Taming the late Quaternary phylogeography of the Eurasiatic wild ass through ancient and modern DNA

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  • Bennett, E. Andrew
    • Other Affiliation: Institut Jacques Monod; UMR7592; CNRS; Université Paris Diderot
  • Champlot, Sophie
    • Other Affiliation: Institut Jacques Monod; UMR7592; CNRS; Université Paris Diderot
  • Peters, Joris
    • Other Affiliation: Institute of Palaeoanatomy; Domestication Research and the History of Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian University
  • Arbuckle, Benjamin S.
    • Affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Anthropology
  • Guimaraes, Silvia
    • Other Affiliation: Institut Jacques Monod; UMR7592; CNRS; Université Paris Diderot
  • Pruvost, Mélanie
    • Other Affiliation: Institut Jacques Monod; CNRS; Université Paris Diderot
  • Bar-David, Shirli
    • Other Affiliation: Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology; Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boqer Campus
  • Davis, Simon J. M.
    • Other Affiliation: Laboratório de Arqueociencias; (DGPC)
  • Gautier, Mathieu
    • Other Affiliation: Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (CBGP)
  • Kaczensky, Petra
    • Other Affiliation: Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology; University of Veterinary Medicine
  • Kuehn, Ralph
    • Other Affiliation: Technische Universität München; AG Molekulare Zoologie; Lehrstuhl für Zoologie
  • Mashkour, Marjan
    • Other Affiliation: CNRS; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle; UMR 7209; Archéozoologie; Archéobotanique: Sociétés; Pratiques et Environnements; Département Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité
  • Morales-Muñiz, Arturo
    • Other Affiliation: Laboratory of Archaeozoology; Dept. Biologia; Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
  • Pucher, Erich
    • Other Affiliation: Naturhistorisches Museum
  • Tournepiche, Jean-François
    • Other Affiliation: Musée d'Angouleme
  • Uerpmann, Hans-Peter
    • Other Affiliation: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen; Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters; Abteilung Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie; Zentrum für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie
  • Bǎlǎşescu, Adrian
    • Other Affiliation: National History Museum of Romania; National Centre of Pluridisciplinary Research
  • Germonpré, Mietje
    • Other Affiliation: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Earth and History of Life
  • Gündem, Can Y.
    • Other Affiliation: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen; Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters; Abteilung Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie; Zentrum für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie
  • Hemami, Mahmoud-Reza
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Natural Resources; Isfahan University of Technology
  • Moullé, Pierre-Elie
    • Other Affiliation: Musée de Pré Histoire Régionale
  • Ötzan, Aliye
    • Other Affiliation: Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coǧrafya Fakültesi
  • Uerpmann, Margarete
    • Other Affiliation: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen; Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters; Abteilung Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie; Zentrum für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie
  • Walzer, Chris
    • Other Affiliation: Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology; University of Veterinary Medicine
  • Grange, Thierry
    • Other Affiliation: Institut Jacques Monod; UMR7592; CNRS; Université Paris Diderot
  • Geigl, Eva-Maria
    • Other Affiliation: Institut Jacques Monod; UMR7592; CNRS; Université Paris Diderot
Abstract
  • Taxonomic over-splitting of extinct or endangered taxa, due to an incomplete knowledge of both skeletal morphological variability and the geographical ranges of past populations, continues to confuse the link between isolated extant populations and their ancestors. This is particularly problematic with the genus Equus. To more reliably determine the evolution and phylogeographic history of the endangered Asiatic wild ass, we studied the genetic diversity and inter-relationships of both extinct and extant populations over the last 100,000 years, including samples throughout its previous range from Western Europe to Southwest and East Asia. Using 229 bp of the mitochondrial hypervariable region, an approach which allowed the inclusion of information from extremely poorly preserved ancient samples, we classify all non-African wild asses into eleven clades that show a clear phylogeographic structure revealing their phylogenetic history. This study places the extinct European wild ass, E. hydruntinus, the phylogeny of which has been debated since the end of the 19th century, into its phylogenetic context within the Asiatic wild asses and reveals recent mitochondrial introgression between populations currently regarded as separate species. The phylogeographic organization of clades resulting from these efforts can be used not only to improve future taxonomic determination of a poorly characterized group of equids, but also to identify historic ranges, interbreeding events between various populations, and the impact of ancient climatic changes. In addition, appropriately placing extant relict populations into a broader phylogeographic and genetic context can better inform ongoing conservation strategies for this highly-endangered species.
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  • Article
Rights statement
  • In Copyright
Journal title
  • PloS One
Journal volume
  • 12
Journal issue
  • 4
Page start
  • e0174216
Language
  • English
ISSN
  • 1932-6203

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