PLoS Articles
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UNC-authored articles published by the Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Works (2112)
1881. Can a simulation-based training program impact the use of evidence based routine practices at birth? Results of a hospital-based cluster randomized trial in Mexico
- Title Tesim:
- Can a simulation-based training program impact the use of evidence based routine practices at birth? Results of a hospital-based cluster randomized trial in Mexico
- Creator:
- Angeles, Gustavo, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Cohen, Susanna, Walker, Dilys M., and Fritz, Jimena
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- In Mexico, although the majority of births are attended in hospitals, reports have emerged of obstetric violence, use of unsafe practices, and failure to employ evidence-based practices (EBP). Recent attention has refocused global efforts towards provision of quality care that is both patient-centered and evidence-based. Scaling up of local interventions should rely on strong evidence of effectiveness.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Maternal and Child Health
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/jrb3-5n18
- Identifier:
- PMID: 28319122, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172623, Onescience id: 9a07a23a46c134c89b68b7b7e3f935a8b5706993, and PMCID: PMC5358738
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 3
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Mexico, Hospitals, Autonomic Fibers, Preganglionic, Delivery, Obstetric, Evidence-Based Practice, Quality Improvement, Patient Care Team, Humans, Intensive Care, Neonatal, Emergency Medical Services, and Health Personnel
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Division of Reproductive Health; Research Center for Population Health; National Institute of Public Health (INSP), College of Nursing; University of Utah, and Department of Obstetrics; Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; Bixby Center for Global Reproductive Health; University of California in San Francisco (UCSF)
- Page Start:
- e0172623
- Person:
- Angeles, Gustavo, Lamadrid-Figueroa, Hector, Cohen, Susanna, Walker, Dilys M., and Fritz, Jimena
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- p8418t357
1882. BRL3 and AtRGS1 cooperate to fine tune growth inhibition and ROS activation
- Title Tesim:
- BRL3 and AtRGS1 cooperate to fine tune growth inhibition and ROS activation
- Creator:
- Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral and Jones, Alan M.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Plasma membrane-localized leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases directly activates G protein complex via interaction with seven transmembrane domain Regulator of G-protein Signaling 1 (AtRGS1) protein. Brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1) LIKE3 (BRL3) phosphorylates AtRGS1 in vitro. FRET analysis showed that BRL3 and AtRGS1 interaction dynamics change in response to glucose and flg22. Both BRL3 and AtRGS1 function in glucose sensing and brl3 and rgs1-2 single mutants are hyposensitive to high glucose as well as the brl3/rgs1 double mutant. BRL3 and AtRGS1 function in the same pathway linked to high glucose sensing. Hypocotyl elongation, another sugar-mediated pathway, is also implicated to be partially mediated by BRL3 and AtRGS1 because rgs1-2, brl3-2 and brl3-2/ rgs1-2 mutants share the long hypocotyl phenotype. BRL3 and AtRGS1 modulate the flg22-induced ROS burst and block one or more components positively regulating ROS production because the brl3/rgs1 double mutant has ~60% more ROS production than wild type while rgs1-2 has a partial ROS burst impairment and brl3 has slightly more ROS production. Here, we proposed a simple model where both BRL3 and AtRGS1 are part of a fine-tuning mechanism sensing glucose and flg22 to prevent excess ROS burst and control growth inhibition.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Biology
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/xfjh-xv11
- Identifier:
- PMCID: PMC5436702, Onescience id: 32934dc6a60587290880e52475f8062870490e59, PMID: 28545052, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177400
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 5
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- RGS Proteins, BRL3 protein, Arabidopsis, Mutation, Arabidopsis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Receptors, Cell Surface, Peptides, Glucose, and Arabidopsis Proteins
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Pharmacology
- Page Start:
- e0177400
- Person:
- Tunc-Ozdemir, Meral and Jones, Alan M.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- hd76s490v
1883. BIRC6 mediates imatinib resistance independently of Mcl-1
- Title Tesim:
- BIRC6 mediates imatinib resistance independently of Mcl-1
- Creator:
- Graves, Lee M., Zhang, Raymond, Zhang, Yanping, Herring, Laura E., Gilbert, Thomas S. K., East, Michael P., Okumu, Denis O., Levine, Merlin, and Litchfield, David W.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Baculoviral IAP repeat containing 6 (BIRC6) is a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), a family of functionally and structurally related proteins that inhibit apoptosis. BIRC6 has been implicated in drug resistance in several different human cancers, however mechanisms regulating BIRC6 have not been extensively explored. Our phosphoproteomic analysis of an imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell line (MYL-R) identified increased amounts of a BIRC6 peptide phosphorylated at S480, S482, and S486 compared to imatinib-sensitive CML cells (MYL). Thus we investigated the role of BIRC6 in mediating imatinib resistance and compared it to the well-characterized anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl-1. Both BIRC6 and Mcl-1 were elevated in MYL-R compared to MYL cells. Lentiviral shRNA knockdown of BIRC6 in MYL-R cells increased imatinib-stimulated caspase activation and resulted in a ~20-25-fold increase in imatinib sensitivity, without affecting Mcl-1. Treating MYL-R cells with CDK9 inhibitors decreased BIRC6 mRNA, but not BIRC6 protein levels. By contrast, while CDK9 inhibitors reduced Mcl-1 mRNA and protein, they did not affect imatinib sensitivity. Since the Src family kinase Lyn is highly expressed and active in MYL-R cells, we tested the effects of Lyn inhibition on BIRC6 and Mcl-1. RNAi-mediated knockdown or inhibition of Lyn (dasatinib/ponatinib) reduced BIRC6 protein stability and increased caspase activation. Inhibition of Lyn also increased formation of an N-terminal BIRC6 fragment in parallel with reduced amount of the BIRC6 phosphopeptide, suggesting that Lyn may regulate BIRC6 phosphorylation and stability. In summary, our data show that BIRC6 stability is dependent on Lyn, and that BIRC6 mediates imatinib sensitivity independently of Mcl-1 or CDK9. Hence, BIRC6 may be a novel target for the treatment of drug-resistant CML where Mcl-1 or CDK9 inhibitors have failed.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Chemistry
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/qjbq-b671
- Identifier:
- PMCID: PMC5433768, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177871, Onescience id: 968099adf57541bed16f1d73508b6e555ecdd608, and PMID: 28520795
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 5
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Humans, Imatinib Mesylate, Cell Line, Tumor, src-Family Kinases, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 9, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins, BIRC6 protein, human, Antineoplastic Agents, Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein, and Apoptosis
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Radiation Oncology, and Department of Biochemistry; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry; Western University
- Page Start:
- e0177871
- Person:
- Graves, Lee M., Zhang, Raymond, Zhang, Yanping, Herring, Laura E., Gilbert, Thomas S. K., East, Michael P., Okumu, Denis O., Levine, Merlin, and Litchfield, David W.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 76537668p
1884. Awareness and trust of the FDA and CDC: Results from a national sample of US adults and adolescents
- Title Tesim:
- Awareness and trust of the FDA and CDC: Results from a national sample of US adults and adolescents
- Creator:
- Hannan, Anika, Schmidt, Allison M., Kowitt, Sarah D., and Goldstein, Adam O.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Trust in government agencies plays a key role in advancing these organizations' agendas, influencing behaviors, and effectively implementing policies. However, few studies have examined the extent to which individuals are aware of and trust the leading United States agencies devoted to protecting the public’s health. Using two national samples of adolescents (N = 1,125) and adults (N = 5,014), we examined demographic factors, with a focus on vulnerable groups, as correlates of awareness of and trust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the federal government. From nine different weighted and adjusted logistic regression models, we found high levels of awareness of the existence of the FDA and CDC (ranging from 55.7% for adolescents’ awareness of the CDC to 94.3% for adults’ awareness of the FDA) and moderate levels of trust (ranging from a low of 41.8% for adults’ trust in the federal government and a high of 78.8% for adolescents’ trust of the FDA). In the adolescent and adult samples, awareness was higher among non-Hispanic Blacks and respondents with low numeracy. With respect to trust, few consistent demographic differences emerged. Our findings provide novel insights regarding awareness and trust in the federal government and specific United States public health agencies. Our findings suggest groups to whom these agencies may want to selectively communicate to enhance trust and thus facilitate their communication and regulatory agendas.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Department of Health Behavior
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/1s15-et95
- Identifier:
- Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177546, PMID: 28520750, Onescience id: 3ce48a298528caa000ba63b8c3ccb6bc18c27eeb, and PMCID: PMC5433718
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 5
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Male, Federal Government, Adolescent, United States, Young Adult, United States Food and Drug Administration, Trust, Middle Aged, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Female, Adult, Awareness, and Public Opinion
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Family Medicine
- Page Start:
- e0177546
- Person:
- Hannan, Anika, Schmidt, Allison M., Kowitt, Sarah D., and Goldstein, Adam O.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- jd4733040
1885. Association of HIV diversity and virologic outcomes in early antiretroviral treatment: HPTN 052
- Title Tesim:
- Association of HIV diversity and virologic outcomes in early antiretroviral treatment: HPTN 052
- Creator:
- Eshleman, Susan H., Kumwenda, Newton, McCauley, Marybeth, Gamble, Theresa, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Godbole, Sheela V., Makhema, Joseph, Palumbo, Philip J., Hosseinipour, Mina C., Melo, Marineide G., Hakim, James G., Pilotto, Jose H., Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Chariyalertsak, Suwat, Chen, Ying Q., Cohen, Myron S., Panchia, Ravindre, Wilson, Ethan A., Fogel, Jessica M., and Piwowar-Manning, Estelle
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Higher HIV diversity has been associated with virologic outcomes in children on antiretroviral treatment (ART). We examined the association of HIV diversity with virologic outcomes in adults from the HPTN 052 trial who initiated ART at CD4 cell counts of 350–550 cells/mm3. A high resolution melting (HRM) assay was used to analyze baseline (pre-treatment) HIV diversity in six regions in the HIV genome (two in gag, one in pol, and three in env) from 95 participants who failed ART. We analyzed the association of HIV diversity in each genomic region with baseline (pre-treatment) factors and three clinical outcomes: time to virologic suppression after ART initiation, time to ART failure, and emergence of HIV drug resistance at ART failure. After correcting for multiple comparisons, we did not find any association of baseline HIV diversity with demographic, laboratory, or clinical characteristics. For the 18 analyses performed for clinical outcomes evaluated, there was only one significant association: higher baseline HIV diversity in one of the three HIV env regions was associated with longer time to ART failure (p = 0.008). The HRM diversity assay may be useful in future studies exploring the relationship between HIV diversity and clinical outcomes in individuals with HIV infection.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medicine
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/5s2y-pb56
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: f2b24122d653bcca54103f9da48897b86ca85289, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177281, PMCID: PMC5421787, and PMID: 28481902
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 5
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Child, HIV, Viral Load, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Anti-HIV Agents, Treatment Outcome, Male, Cohort Studies, HIV Infections, Humans, and Female
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Dept. of Pathology; Johns Hopkins Univ.; School of Medicine, College of Medicine-Johns Hopkins Project, Science Facilitation Department; FHI 360, CART CRS; YRGCARE Medical Centre; VHS, National AIDS Research Institute; ICMR, Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, UNC Project-Malawi; Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicaõ; Servico de Infectologia, Dept. of Medicine; Univ. of Zimbabwe, Hospital Geral de Nova Iguacu; Laboratorio de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular-IOC/Fiocruz, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas-INI-Fiocruz, Research Institute for Health Sciences; Chiang Mai University, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and Univ. of the Witwatersrand; Perinatal HIV Research Unit; Soweto HPTN CRS
- Page Start:
- e0177281
- Person:
- Eshleman, Susan H., Kumwenda, Newton, McCauley, Marybeth, Gamble, Theresa, Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran, Godbole, Sheela V., Makhema, Joseph, Palumbo, Philip J., Hosseinipour, Mina C., Melo, Marineide G., Hakim, James G., Pilotto, Jose H., Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Chariyalertsak, Suwat, Chen, Ying Q., Cohen, Myron S., Panchia, Ravindre, Wilson, Ethan A., Fogel, Jessica M., and Piwowar-Manning, Estelle
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- q237hz08q
1886. Assessing infection control practices to protect health care workers and patients in Malawi from nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Title Tesim:
- Assessing infection control practices to protect health care workers and patients in Malawi from nosocomial transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Creator:
- Munthali, Adamson, Kazembe, Peter N., Kim, Maria H., Simon, Katherine, Mlauzi, Lameck, Flick, Robert J., Ahmed, Saeed, and Hosseinipour, Mina
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) in health settings threatens health care workers and people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Nosocomial transmission is reduced with implementation of infection control (IC) guidelines. The objective of this study is to describe implementation of TB IC measures in Malawi. We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing anonymous health worker questionnaires, semi-structured interviews with facility managers, and direct observations at 17 facilities in central Malawi. Of 592 health care workers surveyed, 34% reported that all patients entering the facility were screened for cough and only 8% correctly named the four most common signs and symptoms of TB in adults. Of 33 managers interviewed, 7 (21%) and 1 (3%) provided the correct TB screening questions for use in adults and children, respectively. Of 592 health workers, only 2.4% had been screened for TB in the previous year. Most (90%) reported knowing their HIV status, 53% were tested at their facility of employment, and half reported they would feel comfortable receiving ART or TB treatment at their facility of employment. We conclude that screening is infrequently conducted and knowledge gaps may undercut its effectiveness. Further, health care workers do not routinely access TB and HIV diagnostic and treatment services at their facility of employment.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- UNC Project-Malawi
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/vqe5-bd55
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: f1aada3da18ef485a837d4f870c229cc193e837e, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189140, PMCID: PMC5718482, and PMID: 29211793
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 12
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Health screening, Tuberculosis, HIV, Coughing, Malawi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Patients, and Antiretroviral therapy
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi, Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative at Texas Children’s Hospital; Baylor College of Medicine, Malawi Ministry of Health National Tuberculosis Control Programme, University of Colorado School of Medicine, and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Page Start:
- e0189140
- Person:
- Munthali, Adamson, Kazembe, Peter N., Kim, Maria H., Simon, Katherine, Mlauzi, Lameck, Flick, Robert J., Ahmed, Saeed, and Hosseinipour, Mina
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- xk81jr524
1887. Area-level poverty, race/ethnicity & dialysis star ratings
- Title Tesim:
- Area-level poverty, race/ethnicity & dialysis star ratings
- Creator:
- Flythe, Jennifer E., Chin, Andrew I., Manickam, Raj N., Mu, Yi, Bang, Heejung, and Kshirsagar, Abhijit V.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recently released a five star rating system as part of ‘Dialysis Facility Compare’ to help patients identify and choose high performing clinics in the US. Eight dialysis-related measures determine ratings. Little is known about the association between surrounding community sociodemographic characteristics and star ratings. Using data from the U.S. Census and over 6000 dialysis clinics across the country, we examined the association between dialysis clinic star ratings and characteristics of the local population: 1) proportion of population below the federal poverty level (FPL); 2) proportion of black individuals; and 3) proportion of Hispanic individuals, by correlation and regression analyses. Secondary analyses with Quality Incentive Program (QIP) scores and population characteristics were also performed. We observed a negligible correlation between star ratings and the proportion of local individuals below FPL; Spearman coefficient, R = -0.09 (p<0.0001), and a stronger correlation between star ratings and the proportion of black individuals; R = -0.21 (p<0.0001). Ordered logistic regression analyses yielded adjusted odds ratio of 0.91 (95% confidence interval [0.80–1.30], p = 0.12) and 0.55 ([0.48–0.63], p<0.0001) for high vs. low level of proportion below FPL and proportion of black individuals, respectively. In contrast, a near-zero correlation was observed between star ratings and the proportion of Hispanic individuals. Correlations varied substantially by country region, clinic profit status and clinic size. Analyses using clinic QIP scores provided similar results. Sociodemographic characteristics of the surrounding community, factors typically outside of providers’ direct control, have varying levels of association with clinic dialysis star ratings.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- School of Medicine
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/rsq4-pf72
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: 921d118300602bfa4e72b61c4149c8a47d07476b, PMID: 29040342, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186651, and PMCID: PMC5645143
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 10
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Medicaid, Medicare, Hispanic Americans, Poverty Areas, Odds Ratio, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Humans, Renal Dialysis, Logistic Models, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (U.S.), Quality Indicators, Health Care, United States, and African Americans
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Division of Nephrology; University of California; Davis School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology; Sacramento VA Medical Center; VA Northern California Health Care Systems; Mather Field, Graduate Group in Epidemiology; University of California; Davis, Center for Healthcare Policy and Research; School of Medicine; University of California; Sacramento, and Division of Biostatistics; Department of Public Health Sciences; University of California; Davis
- Page Start:
- e0186651
- Person:
- Flythe, Jennifer E., Chin, Andrew I., Manickam, Raj N., Mu, Yi, Bang, Heejung, and Kshirsagar, Abhijit V.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- wp988r342
1888. Approaches to detect genetic effects that differ between two strata in genome-wide meta-analyses: Recommendations based on a systematic evaluation
- Title Tesim:
- Approaches to detect genetic effects that differ between two strata in genome-wide meta-analyses: Recommendations based on a systematic evaluation
- Creator:
- Kutalik, Zoltán, Justice, Anne E., Winkler, Thomas W., Heid, Iris M., Kronenberg, Florian, and Cupples, L. Adrienne
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- Genome-wide association meta-analyses (GWAMAs) conducted separately by two strata have identified differences in genetic effects between strata, such as sex-differences for body fat distribution. However, there are several approaches to identify such differences and an uncertainty which approach to use. Assuming the availability of stratified GWAMA results, we compare various approaches to identify between-strata differences in genetic effects. We evaluate type I error and power via simulations and analytical comparisons for different scenarios of strata designs and for different types of between-strata differences. For strata of equal size, we find that the genome-wide test for difference without any filtering is the best approach to detect stratum-specific genetic effects with opposite directions, while filtering for overall association followed by the difference test is best to identify effects that are predominant in one stratum. When there is no a priori hypothesis on the type of difference, a combination of both approaches can be recommended. Some approaches violate type I error control when conducted in the same data set. For strata of unequal size, the best approach depends on whether the genetic effect is predominant in the larger or in the smaller stratum. Based on real data from GIANT (>175 000 individuals), we exemplify the impact of the approaches on the detection of sex-differences for body fat distribution (identifying up to 10 loci). Our recommendations provide tangible guidelines for future GWAMAs that aim at identifying between-strata differences. A better understanding of such effects will help pinpoint the underlying mechanisms.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Epidemiology
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/2kag-p357
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: 0ec4caa66fd318fbcb3e47329fb9718bda7c6eae, PMCID: PMC5531538, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181038, and PMID: 28749953
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 7
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Genetic loci, Sexual dimorphism, Meta-analysis, Genome-wide association studies, Consortia, Test statistics, Phenotypes, and Analysts
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine; CHUV-UNIL, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Genetic Epidemiology; University of Regensburg, Division of Genetic Epidemiology; Department of Medical Genetics; Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Innsbruck, NHLBI Framingham Heart Study, and Department of Biostatistics; Boston University School of Public Health
- Page Start:
- e0181038
- Person:
- Kutalik, Zoltán, Justice, Anne E., Winkler, Thomas W., Heid, Iris M., Kronenberg, Florian, and Cupples, L. Adrienne
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- 1g05fh69z
1889. Anthropological contributions to historical ecology: 50 questions, infinite prospects
- Title Tesim:
- Anthropological contributions to historical ecology: 50 questions, infinite prospects
- Creator:
- Petek, Nik, Anderson, Eugene N., Sinclair, Paul, Vamosi, Jana C., Ekblom, Anneli, Ibragimow, Aleksandra, Crumley, Carole L., LeCompte, Joyce K., Armstrong, Chelsey Geralda, Nabess, Carly, Walshaw, Sarah, Marks-Block, Tony, McKechnie, Iain, Shoemaker, Anna C., Podruczny, Grzegorz, Szabó, Péter, Lane, Paul J., McAlvay, Alex C., Morales, Erendira Quintana, Boles, Oliver J., Awâsis, Sakihitowin, and Gibbons, Kevin S.
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- This paper presents the results of a consensus-driven process identifying 50 priority research questions for historical ecology obtained through crowdsourcing, literature reviews, and in-person workshopping. A deliberative approach was designed to maximize discussion and debate with defined outcomes. Two in-person workshops (in Sweden and Canada) over the course of two years and online discussions were peer facilitated to define specific key questions for historical ecology from anthropological and archaeological perspectives. The aim of this research is to showcase the variety of questions that reflect the broad scope for historical-ecological research trajectories across scientific disciplines. Historical ecology encompasses research concerned with decadal, centennial, and millennial human-environmental interactions, and the consequences that those relationships have in the formation of contemporary landscapes. Six interrelated themes arose from our consensus-building workshop model: (1) climate and environmental change and variability; (2) multi-scalar, multi-disciplinary; (3) biodiversity and community ecology; (4) resource and environmental management and governance; (5) methods and applications; and (6) communication and policy. The 50 questions represented by these themes highlight meaningful trends in historical ecology that distill the field down to three explicit findings. First, historical ecology is fundamentally an applied research program. Second, this program seeks to understand long-term human-environment interactions with a focus on avoiding, mitigating, and reversing adverse ecological effects. Third, historical ecology is part of convergent trends toward transdisciplinary research science, which erodes scientific boundaries between the cultural and natural.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Anthropology
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/ty0b-na57
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: c0feaf0906f12008a7194013d75e5ed140400914, Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171883, PMID: 28235093, and PMCID: PMC5325225
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 2
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Biodiversity, Environmental change, Canada, Cultural, Consensus development, Crowdsourcing, Anthropology, Article, Ecosystem, 20th Century, 21st Century, Climate, History, Community ecology, Applied research, Ecology, Cultural anthropology, Case report, and Environmental management
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History; Uppsala University, Department of Anthropology; University California Santa Barbara, Department of Biological Sciences; University of Calgary, Polish-German Research Institute; Adams Mickiewicz University in Poznań; European University, Integrated History of Future of People on Earth (IHOPE) Initiative, Independent Scholar, Department of Archaeology; Simon Fraser University, Department of Anthropology; University of Northern British Columbia, Department of History; Simon Fraser University, Department of Anthropology; Stanford University, Hakai Institute, Department of Anthropology; University of Victoria, Department of Vegetation Ecology; Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, School of Geography; Archaeology and Environmental Studies; University of the Witwatersrand, Department of Botany; University of Wisconsin - Madison, Department of Anthropology; Rice University, Institute of Archaeology; University College London, Department of Geography; Western University, Atlohsa Native Family Healing Services; Canada, and Department of Anthropology; University of Maryland
- Page Start:
- e0171883
- Person:
- Petek, Nik, Anderson, Eugene N., Sinclair, Paul, Vamosi, Jana C., Ekblom, Anneli, Ibragimow, Aleksandra, Crumley, Carole L., LeCompte, Joyce K., Armstrong, Chelsey Geralda, Nabess, Carly, Walshaw, Sarah, Marks-Block, Tony, McKechnie, Iain, Shoemaker, Anna C., Podruczny, Grzegorz, Szabó, Péter, Lane, Paul J., McAlvay, Alex C., Morales, Erendira Quintana, Boles, Oliver J., Awâsis, Sakihitowin, and Gibbons, Kevin S.
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- t722hg10h
1890. An evidence-based evaluation of transferrable skills and job satisfaction for science PhDs
- Title Tesim:
- An evidence-based evaluation of transferrable skills and job satisfaction for science PhDs
- Creator:
- O'Connell, Anna B., Hall, Joshua D., Harrell, Jessica R., Sinche, Melanie, Brennwald, Patrick J., Brandt, Patrick D., Layton, Rebekah L., Freeman, Ashalla M., and Cook, Jeanette Gowen
- Date of publication:
- 2017
- Abstract Tesim:
- PhD recipients acquire discipline-specific knowledge and a range of relevant skills during their training in the life sciences, physical sciences, computational sciences, social sciences, and engineering. Empirically testing the applicability of these skills to various careers held by graduates will help assess the value of current training models. This report details results of an Internet survey of science PhDs (n = 8099) who provided ratings for fifteen transferrable skills. Indeed, analyses indicated that doctoral training develops these transferrable skills, crucial to success in a wide range of careers including research-intensive (RI) and non-research-intensive (NRI) careers. Notably, the vast majority of skills were transferrable across both RI and NRI careers, with the exception of three skills that favored RI careers (creativity/innovative thinking, career planning and awareness skills, and ability to work with people outside the organization) and three skills that favored NRI careers (time management, ability to learn quickly, ability to manage a project). High overall rankings suggested that graduate training imparted transferrable skills broadly. Nonetheless, we identified gaps between career skills needed and skills developed in PhD training that suggest potential areas for improvement in graduate training. Therefore, we suggest that a two-pronged approach is crucial to maximizing existing career opportunities for PhDs and developing a career-conscious training model: 1) encouraging trainees to recognize their existing individual skill sets, and 2) increasing resources and programmatic interventions at the institutional level to address skill gaps. Lastly, comparison of job satisfaction ratings between PhD-trained employees in both career categories indicated that those in NRI career paths were just as satisfied in their work as their RI counterparts. We conclude that PhD training prepares graduates for a broad range of satisfying careers, potentially more than trainees and program leaders currently appreciate.
- Resource type:
- Article
- Affiliation Label Tesim:
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
- Deposit Record:
- http://windsor.libint.unc.edu:8181/fcrepo/rest/prod/e2/82/bb/5c/e282bb5c-ecfc-4dd2-8603-2a46b5cc8e4b
- Type:
- http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text
- DOI:
- https://doi.org/10.17615/ec90-5f24
- Identifier:
- Onescience id: 8584dd069ed3a2fb4b4efd42793aedddab060745, PMID: 28931079, PMCID: PMC5607200, and Publisher DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185023
- ISSN:
- 1932-6203
- Journal Issue:
- 9
- Journal Title:
- PloS One
- Journal Volume:
- 12
- Keyword:
- Science, Training Support, Career Choice, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Biomedical Research, and Education, Graduate
- Language Label:
- English
- ORCID:
- and 0000-0001-7113-1348
- Other Affiliation:
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
- Page Start:
- e0185023
- Person:
- O'Connell, Anna B., Hall, Joshua D., Harrell, Jessica R., Sinche, Melanie, Brennwald, Patrick J., Brandt, Patrick D., Layton, Rebekah L., Freeman, Ashalla M., and Cook, Jeanette Gowen
- Rights Statement Label:
- In Copyright
- Source:
- fb494f625
Collection Details
- Total items
-
2112
- Size
-
unknown
- Date created
-
February 2, 2022