Cognition, Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor Methylation, and Abstinence Duration-Associated Multimodal Brain Networks in Smoking and Long-Term Smoking Cessation

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  • Qi, Shile
    • Other Affiliation: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
  • Fu, Zening
    • Other Affiliation: Georgia State University
  • Wu, Lei
    • Other Affiliation: Georgia State University
  • Calhoun, Vince D.
    • Other Affiliation: Georgia State University
  • Zhang, Daoqiang
    • Other Affiliation: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
  • Daughters, Stacey B.
    • Affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
  • Hsu, Ping-Ching
    • Other Affiliation: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
  • Jiang, Rongtao
    • Other Affiliation: Yale University
  • Vergara, Victor M.
    • Other Affiliation: Georgia State University
  • Sui, Jing
    • Other Affiliation: Beijing Normal University
  • Addicott, Merideth A.
    • Other Affiliation: Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Abstract
  • Cigarette smoking and smoking cessation are associated with changes in cognition and DNA methylation; however, the neurobiological correlates of these effects have not been fully elucidated, especially in long-term cessation. Cognitive performance, percent methylation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) gene, and abstinence duration were used as references to supervise a multimodal fusion analysis of functional, structural, and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, in order to identify associated brain networks in smokers and ex-smokers. Correlations among these networks and with smoking-related measures were performed. Cognition-, methylation-, and abstinence duration-associated networks discriminated between smokers and ex-smokers and correlated with differences in fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFF) values, gray matter volume (GMV), and fractional anisotropy (FA) values. Long-term smoking cessation was associated with more accurate cognitive performance, as well as lower fALFF and more GMV in the hippocampus complex. The methylation- and abstinence duration-associated networks positively correlated with smoking-related measures of abstinence duration and percent methylation, respectively, suggesting they are complementary measures. This analysis revealed structural and functional co-alterations linked to smoking abstinence and cognitive performance in brain regions including the insula, frontal gyri, and lingual gyri. Furthermore, AHRR methylation, a promising epigenetic biomarker of smoking recency, may provide an important complement to self-reported abstinence duration.
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  • Article
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  • In Copyright
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  • Attribution 4.0 International
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  • Frontiers in Neuroscience
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  • 16
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  • English
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  • 1662-453X

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