Analysis of Trends in Dietary Energy, Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, Sodium, and Potassium Intake in Chinese Adolescents from 1991 to 2011

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  • February 26, 2019
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  • Yu, Alice Yunzi Ling
    • Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition
Abstract
  • Objective: To examine temporal trends in dietary energy, carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake, and sodium and potassium intake of Chinese adolescents aged 12 – 17 years by sex and urbanicity, using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Methods: Individual level, consecutive 3 – day 24 hour recalls were analyzed from survey years 1991 (n=489), 2000 (n=677), and 2011 (n=253) from nine provinces that represent a range of geography, economic development, public resources, and health indicators in China. Linear multivariable regression models were conducted to predict the mean intake of energy, macronutrients, sodium and potassium. Models were adjusted for age, per capita income, mother’s education, region, and family size. Results: Intakes of total energy, sodium, and sodium-potassium ratio decreased from 1991 to 2011 (p<0.01) among both sexes and all urbanicity groups; however, the major shift was a structural change from carbohydrates to fat and protein. Both sexes showed decrease in carbohydrate-derived energy and increase in fat-derived energy (p<0.05). Increase in protein intake was only significant in the male and high-urbanicity groups (p<0.01). Changes in potassium intake were only observed in the high urbanicity group (p<0.01). Conclusions: This data suggest that Chinese adolescents are undergoing a transition to a high fat diet, independent of sex or urbanicity. Urbanicity appears to play a role in protein and potassium intake. Improvements of sodium-potassium ratios seem primarily due to decrease in sodium intake and require further reduction efforts.
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  • In Copyright
Note
  • Funding: Tom and Elizabeth Long Excellence Fund for Honors
Advisor
  • Popkin, Barry
Degree
  • Bachelor of Science in Public Health
Academic concentration
  • Nutrition
Honors level
  • Honors
Degree granting institution
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Graduation year
  • 2017
Language
  • English

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