Individuals with obesity and COVID-19: A global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships

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  • Popkin, Barry M.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition
  • Du, Shufa
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition
  • Green, William D.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition
  • Beck, Melinda A.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition
  • Algaith, Taghred
    • Other Affiliation: Saudi Health Council
  • Herbst, Christopher H.
    • Other Affiliation: The World Bank
  • Alsukait, Reem F.
    • Other Affiliation: The World Bank
  • Alluhidan, Mohammed
    • Other Affiliation: Saudi Health Council
  • Alazemi, Nahar
    • Other Affiliation: Saudi Health Council
  • Shekar, Meera
    • Other Affiliation: The World Bank
Abstract
  • The linkage of individuals with obesity and COVID-19 is controversial and lacks systematic reviews. After a systematic search of the Chinese and English language literature on COVID-19, 75 studies were used to conduct a series of meta-analyses on the relationship of individuals with obesity–COVID-19 over the full spectrum from risk to mortality. A systematic review of the mechanistic pathways for COVID-19 and individuals with obesity is presented. Pooled analysis show individuals with obesity were more at risk for COVID-19 positive, >46.0% higher (OR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.30–1.65; p < 0.0001); for hospitalization, 113% higher (OR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.74–2.60; p < 0.0001); for ICU admission, 74% higher (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.46–2.08); and for mortality, 48% increase in deaths (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.22–1.80; p < 0.001). Mechanistic pathways for individuals with obesity are presented in depth for factors linked with COVID-19 risk, severity and their potential for diminished therapeutic and prophylactic treatments among these individuals. Individuals with obesity are linked with large significant increases in morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. There are many mechanisms that jointly explain this impact. A major concern is that vaccines will be less effective for the individuals with obesity.
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  • Article
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  • In Copyright
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  • Attribution 3.0 United States
Journal title
  • Obesity Reviews
Journal volume
  • 21
Journal issue
  • 11
Page start
  • e13128
ISSN
  • 1467-789X

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