Two Mutations Were Critical for Bat-to-Human Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus

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  • Yang Yang
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
  • Chang Liu
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
  • Lanying Du
    • Other Affiliation: Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA
  • Shibo Jiang
    • Other Affiliation: Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA ; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
  • Zhengli Shi
    • Other Affiliation: Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
  • Ralph S. Baric
    • Affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
  • Fang Li
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Abstract
  • To understand how Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) transmitted from bats to humans, we compared the virus surface spikes of MERS-CoV and a related bat coronavirus, HKU4. Although HKU4 spike cannot mediate viral entry into human cells, two mutations enabled it to do so by allowing it to be activated by human proteases. These mutations are present in MERS-CoV spike, explaining why MERS-CoV infects human cells. These mutations therefore played critical roles in the bat-to-human transmission of MERS-CoV, either directly or through intermediate hosts.
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  • Article
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  • In Copyright
Journal title
  • Journal of Virology
Journal volume
  • 89
Journal issue
  • 17
Page start
  • 9119
Page end
  • 9123
Language
  • English
ISSN
  • 0022-538X
  • 1098-5514
  • 1070-6321
Publisher
  • American Society for Microbiology

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