The effect of gender inequality on HIV risks among couples in North India Public Deposited
- Last Modified
- March 22, 2019
- Creator
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Agrawal, Alpna
- Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health
- Abstract
- Background: India ranks third in the world in the number of HIV/AIDS cases. Gender-based power factors are believed to contribute significantly to disease spread in the country, where few studies have examined this. Purpose: This dissertation's overarching aim was to examine the impact of unequal gender relations on proximal, distant, and programmatic HIV risks among couples in North India. Methods: Population-based data from 2003 were collected among 3,385 married couples living in Uttar Pradesh and Uttaranchal, North India. Outcomes examined were sexual HIV risks, HIV/STI awareness, condom access, HIV stigma, and HIV facility testing awareness. Two major predictors were tested: men's expression of inequitable gender norms and women's autonomy. Estimated models used structural equation modeling controlling for socio-demographic effects. Results: Men expressing inequitable gender norms were more likely to report risky sexual behavior, STI symptoms, HIV stigma, and lack of HIV facility testing awareness (p<.05). Women with high levels of autonomy were less likely to have husbands who engaged in risky sex and reported STI symptoms (p<.05). Autonomous women were also more likely to be aware of HIV and other STIs and have access to condoms (p<0.05). Conclusions: Programs that screen and target men who ascribe to dominant gender norms and women with low autonomy may be more effective in reducing HIV risk in India's general population.
- Date of publication
- August 2009
- DOI
- Resource type
- Rights statement
- In Copyright
- Note
- ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Public Health.
- Advisor
- Bloom, Shelah S.
- Language
- Parents:
This work has no parents.
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The effect of gender inequality on HIV risks among couples in North India | 2019-04-09 | Public |
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