Racial disparities in COVID-19 test positivity among people living with HIV in the United States

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  • Islam, J.Y.
    • Other Affiliation: H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
  • Madhira, V.
    • Other Affiliation: Palila Software
  • Sun, J.
    • Other Affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
  • Olex, A.
    • Other Affiliation: Virginia Commonwealth University
  • Franceschini, N.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health
  • Kirk, G.
    • Other Affiliation: Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
  • Patel, R.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Washington
Abstract
  • Objective: This study aimed to compare COVID-19 positivity by HIV status and race/ethnicity using data from the U.S. National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). Methods: The N3C cohort (≥ 18 years) includes patients with any encounter after 1/1/2020 with SARS-CoV-2 laboratory tests. Detailed electronic medical records are centralized and harmonized across health-care organizations (34 sites). COVID-19 diagnosis was defined by RT-PCR or antibody testing. HIV infection was defined by standard diagnostic codes within 2 years prior to COVID-19 testing. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were utilized to compare COVID-19 positivity and HIV status by patient’s race/ethnicity. Results: Over 2.1 million patients were captured in the N3C as of 01/29/2021, of whom 372,716 (15%) were positive for COVID-19; 17,820 (0.7%) were PLWH of whom 2428 (13.6%) tested positive for COVID-19. COVID-19 positive PLWH were more likely to be 30+ years of age (90% vs. 70%; χ2p < 0.001), male (67% vs. 46%, χ2p < 0.001), and Black (44% vs. 15%, χ2p < 0.001) compared to HIV-negative patients. Compared to non-Hispanic/Latinx (NH)-White PLWH, NH-Black (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.37–1.86), Latinx (aOR: 2.17, 95% CI: 1.68–2.83), and NH-Asian (aOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.30–3.63) PLWH were more likely to have COVID-19 after adjustment for age, sex, and CharlsonDeyo comorbidity score. Conclusion: PLWH and minoritized communities, including NH-Black and Latinx or Hispanic adults, appear to be disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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  • Article
Rights statement
  • In Copyright
Journal title
  • International Journal of STD and AIDS
Journal volume
  • 33
Journal issue
  • 5
Page start
  • 462
Page end
  • 466
Language
  • English
Funder
  • National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS: U24 TR002306
ISSN
  • 0956-4624
Publisher
  • SAGE Publications Ltd

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