ingest cdrApp 2017-08-15T20:55:08.999Z d91e81c8-5a8a-4e8a-976c-cad4e396e5ee modifyDatastreamByValue RELS-EXT fedoraAdmin 2017-08-15T20:55:51.167Z Setting exclusive relation modifyDatastreamByValue RELS-EXT fedoraAdmin 2017-08-15T20:56:00.487Z Setting exclusive relation addDatastream MD_TECHNICAL fedoraAdmin 2017-08-15T20:56:09.576Z Adding technical metadata derived by FITS modifyDatastreamByValue RELS-EXT fedoraAdmin 2017-08-15T20:56:27.326Z Setting exclusive relation addDatastream MD_FULL_TEXT fedoraAdmin 2017-08-15T20:56:36.869Z Adding full text metadata extracted by Apache Tika modifyDatastreamByValue RELS-EXT fedoraAdmin 2017-08-15T20:56:55.436Z Setting exclusive relation modifyDatastreamByValue RELS-EXT cdrApp 2017-08-22T13:58:19.824Z Setting exclusive relation modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2018-01-25T19:17:17.333Z modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2018-01-27T18:50:55.983Z modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2018-03-14T16:40:08.656Z modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2018-05-18T19:02:46.557Z modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2018-07-11T15:25:35.544Z modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2018-07-18T11:01:26.879Z modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2018-08-21T19:49:46.225Z modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2018-09-27T20:52:03.711Z modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2018-10-12T11:09:02.117Z modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2018-10-17T16:27:22.487Z modifyDatastreamByValue MD_DESCRIPTIVE cdrApp 2019-03-21T21:31:27.717Z Sally Bullock Author Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. Summer 2017 2017 Nutrition children, nutrition policy, program evaluation, public health, school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School Degree granting institution Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. Summer 2017 2017 Nutrition children, nutrition policy, program evaluation, public health, school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School Degree granting institution Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. Summer 2017 2017 Nutrition children, nutrition policy, program evaluation, public health, school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School Degree granting institution Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. 2017-08 2017 Nutrition children, nutrition policy, program evaluation, public health, school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School Degree granting institution Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. 2017 Nutrition children, nutrition policy, program evaluation, public health, school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School Degree granting institution Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text 2017-08 Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. 2017 Nutrition children, nutrition policy, program evaluation, public health, school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School Degree granting institution Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text 2017-08 Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. 2017 Nutrition children, nutrition policy, program evaluation, public health, school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School Degree granting institution Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text 2017-08 Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. 2017 Nutrition children, nutrition policy, program evaluation, public health, school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text 2017-08 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Degree granting institution Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. 2017 Nutrition children; nutrition policy; program evaluation; public health; school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text 2017-08 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Degree granting institution Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. 2017 Nutrition children, nutrition policy, program evaluation, public health, school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School Degree granting institution Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text 2017-08 Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health PROMOTING SCHOOL BREAKFAST AT THE COUNTY AND STATE LEVEL: AN EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SERVICE MODELS Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. 2017 Nutrition children, nutrition policy, program evaluation, public health, school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Nutrition Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text 2017-08 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Degree granting institution Sally Bullock Creator Department of Nutrition Gillings School of Global Public Health Eating breakfast has been associated with improved weight status, nutrient intake, and academic achievement among children. The National School Breakfast Program (SBP) was created by the US Congress to ensure that school-aged children have access to a meal to start the school day. However, SBP participation rates have been consistently low nationwide even among students eligible for free or reduced-price (FRP) meals. Policy makers and practitioners have implemented a variety of initiatives to improve breakfast participation, including alternative breakfast service models, such as universal free school breakfast, breakfast in the classroom, second chance breakfast, and grab and go breakfast. To determine whether alternative breakfast service models are associated with improvements in SBP participation, academic, and health outcomes, we first completed a literature review to examine the associations between these models and SBP participation, student attendance, academic achievement, dietary intake, and weight status. Results indicate that some models may result in an increase in participation, but additional studies are needed. Using district- and school-level longitudinal data on breakfast participation rates and student demographics for schools across North Carolina, we examined whether changes in statewide policies and practices promoting alternative breakfast are associated with improved SBP participation. Findings indicate that most of the initiatives implemented in North Carolina were associated with an increase in either school- or district-level SBP participation. Longitudinal data on students and SBP participation for a large urban school district in the Southeast United States (LUSD) were used to determine whether a district-wide universal free breakfast (UFB) policy implemented in 2013-2014 was associated with changes in school-level SBP participation, attendance, academic achievement, and student weight status. On average across schools there was an increase in participation of 4.1% (SE=0.7, p<0.001) immediately following the implementation of the policy. Changes in participation differed among schools by grade level, FRP percent and race/ethnicity. Results provide no evidence of weight gain immediately following the UFB policy or associations between the policy and attendance or test scores. This evaluation of alternative breakfast service models addresses some of the gaps in knowledge about these initiatives and helps build the evidence base to better inform future policy approaches. 2017 Nutrition children; nutrition policy; program evaluation; public health; school breakfast eng Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Alice Ammerman Thesis advisor Allison Aiello Thesis advisor Marilyn Nanney Thesis advisor Kimberly Truesdale Thesis advisor Dianne Ward Thesis advisor text 2017-08 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Degree granting institution Bullock_unc_0153D_17228.pdf uuid:5d4b001a-63ef-4e29-824a-c8fe617aea7b 2017-07-20T18:54:56Z proquest 2019-08-15T00:00:00 application/pdf 2012886 yes