Recurrent plasmodium falciparum malaria infections in kenyan children diminish t-cell immunity to epstein barr virus lytic but not latent antigens

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  • Snider, C.J.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • Cole, S.R.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • Chelimo, K.
    • Other Affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute
  • Sumba, P.O.
    • Other Affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute
  • MacDonald, P.D.M.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • John, C.C.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Minnesota Medical School
  • Meshnick, S.R.
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology
  • Moormann, A.M.
    • Other Affiliation: Case Western Reserve University
Abstract
  • Plasmodium falciparum malaria (Pf-malaria) and Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) infections coexist in children at risk for endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL); yet studies have only glimpsed the cumulative effect of Pf-malaria on EBV-specific immunity. Using pooled EBV lytic and latent CD8+ T-cell epitope-peptides, IFN-γ ELISPOT responses were surveyed three times among children (10 months to 15 years) in Kenya from 2002–2004. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated in association with Pf-malaria exposure, defined at the district-level (Kisumu: holoendemic; Nandi: hypoendemic) and the individual-level. We observed a 46% decrease in positive EBV lytic antigen IFN-γ responses among 5–9 year olds residing in Kisumu compared to Nandi (PR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30–0.99). Individual-level analysis in Kisumu revealed further impairment of EBV lytic antigen responses among 5–9 year olds consistently infected with Pf-malaria compared to those never infected. There were no observed district- or individual-level differences between Pf-malaria exposure and EBV latent antigen IFN-γ response. The gradual decrease of EBV lytic antigen but not latent antigen IFN-γ responses after primary infection suggests a specific loss in immunological control over the lytic cycle in children residing in malaria holoendemic areas, further refining our understanding of eBL etiology.
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  • Article
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  • In Copyright
Journal title
  • PLoS ONE
Journal volume
  • 7
Journal issue
  • 3
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Language
  • English
ISSN
  • 1932-6203

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