Reuse of Treated Wastewater: Drivers, Regulations, Technologies, Case Studies, and Greater Chicago Area Experiences

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  • Reddy, K.R.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Illinois Chicago
  • Kandou, V.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Illinois Chicago
  • Havrelock, R.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Illinois Chicago
  • El-Khattabi, A.R.
    • Affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • Cordova, T.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Illinois Chicago
  • Wilson, M.D.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Illinois Chicago
  • Nelson, B.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Illinois Chicago
  • Trujillo, C.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Illinois Chicago
Abstract
  • Water reuse is a practical solution to augment water supplies in areas where water resources are increasingly scarce. Water reuse technology is versatile and can be used to alleviate the different causes of water scarcity, such as groundwater depletion or increased availability of brackish water. Treatment technologies can be tailored specifically to the end use of recycled water, focusing on these drivers that are region-specific, for a more cost-effective treatment system. This is called a “Fit-for-Purpose” strategy that is commonly implemented in any water reuse project. However, implementing water reuse can be challenging due to infrastructural requirements, economic issues, and social acceptance. To help navigate these challenges, this article provides a comprehensive review of water reuse cases and presents guidelines that can act as a reference framework for future water reuse projects. This article also makes the case for implementing water reuse in the Greater Chicago area as a means of alleviating pressure on withdrawals from Lake Michigan.
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  • Article
Rights statement
  • In Copyright
License
  • Attribution 4.0 International
Journal title
  • Sustainability (Switzerland)
Journal volume
  • 15
Journal issue
  • 9
Language
  • English
Version
  • Publisher
Funder
  • University of Illinois at Chicago, UIC
ISSN
  • 2071-1050
Publisher
  • MDPI

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