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Jennifer
Heppert
Author
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
INVESTIGATING MECHANISMS OF MITOTIC SPINDLE POSITIONING
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles.
The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
Summer 2017
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Robert
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
Jennifer
Heppert
Author
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles.
The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
Summer 2017
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Robert
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it
determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic
spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines
the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to
position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in
response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell
in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and
miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing
strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to
address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second
chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This
study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for
in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to
visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched
by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found
surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but
NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how
signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation,
independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA
complex
Summer 2017
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic
spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting
institution
Biology
Robert
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
Summer 2017
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Robert
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
2017-08
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Robert
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Robert
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
2017-08
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Robert
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
2017-08
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Robert
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
2017-08
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
Biology
Robert P.
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
2017-08
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Degree granting institution
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Robert
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
2017-08
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR; Fluorescent protein; mitosis; Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
Biology
Robert P.
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
2017-08
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Degree granting institution
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR, Fluorescent protein, mitosis, Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Robert P.
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
2017-08
Jennifer
Heppert
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Investigating Mechanisms of Mitotic Spindle Positioning
The direction, or orientation, of cell division is important because it determines the fate and positions of cells within a tissue. The position of the mitotic spindle, the molecular machine that separates the chromosomes during mitosis, determines the plane of cell division. Cells sometimes use intercellular signals as spatial cues to position the mitotic spindle, but how mitotic spindles are positioned within cells in response to external cues remains unclear. To approach this question, I used the EMS cell in the early C. elegans embryo, an established model for studying cell interactions and miotic spindle orientation during development. I used contemporary genome editing strategies such as CRISPR, confocal live imaging, and classic embryological techniques, to address how proteins are deployed within cells to position mitotic spindles. The second chapter of this work is an in vivo comparison of fluorescent proteins in C. elegans. This study was a valuable technical advance and revealed which fluorescent proteins to use for in vivo live imaging. In the third chapter, using fluorescent proteins, I created tools to visualize our proteins of interest, and determined whether they were cortically enriched by cell-cell signaling mechanisms to direct mitotic spindle positioning. I found surprisingly, that APC and Dishevelled are enriched asymmetrically at the EMS cortex, but NuMA and dyenin are not. These findings have implications for better understanding how signaling pathway proteins might function as positional cues for spindle orientation, independent of the asymmetric enrichment of the canonical Gα/LGN/NuMA complex
2017
Cellular biology
Developmental biology
Biology
CRISPR; Fluorescent protein; mitosis; Mitotic spindle
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Robert P.
Goldstein
Thesis advisor
Victoria
Bautch
Thesis advisor
Paul
Maddox
Thesis advisor
Michael
Major
Thesis advisor
Stephen
Rogers
Thesis advisor
text
2017-08
Heppert_unc_0153D_17310.pdf
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