Novel virus-like nanoparticle vaccine effectively protects animal model from SARS-CoV-2 infection

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  • Geng, Qibin
    • Other Affiliation: University of Minnesota
  • Tai, Wanbo
    • Other Affiliation: New York Blood Center
  • Baxter, Victoria K.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
  • Shi, Juan
    • Other Affiliation: New York Blood Center
  • Wan, Yushun
    • Other Affiliation: University of Minnesota
  • Zhang, Xiujuan
    • Other Affiliation: New York Blood Center
  • Montgomery, Stephanie A.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
  • Taft-Benz, Sharon A.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
  • Anderson, Elizabeth J.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Comparative Medicine
  • Knight, Audrey C.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Comparative Medicine
  • Dinnon III, Kenneth H.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
  • Leist, Sarah R.
    • Affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
  • Baric, Ralph S.
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
  • Shang, Jian
    • Other Affiliation: University of Minnesota
  • Hon, Sung-Wook
    • Other Affiliation: University of Minnesota
  • Drelich, Aleksandra
    • Other Affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch
  • Tseng, Chien-Te K.
    • Other Affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch
  • Jenkins, Marc
    • Other Affiliation: University of Minnesota
  • Heise, Mark
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Genetics
  • Du, Langying
    • Other Affiliation: New York Blood Center
  • Li, Fang
    • Other Affiliation: University of Minnesota
Abstract
  • The key to battling the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential aftermath is to develop a variety of vaccines that are efficacious and safe, elicit lasting immunity, and cover a range of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Recombinant viral receptor-binding domains (RBDs) are safe vaccine candidates but often have limited efficacy due to the lack of virus-like immunogen display pattern. Here we have developed a novel virus-like nanoparticle (VLP) vaccine that displays 120 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RBD on its surface. This VLP-RBD vaccine mimics virus-based vaccines in immunogen display, which boosts its efficacy, while maintaining the safety of protein-based subunit vaccines. Compared to the RBD vaccine, the VLP-RBD vaccine induced five times more neutralizing antibodies in mice that efficiently blocked SARSCoV- 2 from attaching to its host receptor and potently neutralized the cell entry of variant SARS-CoV-2 strains, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-1-related bat coronavirus. These neutralizing immune responses induced by the VLP-RBD vaccine did not wane during the twomonth study period. Furthermore, the VLP-RBD vaccine effectively protected mice from SARS-CoV-2 challenge, dramatically reducing the development of clinical signs and pathological changes in immunized mice. The VLP-RBD vaccine provides one potentially effective solution to controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
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  • Article
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  • In Copyright
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  • Attribution 3.0 United States
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  • PLoS Pathogens
Journal volume
  • 17
Journal issue
  • 9
Language
  • English
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