Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses

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  • Sheahan, Timothy P.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • Sims, Amy C.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • Graham, Rachel L.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • Menachery, Vineet D.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • Gralinski, Lisa E.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • Case, James B.
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Pathology; Microbiology; and Immunology; Vanderbilt University Medical Center
  • Leist, Sarah R.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • Pyrc, Krzysztof
    • Other Affiliation: Department of Microbiology; Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics; and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University
  • Feng, Joy Y.
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Trantcheva, Iva
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Bannister, Roy
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Park, Yeojin
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Babusis, Darius
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Clarke, Michael O.
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • MacKman, Richard L.
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Spahn, Jamie E.
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Palmiotti, Christopher A.
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Siegel, Dustin
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Ray, Adrian S.
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Cihlar, Tomas
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Jordan, Robert
    • Other Affiliation: Gilead Sciences Inc.
  • Denison, Mark R.
    • Other Affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Pediatrics; Vanderbilt University Medical Center
  • Baric, Ralph S.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
Abstract
  • Emerging viral infections are difficult to control as heterogeneous members periodically cycle in and out of humans and zoonotic hosts, complicating the development of specific antiviral therapies and vaccines. Coronaviruses (CoVs) have a proclivity to spread rapidly into new host species causing severe disease. SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV successively emerged causing severe epidemic respiratory disease in immunologically naïve human populations throughout the globe. Broad-spectrum therapies capable of inhibiting CoV infections would address an immediate unmet medical need and could be invaluable in the treatment of emerging and endemic CoV infections. Here we show that a nucleotide prodrug GS-5734, currently in clinical development for treatment of Ebola virus disease, can inhibit SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV replication in multiple in vitro systems including primary human airway epithelial cell cultures with submicromolar IC50 values. GS-5734 was also effective against bat-CoVs, prepandemic bat-CoVs and circulating contemporary human CoV in primary human lung cells, thus demonstrating broad-spectrum anti-CoV activity. In a mouse model of SARS-CoV pathogenesis, prophylactic and early therapeutic administration of GS-5734 significantly reduced lung viral load and improved clinical signs of disease as well as respiratory functions. These data provide substantive evidence that GS-5734 may prove effective against endemic MERS-CoV in the Middle East, circulating human CoV, and possibly most importantly, emerging CoV of the future.
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  • Article
Rights statement
  • In Copyright
Journal title
  • Science Translational Medicine
Journal volume
  • 9
Journal issue
  • 396
Page start
  • eaal3653
Language
  • English
ISSN
  • 1946-6242
  • 1946-6234

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