The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes
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Librado, P, et al. The Origins and Spread of Domestic Horses From the Western Eurasian Steppes. Nature Research, 2021. https://doi.org/10.17615/1gn7-jw41APA
Librado, P., Khan, N., Fages, A., Kusliy, M., Suchan, T., Tonasso Calvière, L., Schiavinato, S., Alioglu, D., Fromentier, A., Perdereau, A., Aury, J., Gaunitz, C., Chauvey, L., Seguin Orlando, A., Der Sarkissian, C., Southon, J., Shapiro, B., Tishkin, A., Kovalev, A., Alquraishi, S., Alfarhan, A., Al Rasheid, K., Seregély, T., Klassen, L., Iversen, R., Bignon Lau, O., Bodu, P., Olive, M., Castel, J., Boudadi Maligne, M., Alvarez, N., Germonpré, M., Moskal Del Hoyo, M., Wilczyński, J., Pospuła, S., Lasota Kuś, A., Tunia, K., Nowak, M., Rannamäe, E., Saarma, U., Boeskorov, G., Lōugas, L., Kyselý, R., Peške, L., Bălășescu, A., Dumitrașcu, V., Dobrescu, R., Gerber, D., Kiss, V., Szécsényi Nagy, A., Mende, B., Gallina, Z., Somogyi, K., Kulcsár, G., Gál, E., Bendrey, R., Allentoft, M., Sirbu, G., Dergachev, V., Shephard, H., Tomadini, N., Grouard, S., Kasparov, A., Basilyan, A., Anisimov, M., Nikolskiy, P., Pavlova, E., Pitulko, V., Brem, G., Wallner, B., Schwall, C., Keller, M., Kitagawa, K., Bessudnov, A., Bessudnov, A., Taylor, W., Magail, J., Gantulga, J., Bayarsaikhan, J., Erdenebaatar, D., Tabaldiev, K., Mijiddorj, E., Boldgiv, B., Tsagaan, T., Pruvost, M., Olsen, S., Makarewicz, C., Valenzuela Lamas, S., Albizuri Canadell, S., Nieto Espinet, A., Iborra, M., Lira Garrido, J., Rodríguez González, E., Celestino, S., Olària, C., Arsuaga, J., Kotova, N., Pryor, A., Crabtree, P., Zhumatayev, R., Toleubaev, A., Morgunova, N., Kuznetsova, T., Lordkipanize, D., Marzullo, M., Prato, O., Bagnasco Gianni, G., Tecchiati, U., Clavel, B., Lepetz, S., Davoudi, H., Mashkour, M., Berezina, N., Stockhammer, P., Krause, J., Haak, W., Morales Muñiz, A., Benecke, N., Hofreiter, M., Ludwig, A., Graphodatsky, A., Peters, J., Kiryushin, K., Iderkhangai, T., Bokovenko, N., Vasiliev, S., Seregin, N., Chugunov, K., Plasteeva, N., Baryshnikov, G., Petrova, E., Sablin, M., Ananyevskaya, E., Logvin, A., Shevnina, I., Logvin, V., Kalieva, S., Loman, V., Kukushkin, I., Merz, I., Merz, V., Sakenov, S., Varfolomeyev, V., Usmanova, E., Zaibert, V., Arbuckle, B., Belinskiy, A., Kalmykov, A., Reinhold, S., Hansen, S., Yudin, A., Vybornov, A., Epimakhov, A., Berezina, N., Roslyakova, N., Kosintsev, P., Kuznetsov, P., Anthony, D., Kroonen, G., Kristiansen, K., Wincker, P., Outram, A., & Orlando, L. (2021). The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes. Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.17615/1gn7-jw41Chicago
Librado, P., N Khan, A Fages, M.A Kusliy, T Suchan, L Tonasso Calvière, S Schiavinato et al. 2021. The Origins and Spread of Domestic Horses From the Western Eurasian Steppes. Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.17615/1gn7-jw41- Creator
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Librado, P.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Khan, N.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Fages, A.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Kusliy, M.A.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Suchan, T.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Tonasso-Calvière, L.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Schiavinato, S.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Alioglu, D.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Fromentier, A.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Perdereau, A.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paris-Saclay
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Aury, J.-M.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paris-Saclay
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Gaunitz, C.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Chauvey, L.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Seguin-Orlando, A.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Der Sarkissian, C.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Southon, J.
- Other Affiliation: University of California, Irvine
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Shapiro, B.
- Other Affiliation: University of California, Santa Cruz
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Tishkin, A.A.
- Other Affiliation: Altai State University
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Kovalev, A.A.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Alquraishi, S.
- Other Affiliation: King Saud University
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Alfarhan, A.H.
- Other Affiliation: King Saud University
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Al-Rasheid, K.A.S.
- Other Affiliation: King Saud University
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Seregély, T.
- Other Affiliation: University of Bamberg
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Klassen, L.
- Other Affiliation: Museum Østjylland
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Iversen, R.
- Other Affiliation: University of Copenhagen
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Bignon-Lau, O.
- Other Affiliation: CNRS
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Bodu, P.
- Other Affiliation: CNRS
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Olive, M.
- Other Affiliation: CNRS
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Castel, J.-C.
- Other Affiliation: Muséum d'histoire naturelle
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Boudadi-Maligne, M.
- Other Affiliation: Université de Bordeaux
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Alvarez, N.
- Other Affiliation: University of Geneva
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Germonpré, M.
- Other Affiliation: Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
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Moskal-del Hoyo, M.
- Other Affiliation: Polish Academy of Sciences
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Wilczyński, J.
- Other Affiliation: Polish Academy of Sciences
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Pospuła, S.
- Other Affiliation: Polish Academy of Sciences
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Lasota-Kuś, A.
- Other Affiliation: Polish Academy of Sciences
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Tunia, K.
- Other Affiliation: Polish Academy of Sciences
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Nowak, M.
- Other Affiliation: Jagiellonian University
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Rannamäe, E.
- Other Affiliation: Institute of History and Archaeology
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Saarma, U.
- Other Affiliation: University of Tartu
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Boeskorov, G.
- Other Affiliation: Diamond and Precious Metals Geology Institute
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Lōugas, L.
- Other Affiliation: Tallinn University
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Kyselý, R.
- Other Affiliation: Czech Academy of Sciences
- Peške, L.
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Bălășescu, A.
- Other Affiliation: Romanian Academy
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Dumitrașcu, V.
- Other Affiliation: Romanian Academy
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Dobrescu, R.
- Other Affiliation: Romanian Academy
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Gerber, D.
- Other Affiliation: Eötvös Loránd University
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Kiss, V.
- Other Affiliation: Eötvös Loránd Research Network
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Szécsényi-Nagy, A.
- Other Affiliation: Eötvös Loránd Research Network
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Mende, B.G.
- Other Affiliation: Eötvös Loránd Research Network
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Gallina, Z.
- Other Affiliation: Ásatárs Ltd.
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Somogyi, K.
- Other Affiliation: Rippl-Rónai Municipal Museum with Country Scope
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Kulcsár, G.
- Other Affiliation: Eötvös Loránd Research Network
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Gál, E.
- Other Affiliation: Eötvös Loránd Research Network
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Bendrey, R.
- Other Affiliation: University of Edinburgh
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Allentoft, M.E.
- Other Affiliation: Curtin University
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Sirbu, G.
- Other Affiliation: Academy of Science of Moldova
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Dergachev, V.
- Other Affiliation: Academy of Science of Moldova
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Shephard, H.
- Other Affiliation: Archaeological Institute of America
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Tomadini, N.
- Other Affiliation: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
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Grouard, S.e
- Other Affiliation: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
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Kasparov, A.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Basilyan, A.E.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Anisimov, M.A.
- Other Affiliation: Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
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Nikolskiy, P.A.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Pavlova, E.Y.
- Other Affiliation: Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
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Pitulko, V.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Brem, G.
- Other Affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
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Wallner, B.
- Other Affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
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Schwall, C.
- Other Affiliation: Austrian Academy of Sciences
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Keller, M.
- Other Affiliation: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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Kitagawa, K.
- Other Affiliation: University of Tübingen
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Bessudnov, A.N.
- Other Affiliation: Semenov-Tyan-Shanskii Lipetsk State Pedagogical University
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Bessudnov, A.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Taylor, W.
- Other Affiliation: University of Colorado-Boulder
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Magail, J.
- Other Affiliation: Musée d'Anthropologie préhistorique de Monaco
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Gantulga, J.-O.
- Other Affiliation: Mongolian Academy of Sciences
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Bayarsaikhan, J.
- Other Affiliation: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
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Erdenebaatar, D.
- Other Affiliation: Ulaanbaatar State University
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Tabaldiev, K.
- Other Affiliation: Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University
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Mijiddorj, E.
- Other Affiliation: Ulaanbaatar State University
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Boldgiv, B.
- Other Affiliation: National University of Mongolia
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Tsagaan, T.
- Other Affiliation: Mongolian Academy of Sciences
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Pruvost, M.
- Other Affiliation: Université de Bordeaux
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Olsen, S.
- Other Affiliation: University of Kansas
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Makarewicz, C.A.
- Other Affiliation: Kiel University
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Valenzuela Lamas, S.
- Other Affiliation: Institució Milà i Fontanals d'Humanitats
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Albizuri Canadell, S.
- Other Affiliation: Universitat de Barcelona
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Nieto Espinet, A.
- Other Affiliation: Universitat de Lleida
- Iborra, M.P.
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Lira Garrido, J.
- Other Affiliation: Universidad de Extremadura
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Rodríguez González, E.
- Other Affiliation: Instituto de Arqueología (CSIC–Junta de Extremadura)
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Celestino, S.
- Other Affiliation: Instituto de Arqueología (CSIC–Junta de Extremadura)
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Olària, C.
- Other Affiliation: Universitat Jaume I
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Arsuaga, J.L.
- Other Affiliation: Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Kotova, N.
- Other Affiliation: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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Pryor, A.
- Other Affiliation: University of Exeter
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Crabtree, P.
- Other Affiliation: New York University
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Zhumatayev, R.
- Other Affiliation: Al Farabi Kazakh National University
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Toleubaev, A.
- Other Affiliation: Al Farabi Kazakh National University
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Morgunova, N.L.
- Other Affiliation: Orenburg State Pedagogical University
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Kuznetsova, T.
- Other Affiliation: Kazan Federal University
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Lordkipanize, D.
- Other Affiliation: Tbilisi State University
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Marzullo, M.
- Other Affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano
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Prato, O.
- Other Affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano
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Bagnasco Gianni, G.
- Other Affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano
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Tecchiati, U.
- Other Affiliation: Università degli Studi di Milano
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Clavel, B.
- Other Affiliation: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
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Lepetz, S.
- Other Affiliation: Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
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Davoudi, H.
- Other Affiliation: University of Tehran
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Mashkour, M.
- Other Affiliation: University of Tehran
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Berezina, N.Y.
- Other Affiliation: Lomonosov Moscow State University
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Stockhammer, P.W.
- Other Affiliation: Ludwig Maximilian University
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Krause, J.
- Other Affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
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Haak, W.
- Other Affiliation: University of Adelaide
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Morales-Muñiz, A.
- Other Affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
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Benecke, N.
- Other Affiliation: German Archaeological Institute
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Hofreiter, M.
- Other Affiliation: University of Potsdam
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Ludwig, A.
- Other Affiliation: Humboldt University Berlin
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Graphodatsky, A.S.
- Other Affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS
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Peters, J.
- Other Affiliation: LMU Munich
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Kiryushin, K.Y.
- Other Affiliation: Altai State University
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Iderkhangai, T.-O.
- Other Affiliation: Ulaanbaatar State University
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Bokovenko, N.A.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Vasiliev, S.K.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Seregin, N.N.
- Other Affiliation: Altai State University
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Chugunov, K.V.
- Other Affiliation: State Hermitage Museum
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Plasteeva, N.A.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Baryshnikov, G.F.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Petrova, E.
- Other Affiliation: Vilnius University
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Sablin, M.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Ananyevskaya, E.
- Other Affiliation: Vilnius University
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Logvin, A.
- Other Affiliation: Kostanay State University
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Shevnina, I.
- Other Affiliation: Kostanay State University
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Logvin, V.
- Other Affiliation: Surgut Governmental University
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Kalieva, S.
- Other Affiliation: Surgut Governmental University
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Loman, V.
- Other Affiliation: Buketov Karaganda University
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Kukushkin, I.
- Other Affiliation: Buketov Karaganda University
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Merz, I.
- Other Affiliation: Toraighyrov University
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Merz, V.
- Other Affiliation: Toraighyrov University
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Sakenov, S.
- Other Affiliation: L. N. Gumilev Eurasian National University
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Varfolomeyev, V.
- Other Affiliation: Buketov Karaganda University
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Usmanova, E.
- Other Affiliation: Buketov Karaganda University
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Zaibert, V.
- Other Affiliation: Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
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Arbuckle, B.
- College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Anthropology
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Belinskiy, A.B.
- Other Affiliation: Nasledie Cultural Heritage Unit
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Kalmykov, A.
- Other Affiliation: Nasledie Cultural Heritage Unit
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Reinhold, S.
- Other Affiliation: German Archaeological Institute
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Hansen, S.
- Other Affiliation: German Archaeological Institute
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Yudin, A.I.
- Other Affiliation: Research Center for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage
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Vybornov, A.A.
- Other Affiliation: Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education
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Epimakhov, A.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Berezina, N.S.
- Other Affiliation: Chuvash State Institute of Humanities
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Roslyakova, N.
- Other Affiliation: Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education
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Kosintsev, P.A.
- Other Affiliation: Russian Academy of Sciences
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Kuznetsov, P.F.
- Other Affiliation: Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education
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Anthony, D.
- Other Affiliation: Harvard University
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Kroonen, G.J.
- Other Affiliation: Leiden University
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Kristiansen, K.
- Other Affiliation: University of Gothenburg
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Wincker, P.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paris-Saclay
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Outram, A.
- Other Affiliation: University of Exeter
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Orlando, L.
- Other Affiliation: Université Paul Sabatier
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Librado, P.
- Abstract
- Domestication of horses fundamentally transformed long-range mobility and warfare. However, modern domesticated breeds do not descend from the earliest domestic horse lineage associated with archaeological evidence of bridling, milking and corralling at Botai, Central Asia around 3500 bc. Other longstanding candidate regions for horse domestication, such as Iberia and Anatolia, have also recently been challenged. Thus, the genetic, geographic and temporal origins of modern domestic horses have remained unknown. Here we pinpoint the Western Eurasian steppes, especially the lower Volga-Don region, as the homeland of modern domestic horses. Furthermore, we map the population changes accompanying domestication from 273 ancient horse genomes. This reveals that modern domestic horses ultimately replaced almost all other local populations as they expanded rapidly across Eurasia from about 2000 bc, synchronously with equestrian material culture, including Sintashta spoke-wheeled chariots. We find that equestrianism involved strong selection for critical locomotor and behavioural adaptations at the GSDMC and ZFPM1 genes. Our results reject the commonly held association between horseback riding and the massive expansion of Yamnaya steppe pastoralists into Europe around 3000 bc driving the spread of Indo-European languages. This contrasts with the scenario in Asia where Indo-Iranian languages, chariots and horses spread together, following the early second millennium bc Sintashta culture.
- Date of publication
- 2021
- Keyword
- DOI
- Identifier
- Resource type
- Article
- Rights statement
- In Copyright
- License
- Attribution 4.0 International
- Journal title
- Nature
- Journal volume
- 598
- Journal issue
- 7882
- Page start
- 634
- Page end
- 640
- Language
- English
- Version
- Publisher
- ISSN
- 0028-0836
- Publisher
- Nature Research
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