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Kate
Augustine
Author
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Larval nutrition, temperature, and geographic divergence of Pieris butterflies
For insects and other ectotherms, temperature and nutrient availability are particularly important factors influencing selection because feeding and growth are temperature dependent. The temperature experienced during larval development affects growth and developmental rates and adult body size for many insects, and nutrient availability affects key aspects of insect growth, physiology and life history. Therefore, interactions of temperature with nutrient availability can strongly influence life history outcomes. My second, third, and fourth chapters investigate these interactive effects of temperature and nutrition on short-term physiology and long-term life history traits as well as behavior of the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) larvae. Specifically, chapters two and three compare how these factors combine to influence two invasive, geographically divergent North American populations. I used fertilized host plants to examine the effects of nutritional quantity and an artificial diet varying in macronutrient ratio to examine the effects of nutritional quality. The fourth chapter investigates how macronutrient ratio influences acclimation and behavior in this species. When fed host plants, increased fertilization improved larval performance in both populations but the high latitude population showed greater temperature sensitivity. When fed artificial diets, I found greater temperature sensitivity in the low latitude population on poor-quality, low protein diet such that few individuals survived to pupation. These experiments demonstrate that temperature effects are strongly influenced by nutrition and that this interaction differs between divergent populations. Additionally, I found that nutrition can influence behavioral choice of macronutrients in this species. In my fifth chapter, I used whole host plants to compare the effects an invasive and native plant species have on oviposition and larval performance of the native West Virginia white butterfly (Pieris virginiensis). I found that an exposed and unexposed population did not differ in their interactions with the invasive plant, but that there is a strong seasonal component to oviposition preference due to differing phenologies of the host plants.
Summer 2018
2018
Biology
Evolution & development
Ecology
Geometric framework, Nutrition, Pieris rapae, Pieris virginiensis, Temperature, Thermal reaction norm
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Joel
Kingsolver
Thesis advisor
Christina
Burch
Thesis advisor
Charles
Mitchell
Thesis advisor
Alan
Weakley
Thesis advisor
Christopher
Willett
Thesis advisor
text
Kate
Augustine
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Larval nutrition, temperature, and geographic divergence of Pieris butterflies
For insects and other ectotherms, temperature and nutrient availability are particularly important factors influencing selection because feeding and growth are temperature dependent. The temperature experienced during larval development affects growth and developmental rates and adult body size for many insects, and nutrient availability affects key aspects of insect growth, physiology and life history. Therefore, interactions of temperature with nutrient availability can strongly influence life history outcomes. My second, third, and fourth chapters investigate these interactive effects of temperature and nutrition on short-term physiology and long-term life history traits as well as behavior of the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) larvae. Specifically, chapters two and three compare how these factors combine to influence two invasive, geographically divergent North American populations. I used fertilized host plants to examine the effects of nutritional quantity and an artificial diet varying in macronutrient ratio to examine the effects of nutritional quality. The fourth chapter investigates how macronutrient ratio influences acclimation and behavior in this species. When fed host plants, increased fertilization improved larval performance in both populations but the high latitude population showed greater temperature sensitivity. When fed artificial diets, I found greater temperature sensitivity in the low latitude population on poor-quality, low protein diet such that few individuals survived to pupation. These experiments demonstrate that temperature effects are strongly influenced by nutrition and that this interaction differs between divergent populations. Additionally, I found that nutrition can influence behavioral choice of macronutrients in this species. In my fifth chapter, I used whole host plants to compare the effects an invasive and native plant species have on oviposition and larval performance of the native West Virginia white butterfly (Pieris virginiensis). I found that an exposed and unexposed population did not differ in their interactions with the invasive plant, but that there is a strong seasonal component to oviposition preference due to differing phenologies of the host plants.
Biology
Evolution & development
Ecology
Geometric framework; Nutrition; Pieris rapae; Pieris virginiensis; Temperature; Thermal reaction norm
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Biology
Joel
Kingsolver
Thesis advisor
Christina
Burch
Thesis advisor
Charles
Mitchell
Thesis advisor
Alan
Weakley
Thesis advisor
Christopher
Willett
Thesis advisor
2018
2018-08
eng
text
Kate
Augustine
Creator
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
Larval nutrition, temperature, and geographic divergence of Pieris butterflies
For insects and other ectotherms, temperature and nutrient availability are particularly important factors influencing selection because feeding and growth are temperature dependent. The temperature experienced during larval development affects growth and developmental rates and adult body size for many insects, and nutrient availability affects key aspects of insect growth, physiology and life history. Therefore, interactions of temperature with nutrient availability can strongly influence life history outcomes. My second, third, and fourth chapters investigate these interactive effects of temperature and nutrition on short-term physiology and long-term life history traits as well as behavior of the cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) larvae. Specifically, chapters two and three compare how these factors combine to influence two invasive, geographically divergent North American populations. I used fertilized host plants to examine the effects of nutritional quantity and an artificial diet varying in macronutrient ratio to examine the effects of nutritional quality. The fourth chapter investigates how macronutrient ratio influences acclimation and behavior in this species. When fed host plants, increased fertilization improved larval performance in both populations but the high latitude population showed greater temperature sensitivity. When fed artificial diets, I found greater temperature sensitivity in the low latitude population on poor-quality, low protein diet such that few individuals survived to pupation. These experiments demonstrate that temperature effects are strongly influenced by nutrition and that this interaction differs between divergent populations. Additionally, I found that nutrition can influence behavioral choice of macronutrients in this species. In my fifth chapter, I used whole host plants to compare the effects an invasive and native plant species have on oviposition and larval performance of the native West Virginia white butterfly (Pieris virginiensis). I found that an exposed and unexposed population did not differ in their interactions with the invasive plant, but that there is a strong seasonal component to oviposition preference due to differing phenologies of the host plants.
Biology
Evolution & development
Ecology
Geometric framework; Nutrition; Pieris rapae; Pieris virginiensis; Temperature; Thermal reaction norm
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Joel
Kingsolver
Thesis advisor
Christina
Burch
Thesis advisor
Charles
Mitchell
Thesis advisor
Alan
Weakley
Thesis advisor
Christopher
Willett
Thesis advisor
2018
2018-08
eng
text
Augustine_unc_0153D_18094.pdf
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