Lessons learned in infection prevention for Ebola virus disease and the CoVID-19 pandemic-Principles underlying prevention

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  • Shenoy, E.S.
    • Other Affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital
  • Weber, D.J.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases
Abstract
  • Delivery of care to patients with highly communicable diseases balances the potential risk of transmission from the patient-to-healthcare personnel (HCP) with the risks to the patient of delayed or reduced access to needed interventions. The risk of transmission to HCP depends on many factors, described by the chain of transmission, and include the establishment of a reservoir (human, animal, inanimate environment), exit of the infectious agent from the reservoir and survival in the environment, with transmission by direct or indirect contact, droplet, airborne modes or combinations of these modes, and finally entry of the infectious agent via a portal of entry to a susceptible host at an inoculum sufficient to establish infection. Efforts to prevent transmission in healthcare settings—between patients, visitors, and HCP—are all aimed at interrupting the chain of transmission and include, in addition to correct and consistent use of personal protective equipment (PPE) plus rapid institution of appropriate isolation precautions as indicated by the mode of transmission, multiple other interventions that minimize the risk of nosocomial transmission, often framed as part of the Hierarchy of Controls applied to HCP safety, but also with applications for reducing overall risk of transmission to patients and visitors.
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  • Article
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  • In Copyright
Journal title
  • Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology
Language
  • English
ISSN
  • 0899-823X
Publisher
  • Cambridge University Press

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