New Opportunities and Untapped Scientific Potential in the Abyssal Ocean

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  • Marlow, J.J.
    • Other Affiliation: Boston University
  • Anderson, R.E.
    • Other Affiliation: Carleton College
  • Reysenbach, A.-L.
    • Other Affiliation: Portland State University
  • Seewald, J.S.
    • Other Affiliation: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  • Shank, T.M.
    • Other Affiliation: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
  • Teske, A.P.
    • Affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Earth, Marine and Environmental Sciences
  • Wanless, V.D.
    • Other Affiliation: Boise State University
  • Soule, S.A.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Rhode Island
Abstract
  • The abyssal ocean covers more than half of the Earth’s surface, yet remains understudied and underappreciated. In this Perspectives article, we mark the occasion of the Deep Submergence Vehicle Alvin’s increased depth range (from 4500 to 6500 m) to highlight the scientific potential of the abyssal seafloor. From a geologic perspective, ultra-slow spreading mid-ocean ridges, Petit Spot volcanism, transform faults, and subduction zones put the full life cycle of oceanic crust on display in the abyss, revealing constructive and destructive forces over wide ranges in time and space. Geochemically, the abyssal pressure regime influences the solubility of constituents such as silica and carbonate, and extremely high-temperature fluid-rock reactions in the shallow subsurface lead to distinctive and potentially unique geochemical profiles. Microbial residents range from low-abundance, low-energy communities on the abyssal plains to fast growing thermophiles at hydrothermal vents. Given its spatial extent and position as an intermediate zone between coastal and deep hadal settings, the abyss represents a lynchpin in global-scale processes such as nutrient and energy flux, population structure, and biogeographic diversity. Taken together, the abyssal ocean contributes critical ecosystem services while facing acute and diffuse anthropogenic threats from deep-sea mining, pollution, and climate change.
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  • Article
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  • In Copyright
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  • Attribution 4.0 International
Journal title
  • Frontiers in Marine Science
Journal volume
  • 8
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  • English
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  • Publisher
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  • 2296-7745
Publisher
  • Frontiers Media S.A.

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