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1831. Efficient Inhibition of HIV Replication in the Gastrointestinal and Female Reproductive Tracts of Humanized BLT Mice by EFdA

Title Tesim:
Efficient Inhibition of HIV Replication in the Gastrointestinal and Female Reproductive Tracts of Humanized BLT Mice by EFdA
Creator:
Ho, Phong T., Kovarova, Martina, Schramm, Nathaniel, Wahl, Angela, Parniak, Michael A., Garcia, J. Victor, and Shanmugasundaram, Uma
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (EFdA) in preclinical development exhibits improved safety and antiviral activity profiles with minimal drug resistance compared to approved NRTIs. However, the systemic antiviral efficacy of EFdA has not been fully evaluated. In this study, we utilized bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) humanized mice to investigate the systemic effect of EFdA treatment on HIV replication and CD4+ T cell depletion in the peripheral blood (PB) and tissues. In particular, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the female reproductive tract (FRT) and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, major sites of transmission, viral replication, and CD4+ T cell depletion and where some current antiretroviral drugs have a sub-optimal effect.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Division of Infectious Diseases
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/1e2k-xf67
Identifier:
Onescience id: 66d000f40ef0e8a32da4d5493c184bf16ad192f5, PMID: 27438728, PMCID: PMC4954669, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159517
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
7
Journal Title:
PloS One
Journal Volume:
11
Keyword:
Disease Models, Animal, HIV Infections, Bone Marrow, Genes, Transgenic, Suicide, Humans, HIV Reverse Transcriptase, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Deoxyadenosines, Animals, Gastrointestinal Tract, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV-1, and Female
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Page Start:
e0159517
Person:
Ho, Phong T., Kovarova, Martina, Schramm, Nathaniel, Wahl, Angela, Parniak, Michael A., Garcia, J. Victor, and Shanmugasundaram, Uma
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
c534ft99f

1832. Effects of Nitrogen Availability and Form on Phytoplankton Growth in a Eutrophied Estuary (Neuse River Estuary, NC, USA)

Title Tesim:
Effects of Nitrogen Availability and Form on Phytoplankton Growth in a Eutrophied Estuary (Neuse River Estuary, NC, USA)
Creator:
Wetza, Michael S., Cira, Emily K., and Paerla, Hans W.
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
Nitrogen availability and form are important controls on estuarine phytoplankton growth. This study experimentally determined the influence of urea and nitrate additions on phytoplankton growth throughout the growing season (March 2012, June 2011, August 2011) in a temperate, eutrophied estuary (Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, USA). Photopigments (chlorophyll a and diagnostic photopigments: peridinin, fucoxanthin, alloxanthin, zeaxanthin, chlorophyll b) and microscopy-based cell counts were used as indicators of phytoplankton growth. In March, the phytoplankton community was dominated by Gyrodinium instriatum and only fucoxanthin-based growth rates were stimulated by nitrogen addition. The limited response to nitrogen suggests other factors may control phytoplankton growth and community composition in early spring. In June, inorganic nitrogen concentrations were low and stimulatory effects of both nitrogen forms were observed for chlorophyll a- and diagnostic photopigment-based growth rates. In contrast, cell counts showed that only cryptophyte and dinoflagellate (Heterocapsa rotundata) growth were stimulated. Responses of other photopigments may have been due to an increase in pigment per cell or growth of plankton too small to be counted with the microscopic methods used. Despite high nitrate concentrations in August, growth rates were elevated in response to urea and/or nitrate addition for all photopigments except peridinin. However, this response was not observed in cell counts, again suggesting that pigment-based growth responses may not always be indicative of a true community and/or taxa-specific growth response. This highlights the need to employ targeted microscopy-based cell enumeration concurrent with pigment-based technology to facilitate a more complete understanding of phytoplankton dynamics in estuarine systems. These results are consistent with previous studies showing the seasonal importance of nitrogen availability in estuaries, and also reflect taxa-specific responses nitrogen availability. Finally, this study demonstrates that under nitrogen-limiting conditions, the phytoplankton community and its various taxa are capable of using both urea and nitrate to support growth.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/zyqr-dq49
Identifier:
Onescience id: ce6bd4367e92dfb73aefc6a410bae675e2e42ef7, PMCID: PMC4978488, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160663, and PMID: 27504970
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
8
Journal Title:
PloS One
Journal Volume:
11
Keyword:
Cell Count, Chlorophyll, Seasons, Urea, Estuaries, Rivers, Growth, Indicators and Reagents, Nitrates, Microscopy, Cells, Nitrogen, and Zeaxanthins
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Life Sciences; Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences; Texas A and M University-Corpus Christi
Page Start:
e0160663
Person:
Wetza, Michael S., Cira, Emily K., and Paerla, Hans W.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
dz010w171

1833. Effect of Obesity on Acute Ozone-Induced Changes in Airway Function, Reactivity, and Inflammation in Adult Females

Title Tesim:
Effect of Obesity on Acute Ozone-Induced Changes in Airway Function, Reactivity, and Inflammation in Adult Females
Creator:
Alexis, Neil E., Bennett, William D., Wu, Jihong, London, Stephanie J., Bromberg, Philip A., Brar, Sukhdev S., Ivins, Sally, and Travlos, Gregory
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
We previously observed greater ozone-induced lung function decrements in obese than non-obese women. Animal models suggest that obesity enhances ozone-induced airway reactivity and inflammation. In a controlled exposure study, we compared the acute effect of randomized 0.4ppm ozone and air exposures (2 h with intermittent light exercise) in obese (N = 20) (30<BMI<40Kg/m2) vs. non-obese (N = 20) (BMI<25Kg/m2) non-smoking 18–35 year old women. We measured spirometry and bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine (3h post-exposure). Inflammation and obesity markers were assessed in the blood (pre, 4h post, and 20h post exposures) and induced-sputum (4h post-exposures and on 24h pre-exposure training day, no exercise): measures of C reactive protein (CRP) (blood only), leptin (blood only), adiponectin, interleukins IL-6, IL-1b, and IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, and sputum cell differential cell counts. The pre- to post-exposure decrease in forced vital capacity after ozone (adjusted for the change after air exposure) was significantly greater in the obese group (12.5+/-7.5 vs. 8.0+/-5.8%, p<0.05). Post ozone exposure, 6 obese and 6 non-obese subjects responded to methacholine at ≤ 10mg/ml (the maximum dose); the degree of hyperresponsiveness was similar for the two groups. Both BMI groups showed similar and significant ozone-induced increases in sputum neutrophils. Plasma IL-6 was increased by exercise (4 hr post air exposure vs. pre) only in the obese but returned to pre-air exposure levels at 20hr post-exposure. Plasma IL-6 was significantly increased at 4hr post ozone exposure in both groups and returned to pre-exposure levels by 20h post-exposure. These results confirm our previous findings of greater post-ozone spirometric decrements in obese young women. However, acute ozone-induced airway reactivity to methacholine and airway inflammation did not differ by obesity at the exposure and exercise levels used.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
School of Medicine
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/c5dy-z318
Identifier:
PMID: 27513854, Onescience id: a210ee7b7b5d3831b23d2fd5caf7a20a75e2bd8e, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160030, and PMCID: PMC4981326
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
8
Journal Title:
PloS One
Journal Volume:
11
Keyword:
ADIPOQ, Neutrophils, Interleukin-6, Ozone, Homo sapiens, Spirometry, Models, Animal, Light, C-Reactive Protein, Exercise, Cells, Vital Capacity, TNF, Air, IL6, IL1B, Obesity, Plasma, CXCL8, Sputum, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, CRP, Blood, Cell Count, Inflammation, LEP, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Lung
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Division of Intramural Research; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; National Institutes of Health; Department of Health and Human Services
Page Start:
e0160030
Person:
Alexis, Neil E., Bennett, William D., Wu, Jihong, London, Stephanie J., Bromberg, Philip A., Brar, Sukhdev S., Ivins, Sally, and Travlos, Gregory
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
d791sn29t

1834. Effect of Broccoli Sprouts and Live Attenuated Influenza Virus on Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Title Tesim:
Effect of Broccoli Sprouts and Live Attenuated Influenza Virus on Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cells: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Creator:
Noah, Terry L., Zhang, Hongtao, Bauer, Rebecca N., Zhou, Haibo, Robinette, Carole, Meyer, Megan, Müller, Loretta, Jones, Shannon, and Jaspers, Ilona
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
Enhancing antiviral host defense responses through nutritional supplementation would be an attractive strategy in the fight against influenza. Using inoculation with live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) as an infection model, we have recently shown that ingestion of sulforaphane-containing broccoli sprout homogenates (BSH) reduces markers of viral load in the nose. To investigate the systemic effects of short-term BSH supplementation in the context of LAIV-inoculation, we examined peripheral blood immune cell populations in non-smoking subjects from this study, with a particular focus on NK cells. We carried out a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study measuring the effects of BSH (N = 13) or placebo (alfalfa sprout homogenate, ASH; N = 16) on peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to a standard nasal vaccine dose of LAIV in healthy volunteers. Blood was drawn prior to (day-1) and post (day2, day21) LAIV inoculation and analyzed for neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, T cells, NKT cells, and NK cells. In addition, NK cells were enriched, stimulated, and assessed for surface markers, intracellular markers, and cytotoxic potential by flow cytometry. Overall, LAIV significantly reduced NKT (day2 and day21) and T cell (day2) populations. LAIV decreased NK cell CD56 and CD158b expression, while significantly increasing CD16 expression and cytotoxic potential (on day2). BSH supplementation further increased LAIV-induced granzyme B production (day2) in NK cells compared to ASH and in the BSH group granzyme B levels appeared to be negatively associated with influenza RNA levels in nasal lavage fluid cells. We conclude that nasal influenza infection may induce complex changes in peripheral blood NK cell activation, and that BSH increases virus-induced peripheral blood NK cell granzyme B production, an effect that may be important for enhanced antiviral defense responses.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/8pty-9d47
Identifier:
PMID: 26820305, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147742, PMCID: PMC4731143, and Onescience id: e659d35a7f2f6c63cccb5202b2f5ae723756af21
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
1
Journal Title:
PloS One
Journal Volume:
11
Keyword:
Granzymes, Blood Cells, Flow Cytometry, Double-Blind Method, Killer Cells, Natural, RNA, Biological Markers, Nose, Natural Killer T-Cells, Placebos, Neutrophils, Cells, T-Lymphocytes, Infection, Nasal Lavage Fluid, Vaccines, Eating, Blood, Monocytes, Macrophages, and Influenza, Human
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology; Stanford University, and University Children's Hospital Basel
Page Start:
e0147742
Person:
Noah, Terry L., Zhang, Hongtao, Bauer, Rebecca N., Zhou, Haibo, Robinette, Carole, Meyer, Megan, Müller, Loretta, Jones, Shannon, and Jaspers, Ilona
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
7w62ff07s

1835. Dual Energy Spectral CT Imaging for Colorectal Cancer Grading: A Preliminary Study

Title Tesim:
Dual Energy Spectral CT Imaging for Colorectal Cancer Grading: A Preliminary Study
Creator:
Gong, Hong-Xia, Zhang, Ke-Bei, Zhu, Jiong, Geng, Xiaochuan, Xu, Jian-Rong, Baigorri, Brian F., Wu, Lian-Ming, and Yin, Yan
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
ObjectivesTo assess the diagnostic value of dual energy spectral CT imaging for colorectal cancer grading using the quantitative iodine density measurements in both arterial phase (AP) and venous phase (VP).Methods81 colorectal cancer patients were divided into two groups based on their pathological findings: a low grade group including well (n = 13) and moderately differentiated cancer (n = 24), and a high grade group including poorly differentiated (n = 42) and signet ring cell cancer (n = 2). Iodine density (ID) in the lesions was derived from the iodine-based material decomposition (MD) image and normalized to that in the psoas muscle to obtain normalized iodine density (NID). The difference in ID and NID between AP and VP was calculated.ResultsThe ID and NID values of the low grade cancer group were, 14.65±3.38mg/mL and 1.70±0.33 in AP, and 21.90±3.11mg/mL and 2.05± 0.32 in VP, respectively. The ID and NID values for the high grade cancer group were 20.63±3.72mg/mL and 2.95±0.72 in AP, and 26.27±3.10mg/mL and 3.51±1.12 in VP, respectively. There was significant difference for ID and NID between the low grade and high grade cancer groups in both AP and VP (all p<0.001). ROC analysis indicated that NID of 1.92 in AP provided 70.3% sensitivity and 97.7% specificity in differentiating low grade cancer from high grade cancer.ConclusionsThe quantitative measurement of iodine density in AP and VP can provide useful information to differentiate low grade colorectal cancer from high grade colorectal cancer with NID in AP providing the greatest diagnostic value.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Radiology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/0p7b-9732
Identifier:
PMID: 26859405, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147756, Onescience id: 127ac9f39375ca60994bafb4ff855a6fe021b828, and PMCID: PMC4747602
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
2
Journal Title:
PloS One
Journal Volume:
11
Keyword:
Male, Female, Humans, Aged, Neoplasm Grading, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Retrospective Studies, Feasibility Studies, Colon, Colorectal Neoplasms, and Middle Aged
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Radiology; Renji Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Page Start:
e0147756
Person:
Gong, Hong-Xia, Zhang, Ke-Bei, Zhu, Jiong, Geng, Xiaochuan, Xu, Jian-Rong, Baigorri, Brian F., Wu, Lian-Ming, and Yin, Yan
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
jd473302f

1836. Disparities in Early Transitions to Obesity in Contemporary Multi-Ethnic U.S. Populations

Title Tesim:
Disparities in Early Transitions to Obesity in Contemporary Multi-Ethnic U.S. Populations
Creator:
Reis, Jared P., Zeng, Donglin, Lin, Dan Yu, Shay, Christina M., Daviglus, Martha L., Hardy, Shakia T., Avery, Christy L., Chakladar, Sujatro, Holliday, Katelyn M., Schreiner, Pamela J., Heiss, Gerardo, and Engeda, Joseph C.
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
Few studies have examined weight transitions in contemporary multi-ethnic populations spanning early childhood through adulthood despite the ability of such research to inform obesity prevention, control, and disparities reduction.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Biostatistics, Department of Nutrition, and Department of Epidemiology
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/spw8-yw14
Identifier:
Onescience id: 96c2ce210fad048a940b7c349461cbf56b12975f, PMCID: PMC4922630, PMID: 27348868, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158025
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
6
Journal Title:
PloS One
Journal Volume:
11
Keyword:
Aged, Obesity, Humans, Child, African Americans, Adult, United States, Mexican Americans, Male, Adolescent, Child, Preschool, Health Status Disparities, Middle Aged, and Female
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Epidemiology Branch; Population and Prevention Sciences Program; Division of Cardiovascular Sciences; National Heart; Lung and Blood Institute, Department of Medicine; Institute for Minority Health Research; University of Illinois at Chicago, and Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; University of Minnesota
Page Start:
e0158025
Person:
Reis, Jared P., Zeng, Donglin, Lin, Dan Yu, Shay, Christina M., Daviglus, Martha L., Hardy, Shakia T., Avery, Christy L., Chakladar, Sujatro, Holliday, Katelyn M., Schreiner, Pamela J., Heiss, Gerardo, and Engeda, Joseph C.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
hq37vt617

1837. Disparities in Depressive Symptoms and Antidepressant Treatment by Gender and Race/Ethnicity among People Living with HIV in the United States

Title Tesim:
Disparities in Depressive Symptoms and Antidepressant Treatment by Gender and Race/Ethnicity among People Living with HIV in the United States
Creator:
Pence, Brian W., Safren, Steven, Mathews, W. Christopher, Mugavero, Michael J., Crane, Heidi M., Christopoulos, Katerina, Moore, Richard, Gaynes, Bradley N., Fredericksen, Rob J., Napravnik, Sonia, Bengtson, Angela M., and Heine, Amy
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
To describe disparities along the depression treatment cascade, from indication for antidepressant treatment to effective treatment, in HIV-infected individuals by gender and race/ethnicity.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Medicine
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/atb0-3481
Identifier:
Onescience id: d81b3653e0125ed03e062948fd052009c7af6b52, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160738, PMID: 27513328, and PMCID: PMC4981370
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
8
Journal Title:
PloS One
Journal Volume:
11
Keyword:
HIV-1, Ethnic Groups, Adult, Healthcare Disparities, Humans, African Americans, European Continental Ancestry Group, Continental Population Groups, Antidepressive Agents, Depressive Disorder, Female, HIV Infections, Male, and Middle Aged
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Psychology; University of Miami, Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of California San Diego, Department of Medicine and UAB Center for AIDS Research; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Washington, HIV/AIDS Division; San Francisco General Hospital; University of California San Francisco, and Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University
Page Start:
e0160738
Person:
Pence, Brian W., Safren, Steven, Mathews, W. Christopher, Mugavero, Michael J., Crane, Heidi M., Christopoulos, Katerina, Moore, Richard, Gaynes, Bradley N., Fredericksen, Rob J., Napravnik, Sonia, Bengtson, Angela M., and Heine, Amy
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
dz010w16r

1838. Diffusion of Immunoglobulin G in Shed Vaginal Epithelial Cells and in Cell-Free Regions of Human Cervicovaginal Mucus

Title Tesim:
Diffusion of Immunoglobulin G in Shed Vaginal Epithelial Cells and in Cell-Free Regions of Human Cervicovaginal Mucus
Creator:
Nunn, Kenetta L., Woods, Karen, Cone, Richard A., Wang, Ying-Ying, Schroeder, Holly A., Anderson, Deborah J., and Lai, Samuel K.
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
Human cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) is a viscoelastic gel containing a complex mixture of mucins, shed epithelial cells, microbes and macromolecules, such as antibodies, that together serve as the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Here, to investigate the affinity between IgG and different mucus constituents, we used Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) to measure the diffusion of IgG in fresh, minimally modified CVM. We found that CVM exhibits substantial spatial variations that necessitate careful selection of the regions in which to perform FRAP. In portions of CVM devoid of cells, FRAP measurements using different IgG antibodies and labeling methods consistently demonstrate that both exogenous and endogenous IgG undergo rapid diffusion, almost as fast as in saline, in good agreement with the rapid diffusion of IgG in mid-cycle endocervical mucus that is largely devoid of cells. This rapid diffusion indicates the interactions between secreted mucins and IgG must be very weak and transient. IgG also accumulated in cellular debris and shed epithelial cells that had become permeable to IgG, which may allow shed epithelial cells to serve as reservoirs of secreted IgG. Interestingly, in contrast to cell-free regions of CVM, the diffusion of cell-associated IgG was markedly slowed, suggesting greater affinity between IgG and cellular constituents. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of the role of IgG in mucosal protection against infectious diseases, and may also provide a framework for using FRAP to study molecular interactions in mucus and other complex biological environments.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/mw0c-r607
Identifier:
Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158338, PMCID: PMC4928780, Onescience id: ce8106986d5aaa218a357b0ee8e0db7a6773592f, and PMID: 27362256
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
6
Journal Title:
PloS One
Journal Volume:
11
Keyword:
Cell-Free System, Immunoglobulin G, Epithelial Cells, Biological Transport, Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching, Vagina, Cervix Mucus, Female, and Humans
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Department of Biophysics; Johns Hopkins University, Departmentof Obstetrics/Gynecology; Microbiology and Medicine; Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering
Page Start:
e0158338
Person:
Nunn, Kenetta L., Woods, Karen, Cone, Richard A., Wang, Ying-Ying, Schroeder, Holly A., Anderson, Deborah J., and Lai, Samuel K.
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
p2677131t

1839. Diagnostic Criteria for Problematic Internet Use among U.S. University Students: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation

Title Tesim:
Diagnostic Criteria for Problematic Internet Use among U.S. University Students: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation
Creator:
Snyder, Susan M., Howard, Matthew O., O'Brien, Jennifer E., and Li, Wen
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
Empirical studies have identified increasing rates of problematic Internet use worldwide and a host of related negative consequences. However, researchers disagree as to whether problematic Internet use is a subtype of behavioral addiction. Thus, there are not yet widely accepted and validated diagnostic criteria for problematic Internet use. To address this gap, we used mixed-methods to examine the extent to which signs and symptoms of problematic Internet use mirror DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder, gambling disorder, and Internet gaming disorder. A total of 27 university students, who self-identified as intensive Internet users and who reported Internet-use-associated health and/or psychosocial problems were recruited. Students completed two measures that assess problematic Internet use (Young’s Diagnostic Questionnaire and the Compulsive Internet Use Scale) and participated in focus groups exploring their experiences with problematic Internet use. Results of standardized measures and focus group discussions indicated substantial overlap between students’ experiences of problematic Internet use and the signs and symptoms reflected in the DSM-5 criteria for substance use disorder, gambling disorder, and Internet gaming disorder. These signs and symptoms included: a) use Internet longer than intended, b) preoccupation with the Internet, c) withdrawal symptoms when unable to access the Internet, d) unsuccessful attempts to stop or reduce Internet use, e) craving, f) loss of interest in hobbies or activities other than the Internet, g) excessive Internet use despite the knowledge of related problems, g) use of the Internet to escape or relieve a negative mood, and h) lying about Internet use. Tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and recurrent Internet use in hazardous situations were uniquely manifested in the context of problematic Internet use. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
School of Social Work
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/7a7q-9m53
Identifier:
PMID: 26751569, PMCID: PMC4709169, Onescience id: cd6f7a516690a676268ae258885b946a49125209, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145981
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
1
Journal Title:
PloS One
Journal Volume:
11
Keyword:
Substance-Related Disorders, Universities, Male, Gambling, Internet, Humans, Focus Groups, Students, Behavior, Addictive, Adolescent, Surveys and Questionnaires, Adult, Female, and United States
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
School of Social Work; Georgia State University
Page Start:
e0145981
Person:
Snyder, Susan M., Howard, Matthew O., O'Brien, Jennifer E., and Li, Wen
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
nz806486v

1840. Depression, Stressful Life Events, and the Impact of Variation in the Serotonin Transporter: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)

Title Tesim:
Depression, Stressful Life Events, and the Impact of Variation in the Serotonin Transporter: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)
Creator:
Wagner, Brandon, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Hewitt, John K., Haberstick, Brett C., Smolen, Andrew, Siegler, Ilene C., Killeya-Jones, Ley A., Brummett, Beverly H., Hopfer, Christian J., Halpern, Carolyn T., Williams, Redford B., Boardman, Jason D., and Tabor, Joyce
Date of publication:
2016
Abstract Tesim:
BackgroundThe low transcriptionally efficient short-allele of the 5HTTLPR serotonin transporter polymorphism has been implicated to moderate the relationship between the experience of stressful life events (SLEs) and depression. Despite numerous attempts at replicating this observation, results remain inconclusive.MethodsWe examined this relationship in young-adult Non-Hispanic white males and females between the ages of 22 and 26 (n = 4724) participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) with follow-up information every six years since 1995.ResultsLinear and logistic regression models, corrected for multiple testing, indicated that carriers of one or more of the S-alleles were more sensitive to stress than those with two L-alleles and at a higher risk for depression. This relationship behaved in a dose-response manner such that the risk for depression was greatest among those who reported experiencing higher numbers of SLEs. In post-hoc analyses we were not able to replicate an interaction effect for suicide ideation but did find suggestive evidence that the effects of SLEs and 5HTTLPR on suicide ideation differed for males and females. There were no effects of childhood maltreatment.DiscussionOur results provide partial support for the original hypothesis that 5-HTTLPR genotype interacts with the experience of stressful life events in the etiology of depression during young adulthood. However, even with this large sample, and a carefully constructed a priori analysis plan, the results were still not definitive. For the purposes of replication, characterizing the 5HTTLPR in other large data sets with extensive environmental and depression measures is needed.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Sociology and Carolina Population Center
Deposit Record:
http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
Type:
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/wev7-2437
Identifier:
PMCID: PMC4777542, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148373, PMID: 26938215, and Onescience id: fc2f5c0ca040201e6ea01b4d9661f805c2b9f7ae
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
3
Journal Title:
PloS One
Journal Volume:
11
Keyword:
Child Abuse, Male, Suicidal Ideation, Sex Factors, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Risk Factors, Logistic Models, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Genetic, United States, Gene Expression, Alleles, SLC6A4 protein, human, Longitudinal Studies, Female, Stress, Psychological, Adolescent, Genotype, Adult, Humans, Depression, Heterozygote, and Life Change Events
Language Label:
English
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Carolina Population Center, Institute for Behavioral Genetics; University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Duke University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry; Health Sciences Center; University of Colorado, Department of Maternal and Child Health, and Institute of Behavioral Science; University of Colorado at Boulder
Page Start:
e0148373
Person:
Wagner, Brandon, Harris, Kathleen Mullan, Hewitt, John K., Haberstick, Brett C., Smolen, Andrew, Siegler, Ilene C., Killeya-Jones, Ley A., Brummett, Beverly H., Hopfer, Christian J., Halpern, Carolyn T., Williams, Redford B., Boardman, Jason D., and Tabor, Joyce
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
xs55mj15r