Distinct Microbial Signatures between Periodontal Profile Classes

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  • Marchesan, J.T.
    • Adams School of Dentistry
  • Moss, K.
    • Adams School of Dentistry
  • Morelli, T.
    • Adams School of Dentistry
  • Teles, F.R.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Pennsylvania
  • Divaris, K.
    • Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • Styner, M.
    • Adams School of Dentistry
  • Ribeiro, A.A.
    • Adams School of Dentistry
  • Webster-Cyriaque, J.
    • Adams School of Dentistry
  • Beck, J.
    • Adams School of Dentistry
Abstract
  • Precise classification of periodontal disease has been the objective of concerted efforts and has led to the introduction of new consensus-based and data-driven classifications. The purpose of this study was to characterize the microbiological signatures of a latent class analysis (LCA)–derived periodontal stratification system, the Periodontal Profile Class (PPC) taxonomy. We used demographic, microbial (subgingival biofilm composition), and immunological data (serum IgG antibody levels, obtained with checkerboard immunoblotting technique) for 1,450 adult participants of the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, with already generated PPC classifications. Analyses relied on t tests and generalized linear models with Bonferroni correction. Men and African Americans had higher systemic antibody levels against most microorganisms compared to women and Caucasians (P < 0.05). Healthy individuals (PPC-I) had low levels of biofilm bacteria and serum IgG levels against most periodontal pathogens (P < 0.05). Subjects with mild to moderate disease (PPC-II to PPC-III) showed mild/moderate colonization of multiple biofilm pathogens. Individuals with severe disease (PPC-IV) had moderate/high levels of biofilm pathogens and antibody levels for orange/red complexes. High gingival index individuals (PPC-V) showed moderate/high levels of biofilm Campylobacter rectus and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Biofilm composition in individuals with reduced periodontium (PPC-VI) was similar to health but showed moderate to high antibody responses. Those with severe tooth loss (PPC-VII) had significantly high levels of multiple biofilm pathogens, while the systemic antibody response to these microorganisms was comparable to health. The results support a biologic basis for elevated risk for periodontal disease in men and African Americans. Periodontally healthy individuals showed a low biofilm pathogen and low systemic antibody burden. In the presence of PPC disease, a microbial-host imbalance characterized by higher microbial biofilm colonization and/or systemic IgG responses was identified. These results support the notion that subgroups identified by the PPC system present distinct microbial profiles and may be useful in designing future precise biological treatment interventions.
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  • Article
Rights statement
  • In Copyright
License
  • Attribution 4.0 International
Journal title
  • Journal of Dental Research
Journal volume
  • 100
Journal issue
  • 12
Page start
  • 1405
Page end
  • 1413
Language
  • English
Version
  • Publisher
Funder
  • National Institutes of Health, NIH: K01DE027087, K23DE025093; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS: HHSN2682 01700002I, HHSN268201700001I, HHSN268201700003I, HHSN268201700004I, HHSN268201700005I; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI
ISSN
  • 0022-0345
Publisher
  • SAGE Publications Inc.

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