Resting-state fMRI in sleeping infants more closely resembles adult sleep than adult wakefulness

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  • Mitra, Anish
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Radiology; Washington University School of Medicine
  • Snyder, Abraham Z.
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Neurology; Washington University School of Medicine
  • Tagliazucchi, Enzo
    • Other Affiliation: Departamento de Fisica; Universidad de Buenos Aires
  • Laufs, Helmut
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Neurology; Christian-Albrechts-University
  • Elison, Jed
    • Other Affiliation: University of Minnesota
  • Emerson, Robert W.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
  • Shen, Mark D.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
  • Wolff, Jason J.
    • Other Affiliation: Institute of Child Development; University of Minnesota
  • Botteron, Kelly N.
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Radiology; Washington University School of Medicine
  • Dager, Stephen
    • Other Affiliation: University of Washington
  • Estes, Annette M.
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Psychology; University of Washington
  • Evans,
    • Other Affiliation: Data Coordinating Center; Montreal Neurological Institute
  • Gerig, Guido
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Psychiatry; New York University
  • Hazlett, Heather C.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
    • Other Affiliation: IBIS Network PI
  • Paterson, Sarah J.
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Pediatrics; University of Pennsylvania
  • Schultz, Robert T.
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Pediatrics; University of Pennsylvania
  • Styner, Martin A.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
  • Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Pediatrics; University of Alberta
  • Chappell,
    • Other Affiliation: IBIS Network PI
  • Estes,
    • Other Affiliation: University of Washington
  • Shaw,
    • Other Affiliation: University of Washington
  • Botteron,
    • Other Affiliation: Washington University
  • McKinstry,
    • Other Affiliation: Washington University
  • Constantino,
    • Other Affiliation: Washington University
  • Pruett,
    • Other Affiliation: Washington University
  • Schultz,
    • Other Affiliation: Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
  • Paterson,
    • Other Affiliation: Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
  • Collins,
    • Other Affiliation: Data Coordinating Center; Montreal Neurological Institute
  • Pike,
    • Other Affiliation: Data Coordinating Center; Montreal Neurological Institute
  • Fonov,
    • Other Affiliation: Data Coordinating Center; Montreal Neurological Institute
  • Kostopoulos,
    • Other Affiliation: Data Coordinating Center; Montreal Neurological Institute
  • Das,
    • Other Affiliation: Data Coordinating Center; Montreal Neurological Institute
  • Styner,
    • Other Affiliation: University of North Carolina
  • Gu,
    • Other Affiliation: Statistical Analysis Core
  • Schlaggar, Bradley L.
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Neurology; Washington University School of Medicine
  • Piven, Joseph
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
    • Other Affiliation: University of North Carolina
  • Pruett, John R.
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Psychiatry; Washington University School of Medicine
  • Raichle, Marcus
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Neurology; Washington University School of Medicine
Abstract
  • Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in infants enables important studies of functional brain organization early in human development. However, rs-fMRI in infants has universally been obtained during sleep to reduce participant motion artifact, raising the question of whether differences in functional organization between awake adults and sleeping infants that are commonly attributed to development may instead derive, at least in part, from sleep. This question is especially important as rs-fMRI differences in adult wake vs. sleep are well documented. To investigate this question, we compared functional connectivity and BOLD signal propagation patterns in 6, 12, and 24 month old sleeping infants with patterns in adult wakefulness and non-REM sleep. We find that important functional connectivity features seen during infant sleep closely resemble those seen during adult sleep, including reduced default mode network functional connectivity. However, we also find differences between infant and adult sleep, especially in thalamic BOLD signal propagation patterns. These findings highlight the importance of considering sleep state when drawing developmental inferences in infant rs-fMRI.
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  • Article
Rights statement
  • In Copyright
Journal title
  • PloS One
Journal volume
  • 12
Journal issue
  • 11
Page start
  • e0188122
Language
  • English
ISSN
  • 1932-6203

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