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Works (2111)

11. Multiple cardiovascular risk factor care in 55 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional analysis of nationally-representative, individual-level data from 280,783 adults

Title Tesim:: Multiple cardiovascular risk factor care in 55 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional analysis of nationally-representative, individual-level data from 280,783 adults
Creator:: Bovet, Pascal, Sibai, Abla, Tien, Dessie V., Houinato, Dismand, Geldsetzer, Pascal, Gurung, Mongal, Manne-Goehler, Jennifer, Dorobantu, Maria, Norov, Bolormaa, Aryal, Krishna, Davies, Justine, Mwalim, Omar, Karki, Khem, Jorgensen, Jutta, Mayige, Mary, Diallo, Alpha Oumar, Quesnel-Crooks, Sarah, Mwangi, Kibachio Joseph, Flood, David, Seiglie, Jacqueline A., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Martins, Joao, Stürmer, Til, Houehanou, Corine, Rahim, Nicholas E., Atun, Rifat, Wesseh, Chea, Guwatudde, David, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Theilmann, Michaela, Agoudavi, Kokou, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Kagaruki, Gibson, Hwalla, Nahla, Vollmer, Sebastian, Kinlaw, Alan, Marcus, Maja E., McClure, Roy Wong, Andall-Brereton, Glennis, Gower, Emily W., Bicaba, Brice, Ali, Mohammed K., Bärnighausen, Till, Bahendeka, Silver, Franceschini, Nora, Gathecha, Gladwell, Sturua, Lela, Farzadfar, Farshad, and Tsabedze, Lindiwe
Date of publication:: 2024
Abstract Tesim:: The prevalence of multiple age-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is high among individuals living in low- and middle-income countries. We described receipt of healthcare services for and management of hypertension and diabetes among individuals living with these conditions using individual-level data from 55 nationally representative population-based surveys (2009–2019) with measured blood pressure (BP) and diabetes biomarker. We restricted our analysis to non-pregnant individuals aged 40–69 years and defined three mutually exclusive groups (i.e., hypertension only, diabetes only, and both hypertension-diabetes) to compare individuals living with concurrent hypertension and diabetes to individuals with each condition separately. We included 90,086 individuals who lived with hypertension only, 11,975 with diabetes only, and 16,228 with hypertension-diabetes. We estimated the percentage of individuals who were aware of their diagnosis, used pharmacological therapy, or achieved appropriate hypertension and diabetes management. A greater percentage of individuals with hypertension-diabetes were fully diagnosed (64.1% [95% CI: 61.8–66.4]) than those with hypertension only (47.4% [45.3–49.6]) or diabetes only (46.7% [44.1–49.2]). Among the hypertension-diabetes group, pharmacological treatment was higher for individual conditions (38.3% [95% CI: 34.8–41.8] using antihypertensive and 42.3% [95% CI: 39.4–45.2] using glucose-lowering medications) than for both conditions jointly (24.6% [95% CI: 22.1–27.2]).The percentage of individuals achieving appropriate management was highest in the hypertension group (17.6% [16.4–18.8]), followed by diabetes (13.3% [10.7–15.8]) and hypertension-diabetes (6.6% [5.4–7.8]) groups. Although health systems in LMICs are reaching a larger share of individuals living with both hypertension and diabetes than those living with just one of these conditions, only seven percent achieved both BP and blood glucose treatment targets. Implementation of cost-effective population-level interventions that shift clinical care paradigm from disease-specific to comprehensive CVD care are urgently needed for all three groups, especially for those with multiple CVD risk factors.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology and Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/b4e8-ph08
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003019
ISSN:: 2767-3375
Journal Issue:: 3
Journal Title:: PLOS Global Public Health
Journal Volume:: 4
Keyword:: Diabetes mellitus, HbA1c, Drug therapy, Hypertension, Cardiovascular diseases, Low and middle income countries, Cardiovascular disease risk, and Statins
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: Ministry of Health, Victoria, American University of Beirut, Harvard Medical School, University of Abomey-Calavi, Heidelberg University, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, University of Goettingen, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, National Center for Public Health, Ulaanbaatar, Abt Associates, University of Witwatersrand, Ministry of Health, Zanzibar City, Tribhuvan University, Copenhagen University, National Institute for Medical Research, , Caribbean Public Health Agency, Ministry of Health, Nairobi, University of Michigan, Massachusetts General Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Universidade Nacional Timor Lorosa’e, Harvard University, Stanford University, Makerere University, Togo Ministry of Health, Costa Rican Social Security Fund, Institut Africain de Sante Publique, Emory University, Saint Francis Hospital Nsambya, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, and Ministry of Health, Mbabane
Page Start:: e0003019
Person:: Bovet, Pascal, Sibai, Abla, Tien, Dessie V., Houinato, Dismand, Geldsetzer, Pascal, Gurung, Mongal, Manne-Goehler, Jennifer, Dorobantu, Maria, Norov, Bolormaa, Aryal, Krishna, Davies, Justine, Mwalim, Omar, Karki, Khem, Jorgensen, Jutta, Mayige, Mary, Diallo, Alpha Oumar, Quesnel-Crooks, Sarah, Mwangi, Kibachio Joseph, Flood, David, Seiglie, Jacqueline A., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Martins, Joao, Stürmer, Til, Houehanou, Corine, Rahim, Nicholas E., Atun, Rifat, Wesseh, Chea, Guwatudde, David, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Theilmann, Michaela, Agoudavi, Kokou, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Kagaruki, Gibson, Hwalla, Nahla, Vollmer, Sebastian, Kinlaw, Alan, Marcus, Maja E., McClure, Roy Wong, Andall-Brereton, Glennis, Gower, Emily W., Bicaba, Brice, Ali, Mohammed K., Bärnighausen, Till, Bahendeka, Silver, Franceschini, Nora, Gathecha, Gladwell, Sturua, Lela, Farzadfar, Farshad, and Tsabedze, Lindiwe
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: abfeae63-34d2-42ad-90cc-45e8090db17a

12. Mechanistic insights into ligand dissociation from the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein

Title Tesim:: Mechanistic insights into ligand dissociation from the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein
Creator:: Miao Y, Pawnikar S, Huang Y.-M.M, Hasse T, Mantei E, Wang J, and Shahoei R
Date of publication:: 2024
Abstract Tesim:: The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spurred an urgent need for effective therapeutic interventions. The spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for infiltrating host cells, rendering it a key candidate for drug development. By interacting with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, the spike initiates the infection of SARS-CoV-2. Linoleate is known to bind the spike glycoprotein, subsequently reducing its interaction with ACE2. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the protein-ligand interaction remain unclear. In this study, we characterized the pathways of ligand dissociation and the conformational changes associated with the spike glycoprotein by using ligand Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (LiGaMD). Our simulations resulted in eight complete ligand dissociation trajectories, unveiling two distinct ligand unbinding pathways. The preference between these two pathways depends on the gate distance between two α-helices in the receptor binding domain (RBD) and the position of the N-linked glycan at N343. Our study also highlights the essential contributions of K417, N121 glycan, and N165 glycan in ligand unbinding, which are equally crucial in enhancing spike-ACE2 binding. We suggest that the presence of the ligand influences the motions of these residues and glycans, consequently reducing accessibility for spike-ACE2 binding. These findings enhance our understanding of ligand dissociation from the spike glycoprotein and offer significant implications for drug design strategies in the battle against COVID-19.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Pharmacology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/2rd1-w440
Edition:: Postprint
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011955
ISSN:: 1553-734X
Journal Issue:: 3
Journal Title:: PLoS Computational Biology
Journal Volume:: 20
Keyword:: Ligand dissociation, Dissociation, Molecular dynamics, Drug development, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, dissociation, receptor binding, molecular dynamics, Ligands, Glycans, Diseases, simulation, protein structure, Polysaccharides, Protein-ligand interactions, amino acid sequence, coronavirus spike glycoprotein, ligand dissociation, algorithm, Glycoproteins, protein domain, nonhuman, Therapeutic intervention, Article, energy, Gaussians, binding affinity, coronavirus disease 2019, Mechanistics, Host cells, Coronavirus, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and Conformational change
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: , Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
Person:: Miao Y, Pawnikar S, Huang Y.-M.M, Hasse T, Mantei E, Wang J, and Shahoei R
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: ebe3ca4c-6e8c-4056-8ade-fa560b5a516e

13. Management practices in facilities providing HIV services to key populations in Kenya and Malawi: A descriptive analysis of management in community-based organizations

Title Tesim:: Management practices in facilities providing HIV services to key populations in Kenya and Malawi: A descriptive analysis of management in community-based organizations
Creator:: Bautista-Arredondo, Sergio, Nyambura, Barbara, Sánchez-Morales, Jorge Eduardo, Bula, Agatha Kapatuka, Opuni, Marjorie, Rodríguez-Atristain, Alejandra, Figeroa, José Luis, and Salas-Ortiz, Andrea
Date of publication:: 2024
Abstract Tesim:: HIV services for key populations (KP) at higher risk of HIV infection are often delivered by community-based organizations. To achieve HIV epidemic control, countries need to scale up HIV services for KP. Little is known about the management practices of community-based organizations delivering health services. We explored the management practices and facility characteristics of community-based health facilities providing HIV services to key populations as part of the LINKAGES program in Kenya and Malawi. We collected information on management practices from 45 facilities called drop-in centers (DICs) during US Government FY 2019, adapting the World Management Survey to the HIV community-based health service delivery context. We constructed management domain scores for each facility. We then analyzed the statistical correlations between management domains (performance monitoring, people management, financial management, and community engagement) and facility characteristics (e.g., number of staff, organization maturity, service scale) using ordinary least square models. The lowest mean management domain scores were found for people management in Kenya (38.3) and financial management in Malawi (25.7). The highest mean scores in both countries were for performance monitoring (80.9 in Kenya and 82.2 in Malawi). Within each management domain, there was significant variation across DICs, with the widest ranges in scores (0 to 100) observed for financial management and community involvement. The DIC characteristics we considered explained only a small proportion of the variation in management domain scores across DICs. Community-based health facilities providing HIV services to KP can achieve high levels of management in a context where they receive adequate levels of above-facility support and oversight—even if they deliver complex services, rely heavily on temporary workers and community volunteers, and face significant financial constraints. The variation in scores suggests that some facilities may require more above-facility support and oversight than others.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: UNC Project-Malawi
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/esa0-7g37
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002813
ISSN:: 2767-3375
Journal Issue:: 3
Journal Title:: PLOS Global Public Health
Journal Volume:: 4
Keyword:: Kenya, Health care facilities, Health services administration and management, HIV epidemiology, HIV diagnosis and management, Financial management, HIV, and Malawi
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: National Institute of Public Health, , and The University of York
Page Start:: e0002813
Person:: Bautista-Arredondo, Sergio, Nyambura, Barbara, Sánchez-Morales, Jorge Eduardo, Bula, Agatha Kapatuka, Opuni, Marjorie, Rodríguez-Atristain, Alejandra, Figeroa, José Luis, and Salas-Ortiz, Andrea
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 6bcce784-98f0-4f7e-bc23-795da8eca208

14. Health status of transgender people globally: A systematic review of research on disease burden and correlates

Title Tesim:: Health status of transgender people globally: A systematic review of research on disease burden and correlates
Creator:: Reisner S.L, Zubizarreta D, Beebe B, Restar A.J, Poteat T, Baker K.E, Wang J, Ridgeway K, Rich A.J, van der Merwe L.A, Baral S.D, Malik M, and Scheim A.I
Date of publication:: 2024
Abstract Tesim:: Background and objectives Transgender and gender diverse (trans) health research has grown rapidly, highlighting the need to characterize the scientific evidence base. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed research on disease burden and correlates in trans adolescents and adults over a 20-month period to identify knowledge gaps and assess methodological characteristics including measurement of gender identity, community engagement, and study quality. Data sources, eligibility criteria, and synthesis methods We searched seven databases using terms related to (a) transgender populations and (b) health or disease. Eligible studies were in English, French, or Spanish and reported original quantitative data on mental health or substance use conditions, infectious diseases, or noncommunicable conditions in at least 25 trans individuals aged 15+. Quality assessment was performed in duplicate on a 10% sample of articles and findings were summarized using narrative synthesis. Results The 328 included studies were conducted in 45 countries, with most from North America (54%) and limited research from South Asia (3%), Sub-Saharan Africa (3%), and the Middle East and North Africa (2%). Most studies used cross-sectional designs (73%) and convenience sampling (65%). Only 30% of studies reported any form of community engagement. Mental health and substance use disorders were the most studied area (77% of studies) and non-communicable conditions the least (16%). Available data indicated that trans populations experience high disease burden with considerable heterogeneity within and across settings. Of 39 articles assessed for quality, 80% were rated as fair, 18% as poor, and 3% as good quality. Conclusions and implications Geographic, gender-specific, and topical gaps remain in trans health, but we found more research from African countries, with transmasculine people, and on non-communicable conditions than previous syntheses. Areas for growth in trans health research include community engagement, non-binary health, chronic and age-related conditions, and health determinants.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Social Medicine and Department of Health Behavior
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/3jgr-9x85
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299373
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 3-Mar
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 19
Keyword:: health status, transgender, Health Status, Cost of Illness, Africa south of the Sahara, cross-sectional study, gender identity, Adult, adolescent, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adolescent, Transgender Persons, Africa South of the Sahara, cost of illness, female, Male, human, Female, adult, Humans, male, and Gender Identity
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States, , Whitman-Walker Institute, Washington, DC, United States, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, Social Health and Empowerment Feminist Collective of Transgender Women of Africa (S.H.E.), East London, South Africa, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Person:: Reisner S.L, Zubizarreta D, Beebe B, Restar A.J, Poteat T, Baker K.E, Wang J, Ridgeway K, Rich A.J, van der Merwe L.A, Baral S.D, Malik M, and Scheim A.I
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 3055a538-1ab9-4427-ac78-8b1e16655d9c

15. Combining machine learning with structurebased protein design to predict and engineer post-Translational modifications of proteins

Title Tesim:: Combining machine learning with structurebased protein design to predict and engineer post-Translational modifications of proteins
Creator:: Schoeder C.T, Mulligan V.K, Meiler J, Moretti R, Ertelt M, Schiffner T, Lyskov S, and Maguire J.B
Date of publication:: 2024
Abstract Tesim:: Post-Translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play a vital role in their function and stability. These modifications influence protein folding, signaling, protein-protein interactions, enzyme activity, binding affinity, aggregation, degradation, and much more. To date, over 400 types of PTMs have been described, representing chemical diversity well beyond the genetically encoded amino acids. Such modifications pose a challenge to the successful design of proteins, but also represent a major opportunity to diversify the protein engineering toolbox. To this end, we first trained artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict eighteen of the most abundant PTMs, including protein glycosylation, phosphorylation, methylation, and deamidation. In a second step, these models were implemented inside the computational protein modeling suite Rosetta, which allows flexible combination with existing protocols to model the modified sites and understand their impact on protein stability as well as function. Lastly, we developed a new design protocol that either maximizes or minimizes the predicted probability of a particular site being modified. We find that this combination of ANN prediction and structure-based design can enable the modification of existing, as well as the introduction of novel, PTMs. The potential applications of our work include, but are not limited to, glycan masking of epitopes, strengthening protein-protein interactions through phosphorylation, as well as protecting proteins from deamidation liabilities. These applications are especially important for the design of new protein therapeutics where PTMs can drastically change the therapeutic properties of a protein. Our work adds novel tools to Rosetta s protein engineering toolbox that allow for the rational design of PTMs.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/e1wr-ns62
Edition:: Postprint
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011939
ISSN:: 1553-734X
Journal Issue:: 3
Journal Title:: PLoS Computational Biology
Journal Volume:: 20
Keyword:: nonhuman, Structure-based protein designs, protein phosphorylation, prediction, Signalling proteins, human, protein secondary structure, Phosphorylation, protein glycosylation, artificial neural network, Article, Forecasting, protein structure, Machine learning, Alkylation, protein aggregation, machine learning, protein engineering, Rosetta, Methylation, entropy, probability, protein stability, Neural networks, translational protein modification, binding affinity, Enzymes activity, Binding energy, deamidation, protein protein interaction, protein folding, Machine-learning, enzyme activity, Protein-protein interactions, methylation, Protein engineering, Biochemical engineering, Protein foldings, Binding affinities, Enzyme activity, and Post-translational modifications
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany, Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, United States, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States, and
Person:: Schoeder C.T, Mulligan V.K, Meiler J, Moretti R, Ertelt M, Schiffner T, Lyskov S, and Maguire J.B
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 01e001ef-125d-4fd2-97f1-cd06a41693fd

16. Codeine and promethazine: Exploratory study on “lean” or “sizzurp” using national survey data and an online forum

Title Tesim:: Codeine and promethazine: Exploratory study on “lean” or “sizzurp” using national survey data and an online forum
Creator:: Garcia-Romeu, Albert, Spindle, Tory, Zamarripa, C. Austin, Ware, Orrin D., Wager, Leeza, and Hughes, Tamera
Date of publication:: 2024
Abstract Tesim:: Background The concoction known as "lean" containing codeine and promethazine, holds a prominent cultural presence and is often referenced in mass media platforms (e.g., music and social media). Surprisingly, there’s a scarcity of national data characterizing the use of lean. Therefore, the current study investigated the use of lean using national survey data and online forum participant input, and focused on identifying concurrent substance use, exploring co-administration with other substances (e.g., alcohol, cannabis), and determining lean-related experiences. Methods We analyzed data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) spanning 2007–2019, identifying persons who used lean (weighted N = 42,275). Additionally, we conducted a Reddit-based study to gather insights about lean consumtion (N = 192). Results The NSDUH data indicated that lean use was most prevalent among teenagers and young adults (ages 13–21), accounting for 66% of the sample. This trend was more pronounced in male respondents (75%) compared to females. Additionally, the use was predominantly observed among Black/African American (29%), Hispanic (28%), and White (33%) populations, with these groups also reporting higher levels of concurrent alcohol and cannabis use. Similarly, findings from Reddit showed that individuals who used lean were predominantly male (67%) and exhibited elevated concurrent rates of alcohol (83%) and cannabis (46%) use in the past 30 days. Moreover, approximately 66% of respondents met criteria for severe lean use disorder, and 37% acknowledged driving under its influence. Conclusion The NSDUH data found that mostly young adult males reported consuming lean in the past twelve months, though the racial/ethnic breakdown of persons who used lean was diverse. The Reddit data found that most individuals in the sample met the criteria for a substance use disorder pertaining to their lean consumption. These findings underscore the clinical significance and necessity for further controlled research on lean.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: School of Social Work and Eshelman School of Pharmacy
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/k2vx-8630
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0301024
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 3
Journal Title:: PLOS ONE
Journal Volume:: 19
Keyword:: Surveys, Codeine, Coughing, Cannabis, Medical risk factors, Mental health therapies, Gender identity, and Alcohol consumption
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: Johns Hopkins University and
Page Start:: e0301024
Person:: Garcia-Romeu, Albert, Spindle, Tory, Zamarripa, C. Austin, Ware, Orrin D., Wager, Leeza, and Hughes, Tamera
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 41e7bb94-fbf0-4f36-b233-6d2a049cd579

17. Citizenship status and career self-efficacy: An intersectional study of biomedical trainees in the United States

Title Tesim:: Citizenship status and career self-efficacy: An intersectional study of biomedical trainees in the United States
Creator:: Chatterjee D, Jacob G.A, Chaudhary S, Chalkley R, Layton R.L, Gaines C.H, Varvayanis S.S, Varadarajan J, Nogueira A.T, Hubbard N.M, Fuhrmann C.N, and Wefes I
Date of publication:: 2024
Abstract Tesim:: This study examines the intersectional role of citizenship and gender with career self-efficacy amongst 10,803 doctoral and postdoctoral trainees in US universities. These biomedical trainees completed surveys administered by 17 US institutions that participated in the National Institutes of Health Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training (NIH BEST) Programs. Findings indicate that career self-efficacy of non-citizen trainees is significantly lower than that of US citizen trainees. While lower career efficacy was observed in women compared with men, it was even lower for non-citizen female trainees. Results suggest that specific career interests may be related to career self-efficacy. Relative to US citizen trainees, both male and female non-citizen trainees showed higher interest in pursuing a career as an academic research investigator. In comparison with non-citizen female trainees and citizen trainees of all genders, non-citizen male trainees expressed the highest interest in research-intensive (and especially principal investigator) careers. The authors discuss potential causes for these results and offer recommendations for increasing trainee career self-efficacy which can be incorporated into graduate and postdoctoral training.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Pharmacology and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/d6cb-4w18
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296246
ISSN:: 1932-6203
Journal Issue:: 3-Mar
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 19
Keyword:: medical research, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), graduate education, citizenship, Research Personnel, Male, human, Citizenship, education, postdoctoral education, article, career, Humans, Biomedical Research, male, decision making, female, Career Choice, Female, personnel, national health organization, Education, Graduate, student, United States, controlled study, open access publishing, and self concept
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
Other Affiliation:: Department of Psychology, Baruch College, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States, Department of Surgical Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Basic Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States, , Cornell University Graduate School, Ithaca, NY, United States, Biomedical Research Education and Training Office of Outcomes Research, The Office of Biomedical Research Education and Training, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States, RNA Therapeutics Institute, Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States, and Graduate Studies, Metropolitan State University, Denver, CO, United States
Person:: Chatterjee D, Jacob G.A, Chaudhary S, Chalkley R, Layton R.L, Gaines C.H, Varvayanis S.S, Varadarajan J, Nogueira A.T, Hubbard N.M, Fuhrmann C.N, and Wefes I
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 37c06b37-74a1-4758-a4b8-dd7fe05b31f4

18. The impact of the demographic transition on dengue in Thailand: Insights from a statistical analysis and mathematical modeling

Title Tesim:: The impact of the demographic transition on dengue in Thailand: Insights from a statistical analysis and mathematical modeling
Creator:: Cummings, D.A.T, Iamsirithaworn, S, Lessler, J.T, McDermott, A, Prasanthong, R, Nisalak, A, Gibbons, R.V, Burke, D.S, and Jarman, R.G
Date of publication:: 2009
Abstract Tesim:: Background: An increase in the average age of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases has been reported in Thailand. The cause of this increase is not known. Possible explanations include a reduction in transmission due to declining mosquito populations, declining contact between human and mosquito, and changes in reporting. We propose that a demographic shift toward lower birth and death rates has reduced dengue transmission and lengthened the interval between large epidemics. Methods and Findings: Using data from each of the 72 provinces of Thailand, we looked for associations between force of infection (a measure of hazard, defined as the rate per capita at which susceptible individuals become infected) and demographic and climactic variables. We estimated the force of infection from the age distribution of cases from 1985 to 2005. We find that the force of infection has declined by 2% each year since a peak in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Contrary to recent findings suggesting that the incidence of DHF has increased in Thailand, we find a small but statistically significant decline in DHF incidence since 1985 in a majority of provinces. The strongest predictor of the change in force of infection and the mean force of infection is the median age of the population. Using mathematical simulations of dengue transmission we show that a reduced birth rate and a shift in the population's age structure can explain the shift in the age distribution of cases, reduction of the force of infection, and increase in the periodicity of multiannual oscillations of DHF incidence in the absence of other changes. Conclusions: Lower birth and death rates decrease the flow of susceptible individuals into the population and increase the longevity of immune individuals. The increase in the proportion of the population that is immune increases the likelihood that an infectious mosquito will feed on an immune individual, reducing the force of infection. Though the force of infection has decreased by half, we find that the critical vaccination fraction has not changed significantly, declining from an average of 85% to 80%. Clinical guidelines should consider the impact of continued increases in the age of dengue cases in Thailand. Countries in the region lagging behind Thailand in the demographic transition may experience the same increase as their population ages. The impact of demographic changes on the force of infection has been hypothesized for other diseases, but, to our knowledge, this is the first observation of this phenomenon.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/bkcg-7m56
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000139
Journal Issue:: 9
Journal Title:: PLoS Medicine
Journal Volume:: 6
Keyword:: human, Female, Models, Theoretical, child, Dengue, birth rate, Humans, Infant, Data Interpretation, Statistical, incidence, theoretical model, Demography, demography, female, male, disease predisposition, statistical analysis, Child, adult, dengue, infant, adolescent, age, Infant, Newborn, mathematical model, virus transmission, socioeconomics, article, epidemic, preschool child, Young Adult, Adolescent, Thailand, climate change, age distribution, Male, mortality, newborn, Child, Preschool, and Age Factors
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Public Domain Mark 1.0
Other Affiliation:: Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States, Bureau of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand, Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, and Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
Person:: Cummings, D.A.T, Iamsirithaworn, S, Lessler, J.T, McDermott, A, Prasanthong, R, Nisalak, A, Gibbons, R.V, Burke, D.S, and Jarman, R.G
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:: In Copyright
Source:: 07a1f9df-5936-457c-a7ee-465dc5a9775e

19. The cost of simplifying air travel when modeling disease spread

Title Tesim:: The cost of simplifying air travel when modeling disease spread
Creator:: Lessler, J, Douglas, J.V, Kaufman, J.H, and Ford, D.A
Date of publication:: 2009
Abstract Tesim:: Background: Air travel plays a key role in the spread of many pathogens. Modeling the long distance spread of infectious disease in these cases requires an air travel model. Highly detailed air transportation models can be over determined and computationally problematic. We compared the predictions of a simplified air transport model with those of a model of all routes and assessed the impact of differences on models of infectious disease. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using U.S. ticket data from 2007, we compared a simplified "pipe" model, in which individuals flow in and out of the air transport system based on the number of arrivals and departures from a given airport, to a fully saturated model where all routes are modeled individually. We also compared the pipe model to a "gravity" model where the probability of travel is scaled by physical distance; the gravity model did not differ significantly from the pipe model. The pipe model roughly approximated actual air travel, but tended to overestimate the number of trips between small airports and underestimate travel between major east and west coast airports. For most routes, the maximum number of false (or missed) introductions of disease is small (<1 per day) but for a few routes this rate is greatly underestimated by the pipe model. Conclusions/Significance: If our interest is in large scale regional and national effects of disease, the simplified pipe model may be adequate. If we are interested in specific effects of interventions on particular air routes or the time for the disease to reach a particular location, a more complex point-to-point model will be more accurate. For many problems a hybrid model that independently models some frequently traveled routes may be the best choice. Regardless of the model used, the effect of simplifications and sensitivity to errors in parameter estimation should be analyzed.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/z3fy-jh27
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0004403
Journal Issue:: 2
Journal Title:: PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:: 4
Keyword:: airport, article, infection, disease transmission, aircraft, sensitivity analysis, prediction, infection risk, United States, disease model, risk assessment, analytical error, controlled study, travel, statistical model, mathematical computing, and aviation
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States and Health Informatics Research, IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA, United States
Person:: Lessler, J, Douglas, J.V, Kaufman, J.H, and Ford, D.A
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: 3ab887ac-de32-4d76-ae1e-4311f2438444

20. Measuring the performance of vaccination programs using cross-sectional surveys: A likelihood framework and retrospective analysis

Title Tesim:: Measuring the performance of vaccination programs using cross-sectional surveys: A likelihood framework and retrospective analysis
Creator:: Grenfell, B.T, Lessler, J, Cummings, D.A.T, Luquero, F.J, Grais, R.F, and Metcalf, C.J.E
Date of publication:: 2011
Abstract Tesim:: Background: The performance of routine and supplemental immunization activities is usually measured by the administrative method: dividing the number of doses distributed by the size of the target population. This method leads to coverage estimates that are sometimes impossible (e.g., vaccination of 102% of the target population), and are generally inconsistent with the proportion found to be vaccinated in Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). We describe a method that estimates the fraction of the population accessible to vaccination activities, as well as within-campaign inefficiencies, thus providing a consistent estimate of vaccination coverage. Methods and Findings: We developed a likelihood framework for estimating the effective coverage of vaccination programs using cross-sectional surveys of vaccine coverage combined with administrative data. We applied our method to measles vaccination in three African countries: Ghana, Madagascar, and Sierra Leone, using data from each country's most recent DHS survey and administrative coverage data reported to the World Health Organization. We estimate that 93% (95% CI: 91, 94) of the population in Ghana was ever covered by any measles vaccination activity, 77% (95% CI: 78, 81) in Madagascar, and 69% (95% CI: 67, 70) in Sierra Leone. "Within-activity" inefficiencies were estimated to be low in Ghana, and higher in Sierra Leone and Madagascar. Our model successfully fits age-specific vaccination coverage levels seen in DHS data, which differ markedly from those predicted by naïve extrapolation from country-reported and World Health Organization-adjusted vaccination coverage. Conclusions: Combining administrative data with survey data substantially improves estimates of vaccination coverage. Estimates of the inefficiency of past vaccination activities and the proportion not covered by any activity allow us to more accurately predict the results of future activities and provide insight into the ways in which vaccination programs are failing to meet their goals. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
Resource type:: Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:: Department of Epidemiology
DOI:: https://doi.org/10.17615/g3kg-ja17
Edition:: Publisher
Identifier:: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001110
Journal Issue:: 10
Journal Title:: PLoS Medicine
Journal Volume:: 8
Keyword:: health care survey, retrospective study, statistics, Health Care Surveys, Vaccination, measles, Measles, Retrospective Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, controlled study, drug efficacy, Sierra Leone, article, vaccination, Ghana, immunization, world health organization, Africa, age specific care, measles vaccine, human, measles vaccination, Madagascar, and cross-sectional study
Language Label:: English
License Label:: Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States, Epicentre, Paris, France, and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Person:: Grenfell, B.T, Lessler, J, Cummings, D.A.T, Luquero, F.J, Grais, R.F, and Metcalf, C.J.E
Publisher:: Public Library of Science
Source:: 87361cce-7352-48b0-9b92-52330fd9fed2

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