS ONE
- Journal Volume:
- 18
- Keyword:
- head flattening, continuous positive airway pressure, occupational therapy, patient positioning, infant, Article, growth rate, head circumference, osteopenia, birth weight, gestational age, airway pressure, brain hemorrhage, nose septum, respiratory therapist, and human
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- , UNC Children's Hospital, and Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist
- Person:
- Brown A., Boynton M., Hammond S., Quinn L., Hite A., McCarty D.B., Blazek K., and O'Shea T.M.
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Source:
- 529f53e8-b991-4ec0-a4d6-8e6dc28fd37b
162. An open-source probabilistic record linkage process for records with family-level information: Simulation study and applied analysis
- Title Tesim:
- An open-source probabilistic record linkage process for records with family-level information: Simulation study and applied analysis
- Creator:
- Prindle J., Putnam-Hornstein E., and Suthar H.
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- Research with administrative records involves the challenge of limited information in any single data source to answer policy-related questions. Record linkage provides researchers with a tool to supplement administrative datasets with other information about the same people when identified in separate sources as matched pairs. Several solutions are available for undertaking record linkage, producing linkage keys for merging data sources for positively matched pairs of records. In the current manuscript, we demonstrate a new application of the Python RecordLinkage package to family-based record linkages with machine learning algorithms for probability scoring, which we call probabilistic record linkage for families (PRLF). First, a simulation of administrative records identifies PRLF accuracy with variations in match and data degradation percentages. Accuracy is largely influenced by degradation (e.g., missing data fields, mismatched values) compared to the percentage of simulated matches. Second, an application of data linkage is presented to compare regression model estimate performance across three record linkage solutions (PRLF, ChoiceMaker, and Link Plus). Our findings indicate that all three solutions, when optimized, provide similar results for researchers. Strengths of our process, such as the use of ensemble methods, to improve match accuracy are discussed. We then identify caveats of record linkage in the context of administrative data.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- School of Social Work
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/xhfk-a715
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291581
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 10-Oct
- Journal Title:
- PLoS ONE
- Journal Volume:
- 18
- Keyword:
- regression model, algorithm, simulation, article, probability, machine learning, and human
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- University of Southern California and
- Person:
- Prindle J., Putnam-Hornstein E., and Suthar H.
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Source:
- 1ff4a6fc-0535-4cd9-8bb2-7448ca039ec4
163. An efficient machine learning framework to identify important clinical features associated with pulmonary embolism
- Title Tesim:
- An efficient machine learning framework to identify important clinical features associated with pulmonary embolism
- Creator:
- Zou F., Zou B., and Cai J.
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- A misdiagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) can have severe consequences such as disability or death. It’s crucial to accurately identify key clinical features of PE in clinical practice to promptly identify potential PE patients who may present asymptomatically, and to prevent misdiagnosing PE as asthma exacerbation in patients with symptoms like dyspnea or chest pain. However, reliably identifying these important features can be challenging due to many factors influencing the likelihood of PE development in complex fashions (e.g., the interactions among these factors). To address this difficulty, we presented an effective framework using the deep neural network (DNN) model and the permutation-based feature importance test (PermFIT) procedure, i.e., PermFIT-DNN. We applied the PermFIT-DNN framework to the analysis of data from a PE study for asthma exacerbation patients. Our analysis results show that the PermFIT-DNN framework can robustly identify key features for classifying PE status. The important features identified can also aid in accurately predicting the PE risk.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Biostatistics
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/a936-ca41
- Identifier:
- https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292185
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 9-Sep
- Journal Title:
- PLoS ONE
- Journal Volume:
- 18
- Keyword:
- female, dyspnea, clinical feature, lung embolism, support vector machine, cerebrovascular disease, disease exacerbation, machine learning, medical history, human, Neural Networks, Computer, Dyspnea, Asthma, asthma, Pulmonary Embolism, adult, random forest, hypertension, Machine Learning, smoking, deep neural network, complication, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, artificial neural network, Humans, congestive heart failure, cross validation, male, cohort analysis, Article, middle aged, and deep vein thrombosis
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Person:
- Zou F., Zou B., and Cai J.
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Source:
- 2290f4c2-2ee8-4851-b1a2-99502912a850
164. Violence in fishing, hunting, and gathering societies of the Atacama Desert coast: A long-term perspective (10,000 BP—AD 1450)
- Title Tesim:
- Violence in fishing, hunting, and gathering societies of the Atacama Desert coast: A long-term perspective (10,000 BP—AD 1450)
- Creator:
- Marquet, Pablo A., Monsalve, Susana, Arriaza, Bernardo, Coleman, Drew, Verano, John, Valenzuela, Daniela, Santoro, Calogero M., and Standen, Vivien G.
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- In this study, we examine the long-term trajectory of violence in societies that inhabited the coast of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile using three lines of evidence: bioarchaeology, geoarchaeology and socio-cultural contexts (rock art, weapons, and settlement patterns). These millennia-old populations adopted a way of life, which they maintained for 10,000 years, based on fishing, hunting, and maritime gathering, complementing this with terrestrial resources. We analyzed 288 adult individuals to search for traumas resulting from interpersonal violence and used strontium isotopes 87Sr/86Sr as a proxy to evaluate whether individuals that showed traces of violence were members of local or non-local groups. Moreover, we evaluated settlement patterns, rock art, and weapons. The results show that the violence was invariant during the 10,000 years in which these groups lived without contact with the western world. During the Formative Period (1000 BC-AD 500), however, the type of violence changed, with a substantial increase in lethality. Finally, during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1450), violence and lethality remained similar to that of the Formative Period. The chemical signal of Sr shows a low frequency of individuals who were coastal outsiders, suggesting that violence occurred between local groups. Moreover, the presence of weapons and rock art depicting scenes of combat supports the notion that these groups engaged in violence. By contrast, the settlement pattern shows no defensive features. We consider that the absence of centralized political systems could have been a causal factor in explaining violence, together with the fact that these populations were organized in small-scale grouping. Another factor may have been competition for the same resources in the extreme environments of the Atacama Desert. Finally, from the Formative Period onward, we cannot rule out a certain level of conflict between fishers and their close neighbors, the horticulturalists.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Geological Sciences
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/pf8r-r602
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290690
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 9
- Journal Title:
- PLOS ONE
- Journal Volume:
- 18
- Keyword:
- Bone fracture, Deserts, Aquatic animals, Valleys, Archaeobiology, Adults, Weapons, and Paleoanthropology
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Universidad de Tarapaca, , and Tulane University
- Page Start:
- e0290690
- Person:
- Marquet, Pablo A., Monsalve, Susana, Arriaza, Bernardo, Coleman, Drew, Verano, John, Valenzuela, Daniela, Santoro, Calogero M., and Standen, Vivien G.
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Source:
- 3ffb56e1-5d01-47a8-9ee8-ca22c41b7b53
165. Validating indicators for monitoring availability and geographic distribution of emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmoNC) facilities: A study triangulating health system, facility, and geospatial data
- Title Tesim:
- Validating indicators for monitoring availability and geographic distribution of emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmoNC) facilities: A study triangulating health system, facility, and geospatial data
- Creator:
- Dotse-Gborgbortsi W., Nigri C., Langer A., Odikro M.A., Berrueta M., Bandoh D.A.B., Vázquez P., Pingray V., Adanu R., Williams C.R., Ramesh S., Blossom J., Jolivet R.R., Saggurti N., Khan N., Gausman J., Kenu E., and Chakraborty S.
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- Availability of emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) is a strong supply side measure of essential health system capacity that is closely and causally linked to maternal mortality reduction and fundamentally to achieving universal health coverage. The World Health Organization’s indicator “Availability of EmONC facilities” was prioritized as a core indicator to prevent maternal death. The indicator focuses on whether there are sufficient emergency care facilities to meet the population need, but not all facilities designated as providing EmONC function as such. This study seeks to validate “Availability of EmONC” by comparing the value of the indicator after accounting for key aspects of facility functionality and an alternative measure of geographic distribution. This study takes place in four subnational geographic areas in Argentina, Ghana, and India using a census of all birthing facilities. Performance of EmONC in the 90 days prior to data collection was assessed by examining facility records. Data were collected on facility operating hours, staffing, and availability of essential medications. Population estimates were generated using ArcGIS software using WorldPop to estimate the total population, and the number of women of reproductive age (WRA), pregnancies and births in the study areas. In addition, we estimated the population within two-hours travel time of an EmONC facility by incorporating data on terrain from Open Street Map. Using these data sources, we calculated and compared the value of the indicator after incorporating data on facility performance and functionality while varying the reference population used. Further, we compared its value to the proportion of the population within two-hours travel time of an EmONC facility. Included in our study were 34 birthing facilities in Argentina, 51 in Ghana, and 282 in India. Facility performance of basic EmONC (BEmONC) and comprehensive EmONC (CEmONC) signal functions varied considerably. One facility (4.8%) in Ghana and no facility in India designated as BEmONC had performed all seven BEmONC signal functions. In Argentina, three (8.8%) CEmONC-designated facilities performed all nine CEmONC signal functions, all located in Buenos Aires Region V. Four CEmONC-designated facilities in Ghana (57.1%) and the three CEmONC-designated facilities in India (23.1%) evidenced full CEmONC performance. No sub-national study area in Argentina or India reached the target of 5 BEmONC-level facilities per 20,000 births after incorporating facility functionality yet 100% did in Argentina and 50% did in India when considering only facility designation. Demographic differences also accounted for important variation in the indicator’s value. In Ghana, the total population in Tolon within 2 hours travel time of a designated EmONC facility was estimated at 99.6%; however, only 91.1% of women of reproductive age were within 2 hours travel time. Comparing the value of the indicator when calculated using different definitions reveals important inconsistencies, resulting in conflicting information about whether the threshold for sufficient coverage is met. This raises important questions related to the indicator’s validity. To provide a valid measure of effective coverage of EmONC, the construct for measurement should extend beyond the most narrow definition of availability and account for functionality and geographic accessibility.
- Resource type:
- Article
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/8mjw-nz30
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287904
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 9
- Journal Title:
- PLoS ONE
- Journal Volume:
- 18
- Keyword:
- human experiment, newborn, validity, article, demography, Argentina, travel, software, Comprehensive Health Care, Female, Pregnancy, adult, human, Censuses, Ghana, Humans, emergency health service, data source, health care, geographic distribution, Infant, Newborn, female, Emergency Treatment, Emergency Medical Services, India, pregnancy, emergency treatment, newborn care, and population research
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- University of Southampton, Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Harvard University T.H. Chan, School of Public Health, University of Ghana School of Public Health, Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, , Population Council, New Delhi, and Harvard University, T.H. Chan School of Public Health
- Person:
- Dotse-Gborgbortsi W., Nigri C., Langer A., Odikro M.A., Berrueta M., Bandoh D.A.B., Vázquez P., Pingray V., Adanu R., Williams C.R., Ramesh S., Blossom J., Jolivet R.R., Saggurti N., Khan N., Gausman J., Kenu E., and Chakraborty S.
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Source:
- 90452897-ae78-4030-bbe1-6a5455f26f9e
166. Rush hour-and-a-half: Traffic is spreading out post-lockdown
- Title Tesim:
- Rush hour-and-a-half: Traffic is spreading out post-lockdown
- Creator:
- Zhang S. and Bhagat-Conway M.W.
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- Traffic congestion is ubiquitous in major cities around the world. Congestion is associated with a slew of negative effects, including delays and local air pollution. Because of the negative effects of congestion, governments invest billions of dollars into the highway system to try to reduce congestion and accommodate peak-hour automobile travel demand. The COVID-19 pandemic presented a significant disruption to transportation systems globally. One impact was a drastic reduction in travel, leading to free-flowing traffic conditions in many previously-congested cities. As lockdowns eased, traffic volumes returned to near-normal levels. However, the temporal pattern of demand may differ, due to increased remote work or other factors. In this article, we examine the temporal distribution of highway demand in California, using data from over 3,500 traffic sensors. We find that peak-hour automobile travel is spreading in the post-lockdown period. In addition to decreased traffic congestion, this finding also has implications for infrastructure investment. Roadways are generally sized based on peak-hour demand. As the peaks spread, some highway construction project may prove unnecessary. It may be possible to reallocate road space to other uses with fewer tradeoffs in terms of traffic congestion.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of City and Regional Planning
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/reqv-fs96
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290534
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 9-Sep
- Journal Title:
- PLoS ONE
- Journal Volume:
- 18
- Keyword:
- travel, telecommuting, entropy, highway, Air Pollution, pandemic, air pollution, communicable disease control, car, human, COVID-19, Communicable Disease Control, Pandemics, systematic review, lockdown, city, coronavirus disease 2019, Automobiles, Article, Humans, traffic, and investment
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- University of Colorado and
- Person:
- Zhang S. and Bhagat-Conway M.W.
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Source:
- 5366270b-95b2-447e-8601-1feca856b862
167. Pay-it-forward influenza vaccination among older adults and children: A cost-effectiveness analysis in China
- Title Tesim:
- Pay-it-forward influenza vaccination among older adults and children: A cost-effectiveness analysis in China
- Creator:
- Ong, Jason J., Kosana, Priya, Wu, Dan, Tucker, Joseph D., Terris-Prestholt, Fern, Jit, Mark, and Tang, Fanny Fong-Yi
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- A quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a pay-it-forward strategy for increasing influenza vaccination among children and older adults compared to a self-paid vaccination strategy in China. Pay-it-forward is an innovative community-engaged intervention in which participants receive a free influenza vaccination and are then asked if they would like to donate or create a message to support subsequent vaccinations. This economic evaluation used a decision-tree model to compare pay-it-forward to a standard of care arm in which patients had to pay for their own influenza vaccine. The analysis was performed from the healthcare provider perspective and costs were calculated with 2020 United States dollars. The time horizon was one year. In the base case analysis, pay-it-forward was more effective (111 vs 55 people vaccinated) but more costly than standard-of-care ($4477 vs $2725). Pay-it-forward spurred 96.4% (107/111) of individuals to voluntarily donate to support influenza vaccination for high-risk groups in China. Further costing and implementation research is needed to inform scale up.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Medicine
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/48s8-0c93
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001590
- ISSN:
- 2767-3375
- Journal Issue:
- 8
- Journal Title:
- PLOS Global Public Health
- Journal Volume:
- 3
- Keyword:
- Social welfare, Vaccination and immunization, Finance, Vaccines, Influenza, Research design, Vaccine development, and Communications
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Yale University, , UNAIDS, and University of Hong Kong
- Page Start:
- e0001590
- Person:
- Ong, Jason J., Kosana, Priya, Wu, Dan, Tucker, Joseph D., Terris-Prestholt, Fern, Jit, Mark, and Tang, Fanny Fong-Yi
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Source:
- 880607d7-8d42-4a87-812a-b66c852f4f90
168. Impact of taxes and warning labels on red meat purchases among US consumers: A randomized controlled trial
- Title Tesim:
- Impact of taxes and warning labels on red meat purchases among US consumers: A randomized controlled trial
- Creator:
- Prestemon C.E., Hall M.G., Taillie L.S., Jaacks L.M., Bercholz M., Higgins I.C.A., and Grummon A.H.
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- Background AU Policies: Pleaseconfirmthatallheadinglevelsarerepresentedcorrectly to reduce red meat intake are important for mitigating : climate change and improving public health. We tested the impact of taxes and warning labels on red meat purchases in the United States. The main study question was, will taxes and warning labels reduce red meat purchases? Methods and findings We recruited 3,518 US adults to participate in a shopping task in a naturalistic online grocery store from October 18, 2021 to October 28, 2021. Participants were randomized to one of 4 conditions: control (no tax or warning labels, n = 887), warning labels (health and environmental warning labels appeared next to products containing red meat, n = 891), tax (products containing red meat were subject to a 30% price increase, n = 874), or combined warning labels + tax (n = 866). We used fractional probit and Poisson regression models to assess the co-primary outcomes, percent, and count of red meat purchases, and linear regression to assess the secondary outcomes of nutrients purchased. Most participants identified as women, consumed red meat 2 or more times per week, and reported doing all of their household's grocery shopping. The warning, tax, and combined conditions led to lower percent of red meat-containing items purchased, with 39% (95% confidence interval (CI) [38%, 40%]) of control participants' purchases containing red meat, compared to 36% (95% CI [35%, 37%], p = 0.001) of warning participants, 34% (95% CI [33%, 35%], p < 0.001) of tax participants, and 31% (95% CI [30%, 32%], p < 0.001) of combined participants. A similar pattern was observed for count of red meat items. Compared to the control, the combined condition reduced calories purchased (−312.0 kcals, 95% CI [−590.3 kcals, −33.6 kcals], p = 0.027), while the tax (−10.4 g, 95% CI [−18.2 g, −2.5 g], p = 0.01) and combined (−12.8 g, 95% CI [−20.7 g, −4.9 g], p = 0.001) conditions reduced saturated fat purchases; no condition affected sodium purchases. Warning labels decreased the perceived healthfulness and environmental sustainability of red meat, while taxes increased perceived cost. The main limitations were that the study differed in sociodemographic characteristics from the US population, and only about 30% to 40% of the US population shops for groceries online. Conclusions Warning labels and taxes reduced red meat purchases in a naturalistic online grocery store. Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/NCT04716010.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Carolina Population Center, Department of Health Behavior, and Department of Nutrition
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/gmg8-4t07
- Edition:
- Postprint
- Identifier:
- https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004284
- ISSN:
- 1549-1277
- Journal Issue:
- 9
- Journal Title:
- PLoS Medicine
- Journal Volume:
- 20
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- , University of Edinburgh, and Stanford University School of Medicine
- Person:
- Prestemon C.E., Hall M.G., Taillie L.S., Jaacks L.M., Bercholz M., Higgins I.C.A., and Grummon A.H.
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Source:
- 8030312d-bc48-4678-b530-a48d5e81059b
169. How race, sex and age interact in association with COVID-19 outcomes over time: An analysis of Michigan data
- Title Tesim:
- How race, sex and age interact in association with COVID-19 outcomes over time: An analysis of Michigan data
- Creator:
- Browne A. and Tiako M.J.N.
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- Background COVID-19 has had a disproportionate impact on racial and ethnic minorities compared to White people. Studies have not sufficiently examined how sex and age interact with race/ ethnicity, and potentially shape COVID-19 outcomes. We sought to examine disparities in COVID-19 outcomes by race, sex and age over time, leveraging data from Michigan, the only state whose Department of Health and Human Services (DHSS) publishes cross-sectional race, sex and age data on COVID-19. Methods This is an observational study using publicly available COVID-19 data (weekly cases, deaths, and vaccinations) from August 31 2020 to June 9 2021. Outcomes for descriptive analysis were age-standardized COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates, case-fatality rates by race, sex, and age, and within-gender and within-race incidence rate ratios and mortality rate ratios. We used descriptive statistics and linear regressions with age, race, and sex as independent variables. Results The within-sex Black-White racial gap in COVID-19 incidence and mortality decreased at a similar rate among men and women but the remained wider among men. As of June 2021, compared to White people, incidence was lower among Asian American and Pacific Islander people by 2644 cases per 100,000 people and higher among Black people by 1464 cases per 100,000 people. Mortality was higher among those aged 60 or greater by 743.6 deaths per 100,000 people vs those 0-39. The interaction between race and age was significant between Black race and age 60 or greater, with an additional 708.5 deaths per 100,000 people vs White people aged 60 or greater. Black people had a higher case fatality rate than White people. Conclusion COVID-19 incidence, mortality and vaccination patterns varied over time by race, age and sex. Black-White disparities decreased over time, with a larger effect on Black men, and Older Black people were particularly more vulnerable to COVID-19 in terms of mortality. Considering different individual characteristics such as age may further help elucidate the mechanisms behind racial and gender health disparities.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Sociology
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/c6hz-cb11
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288383
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 8
- Journal Title:
- PLoS ONE
- Journal Volume:
- 18
- Keyword:
- female, sex, vaccination coverage, descriptive research, Cross-Sectional Studies, infant, Black person, health disparity, coronavirus disease 2019, Asian, race, Asian American, case fatality rate, clinical outcome, age, retrospective study, child, cumulative incidence, Humans, cross-sectional study, Pacific Islander, human, Black People, incidence, adolescent, mortality rate, adult, vaccination, United States, Male, Michigan, observational study, newborn, Caucasian, COVID-19, Article, male, and Female
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- and Harvard Medical School
- Person:
- Browne A. and Tiako M.J.N.
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Source:
- acba12a2-253c-462e-b8da-47bd3eb2d94e
170. Household water insecurity experiences and their perceived determinants in a low-income community of Cartagena, Colombia, during a water service expansion project
- Title Tesim:
- Household water insecurity experiences and their perceived determinants in a low-income community of Cartagena, Colombia, during a water service expansion project
- Creator:
- Stoler, Justin, Miller, Joshua D., and Lemaitre, Andrea K.
- Date of publication:
- 2023
- Abstract Tesim:
- Traditional water indicators primarily focus on water quantity and quality, but emergent research demonstrates that measurement of lived experiences with water availability, accessibility, and use is important for understanding how household water insecurity impacts health and well-being. Few empirical studies have explored which household water insecurity experiences are most salient, or their potential causes, in Latin American cities. We analyzed data from 266 households in a low-income settlement of Cartagena, Colombia, to identify correlates and perceived determinants of water insecurity. The most prevalent household water insecurity experiences were water supply interruptions (96%), water worry (94%), and anger about the water situation (90%). Unexpected water interruptions and use of non-piped primary drinking water sources were associated with greater household water insecurity scores, water worry subscores, and hygiene subscores. Respondents perceived water issues in their community to be caused by deficiencies in gray infrastructure (49%), which included deficiencies in water distribution, treatment, or storage technologies. Social infrastructure (36%), including issues with political, economic, or administrative systems, was also cited as a barrier to water security. We did not detect significant relationships between water insecurity scores and the attribution of these problems to gray or social infrastructure, but there may be relationships between these factors and duration of residency and using a non-piped water source. These findings underscore the importance of socio-political factors and community engagement for improving urban water insecurity through slum-upgrade projects.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Nutrition
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/ew1d-bv78
- Edition:
- Publisher
- Identifier:
- https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000154
- ISSN:
- 2767-3219
- Journal Issue:
- 9
- Journal Title:
- PLOS Water
- Journal Volume:
- 2
- Keyword:
- Mental health and psychiatry, Water resources, Sanitation, Hygiene, Vendors, Water quality, Urban infrastructure, and Water management
- Language Label:
- English
- License Label:
- Attribution 4.0 International
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- University of Miami and
- Page Start:
- e0000154
- Person:
- Stoler, Justin, Miller, Joshua D., and Lemaitre, Andrea K.
- Publisher:
- Public Library of Science
- Source:
- 94fa9cd1-30f6-4980-ab86-1d9cd5088333
Collection Details
- Total items
-
2111
- Size
-
unknown
- Date created
-
February 2, 2022