The mouse DXZ4 homolog retains Ctcf binding and proximity to Pls3 despite substantial organizational differences compared to the primate macrosatellite
Public Deposited- Creator
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Horakova, Andrea H
- Other Affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
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Calabrese, Mauro
- Affiliation: N.C. Cancer Hospital, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Department of Genetics
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McLaughlin, Christine R
- Other Affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
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Tremblay, Deanna C
- Other Affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
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Magnuson, Terry
- Affiliation: N.C. Cancer Hospital, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Department of Genetics
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Chadwick, Brian P
- Other Affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
- Abstract
- Abstract Background The X-linked macrosatellite DXZ4 is a large homogenous tandem repeat that in females adopts an alternative chromatin organization on the primate X chromosome in response to X-chromosome inactivation. It is packaged into heterochromatin on the active X chromosome but into euchromatin and bound by the epigenetic organizer protein CTCF on the inactive X chromosome. Because its DNA sequence diverges rapidly beyond the New World monkeys, the existence of DXZ4 outside the primate lineage is unknown. Results Here we extend our comparative genome analysis and report the identification and characterization of the mouse homolog of the macrosatellite. Furthermore, we provide evidence of DXZ4 in a conserved location downstream of the PLS3 gene in a diverse group of mammals, and reveal that DNA sequence conservation is restricted to the CTCF binding motif, supporting a central role for this protein at this locus. However, many features that characterize primate DXZ4 differ in mouse, including the overall size of the array, the mode of transcription, the chromatin organization and conservation between adjacent repeat units of DNA sequence and length. Ctcf binds Dxz4 but is not exclusive to the inactive X chromosome, as evidenced by association in some males and equal binding to both X chromosomes in trophoblast stem cells. Conclusions Characterization of Dxz4 reveals substantial differences in the organization of DNA sequence, chromatin packaging, and the mode of transcription, so the potential roles performed by this sequence in mouse have probably diverged from those on the primate X chromosome.
- Date of publication
- August 20, 2012
- DOI
- Identifier
- Resource type
- Article
- Rights statement
- In Copyright
- Rights holder
- Andrea H Horakova et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
- License
- Journal title
- Genome Biology
- Journal volume
- 13
- Journal issue
- 8
- Page start
- R70
- Language
- English
- Is the article or chapter peer-reviewed?
- Yes
- ISSN
- 1465-6906
- Bibliographic citation
- Genome Biology. 2012 Aug 20;13(8):R70
- Publisher
- BioMed Central Ltd
- Access right
- Open Access
- Date uploaded
- October 28, 2012
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