PLoS Articles
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UNC-authored articles published by the Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Works (2112)
1831. Mind the Gap: Gaps in Antidepressant Treatment, Treatment Adjustments, and Outcomes among Patients in Routine HIV Care in a Multisite U.S. Clinical Cohort
- Title Tesim:
- Mind the Gap: Gaps in Antidepressant Treatment, Treatment Adjustments, and Outcomes among Patients in Routine HIV Care in a Multisite U.S. Clinical Cohort
- Creator:
- Napravnik, Sonia, Gaynes, Bradley N., Moore, Richard, Pence, Brian W., Mimiaga, Matthew J., Cole, Steven R., Cholera, Rushina, O'Clerigh, Conall, Bengtson, Angela M., Crane, Heidi M., Christopoulos, Katerina, Heine, Amy, Mathews, W. Christopher, Safren, Steven, Fredericksen, Rob, and Mugavero, Michael J.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Depression affects 20–30% of HIV-infected patients and is associated with worse HIV outcomes. Although effective depression treatment is available, depression is largely untreated or undertreated in this population.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, and Department of Medicine
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/h593-r328
- Identifier:
- Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166435, Onescience id: 3e8b863d4aab501bb4343b17891eb42b409be35a, PMID: 28125593, and PMCID: PMC5268441
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 1
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Anti-HIV Agents, Female, Remission Induction, Severity of Illness Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Male, Antidepressive Agents, Middle Aged, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Adult, Prospective Studies, HIV Infections, Diagnostic Self Evaluation, Depression, and Drug Administration Schedule
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; Johns Hopkins University, Harvard School of Public Health; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, Fenway Institute; Fenway Health, Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of Washington, HIV/AIDS Division; San Francisco General Hospital; University of California; San Francisco, Department of Medicine; School of Medicine; University of California; San Diego, Department of Psychology; University of Miami, and Department of Medicine; UAB Center for AIDS Research; University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Page Start:
- e0166435
- Person:
- Napravnik, Sonia, Gaynes, Bradley N., Moore, Richard, Pence, Brian W., Mimiaga, Matthew J., Cole, Steven R., Cholera, Rushina, O'Clerigh, Conall, Bengtson, Angela M., Crane, Heidi M., Christopoulos, Katerina, Heine, Amy, Mathews, W. Christopher, Safren, Steven, Fredericksen, Rob, and Mugavero, Michael J.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 4j03d539z
1832. Military service, deployments, and exposures in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival
- Title Tesim:
- Military service, deployments, and exposures in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis survival
- Creator:
- Richardson, David B., Kamel, Freya, Baird, Coleen, Allen, Kelli D., Gammon, Marilie D., Schmidt, Silke, Keller, Jean, Sandler, Dale P., Beard, John D., Stanwyck, Catherine L., Umbach, David M., and Engel, Lawrence S.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Military veterans may have higher rates of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) mortality than non-veterans. Few studies, with sparse exposure information and mixed results, have studied relationships between military-related factors and ALS survival. We evaluated associations between military-related factors and ALS survival among U.S. military veteran cases.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Epidemiology and Thurston Arthritis Research Center
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/q8ky-md22
- Identifier:
- PMID: 29016608, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185751, Onescience id: 7a74235c1fbd626397e987eb3a9ba9c08ad9b818, and PMCID: PMC5634564
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 10
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Medical Records, Male, Armed Conflicts, Agent Orange, Environmental Exposure, Female, 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, History, 20th Century, Adult, Chemical Warfare Agents, History, 21st Century, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Humans, and Aged
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Epidemiology Branch; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Environmental Medicine Program; US Army Public Health Command, Durham VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine; Duke University Medical Center, Westat; Inc., Department of Health Science; College of Life Sciences; Brigham Young University, and Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
- Page Start:
- e0185751
- Person:
- Richardson, David B., Kamel, Freya, Baird, Coleen, Allen, Kelli D., Gammon, Marilie D., Schmidt, Silke, Keller, Jean, Sandler, Dale P., Beard, John D., Stanwyck, Catherine L., Umbach, David M., and Engel, Lawrence S.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 8c97kw81f
1833. Milieu matters: Evidence that ongoing lifestyle activities influence health behaviors
- Title Tesim:
- Milieu matters: Evidence that ongoing lifestyle activities influence health behaviors
- Creator:
- Sheeran, Paschal, Lowe, Rob, and Norman, Paul
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Health behaviors occur within a milieu of lifestyle activities that could conflict with health actions. We examined whether cognitions about, and performance of, other lifestyle activities augment the prediction of health behaviors, and whether these lifestyle factors are especially influential among individuals with low health behavior engagement. Participants (N = 211) completed measures of past behavior and cognitions relating to five health behaviors (e.g., smoking, getting drunk) and 23 lifestyle activities (e.g., reading, socializing), as well as personality variables. All behaviors were measured again at two weeks. Data were analyzed using neural network and cluster analyses. The neural network accurately predicted health behaviors at follow-up (R2 = .71). As hypothesized, lifestyle cognitions and activities independently predicted health behaviors over and above behavior-specific cognitions and previous behavior. Additionally, lifestyle activities and poor self-regulatory capability were more influential among people exhibiting unhealthy behaviors. Considering ongoing lifestyle activities can enhance prediction and understanding of health behaviors and offer new targets for health behavior interventions.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/enfj-6k72
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: 0b333ac8227b3e0f19ee96ca0e32fd9e563a75d0, PMCID: PMC5491030, PMID: 28662120, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179699
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 6
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Physical activity, Personality, Behavior, Eating, Exercise, Behavioral and social aspects of health, Psychometrics, and Neural networks
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Swansea University and University of Sheffield
- Page Start:
- e0179699
- Person:
- Sheeran, Paschal, Lowe, Rob, and Norman, Paul
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- qj72pd50z
1834. Microorganisms in the human placenta are associated with altered CpG methylation of immune and inflammation-related genes
- Title Tesim:
- Microorganisms in the human placenta are associated with altered CpG methylation of immune and inflammation-related genes
- Creator:
- O’Shea, T Michael, Martin, Elizabeth M., Fry, Rebecca C., Smeester, Lisa, Tomlinson, Martha Scott, Onderdonk, Andrew B., Kuban, Karl C. K., Bommarito, Paige A., and Fichorova, Raina N.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Microorganisms in the placenta have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes as well as neonatal illness. Inflammation in the placenta has been identified as a contributing factor in this association, but the underlying biological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The placental epigenome may serve as an intermediate between placental microbes and inflammation, contributing to adverse outcomes in the offspring. In the present study, genome-wide DNA methylation (n = 486,428 CpG sites) of 84 placentas was analyzed in relation to 16 species of placental microorganisms using samples collected from the Extremely Low Gestation Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort. A total of n = 1,789 CpG sites, corresponding to n = 1,079 genes, displayed differential methylation (q<0.1) in relation to microorganisms. The altered genes encode for proteins that are involved in immune/inflammatory responses, specifically the NF-κB signaling pathway. These data support bacteria-dependent epigenetic patterning in the placenta and provide potential insight into mechanisms that associate the presence of microorganisms in the placenta to pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. This study lays the foundation for investigations of the placental microbiome and its role in placental function.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/79ay-0r48
- Identifier:
- PMCID: PMC5730116, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188664, Onescience id: 24ad27fcc52c8a68261c08159243c8d1559208c4, and PMID: 29240761
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 12
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Bacterial pathogens, Epigenetics, Microbiology, Chromatin, Microbial pathogens, Bacteria, Cell biology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biochemistry, Placenta, Embryology, Medicine and health sciences, DNA methylation, Reproductive System, Streptococcus, DNA, Chromosome biology, DNA modification, Genetics, Gene expression, Group B streptococci, Developmental Biology, Pathology and laboratory m, Biology and life sciences, Biology and Life Sciences, Chromatin modification, Nucleic acids, Anatomy, Medical microbiology, and Organisms
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Pathology; Harvard Medical School and Brigham; Women’s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Neurology; Department of Pediatrics; Boston Medical Center, and Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Harvard Medical School and Brigham; Women’s Hospital
- Page Start:
- e0188664
- Person:
- O’Shea, T Michael, Martin, Elizabeth M., Fry, Rebecca C., Smeester, Lisa, Tomlinson, Martha Scott, Onderdonk, Andrew B., Kuban, Karl C. K., Bommarito, Paige A., and Fichorova, Raina N.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- c247dz12j
1835. Loss of receptor activity-modifying protein 2 in mice causes placental dysfunction and alters PTH1R regulation
- Title Tesim:
- Loss of receptor activity-modifying protein 2 in mice causes placental dysfunction and alters PTH1R regulation
- Creator:
- Matson, Brooke C., Lenhart, Patricia M., Caron, Kathleen M., Kadmiel, Mahita, and Espenschied, Scott T.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (Ramp2) is a single-pass transmembrane protein that heterodimerizes with several family B G-protein coupled receptors to alter their function. Ramp2 has been primarily characterized in association with calcitonin receptor-like receptor (Calcrl, CLR), forming the canonical receptor complex for the endocrine peptide adrenomedullin (Adm, AM). However, we previously demonstrated that Ramp2+/- female mice display a constellation of endocrine-related phenotypes that are distinct from those of Adm+/- and Calcrl+/- mice, implying that RAMP2 has physiological functions beyond its canonical complex. Here, we localize Ramp2 expression in the mouse placenta, finding that Ramp2 is robustly expressed in the fetal labyrinth layer, and then characterize the effects of loss of Ramp2 on placental development. Consistent with the expression pattern of Ramp2 in the placenta, Ramp2-/- placentas have a thinner labyrinth layer with significantly fewer trophoblast cells secondary to a reduction in trophoblast proliferation. We also find that absence of Ramp2 leads to failed spiral artery remodeling unaccompanied by changes in the uterine natural killer cell population. Furthermore, we assess changes in gene expression of other RAMP2-associated G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), concluding that Ramp2 loss decreases parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (Pthr1) expression and causes a blunted response to systemic parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration in mice. Ultimately, these studies provide in vivo evidence of a role for RAMP2 in placental development distinct from the RAMP2-CLR/AM signaling paradigm and identify additional pathways underlying the endocrine and fertility defects of the previously characterized Ramp2 heterozygous adult females.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/wd61-bp42
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: 472e370f69c50df99bb1f7fc2d5d594b5c874afb, PMCID: PMC5519170, PMID: 28727763, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181597
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 7
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Pregnancy, Adrenomedullin, Mice, 129 Strain, Gene Expression, Mice, Knockout, Placenta Diseases, Calcitonin Receptor-Like Protein, Haploinsufficiency, Placentation, Cell Proliferation, Animals, Parathyroid Hormone, Female, Models, Animal, and Placenta
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Genetics
- Page Start:
- e0181597
- Person:
- Matson, Brooke C., Lenhart, Patricia M., Caron, Kathleen M., Kadmiel, Mahita, and Espenschied, Scott T.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 0z709253n
1836. Ligand-induced dynamics of heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor-like kinase complexes
- Title Tesim:
- Ligand-induced dynamics of heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptor-like kinase complexes
- Creator:
- Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral and Jones, Alan M.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Arabidopsis, 7-transmembrane Regulator of G signaling protein 1 (AtRGS1) modulates canonical G protein signaling by promoting the inactive state of heterotrimeric G protein complex on the plasma membrane. It is known that plant leucine-rich repeat receptor–like kinases (LRR RLKs) phosphorylate AtRGS1 in vitro but little is known about the in vivo interaction, molecular dynamics, or the cellular consequences of this interaction.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Biology
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/w73y-n604
- Identifier:
- Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171854, Onescience id: 1e412e966b6938e2f9f70a09385d4d790ccd2395, PMCID: PMC5302818, and PMID: 28187200
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 2
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Flagellin, Arabidopsis Proteins, Arabidopsis, Ligands, Protein Kinases, Reactive Oxygen Species, Protein Binding, RGS Proteins, Protein Multimerization, Calcium, and Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology
- Page Start:
- e0171854
- Person:
- Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral and Jones, Alan M.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- hd76s492d
1837. Leucine Rich α-2 Glycoprotein: A Novel Neutrophil Granule Protein and Modulator of Myelopoiesis
- Title Tesim:
- Leucine Rich α-2 Glycoprotein: A Novel Neutrophil Granule Protein and Modulator of Myelopoiesis
- Creator:
- Emerson, Jacob T., Druhan, Lawrence J., Lance, Amanda, Gerber, Jonathan M., Avalos, Belinda R., Price, Andrea E., Li, Shimena, and Baxter, Sarah A.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein (LRG1), a serum protein produced by hepatocytes, has been implicated in angiogenesis and tumor promotion. Our laboratory previously reported the expression of LRG1 in murine myeloid cell lines undergoing neutrophilic granulocyte differentiation. However, the presence of LRG1 in primary human neutrophils and a role for LRG1 in regulation of hematopoiesis have not been previously described. Here we show that LRG1 is packaged into the granule compartment of human neutrophils and secreted upon neutrophil activation to modulate the microenvironment. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and direct biochemical measurements, we demonstrate that LRG1 is present in the peroxidase-negative granules of human neutrophils. Exocytosis assays indicate that LRG1 is differentially glycosylated in neutrophils, and co-released with the secondary granule protein lactoferrin. Like LRG1 purified from human serum, LRG1 secreted from activated neutrophils also binds cytochrome c. We also show that LRG1 antagonizes the inhibitory effects of TGFβ1 on colony growth of human CD34+ cells and myeloid progenitors. Collectively, these data invoke an additional role for neutrophils in innate immunity that has not previously been reported, and suggest a novel mechanism whereby neutrophils may modulate the microenvironment via extracellular release of LRG1.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- School of Medicine
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/zkst-j590
- Identifier:
- PMID: 28081565, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170261, PMCID: PMC5233425, and Onescience id: 8e8f07dbb5e39684dec6307306bfc81d1900ec9e
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 1
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Chemistry, Signal transduction, TGF-beta signaling cascade, Physical Sciences, Signaling cascades, Medicine, Mol, Developmental Biology, White Blood Cells, Molecular Biology Techniques, Animal Cells, Ionophores, Cell biology, Chemical Compounds, Neutrophils, R, Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays, Cell Differentiation, Molecular Biology, Cellular Types, Proteins, Research Article, Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology, Immunologic Techniques, Blood Cells, Bone Marrow Cells, Q, Immunoassays, Research and Analysis Methods, and Immune Cells
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Hematologic Oncology; Levine Cancer Institute; Carolinas HealthCare System
- Page Start:
- e0170261
- Person:
- Emerson, Jacob T., Druhan, Lawrence J., Lance, Amanda, Gerber, Jonathan M., Avalos, Belinda R., Price, Andrea E., Li, Shimena, and Baxter, Sarah A.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- tt44ps62n
1838. LAG-3 potentiates the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in host phagocytes by modulating mitochondrial signaling in an in-vitro granuloma model
- Title Tesim:
- LAG-3 potentiates the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in host phagocytes by modulating mitochondrial signaling in an in-vitro granuloma model
- Creator:
- Foreman, Taylor W., Mehra, Smriti, Niu, Tianhua, Phillips, Bonnie L., Kaushal, Deepak, Gautam, Uma S., Bucsan, Allison N., and Golden, Nadia A.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- CD4+ T-cell mediated Th1 immune responses are critical for immunity to TB. The immunomodulatory protein, lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) decreases Th1-type immune responses in T-cells. LAG-3 expression is significantly induced in the lungs of macaques with active TB and correlates with increased bacterial burden. Overproduction of LAG-3 can greatly diminish responses and could lead to uncontrolled Mtb replication. To assess the effect of LAG-3 on the progression of Mtb infection, we developed a co-culture system wherein blood-derived macrophages are infected with Mtb and supplemented with macaque blood or lung derived CD4+ T-cells. Silencing LAG-3 signaling in macaque lung CD4+ T-cells enhanced killing of Mtb in co-cultures, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial electron transport and increased IFN-γ expression. Thus, LAG-3 may modulate adaptive immunity to Mtb infection by interfering with the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Better understanding this pathway could allow us to circumvent immune features that promote disease.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/9wx2-sf94
- Identifier:
- PMID: 28880895, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180413, Onescience id: e6fbb91c5fb817f8ab10836c9ef5fb75f673c4c9, and PMCID: PMC5589099
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 9
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Mitochondria, Adaptive Immunity, Coculture Techniques, Microscopy, Confocal, Granuloma, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Flow Cytometry, Cells, Cultured, Macaca mulatta, Antigens, CD, Animals, Cell Differentiation, and CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics; Tulane University School of Public Health
- Page Start:
- e0180413
- Person:
- Foreman, Taylor W., Mehra, Smriti, Niu, Tianhua, Phillips, Bonnie L., Kaushal, Deepak, Gautam, Uma S., Bucsan, Allison N., and Golden, Nadia A.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- dv140022t
1839. It’s positive to be negative: Achilles tendon work loops during human locomotion
- Title Tesim:
- It’s positive to be negative: Achilles tendon work loops during human locomotion
- Creator:
- Franz, Jason R. and Zelik, Karl E.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Ultrasound imaging is increasingly used with motion and force data to quantify tendon dynamics during human movement. Frequently, tendon dynamics are estimated indirectly from muscle fascicle kinematics (by subtracting muscle from muscle-tendon unit length), but there is mounting evidence that this Indirect approach yields implausible tendon work loops. Since tendons are passive viscoelastic structures, when they undergo a loading-unloading cycle they must exhibit a negative work loop (i.e., perform net negative work). However, prior studies using this Indirect approach report large positive work loops, often estimating that tendons return 2–5 J of elastic energy for every 1 J of energy stored. More direct ultrasound estimates of tendon kinematics have emerged that quantify tendon elongations by tracking either the muscle-tendon junction or localized tendon tissue. However, it is unclear if these yield more plausible estimates of tendon dynamics. Our objective was to compute tendon work loops and hysteresis losses using these two Direct tendon kinematics estimates during human walking. We found that Direct estimates generally resulted in negative work loops, with average tendon hysteresis losses of 2–11% at 1.25 m/s and 33–49% at 0.75 m/s (N = 8), alluding to 0.51–0.98 J of tendon energy returned for every 1 J stored. We interpret this finding to suggest that Direct approaches provide more plausible estimates than the Indirect approach, and may be preferable for understanding tendon energy storage and return. However, the Direct approaches did exhibit speed-dependent trends that are not consistent with isolated, in vitro tendon hysteresis losses of about 5–10%. These trends suggest that Direct estimates also contain some level of error, albeit much smaller than Indirect estimates. Overall, this study serves to highlight the complexity and difficulty of estimating tendon dynamics non-invasively, and the care that must be taken to interpret biological function from current ultrasound-based estimates.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/h3kv-vr51
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: c851b6ce519a66ee4b20d6eb355864bf74aaa8a7, PMCID: PMC5495204, PMID: 28671955, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179976
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 7
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Musculoskeletal system, Ultrasound imaging, Ankles, Tendons, Gait analysis, Muscle tissue, Kinematics, and Walking
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Vanderbilt University, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Vanderbilt University
- Page Start:
- e0179976
- Person:
- Franz, Jason R. and Zelik, Karl E.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- wh246z596
1840. Is there a relationship between geographic distance and uptake of HIV testing services? A representative population-based study of Chinese adults in Guangzhou, China
- Title Tesim:
- Is there a relationship between geographic distance and uptake of HIV testing services? A representative population-based study of Chinese adults in Guangzhou, China
- Creator:
- Zhou, Fangjing, Latkin, Carl, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Hall, Brian J., Chen, Wen, Ling, Li, and Tucker, Joseph D.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Achieving high coverage of HIV testing services is critical in many health systems, especially where HIV testing services remain centralized and inconvenient for many. As a result, planning the optimal spatial distribution of HIV testing sites is increasingly important. We aimed to assess the relationship between geographic distance and uptake of HIV testing services among the general population in Guangzhou, China. Utilizing spatial epidemiological methods and stratified household random sampling, we studied 666 adults aged 18–59. Computer-assisted interviews assessed self-reported HIV testing history. Spatial scan statistic assessed the clustering of participants who have ever been tested for HIV, and two-level logistic regression models assessed the association between uptake of HIV testing and the mean driving distance from the participant’s residence to all HIV testing sites in the research sites. The percentage of participants who have ever been tested for HIV was 25.2% (168/666, 95%CI: 21.9%, 28.5%), and the majority (82.7%) of participants tested for HIV in Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, public hospitals or STIs clinics. None reported using self-testing. Spatial clustering analyses found a hotspot included 48 participants who have ever been tested for HIV and 25.8 expected cases (Rate Ratio = 1.86, P = 0.002). Adjusted two-level logistic regression found an inverse relationship between geographic distance (kilometers) and ever being tested for HIV (aOR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.84, 0.96). Married or cohabiting participants (aOR = 2.14, 95%CI: 1.09, 4.20) and those with greater social support (aOR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.07) were more likely to be tested for HIV. Our findings underscore the importance of considering the geographical distribution of HIV testing sites to increase testing. In addition, expanding HIV testing coverage by introducing non-facility based HIV testing services and self-testing might be useful to achieve the goal that 90% of people living with HIV knowing their HIV status by the year 2020.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/sd3s-rk70
- Identifier:
- Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180801, Onescience id: f2bbd9ada41a1977e5b282f933d872ea81f41160, PMID: 28727786, and PMCID: PMC5519047
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 7
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Asia, People and Places, Q, Preventive medicine, Lentivirus, Viral Pathogens, Pathogens, Geographical Locations, Microbial Pathogens, HIV epidemiology, Microbiology, Alcohol Consumption, Biology and Life Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Spatial Epidemiology, HIV prevention, Viruses, Immunodeficiency Viruses, Earth Sciences, Health Services Research, Geography, Health Care, Nutrition, RNA virus, Public and occupational health, Retroviruses, R, Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Diet, Research Article, Epidemiology, and HIV
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Prevention and Treatment; Center for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province, Center for Migrant Health Policy; Sun Yat-sen University, Department of Health Behavior and Society; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, School of Social Science and Psychology; Western Sydney University, Global and Community Mental Health Research Group; Faculty of Social Sciences; Department of Psychology; University of Macau, Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology; School of Public Health; Sun Yat-sen University, and UNC-Project China
- Page Start:
- e0180801
- Person:
- Zhou, Fangjing, Latkin, Carl, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Hall, Brian J., Chen, Wen, Ling, Li, and Tucker, Joseph D.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 6t053n132
Collection Details
- Total items
-
2112
- Size
-
unknown
- Date created
-
February 2, 2022