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191. Environmental monitoring of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in North Carolina water and wastewater using the WHO Tricycle protocol in combination with membrane filtration and compartment bag test methods for detecting and quantifying ESBL E. coli

Title Tesim:
Environmental monitoring of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in North Carolina water and wastewater using the WHO Tricycle protocol in combination with membrane filtration and compartment bag test methods for detecting and quantifying ESBL E. coli
Creator:
Appling, K. Clark, Sobsey, Mark D., Fisher, Michael B., and Durso, Lisa M.
Date of publication:
2023
Abstract Tesim:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens human and animal health; effective response requires monitoring AMR presence in humans, animals, and the environment. The World Health Organization Tricycle Protocol (WHO TP) standardizes and streamlines global AMR monitoring around a single indicator organism, extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec). The WHO TP culture-based method detects and quantifies ESBL-Ec by spread-plating or membrane filtration on either MacConkey or TBX agar (supplemented with cefotaxime). These methods require laboratories and trained personnel, limiting feasibility in low-resource and field settings. We adapted the WHO TP using a simplified method, the compartment bag test (CBT), to quantify most probable numbers (MPN) of ESBL-Ec in samples. CBT methods can be used correctly in the field by typical adults after a few hours’ training. We collected and analyzed municipal wastewater, surface water, and chicken waste samples from sites in Raleigh and Chapel Hill, NC over an 8-month period. Presumptive ESBL-Ec were quantified using MF on TBX agar supplemented with cefotaxime (MF+TBX), as well as using the CBT with chromogenic E. coli medium containing cefotaxime. Presumptive ESBL-Ec bacteria were isolated from completed tests for confirmation and characterization by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion tests (antibiotic sensitivity) and EnteroPluri biochemical tests (speciation). Both methods were easy to use, but MF+TBX required additional time and effort. The proportion of E. coli that were presumptively ESBL in surface water samples was significantly greater downstream vs upstream of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfalls, suggesting that treated wastewater is a source of ESBL-Ec in some surface waters. The CBT and MF+TBX tests provided similar (but not identical) quantitative results, making the former method suitable as an alternative to the more complex MF+TBX procedure in some applications. Further AMR surveillance using MF+TBX and/or CBT methods may be useful to characterize and refine their performance for AMR monitoring in NC and elsewhere.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/6mhz-9s66
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000117
ISSN:
2767-3219
Journal Issue:
9
Journal Title:
PLOS Water
Journal Volume:
2
Keyword:
Filtration, Poultry, Antimicrobial resistance, Antibiotics, Chickens, Surface water, Livestock, and Escherichia coli
Language Label:
English
License Label:
CC0 1.0 Universal
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
and USDA
Page Start:
e0000117
Person:
Appling, K. Clark, Sobsey, Mark D., Fisher, Michael B., and Durso, Lisa M.
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Source:
7a08bf86-c6ae-49ab-ac1d-26a822ab4b56

192. Comprehensive mandatory policies are needed to fully protect all children from unhealthy food marketing

Title Tesim:
Comprehensive mandatory policies are needed to fully protect all children from unhealthy food marketing
Creator:
Stoltze, Fernanda Mediano, Popkin, Barry M., and Carpentier, Francesca R. Dillman
Date of publication:
2023
Abstract Tesim:
The World Health Organization (WHO) have released a new guideline, “Policies to protect children from the harmful impact of food marketing” [1] which recommends the development of comprehensive laws to reduce children’s exposure to unhealthy food marketing. This new guideline extends previous recommendations [2] to limit the adverse effects of unhealthy food marketing on the health of the world’s children. We consider here whether these new recommendations go far enough.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Nutrition and Hussman School of Journalism and Media
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/ra4t-1917
Edition:
Postprint
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004291
ISSN:
1549-1676
Journal Issue:
9
Journal Title:
PLOS Medicine
Journal Volume:
20
Keyword:
Children, Advertising, Randomized controlled trials, Food, Marketing, Conservation science, Global health, and Child and adolescent health policy
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and
Page Start:
e1004291
Person:
Stoltze, Fernanda Mediano, Popkin, Barry M., and Carpentier, Francesca R. Dillman
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Source:
29677853-cd4b-448f-a1ce-4a7a9ff559c4

193. Comparing typologies of violence exposure and associations with syndemic health outcomes among cisgender and transgender female sex workers living with HIV in the Dominican Republic

Title Tesim:
Comparing typologies of violence exposure and associations with syndemic health outcomes among cisgender and transgender female sex workers living with HIV in the Dominican Republic
Creator:
Barrington C., Perez M., Rodriguez-Diaz C., MacLin B.J., Kerrigan D., Donastorg Y., Wang Y., and Gomez H.
Date of publication:
2023
Abstract Tesim:
Violence against women research largely excludes transgender women’s experiences and violence from perpetrators other than intimate partners. This study compares patterns of violence exposure among cisgender and transgender female sex workers (FSWs) and the associations with syndemic health outcomes. We used cross-sectional surveys from samples of cisgender and transgender FSWs living with HIV in the Dominican Republic (N = 211 and 100, respectively). We used latent class analysis to identify patterns of emotional, physical and sexual violence and harassment by partners, clients, and police. We assessed sociodemographic and occupational predictors in relation to class membership, and class membership in relation to health (HIV continuum of care outcomes, mental health, substance use), using logistic regression. Two classes were identified in cisgender sample: Low Reported Violence Exposure (Class 1) and Sex Work-related Police Harassment (Class 2). Class 2 participants had greater odds of scoring abnormal or borderline abnormal anxiety on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) (adjusted OR = 3.97 p<0.01), moderate-to-severe depression per the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) (aOR = 5.74, p<0.01), and any illicit drug use in the past six months (aOR = 3.06, p<0.05) compared to Class 1. The transgender sample produced three classes: Low Reported Violence Exposure (Class 1); Sex Work-related Police Harassment (Class 2); and Sex Workrelated Violence and Harassment (Class 3). Class 3 participants had greater odds of having anxiety (aOR = 6.65, p<0.01) and depression (aOR = 4.45, p<0.05), while Class 2 participants had greater odds of perfect ART adherence during the previous four days (aOR = 2.78, p<0.05), compared to Class 1. The more diverse and extreme violence patterns uncovered for the transgender sample show this group’s heightened risk, while similar patterns across groups regarding police abuse highlight a need for police-focused violence prevention interventions. Each sample’s highest violence class was associated with poor mental health, underscoring the need for mental health interventions for all FSWs.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Health Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/fy62-8x54
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291314
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
9-Sep
Journal Title:
PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:
18
Keyword:
sexual violence, controlled study, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, Article, Transgender Persons, female, cohort analysis, sex worker, syndemic, adult, comparative study, outcome assessment, sociodemographics, cross-sectional study, Humans, Female, major clinical study, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dominican Republic, Sex Workers, Exposure to Violence, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, Syndemic, human, latent class analysis, male, harassment, substance use, binge drinking, household income, exposure to violence, depression, transgender, and HIV Infections
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
, Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de la Piel, George Washington University, and University of Pittsburgh
Person:
Barrington C., Perez M., Rodriguez-Diaz C., MacLin B.J., Kerrigan D., Donastorg Y., Wang Y., and Gomez H.
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Source:
f21eab3e-6fc6-46a7-a839-79ff5d4e267c

194. Challenges in implementation of public policies in aging and dementia in Peru

Title Tesim:
Challenges in implementation of public policies in aging and dementia in Peru
Creator:
Pintado-Caipa, Maritza, Diaz, Monica M., and Garcia, Patricia J.
Date of publication:
2023
Abstract Tesim:
Due to population aging and health transitions, people with dementia in Latin America and Caribbean region (LAC) are expected to increase from 7.8 million in 2013 to over 27 million by 2050. Fragmented healthcare systems in the LAC region make it challenging to provide adequate dementia care. However, implementing preventive interventions to reduce the burden of dementia can help strengthen services for aging populations. It is crucial to establish public policies that allocate governmental resources to implement these strategies.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Neurology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/g3b4-av15
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002345
ISSN:
2767-3375
Journal Issue:
9
Journal Title:
PLOS Global Public Health
Journal Volume:
3
Keyword:
Peru, Socioeconomic aspects of health, Caregivers, Aging, Alzheimer's disease, Dementia, Elderly, and Health care policy
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
University of California, San Francisco, , and Cayetano Heredia University
Page Start:
e0002345
Person:
Pintado-Caipa, Maritza, Diaz, Monica M., and Garcia, Patricia J.
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Source:
a4dceeab-7fb6-418a-a4b3-feb99386823a

195. Assessing the size and growth of the US wetland and stream compensatory mitigation industry

Title Tesim:
Assessing the size and growth of the US wetland and stream compensatory mitigation industry
Creator:
Kwon, Joungwon, BenDor, Todd K., and Lester, T. William
Date of publication:
2023
Abstract Tesim:
Interest has focused on quantifying the size and scope of environmental markets, particularly those that offset ecosystem impacts or restore natural infrastructure to improve habitat or promote clean air and water. In this paper, we focus on the US wetland and stream compensatory mitigation market, asking: what types of firms make up the mitigation “industry”? What are the economic impacts–i.e., the “size”–of the mitigation industry? How has this industry changed over time? We present the results of a national survey of mitigation firms and construct an input-output model of the industry’s economic impacts and employment. We also develop a comparative, 2014 model of the industry using data from a previous study of the broader, ecological restoration economy. Our findings suggest that the (2019, pre-COVID) mitigation industry collects annual revenues (direct economic impacts) in excess of $3.5 billion, which, along with additional indirect (supply chain) and induced (spillover) economic impacts, combine to over $9.6 billion in total output and support over 53,000 total jobs. We estimate 2014–2019 growth of ~35.2 percent in revenues, ~32.6 percent in total economic impacts, and a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.25%. This places the mitigation industry within the range of other, well-established industries within the technical services sector. We suggest establishing North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes specifically for ecological restoration and mitigation firms, an essential step in generating accurate and consistent employment estimates in the future, particularly at sub-national geographic scales.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of City and Regional Planning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/k7w8-y429
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285139
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
9
Journal Title:
PLOS ONE
Journal Volume:
18
Keyword:
Wetlands, Ecosystems, Regulations, Surveys, Jobs, Labor economics, Economic impact analysis, and Employment
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
and San Jose State University
Page Start:
e0285139
Person:
Kwon, Joungwon, BenDor, Todd K., and Lester, T. William
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Source:
8d6a0f9d-e9bf-4a01-a64a-1ccbd523052a

196. “They have their own people”: Emotional connections, community belonging, and Chinese gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) college students’ needs for sexual health support

Title Tesim:
“They have their own people”: Emotional connections, community belonging, and Chinese gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) college students’ needs for sexual health support
Creator:
Li C., Tang K., Liang Y., Zhang R., Zou K., and Yang M.
Date of publication:
2023
Abstract Tesim:
Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) college students in China have unique sexual health challenges, including a higher risk of HIV infection, stigma and discrimination against LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer) population, and limited access to LGBTQ-affirmative sexual health support. Nonetheless, previous research or policymaking has rarely addressed the students’ needs for sexual health support from their perspectives. This study aims to explore GBMSM college students’ perceptions and attitudes to current sexual health resources, the challenges they encounter, and their expectations to acquiring LGBTQ-affirmative sexual health information and services. The exploration was carried out through field visits and in-depth interviews with 26 GBMSM college students and eight relevant stakeholders in five cities in China. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied to the interview transcripts and fieldwork memos. Four themes emerged around the preference and needs of GBMSM students in dealing with their sexual health challenges: the association between tackling sexual health challenges and entering LGBTQ communities, the roles of emotional attachment in shaping the preference for HIV-related care and support, the desired modes of acquiring sexual health support, and the current unmet service needs. We discovered that the information-and-care-seeking behaviors of GBMSM college students are highly influenced by and connected to their participation in online and in-person LGBTQ communities. Due to the overall stigmatizing sociocultural environment of LGBTQ in China, GBMSM college students tend to rely on LGBTQ communities, seeking trust and a sense of belongingness for tackling their sexual health challenges. Conventional school-based sexual health educational programs, which often apply top-down, stigma-and-fear-based, and non-LGBTQ-inclusive teaching strategies, rarely help GBMSM college students to solve sexual health problems in real life. GBMSM college students are eager to have LGBTQ-affirmative "health managers" who can understand their emotional experiences and interpersonal contexts and assist them with sexual health issues. However, such support is generally perceived as limited by the students. Our study highlights these unmet needs of the GBMSM students and emphasizes the importance of developing future LGBTQ-affirmative sexual health programs among Chinese GBMSM college students and young GBMSM in general.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Health Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/m5yf-7974
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291550
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
9-Sep
Journal Title:
PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:
18
Keyword:
city, Humans, HIV Infections, East Asian, manager, field work, men who have sex with men, teaching, Sexual Health, expectation, bisexuality, male homosexuality, genetic transcription, interview, emotional attachment, student, human, Students, China, perception, LGBTQIA+ people, Male, sexual and gender minority, Female, nonhuman, human experiment, adult, East Asian People, trust, college student, fear, stigma, article, thematic analysis, male, female, Homosexuality, Male, clinical article, Sexual and Gender Minorities, sexual health, Human immunodeficiency virus, and Human immunodeficiency virus infection
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
, Tsinghua University, Johns Hopkins University, and University of Toronto
Person:
Li C., Tang K., Liang Y., Zhang R., Zou K., and Yang M.
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Source:
6641a54a-e338-444e-b668-ac3bcc6e0211

197. A causal inference study: The impact of the combined administration of Donepezil and Memantine on decreasing hospital and emergency department visits of Alzheimer’s disease patients

Title Tesim:
A causal inference study: The impact of the combined administration of Donepezil and Memantine on decreasing hospital and emergency department visits of Alzheimer’s disease patients
Creator:
Rezaie A., Yaghmaei E., Lu H., Pierce A., Ehwerhemuepha L., Patel Y.M., Rakovski C., and Sajjadi S.A.
Date of publication:
2023
Abstract Tesim:
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia that currently affects over 6.5 million people in the U.S. Currently there is no cure and the existing drug therapies attempt to delay the mental decline and improve cognitive abilities. Two of the most commonly prescribed such drugs are Donepezil and Memantine. We formally tested and confirmed the presence of a beneficial drug-drug interaction of Donepezil and Memantine using a causal inference analysis. We applied doubly robust estimators to one of the largest and high-quality medical databases to estimate the effect of two commonly prescribed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) medications, Donepezil and Memantine, on the average number of hospital or emergency department visits per year among patients diagnosed with AD. Our results show that, compared to the absence of medication scenario, the Memantine monotherapy, and the Donepezil monotherapy, the combined use of Donepezil and Memantine treatment significantly reduces the average number of hospital or emergency department visits per year by 0.078 (13.8%), 0.144 (25.5%), and 0.132 days (23.4%), respectively. The assessed decline in the average number of hospital or emergency department visits per year is consequently associated with a substantial reduction in medical costs. As of 2022, according to the Alzheimer’s Disease Association, there were over 6.5 million individuals aged 65 and older living with AD in the US alone. If patients who are currently on no drug treatment or using either Donepezil or Memantine alone were switched to the combined used of Donepezil and Memantine therapy, the average number of hospital or emergency department visits could decrease by over 613 thousand visits per year. This, in turn, would lead to a remarkable reduction in medical expenses associated with hospitalization of AD patients in the US, totaling over 940 million dollars per year.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
School of Medicine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/ge3q-cb43
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291362
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
9-Sep
Journal Title:
PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:
18
Keyword:
drug interaction, prevalence, donepezil, Alzheimer disease, Hospitals, confidence interval, human, Donepezil, female, hospital emergency service, obesity, controlled study, monotherapy, Alzheimer Disease, Humans, Article, Memantine, male, Emergency Service, Hospital, adult, middle aged, major clinical study, hospitalization cost, pioglitazone, aged, acute kidney failure, emergency ward, memantine, comorbidity, hypertension, drug combination, hospital, diabetes mellitus, hospitalization, and cohort analysis
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Chapman University, , Children’s Hospital of Orange County, and University of California, Irvine
Person:
Rezaie A., Yaghmaei E., Lu H., Pierce A., Ehwerhemuepha L., Patel Y.M., Rakovski C., and Sajjadi S.A.
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Source:
0faf40c7-fe8f-4133-81c8-090b329604e7

198. Organophosphate exposures during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment: Recommendations for essential policy reforms

Title Tesim:
Organophosphate exposures during pregnancy and child neurodevelopment: Recommendations for essential policy reforms
Creator:
Lanphear, B., Sass, J.B., Bradman, A., Eskenazi, B., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Engel, S.M., Whyatt, R., and Bennett, D.H.
Date of publication:
2018
Abstract Tesim:
Summary Points: Widespread use of organophosphate (OP) pesticides to control insects has resulted in ubiquitous human exposures. High exposures to OP pesticides are responsible for poisonings and deaths, particularly in developing countries. Compelling evidence indicates that prenatal exposure at low levels is putting children at risk for cognitive and behavioral deficits and for neurodevelopmental disorders. To protect children worldwide, we recommend the following: Governments phase out chlorpyrifos and other OP pesticides, monitor watersheds and other sources of human exposures, promote use of integrated pest management (IPM) through incentives and training in agroecology, and implement mandatory surveillance of pesticide-related illness. Health professions implement curricula on the hazards from OP pesticides in nursing and medical schools and in continuing medical education courses and educate their patients and the public about these hazards. Agricultural entities accelerate the development of nontoxic approaches to pest control through IPM and ensure the safety of workers through training and provision of protective equipment when toxic chemicals are to be used.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Epidemiology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/vj20-tf25
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002671
ISSN:
1549-1277
Journal Issue:
10
Journal Title:
PLoS Medicine
Journal Volume:
15
Keyword:
visual memory, ethion, unindexed drug, enzyme inhibition, risk assessment, mental disease, mevinphos, coumafos, fonofos, acephate, health care policy, nonhuman, organophosphate, Child, Preschool, dimethoate, Child, disulfoton, azinphos methyl, soil erosion, child, middle income country, social evolution, fenthion, Insecticides, Pregnancy, Health Policy, government, legislation and jurisprudence, drug exposure, parathion, female, Environmental Exposure, vector control, food contamination, parathion methyl, social cognition, health hazard, Article, pesticide, phorate, environmental exposure, preschool child, Humans, chlorpyrifos, dimpylate, Female, acetylcholinesterase, human, outcome assessment, chemically induced, drug effect, autism, insecticide, Child Development, self poisoning, prenatal exposure, fenamiphos, pyrethroid, child development, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, nerve cell differentiation, isofenphos, prenatal drug exposure, chlorpyrifos methyl, Organophosphates, monocrotophos, pregnancy, clofenvinfos, methamidophos, fenitrothion, methidathion, naled, malathion, motor activity, attention deficit disorder, integrated pest management, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, and social behavior
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Simon Fraser University, George Washington University, University of California Berkeley, University of California Davis, , and Columbia University
Person:
Lanphear, B., Sass, J.B., Bradman, A., Eskenazi, B., Hertz-Picciotto, I., Engel, S.M., Whyatt, R., and Bennett, D.H.
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Source:
84286a4c-505a-41d3-83b2-58adcc8e2509

199. Soil-transmitted helminths: A critical review of the impact of co-infections and implications for control and elimination

Title Tesim:
Soil-transmitted helminths: A critical review of the impact of co-infections and implications for control and elimination
Creator:
Manga M., Bongomin F., Kibone W., Muoghalu C.C., Lebu S., Ochaya S., and Salzberg A.
Date of publication:
2023
Abstract Tesim:
Researchers have raised the possibility that soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections might modify the host's immune response against other systemic infections. STH infections can alter the immune response towards type 2 immunity that could then affect the likelihood and severity of other illnesses. However, the importance of co-infections is not completely understood, and the impact and direction of their effects vary considerably by infection. This review synthesizes evidence regarding the relevance of STH co-infections, the potential mechanisms that explain their effects, and how they might affect control and elimination efforts. According to the literature reviewed, there are both positive and negative effects associated with STH infections on other diseases such as malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, gestational anemia, pediatric anemia, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) like lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, and trachoma, as well as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Studies typically describe how STHs can affect the immune system and promote increased susceptibility, survival, and persistence of the infection in the host by causing a TH2-dominated immune response. The co-infection of STH with other diseases has important implications for the development of treatment and control strategies. Eliminating parasites from a human host can be more challenging because the TH2-dominated immune response induced by STH infection can suppress the TH1 immune response required to control other infections, resulting in an increased pathogen load and more severe disease. Preventive chemotherapy and treatment are currently the most common approaches used for the control of STH infections, but these approaches alone may not be adequate to achieve elimination goals. Based on the conclusions drawn from this review, integrated approaches that combine drug administration with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions, hygiene education, community engagement, and vaccines are most likely to succeed in interrupting the transmission of STH co-infections. Gaining a better understanding of the behavior and relevance of STH co-infections in the context of elimination efforts is an important intermediate step toward reducing the associated burden of disease.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/wmxw-pf17
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011496
ISSN:
1935-2735
Journal Issue:
8
Journal Title:
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
Journal Volume:
17
Keyword:
soil, animal, Soil, prevalence, physiology, Helminths, child, human, parasitology, Humans, Prevalence, helminthiasis, Helminthiasis, COVID-19, Child, Coinfection, Animals, coinfection, coronavirus disease 2019, and helminth
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
, Gulu University, and Makerere University
Page Start:
e0011496
Person:
Manga M., Bongomin F., Kibone W., Muoghalu C.C., Lebu S., Ochaya S., and Salzberg A.
Publisher:
NLM (Medline)
Source:
9276df42-da84-4fd5-89dc-955febeae6c0

200. Reframing the contribution of pelagic Sargassum epiphytic N2 fixation

Title Tesim:
Reframing the contribution of pelagic Sargassum epiphytic N2 fixation
Creator:
Piehler M., Johnson C., and Dubbs L.L.
Date of publication:
2023
Abstract Tesim:
Though nitrogen fixation by epiphytic diazotrophs on pelagic Sargassum has been recognized for decades, it has been assumed to contribute insignificantly to the overall marine nitrogen budget. This six-year study reframes this concept through long-term measurements of Sargassum community nitrogen fixation rates, and by extrapolating mass-specific rates to a theoretical square meter portion of Sargassum mat allowing for comparison of these rates to those of other marine and coastal diazotrophs. On 24 occasions from 2015 to 2021, rates of nitrogen fixation were measured using whole fronds of Sargassum collected from the western edge of the Gulf Stream off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Across all dates, mass-specific rates ranged from 0 to 37.77 μmol N g-1 h-1 with a mean of 4.156 μmol N g-1 h-1. Extrapolating using a mat-specific density of Sargassum, these rates scale to a range of 0 to 30,916 μmol N m-2 d-1 and a mean of 3,697 μmol N m-2 d-1. Quantifying this community’s rates of nitrogen fixation over several years captured the sometimes-extreme variability in rates, characteristic of marine diazotrophs, which has not been reported in the literature to date. When these measurements are considered alongside estimates of the density of pelagic Sargassum, rates of nitrogen fixation by Sargassum’s epiphytic diazotrophs rival that of their coastal macrophyte and planktonic counterparts. Given Sargassum’s wide and expanding geographic range, the results of this study suggest this community may contribute reactive nitrogen on a meaningful, basin-wide scale, which merits further study.
Resource type:
Article
Affiliation Label Tesim:
Department of Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences, Environment, Ecology, and Energy Program - Environmental Science, and UNC Institute for the Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17615/4y03-gp16
Edition:
Publisher
Identifier:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289485
ISSN:
1932-6203
Journal Issue:
8-Aug
Journal Title:
PLoS ONE
Journal Volume:
18
Keyword:
macrophyte, diazotroph, North Carolina, Plankton, article, Gulf stream, nitrogen fixation, nonhuman, Nitrogen Fixation, plankton, Sargassum, Nitrogen, nitrogen, and frond
Language Label:
English
License Label:
Attribution 4.0 International
ORCID:
Other Affiliation:
Person:
Piehler M., Johnson C., and Dubbs L.L.
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Rights Statement Label:
In Copyright
Source:
75894762-9b4c-4143-a687-56209c032dc2