TY - JOUR AB - Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a growing public health crisis. Despite initial focus on the elderly population with comorbidities, it seems that large studies from the worst affected countries follow a sex-disaggregation pattern. Analysis of available data showed marked variations in reported cases between males and females among different countries with higher mortality in males.  At this early stage of the pandemic, medical datasets at the individual level are not available; therefore, it is challenging to conclude how different factors have impacted COVID-19 susceptibility. Thus, in the absence of patients' level data, we attempted to provide a theoretical description of how other determinants have affected COVID-19 susceptibility in males compared to females.  In this article, we have identified and discussed possible biological and behavioral factors that could be responsible for the increased male susceptibility. Biological factors include - an absence of X-chromosomes (a powerhouse for immune-related genes), a high level of testosterone that inhibits antibody production, and the presence of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors that facilitate viral replication. Similarly, behavioral factors constitute - higher smoking and alcohol consumptions, low level of handwashing practices, and high-risk behavior like non-adherence to health services and reluctance to follow public health measures in males. Keywords: COVID-19; gender; males; sex disaggregation; susceptibility. AD - Western Vascular Institute, Galway University Hospital, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal Cecil G Sheps Center for Health Service Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Acharya, Y. AU - Pant, S. AU - Gyanwali, P. AU - Dangal, G. AU - Karki, P. AU - Bista, N. R. AU - Tandan, M. C2 - 33210622 DB - Scopus DO - 10.33314/jnhrc.v18i3.3108 IS - 3 J2 - J Nepal Health Res Counc KW - testosterone biosynthesis comorbidity epidemiology health behavior human metabolism Nepal pandemic sex factor social environment X chromosome Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Chromosomes, Human, X COVID-19 Humans Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 Sex Factors LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Chemicals/CAS: testosterone, 58-22-0; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Testosterone PY - 2020 SN - 19996217 (ISSN) SP - 345-350 ST - Gender Disaggregation in COVID-19 and Increased Male Susceptibility T2 - Journal of Nepal Health Research Council TI - Gender Disaggregation in COVID-19 and Increased Male Susceptibility UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096408117&doi=10.33314%2fjnhrc.v18i3.3108&partnerID=40&md5=2624bedf0a43858908344c81c3ffce40 VL - 18 ID - 289 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China beginning in December 2019. As of 31 January 2020, this epidemic had spread to 19 countries with 11 791 confirmed cases, including 213 deaths. The World Health Organization has declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework suggested by Arksey and O'Malley. In this scoping review, 65 research articles published before 31 January 2020 were analyzed and discussed to better understand the epidemiology, causes, clinical diagnosis, prevention and control of this virus. The research domains, dates of publication, journal language, authors' affiliations, and methodological characteristics were included in the analysis. All the findings and statements in this review regarding the outbreak are based on published information as listed in the references. Results: Most of the publications were written using the English language (89.2%). The largest proportion of published articles were related to causes (38.5%) and a majority (67.7%) were published by Chinese scholars. Research articles initially focused on causes, but over time there was an increase of the articles related to prevention and control. Studies thus far have shown that the virus' origination is in connection to a seafood market in Wuhan, but specific animal associations have not been confirmed. Reported symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, pneumonia, headache, diarrhea, hemoptysis, and dyspnea. Preventive measures such as masks, hand hygiene practices, avoidance of public contact, case detection, contact tracing, and quarantines have been discussed as ways to reduce transmission. To date, no specific antiviral treatment has proven effective; hence, infected people primarily rely on symptomatic treatment and supportive care. Conclusions: There has been a rapid surge in research in response to the outbreak of COVID-19. During this early period, published research primarily explored the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, as well as prevention and control of the novel coronavirus. Although these studies are relevant to control the current public emergency, more high-quality research is needed to provide valid and reliable ways to manage this kind of public health emergency in both the short- and long-term. © 2020 The Author(s). AD - West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Department of Communication Studies, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90802, United States Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC - University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, CA 3000, Netherlands AU - Adhikari, S. P. AU - Meng, S. AU - Wu, Y. J. AU - Mao, Y. P. AU - Ye, R. X. AU - Wang, Q. Z. AU - Sun, C. AU - Sylvia, S. AU - Rozelle, S. AU - Raat, H. AU - Zhou, H. C2 - 32183901 C7 - 29 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x IS - 1 J2 - Infect. Dis. Pover. KW - Causes COVID-19 Epidemiology Prevention and control Review 2019 novel coronavirus coronavirus disease 2019 coughing diarrhea disease severity disease surveillance disease transmission dyspnea fatigue fever headache health care hemoptysis high throughput sequencing human incubation time meta analysis mortality rate pathogenesis pneumonia priority journal public health public health service quality control real time polymerase chain reaction respiratory tract infection rhinorrhea severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 systematic review virology Betacoronavirus China Coronavirus infection epidemic infection control virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Cough Disease Outbreaks Humans Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :590 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Zhou, H.; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, China; email: zhouhuan@scu.edu.cn Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 References: (2020) Wuhan Municipal Health and Health Commission's Briefing on the Current Pneumonia Epidemic Situation in Our City, , http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2019123108989, WMHC, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N Engl J Med., , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316; (2019) Novel Coronavirus, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html, CDC, Wuhan, China, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; (2020), https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/, WHO. Novel Coronavirus-China, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N Engl J Med, , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017; (2020), https://www.who.int/csr/don/17-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-japan-ex-china/en/, WHO. Novel Coronavirus-Japan (ex-China), Accessed 1 Feb 2020; (2020), http://virological.org/t/novel-2019-coronavirus-genome/319, Virological.org. Novel 2019 Coronavirus Genome, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; Fehr, A.R., Channappanavar, R., Perlman, S., Middle East respiratory syndrome: Emergence of a pathogenic human coronavirus (2017) Annu Rev Med, 68, pp. 387-399. , 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhsVegsbzO; (2020) Statement on the Second Meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), , https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov), WHO, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; Arksey, H., O'Malley, L., Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework (2005) Int J Soc Res Methodol, 8, pp. 19-32; Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G., The PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement (2009) PLoS Med., 6, p. e100097. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097; Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, Xg, Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin (2020) BioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.22.914952; Li, T., Wei, C., Li, W., Hongwei, F., Shi, J., Beijing Union Medical College Hospital on pneumonia of novel coronavirus infection diagnosis and treatment proposal (V2.0) (2020) Med J Peking Union Med Coll Hosp, , http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5882.r.20200130.1430.002.html, Accessed 2 Feb 2020; Quick guide to the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia for novel coronavirus infections (third edition) (2020) Herald Med, , http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/42.1293.r.20200130.1803.002.html, Medical expert group of Tongji hospital, Accessed 2 Feb 2020; Liu, T., Hu, J., Kang, M., Lin, L., Zhong, H., Xiao, J., (2020) Transmission Dynamics of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.25.919787; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Jianping, Z., Hu, Y., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5; Gralinski, L.E., Menachery, V.D., Return of the coronavirus: 2019-nCoV (2020) Viruses., 12, p. 135; Wang, C., Wang, X., Prevalence, nosocomial infection and psychological prevention of novel coronavirus infection (2020) Chin General Pract Nurs, 18, pp. 2-3; Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study (2020) Lancet., 395, pp. 507-513. , 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvFOmsb8%3D; Backer, J.A., Klinkenberg, D., Wallinga, J., The incubation period of 2019-nCoV infections among travellers from Wuhan (2020) China Euro Surveill, , https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.5.2000062; Wang, W., Tang, J., Wei, F., Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China (2020) J Med Virol, 92, pp. 441-447; Imai, N., Dorigatti, I., Cori, A., Riley, S., Ferguson, N.M., (2020) Estimating the Potential Total Number of Novel Coronavirus Cases in Wuhan City, China, , https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/2019-nCoV-outbreak-report-17-01-2020.pdf, Accessed 31 Jan, 2020; (2020) Prevent Guideline of 2019-nCoV, , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqfkdt/202001/bc661e49b5bc487dba182f5c49ac445b.shtml, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; Shen, M., Peng, Z., Xiao, Y., Zhang, L., Modelling the epidemic trend of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China (2020) BioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.23.916726; Imai, N., Cori, A., Dorigatti, I., Baguelin, M., Donnelly, C.A., Riley, S., (2020) Report 3: Transmissibility of 2019-nCoV, , https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-2019-nCoV-transmissibility.pdf, Accessed 31 Jan, 2020; Read, J.M., Jre, B., Dat, C., Ho, A., Jewell, C.P., Novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: Early estimation of epidemiological parameters and epidemic predictions (2020) MedRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.23.20018549; Riou, J., Althaus, C.L., Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020 (2020) Euro Surveill., 25 (4). , https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.4.2000058; Wu, J.T., Leung, K., Leung, G.M., Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: A modelling study (2020) Lancet, , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30260-9; Ming, W.K., Huang, J., Zhang, C.J., Breaking down of healthcare system: Mathematical modelling for controlling the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan (2020) China BioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.27.922443; Lai, S., Bogoch, I.I., Watts, A., Khan, K., Li, Z., Tatem, A., (2020) Preliminary Risk Analysis of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Spread within and beyond China, , https://www.worldpop.org/resources/docs/china/WorldPop-coronavirus-spread-risk-analysis-v1-25Jan.pdf, Accessed 31 Jan 2020; Nishiura, H., Jung, S.M., Linton, N.M., Kinoshita, R., Yang, Y., Hayashi, K., The extent of transmission of novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020 (2020) J Clin Med, 9, p. 330; An Update on the Incidence of Pneumonia with Novel Coronavirus Infection As at 24:00 on, , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/yqfkdt/202002/84faf71e096446fdb1ae44939ba5c528.shtml, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, 31 January 2020, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; (2020) Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report-11, , https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200131-sitrep-11-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=de7c0f7_4, WHO, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; (2020), https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus, WHO. Coronavirus, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; Su, S., Wong, G., Shi, W., Liu, J., Lai, A.C.K., Zhou, J., Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses (2016) Trend Microbiol, 24, pp. 490-502. , 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XksVWmsbc%3D; Chen, Y., Liu, Q., Guo, D., Coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis (2020) J Med Virol., , https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25681; Peiris, J.S., Guan, Y., Yuen, K., Severe acute respiratory syndrome (2004) Nature Med, 10, pp. S88-S97. , 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVeht7fJ; Zaki, A.M., Boheemen, S.V., Bestebroer, T.M., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., Fouchier, R.A.M., Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia (2012) N Engl J Med, 367, pp. 1814-1820. , 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1ekt73P; (2020) 585 Environmental Samples from the South China Seafood Market in Wuhan, , http://www.chinacdc.cn/yw_9324/202001/t20200127_211469.html, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Province, China, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; Lu, H., Tang, C.W., Tang, Y., Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan China: The mystery and the miracle (2020) J Medl Virol., , https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv/25678; Roujian, L., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B., Wu, H., Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding (2020) Lancet, , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8; Xu, X., Chen, P., Wang, J., Feng, J., Zhou, H., Li, X., Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoing Wuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission (2020) Sci Chin Life Sci., , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11427-020-1637-5; (2020) Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment of 2019-nCoV Infection from Chinese NHC and CDC 2020, , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/zhengcwj/202001/4294563ed35b43209b31739bd0785e67/files/7a9309111267475a99d4306962c8bf78.pdf, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Accessed 1 Feb 2020; Zhang, H., Kang, Z., Gong, H., Xu, D., Wang, J., Li, Z., The digestive system is a potential route of 2019-nCov infection: A bioinformatics analysis based on single-cell transcriptomes (2020) BioRxiv., , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.30.927806; (2020) Pneumonia Infected with Novel Coronavirus Is Included in the Management of Legal Infectious Diseases, , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s7915/202001/e4e2d5e6f01147e0a8df3f6701d49f33.shtml, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Accessed 31 Jan 2020; (2020) Notice on Printing and Distributing the Technical Guide for Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Infection in Medical Institutions (First Edition), , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7659/202001/b91fdab7c304431eb082d67847d27e14.shtml, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Accessed 31 Jan 2020; (2020) Notice on Printing and Distributing the Work Plan for Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Caused by Novel Coronavirus Infection in the near Future, , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/tigs/s7848/202001/808bbf75e5ce415aa19f74c78ddc653f.shtml, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Accessed 31 Jan 2020; (2020) Notice on Further Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Caused by Novel Coronavirus Infection in Rural Areas, , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3578/202001/f8d45f6af1d24ef18151c1d91cf8a028.shtml, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Accessed 31 Jan 2020; (2020) Notice on Prevention and Control of Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia in the Elderly People, , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/lljks/tggg/202001/96e82ba8a14d41b283da990d39771493.shtml, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Accessed 31 Jan 2020; Wei, Q., Ren, Z., Disinfection measures for pneumonia foci infected by novel coronavirus in 2019 (2020) Chin J Disinfect, 37, pp. 59-62; (2020) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, , https://apps.who.int/trialsearch/default.aspx, World Health Organization, Accessed 23 Feb 2020; (2020), http://www.chictr.org.cn, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Accessed 23 Feb 2020; Bin, C., Fang, X., Chen, H., (2020) Application Effect of Disaster Vulnerability Analysis in Coping with the Transmission of New Coronavirus in Non-closed Hematology Ward, , http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/14.1272.R.20200131.1909.002.html, Accessed 2 Feb 2020; Xu, M., Zhang, Y., Investigation on the psychological status of the first batch of clinical first-line support nurses to fight against pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus (2020) Chin Nurs Res, 34, pp. 1-3; Ou, F., Wu, H., Yang, Y., Tan, W., Zhang, J., Gu, J., Countermeasures for rapid spread of new coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan (2020) Chin General Pract Nurs, , http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/14.1349.R.20200131.1319.002.html, Accessed 2 Feb 2020; (2020) Advice on the Use of Masks in the Community, during Home Care and in Health Care Settings in the Context of the Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Outbreak (Interim Guidance), , WHO, WHO/nCov/IPC_Masks/2020. Accessed 3 Feb 2020; (2020) Guidelines for Public Protection against Novel Coronavirus Infection, , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s7915/202001/bc661e49b5bc487dba182f5c49ac445b.shtml, National Health Commission of People's Republic of China, Accessed 31 Jan 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 20955162 (ISSN) ST - Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: A scoping review T2 - Infectious Diseases of Poverty TI - Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: A scoping review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082020443&doi=10.1186%2fs40249-020-00646-x&partnerID=40&md5=be6536042dfd0cfa5e465cfff6b364aa VL - 9 ID - 523 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh NIHR Global Health Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), London, United Kingdom University of North Carolina Project Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya Malaria Consortium, London, United Kingdom Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States Center for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Dhaka Hospital, Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease and Research, Bangladesh (Icddr, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh Global Health Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea, Goroka, Papua New Guinea Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia Clinical Trial Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States Centre for International Child Health, MCRI, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Paediatrics, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Division Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States Pulmonology and Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Ilorin, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States Community Health Sciences Unit, Malawi Ministry of Health, Lilongwe, Malawi MRC Unit, Gambia at LSHTM, Fajara, Gambia Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, LSHTM, London, United Kingdom Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Center for Health Studies, Universidad Del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Department of Child Health, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation-Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States International Pediatric AIDS Initiative (BIPAI), Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Medical Research Council, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa SA-MRC Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Johns Hopkins Global Program in Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States AU - Ahmed, S. AU - Mvalo, T. AU - Akech, S. AU - Agweyu, A. AU - Baker, K. AU - Bar-Zeev, N. AU - Campbell, H. AU - Checkley, W. AU - Chisti, M. J. AU - Colbourn, T. AU - Cunningham, S. AU - Duke, T. AU - English, M. AU - Falade, A. G. AU - Fancourt, N. S. S. AU - Ginsburg, A. S. AU - Graham, H. R. AU - Gray, D. M. AU - Gupta, M. AU - Hammitt, L. AU - Hesseling, A. C. AU - Hooli, S. AU - Johnson, A. W. B. R. AU - King, C. AU - Kirby, M. A. AU - Lanata, C. F. AU - Lufesi, N. AU - MacKenzie, G. A. AU - McCracken, J. P. AU - Moschovis, P. P. AU - Nair, H. AU - Oviawe, O. AU - Pomat, W. S. AU - Santosham, M. AU - Seddon, J. A. AU - Thahane, L. K. AU - Wahl, B. AU - Van Der Zalm, M. AU - Verwey, C. AU - Yoshida, L. M. AU - Zar, H. J. AU - Howie, S. R. C. AU - McCollum, E. D. C7 - e002844 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002844 IS - 5 J2 - BMJ Glob. Health KW - child health paediatrics pneumonia respiratory infections LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Mccollum, E.D.; Department of International Health, United States; email: emccoll3@jhmi.edu References: Dong, Y., Mo, X., Hu, Y., Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China (2020) Pediatrics, p. e20200702; Lu, X., Zhang, L., Du, H., SARS-CoV-2 infection in children (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1663-1665; Coronavirus disease 2019 in children-united states, February 12-April 2, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 422-426. , CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Tagarro, A., Epalza, C., Santos, M., Screening and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in Madrid, Spain (2020) JAMA Pediatr, , [Epub ahead of print: 08 Apr 2020]; Quantifying risks and interventions that have affected the burden of lower respiratory infections among children younger than 5 years: An analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017 (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 60-79. , GBD 2017 Lower Respiratory Infections Collaborators; Sonego, M., Pellegrin, M.C., Becker, G., Risk factors for mortality from acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children under fve years of age in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies (2015) PLoS One, 10, pp. e0116380; Lazzerini, M., Sonego, M., Pellegrin, M.C., Hypoxaemia as a mortality risk factor in acute lower respiratory infections in children in low and middle-income countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) PLoS One, 10, pp. e0136166 PY - 2020 SN - 20597908 (ISSN) ST - Protecting children in low-income and middle-income countries from COVID-19 T2 - BMJ Global Health TI - Protecting children in low-income and middle-income countries from COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085699936&doi=10.1136%2fbmjgh-2020-002844&partnerID=40&md5=e3a66912a93e130d50c52aeb3a778a96 VL - 5 ID - 496 ER - TY - CONF A4 - Acm, Sigchi AB - Tracking the type and frequency of cough events is critical for monitoring respiratory diseases. Coughs are one of the most common symptoms of respiratory and infectious diseases like COVID-19, and a cough monitoring system could have been vital in remote monitoring during a pandemic like COVID-19. While the existing solutions for cough monitoring use unimodal (e.g., audio) approaches for detecting coughs, a fusion of multimodal sensors (e.g., audio and accelerometer) from multiple devices (e.g., phone and watch) are likely to discover additional insights and can help to track the exacerbation of the respiratory conditions. However, such multimodal and multidevice fusion requires accurate time synchronization, which could be challenging for coughs as coughs are usually concise events (0.3-0.7 seconds). In this paper, we first demonstrate the time synchronization challenges of cough synchronization based on the cough data collected from two studies. Then we highlight the performance of a cross-correlation based time synchronization algorithm on the alignment of cough events. Our algorithm can synchronize 98.9% of cough events with an average synchronization error of 0.046s from two devices. © 2020 ACM. AD - Digital Health Lab, Samsung Research America, Mountain View, CA, United States Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Ahmed, T. AU - Ahmed, M. Y. AU - Rahman, M. M. AU - Nemati, E. AU - Islam, B. AU - Vatanparvar, K. AU - Nathan, V. AU - McCaffrey, D. AU - Kuang, J. AU - Gao, J. A. C3 - ICMI 2020 - Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction DB - Scopus DO - 10.1145/3382507.3418855 KW - cough data collection mobile health time synchronization Interactive computer systems Cross correlations Infectious disease Monitoring system Multimodal sensor Remote monitoring Synchronization error Time synchronization algorithms Synchronization LA - English N1 - Conference code: 164395 Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 References: Abaza, A.A., Day, J.B., Reynolds, J.S., Mahmoud, A.M., Travis Goldsmith, W., McKinney, W.G., Lee Petsonk, E., Frazer, D.G., Classification of voluntary cough sound and airflow patterns for detecting abnormal pulmonary function (2009) Cough (London, England), 5, pp. 8-8. , https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-9974-5-8, Nov. 2009; Barry, S.J., Dane, A.D., Morice, A.H., DWalmsley, A., The automatic recognition and counting of cough (2006) Cough, 2 (1), p. 8. , 2006; Benndorf, M., Haenselmann, T., Time synchronization on android devices for mobile construction assessment (2016) the Tenth International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications. Thinkmind; Brown, C., Chauhan, J., Grammenos, A., Han, J., Hasthanasombat, A., Spathis, D., Xia, T., Mascolo, C., (2020) Exploring Automatic Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Crowdsourced Respiratory Sound Data, , arXiv:cs.SD/2006.05919; Bryan, N., Kolar, M., Abel, J., (2010) Impulse Response Measurements in the Presence of Clock Drift, 2, pp. 1449-1457. , 01 2010; Cavallari, P., Bolzoni, F., Esposti, R., Bruttini, C., Cough-anal reflex may be the expression of a pre-programmed postural action (2017) Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11, p. 475. , 2017; Chatterjee, S., Mahbubur Rahman, M., Ahmed, T., Saleheen, N., Nemati, E., Nathan, V., Vatanparvar, K., Kuang, J., Assessing severity of pulmonary obstruction from respiration phase-based wheeze-sensing using mobile sensors (2020) Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI '20), pp. 1-13. , https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376444, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA; Crooks, M.G., Hayman, Y., Innes, A., Williamson, J., Wright, C.E., Morice, A.H., Objective measurement of cough frequency during COPD exacerbation convalescence (2016) Lung, 194 (1), pp. 117-120. , 2016; Drugman, T., Urbain, J., Bauwens, N., Chessini, R., Aubriot, A., Lebecque, P., Dutoit, T., Audio and contact microphones for cough detection (2012) 13th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association 2012, INTERSPEECH 2012, 2. , 01 2012; Drugman, T., Urbain, J., Bauwens, N., Chessini, R., Valderrama, C., Lebecque, P., Dutoit, T., Objective study of sensor relevance for automatic cough detection (2013) IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, 17 (3), pp. 699-707. , 2013; Engel, A., Koch, A., Accelerated clock drift estimation for high-precision wireless time-synchronization (2015) 2015 IEEE 40th Local Computer Networks Conference Workshops (LCN Workshops), pp. 627-635; Fridman, L., Brown, D.E., Angell, W., Abdi, I., Reimer, B., Noh, H.Y., Automated synchronization of driving data using vibration and steering events (2016) Pattern Recognition Letters, 75, pp. 9-15. , 2016; Gusella, R., Zatti, S., The accuracy of the clock synchronization achieved by tempo in Berkeley unix 4 (1989) 3BSD. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng, 15 (7), pp. 847-853. , https://doi.org/10.1109/32.29484, July 1989; Hanusniak, V., Jostiak, M., Zabovsky, M., Takac, L., Precision smartphones sensors time synchronization (2016) 2016 International Conference on Information and Digital Technologies (IDT), pp. 115-117; Hoelzemann, A., Odoemelem, H., Van Laerhoven, K., Using an in-ear wearable to annotate activity data across multiple inertial sensors (2019) Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Earable Computing (London, United Kingdom) (EarComp'19), pp. 14-19. , https://doi.org/10.1145/3345615.3361136, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA; Hu, J.C., (2020) A Cough Recognition App Could Help Track the Spread of the Coronavirus, , https://slate.com/technology/2020/04/coughcovid19-coronavirus-app.html, accessed May, 2020; Huai, J., Zhang, Y., Yilmaz, A., (2019) The Mobile AR Sensor Logger for Android and IOS Devices, , arXiv:cs.HC/2001.00470; Imran, A., Posokhova, I., Qureshi, H.N., Masood, U., Riaz, S., Ali, K., John, C.N., Nabeel, M., (2020) AI4COVID-19: AI Enabled Preliminary Diagnosis for COVID-19 from Cough Samples Via An App, , arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.01275 2020; Jia, C., Evans, B.L., Online calibration and synchronization of cellphone camera and gyroscope (2013) 2013 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing, pp. 731-734; Kulnik, S.T., Williams, N.M., Kalra, L., Moxham, J., Birring, S.S., Cough frequency monitors: Can they discriminate patient from environmental coughs (2016) Journal of Thoracic Disease, 8 (11), p. 3152. , 2016; Kvale, P.A., Chronic cough due to lung tumors: Accp evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2006) CHEST, 129 (1), pp. 147S-153S. , https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.129.1-suppl.147S, Jan. 2006; Kvapilova, L., Boza, V., Dubec, P., Majernik, M., Bogar, J., Jamison, J., Goldsack, J.C., Karlin, D.R., Continuous sound collection using smartphones and machine learning to measure cough (2019) Digital Biomarkers, 3 (3), pp. 166-175. , https://doi.org/10.1159/000504666, 2019; Lamport, L., Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system (1978) Commun. ACM, 21 (7), pp. 558-565. , https://doi.org/10.1145/359545.359563, July 1978; Larson, E.C., Lee, T.J., Liu, S., Rosenfeld, M., Patel, S.N., Accurate and privacy preserving cough sensing using a low-cost microphone (2011) Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, pp. 375-384; Mahmoudi, S.A., Da Cunha Possa, P., Ravet, T., Drugman, T., Chessini, R., Dutoit, T., Valderrama, C., Sensor-based system for automatic cough detection and classification (2016) ICT Innovations Conference; Nemati, E., Juber Rahman, M., Blackstock, E., Nathan, V., Mahbubur Rahman, M., Vatanparvar, K., Kuang, J., Estimation of the lung function using acoustic features of the voluntary cough (2020) 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), , IEEE, IEEE, New York, NY, USA; Nemati, E., Mahbubur Rahman, M., Nathan, V., Kuang, J., Private audio-based cough sensing for in-home pulmonary assessment using mobile devices (2018) EAI International Conference on Body Area Networks. Springer, pp. 221-232; Nemati, E., Rahman, M.M., Nathan, V., Vatanparvar, K., Kuang, J., Poster abstract: A comprehensive approach for cough type detection (2019) 2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies (CHASE), pp. 15-16; https://neurosciencenews.com/ai-cough-coronavirus-16145/, Neuroscience News. 2020 accessed May, 2020). AI app can detect coronavirus from sound of cough; https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. 2020 accessed May, 2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19); https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/symptoms.htm, Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. 2020(accessed May, 2020). Flu Symptoms & Complications; Juber Rahman, M., Nemati, E., Rahman, M., Vatanparvar, K., Nathan, V., Kuang, J., Efficient online cough detection with a minimal feature set using smartphones for automated assessment of pulmonary patients (2011) Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Ambient Computing, Applications, Services and Technologie; Mahbubur Rahman, M., Ahmed, T., Nemati, E., Nathan, V., Vatanparvar, K., Blackstock, E., Kuang, J., Exhalesense: Detecting high fidelity forced exhalations to estimate lung obstruction on smartphones (2020) IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom), pp. 1-10. , IEEE, New york, NY; Mahbubur Rahman, M., Nathan, V., Nemati, E., Vatanparvar, K., Ahmed, M., Kuang, J., Towards reliable data collection and annotation to extract pulmonary digital biomarkers using mobile sensors (2019) Proceedings of the 13th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare (Trento, Italy) (PervasiveHealth'19), pp. 179-188. , https://doi.org/10.1145/3329189.3329204, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA; Sharma, M., Anand, A., Srivastava, R., Kaligounder, L., (2018) Wearable Audio and IMU Based Shot Detection in Racquet Sports, , arXiv:cs.LG/1805.05456; Shi, Y., Liu, H., Wang, Y., Cai, M., Xu, W., Theory and application of audio-based assessment of cough (2018) Journal of Sensors 2018, pp. 1-10. , https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9845321, 03 2018; Shi, Y., Zhang, B., Cai, M., Xu, W., Coupling effect of double lungs on a VCV ventilator with automatic secretion clearance function (2017) IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, , 2017; Shi, Y., Zhang, B., Cai, M., Zhang, X., Numerical simulation of volume-controlled mechanical ventilated respiratory system with two different lungs (2016) International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, 33. , https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2852, 11 2016; Shin, S., Hashimoto, T., Hatano, S., Automatic detection system for cough sounds as a symptom of abnormal health condition (2009) IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 13 (4), pp. 486-493. , 2009; Sterling, M.J., Rhee, H., Bocko, M.F., Automated cough assessment on a mobile platform (2014) Journal of Medical Engineering 2014, , 2014; Taib, R., Itzstein, B., Yu, K., Synchronising physiological and behavioural sensors in a driving simulator (2014) Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (Istanbul, Turkey) (ICMI '14), pp. 188-195. , https://doi.org/10.1145/2663204.2663262, Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA; Teyhouee, A., Osgood, N.D., (2019) Cough Detection Using Hidden Markov Models, , http://arxiv.org/abs/1904.12354, CoRR abs/1904.12354(2019). arXiv:1904.12354; Vatanparvar, K., Nemati, E., Nathan, V., Mahbubur Rahman, M., Kuang, J., Coughmatch-subject verification using cough forpersonal passive health monitoring (2020) 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), , IEEE, IEEE, New York, NY, USA; Vizel, E., Yigla, M., Goryachev, Y., Dekel, E., Felis, V., Levi, H., Kroin, I., Gavriely, N., Validation of an ambulatory cough detection and counting application using voluntary cough under different conditions (2010) Cough, 6 (1), p. 3. , 2010; Wahslén, J., Orhan, I., Sturm, D., Lindh, T., Performance evaluation of time synchronization and clock drift compensation in wireless personal area networks (2012) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Body Area Networks (Oslo, Norway) (BodyNets '12), , ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), Brussels, BEL, 153 PB - Association for Computing Machinery, Inc PY - 2020 SN - 9781450375818 (ISBN) SP - 614-619 ST - Automated Time Synchronization of Cough Events from Multimodal Sensors in Mobile Devices T2 - 22nd ACM International Conference on Multimodal Interaction, ICMI 2020 TI - Automated Time Synchronization of Cough Events from Multimodal Sensors in Mobile Devices UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096718051&doi=10.1145%2f3382507.3418855&partnerID=40&md5=01196379080eb405290b827ac8779021 Y2 - 25 October 2020 through 29 October 2020 ID - 322 ER - TY - JOUR AD - School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, United States AU - Alexander, S. M. K. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s40670-020-01037-5 IS - 4 J2 - Med. Sci. Educ. LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Alexander, S.M.K.; School of Medicine, CB 3280, United States; email: seth_alexander@med.unc.edu References: Paules, C.I., Marston, H.D., Fauci, A.S., Coronavirus infections—more than just the common cold (2020) JAMA., 323 (8), p. 707; Ranney, M.L., Griffeth, V., Jha, A.K., Critical supply shortages — the need for ventilators and personal protective equipment during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (18); Important Guidance for Medical Students on Clinical Rotations during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak, , https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/press-releases/important-guidance-medical-students-clinical-rotations-during-coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak, AAMC, Published 2020. Accessed May 22, 2020; Rose, S., Medical student education in the time of COVID-19 (2020) JAMA, 323, p. 2131; https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-geneva/, Published 2017. Accessed May 22, 2020UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088659465&doi=10.1007%2fs40670-020-01037-5&partnerID=40&md5=43c53c848b8c7fc21603f5eeae7f13f8 PY - 2020 SN - 21568650 (ISSN) SP - 1639-1640 ST - Learning Amidst a Crisis—a Student Perspective on COVID-19 T2 - Medical Science Educator TI - Learning Amidst a Crisis—a Student Perspective on COVID-19 VL - 30 ID - 280 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has impacted many facets of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in both developed and developing countries. Realizing the challenges as a result of this pandemic affecting the daily practice of the HCT centers and the recognition of the variability in practice worldwide, the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) and the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research's (CIBMTR) Health Services and International Studies Committee have jointly produced an expert opinion statement as a general guide to deal with certain aspects of HCT, including diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 in HCT recipient, pre- and post-HCT management, donor issues, medical tourism, and facilities management. During these crucial times, which may last for months or years, the HCT community must reorganize to proceed with transplantation activity in those patients who urgently require it, albeit with extreme caution. This shared knowledge may be of value to the HCT community in the absence of high-quality evidence-based medicine. © 2020 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. © 2020 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy AD - Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Adult Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Haematology, St George's Hospital and Medical School, London, United Kingdom Cell Therapy Facility, Blood Services Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore Division of Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minnesota Center for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan Clinical Haematology at Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Cord Blood Bank, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Division of Hematology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, Sao Paulo, Brazil Hematology and Oncology Department, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang, China Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New YorkNew York, United States Weill Cornell Medical College, New YorkNew York, United States Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States Hematology Department, Henri Mondor Hospital, and University Paris-Est Créteil, France Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington and Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany Service d'Hématologie Clinique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS 938, Paris, France Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany Division of Hematology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, Rochester AU - Algwaiz, G. AU - Aljurf, M. AU - Koh, M. AU - Horowitz, M. M. AU - Ljungman, P. AU - Weisdorf, D. AU - Saber, W. AU - Kodera, Y. AU - Szer, J. AU - Jawdat, D. AU - Wood, W. A. AU - Brazauskas, R. AU - Lehmann, L. AU - Pasquini, M. C. AU - Seber, A. AU - Lu, P. H. AU - Atsuta, Y. AU - Riches, M. AU - Perales, M. A. AU - Worel, N. AU - Okamoto, S. AU - Srivastava, A. AU - Chemaly, R. F. AU - Cordonnier, C. AU - Dandoy, C. E. AU - Wingard, J. R. AU - Kharfan-Dabaja, M. A. AU - Hamadani, M. AU - Majhail, N. S. AU - Waghmare, A. A. AU - Chao, N. AU - Kröger, N. AU - Shaw, B. AU - Mohty, M. AU - Niederwieser, D. AU - Greinix, H. AU - Hashmi, S. K. AU - for the, Wbmt AU - the, Cibmtr Health Services AU - International Studies, Committee C2 - 32717432 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.07.021 , Accessed 19 July; Majhail, N.S., Farnia, S.H., Carpenter, P.A., Indications for autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: guidelines from the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (2015) Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 21, pp. 1863-1869; Niederwieser, D., Baldomero, H., Szer, J., Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation activity worldwide in 2012 and a SWOT analysis of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group including the global survey (2016) Bone Marrow Transplant, 51, pp. 778-785; Wu, C., Chen, X., Cai, Y., Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Intern Med, 180, pp. 1-11; https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/ASBMT/a1e2ac9a-36d2-4e23-945c-45118b667268/UploadedImages/COVID-19_Interim_Patient_Guidelines_3_9_20_V2.pdf, American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Interim guidelines for covid-19 management in hematopoietic cell transplant and cellular therapy patients. Available through: Accessed 19 July 2020; Ljungman, P., Mikulska, M., (2020), de la Camara R, The challenge of COVID-19 and hematopoietic cell transplantation; EBMT recommendations for management of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, their donors, and patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy [e-pub ahead of print]. Bone Marrow Transplant. doi:, Accessed 19 July; Bachanova, V., Bishop, M.R., Dahi, P., Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 26, pp. 1239-1246; Stanworth, S.J., Estcourt, L.J., Powter, G., A no-prophylaxis platelet-transfusion strategy for hematologic cancers (2013) N Engl J Med, 368, pp. 1771-1780; Mahmoudjafari, Z., Alexander, M., Roddy, J., et al, American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Pharmacy Special Interest Group position statement on pharmacy practice management and clinical management for COVID-19 in hematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapy patients in the United States (2020) Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 26, pp. 1043-1049; Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1843-1844; Wernike, K., Keller, M., Conraths, F.J., Mettenleiter, T.C., Groschup, M.H., Beer, M., (2020), Pitfalls in SARS-CoV-2 PCR diagnostics [e-pub ahead of print].Transbound Emerg Dis. doi:, Accessed 19 July; (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronavirus disease: symptoms. Available at: Accessed 25 June; Gao, Y., Li, T., Han, M., Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID‐19 (2020) J Med Virol, 92, pp. 791-796; Lippi, G., Plebani, M., Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection (2020) Clin Chem Lab Med, 58, pp. 1131-1134; Principi, N., (2020), Esposito S.Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis of COVID-19 [e-pub ahead of print]. Lancet Infect Dis. doi:, Accessed 19 July; Cortegiani, A., Ingoglia, G., Ippolito, M., Giarratano, A., Einav, S., A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 (2020) J Crit Care, 57, pp. 279-283; Zhang, L., Zhu, F., Xie, L., Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China (2020) Ann Oncol, 31, pp. 894-901; Xia, Y., Jin, R., Zhao, J., Li, W., Shen, H., Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, p. e180; Fung, M., Babik, J.M., COVID-19 in immunocompromised hosts: what we know so far. Clin Infect Dis. doi:. Accessed 19 July 2020. [e-pub ahead of print]; Xu, B., Xing, Y., Peng, J., Chest CT for detecting COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy. Eur Radiol. doi:. Accessed 19 July 2020. [e-pub ahead of print]; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Chang, L., Zhao, L., Gong, H., Wang, L.L., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA detected in blood donations (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26, pp. 1631-1633; (2020), https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/important-information-human-cell-tissue-or-cellular-or-tissue-based-product-hctp-establishments, Food and Drug Administration. Important Information for Human Cell, Tissue, or Cellular or Tissue-based Product (HCT/P) Establishments Regarding the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak 2/14/2020. Available at: Accessed 19 July; (2020), http://www.aabb.org/advocacy/regulatorygovernment/Documents/Impact-of-2019-Novel-Coronavirus-on-Blood-Donation.pdf, American Association of Blood Banks. Update: Impact of 2019 novel coronavirus and blood safety. February 25, 2020. Available at: Accessed 19 July; (2020), https://www.wbmt.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/WBMT_COVID-19-2.pdf, Worldwide Network for Blood & Marrow Transplantation (WBMT). Coronavirus and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation [press release]. February 24 Re-accessed 19 July 2020; Ranieri, V.M., Rubenfeld, G.D., et al, Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition (2012) JAMA, 307, pp. 2526-2533; Nawar, T., Morjaria, S., Kaltsas, A., (2020), Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in COVID-19: is it stimulating more than just the bone marrow? Am J Hematol. doi:. Re-accessed 19 July; Tay, J., Allan, D.S., Chatelain, E., Liberal versus restrictive red blood cell transfusion thresholds in hematopoietic cell transplantation: a randomized, open label, phase III, noninferiority trial (2020) J Clin Oncol, 38, pp. 1463-1473; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci Transl Med, 9. , eaal3653; de Wit, E., Feldmann, F., Cronin, J., Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 117, pp. 6771-6776; Food, U.S., (2020), https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-issues-emergency-use-authorization-potential-covid-19-treatment, Drug Administration. Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA issues emergency use authorization for potential COVID-19 treatment. Available at: Accessed 19 July; Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Du, G., Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1569-1578; Xu, X., Han, M., Li, T., Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab (2020) ChinaXiv, , 202003.00026v1; Liu, R., Miller, J., (2020), https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-roche-hldg/china-approves-use-of-roche-drug-in-battle-against-coronavirus-complications-idUSKBN20R0LF, China approves use of Roche drug in battle against coronavirus complications. March 4, 2020. Available at: Accessed 18 April; McGonagle, D., Sharif, K., O'Regan, A., Bridgewood, C., Interleukin-6 use in COVID-19 pneumonia related macrophage activation syndrome (2020) Autoimmun Rev, 19; Kimmig, L.M., Wu, D., Gold, M., IL6 inhibition in critically ill COVID-19 patients is associated with increased secondary infections (2020) medRxiv, , 05.15.20103531; Shen, C., Wang, Z., Zhao, F., Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1582-1589; Duan, K., Liu, B., Li, C., The feasibility of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients: a pilot study (2020) medRxiv, , 03.16.20036145; Gautret, P., Lagier, J.C., Parola, P., Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 56; Chen, Z., Hu, J., Zhang, Z., Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial (2020) medRxiv, , 03.22.20040758; Magagnoli, J., Narendran, S., Pereira, F., Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with COVID-19 (2020) medRxiv, , 04.16.20065920; Geleris, J., Sun, Y., Platt, J., Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 2411-2418; Rosenberg, E.S., Dufort, E.M., Udo, T., Association of treatment with hydroxychloroquine or azithromycin with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 in New York State (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2493-2502; Tang, W., Cao, Z., Han, M., Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open-label, randomised controlled trial (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1849; Mehra, M.R., Desai, S.S., Ruschitzka, F., Patel, A.R., Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis. Lancet. 5-22-2020. doi:; Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1787-1799; Chen, C., Zhang, Y., Huang, J., Favipiravir versus arbidol for COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial (2020) medRxiv, , 03.17.20037432; Bouchentouf, S., Missoum, N., Identification of compounds from Nigella sativa as new potential inhibitors of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19): molecular docking study (2020) medRxiv, , 202004.0079.v1; Diurno F, N.F., Porta G, Eculizumab treatment in patients with COVID-19: preliminary results from real life ASL Napoli 2 Nord experience (2020) Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 24, pp. 4040-4047; Gritti, G., Raimondi, F., Ripamonti, D., Use of siltuximab in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring ventilatory support (2020) medRxiv, 4, pp. 1912-1915; (2020), RECOVERY Collaborative Group; Horby P, Lim WS, Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19: preliminary report [e-pub ahead of print]. N Engl J Med. doi:. Accessed 19 July; Zhao, R., Wang, H., Wang, X., Feng, F., Steroid therapy and the risk of osteonecrosis in SARS patients: a dose-response meta-analysis (2017) Osteoporos Int, 28, pp. 1027-1034; Wang, Y., Jiang, W., He, Q., Early, low-dose and short-term application of corticosteroid treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: single-center experience from Wuhan, China (2020) medRxiv, , 03.06.20032342; Leng, Z., Zhu, R., Hou, W., Transplantation of ACE2- mesenchymal stem cells improves the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (2020) Aging Dis, 11, pp. 216-228; Voiriot, G., Philippot, Q., Elabbadi, A., Elbim, C., Chalumeau, M., Fartoukh, M., Risks related to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in community-acquired pneumonia in adult and pediatric patients (2019) J Clin Med, 8, p. 786; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181. , 271-280.e8; Li, Y., Xie, Z., Lin, W., An exploratory randomized controlled study on the efficacy and safety of lopinavir/ritonavir or arbidol treating adult patients hospitalized with mild/moderate COVID-19 (ELACOI) (2020) medRxiv, , 03.19.20038984 IS - 12 J2 - Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. KW - COVID-19 Pandemic Stem cells Transplantation azithromycin chloroquine corticosteroid dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor eculizumab favipiravir hydroxychloroquine ibrutinib immunosuppressive agent lopinavir plus ritonavir Nigella sativa extract posaconazole remdesivir ruxolitinib SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma siltuximab tocilizumab umifenovir voriconazole Article coronavirus disease 2019 donor evidence based medicine hematopoietic stem cell transplantation hospitalization human mesenchymal stroma cell nonhuman recipient Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 treatment planning bone marrow transplantation diagnosis epidemiology practice guideline therapy Humans SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: BBMTF Correspondence Address: Aljurf, M.; Department of Adult Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Riyadh, SA, Zahrawi St, Al Maathe, Al Maazer; email: maljurf@kfshrc.edu.sa Chemicals/CAS: azithromycin, 83905-01-5, 117772-70-0, 121470-24-4; chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; eculizumab, 219685-50-4; favipiravir, 259793-96-9; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; ibrutinib, 936563-96-1; posaconazole, 171228-49-2; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; ruxolitinib, 1092939-17-7, 941678-49-5; siltuximab, 541502-14-1; tocilizumab, 375823-41-9; umifenovir, 131707-23-8, 131707-25-0; voriconazole, 137234-62-9 Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: Merck Funding details: Novartis Funding details: Sanofi Funding details: Gilead Sciences Funding details: Janssen Biotech Funding details: Alexion Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Funding details: AbbVie Funding details: Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Funding details: Janssen Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Takeda Canada Funding details: Daiichi Sankyo Company Funding details: Astellas Pharma Funding text 1: Conflict of interest statement: M.K. has received honoraria from Gilead and Alexion. M.K.D. has served as a consultant for Pharmacyclics and Daiichi Sankyo. M.H. has received research support/funding from Takeda Pharmaceutical, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, and Astellas Pharma; served as a consultant for Janssen R&D and Incyte; and served on the speaker's bureau for Sanofi Genzyme and AstraZeneca. D.W. reports research support from Incyte and consulting fees from FATE. S.H. reports honoraria and travel funding from Pfizer, Novartis, Gilead, Merck, Sanofi, Mallinckrodt, and Janssen. M.-A.P. has received honoraria from Abbvie, Bellicum, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Incyte, Kite/Gilead, Merck, Novartis, Nektar Therapeutics, Omeros, and Takeda; has served on data safety and monitoring boards for Cidara Therapeutics, Servier, and Medigene and scientific advisory boards for MolMed and NexImmune; has received research support for clinical trials from Incyte, Kite/Gilead; and Miltenyi Biotec; and serves in a volunteer capacity as a member of the Board of Directors of Be The Match (National Marrow Donor Program), as well as on the CIBMTR Cellular Immunotherapy Data Resource Executive Committee. C.C. reports honoraria/travel funding from Astellas Pharma, Gilead, Merck, and Pfizer. A.W. has received research support from Ansun, WB Tech, Amazon and Allovir, and is a consultant for Kyorin. Funding text 2: Financial disclosure:, Conflict of interest statement: M.K. has received honoraria from Gilead and Alexion. M.K.D. has served as a consultant for Pharmacyclics and Daiichi Sankyo. M.H. has received research support/funding from Takeda Pharmaceutical, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, and Astellas Pharma; served as a consultant for Janssen R&D and Incyte; and served on the speaker's bureau for Sanofi Genzyme and AstraZeneca. D.W. reports research support from Incyte and consulting fees from FATE. S.H. reports honoraria and travel funding from Pfizer, Novartis, Gilead, Merck, Sanofi, Mallinckrodt, and Janssen. M.-A.P. has received honoraria from Abbvie, Bellicum, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Incyte, Kite/Gilead, Merck, Novartis, Nektar Therapeutics, Omeros, and Takeda; has served on data safety and monitoring boards for Cidara Therapeutics, Servier, and Medigene and scientific advisory boards for MolMed and NexImmune; has received research support for clinical trials from Incyte, Kite/Gilead; and Miltenyi Biotec; and serves in a volunteer capacity as a member of the Board of Directors of Be The Match (National Marrow Donor Program), as well as on the CIBMTR Cellular Immunotherapy Data Resource Executive Committee. C.C. reports honoraria/travel funding from Astellas Pharma, Gilead, Merck, and Pfizer. A.W. has received research support from Ansun, WB Tech, Amazon and Allovir, and is a consultant for Kyorin. Financial disclosure: See Acknowledgments on page 2188. PY - 2020 SN - 10838791 (ISSN) SP - 2181-2189 ST - Real-World Issues and Potential Solutions in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Health Services and International Studies Committee T2 - Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation TI - Real-World Issues and Potential Solutions in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research Health Services and International Studies Committee UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089451061&doi=10.1016%2fj.bbmt.2020.07.021&partnerID=40&md5=d25e07215c8e085e43e6ba389a0dd2b5 VL - 26 ID - 278 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND Testing of vaccine candidates to prevent infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in an older population is important, since increased incidences of illness and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have been associated with an older age. METHODS We conducted a phase 1, dose-escalation, open-label trial of a messenger RNA vaccine, mRNA-1273, which encodes the stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-2P) in healthy adults. The trial was expanded to include 40 older adults, who were stratified according to age (56 to 70 years or ≥71 years). All the participants were assigned sequentially to receive two doses of either 25 μg or 100 μg of vaccine administered 28 days apart. RESULTS Solicited adverse events were predominantly mild or moderate in severity and most frequently included fatigue, chills, headache, myalgia, and pain at the injection site. Such adverse events were dose-dependent and were more common after the second immunization. Binding-antibody responses increased rapidly after the first immunization. By day 57, among the participants who received the 25-μg dose, the anti-S-2P geometric mean titer (GMT) was 323,945 among those between the ages of 56 and 70 years and 1,128,391 among those who were 71 years of age or older; among the participants who received the 100-μg dose, the GMT in the two age subgroups was 1,183,066 and 3,638,522, respectively. After the second immunization, serum neutralizing activity was detected in all the participants by multiple methods. Binding- and neutralizing-antibody responses appeared to be similar to those previously reported among vaccine recipients between the ages of 18 and 55 years and were above the median of a panel of controls who had donated convalescent serum. The vaccine elicited a strong CD4 cytokine response involving type 1 helper T cells. CONCLUSIONS In this small study involving older adults, adverse events associated with the mRNA-1273 vaccine were mainly mild or moderate. The 100-μg dose induced higher binding- and neutralizing-antibody titers than the 25-μg dose, which supports the use of the 100-μg dose in a phase 3 vaccine trial. © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society. AD - Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Georgia, MD, United States Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Georgia, MD, United States Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur, GA, United States Vaccine Research CenterMD, United States Division of Microbiology and Infectious DiseasesMD, United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Emmes Company, Rockville, MD, United States Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, United States Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, United States Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, Nashville, United States Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, United States Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, United States Moderna, Cambridge, MA, United States Departments of Epidemiology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Anderson, E. J. AU - Rouphael, N. G. AU - Widge, A. T. AU - Jackson, L. A. AU - Roberts, P. C. AU - Makhene, M. AU - Chappell, J. D. AU - Denison, M. R. AU - Stevens, L. J. AU - Pruijssers, A. J. AU - McDermott, A. B. AU - Flach, B. AU - Lin, B. C. AU - Doria-Rose, N. A. AU - O'Dell, S. AU - Schmidt, S. D. AU - Corbett, K. S. AU - Swanson, P. A., II AU - Padilla, M. AU - Neuzil, K. M. AU - Bennett, H. AU - Leav, B. AU - Makowski, M. AU - Albert, J. AU - Cross, K. AU - Edara, V. V. AU - Floyd, K. AU - Suthar, M. S. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Baric, R. AU - Buchanan, W. AU - Luke, C. J. AU - Phadke, V. K. AU - Rostad, C. A. AU - Ledgerwood, J. E. AU - Graham, B. S. AU - Beigel, J. H. AU - the m, R. N. A. Study Group C2 - 32991794 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa2028436 IS - 25 J2 - New Engl. J. Med. KW - mRNA 1273 neutralizing antibody RNA vaccine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine unclassified drug virus spike protein coronavirus spike glycoprotein mRNA-1273 vaccine spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody adult age aged antibody blood level antibody detection antibody response antibody titer antigen binding Article CD4+ T lymphocyte cellular immunity chill clinical article coronavirus disease 2019 cytokine response disease severity drug safety fatigue female headache human immunogenicity injection site pain male myalgia phase 1 clinical trial priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Th1 cell time to treatment administration and dosage adverse event blood clinical trial dose response immunology middle aged physiology prevention and control serodiagnosis T lymphocyte Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Humans Neutralization Tests SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus T-Lymphocytes LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :147 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NEJMA Correspondence Address: Anderson, E.J.; Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, 2015 Uppergate Dr., United States; email: evanderson@emory.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19 Vaccines; mRNA-1273 vaccine; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, UL1 TR002243 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS Funding details: School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Funding details: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, VUMC, HHSN272201500002C Funding details: Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, CEPI Funding text 1: Supported by grants (UM1AI148373, to Kaiser Washington; UM1AI148576, UM1AI148684, and NIH P51 OD011132, to Emory University; NIH AID AI149644, to the University of North Carolina; UM1Al148684-01S1, to Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and HHSN272201500002C, to Emmes) from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); by a grant (UL1 TR002243, to Vanderbilt University Medical Center) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH; and by the Dolly Parton Covid-19 Research Fund (to Vanderbilt University Medical Center). Laboratory efforts were in part supported by the Emory Executive Vice President for Health Affairs Synergy Fund award, the Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Covid-Catalyst-I3 Funds from the Woodruff Health Sciences Center and Emory School of Medicine, and North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly. Funding for the manufacture of mRNA-1273 phase 1 material was provided by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation. References: (2020) Draft Landscape of COVID-19 Candidate Vaccines, , https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines, September 9; Jackson, L.A., Anderson, E.J., Rouphael, N.G., An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 - Preliminary report N Engl J Med; Corbett, K.S., Flynn, B., Foulds, K.E., Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates NEnglJMed; Corbett, K.S., Edwards, D., Leist, S.R., (2020) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Development Enabled by Prototype Pathogen Preparedness, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.145920v1, June 11, preprint; Lang, P.O., Govind, S., Bokum, A.T., Immune senescence and vaccination in the elderly (2013) Curr Top Med Chem, 13, pp. 2541-2550; Williamson, E.J., Walker, A.J., Bhaskaran, K., Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 430-436; Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - United States, February 12-March 16, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 343-346; Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269; Korber, B., Fischer, W.M., Gnanakaran, S., Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 virus (2020) Cell, 182 (4), pp. 812e19-827e19; Hou, Y.J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C.E., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 182 (2), pp. 429e14-446e14; Xie, X., Muruato, A., Lokugamage, K.G., An infectious cDNA clone of SARSCoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27 (5), pp. 841e3-848e3; Mulligan, M.J., Lyke, K.E., Kitchin, N., (2020) Phase 1/2 Study to Describe the Safety and Immunogenicity of a COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate (BNT162b1) in Adults 18 to 55 Years of Age: Interim Report, , https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.20142570v1, July 1, preprint; Walsh, E.E., Frenck, R., Falsey, A.R., (2020) RNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine BNT162b2 Selected for a Pivotal Efficacy Study, , https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176651v2, August 28, preprint; Plotkin, S.A., Correlates of protection induced by vaccination (2010) Clin Vaccine Immunol, 17, pp. 1055-1065; Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A.J., SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 812-817; Corbett, K.S., Edwards, D.K., Leist, S.R., SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness (2020) Nature, , August 5 Epub ahead of print; Ciabattini, A., Nardini, C., Santoro, F., Garagnani, P., Franceschi, C., Medaglini, D., Vaccination in the elderly: The challenge of immune changes with aging (2018) Semin Immunol, 40, pp. 83-94; Levin, M.J., Oxman, M.N., Zhang, J.H., Varicella-zoster virus-specific immune responses in elderly recipients of a herpes zoster vaccine (2008) J Infect Dis, 197, pp. 825-835; Ledgerwood, J.E., Pierson, T.C., Hubka, S.A., A west nile virus DNA vaccine utilizing a modified promoter induces neutralizing antibody in younger and older healthy adults in a phase I clinical trial (2011) J Infect Dis, 203, pp. 1396-1404; Pallesen, J., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen (2017) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 114, pp. E7348-E7357; Wec, A.Z., Wrapp, D., Herbert, A.S., Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies (2020) Science, 369, pp. 731-736; Modjarrad, K., Roberts, C.C., Mills, K.T., Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: A phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial (2019) Lancet Infect Dis, 19, pp. 1013-1022; Martin, J.E., Louder, M.K., Holman, L.A., A SARS DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses in healthy adults in a phase I clinical trial (2008) Vaccine, 26, pp. 6338-6343; Long, Q.-X., Tang, X.-J., Shi, Q.-L., Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 1200-1204; Cao, W.-C., Liu, W., Zhang, P.-H., Zhang, F., Richardus, J.H., Disappearance of antibodies to SARS-associated coronavirus after recovery (2007) N Engl J Med, 357, pp. 1162-1163; Feldman, R.A., Fuhr, R., Smolenov, I., mRNA vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses of pandemic potential are immunogenic and well tolerated in healthy adults in phase 1 randomized clinical trials (2019) Vaccine, 37, pp. 3326-3334; van Damme, P., Long-term protection after hepatitis B vaccine (2016) J Infect Dis, 214, pp. 1-3; Andrew, M.K., Shinde, V., Ye, L., The importance of frailty in the assessment of influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza-related hospitalization in elderly people (2017) J Infect Dis, 216, pp. 405-414 PY - 2020 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) SP - 2427-2438 ST - Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in older adults T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in older adults UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098289123&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMoa2028436&partnerID=40&md5=b76795ca12522b511176bac9f084da5a VL - 383 ID - 239 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng, Prathum Thani, 12000, Thailand Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Manorom Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Bumrungrad Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Opthalmology, Rutnin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Apisarnthanarak, A. AU - Apisarnthanarak, P. AU - Siripraparat, C. AU - Saengaram, P. AU - Leeprechanon, N. AU - Weber, D. J. C2 - 32507115 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1017/ice.2020.280 IS - 9 J2 - Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. KW - adult anxiety disorder Article coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic fear female generalized anxiety disorder hand washing health care personnel health care policy health survey hospital policy human infection control infection prevention infection risk major clinical study male nurse nursing assistant patient safety physician private hospital social distancing Thailand university hospital virus transmission anxiety Betacoronavirus clinical practice Coronavirus infection disease transmission health care survey health personnel attitude middle aged nursing practice pandemic prevention and control procedures psychology statistical model virus pneumonia Attitude of Health Personnel Coronavirus Infections Health Care Surveys Health Personnel Humans Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional Logistic Models Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Practice Patterns, Nurses' Practice Patterns, Physicians' LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :17 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ICEPE Correspondence Address: Apisarnthanarak, A.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Thailand; email: anapisarn@yahoo.com Funding text 1: No financial support was provided relevant to this article. References: Hoehl, S., Rabenau, H., Berger, A., Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in returning travelers from Wuhan, China (2020) N Eng J Med, 382, pp. 1278-1280; Chirico, F., Nucera, G., Magnavita, N., COVID-19: Protecting healthcare workers is a priority (2020) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, , Apr 17 [Epub ahead of print]; Gandhi, M., Yokoe, D.S., Havlir, D.V., Asymptomatic transmission, the Achilles' heel of current strategies to control COVID-19 (2020) N Eng J Med, 382, pp. 2158-2160; (2020) COVID-19 Infection Situation Report, , https://covid19.ddc.moph.go.th/en, Department of Disease Control website., Published, Accessed April 26, 2020; Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., Li, L., Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study (2020) Physchiatry Res, 288, p. 112936; Lima, C.K.T., Carvalho, P.M.M., Lima, I.A.A.S., The emotional impact of coronavirus 2019-nCoV (new coronavirus disease) (2020) Physchiatry Res, 287, p. 1112915; Spitzer, R.L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J.B., Lowe, B., A brief measure for accessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7 (2006) Arch Intern Med, 166, pp. 1092-1097 PY - 2020 SN - 0899823X (ISSN) SP - 1093-1094 ST - Impact of anxiety and fear for COVID-19 toward infection control practices among Thai healthcare workers T2 - Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology TI - Impact of anxiety and fear for COVID-19 toward infection control practices among Thai healthcare workers UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086249425&doi=10.1017%2fice.2020.280&partnerID=40&md5=bad8ea0a7975fb263bd77a0079a44ae9 VL - 41 ID - 402 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Prathum Thani, Thailand Manorom Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Research and Consulting Service, Michael Ullmann Consulting, United States Bumrungrad Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Department of Ophthalmology, Rutnin Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Apisarnthanarak, A. AU - Siripraparat, C. AU - Apisarnthanarak, P. AU - Ullmann, M. AU - Saengaram, P. AU - Leeprechanon, N. AU - Weber, D. J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1017/ice.2020.1240 J2 - Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. KW - Anxiety Confidence COVID-19 Fear Infection control practices Patients LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ICEPE Correspondence Address: Apisarnthanarak, A.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Thailand; email: anapisarn@yahoo.com References: Lima, C.K.T., Carvalho, P.M.M., Lima, I.A.A.S., The emotional impact of coronavirus 2019-nCOV (new coronavirus disease) (2020) Phychiatry Res, , in press; Li, W., Yang, Y., Liu, Z.H., Progression of mental health service during COVID-19 outbreak in China (2020) Int J Biol Sci, 16, pp. 1732-1738; Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., Li, L., Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study (2020) Physchiatry Res, 288, p. 112936; Spitzer, R.L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J.B., Lowe, B., A brief measure for accessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7 (2006) Arch Intern Med, 166, pp. 1092-1097; Bruns, D.P., Kraguljac, N.V., Bruns, T.R., CoviD-19: Facts, cultural consideration and risk of stigmatization (2020) J Transcult Nurs, 31, pp. 326-332 PY - 2020 SN - 0899823X (ISSN) ST - Patients’ anxiety, fear and panic for covid-19 and confidence in hospital infection control policy in outpatient departments: A survey from four Thai hospitals T2 - Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology TI - Patients’ anxiety, fear and panic for covid-19 and confidence in hospital infection control policy in outpatient departments: A survey from four Thai hospitals UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092572811&doi=10.1017%2fice.2020.1240&partnerID=40&md5=8e296e1c0e22e660a90435542e5c9e37 ID - 548 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Chemical reactions on indoor surfaces play an important role in air quality in indoor environments, where humans spend 90% of their time. We focus on the challenges of understanding the complex chemistry that takes place on indoor surfaces and identify crucial steps necessary to gain a molecular-level understanding of environmental indoor surface chemistry: (1) elucidate key surface reaction mechanisms and kinetics important to indoor air chemistry, (2) define a range of relevant and representative surfaces to probe, and (3) define the drivers of surface reactivity, particularly with respect to the surface composition, light, and temperature. Within the drivers of surface composition are the roles of adsorbed/absorbed water associated with indoor surfaces and the prevalence, inhomogeneity, and properties of secondary organic films that can impact surface reactivity. By combining laboratory studies, field measurements, and modeling we can gain insights into the molecular processes necessary to further our understanding of the indoor environment. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Humans spend ∼90% of their time indoors. However, understanding the chemistry that occurs on indoor surfaces and its impact on air quality is still in its nascent stages due to the complexity of indoor surfaces. High surface-to-volume ratios indoors increase gas-surface collisions, but molecular mechanisms for surface reactions are often poorly understood, despite their importance becoming increasingly clear. Equilibrium thermodynamics poorly explain indoor surface chemistry, with key kinetic effects observed. Drivers of surface reactivity include relative humidity, temperature, light, and surface pH. Highlighted findings are the ubiquitous presence of aqueous and secondary organic films, their ability to act as reservoirs of contaminants, and impacts on gas and particle lifetimes. Indoor surface chemistry impacts multiple U.N. Sustainable Global Goals that point to the importance of further integration of laboratory, modeling, and real-world measurements to understand the air we breathe indoors. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, North Yorkshire YO10 5NG, United Kingdom Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada Department of Chemistry, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, United States Indoor Environment Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, United States Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, United States Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States AU - Ault, A. P. AU - Grassian, V. H. AU - Carslaw, N. AU - Collins, D. B. AU - Destaillats, H. AU - Donaldson, D. J. AU - Farmer, D. K. AU - Jimenez, J. L. AU - McNeill, V. F. AU - Morrison, G. C. AU - O'Brien, R. E. AU - Shiraiwa, M. AU - Vance, M. E. AU - Wells, J. R. AU - Xiong, W. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.08.023 IS - 12 J2 - Chem KW - acid-base chemistry adsorption indoor air quality indoor chemistry indoor surfaces partitioning photochemistry SDG11: Sustainable cities and communities SDG3: Good health and well-being SDG9: Industry, innovation, and infrastructure surface chemistry volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CHEMV Correspondence Address: Ault, A.P.; Department of Chemistry, United States; email: aulta@umich.edu Correspondence Address: Grassian, V.H.; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, United States; email: vhgrassian@ucsd.edu Funding details: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Funding details: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, G-2018-10122 Funding text 1: Dr. Paula Olsiewski is acknowledged for her leadership of the Chemistry of Indoor Environments program, which enabled this review. This work was supported by the Sloan Foundation’s Chemistry of Indoor Environments (CIE) program, specifically grant G-2018-10122 (Ault), which funded the “Molecular Insights into Chemical Reactions on Indoor Surfaces” workshop at the University of Michigan, May 7–8, 2018, organized by Professors Ault and Grassian, which inspired many of the ideas behind this work. The Sloan Surface Consortium for Chemistry of Indoor Environments (SURF-CIE) grew out of this workshop and has driven further efforts (Sloan grant: G-2019-12365 ). The MOdelling Consortium for Chemistry of Indoor Environments ( MOCCIE) modeling effort (Sloan grant: G-2019-12306 ) has helped drive the exploration of the role of the surface in indoor air chemistry. Professor Doug Tobias is acknowledged for the molecular model representation of an indoor surface depicted through the magnifying glass in Figure 1 . Nicole Olson is acknowledged for the electron microscopy images in Figure 1 . Lightbulb and thermometer in Figure 2 are from FlatIcon. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Mention of any commercial product or trade name does not constitute endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Funding text 2: Dr. Paula Olsiewski is acknowledged for her leadership of the Chemistry of Indoor Environments program, which enabled this review. This work was supported by the Sloan Foundation's Chemistry of Indoor Environments (CIE) program, specifically grant G-2018-10122 (Ault), which funded the ?Molecular Insights into Chemical Reactions on Indoor Surfaces? workshop at the University of Michigan, May 7?8, 2018, organized by Professors Ault and Grassian, which inspired many of the ideas behind this work. The Sloan Surface Consortium for Chemistry of Indoor Environments (SURF-CIE) grew out of this workshop and has driven further efforts (Sloan grant: G-2019-12365). The MOdelling Consortium for Chemistry of Indoor Environments (MOCCIE) modeling effort (Sloan grant: G-2019-12306) has helped drive the exploration of the role of the surface in indoor air chemistry. Professor Doug Tobias is acknowledged for the molecular model representation of an indoor surface depicted through the magnifying glass in Figure 1. Nicole Olson is acknowledged for the electron microscopy images in Figure 1. Lightbulb and thermometer in Figure 2 are from FlatIcon. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Mention of any commercial product or trade name does not constitute endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. A.P.A. and V.H.G. proposed the topic of the review, organized the workshop that was the genesis of the review, conducted the literature review, wrote the manuscript, and made the figures. N.C. D.B.C. H.D. D.J.D. D.K.F. J.L.J. V.F.M. G.C.M. R.E.O. M.S. M.E.V. J.R.W. and W.X. participated in the workshop, provided input on the manuscript, and contributed revisions and edits. References: Clarivate, Web of science search (2020), https://clarivate.com/webofsciencegroup/solutions/web-of-science/; Klepeis, N.E., Nelson, W.C., Ott, W.R., Robinson, J.P., Tsang, A.M., Switzer, P., Behar, J.V., Engelmann, W.H., The national human activity pattern survey (NHAPS): a resource for assessing exposure to environmental pollutants (2001) J. Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol, 11, pp. 231-252; Weschler, C.J., Changes in indoor pollutants since the 1950s (2009) Atmos. Environ., 43, pp. 153-169; Fang, Y., Riahi, S., McDonald, A.T., Shrestha, M., Tobias, D.J., Grassian, V.H., What is the driving force behind the adsorption of hydrophobic molecules on hydrophilic surfaces? (2019) J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 10, pp. 468-473; Fang, Y., Lakey, P.S.J., Riahi, S., McDonald, A.T., Shrestha, M., Tobias, D.J., Shiraiwa, M., Grassian, V.H., A molecular picture of surface interactions of organic compounds on prevalent indoor surfaces: limonene adsorption on SiO2 (2019) Chem. Sci., 10, pp. 2906-2914; Manuja, A., Ritchie, J., Buch, K., Wu, Y., Eichler, C.M.A., Little, J.C., Marr, L.C., Total surface area in indoor environments (2019) Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 21, pp. 1384-1392; Singer, B.C., Hodgson, A.T., Hotchi, T., Ming, K.Y., Sextro, R.G., Wood, E.E., Brown, N.J., Sorption of organic gases in residential rooms (2007) Atmos. Environ., 41, pp. 3251-3265; Wisthaler, A., Weschler, C.J., Reactions of ozone with human skin lipids: sources of carbonyls, dicarbonyls, and hydroxycarbonyls in indoor air (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, pp. 6568-6575; Finlayson-Pitts, B.J., Wingen, L.M., Sumner, A.L., Syomin, D., Ramazan, K.A., The heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 in laboratory systems and in outdoor and indoor atmospheres: an integrated mechanism (2003) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 5, pp. 223-242; Pttts, J.N., Wallington, T.J., Biermann, H.W., Winer, A.M., Identification and measurement of nitrous acid in an indoor environment (1985) Atmos. Environ., 19, pp. 763-767; Liu, Q.T., Chen, R., McCarry, B.E., Diamond, M.L., Bahavar, B., Characterization of polar organic compounds in the organic film on indoor and outdoor glass windows (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, pp. 2340-2349; Shu, S., Morrison, G.C., Rate and reaction probability of the surface reaction between ozone and dihydromyrcenol measured in a bench scale reactor and a room-sized chamber (2012) Atmos. Environ., 47, pp. 421-427; Ongwandee, M., Morrison, G.C., Guo, X., Chusuei, C.C., Adsorption of trimethylamine on zirconium silicate and polyethylene powder surfaces (2007) Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 310, pp. 62-67; Fauci, A.S., Lane, H.C., Redfield, R.R., Covid-19 — navigating the uncharted (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1268-1269; van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D.H., Holbrook, M.G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B.N., Tamin, A., Gerber, S.I., Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1564-1567; Nazaroff, W.W., Weschler, C.J., Corsi, R.L., Indoor air chemistry and physics (2003) Atmos. Environ., 37, pp. 5451-5453; Weschler, C.J., Carslaw, N., Indoor chemistry (2018) Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, pp. 2419-2428; Johnson, A.M., Waring, M.S., DeCarlo, P.F., Real-time transformation of outdoor aerosol components upon transport indoors measured with aerosol mass spectrometry (2017) Indoor Air, 27, pp. 230-240; Nazaroff, W.W., Goldstein, A.H., Indoor chemistry: research opportunities and challenges (2015) Indoor Air, 25, pp. 357-361; Wang, C., Collins, D.B., Arata, C., Goldstein, A.H., Mattila, J.M., Farmer, D.K., Ampollini, L., Vance, M.E., Surface reservoirs dominate dynamic gas-surface partitioning of many indoor air constituents (2020) Sci. Adv., 6; Turner, B.L., Lambin, E.F., Reenberg, A., The emergence of land change science for global environmental change and sustainability (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, pp. 20666-20671; Novotny, E.V., Bechle, M.J., Millet, D.B., Marshall, J.D., National satellite-based land-use regression: NO2 in the United States: NO2 in the United States (2011) Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, pp. 4407-4414; Morrison, G., Interfacial chemistry in indoor environments (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, pp. 3494-3499; Morrison, G.C., Carslaw, N., Waring, M.S., A modeling enterprise for chemistry of indoor environments (CIE) (2017) Indoor Air, 27, pp. 1033-1038; Breen, M.S., Burke, J.M., Batterman, S.A., Vette, A.F., Godwin, C., Croghan, C.W., Schultz, B.D., Long, T.C., Modeling spatial and temporal variability of residential air exchange rates for the near-road exposures and effects of urban air pollutants study (Nexus) (2014) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 11, pp. 11481-11504; Weschler, C.J., Nazaroff, W.W., Growth of organic films on indoor surfaces (2017) Indoor Air, 27, pp. 1101-1112; Zhou, S., Hwang, B.C.H., Lakey, P.S.J., Zuend, A., Abbatt, J.P.D., Shiraiwa, M., Multiphase reactivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is driven by phase separation and diffusion limitations (2019) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, pp. 11658-11663; Darling, E., Corsi, R.L., Field-to-laboratory analysis of clay wall coatings as passive removal materials for ozone in buildings (2017) Indoor Air, 27, pp. 658-669; Kruza, M., Lewis, A.C., Morrison, G.C., Carslaw, N., Impact of surface ozone interactions on indoor air chemistry: a modeling study (2017) Indoor Air, 27, pp. 1001-1011; Śmiełowska, M., Marć, M., Zabiegała, B., Indoor air quality in public utility environments-a review (2017) Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 24, pp. 11166-11176; Weschler, C.J., Roles of the human occupant in indoor chemistry (2016) Indoor Air, 26, pp. 6-24; Mitchell, C.S., Zhang, J.J., Sigsgaard, T., Jantunen, M., Lioy, P.J., Samson, R., Karol, M.H., Current state of the science: health effects and indoor environmental quality (2007) Environ. Health Perspect., 115, pp. 958-964; Weschler, C.J., Ozone in indoor environments: concentration and chemistry (2000) Indoor Air Int. J. Indoor Air Qual. Clim., 10, pp. 269-288; Abbatt, J.P.D., Wang, C., The atmospheric chemistry of indoor environments (2020) Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 22, pp. 25-48; Wells, J.R., Schoemaecker, C., Carslaw, N., Waring, M.S., Ham, J.E., Nelissen, I., Wolkoff, P., Reactive indoor air chemistry and health-a workshop summary (2017) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health, 220, pp. 1222-1229; Wargocki, P., Lai, A., Editorial - special issue on indoor pollutants, chemistry and health. Selected papers presented at indoor Air 2014 conference in Hong Kong (2015) Build. Environ., 93, pp. 1-2; Farmer, D.K., Analytical challenges and opportunities for indoor air chemistry field studies (2019) Anal. Chem., 91, pp. 3761-3767; Carslaw, N., A new detailed chemical model for indoor air pollution (2007) Atmos. Environ., 41, pp. 1164-1179; Wang, H., Morrison, G.C., Ozone-initiated secondary emission rates of aldehydes from indoor surfaces in four homes (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, pp. 5263-5268; Morrison, G.C., Nazaroff, W.W., Ozone interactions with carpet: secondary emissions of aldehydes (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, pp. 2185-2192; Zhou, S.M., Forbes, M.W., Abbatt, J.P.D., Kinetics and products from heterogeneous oxidation of squalene with ozone (2016) Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, pp. 11688-11697; Zhou, S.M., Forbes, M.W., Katrib, Y., Abbatt, J.P.D., Rapid oxidation of skin oil by ozone (2016) Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 3, pp. 170-174; Liu, S., Thompson, S.L., Stark, H., Ziemann, P.J., Jimenez, J.L., Gas-phase carboxylic acids in a university classroom: abundance, variability, and sources (2017) Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, pp. 5454-5463; Liu, S., Li, R., Wild, R.J., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J.A., Brown, S.S., Miller, S.L., Ziemann, P.J., Contribution of human-related sources to indoor volatile organic compounds in a university classroom (2016) Indoor Air, 26, pp. 925-938; Seinfeld, J.H., Pandis, S.N., Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: from Air Pollution to Climate Change (2016), John Wiley & Sons; Rim, D., Gall, E.T., Maddalena, R.L., Nazaroff, W.W., Ozone reaction with interior building materials: influence of diurnal ozone variation, temperature and humidity (2016) Atmos. Environ., 125, pp. 15-23; Wang, H., Morrison, G., Ozone-surface reactions in five homes: surface reaction probabilities, aldehyde yields, and trends (2010) Indoor Air, 20, pp. 224-234; Sabersky, R.H., Sinema, D.A., Shair, F.H., Concentrations, decay rates, and removal of ozone and their relation to establishing clean indoor air (1973) Environ. Sci. Technol., 7, pp. 347-353; Shiraiwa, M., Sosedova, Y., Rouvière, A., Yang, H., Zhang, Y., Abbatt, J.P., Ammann, M., Pöschl, U., The role of long-lived reactive oxygen intermediates in the reaction of ozone with aerosol particles (2011) Nat. Chem., 3, pp. 291-295; Duncan, S.M., Sexton, K.G., Turpin, B.J., Oxygenated VOCs, aqueous chemistry, and potential impacts on residential indoor air composition (2018) Indoor Air, 28, pp. 198-212; Price, D.J., Day, D.A., Pagonis, D., Stark, H., Algrim, L.B., Handschy, A.V., Liu, S., Hunter, J.F., Budgets of organic carbon composition and oxidation in indoor air (2019) Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, pp. 13053-13063; Tang, X.C., Misztal, P.K., Nazaroff, W.W., Goldstein, A.H., Volatile organic compound emissions from humans indoors (2016) Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, pp. 12686-12694; Coleman, B.K., Destaillats, H., Hodgson, A.T., Nazaroff, W.W., Ozone consumption and volatile byproduct formation from surface reactions with aircraft cabin materials and clothing fabrics (2008) Atmos. Environ., 42, pp. 642-654; Bernstein, J.A., Alexis, N., Bacchus, H., Bernstein, I.L., Fritz, P., Horner, E., Li, N., Oullette, J., The health effects of non-industrial indoor air pollution (2008) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 121, pp. 585-591; Zhou, Z., Zhou, S., Abbatt, J.P.D., Kinetics and condensed-phase products in multiphase ozonolysis of an unsaturated triglyceride (2019) Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, pp. 12467-12475; Lakey, P.S.J., Morrison, G.C., Won, Y., Parry, K.M., von Domaros, M., Tobias, D.J., Rim, D., Shiraiwa, M., The impact of clothing on ozone and squalene ozonolysis products in indoor environments (2019) Commun. Chem., 2, p. 56; Schwartz-Narbonne, H., Jones, S.H., Donaldson, D.J., Indoor lighting releases gas phase nitrogen oxides from indoor painted surfaces (2019) Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 6, pp. 92-97; Gligorovski, S., Nitrous acid (HONO): an emerging indoor pollutant (2016) J. Photochem. Photobiol. A, 314, pp. 1-5; Finlayson-Pitts, B.J., Pitts, J.N., Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere (2000), Academic Press; Stutz, J., Kim, E.S., Platt, U., Bruno, P., Perrino, C., Febo, A., UV-visible absorption cross sections of nitrous acid (2000) J. Geophys. Res., 105, pp. 14585-14592; Kowal, S.F., Allen, S.R., Kahan, T.F., Wavelength-resolved photon fluxes of indoor light sources: implications for HOx production (2017) Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, pp. 10423-10430; Won, Y., Waring, M., Rim, D., Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of indoor OH and HO2 due to photolysis of HONO using computational fluid dynamics simulation (2019) Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, pp. 14470-14478; Rubasinghege, G., Grassian, V.H., Photochemistry of adsorbed nitrate on aluminum oxide particle surfaces (2009) J. Phys. Chem. A, 113, pp. 7818-7825; Monge, M.E., D'Anna, B., George, C., Nitrogen dioxide removal and nitrous acid formation on titanium oxide surfaces—an air quality remediation process? (2010) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 12, pp. 8991-8998; Sleiman, M., Gundel, L.A., Pankow, J.F., Jacob, P., Singer, B.C., Destaillats, H., Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, pp. 6576-6581; Wong, J.P.S., Carslaw, N., Zhao, R., Zhou, S., Abbatt, J.P.D., Observations and impacts of bleach washing on indoor chlorine chemistry (2017) Indoor Air, 27, pp. 1082-1090; Mattila, J.M., Lakey, P.S.J., Shiraiwa, M., Wang, C., Abbatt, J.P.D., Arata, C., Goldstein, A.H., DeCarlo, P.F., Multiphase chemistry controls inorganic chlorinated and nitrogenated compounds in indoor air during bleach cleaning (2020) Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, pp. 1730-1739; Schwartz-Narbonne, H., Wang, C., Zhou, S., Abbatt, J.P.D., Faust, J., Heterogeneous chlorination of squalene and oleic acid (2019) Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, pp. 1217-1224; Wang, C., Collins, D.B., Abbatt, J.P.D., Indoor illumination of terpenes and bleach emissions leads to particle formation and growth (2019) Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, pp. 11792-11800; Alves, M.R., Fang, Y., Wall, K.J., Vaida, V., Grassian, V.H., Chemistry and photochemistry of pyruvic acid adsorbed on oxide surfaces (2019) J. Phys. Chem. A, 123, pp. 7661-7671; DeCarlo, P.F., Avery, A.M., Waring, M.S., Thirdhand smoke uptake to aerosol particles in the indoor environment (2018) Sci. Adv., 4; Ongwandee, M., Morrison, G.C., Influence of ammonia and carbon dioxide on the sorption of a basic organic pollutant to carpet and latex-painted gypsum board (2008) Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, pp. 5415-5420; Ongwandee, M., Sawanyapanich, P., Influence of relative humidity and gaseous ammonia on the nicotine sorption to indoor materials (2012) Indoor Air, 22, pp. 54-63; Ampollini, L., Katz, E.F., Bourne, S., Tian, Y., Novoselac, A., Goldstein, A.H., Lucic, G., DeCarlo, P.F., Observations and contributions of real-time indoor ammonia concentrations during HOMEChem (2019) Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, pp. 8591-8598; Brauer, M., Koutrakis, P., Keeler, G.J., Spengler, J.D., Indoor and outdoor concentrations of inorganic acidic aerosols and gases (1991) J Air Waste Manage Assoc, 41, pp. 171-181; Or, V.W., Alves, M.R., Wade, M., Schwab, S., Corsi, R.L., Grassian, V.H., Clear, C., Crystal Clear? Microspectroscopic Imaging and Physicochemical Characterization of Indoor Depositions on Window Glass (2018) Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 5, pp. 514-519; Stemmler, K., Ammann, M., Donders, C., Kleffmann, J., George, C., Photosensitized reduction of nitrogen dioxide on humic acid as a source of nitrous acid (2006) Nature, 440, pp. 195-198; Schwartz-Narbonne, H., Donaldson, D.J., Water uptake by indoor surface films (2019) Sci Rep, 9, p. 11089; Tang, M.J., Cziczo, D.J., Grassian, V.H., Interactions of water with mineral dust aerosol: water adsorption, hygroscopicity, cloud condensation, and ice nucleation (2016) Chem. Rev., 116, pp. 4205-4259; Jaeger, R.J., Rubin, R.J., Plasticizers from plastic devices extraction, metabolism, and accumulation by biological systems (1970) Science, 170, pp. 460-462; Sohoni, P., Sumpter, J.P., Several environmental oestrogens are also anti-androgens (1998) J. Endocrinol., 158, pp. 327-339; Norbäck, D., Wieslander, G., Nordström, K., Wålinder, R., Asthma symptoms in relation to measured building dampness in upper concrete floor construction, and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in indoor air (2000) Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis., 4, pp. 1016-1025; Craig, R.L., Nandy, L., Axson, J.L., Dutcher, C.S., Ault, A.P., Spectroscopic determination of aerosol pH from acid–base equilibria in inorganic, organic, and mixed systems (2017) J. Phys. Chem. A, 121, pp. 5690-5699; Rindelaub, J.D., Craig, R.L., Nandy, L., Bondy, A.L., Dutcher, C.S., Shepson, P.B., Ault, A.P., Direct measurement of pH in individual particles via Raman microspectroscopy and variation in acidity with relative humidity (2016) J. Phys. Chem. A, 120, pp. 911-917; Wei, Z., Li, Y., Cooks, R.G., Yan, X., Accelerated reaction kinetics in microdroplets: overview and recent developments (2020) Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 71, pp. 31-51; Lee, H.D., Estillore, A.D., Morris, H.S., Ray, K.K., Alejandro, A., Grassian, V.H., Tivanski, A.V., Direct surface tension measurements of individual sub-micrometer particles using atomic force microscopy (2017) J. Phys. Chem. A, 121, pp. 8296-8305; Waring, M.S., Siegel, J.A., Indoor secondary organic aerosol formation initiated from reactions between ozone and surface-sorbed d-limonene (2013) Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, pp. 6341-6348; Youssefi, S., Waring, M.S., Transient secondary organic aerosol formation from limonene ozonolysis in indoor environments: impacts of air exchange rates and initial concentration ratios (2014) Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, pp. 7899-7908; Destaillats, H., Lunden, M.M., Singer, B.C., Coleman, B.K., Hodgson, A.T., Weschler, C.J., Nazaroff, W.W., Indoor secondary pollutants from household product emissions in the presence of ozone: a bench-scale chamber study (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, pp. 4421-4428; Arata, C., Heine, N., Wang, N., Misztal, P.K., Wargocki, P., Bekö, G., Williams, J., Goldstein, A.H., Heterogeneous ozonolysis of squalene: gas-phase products depend on water vapor concentration (2019) Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, pp. 14441-14448; Gandolfo, A., Marque, S., Temime-Roussel, B., Gemayel, R., Wortham, H., Truffier-Boutry, D., Bartolomei, V., Gligorovski, S., Unexpectedly high levels of organic compounds released by indoor photocatalytic paints (2018) Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, pp. 11328-11337; Liang, Y., Xu, Y., Emission of phthalates and phthalate alternatives from vinyl flooring and crib mattress covers: the influence of temperature (2014) Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, pp. 14228-14237; O'Brien, R.E., Ridley, K.J., Canagaratna, M.R., Jayne, J.T., Croteau, P.L., Worsnop, D.R., Budisulistiorini, S.H., Kroll, J.H., Ultrasonic nebulization for the elemental analysis of microgram-level samples with offline aerosol mass spectrometry (2019) Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, pp. 1659-1671; Zhou, S.M., Forbes, M.W., Abbatt, J.P.D., Application of direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) to the study of gas-surface heterogeneous reactions: focus on ozone and PAHs (2015) Anal. Chem., 87, pp. 4733-4740; Wang, H., Chen, W., Wagner, J.C., Xiong, W., Local ordering of lattice self-assembled SDS@2β-CD materials and adsorbed water revealed by vibrational sum frequency generation microscope (2019) J. Phys. Chem. B, 123, pp. 6212-6221; Wang, H., Gao, T., Xiong, W., Self-phase-stabilized heterodyne vibrational sum frequency generation microscopy (2017) ACS Photonics, 4, pp. 1839-1845; Or, V.W., Estillore, A.D., Tivanski, A.V., Grassian, V.H., Lab on a tip: atomic force microscopy- photothermal infrared spectroscopy of atmospherically relevant organic/inorganic aerosol particles in the nanometer to micrometer size range (2018) Analyst, 143, pp. 2765-2774; Bondy, A.L., Kirpes, R.M., Merzel, R.L., Pratt, K.A., Banaszak Holl, M.M., Ault, A.P., Atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy of individual atmospheric aerosol particles: subdiffraction limit vibrational spectroscopy and morphological analysis (2017) Anal. Chem., 89, pp. 8594-8598; Shiraiwa, M., Carslaw, N., Tobias, D.J., Waring, M.S., Rim, D., Morrison, G., Lakey, P.S.J., Cummings, B.E., Modelling consortium for chemistry of indoor environments (MOCCIE): integrating chemical processes from molecular to room scales (2019) Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 21, pp. 1240-1254; Farmer, D.K., Vance, M.E., Abbatt, J.P.D., Abeleira, A., Alves, M.R., Arata, C., Boedicker, E., Corsi, R., Overview of HOMEChem: house observations of microbial and environmental chemistry (2019) Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 21, pp. 1280-1300 PY - 2020 SN - 24519308 (ISSN) SP - 3203-3218 ST - Indoor Surface Chemistry: Developing a Molecular Picture of Reactions on Indoor Interfaces T2 - Chem TI - Indoor Surface Chemistry: Developing a Molecular Picture of Reactions on Indoor Interfaces UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091218274&doi=10.1016%2fj.chempr.2020.08.023&partnerID=40&md5=f950bcd77c36e3f48734f0309462a3c7 VL - 6 ID - 248 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale Fetal Care Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins Center for Fetal Therapy, Baltimore, MD, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 3010 Old Clinic Building, CB No. 7516, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science, Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States Fetal Medicine Unit, Ontario Fetal Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States Fetal Concerns Center, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Maternal-Fetal Care Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Colorado Fetal Care Center, Denver, CO, United States AU - Bahtiyar, M. O. AU - Baschat, A. AU - Deprest, J. AU - Emery, S. AU - Goodnight, W. H. AU - Johnson, A. AU - McCullough, L. AU - Moldenhauer, J. S. AU - Ryan, G. AU - Tsao, K. AU - Van Mieghem, T. AU - Wagner, A. AU - Zaretsky, M. C2 - 32348742 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.025 IS - 2 J2 - Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. KW - coronavirus disease 2019 health care health care personnel human infection risk intrauterine blood transfusion Letter morbidity North American pandemic pregnant woman priority journal risk benefit analysis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vertical transmission Coronavirus infection female fetal therapy pregnancy prenatal care risk assessment United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Fetal Therapies Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJOGA Funding details: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 5R131HD059293-05 Funding text 1: The authors report no conflict of interest. The North American Fetal Therapy Network is supported through funding by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development ( 5R131HD059293-05 ). References: Deprest, J., VanRanst, M., Lannoo, L., SAR-CoV2 (COVID-19) infection: is fetal surgery in times of national disasters reasonable? (2020) Prenat Diagn, , [Epub ahead of print]; Boelig, R.C., Saccone, G., Bellussi, F., Berghella, V., MFM guidance for COVID-19 (2020) Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM, , [Epub ahead of print]; Hollander, J.E., Carr, B.G., Virtually perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1679-1681; Joint statement on elective surgeries (2020), https://s3.amazonaws.com/cdn.smfm.org/media/2266/Joint_Statement_on_Elective_Surgeries_031620.pdf, Available at: Accessed April 2020; Interim considerations for obstetric anesthesia care related to COVID19 (2020), https://soap.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/SOAP_COVID19_Obstetric_Anesthesia_Care_032320.pdf, Available at: Accessed April 2020; ISUOG safety committee position statement on use of personal protective equipment and hazard mitigation in relation to SARS-CoV-2 for practitioners undertaking obstetric and gynecological ultrasound (2020), https://www.isuog.org/resource/isuog-safety-committee-position-statement-on-use-of-personal-protective-equipment-and-hazard-mitigation-in-relation-to-sars-cov-2-for-practitioners-undertaking-obstetric-and-gynecological-ultrasound.html, Available at: Accessed April 2020UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085510560&doi=10.1016%2fj.ajog.2020.04.025&partnerID=40&md5=4e4d0e86341a6975096f669320189eb6 PY - 2020 SN - 00029378 (ISSN) SP - 281-284 ST - Fetal interventions in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: statement from the North American Fetal Therapy Network T2 - American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology TI - Fetal interventions in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: statement from the North American Fetal Therapy Network VL - 223 ID - 436 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted an important role for drug repurposing. Quaternary ammonium compounds such as ammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium and miramistin represent widely accessible antiseptic molecules with well-known broad-spectrum antiviral activities and represent a repurposing opportunity as therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. AD - Leidos, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Collaborations Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 840 Main Campus Drive, Lab 3510, Raleigh, NC 27606, United States UNC Catalyst for Rare Diseases, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Baker, N. AU - Williams, A. J. AU - Tropsha, A. AU - Ekins, S. C2 - 32451736 C7 - 104 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s11095-020-02842-8 IS - 6 J2 - Pharm. Res. KW - ammonium chloride antiseptic cetylpyridinium chloride SARS-CoV-2 cetylpyridinium salt miramistin quaternary ammonium derivative unclassified drug mouthwash nose spray topical antiinfective agent Article bibliometrics coronavirus disease 2019 drug repositioning human nonhuman priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection drug effect pandemic procedures virus pneumonia Anti-Infective Agents, Local Coronavirus Infections Humans Mouthwashes Nasal Sprays Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Quaternary Ammonium Compounds LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :15 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PHREE Correspondence Address: Ekins, S.; UNC Catalyst for Rare Diseases, United States; email: sean@collaborationspharma.com Chemicals/CAS: ammonium chloride, 12125-02-9; cetylpyridinium salt, 123-03-5, 140-72-7, 2349-55-5, 7773-52-6; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Mouthwashes; Nasal Sprays; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds Funding text 1: This work has been reviewed at the US EPA and has been approved for publication. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the United States Environment Protection Agency. Reference to commercial products or services does not constitute endorsement. References: Gates, B., Responding to Covid-19 - a once-in-a-century pandemic? (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1677-1679. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXovVSjsbg%3D; Ekins, S., Mottin, M., (2020); Stebbing, J., Phelan, A., Griffin, I., Tucker, C., Oechsle, O., Smith, D., Richardson, P., COVID-19: combining antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatments (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (4), pp. 400-402. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXktFCitb4%3D; Jeon, S., Ko, M., Lee, J., Choi, I., Byun, S.Y., Park, S., Shum, D., Kim, S., Identification of Antiviral Drug Candidates against Sars-Cov-2 from Fda-Approved Drugs, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.20.999730v1, Available from; Jin, Z., Du, X., Xu, Y., Deng, Y., Liu, M., Zhao, Y., Zhang, B., Yang, H., Structure of Mpro from 1 COVID-19 Virus and Discovery of Its Inhibitors, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.26.964882v2, Available from; Liu, J., Cao, R., Xu, M., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Hu, H., Li, Y., Wang, M., Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro (2020) Cell Discov, 6, p. 16. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXltFChsrc%3D; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Xiao, G., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res, 30 (3), pp. 269-271. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkt1Ciu7k%3D; Riva, L., Yuan, S., Yin, X., Martin-Sancho, L., Matsunaga, N., Burgstaller-Muehlbacher, S., Pache, L., Chanda, S.K., A Large-Scale Drug Repositioning Survey for Sars-Cov-2 Antivirals, , 2020:2020.2004.2016.044016; de Wilde, A.H., Jochmans, D., Posthuma, C.C., Zevenhoven-Dobbe, J.C., van Nieuwkoop, S., Bestebroer, T.M., van den Hoogen, B.G., Snijder, E.J., Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture (2014) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 58 (8), pp. 4875-4884; Dyall, J., Coleman, C.M., Hart, B.J., Venkataraman, T., Holbrook, M.R., Kindrachuk, J., Johnson, R.F., Frieman, M.B., Repurposing of clinically developed drugs for treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2014) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 58 (8), pp. 4885-4893; Baker, N.C., Ekins, S., Williams, A.J., Tropsha, A., A bibliometric review of drug repurposing (2018) Drug Discov Today, 23 (3), pp. 661-672. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhsF2itr0%3D; Borba, M.G.S., Val, F.F.A., Sampaio, V.S., Alexandre, M.A.A., Melo, G.C., Brito, M., Mourão, M.P.G., Lacerda, M.V.G., Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection (2020) JAMA Network Open, 3 (4); Mizzen, L., Hilton, A., Cheley, S., Anderson, R., Attenuation of murine coronavirus infection by ammonium chloride (1985) Virology., 142 (2), pp. 378-388. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXitVWqtLo%3D; Hoffmann, M.M., Kleine-Weber, H., Kruger, N., Muller, M., Drosten, C., Pohlmann, S., The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-Ncov) Uses the Sars-Coronavirus Receptor 2 ACE2 and the Cellular Protease TMPRSS2 for Entry into Target Cells, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.929042v1.full.pdf, Available from; Ashfaq, U.A., Javed, T., Rehman, S., Nawaz, Z., Riazuddin, S., Lysosomotropic agents as HCV entry inhibitors (2011) Virol J, 8, p. 163. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXltVWqt7o%3D; Rabenau, H.F., Kampf, G., Cinatl, J., Doerr, H.W., Efficacy of various disinfectants against SARS coronavirus (2005) J Hosp Infect, 61 (2), pp. 107-111. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2Mvoslamtg%3D%3D; Dellanno, C., Vega, Q., Boesenberg, D., The antiviral action of common household disinfectants and antiseptics against murine hepatitis virus, a potential surrogate for SARS coronavirus (2009) Am J Infect Control, 37 (8), pp. 649-652; (2020) Disinfectant Concentrations and Contact Times for Epa's List of Products Effective against Novel Coronavirus Sars-Cov-2, the Cause of COVID-19, , https://www.ecri.org/components/HDJournal/Pages/Disinfectant-Concentrations-for-EPA-list-N-COVID-19.aspx?tab=2, 1 April; Zhu, D.M., Evans, R.K., Molecular mechanism and thermodynamics study of plasmid DNA and cationic surfactants interactions (2006) Langmuir., 22 (8), pp. 3735-3743. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XisFyru74%3D; Fromm-Dornieden, C., Rembe, J.D., Schafer, N., Bohm, J., Stuermer, E.K., Cetylpyridinium chloride and miramistin as antiseptic substances in chronic wound management - prospects and limitations (2015) J Med Microbiol, 64, pp. 407-414. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtleqsLzF; Mukherjee, P.K., Esper, F., Buchheit, K., Arters, K., Adkins, I., Ghannoum, M.A., Salata, R.A., Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to assess the safety and effectiveness of a novel dual-action oral topical formulation against upper respiratory infections (2017) BMC Infect Dis, 17 (1), p. 74; Simmons, G., Gosalia, D.N., Rennekamp, A.J., Reeves, J.D., Diamond, S.L., Bates, P., Inhibitors of cathepsin L prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102 (33), pp. 11876-11881. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpsFGgurw%3D; Krivorutchenko Iu, L., KrivosheinIuS, Marennikova SS, Stepanova LG, Nosik DN, Kalnina LB, Rud'ko AP. [study of the anti-HIV activity of miramistin] (1994) Vopr Virusol, 39 (6), pp. 267-269. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3jt12gtQ%3D%3D, PID: 7716921; Agafonov, A.P., Skarnovich, M.O., Petrishchenko, V.A., Shishkina, L.N., Sergeev, A.N., Svistov, V.V., Smirnov, I.V., Krivoshein, I.S., In vitro study of antiviral activity of Myramistin against subtypes H3N2 and H5N1 of influenza virus (2005) Antibiot Khimioter, 50 (12), pp. 9-11. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVKlsb7O, PID: 19140480 PY - 2020 SN - 07248741 (ISSN) ST - Repurposing Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Potential Treatments for COVID-19 T2 - Pharmaceutical Research TI - Repurposing Quaternary Ammonium Compounds as Potential Treatments for COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085305168&doi=10.1007%2fs11095-020-02842-8&partnerID=40&md5=ed4c2383142f79d95308e642cafdb723 VL - 37 ID - 490 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective. To characterize hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) exposure in patients with rheumatic disease receiving longterm HCQ compared to target concentrations with reported antiviral activity against the coronavirus disease 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Method. We evaluated total HCQ concentrations in serum and plasma from published literature values, frozen serum samples from a pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus trial, and simulated concentrations using a published pharmacokinetic model during pregnancy. For each source, we compared observed or predicted HCQ concentrations to target concentrations with reported antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Results. The average total serum/plasma HCQ concentrations were below the lowest SARS-CoV-2 target of 0.48 mg/l in all studies. Assuming the highest antiviral target exposure (total plasma concentration of 4.1 mg/l), all studies had about one-tenth the necessary concentration for in vitro viral inhibition. Pharmacokinetic model simulations confirmed that pregnant adults receiving common dosing for rheumatic diseases did not achieve target exposures; however, the models predict that a dosage of 600 mg once a day during pregnancy would obtain the lowest median target exposure for most patients after the first dose. Conclusion. We found that the average patient receiving treatment with HCQ for rheumatic diseases, including children and non-pregnant/pregnant adults, are unlikely to achieve total serum or plasma concentrations shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Nevertheless, patients receiving HCQ long term may have tissue concentrations far exceeding that of serum/plasma. Because the therapeutic window for HCQ in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, well-designed clinical trials that include patients with rheumatic disease are urgently needed to characterize the efficacy, safety, and target exposures for HCQ. © 2020. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, United States Department of Pediatrics, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, United States Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Balevic, S. J. AU - Hornik, C. P. AU - Green, T. P. AU - Clowse, M. E. B. AU - Gonzalez, D. AU - Maharaj, A. R. AU - Schanberg, L. E. AU - Eudy, A. M. AU - Swamy, G. K. AU - Hughes, B. L. AU - Cohen-Wolkowiez, M. C2 - 32393664 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3899/jrheum.200493 IS - 9 J2 - J. Rheumatol. KW - COVID-19 HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE PREGNANCY RHEUMATIC DISEASE SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS antiviral activity Article blood sampling clinical observation coronavirus disease 2019 cryopreservation drug blood level drug efficacy drug exposure drug safety drug targeting high performance liquid chromatography human in vitro study mass spectrometry medical research prediction priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 simulation therapeutic index treatment duration virus inhibition LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JRHUA Correspondence Address: Balevic, S.J.; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC, T-Level, United States; email: stephen.balevic@duke.edu Chemicals/CAS: hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5 Funding details: 2T32GM086330-06 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 1R01HD083003-01, HHSN272201300017I Funding details: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, 200-2012-53663 Funding details: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA, 1R01-FD006099, 5U18-FD006298, 5U18FD006298-03 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIAMS, N01-AR-2-2265 Funding details: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 1K23HD090239, R13HD102136 Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: Thrasher Research Fund, TRF Funding details: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, PCORI Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS, 1UL1TR002553-01, R21AI132677, UG1 HD068258-06 Funding details: Rheumatology Research Foundation, RRF Funding details: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, 5R01-HD076676-04, 5R01HD096435, 8177, HHSN275201800003I, U19AR069522 Funding details: National Heart and Lung Institute, NHLI, R61/R33HL147833 Funding details: Apple University Development Fund, Apple University Consortium, AUDF Funding text 1: From the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pediatrics, and the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois, USA; Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. This study was supported by the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. The Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus [APPLE (ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT00065806)] trial is supported by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) contract N01-AR-2-2265, the Edna and Fred L. Mandel Jr. Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis, and Pfizer, which provided atorvastatin and matching placebo. Funding text 2: S.J.B. receives support from the NIH (5R01-HD076676-04, 1R01HD083003-01, HHSN275201000003I, HHSN275201800003I, HHSN272201500006I 5U24-TR001608-03), the US Food and Drug Administration (5U18FD006298-03), the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), the Rheumatology Research Foundation’s Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, and the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation. C.P.H. receives salary support for research from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD; 1K23HD090239; R13HD102136), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R61/R33HL147833), FDA (1R01-FD006099, PI: Laughon; and 5U18-FD006298, PI: Benjamin), the US government for his work in pediatric clinical pharmacology (Government Contract HHSN275201800003I, PI: Benjamin under the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act), the nonprofit Burrhoughs Wellcome Fund, and other sponsors for drug development in adults and children (dcri.org/about-us/ conflict-of-interest). D.G. receives support for research from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD (5R01HD096435). A.M. receives research support from the Thrasher Research Fund (www.thrasherresearch.org). L.E.S. receives support for research from the NIH (U19AR069522), PCORI (8177), and the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance. She is on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for investigational Funding text 3: product trials for UCB (Cimzia) and Sanofi (sarilumab). Sanofi is a maker of hydroxychloroquine. Samples used in this publication were collected as part of NIH/NIAMS (N01-AR-2-2265). A.M.E. receives support from the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. G.K.S. receives support for research from the NIH (UG1 HD068258-06, HHSN272201300017I, 1UL1TR002553-01, R21AI132677) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (200-2012-53663). She chairs an Independent Data Monitoring Committee for GlaxoSmithKline (RSV vaccine trials). M.C.W. receives support for research from the NIH (1R01-HD076676-01A1 and 1K24-AI143971), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201500006I and HHSN272201300017I), NICHD (HHSN275201000003I), FDA (5U18-FD006298), and the industry for drug development in adults and children. S.J. Balevic, MD, MHS, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, and Duke Clinical Research Institute; C.P. Hornik, MD, PhD, Duke Clinical Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine; T.P. Green, MD, MS, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine; M.E. Clowse, MD, MPH, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine; D. Gonzalez, PharmD, PhD, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; A.R. Maharaj, PhD, Duke Clinical Research Institute; L.E. Schanberg, MD, Duke Clinical Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine; A.M. Eudy, PhD, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine; G.K. Swamy, MD, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine; B.L. Hughes, MD, MSc, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine; M. Cohen-Wolkowiez, MD, PhD, Duke Clinical Research Institute, and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine. Address correspondence to Dr. S.J. Balevic, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 2301 Erwin Road, CHC, T-Level, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA. E-mail: stephen.balevic@duke.edu Full Release Article. For details see Reprints and Permissions at jrheum. org Accepted for publication May 14, 2019. Funding text 4: This study was supported by the Rheumatology Research Foundation's Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation, the Derfner Foundation, NIGMS/NICHD (2T32GM086330-06), NICHD (5R01-HD076676-04, HHSN275201000003I), and a Duke Health/Private Diagnostic Clinic ENABLE grant. The Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus [APPLE (ClinicalTrials. gov: NCT00065806)] trial is supported by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) contract N01-AR-2-2265, the Edna and Fred L. Mandel Jr. Center for Hypertension and Atherosclerosis, and Pfizer, which provided atorvastatin and matching placebo. S.J.B. receives support from the NIH (5R01-HD076676-04, 1R01HD083003-01, HHSN275201000003I, HHSN275201800003I, HHSN272201500006I 5U24-TR001608-03), the US Food and Drug Administration (5U18FD006298-03), the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), the Rheumatology Research Foundation's Scientist Development Award, the Thrasher Research Fund, and the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance/Arthritis Foundation. C.P.H. receives salary support for research from the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development (NICHD; 1K23HD090239; R13HD102136), National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (R61/R33HL147833), FDA (1R01-FD006099, PI: Laughon; and 5U18-FD006298, PI: Benjamin), the US government for his work in pediatric clinical pharmacology (Government Contract HHSN275201800003I, PI: Benjamin under the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act), the nonprofit Burrhoughs Wellcome Fund, and other sponsors for drug development in adults and children (dcri.org/about-us/ conflict-of-interest). D.G. receives support for research from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD (5R01HD096435). A.M. receives research support from the Thrasher Research Fund (www.thrasherresearch.org). L.E.S. receives support for research from the NIH (U19AR069522), PCORI (8177), and the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance. She is on the Data Safety Monitoring Board for investigational product trials for UCB (Cimzia) and Sanofi (sarilumab). Sanofi is a maker of hydroxychloroquine. Samples used in this publication were collected as part of NIH/NIAMS (N01-AR-2-2265). A.M.E. receives support from the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. G.K.S. receives support for research from the NIH (UG1 HD068258-06, HHSN272201300017I, 1UL1TR002553-01, R21AI132677) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (200-2012-53663). She chairs an Independent Data Monitoring Committee for GlaxoSmithKline (RSV vaccine trials). M.C.W. receives support for research from the NIH (1R01-HD076676-01A1 and 1K24-AI143971), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201500006I and HHSN272201300017I), NICHD (HHSN275201000003I), FDA (5U18-FD006298), and the industry for drug development in adults and children. References: Guan, WJ, Ni, ZY, Hu, Y, Liang, WH, Ou, CQ, He, JX, Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1708-1720; Zhu, N, Zhang, D, Wang, W, Li, X, Yang, B, Song, J, A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 727-733. , China Novel Coronavirus Investigating and Research Team; Devaux, CA, Rolain, JM, Colson, P, Raoult, D., New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19? (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, , Mar 12 (E-pub ahead of print); Yao, X, Ye, F, Zhang, M, Cui, C, Huang, B, Niu, P, In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Clin Infect Dis, , 2020 Mar 9 (E-pub ahead of print); Arnold, SL, Buckner, F., Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of SARSCoV-2 infection? Improving our confidence in a model-based approach to dose selection (2020) Clin Transl Sci, , Apr 8 (E-pub ahead of print); Costedoat-Chalumeau, N, Leroux, G, Piette, JC, Amoura, Z., Why all systemic lupus erythematosus patients should be given hydroxychloroquine treatment? (2010) Joint Bone Spine, 77, pp. 4-5; Tett, SE, Cutler, DJ, Day, RO, Brown, KF., A dose-ranging study of the pharmacokinetics of hydroxy-chloroquine following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers (1988) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 26, pp. 303-313; Gautret, P, Lagier, JC, Parola, P, Hoang, VT, Meddeb, L, Mailhe, M, Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, , Mar 20 (E-pub ahead of print); Schanberg, LE, Sandborg, C, Barnhart, HX, Ardoin, SP, Yow, E, Evans, GW, Use of atorvastatin in systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents (2012) Arthritis Rheum, 64, pp. 285-296. , Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus Investigators; Balevic, SJ, Green, TP, Clowse, ME, Eudy, AM, Schanberg, LE, Cohen-Wolkowiez, M., Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in pregnancies with rheumatic diseases (2019) Clin Pharmacokinet, 58, pp. 525-533; Furst, DE., Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine during treatment of rheumatic diseases (1996) Lupus, 5, pp. S11-S15. , Suppl 1; Browning, DJ., Pharmacology of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (2014) Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine retinopathy, pp. 35-63. , Browning DJ. New York: Springer; Morita, S, Takahashi, T, Yoshida, Y, Yokota, N., Population pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in Japanese patients with cutaneous or systemic lupus erythematosus (2016) Ther Drug Monit, 38, pp. 259-267; Mok, CC, Penn, HJ, Chan, KL, Tse, SM, Langman, LJ, Jannetto, PJ., Hydroxychloroquine serum concentrations and flares of systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal cohort analysis (2016) Arthritis Care Res, 68, pp. 1295-1302; Balevic, SJ, Cohen-Wolkowiez, M, Eudy, AM, Green, TP, Schanberg, LE, Clowse, ME., Hydroxychloroquine levels throughout pregnancies complicated by rheumatic disease: implications for maternal and neonatal outcomes (2019) J Rheumatol, 46, pp. 57-63; Information for clinicians on investigational therapeutics for patients with COVID-19, , www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/therapeutic-options.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Internet. Accessed May 19, 2020]; Berliner, RW, Earle, DP, Taggart, JV, Zubrod, CG, Welch, WJ, Conan, NJ, Studies on the chemotherapy of the human malarias. VI. The physiological disposition, antimalarial activity, and toxicity of several derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline (1948) J Clin Invest, 27, pp. 98-107; Rainsford, KD, Parke, AL, Clifford-Rashotte, M, Kean, WF., Therapy and pharmacological properties of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases (2015) Inflammopharmacology, 23, pp. 231-269; Costedoat-Chalumeau, N, Amoura, Z, Hulot, JS, Hammoud, HA, Aymard, G, Cacoub, P, Low blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine is a marker for and predictor of disease exacerbations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2006) Arthritis Rheum, 54, pp. 3284-3290; Costedoat-Chalumeau, N, Houssiau, F, Izmirly, P, Le Guern, V, Navarra, S, Jolly, M, A prospective international study on adherence to treatment in 305 patients with flaring SLE: assessment by drug levels and by self-administered questionnaires (2018) Clin Pharmacol, 103, pp. 1074-1082; Laaksonen, AL, Koskiahde, V, Juva, K., Dosage of antimalarial drugs for children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. A clinical study with determination of serum concentrations of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (1974) Scand J Rheumatol, 3, pp. 103-108; Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19: drug safety communication - FDA cautions against use outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems, , www.fda.gov/safety/medical-product-safetyinformation/hydroxychloroquine-or-chloroquine-covid-19-drugsafety-communication-fda-cautions-against-use, U.S. Food & Drug Administration. [Internet. Accessed May 19, 2020]; COVID-19 clinical guidance for adult patients with rheumatic diseases, , www.rheumatology.org/Portals/0/Files/ACR-COVID-19-Clinical-Guidance-SummaryPatients-with-Rheumatic-Diseases.pdf, American College of Rheumatology (ACR). [Internet. Accessed May 19, 2020]; A randomized study of the effect of withdrawing hydroxychloroquine sulfate in systemic lupus erythematosus (1991) N Engl J Med, 324, pp. 150-154. , Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group PY - 2020 SN - 0315162X (ISSN) SP - 1424-1430 ST - Hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatic disease complicated by COVID-19: Clarifying target exposures and the need for clinical trials T2 - Journal of Rheumatology TI - Hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatic disease complicated by COVID-19: Clarifying target exposures and the need for clinical trials UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087371715&doi=10.3899%2fjrheum.200493&partnerID=40&md5=8d941fca80d6a15b3ad84636133eee63 VL - 47 ID - 399 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This article draws on findings of an international study of social workers’ ethical challenges during COVID-19, based on 607 responses to a qualitative survey. Ethical challenges included the following: maintaining trust, privacy, dignity and service user autonomy in remote relationships; allocating limited resources; balancing rights and needs of different parties; deciding whether to break or bend policies in the interests of service users; and handling emotions and ensuring care of self and colleagues. The article considers regional contrasts, the ‘ethical logistics’ of complex decision-making, the impact of societal inequities, and lessons for social workers and professional practice around the globe. © The Author(s) 2020. AD - Durham University, United Kingdom University of Applied Sciences, Netherlands British Association of Social Workers IFSW Ethics Commission, United Kingdom Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong University of Ljubljana, Slovenia University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States IFSW Secretary-General, Switzerland Public University of Navarre, Spain Dalhousie University, Canada AU - Banks, S. AU - Cai, T. AU - de Jonge, E. AU - Shears, J. AU - Shum, M. AU - Sobočan, A. M. AU - Strom, K. AU - Truell, R. AU - Úriz, M. J. AU - Weinberg, M. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/0020872820949614 IS - 5 J2 - Int. Soc. Work. KW - COVID-19 ethical logistics ethics inequities pandemic social work LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Banks, S.; Durham UniversityUnited Kingdom; email: s.j.banks@durham.ac.uk Funding details: Economic and Social Research Council, ESRC, ES/T501888/1 Funding details: Durham University Funding text 1: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: A small grant for research assistance was received from Durham University (UK) from the Economic and Social Research Council Impact Acceleration Account, reference ES/T501888/1. Funding text 2: Thanks to all the social workers, students and academics who took time away from their busy lives to share their insights and experiences; national and provincial associations of social workers for distributing the survey; members of the IFSW Ethics Commission and IFSW staff for their support; Didier Dubasque, Audrey Gonin, Brenda Harvey, Annalisa Pasini, Maria Sanfelia, Sirpa Saario and Viktor Virag for additional translation and interviews; Mariko Kimura and Viktor Virag for work on the Japanese survey; Teresa Bertotti for ongoing support and encouragement; and Durham University for financial assistance. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: A small grant for research assistance was received from Durham University (UK) from the Economic and Social Research Council Impact Acceleration Account, reference ES/T501888/1. References: Aluffi Pentini, A., Lorenz, W., ‘The Corona Crisis and the Erosion of “the Social” – Giving a Decisive Voice to the Social Professions’ (2020) European Journal of Social Work, , https://www-tandfonline-com.ezphost.dur.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1080/13691457.2020.1783215, accessed 13 July 2020, Available online at; Banks, S., ‘Everyday Ethics in Professional Life: Social Work as Ethics Work’ (2016) Ethics and Social Welfare, 10 (1), pp. 35-52; Banks, S., ‘Practising Professional Ethical Wisdom: The Role of “Ethics Work” in the Social Welfare Field’ (2018) Cultivating Moral Character and Virtue in Professional Practices, pp. 55-69. , Carr D., (ed), Abingdon, Routledge, (ed; Banks, S., Cai, T., de Jonge, E., Shears, J., Shum, M., Sobočan, A.M., Strom, K., Weinberg, M., (2020) Ethical Challenges for Social Workers during Covid-19: A Global Perspective, , https://www.ifsw.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-06-30-Ethical-Challenges-Covid19-FINAL.pdf, Rheinfelden, International Federation of Social Workers, accessed 13 July 2020, :, Available online at; Bauer, L., ‘The COVID-19 Crisis Has Already Left Too Many Children Hungry in America’ (2020) Brookings, , https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/05/06/the-covid-19-crisis-has-already-left-too-many-children-hungry-in-america/, accessed 13 July 2020, Available online at; Berg-Weger, M., Morley, J., ‘Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work’ (2020) The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 24 (5). , (,): 456–8; Blandine, A., Smail, B., Bourlakis, M., ‘Healthcare Logistics and Supply Chain – Issues and Future Challenges’ (2018) Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal, 19 (1), pp. 1-3; Broadbent, A., Walker, D., Chalkidou, K., Sullivan, R., Glassman, A., ‘Lockdown Is Not Egalitarian: the Costs Fall on the Global Poor’ (2020) The Lancet, 396. , 21–2; Deng, S., ‘Social Resilience Construction in the Epidemic Crisis and Social Work Positioning’ (2020) Journal of Social Work (China), 287 (2). , https://oversea-cnki-net.ezphost.dur.ac.uk/KXReader/Detail?dbcode=CJFD&filename=SHGO202002010&uid=WEEvREcwSlJHSldRa1FhcTdnTnhYWU9PcmR3d1JEUFJ4YWQ2MHkzbExpND0=$9A4hF_YAuvQ5obgVAqNKPCYcEjKensW4IQMovwHtwkF4VYPoHbKxJw!!, accessed 13th July 2020, (,) (English abstract of article published Chinese., Available online at; (2018) Global Social Work Statement of Ethical Principles, , https://www.ifsw.org/statement-of-ethical-principles/?hub=main, Rheinfelden, International Federation of Social Workers, accessed 13 July 2020, :, Available online at; (2020) The Social Work Response to Covid-19 – Six Months on: Championing Changes in Services and Preparing for Long-Term Consequences, , https://www.ifsw.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2020-07-01-SW-Response-to-COVID-19-Six-Months-On.pdf, Rheinfelden, International Federation of Social Workers, accessed 13 July 2020, :, Available online at; McAuliffe, D., (2014) Interprofessional Ethics: Collaboration in the Social, Health and Human Services, , Port Melbourne, Cambridge University Press; Miller, V., Lee, H., ‘Social Work Values in Action during COVID-19’ (2020) Journal of Gerontological Social Work, , https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01634372.2020.1769792?journalCode=wger20, accessed 13 July 2020, Available online at; North, A., ‘Every Aspect of the Coronavirus Pandemic Exposes America’s Devastating Inequalities’ (2020) Vox, , https://www.vox.com/2020/4/10/21207520/coronavirus-deaths-economy-layoffs-inequality-covid-pandemic, accessed 13 July 2020, Available online at; O’Leary, P., Tsui, M.-S., ‘Social Work’s Role during and after the Pandemic: Keeping Vigilant and Hopeful on Human Rights’ (2020) International Social Work, 63 (4). , (,): 417–8; Oppel, R., Jr., Gebeloff, R., Lai, K., Wright, W., Smith, M., ‘The Fullest Look Yet at the Racial Inequity of Coronavirus’ (2020) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/05/us/coronavirus-latinos-african-americans-cdc-data.html, accessed 13 July 2020, Available online at; Rosalsky, G., (2020) ‘How the Crisis Is Making Racial Inequality Worse’ Planet Money, , https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2020/05/26/860913793/how-the-crisis-is-making-racial-inequality-worse, accessed 13 July 2020, Available online at; Schalatek, L., ‘The Invisible Coronavirus Makes Systemic Gender Inequalities and Injustices Visible’ (2020) Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, , https://us.boell.org/en/2020/04/30/invisible-coronavirus-makes-systemic-gender-inequalities-and-injustices-visible?utm_source=website, accessed 13 July 2020, Available online at; Subramanian, R., (2018) Disaster Management, , New Delhi, Vikas Publishing; Truell, R., (2020) Covid-19: The Struggle, Success and Expansion of Social Work, , www.ifsw.org/covid-19-the-struggle-success-and-expansion-of-social-work, Rheinfelden, International Federation of Social Workers, accessed 13 July 2020, :, Available online at; Van Dorn, A., Cooney, R., Sabin, M., ‘COVID-19 Exacerbating Inequalities in the US’ (2020) The Lancet, 395. , 1243–4; Walter-McCabe, H., ‘Coronavirus Pandemic Calls for an Immediate Social Work Response’ (2020) Social Work in Public Health, 35 (3), pp. 69-72; (2020) ‘Food Security and COVID-19’, , https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-and-covid-19, accessed 13 July 2020, Available online at PY - 2020 SN - 00208728 (ISSN) SP - 569-583 ST - Practising ethically during COVID-19: Social work challenges and responses T2 - International Social Work TI - Practising ethically during COVID-19: Social work challenges and responses UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089580441&doi=10.1177%2f0020872820949614&partnerID=40&md5=9633330942053ce7f4ce08366f8b967f VL - 63 ID - 388 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This study analyzes the possibility that COVID-19 will increase the risk of a military conflict between the United States and People’s Republic of China. The mechanism is that COVID-19 weakens American economic output, which undermines the U.S. capability to project force. This enables China’s efforts to revise the status quo. Although a rapid collapse of American power due to COVID-19 would theoretically increase the likelihood of an armed conflict, this scenario is unlikely due to the centrality of the U.S. dollar in the global financial system. I therefore argue that COVID-19 increases the short term risk of military crises, particularly in the South China Sea and Persian Gulf, but does not significantly increase the likelihood of a power transition and full scale war. However, the long term depends on the ability of the U.S. to respond adequately to the COVID-19 crisis. © 2020 De Gruyter. All rights reserved. AD - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Bapat, N. C7 - 20200047 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1515/peps-2020-0047 IS - 3 J2 - Peace Econ. Peace Sci. Public Policy KW - COVID-19 Foreign policy Hegemony LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Bapat, N.; University of North CarolinaUnited States; email: bapat@unc.edu References: Bapat, N.A., (2019) Monsters to Destroy: Understanding the War on Terror, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Bapat, N.A., Zeigler, S., Terrorism, dynamic commitment problems, and military conflict (2016) American Journal of Political Science, 60 (2), pp. 337-351; Bas, M.A., Coe, A., A dynamic theory of nuclear proliferation and preventive war (2016) International Organization, 70 (4), pp. 655-685; Coe, A.J., Containing rogues: A theory of asymmetric arming (2018) Journal of Politics, 80 (4), pp. 1197-1210; Colgan, J., (2013) Petro-Aggression. When Oil Causes War, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Drezner, D.W., Targeted sanctions in a world of global finance (2015) International Interactions, 41 (4), pp. 755-764; Fearon, J.D., Rationalist explanations for war (1995) International Organization, 49 (3), pp. 379-414; Fearon, J.D., (1996) Bargaining over Objects That Influence Future Power, , Manuscript. University of Chicago; Gilpin, R., (1987) The Political Economy of International Relations, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Ghosn, F., Palmer, G., Bremer, S.A., The MID3 data set 1993—2001: Procedures, coding rules, and description (2004) Conflict Management and Peace Science, 21 (2), pp. 133-154; Ikenberry, G.J., Charles, A.K., Socialization and hegemonic power (1990) International Organization, 44 (3), pp. 283-315; Keohane, R., (1984) After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Kindleberger, C.P., (1973) The World in Depression 1929–1939, , California: University of California; Lake, D.A., (1999) Entangling Relations: American Foreign Policy in Its Century, , Princeton: Princeton University Press; Leventoğlu, B., Slantchev, B., The armed peace: A punctuated equilibrium theory of war (2007) American Journal of Political Science, 51 (4), pp. 755-771; Liao, S., McDowell, D., No reservations: International order and demand for the renminbi as a reserve currency (2016) International Studies Quarterly, 60 (2), pp. 272-293; Norrlof, C., Paul, P., Benjamin, J.C., Sabreena, C., Aashna, K., McDowell, D., Hongying, W., Winecoff, W.K., Global monetary order and the liberal order debate (2020) International Studies Perspectives, 21 (2), pp. 109-153. , May; Oatley, T., (2015) A Political Economy of American Hegemony: Buildups, Booms, and Busts, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Oatley, T., Winecoff, W.K., Pennock, A., Danzman, S.B., The political economy of global finance (2013) Perspectives on Politics, 11 (1), pp. 133-153; Organski, A.F.K., Kugler, J., (1980) The War Ledger, , Chicago: University of Chicago; Poast, P., Central banks at war (2015) International Organization, 69 (1), pp. 63-95; Powell, R., The inefficient use of power: Costly conflict with complete information (2004) American Political Science Review, 98 (2), pp. 231-241; Powell, R., War as a commitment problem (2006) International Organization, 60 (1), pp. 169-203; Slantchev, B., Military coercion in interstate crises (2005) American Political Science Review, 99 (4), pp. 533-547; Tarar, A., Military mobilization and commitment problems (2013) International Interactions, 39 (3), pp. 343-366; Wagner, R.H., (2007) War and the State, , Michigan: University of Michigan Press PY - 2020 SN - 10792457 (ISSN) ST - Will covid-19 cause a war? Understanding the case of the U.S. And China T2 - Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy TI - Will covid-19 cause a war? Understanding the case of the U.S. And China UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093526291&doi=10.1515%2fpeps-2020-0047&partnerID=40&md5=b6fc618512772748fc16a98333d4f10d VL - 26 ID - 369 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 33326716 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMcibr2032888 IS - 27 J2 - New Engl. J. Med. KW - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Article cause of death China coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity epidemic genotype herd immunity human infection prevention nonhuman pandemic prevalence priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 D614 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 G614 upper respiratory tract virus cell interaction virus load virus mutation virus neutralization virus pathogenesis virus recombinant virus replication virus strain virus transmission virus virulence mutation virus genome COVID-19 Genome, Viral Humans SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :15 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NEJMA Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Epidemiology, United States References: Lam, T.T.-Y., Zhu, H., Guan, Y., Holmes, E.C., Genomic analysis of the emergence, evolution, and spread of human respiratory RNA viruses (2016) Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, 17, pp. 193-218; Shang, J., Ye, G., Shi, K., Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 221-224; Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the SARS epidemic in China (2004) Science, 303, pp. 1666-1669; Korber, B., Fischer, W.M., Gnanakaran, S., Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 Virus (2020) Cell, 182 (4), pp. 812e19-827e19; Plante, J.A., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Spike mutation D614G alters SARS-CoV-2 fitness (2020) Nature, , October 26 (Epub ahead of print) PY - 2020 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) SP - 2684-2686 ST - Emergence of a highly fit SARS-CoV-2 variant T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - Emergence of a highly fit SARS-CoV-2 variant UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098662432&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMcibr2032888&partnerID=40&md5=f3decd6ca734ec6f4ac2548417f2bc74 VL - 383 ID - 234 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Characterizing the asymptomatic spread of SARS-CoV-2 is important for understanding the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was aimed at determining asymptomatic spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a suburban, Southern U.S. population during a period of state restrictions and physical distancing mandates. This is one of the first published seroprevalence studies from North Carolina and included multicenter, primary care, and emergency care facilities serving a low-density, suburban and rural population since description of the North Carolina state index case introducing the SARS-CoV-2 respiratory pathogen to this population. To estimate point seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among asymptomatic individuals over time, two cohort studies were examined. The first cohort study, named ScreenNC, was comprised of outpatient clinics, and the second cohort study, named ScreenNC2, was comprised of inpatients unrelated to COVID-19. Asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 (with no clinical symptoms) was examined using an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA)-approved antibody test (Abbott) for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG. This assay as performed under CLIA had a reported specificity/sensitivity of 100%/99.6%. ScreenNC identified 24 out of 2,973 (0.8%) positive individuals among asymptomatic participants accessing health care during 28 April to 19 June 2020, which was increasing over time. A separate cohort, ScreenNC2, sampled from 3 March to 4 June 2020, identified 10 out of 1,449 (0.7%) positive participants. IMPORTANCE This study suggests limited but accelerating asymptomatic spread of SARS-CoV-2. Asymptomatic infections, like symptomatic infections, disproportionately affected vulnerable communities in this population, and seroprevalence was higher in African American participants than in White participants. The low, overall prevalence may reflect the success of shelter-in-place mandates at the time this study was performed and of maintaining effective physical distancing practices among suburban populations. Under these public health measures and aggressive case finding, outbreak clusters did not spread into the general population. © 2020 Barzin et al. AD - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Hospitals McLendon Clinical Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Chapel Hill, NC, United States UNC Physicians Network, Chapel Hill, NC, United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States UNC Health Information Services Division, Chapel Hill, NC, United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, United States UNC REX Healthcare, Raleigh, NC, United States UNC Health Nash General Hospital, Rocky Mount, NC, United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Barzin, A. AU - Schmitz, J. L. AU - Rosin, S. AU - Sirpal, R. AU - Almond, M. AU - Robinette, C. AU - Wells, S. AU - Hudgens, M. AU - Olshan, A. AU - Deen, S. AU - Krejci, P. AU - Quackenbush, E. AU - Chronowski, K. AU - Cornaby, C. AU - Goins, J. AU - Butler, L. AU - Aucoin, J. AU - Boyer, K. AU - Faulk, J. AU - Alston-Johnson, D. AU - Page, C. AU - Zhou, Y. AU - Fiscus, L. AU - Damania, B. AU - Dittmer, D. P. AU - Peden, D. B. C2 - 32994333 C7 - e02426-20 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1128/mBio.02426-20 IS - 5 J2 - mBio KW - Antibody Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence immunoglobulin G virus antibody adult African American aged antibody detection Article asymptomatic disease Caucasian chemiluminescence immunoassay cohort analysis controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 emergency care epidemic female health care access health care facility human immunoassay major clinical study male middle aged nonhuman outpatient patient participation population research primary medical care priority journal rural population sensitivity and specificity Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 social distancing suburban area United States very elderly virus transmission Betacoronavirus blood clinical trial Coronavirus infection immunology isolation and purification mandatory program multicenter study North Carolina pandemic seroepidemiology virus pneumonia Antibodies, Viral Asymptomatic Diseases Cohort Studies Coronavirus Infections Humans Mandatory Programs Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Seroepidemiologic Studies LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Damania, B.; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States; email: damania@med.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Dittmer, D.P.; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States; email: ddittmer@med.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Peden, D.B.; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, United States; email: david_peden@med.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Peden, D.B.; The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; email: david_peden@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: immunoglobulin G, 97794-27-9; Antibodies, Viral Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF, GRFP DGE-1650116 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, CR 83578501, UL1TR002489 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC, P30 CA016086 Funding details: U.S. Public Health Service, USPHS, CA016086, CA239583, DE02821, ES025124 Funding details: Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC CFAR, P30 AI050410 Funding details: School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Funding text 1: This project was funded by the UNC School of Medicine, UNC Health, and the University Cancer Research Fund (UCRF). This work was also supported by Public Health Service grants CA239583, CA016086, DE02821, and ES025124; the UNC Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI050410); the UNC Lineberger Cancer Center (P30 CA016086); US EPA (CR 83578501); and UL1TR002489 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) and from the National Science Foundation (GRFP DGE-1650116). Funding text 2: We thank all the team members for their efforts and the participants of this study for their willingness to participate. We also thank the nurses and physicians who helped study enrollment. This project was funded by the UNC School of Medicine, UNC Health, and the University Cancer Research Fund (UCRF). This work was also supported by Public Health Service grants CA239583, CA016086, DE02821, and ES025124; the UNC Center for AIDS Research (P30 AI050410); the UNC Lineberger Cancer Center (P30 CA016086); US EPA (CR 83578501); and UL1TR002489 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) and from the National Science Foundation (GRFP DGE-1650116). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. UNC Health data and further analysis were provided by Marshall Clark, James Champion, Kellie Walters, and Anna Jojic at the North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute. References: Zhao, J, Yuan, Q, Wang, H, Liu, W, Liao, X, Su, Y, Wang, X, Zhang, Z., Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa344; To, KK, Tsang, OT, Leung, WS, Tam, AR, Wu, TC, Lung, DC, Yip, CC, Yuen, KY., Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARSCoV-2: an observational cohort study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 565-574. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1; Qu, J, Wu, C, Li, X, Zhang, G, Jiang, Z, Li, X, Zhu, Q, Liu, L., Profile of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa489; Long, QX, Liu, BZ, Deng, HJ, Wu, GC, Deng, K, Chen, YK, Liao, P, Huang, A-L., Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 845-848. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0897-1; Wu, F, Zhao, S, Yu, B, Chen, YM, Wang, W, Song, ZG, Hu, Y, Zhang, YZ., A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3; Wei, WE, Li, Z, Chiew, CJ, Yong, SE, Toh, MP, Lee, VJ., Presymptomatic Ttransmission of SARS-CoV-2-Singapore, January 23-March 16, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 411-415. , https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e1; Tong, ZD, Tang, A, Li, KF, Li, P, Wang, HL, Yi, JP, Zhang, YL, Yan, JB., Potential presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Zhejiang Province, China, 2020 (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26, pp. 1052-1054. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2605.200198; Pan, X, Chen, D, Xia, Y, Wu, X, Li, T, Ou, X, Zhou, L, Liu, J., Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 410-411. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30114-6; Kim, SE, Jeong, HS, Yu, Y, Shin, SU, Kim, S, Oh, TH, Kim, UJ, Park, KH., Viral kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic carriers and presymptomatic patients (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 95, pp. 441-443. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.083; Hoehl, S, Rabenau, H, Berger, A, Kortenbusch, M, Cinatl, J, Bojkova, D, Behrens, P, Ciesek, S., Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in returning travelers from Wuhan, China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1278-1280. , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001899; Arons, MM, Hatfield, KM, Reddy, SC, Kimball, A, James, A, Jacobs, JR, Taylor, J, Jernigan, JA., Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and transmission in a skilled nursing facility (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 2081-2090. , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2008457; Zhang, X, Tan, Y, Ling, Y, Lu, G, Liu, F, Yi, Z, Jia, X, Lu, H., Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19 (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 437-440. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2355-0; Wang, Z, Yang, B, Li, Q, Wen, L, Zhang, R., Clinical features of 69 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 71, pp. 769-777. , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa272; Sood, N, Simon, P, Ebner, P, Eichner, D, Reynolds, J, Bendavid, E, Bhattacharya, J., Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies among adults in Los Angeles County, California, on April 10–11, 2020 (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2425-2427. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.8279; Xu, X, Sun, J, Nie, S, Li, H, Kong, Y, Liang, M, Hou, J, Hou, FF., Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in China (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 1193-1195. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0949-6; Fauver, JR, Petrone, ME, Hodcroft, EB, Shioda, K, Ehrlich, HY, Watts, AG, Vogels, CBF, Grubaugh, ND., Coast-to-coast spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the early epidemic in the United States (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 990-996. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.021, e5; Bryan, A, Pepper, G, Wener, MH, Fink, SL, Morishima, C, Chaudhary, A, Jerome, KR, Greninger, AL., Performance characteristics of the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay and seroprevalence in Boise, Idaho (2020) J Clin Microbiol, 58, pp. e00941-20. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00941-20; Theel, ES, Harring, J, Hilgart, H, Granger, D., Performance characteristics of four high-throughput immunoassays for detection of IgG Aantibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J Clin Microbiol, 58, pp. e01243-20. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01243-20; Rogan, WJ, Gladen, B., Estimating prevalence from the results of a screening test (1978) Am J Epidemiol, 107, pp. 71-76. , https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112510; Havers, FP, Reed, C, Lim, T, Montgomery, JM, Klena, JD, Hall, AJ, Fry, AM, Thornburg, NJ., Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 10 sites in the United States, March 23-May 12, 2020 (2020) JAMA Intern Med, , https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4130; Okba, NMA, Muller, MA, Li, W, Wang, C, GeurtsvanKessel, CH, Corman, VM, Lamers, MM, Haagmans, BL., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibody responses in coronavirus disease 2019 patients (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26, pp. 1478-1488. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200841; Premkumar, L, Segovia-Chumbez, B, Jadi, R, Martinez, DR, Raut, R, Markmann, A, Cornaby, C, de Silva, AM., The receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein is an immunodominant and highly specific target of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients (2020) Sci Immunol, 5, p. eabc8413. , https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abc8413; Long, QX, Tang, XJ, Shi, QL, Li, Q, Deng, HJ, Yuan, J, Hu, JL, Huang, AL., Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARSCoV-2 infections (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 1200-1204. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0965-6; Ng, D, Goldgof, G, Shy, B, Levine, A, Balcerek, J, Bapat, SP, Prostko, J, Chiu, CY., SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and neutralizing activity in donor and patient blood from the San Francisco Bay Area medRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.19.20107482, 27 May 2020; Paiva, KJ, Grisson, RD, Chan, PA, Huard, RC, Caliendo, AM, Lonks, JR, King, E, Lu, S., Validation and performance comparison of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays (2020) J Med Virol, , https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26341, 25 July PY - 2020 SN - 21612129 (ISSN) SP - 1-8 ST - SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among a southern U.S. population indicates limited asymptomatic spread under physical distancing measures T2 - mBio TI - SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among a southern U.S. population indicates limited asymptomatic spread under physical distancing measures UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091790912&doi=10.1128%2fmBio.02426-20&partnerID=40&md5=e3bff684a3ca3fead332c74a5d8c0a1a VL - 11 ID - 371 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC AU - Barzin, A. AU - Wohl, D. A. AU - Daaleman, T. P. C2 - 32928767 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1370/afm.2558 IS - 5 J2 - Ann Fam Med KW - COVID-19 rapid testing respiratory diagnostic center Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection environmental planning health care delivery human laboratory technique mass screening North Carolina organization and management pandemic pathophysiology patient care procedures protective equipment university hospital virus pneumonia Academic Medical Centers Clinical Laboratory Techniques Coronavirus Infections Delivery of Health Care Environment Design Humans Pandemics Patient-Centered Care Personal Protective Equipment Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 15441717 (ISSN) SP - 464 ST - Development and Implementation of a COVID-19 Respiratory Diagnostic Center T2 - Annals of family medicine TI - Development and Implementation of a COVID-19 Respiratory Diagnostic Center UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091052135&doi=10.1370%2fafm.2558&partnerID=40&md5=b546993bf8bba56072b42c4bdc6fda6b VL - 18 ID - 373 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Topical intra-nasal sprays are amongst the most commonly prescribed therapeutic options for sinonasal diseases in humans. However, inconsistency and ambiguity in instructions show a lack of definitive knowledge on best spray use techniques. In this study, we have identified a new usage strategy for nasal sprays available over-the-counter, that registers an average 8-fold improvement in topical delivery of drugs at diseased sites, when compared to prevalent spray techniques. The protocol involves re-orienting the spray axis to harness inertial motion of particulates and has been developed using computational fluid dynamics simulations of respiratory airflow and droplet transport in medical imaging-based digital models. Simulated dose in representative models is validated through in vitro spray measurements in 3D-printed anatomic replicas using the gamma scintigraphy technique. This work breaks new ground in proposing an alternative user-friendly strategy that can significantly enhance topical delivery inside human nose. While these findings can eventually translate into personalized spray usage instructions and hence merit a change in nasal standard-of-care, this study also demonstrates how relatively simple engineering analysis tools can revolutionize everyday healthcare. Finally, with respiratory mucosa as the initial coronavirus infection site, our findings are relevant to intra-nasal vaccines that are in-development, to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020, The Author(s). AD - Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine – University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, United States Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States AU - Basu, S. AU - Holbrook, L. T. AU - Kudlaty, K. AU - Fasanmade, O. AU - Wu, J. AU - Burke, A. AU - Langworthy, B. W. AU - Farzal, Z. AU - Mamdani, M. AU - Bennett, W. D. AU - Fine, J. P. AU - Senior, B. A. AU - Zanation, A. M. AU - Ebert, C. S., Jr. AU - Kimple, A. J. AU - Thorp, B. D. AU - Frank-Ito, D. O. AU - Garcia, G. J. M. AU - Kimbell, J. S. C2 - 32601278 C7 - 10568 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41598-020-66716-0 IS - 1 J2 - Sci. Rep. KW - nose spray virus vaccine anatomy and histology Betacoronavirus computer simulation Coronavirus infection drug delivery system drug effect human hydrodynamics inhalational drug administration intranasal drug administration nebulizer nose cavity nose mucosa pandemic paranasal sinus procedures virology virus pneumonia Administration, Inhalation Administration, Intranasal Coronavirus Infections Drug Delivery Systems Humans Nasal Cavity Nasal Mucosa Nasal Sprays Nebulizers and Vaporizers Pandemics Paranasal Sinuses Pneumonia, Viral Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Basu, S.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, United States; email: Saikat.Basu@sdstate.edu Chemicals/CAS: Nasal Sprays; Viral Vaccines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01HL122154 Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI Funding details: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIDCD, T32DC005360 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS, KL2TR002490 Funding details: South Dakota State University, SDSU Funding text 1: The authors sincerely thank Dr. John S Rhee, MD, MPH (at the Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin) for numerous fruitful discussions. Thanks are also due to Dr. Julie Suman (Next Breath, LLC) for the experimental measurement of nasal spray parameters. The authors additionally acknowledge: (a) Christopher Jadelis (at UNC Chapel Hill) for his assistance on the experimental setup; (b) several past/present UNC rhinology residents and fellows (Drs. Andrew Coniglio, Satyan Sreenath, Kibwei McKinney, Gita Madan, Parth Shah, and Stan McClurg) for their inputs; and (c) Dr. Ola Harrysson’s group at NC State University (at the Edward P Fitts Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering), Matthew White (at NCSU), and Dr. Tim Horn (Director of Research, Center for Additive Manufacturing and Logistics at NCSU) for help on 3D printing. Finally, thanks are also due to Alison Turner and Carolyn Hamby (both at UNC School of Medicine) for their assistance in patient recruitment scheduling. The project was supported by: (a) the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), under award number R01HL122154 (PI: JSK); (b) the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) at NIH, through award number KL2TR002490 (PI: AJK); (c) the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) at NIH, under award number T32DC005360 (ZF); and (d) SB’s faculty start-up funds at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at South Dakota State University. Content of this study is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. References: Doorly, D.J., Taylor, D.J., Gambaruto, A.M., Schroter, R.C., Tolley, N., Nasal architecture: form and flow. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (2008) Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 366 (1879), pp. 3225-3246. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1crgslaqsA%3D%3D; Proctor, D.F., Chang, J.C.F., Comparative anatomy and physiology of the nasal cavity (2017) Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, I, pp. 1-34. , Vol, pages, . CRC Press; Benninger, M.S., Adult chronic rhinosinusitis: definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology (2003) Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 129 (3), pp. S1-S32. , PID: 12958561; Parikh, A., Scadding, G.K., Darby, Y., Baker, R.C., Topical corticosteroids in chronic rhinosinusitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (2001) Rhinology, 39 (2), pp. 75-79. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvktV2rtA%3D%3D, PID: 11486442; Rosenfeld, R.M., Clinical practice guideline: adult sinusitis (2007) Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 137 (3), pp. S1-S31. , PID: 17761281; Zhao, K., Blacker, K., Luo, Y., Bryant, B., Jiang, J., Perceiving nasal patency through mucosal cooling rather than air temperature or nasal resistance (2011) PLoS One, 6 (10). , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVSgtr7J, PID: 22022361; Inthavong, J.W., Tu, J., Tian, Z., From CT scans to CFD modelling – fluid and heat transfer in a realistic human nasal cavity (2009) Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 3 (3), pp. 321-335; Kimbell, J.S., Upper airway reconstruction using long-range optical coherence tomography: Effects of airway curvature on airflow resistance (2019) Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 51 (2), pp. 150-160. , PID: 30051633; Inthavong, K., Ge, Q., Se, C.M.K., Yang, W., Tu, J.Y., Simulation of sprayed particle deposition in a human nasal cavity including a nasal spray device (2011) Journal of Aerosol Science, 42 (2), pp. 100-113. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVWmu74%3D; Basu, S., Frank-Ito, D.O., Kimbell, J.S., On computational fluid dynamics models for sinonasal drug transport: relevance of nozzle subtraction and nasal vestibular dilation (2018) International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, 34 (4). , PID: 29172251; Basu, S., Kimbell, J.S., Zanation, A.M., Ebert, C.S., Senior, B.A., Clinical questions and the role CFD can play (2016) Bulletin of the American Physical Society, p. 61; Frank, D.O., Quantification of airflow into the maxillary sinuses before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (2013) International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 3 (10), pp. 834-840; Brandon, B.M., Comparison of airflow between spreader grafts and butterfly grafts using computational fluid dynamics in a cadaveric model (2018) JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery, 20 (3), pp. 215-221. , PID: 29242911; Tracy, L.F., Impact of endoscopic craniofacial resection on simulated nasal airflow and heat transport (2019) International forum of Allergy & Rhinology; Brandon, B.M., Nasal airflow changes with bioabsorbable implant, butterfly and spreader grafts (2020) The Laryngoscope; Kimbell, J.S., Basu, S., Farzal, Z., Senior, B.A., Characterizing nasal delivery in 3D models before and after sinus surgery (2018) Respiratory Drug Delivery 2018, 1, pp. 181-188; Farzal, Z., Comparative study of simulated nebulized and spray particle deposition in chronic rhinosinusitis patients (2019) International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. Wiley Online Library; Perkins, E.L., Basu, S., Garcia, G.J.M., Buckmire, R.A., Rupali N Shah, and J S Kimbell. Ideal particle sizes for inhaled steroids targeting vocal granulomas: Preliminary study using computational fluid dynamics (2018) Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 158 (3), pp. 511-519. , PID: 29160160; Basu, S., Can we use CFD to improve targeted drug delivery in throat? (2019) Bulletin of the American Physical Society; Leong, S.C., Chen, X.B., Lee, H.P., Wang, D.Y., A review of the implications of computational fluid dynamic studies on nasal airflow and physiology (2010) Rhinology, 48 (2), p. 139. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3czmsVGhsA%3D%3D, PID: 20502749; Zubair, M., A critical overview of limitations of cfd modeling in nasal airflow (2012) Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 32 (2), pp. 77-84; Burrowes, K.S., De Backer, J., Kumar, H., Image-based computational fluid dynamics in the lung: virtual reality or new clinical practice? (2017) Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Systems Biology and Medicine, 9 (6); Basu, S., Ebert, C.S., Kimbell, J.S., Topical drug delivery: How CFD can revolutionize the usage protocol for nasal sprays (2018) Bulletin of the American Physical Society, p. 63; Basu, S., Farzal, Z., Kimbell, J.S., . “Magical” fluid pathways: Inspired airflow corridors for optimal drug delivery to human sinuses (2017) APS Division of Fluid Dynamics Meeting Abstracts; Basu, S., Numerical and experimental investigations on nasal spray usage strategies in chronic rhinosinusitis (2019) Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 32 (3), p. A19; Burke, A., Enhanced deposition of nasal sprays using a patient-specific positioning tool (2019) Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 32 (3), p. A22; Farzal, Z., Comparative analysis of nebulizer and “line of sight” spray drug delivery to chronic rhinosinusitis target sites (2019) Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 32 (3), p. A38; Borojeni, A., Frank-Ito, D.O., Kimbell, J.S., Rhee, J.S., Garcia, G.J.M., Creation of an idealized nasopharynx geometry for accurate computational fluid dynamics simulations of nasal airflow in patient-specific models lacking the nasopharynx anatomy (2017) International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering, 33 (5); Basu, S., Witten, N., Kimbell, J.S., Influence of localized mesh refinement on numerical simulations of post-surgical sinonasal airflow (2017) Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 30 (3), pp. A–14; Kelly, J.T., Prasad, A.K., Wexler, A.S., Detailed flow patterns in the nasal cavity (2000) Journal of Applied Physiology, 89 (1), pp. 323-337. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvgsVGrsg%3D%3D, PID: 10904068; Xi, J., Longest, P.W., Numerical predictions of submicrometer aerosol deposition in the nasal cavity using a novel drift flux approach (2008) International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51 (23-24), pp. 5562-5577; Shanley, K.T., Zamankhan, P., Ahmadi, G., Hopke, P.K., Cheng, Y.-S., Numerical simulations investigating the regional and overall deposition efficiency of the human nasal cavity (2008) Inhalation toxicology, 20 (12), pp. 1093-1100. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1aru7%2FJ, PID: 18800272; Wilhelm, F.H., Roth, W.T., Sackner, M.A., The LifeShirt: an advanced system for ambulatory measurement of respiratory and cardiac function (2003) Behavior Modification, 27 (5), pp. 671-691. , PID: 14531161; , p. 275. , ANSYS Fluent Theory Guide version 14.5. ANSYS Inc, Southpointe; Schneider, C.A., Rasband, W.S., Eliceiri, K.W., NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis (2012) Nature Methods, 9 (7), p. 671. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVKntb7P, PID: 22930834; Benninger, M.S., Techniques of intranasal steroid use (2004) Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 130 (1), pp. 5-24. , PID: 14726906; Kundoor, V., Dalby, R.N., Effect of formulation-and administration-related variables on deposition pattern of nasal spray pumps evaluated using a nasal cast (2011) Pharmaceutical Research, 28 (8), pp. 1895-1904. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXosFCmtrw%3D, PID: 21499839; Fluticasone Propionate Nasal Spray Instructions, , http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=5767, Accessed: 9/21/2013; Sreenath, S.B., (2018) Comparative Analysis of the Main Nasal Cavity and the Paranasal Sinuses in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: An Anatomic Study of Maximal Medical Therapy; Cheng, Y.S., Characterization of nasal spray pumps and deposition pattern in a replica of the human nasal airway (2001) Journal of Aerosol Medicine, 14 (2), pp. 267-280. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmsVyitbY%3D, PID: 11681658; Finlay, W.H., (2001) The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols: An Introduction, , Academic Press; Liu, X., Doub, W.H., Guo, C., Assessment of the influence factors on nasal spray droplet velocity using phase-doppler anemometry (2011) AAPS Pharmscitech, 12 (1), pp. 337-343. , PID: 21286880; Fung, M.C., Inthavong, K., Yang, W., Lappas, P., Tu, J., External characteristics of unsteady spray atomization from a nasal spray device (2013) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 102 (3), pp. 1024-1035. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXls1OisQ%3D%3D, PID: 23303644; Inthavong, K., Fung, M.C., Yang, W., Tu, J., Measurements of droplet size distribution and analysis of nasal spray atomization from different actuation pressure (2015) Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 28 (1), pp. 59-67. , PID: 24914675; Doughty, D.V., Vibbert, C., Kewalramani, A., Bollinger, M.E., Dalby, R.N., Automated actuation of nasal spray products: Determination and comparison of adult and pediatric settings (2011) Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 37 (3), pp. 359-366. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXkvFCksLo%3D, PID: 20923391; Stremler, M.A., Basu, S., On point vortex models of exotic bluff body wakes (2014) Fluid Dynamics Research, 46 (6), p. 061410; Basu, S., Stremler, M.A., Exploring the dynamics of ‘2P’ wakes with reflective symmetry using point vortices (2017) Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 831, pp. 72-100; Basu, S., Stremler, M.A., On the motion of two point vortex pairs with glide-reflective symmetry in a periodic strip (2015) Physics of Fluids, 27 (10), p. 103603; Basu, S., (2014) Dynamics of Vortices in Complex Wakes: Modeling, Analysis, and Experiments, , Ph.D. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Stremler, M.A., Salmanzadeh, A., Basu, S., Williamson, C.H.K., A mathematical model of 2P and 2C vortex wakes (2011) Journal of Fluids and Structures, 27 (5), pp. 774-783; Basu, S., Yawar, A., Concha, A., Bandi, M.M., On angled bounce-off impact of a drop impinging on a flowing soap film (2017) Fluid Dynamics Research, 49 (6), p. 065509; Zhao, K., Jiang, J., What is normal nasal airflow? A computational study of 22 healthy adults (2014) International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 4, pp. 435-446. , Wiley Online Library; Calmet, H., Nasal sprayed particle deposition in a human nasal cavity under different inhalation conditions (2019) PloS One, 14 (9). , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhvF2isrnI, PID: 31490971; Guo, Y., Laube, B., Dalby, R., The effect of formulation variables and breathing patterns on the site of nasal deposition in an anatomically correct model (2005) Pharmaceutical Research, 22 (11), pp. 1871-1878. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFChs7nM, PID: 16091994; Dayal, P., Shaik, M.S., Singh, M., Evaluation of different parameters that affect droplet-size distribution from nasal sprays using the Malvern Spraytec (2004) Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 93 (7), pp. 1725-1742. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXltlKrsrs%3D, PID: 15176062; Rygg, A., Longest, P.W., Absorption and clearance of pharmaceutical aerosols in the human nose: development of a CFD model (2016) Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 29 (5), pp. 416-431. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xhs1SjtLnN, PID: 26824178; Schroeter, J.D., Simulation of the phase change and deposition of inhaled semi-volatile liquid droplets in the nasal passages of rats and humans (2016) Journal of Aerosol Science, 95, pp. 15-29. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xhs1Kntro%3D; Sridhar, G.N., (2020) Intranasal Vaccine for COVID-19 under Development: Bharat Biotech, , https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/intranasal-vaccine-forcovid-19-under-development-bharat-biotech/article31244361.ece, accessed April 9; Kim, M.H., Kim, H.J., Chang, J., Superior immune responses induced by intranasal immunization with recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine expressing full-length Spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2019) Plos One, 14 (7); Oberdick, J., (2020) Rethinking the Traditional Vaccine Delivery in Response to Coronaviruses, , https://news.psu.edu/story/617126/2020/04/24/research/rethinking-traditional757vaccine-delivery-response-coronaviruses, accessed May 6; Lee, J.S., Mucosal immunization with surface-displayed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein on Lactobacillus casei induces neutralizing antibodies in mice (2006) Journal of Virology, 80 (8), pp. 4079-4087. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xjs1Sru7s%3D, PID: 16571824; Han, J.N., Stegen, K., Cauberghs, M., Van de Woestijne, K.P., Influence of awareness of the recording of breathing on respiratory pattern in healthy humans (1997) European Respiratory Journal, 10 (1), pp. 161-166. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7osVOnsg%3D%3D, PID: 9032510; Bennett, W.D., Effect of obesity on ozone-induced changes in airway function, inflammation, and reactivity in adult females (2012) A49. Air Pollution: Respiratory and Novel Health Effects, pp. A1742-A1742. , American Thoracic Society PY - 2020 SN - 20452322 (ISSN) ST - Numerical evaluation of spray position for improved nasal drug delivery T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Numerical evaluation of spray position for improved nasal drug delivery UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087009445&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-020-66716-0&partnerID=40&md5=995630e418b1ecee5d39482208341f62 VL - 10 ID - 281 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash, United States Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex, United States Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Tex, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Beer, L. AU - Gray, M. AU - Carbajal, M. M. AU - French, H. AU - Vasquez, M. AU - Bauserman, M. AU - Bonachea, E. M. C2 - 32502533 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.acap.2020.05.027 IS - 6 J2 - Acad. Pediatr. KW - coronavirus disease 2019 e-learning education program human medical education Note pandemic professional knowledge resident LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Beer, L.; Department of Pediatrics, 700 Children's Dr, United States; email: Lindsey.Beer@nationwidechildrens.org References: (2020), https://acgme.org/COVID-19/Stage-2-Increased-Clinical-Demands-Guidance, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Stage 2: increased clinical demands guidance. ACGME main page. Available at: Accessed April 14; French, H., Gray, M., Gillam-Krakauer, M., Flipping the classroom: a national pilot curriculum for physiology in neonatal–perinatal medicine (2018) J Perinatol, 38, pp. 1420-1427 PY - 2020 SN - 18762859 (ISSN) SP - 758-759 ST - “Megaflip,” a Novel Approach to National Collaboration for Flipped Classroom Education T2 - Academic Pediatrics TI - “Megaflip,” a Novel Approach to National Collaboration for Flipped Classroom Education UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087204605&doi=10.1016%2fj.acap.2020.05.027&partnerID=40&md5=fe95fb419b1422dbdf4ef1fd54a6a6fd VL - 20 ID - 429 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to drastic changes in how psychiatric consultation-liaison (C-L) services conduct business and required rapid transition to telepsychiatry. We describe the practice changes implemented to rapid transition to virtual care in a large, academic psychiatry C-L service in response to the pandemic. Objective: To describe clinical service structural changes, timelines and impacts on consultation volume as well as present quantitative and qualitative data regarding the experience of this transition from the standpoints of both psychiatric trainees and attending physicians. Methods: We present the narrative descriptions of transition details based on focused interviews with inpatient C-L leadership. Inpatient consult volume and charge data were gathered using analysis of health system data. Attending and trainee experience of the transition to virtual care were assessed using anonymous, online surveys. Results: During the pandemic, the average weekly consultation volume and average weekly charges were significantly lower compared with prepandemic. Both volume and charges were affected by addition of video consultation capability. Both attendings and trainees had moderate or high comfort and moderate satisfaction with telephone and video consultations. Overall, the trainee satisfaction with supervision, learning, and their consult psychiatry experience did not seem to be affected by the pandemic. Conclusions: Our results support the feasibility of the rapid implementation of virtual care in a psychiatric academic C-L service without negatively impacting the learner's consult psychiatry experience. This should provide comfort to academic C-L services that required rapid implementation of virtual care. © 2020 Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Beran, C. AU - Sowa, N. A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.psym.2020.11.002 J2 - Psychosomatics KW - academic consultation-liaison COVID-19 implementation SARS-CoV-2 telepsychiatry LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PSYCB Correspondence Address: Sowa, N.A.; Department of Psychiatry, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, United States; email: nate_sowa@med.unc.edu References: Bojdani, E., Rajagopalan, A., Chen, A., COVID-19 pandemic: impact on psychiatric care in the United States (2020) Psychiatry Res, 289, p. 113069; Funk, M.C., Beach, S.R., Shah, S.B., Boland, R., Consultation-liaison psychiatry in the age of COVID-19: reaffirming ourselves and our worth (2020) Psychosomatics, 61, pp. 571-572; Shah, S.B., Report from Brigham and Women's Hospital consultation-liaison service [internet] (2020), p. 2. , https://www.clpsychiatry.org/wp-content/uploads/Submission-Report-from-Brigham-and-Women-Hospital-032420.pdf, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA Available from:; Desan, P., Report from Yale New Haven Hospital [internet] (2020), p. 2. , https://www.clpsychiatry.org/wp-content/uploads/Submission-Report-from-Yale-New-Haven-Hospital-032420.pdf, Yale School of Medicine New Haven, CT Available from:; Soeprono, T., Dubovsky, A., COVID-19 inpatient CL workforce preservation plan [internet] (2020), p. 4. , https://www.clpsychiatry.org/wp-content/uploads/U-of-W-COVID-CL-preservation-plan-032920.pdf, University of Washington Seattle, WA Available from:; Kimmel, R.J., Toor, R., Telepsychiatry by a public, academic medical center for inpatient consults at an unaffiliated, community hospital (2019) Psychosomatics, 60, pp. 468-473; DeVido, J., Glezer, A., Branagan, L., Lau, A., Bourgeois, J.A., Telepsychiatry for inpatient consultations at a separate campus of an academic medical center (2016) Telemed J E Health, 22, pp. 572-576; Graziane, J.A., Gopalan, P., Cahalane, J., Telepsychiatry consultation for medical and surgical inpatient units (2018) Psychosomatics, 59, pp. 62-66; Cabrera, M.A., Karamsetty, L., Simpson, S.A., Coronavirus and its implications for psychiatry: a rapid review of the early literature (2020) Psychosomatics, 61, pp. 607-615 PY - 2020 SN - 00333182 (ISSN) ST - Adaptation of an Academic Inpatient Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Effects on Clinical Practice and Trainee Supervision T2 - Psychosomatics TI - Adaptation of an Academic Inpatient Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Service During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Effects on Clinical Practice and Trainee Supervision UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097235202&doi=10.1016%2fj.psym.2020.11.002&partnerID=40&md5=279d441e9caeae3584e07eb39aa21c19 ID - 537 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Division of General Internal Medicine, Boston Health Care for Homeless Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, United States AU - Berkowitz, S. A. AU - Cenã, C. W. AU - Chatterjee, A. C2 - 32706955 C7 - e76 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMp2021209 IS - 12 J2 - New Engl. J. Med. KW - Black person Caucasian clinical practice community care coronavirus disease 2019 financial management food insecurity health care delivery health care policy health care system health disparity health equity health program Hispanic human indigenous people investment mortality nutritional support pandemic priority journal public health service racism Short Survey social determinants of health social distancing social status unemployment unemployment insurance United States Betacoronavirus catering service Coronavirus infection economics insurance legislation and jurisprudence virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Food Supply Health Policy Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Short Survey N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NEJMA References: Price-Haywood, E.G., Burton, J., Fort, D., Seoane, L., Hospitalization and mortality among black patients and white patients with Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 2534-2543; Hooper, M.W., Nápoles, A.M., Pérez-Stable, E.J., COVID-19 and racial/ethnic disparities (2020) Jama Network, , https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2766098, May 11; Bibbins-Domingo, K., This time must be different: Disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Annals of Internal Medicine, , https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/M20-2247, April 28; Fitzpatrick, K.M., Harris, C., Drawve, G., (2020) Assessing U.S. Food Insecurity in the United States during COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://fulbright.uark.edu/departments/sociology/research-centers/community-family-institute/_resources/community-and-family-institute/revised-assessing-food-insecurity-brief.pdf, Fayetteville: University of Arkansas; Konczal, M., Unemployment insurance is a vital part of economic freedom (2020) The Nation, , https://www.thenation.com/article/economy/cares-act-unemployment/, May 29 PY - 2020 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) ST - Covid-19 and Health Equity-Time to Think Big T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - Covid-19 and Health Equity-Time to Think Big UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091191549&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMp2021209&partnerID=40&md5=391b3f5e74671ae9cec82cd95b033aa0 VL - 383 ID - 363 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Although chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and quinine are used for a range of medical conditions, recent research suggested a potential role in treating COVID-19. The resultant increase in prescribing was accompanied by an increase in adverse events, including severe toxicity and death. The Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning (EXTRIP) workgroup sought to determine the effect of and indications for extracorporeal treatments in cases of poisoning with these drugs. Methods We conducted systematic reviews of the literature, screened studies, extracted data, and summarized findings following published EXTRIP methods. Results A total of 44 studies (three in vitro studies, two animal studies, 28 patient reports or patient series, and 11 pharmacokinetic studies) met inclusion criteria regarding the effect of extracorporeal treatments. Toxicokinetic or pharmacokinetic analysis was available for 61 patients (13 chloroquine, three hydroxychloroquine, and 45 quinine). Clinical data were available for analysis from 38 patients, including 12 with chloroquine toxicity, one with hydroxychloroquine toxicity, and 25 with quinine toxicity. All three drugs were classified as non-dialyzable (not amenable to clinically significant removal by extracorporeal treatments). The available data do not support using extracorporeal treatments in addition to standard care for patients severely poisoned with either chloroquine or quinine (strong recommendation, very low quality of evidence). Although hydroxychloroquine was assessed as being non-dialyzable, the clinical evidence was not sufficient to support a formal recommendation regarding the use of extracorporeal treatments for this drug. Conclusions On the basis of our systematic review and analysis, the EXTRIP workgroup recommends against using extracorporeal methods to enhance elimination of these drugs in patients with severe chloroquine or quinine poisoning. Copyright © 2020 by the American Society of Nephrology AD - Department of Emergency Medicine, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW, Australia Department of Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW, Australia School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States Maryland Poison Center, Baltimore, MD, United States Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, United States Poison Control Section, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman Research Center, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Centre Intégré de Santé, Services Sociaux Montérégie-Centre Emergency Department, Hôpital Charles-Lemoyne, Greenfield Park, QC, Canada Department of Emergency Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Centre Antipoison du Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada Research Center, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States AU - Berling, I. AU - King, J. D. AU - Shepherd, G. AU - Hoffman, R. S. AU - Alhatali, B. AU - Lavergne, V. AU - Roberts, D. M. AU - Gosselin, S. AU - Wilson, G. AU - Nolin, T. D. AU - Ghannoum, M. AU - Anseeuw, K. AU - Bird, S. AU - Bunchman, T. AU - Bouchard, J. AU - Calello, D. AU - Chin, P. AU - Doi, K. AU - Galvao, T. AU - Goldfarb, D. AU - Hassanian, H. AU - Hoegberg, L. AU - Kallab, S. AU - Kebede, S. AU - Kielstein, J. AU - Lewington, A. AU - Li, Y. AU - Macedo, E. AU - MacLaren, R. AU - Megarbane, B. AU - Mowry, J. AU - Osterman, M. AU - Peng, A. AU - Roy, J. P. AU - Vijayan, A. AU - Walsh, S. AU - Wong, A. AU - Wood, D. AU - Yates, C. AU - workgroup, Extrip C2 - 32963091 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1681/ASN.2020050564 IS - 10 J2 - J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. KW - chloroquine hydroxychloroquine quinine Article drug blood level drug intoxication exchange blood transfusion extracorporeal therapy hemodialysis human nonhuman peritoneal dialysis priority journal systematic review toxicokinetics complication Coronavirus infection female male pandemic practice guideline procedures risk assessment therapy United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Outcome Assessment, Health Care Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Poisoning Practice Guidelines as Topic Renal Dialysis LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JASNE Correspondence Address: Ghannoum, M.; Verdun Hospital, 4000 Lasalle Boulevard, Canada; email: marcghannoum@gmail.com Chemicals/CAS: chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; quinine, 130-89-2, 130-95-0, 14358-44-2, 549-48-4, 549-49-5, 60-93-5, 7549-43-1; Chloroquine; Hydroxychloroquine; Quinine Funding text 1: Thomas D. Nolin reports personal fees from MediBeacon, personal fees from CytoSorbents, and other from McGraw-Hill Education outside the submitted work. Marc Ghannoum is a scholar of the Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé. Darren Roberts acknowledges support of St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research Clinician “Buy-Out” Program. All remaining authors have nothing to disclose. References: Gautret, P, Lagier, J-C, Parola, P, Hoang, VT, Meddeb, L, Mailhe, M, Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: Results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 56, p. 105949; Colson, P, Rolain, JM, Lagier, JC, Brouqui, P, Raoult, D, Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as available weapons to fight COVID-19 (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55, p. 105932; Borba, MGS, Val, FFA, Sampaio, VS, Alexandre, MAA, Melo, GC, Brito, M, Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: A randomized clinical trial (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3, p. e208857; Magagnoli, J, Narendran, S, Pereira, F, Cummings, T, Hardin, JW, Sutton, SS, Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with COVID-19 [published online ahead of print June 5, 2020] Med; Chorin, E, Dai, M, Shulman, E, Wadhwani, L, Bar-Cohen, R, Barbhaiya, C, The QT interval in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 808-809; Mégarbane, B, Bloch, V, Hirt, D, Debray, M, Résiére, D, Deye, N, Blood concentrations are better predictors of chioroquine poisoning severity than plasma concentrations: A prospective study with modeling of the concentration/effect relationships (2010) Clin Toxicol (Phila), 48, pp. 904-915; Duggin, GG, Extracorporeal techniques in the treatment of poisoned patients (1991) Med J Aust, 155, pp. 62-63; Winchester, JF, Harbord, NB, Intoxications amenable to extracorporeal removal (2011) Adv Chronic Kidney Dis, 18, pp. 167-171; Lavergne, V, Nolin, TD, Hoffman, RS, Roberts, D, Gosselin, S, Goldfarb, DS, The EXTRIP (EXtracorporeal TReatments In Poisoning) workgroup: Guideline methodology (2012) Clin Toxicol (Phila), 50, pp. 403-413; Lavergne, V, Ouellet, G, Bouchard, J, Galvao, T, Kielstein, JT, Roberts, DM, Guidelines for reporting case studies on extracorporeal treatments in poisonings: Methodology (2014) Semin Dial, 27, pp. 407-414; Lee, MR, Plants against malaria. Part 1. Cinchona or the Peruvian bark (2002) J R Coll Physicians Edinb, 32, pp. 189-196; Achan, J, Talisuna, AO, Erhart, A, Yeka, A, Tibenderana, JK, Baliraine, FN, Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: Role in the treatment of malaria (2011) Malar J, 10, p. 144; Cabral, RTS, Klumb, EM, Carneiro, S, Patients opinion and adherence to antimalarials in lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis treatment (2020) J Dermatolog Treat, 31, pp. 264-269; Diener, HC, Baurecht, W, [Tolerability, compliance, quality of life, and clinical outcome during treatment with quinine sulfate in patients with nocturnal calf cramps. A multicenter non-interventional study (NIS) in adults] (2019) MMW Fortschr Med, 161, pp. 24-31; Kupferschmidt, K, Cohen, J, Race to find COVID-19 treatments accelerates (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1412-1413; Request for emergency use: Authorization for use of chloroquine phosphate or hydroxychloroquine sulfate supplied from the strategic national stockpile for treatment of 2019 coronavirus disease, 2020, , https://www.fda.gov/media/136534/download, Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Accessed April 20, 2020; Krishna, S, White, NJ, Pharmacokinetics of quinine, chloroquine and amodiaquine. Clinical implications (1996) Clin Pharmacokinet, 30, pp. 263-299; Ofori-Adjei, D, Ericsson, O, Lindström, B, Sjöqvist, F, Protein binding of chloroquine enantiomers and desethylchloroquine (1986) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 22, pp. 356-358; Plantone, D, Koudriavtseva, T, Current and future use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in infectious, immune, neoplastic, and neurological diseases: A mini-review (2018) Clin Drug Investig, 38, pp. 653-671; Lim, HS, Im, JS, Cho, JY, Bae, KS, Klein, TA, Yeom, JS, Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine and its clinical implications in chemoprophylaxis against malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53, pp. 1468-1475; Tett, SE, Cutler, DJ, Day, RO, Brown, KF, Bioavailability of hydroxychloroquine tablets in healthy volunteers (1989) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 27, pp. 771-779; Furst, DE, Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine during treatment of rheumatic diseases (1996) Lupus, 5, pp. S11-S15; Silamut, K, Molunto, P, Ho, M, Davis, TM, White, NJ, Alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) and plasma protein binding of quinine in falciparum malaria (1991) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 32, pp. 311-315; Roy, L, Bannon, P, Villeneuve, J-P, Leblanc, M, Quinine pharmacokinetics in chronic haemodialysis patients (2002) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 54, pp. 604-609; Mirghani, RA, Hellgren, U, Bertilsson, L, Gustafsson, LL, Ericsson, O, Metabolism and elimination of quinine in healthy volunteers (2003) Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 59, pp. 423-427; Rimchala, P, Karbwang, J, Sukontason, K, Banmairuroi, V, Molunto, P, Na-Bangchang, K, Pharmacokinetics of quinine in patients with chronic renal failure (1996) Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 49, pp. 497-501; Newton, P, Keeratithakul, D, Teja-Isavadharm, P, Pukrittayakamee, S, Kyle, D, White, N, Pharmacokinetics of quinine and 3-hydroxyquinine in severe falciparum malaria with acute renal failure (1999) Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 93, pp. 69-72; Dyson, EH, Proudfoot, AT, Prescott, LF, Heyworth, R, Death and blindness due to overdose of quinine (1985) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 291, pp. 31-33; Boland, ME, Roper, SM, Henry, JA, Complications of quinine poisoning (1985) Lancet, 1, pp. 384-385; Bateman, DN, Blain, PG, Woodhouse, KW, Rawlins, MD, Dyson, H, Heyworth, R, Pharmacokinetics and clinical toxicity of quinine overdosage: Lack of efficacy of techniques intended to enhance elimination (1985) Q J Med, 54, pp. 125-131; Mackie, MA, Davidson, J, Clarke, J, Quinine-acute self-poisoning and ocular toxicity (1997) Scott Med J, 42, pp. 8-9; Clemessy, JL, Taboulet, P, Hoffman, JR, Hantson, P, Barriot, P, Bismuth, C, Treatment of acute chloroquine poisoning: A 5-year experience (1996) Crit Care Med, 24, pp. 1189-1195; Jaeger, A, Sauder, P, Kopferschmitt, J, Flesch, F, Clinical features and management of poisoning due to antimalarial drugs (1987) Med Toxicol, 2, pp. 242-273; Britton, WJ, Kevau, IH, Intentional chloroquine overdosage (1978) Med J Aust, 2, pp. 407-410; Jaeger, A, Sauder, P, Kopferschmitt, J, Flesch, F, [Hypokalemia in chloroquine poisoning (1987) Presse Med, 16, pp. 1658-1659; Fung, HT, Lam, KK, Wong, OF, Lau, B, Kam, CW, A case of fatal hydroxychloroquine overdose (2007) Hong Kong J Emerg Med, 14, pp. 53-57; Ling Ngan Wong, A, Tsz Fung Cheung, I, Graham, CA, Hydroxychloroquine overdose: Case report and recommendations for management (2008) Eur J Emerg Med, 15, pp. 16-18; Angel, G, Guerre Berthelot, P, Rogier, C, Hypokalaemia related to acute chloroquine poisoning (1995) Lancet, 346, p. 1625; Vitris, M, Aubert, M, [Chloroquine poisoning: Our experience apropos of 80 cases] (1983) Dakar Méd, 28, pp. 593-602; Clemessy, JL, Angel, G, Borron, SW, Ndiaye, M, Le Brun, F, Julien, H, Therapeutic trial of diazepam versus placebo in acute chloroquine intoxications of moderate gravity (1996) Intensive Care Med, 22, pp. 1400-1405; Di Maio, VJ, Henry, LD, Chloroquine poisoning (1974) South Med J, 67, pp. 1031-1035; Riou, B, Barriot, P, Rimailho, A, Baud, FJ, Treatment of severe chloroquine poisoning (1988) N Engl J Med, 318, pp. 1-6; Vitris, M, Larregle, B, Aubert, M, [Importance of chloroquine levels in chloroquine poisoning (1983) Dakar Méd, 28, pp. 103-112; Demaziere, J, Saissy, JM, Vitris, M, Seck, M, Ndiaye, M, Gaye, M, [Effects of diazepam on mortality from acute chloroquine poisoning (1992) Ann Fr Anesth Reanim, 11, pp. 164-167; Constantin, B, Charmot, G, [Voluntary poisoning by chloroquine. Apropos of 20 cases] (1966) Therapie, 21, pp. 387-395; Langford, NJ, Good, AM, Laing, WJ, Bateman, DN, Quinine intoxications reported to the Scottish Poisons Information Bureau 1997-2002: A continuing problem (2003) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 56, pp. 576-578; Czajka, PA, Flynn, PJ, Nonfatal chloroquine poisoning (1978) Clin Toxicol, 13, pp. 361-369; Isbister, GK, Dawson, A, Whyte, IM, Hydroxychloroquine overdose: A prospective case series (2002) Am J Emerg Med, 20, pp. 377-378; Gunja, N, Roberts, D, McCoubrie, D, Lamberth, P, Jan, A, Simes, DC, Survival after massive hydroxychloroquine overdose (2009) Anaesth Intensive Care, 37, pp. 130-133; de Olano, J, Howland, MA, Su, MK, Hoffman, RS, Biary, R, Toxicokinetics of hydroxychloroquine following a massive overdose (2019) Am J Emerg Med, 37, pp. 2264e5-2264e8; Glick, L, Mumford, J, Quinine amblyopia; treatment by stellate ganglion block (1955) BMJ, 2, pp. 94-96; Durcan, L, Clarke, WA, Magder, LS, Petri, M, Hydroxychloroquine blood levels in systemic lupus erythematosus: Clarifying dosing controversies and improving adherence (2015) J Rheumatol, 42, pp. 2092-2097; Miller, D, Fiechtner, J, Hydroxychloroquine overdosage (1989) J Rheumatol, 16, pp. 142-143; Nwobodo, EO, Obi, J, Chloroquine overdose and leucopenia in Nigerians (1993) Isr J Med Sci, 29, pp. 817-818; Elmalem, J, Garnier, R, Thomas, G, Efthymiou, ML, Increased incidence of suicide with chloroquine (1986) Concours Med, 108, p. 2450; Ball, DE, Tagwireyi, D, Nhachi, CF, Chloroquine poisoning in Zimbabwe: A toxicoepidemiological study (2002) J Appl Toxicol, 22, pp. 311-315; Merino Argumánez, C, Sáez de La Fuente, I, Molina Collado, Z, Suárez Pita, D, Mestre Gómez, B, Sanchez Izquierdo, JA, Hydroxychloroquine, a potentially lethal drug (2017) Med Intensiva, 41, pp. 257-259; Gummin, DD, Mowry, JB, Spyker, DA, Brooks, DE, Beuhler, MC, Rivers, LJ, 2018 annual report of the American association of poison control Centers' national poison data system (NPDS): 36th annual report [published correction appears in Clin Toxicol (Phila) 57: e1, 2019] (2019) Clin Toxicol (Phila), 57, pp. 1220-1413. , et al; Bondurand, A, N'Dri, D, Coffi, S, Saracino, E, Chloroquine intoxication at the University Hospital of Abidjan (1983) Afr J Med Sci, 179, pp. 239-242; Soichot, M, Megarbane, B, Chevillard, L, Khoudour, N, Laprevote, O, Bourgogne, E, Blood concentrations of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in hydroxychloroquine-poisoned patients: Usefulness on admission to the intensive care unit and pharmacokinetics (2014) Clin Toxicol, 52, p. 701; Kim, T, Cheema, N, DesLauriers, C, Bryant, S, Hydroxychloroquine poisoning and the potential for cardiotoxicity (2018) J Med Toxicol, 14, pp. 32-33; Cheema, N, Bryant, SM, Hydroxychloroquine and cardiotoxicity: A retrospective review of regional poison center data (2013) Clin Toxicol, 51, p. 712; Curry, SC, Connor, DA, Clark, RF, Holland, D, Carrol, L, Raschke, R, The effect of hypertonic sodium bicarbonate on QRS duration in rats poisoned with chloroquine (1996) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol, 34, pp. 73-76; Marquardt, K, Albertson, TE, Treatment of hydroxychloroquine overdose (2001) Am J Emerg Med, 19, pp. 420-424; Mégarbane, B, MohebbiI-Amoli, S, Theodore, J, Deye, N, Brun, P, Malissin, I, Prognosis factors of poisonings treated with extracorporeal life support in the ICU (2008) Crit Care, 12, p. 359. , [Suppl 2]; Ghannoum, M, Hoffman, RS, Gosselin, S, Nolin, TD, Lavergne, V, Roberts, DM, Use of extracorporeal treatments in the management of poisonings (2018) Kidney Int, 94, pp. 682-688; Akintonwa, A, Odutola, TA, Edeki, T, Mabadeje, AF, Hemodialysis clearance of chloroquine in uremic patients (1986) Ther Drug Monit, 8, pp. 285-287; Maier, RD, Benkert, B, [Toxicological aspects of fatal chloroquine poisoning over a period of several days (1984) Z Rechtsmed, 92, pp. 27-33; Boereboom, FT, Ververs, FF, Meulenbelt, J, van Dijk, A, Hemoperfusion is ineffectual in severe chloroquine poisoning (2000) Crit Care Med, 28, pp. 3346-3350; Heath, A, Ahlmén, J, Mellstrand, T, Wickström, I, Resin hemoperfusion in chloroquine poisoning (1982) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol, 19, pp. 1067-1071; Garnier, R, Elmalem, J, Haemoperfusion in chloroquine poisoning (1985) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 291, p. 141; Reichel, C, Paar, WD, Inefficacy of hemoperfusion in the treatment of chloroquine poisoning (1991) Intensivmed, 28, pp. 492-494; Floyd, M, Hill, AV, Ormston, BJ, Menzies, R, Porter, R, Quinine amblyopia treated by hemodialysis (1974) Clin Nephrol, 2, pp. 44-46; Sabto, JK, Pierce, RM, West, RH, Gurr, FW, Hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, plasmapheresis and forced diuresis for the treatment of quinine overdose (1981) Clin Nephrol, 16, pp. 264-268; Liotier, J, Richard, D, Deteix, P, Coudoré, F, Souweine, B, Quinine clearance during continuous veno-venous high-volume hemofiltration (2008) Intensive Care Med, 34, pp. 1925-1926; Jacobs, F, Nicolaos, G, Prieur, S, Brivet, F, Quinine dosage may not need to be reduced during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in severe anuric malaria (2004) Clin Infect Dis, 39, pp. 288-289; Davies, JG, Greenwood, EF, Kingswood, JC, Sharpstone, P, Street, MK, Quinine clearance in continuous venovenous hemofiltration (1996) Ann Pharmacother, 30, pp. 487-490; Held, H, Effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis in the therapy of quinine poisoning (1972) Deut med Wochenschr, 97, pp. 1793-1795; Dupont, B, Clausen, E, Rasmussen, S, Rehfeldt, J, [Quinine poisoning. A case treated with intravenous sodium nitrite, forced diuresis, and peritoneal dialysis (1970) Ugeskr Laeger, 132, pp. 50-53; McCann, WP, Permisohn, R, Palmisano, PA, Fatal chloroquine poisoning in a child: Experience with peritoneal dialysis (1975) Pediatrics, 55, pp. 536-538; Lareng, L, Fabre, M, Jean, D, Bourzai, V, Nivaquine intoxication (1980) Cah Anesthesiol, 28, pp. 223-231; Jallouli, M, Galicier, L, Zahr, N, Aumaître, O, Francès, C, Le Guern, V, Determinants of hydroxychloroquine blood concentration variations in systemic lupus erythematosus (2015) Arthritis Rheumatol, 67, pp. 2176-2184. , Plaquenil Lupus Systemic Study Group; Van Stone, JC, Hemodialysis and chloroquine poisoning (1976) J Lab Clin Med, 88, pp. 87-90; Trafford, JA, Jones, RH, Evans, R, Sharp, P, Sharpstone, P, Cook, J, Haemoperfusion with R-004 Amberlite resin for treating acute poisoning (1977) BMJ, 2, pp. 1453-1456; McBeth, PB, Missirlis, PI, Brar, H, Dhingra, V, Novel therapies for myocardial irritability following extreme hydroxychloroquine toxicity (2015) Case Rep Emerg Med, 2015, p. 692948; Gibbs, JL, Trafford, A, Sharpstone, P, Quinine amblyopia treated by combined haemodialysis and activated resin haemoperfusion (1985) Lancet, 1, pp. 752-753; Goldenberg, AM, Wexler, LF, Quinine overdose: Review of toxicity and treatment (1988) Clin Cardiol, 11, pp. 716-718; Hillman, E, Harpur, ER, Hazards to health. Quinine poisoning (1961) N Engl J Med, 264, pp. 138-139; Shimanko, II, Yaroslavsky, AA, Early hemodialysis in severe poisoning with ethylene glycol, quinine and pachycarpine[Russian] (1974) Sov Med, 37, pp. 92-96; Bodenhamer, JE, Smilkstein, MJ, Delayed cardiotoxicity following quinine overdose: A case report (1993) J Emerg Med, 11, pp. 279-285; Morgan, MD, Rainford, DJ, Pusey, CD, Robins-Cherry, AM, Henry, JG, The treatment of quinine poisoning with charcoal haemoperfusion (1983) Postgrad Med J, 59, pp. 365-367; Bouchard, J, Lavergne, V, Roberts, DM, Cormier, M, Morissette, G, Ghannoum, M, Availability and cost of extracorporeal treatments for poisonings and other emergency indications: A worldwide survey (2017) Nephrol Dial Transplant, 32, pp. 699-706; Paintaud, G, Alván, G, Ericsson, O, The reproducibility of quinine bioavailability (1993) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 35, pp. 305-307; Tett, SE, Clinical pharmacokinetics of slow-acting antirheumatic drugs (1993) Clin Pharmacokinet, 25, pp. 392-407; Gustafsson, LL, Walker, O, Alván, G, Beermann, B, Estevez, F, Gleisner, L, Disposition of chloroquine in man after single intravenous and oral doses (1983) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 15, pp. 471-479; Laurin, LP, Lévesque, R, Roy, L, Hemodiafiltration does not improve drug protein binding compared to conventional hemodialysis: An in vitro study (2012) Blood Purif, 33, pp. 307-308; Walker, O, Birkett, DJ, Alván, G, Gustafsson, LL, Sjöqvist, F, Characterization of chloroquine plasma protein binding in man (1983) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 15, pp. 375-377; Donadio, JV, Whelton, A, Kazyak, L, Quinine therapy and peritoneal dialysis in acute renal failure complicating malarial haemoglobinuria (1968) Lancet, 1, pp. 375-379; Franke, U, Proksch, B, Müller, M, Risler, T, Ehninger, G, Drug monitoring of quinine by HPLC in cerebral malaria with acute renal failure treated by haemofiltration (1987) Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 33, pp. 293-296; Hall, A, Yardumian, A, Marsh, A, Exchange transfusion and quinine concentrations in falciparum malaria (1985) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 291, pp. 1169-1170; Sharma, AM, Keller, F, Boeckh, M, Heitz, J, Borner, K, Quinine dosage in severe malaria with renal failure necessitating haemodialysis (1989) Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 36, pp. 535-536; Sukontason, K, Karbwang, J, Rimchala, W, Tin, T, Na-Bangchang, K, Banmairuroi, V, Plasma quinine concentrations in falciparum malaria with acute renal failure (1996) Trop Med Int Health, 1, pp. 236-242; Markham, TN, Dodson, VN, Eckberg, DL, Peritoneal dialysis in quinine sulfate intoxication (1967) JAMA, 202, pp. 1102-1103; Brass, P, Hellmich, M, Kolodziej, L, Schick, G, Smith, AF, Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization (2015) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, p. CD011447; Brass, P, Hellmich, M, Kolodziej, L, Schick, G, Smith, AF, Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for internal jugular vein catheterization (2015) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, p. CD006962; Parienti, JJ, Mongardon, N, Mégarbane, B, Mira, JP, Kalfon, P, Gros, A, Intravascular complications of central venous catheterization by insertion site (2015) N Engl J Med, 373, pp. 1220-1229. , 3SITES Study Group; Shin, HJ, Na, HS, Koh, WU, Ro, YJ, Lee, JM, Choi, YJ, Complications in internal jugular vs subclavian ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization: A comparative randomized trial (2019) Intensive Care Med, 45, pp. 968-976; Björkander, M, Bentzer, P, Schött, U, Broman, ME, Kander, T, Mechanical complications of central venous catheter insertions: A retrospective multicenter study of incidence and risks (2019) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 63, pp. 61-68; Wong, B, Zimmerman, D, Reintjes, F, Courtney, M, Klarenbach, S, Dowling, G, Procedure-related serious adverse events among home hemodialysis patients: A quality assurance perspective (2014) Am J Kidney Dis, 63, pp. 251-258; Tennankore, KK, d'Gama, C, Faratro, R, Fung, S, Wong, E, Chan, CT, Adverse technical events in home hemodialysis (2015) Am J Kidney Dis, 65, pp. 116-121; Mokrzycki, MH, Kaplan, AA, Therapeutic plasma exchange: Complications and management (1994) Am J Kidney Dis, 23, pp. 817-827; Sutton, DM, Nair, RC, Rock, G, Complications of plasma exchange (1989) Transfusion, 29, pp. 124-127; Yang, X, Xin, S, Zhang, Y, Li, T, Early hemoperfusion for emergency treatment of carbamazepine poisoning (2018) Am J Emerg Med, 36, pp. 926-930; Shannon, MW, Comparative efficacy of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion in severe theophylline intoxication (1997) Acad Emerg Med, 4, pp. 674-678 PY - 2020 SN - 10466673 (ISSN) SP - 2475-2489 ST - Extracorporeal treatment for chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and quinine poisoning: Systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup T2 - Journal of the American Society of Nephrology TI - Extracorporeal treatment for chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and quinine poisoning: Systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092274626&doi=10.1681%2fASN.2020050564&partnerID=40&md5=7df85369bbe3d2d084a642b00f4f934e VL - 31 ID - 339 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, Saint Pancras, London, WC1H 9SH, United Kingdom Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States United Nations Children’s Fund Office of Research Innocenti, Florence, Italy AU - Bhatia, A. AU - Fabbri, C. AU - Cerna-Turoff, I. AU - Tanton, C. AU - Knight, L. AU - Turner, E. AU - Lokot, M. AU - Lees, S. AU - Cislaghi, B. AU - Peterman, A. AU - Guedes, A. AU - Devries, K. C2 - 33012855 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2471/BLT.20.263467 IS - 9 J2 - Bull. WHO KW - caregiver child child abuse child care child nutrition child protection cholera coronavirus disease 2019 Ebola hemorrhagic fever Editorial emotional abuse gender based violence harassment health care access human interview parental stress physical violence prevalence quarantine refugee sexual exploitation sexual violence social distance tension violence vulnerable population adolescent Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection female infant male pandemic preschool child prevention and control virus pneumonia Child, Preschool Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: BWHOA Correspondence Address: Bhatia, A.; Department of Global Health and Development, 15-17 Tavistock Place, Saint Pancras, United Kingdom; email: amiya.bhatia@​lshtm​.ac​.uk References: Hillis, S, Mercy, J, Amobi, A, Kress, H., Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: a systematic review and minimum estimates (2016) Pediatrics, 137 (3), p. e20154079. , http://​dx​.doi​.org/​10​.1542/​peds​.2015​-4079, Mar; PMID: 26810785; Peterman, A, O’Donnell, M, Palermo, T., (2020) COVID-19 and violence against women and children. what have we learned so far?, , https://​www​.cgdev​.org/​sites/​default/​files/​covid​-and​-violence​-against​-women​-and​-children​-what​-we​-have​-learned​.pdf, Washington (DC): Center for Global Development; [cited 2020 Jul 24]; https://​www​.savethechildren​.net/​news/​spike​-violence​-against​-venezuelan​-children​-covid​-19​-deepens​-crisis, Spike in violence against Venezuelan children as COVID-19 deepens crisis. London: Save the Children; 2020. [cited 2020 Jul 24]; Bakrania, S, Chavez, C, Ipince, A, Rocca, M, Oliver, S, Stansfield, C, (2020) Impacts of pandemics and epidemics on child protection lessons learned from a rapid review in the context of COVID-19, , https://​www​.unicef​-irc​.org/​publications/​pdf/​WP​-2020​-05​-Working​-Paper​-Impacts​-Pandemics​-Child​-Protection​.pdf, Florence: UNICEF Office of Research-Innocenti; [cited 2020 Jul 23]; Fraser, E., (2020) Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on violence against women and girls, , https://​bettercarenetwork​.org/​sites/​default/​files/​2020​-03/​vawg​-helpdesk​-284​-covid​-19​-and​-vawg​.pdf, London: VAWG Helpdesk; [cited 2020 Apr 8]; Violence against children: a hidden crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, , https://​vio​lenceagain​stchildren​.un​.org/​news/​violence​-against​-children​-hidden​-crisis​-covid​-19​-pandemic, New York: United Nations special representative of the secretary-general on violence against children; 2020. [cited 2020 Jul 23]; Wang, G, Zhang, Y, Zhao, J, Zhang, J, Jiang, F., Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Lancet, 395 (10228), pp. 945-947. , http://​dx​.doi​.org/​10​.1016/​S0140​-6736(20)30547​-X, 03 21; PMID: 32145186; (2020) Technical note: protection of children during the coronavirus pandemic, , https://​alliancecpha​.org/​en/​system/​tdf/​library/​attachments/​the​_alliance​_covid​_19​_tn​_version​_2​_05​.27​.20​_final​_2​.pdf​?file​=​1​​type​=​node​​id​=​37184, New York: The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action; [cited 2020 Apr 8]; Peterman, A, Potts, A, O’Donnell, M, Thompson, K, Shah, N, Oertelt-Prigione, S, (2020) Pandemics and Violence Against Women and Children, , https://​www​.cgdev​.org/​sites/​default/​files/​pandemics​-and​-vawg​-april2​.pdf, Washington (DC): Center for Global Development; [cited 2020 Apr 8]; Gentilini, U, Almenfi, M, Orton, I, Dale, P., Social Protection and Jobs Responses to COVID-19: a real-time review of country measures, , https://​documents​.worldbank​.org/​en/​publication/​documents​-reports/​documentdetail/​590531592231143435/​social​-protection​-and​-jobs​-responses​-to​-covid​-19​-a​-real​-time​-review​-of​-country​-measures​-june​-12​-2020, Washington, DC: World Bank: 2020. [cited 2020 Jul 23]; Guedes, A, Peterman, A, Deligiorgis, D., Five ways governments are responding to violence against women and children during COVID-19, , https://​blogs​.unicef​.org/​evidence​-for​-action/​five​-ways​-governments​-are​-responding​-to​-violence​-against​-women​-and​-children​-during​-covid​-19/​, New York; United Nations Children’s Fund: 2020. [cited 2020 Apr 8]; Agenda for Action: 8 United Nations entities launch roadmap to protect children from violence in response to COVID-19, , https://​vio​lenceagain​stchildren​.un​.org/​news/​agenda​-action​-8​-united​-nations​-entities​-launch​-roadmap​-protect​-children​-violence​-response​-covid, Inter-Agency Working Group on Violence against Children. New York: United Nations special representative of the secretary-general on violence against children: 2020. [cited 2020 Jul 23] PY - 2020 SN - 00429686 (ISSN) SP - 583-583A ST - COVID-19 response measures and violence against children T2 - Bulletin of the World Health Organization TI - COVID-19 response measures and violence against children UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090520017&doi=10.2471%2fBLT.20.263467&partnerID=40&md5=b3f68dbc61348730c5c8d2c116e4665c VL - 98 ID - 374 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The reaction of the scientific community to COVID-19 is the most rapid outbreak response in recent history. Developing treatments for COVID-19 and preparing for future epidemics requires long-term investment in antiviral research. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd Here, we explore the dynamics of the response of the scientific community to several epidemics, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), as assessed by the numbers of clinical trials, publications, and level of research funding over time. All six prior epidemics studied [bird flu, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), swine flu, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola, and Zika] were characterized by an initial spike of research response that flattened shortly thereafter. Unfortunately, no antiviral medications have been discovered to date as treatments for any of these diseases. By contrast, the HIV/AIDS pandemic has garnered consistent research investment since it began and resulted in drugs being developed within 7 years of its start date, with many more to follow. We argue that, to develop effective treatments for COVID-19 and be prepared for future epidemics, long-term, consistent investment in antiviral research is needed. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd AD - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Office of Data Science, National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Morrisville, NC 27560, United States Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Toxicoinformatics Group, National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Morrisville, NC 27560, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil AU - Bobrowski, T. AU - Melo-Filho, C. C. AU - Korn, D. AU - Alves, V. M. AU - Popov, K. I. AU - Auerbach, S. AU - Schmitt, C. AU - Moorman, N. J. AU - Muratov, E. N. AU - Tropsha, A. C2 - 32679173 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.008 IS - 9 J2 - Drug Discov. Today KW - antivirus agent antiretroviral therapy avian influenza comparative study coronavirus disease 2019 drug research Ebola hemorrhagic fever high throughput screening human Human immunodeficiency virus learning curve long term care prevention and control quantitative structure activity relation Review social distancing swine influenza Zika fever Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection drug development epidemic history organization and management pandemic procedures research virus pneumonia Antiviral Agents Coronavirus Infections Epidemics History, 20th Century History, 21st Century Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: DDTOF Correspondence Address: Muratov, E.N.; Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, United States; email: murik@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antiviral Agents Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 1U01CA207160 Funding details: U.S. Department of Defense, DOD Funding details: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS, OT2R002514, OT3TR002020 Funding text 1: Alexander Tropsha is a K.H. Lee distinguished professor and associate dean for data science at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC-Chapel Hill. Professor Tropsha was awarded a PhD in chemical enzymology in 1986 from Moscow State University. His research interests are in the areas of computer-assisted drug design, computational toxicology, cheminformatics, (nano)materials informatics, and structural bioinformatics. His has authored ∼250 peer-reviewed scientific papers, book chapters, and co-edited two monographs. His research has been supported by multiple grants from the NIH, NSF, EPA, DOD, foundations, and private companies. Funding text 2: The authors wish to thank D. Adalsteinsson and P. Schultz for multiple discussions of the capabilities of DataGraph software used to create the figures, and Kennie Merz for the suggestion to add the analysis of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The authors also acknowledge support from the National Institutes of Health (grant 1U01CA207160 ) and Biomedical Data Translator Initiative of National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (grants OT3TR002020 , OT2R002514 ). References: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999, Control of Infectious Diseases (1999) MMWR, 48, pp. 621-629; Maslow, J.N., The cost and challenge of vaccine development for emerging and emergent infectious diseases (2018) Lancet Glob. Health, 6, pp. e1266-e1267; Thunström, L., The benefits and costs of using social distancing to flatten the curve for COVID-19 (2020) J. Benefit Cost Anal., pp. 1-27; Sands, P., The neglected dimension of global security — a framework for countering infectious-disease crises (2016) N. Engl. J. Med., 374, pp. 1281-1287; Simon, R., Coronavirus social-distancing forces painful choices on small businesses (2020) Wall Street J, (March). , https://www.wsj.com/articles/coronavirus-social-distancing-forces-painful-choices-on-small-businesses-11584277201, (accessed March 23, 2020); Murray, C.J., Forecasting COVID-19 impact on hospital bed-days, ICU-days, ventilator-days and deaths by US state in the next 4 months (2020) MedRxiv, , 2020.03.27.20043752; Rogers, S., What is Google Trends data-and what does it mean? (2016) Medium, , https://medium.com/google-news-lab/what-is-google-trends-data-and-what-does-it-mean-b48f07342ee8, (accessed March 23, 2020); Hub, COVID-19 Likely to Weigh on U.S. Election Turnout, Outcomes (2020), Johns Hopkins University Hub; Anon, Coronavirus will change the world permanently. Here's how (2020) POLITICO, , https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/03/19/coronavirus-effect-economy-life-society-analysis-covid-135579#elections, (accessed March 23, 2020); JHU, COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (2020), Johns Hopkins University; Worldometer, Coronavirus Cases Statistics and Charts (2020), Worldometer; Dong, E., An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20, pp. 533-534; Pueyo, T., Coronavirus: Why You Must Act Now (2020) Medium, , https://medium.com/@tomaspueyo/coronavirus-act-today-or-people-will-die-f4d3d9cd99ca, (accessed March 23, 2020); Wahl-Jorgensen, K., Coronavirus: how media coverage of epidemics often stokes fear and panic (2020) Snopes, , https://www.snopes.com/news/2020/02/14/coronavirus-how-media-coverage-of-epidemics-often-stokes-fear-and-panic/, (accessed March 23, 2020); Brainard, J., Hunter, P.R., Misinformation making a disease outbreak worse: outcomes compared for influenza, monkeypox, and norovirus (2020) Sage, 96, pp. 365-374; Zhang, D.H., In silico screening of Chinese herbal medicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus (2020) J. Integr. Med., 18, pp. 152-158; Ton, A.-T., Rapid identification of potential inhibitors of SARS- CoV-2 main protease by deep docking of 1.3 billion compounds (2020) Mol. Inform., 39, p. 2000028; Ge, Y., A data-driven drug repositioning framework discovered a potential therapeutic agent targeting COVID-19 (2020) BioRxiv, , 2020.03.11.986836; Bobrowski, T., Computational models identify several FDA approved or experimental drugs as putative agents against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) ChemRxiv, , chemrxiv.12153594.v1; Nelson, M.I., Multiple reassortment events in the evolutionary history of H1N1 influenza A virus since 1918 (2008) PLoS Pathog., 4, p. e1000012; Relman, D.A., The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges (2010) Global Solutions: Workshop Summary, , National Academies Press; Weaver, S.C., Zika virus: history, emergence, biology, and prospects for control (2016) Antiviral Res., 130, pp. 69-80; Keusch, G., (2017) Integrating Clinical Research into Epidemic Response: The Ebola Experience, , National Academies Press; Ferner, R.E., Aronson, J.K., Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1432; Duan, Y., Advance of promising targets and agents against COVID-19 in China (2020) Drug Discov. Today, 25, pp. 810-812; Chen, X., Comparative epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia and South Korea (2017) Emerg. Microbes Infect., 6. , e51; Menachery, V.D., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med., 21, pp. 1508-1513; Anon, U.S. Federal Funding for HIV/AIDS: Trends Over Time (2019), Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; HIVGov, A Timeline of HIV and AIDS (2020), HIVGov; AIDSinfo, FDA-Approved HIV Medicines (2018), AIDSinfo; Wang, L., The application of structural optimization strategies in drug design of HIV NNRTIs (2012) Yao Xue Xue Bao, 47, pp. 1409-1422; Kremb, S., EASY-HIT: HIV full-replication technology for broad discovery of multiple classes of HIV inhibitors (2010) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 54, pp. 5257-5268; Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Bromhexine Hydrochloride Tablets Combined With Standard Treatment/ Standard Treatment in Patients With Suspected and Mild Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) (2020), ClinicalTrials.gov; Tan, D., COVID-19 Ring-based Prevention Trial With Lopinavir/Ritonavir (2020), ClinicalTrials.gov; University of Minnesota, Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for SARS-Coronavirus-2 (2020), ClinicalTrials.gov; Quinn, T.C., HIV epidemiology and the effects of antiviral therapy on long-term consequences (2008) AIDS, 22, pp. S7-S12; Holmes, E.C., Rambaut, A., Viral evolution and the emergence of SARS coronavirus (2004) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci., 359, pp. 1059-1065; WHO, ‘Immunity Passports’ in the Context of COVID-19 (2020), WHO; Jin, Z., Structure of Mpro from COVID-19 virus and discovery of its inhibitors (2020) Nature, 582, pp. 289-293; Alimadadi, A., Artificial intelligence and machine learning to fight COVID-19 (2020) Physiol. Genomics, 52, pp. 200-202; Bullock, J., Mapping the landscape of artificial intelligence applications against COVID-19 (2020) ArXiv, , arXiv:2003.11336; Madhav, N., Improving Health and Reducing Poverty (2017), The World Bank; Riechmann, D., Trump disbanded NSC pandemic unit that experts had praised (2020) Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-disbanded-nsc-pandemic-unit-that-experts-had-praised/2020/03/14/aa09132c-65ac-11ea-8a8e-5c5336b32760_story.html, (accessed March 26, 2020); Sun, L., CDC to cut by 80 percent efforts to prevent global disease outbreak (2018) Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2018/02/01/cdc-to-cut-by-80-percent-efforts-to-prevent-global-disease-outbreak/, (accessed March 26, 2020); FDA, Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Smallpox Disease Antimicrobial Division Advisory Committee Meeting (2018), FDA; Anon, READDI: Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative (2020), READDI; Gates, B., Responding to Covid-19 - a once-in-a-century pandemic? (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1677-1679; Thanh, L.T., The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape (2020) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 19, pp. 305-306 PY - 2020 SN - 13596446 (ISSN) SP - 1604-1613 ST - Learning from history: do not flatten the curve of antiviral research! T2 - Drug Discovery Today TI - Learning from history: do not flatten the curve of antiviral research! UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088397961&doi=10.1016%2fj.drudis.2020.07.008&partnerID=40&md5=e846c1ad9444f5f272f4cafc1e0efb00 VL - 25 ID - 395 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This document addresses the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for providers and patients in labor and delivery (L&D). The goals are to provide guidance regarding methods to appropriately screen and test pregnant patients for COVID-19 prior to, and at admission to L&D reduce risk of maternal and neonatal COVID-19 disease through minimizing hospital contact and appropriate isolation; and provide specific guidance for management of L&D of the COVID-19-positive woman, as well as the critically ill COVID-19-positive woman. The first 5 sections deal with L&D issues in general, for all women, during the COVID-19 pandemic. These include Section 1: Appropriate screening, testing, and preparation of pregnant women for COVID-19 before visit and/or admission to L&D Section 2: Screening of patients coming to L&D triage; Section 3: General changes to routine L&D work flow; Section 4: Intrapartum care; Section 5: Postpartum care; Section 6 deals with special care for the COVID-19-positive or suspected pregnant woman in L&D and Section 7 deals with the COVID-19-positive/suspected woman who is critically ill. These are suggestions, which can be adapted to local needs and capabilities. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. AD - Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, United States Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill and UNC Health ,Chapel Hill Department of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy AU - Boelig, R. C. AU - Manuck, T. AU - Oliver, E. A. AU - Di Mascio, D. AU - Saccone, G. AU - Bellussi, F. AU - Berghella, V. C2 - 32518901 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100110 IS - 2 J2 - Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM KW - coronavirus COVID-19 obstetric protocol pandemic critical illness emergency health service epidural anesthesia female hospital discharge human labor labor induction length of stay mass screening obstetric anesthesia obstetric delivery patient isolation postnatal care practice guideline pregnancy pregnancy complication prevention and control procedures protective equipment workflow Anesthesia, Epidural Anesthesia, Obstetrical Delivery, Obstetric Humans Labor, Induced Labor, Obstetric Patient Discharge Personal Protective Equipment Practice Guidelines as Topic Pregnancy Complications, Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Triage LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :45 Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 25899333 (ISSN) SP - 100110 ST - Labor and delivery guidance for COVID-19 T2 - American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM TI - Labor and delivery guidance for COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099998624&doi=10.1016%2fj.ajogmf.2020.100110&partnerID=40&md5=cdce7b1277b32092402d3336696fe0c0 VL - 2 ID - 504 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with derangement in biomarkers of coagulation and endothelial function and has been likened to the coagulopathy of sepsis. However clinical laboratory metrics suggest key differences in these pathologies. We sought to determine whether plasma coagulation and fibrinolytic potential in patients with COVID-19 differ compared with healthy donors and critically ill patients with sepsis. Approach and Results: We performed comparative studies on plasmas from a single-center, cross-sectional observational study of 99 hospitalized patients (46 with COVID-19 and 53 with sepsis) and 18 healthy donors. We measured biomarkers of endogenous coagulation and fibrinolytic activity by immunoassays, thrombin, and plasmin generation potential by fluorescence and fibrin formation and lysis by turbidity. Compared with healthy donors, patients with COVID-19 or sepsis both had elevated fibrinogen, d-dimer, soluble TM (thrombomodulin), and plasmin-antiplasmin complexes. Patients with COVID-19 had increased thrombin generation potential despite prophylactic anticoagulation, whereas patients with sepsis did not. Plasma from patients with COVID-19 also had increased endogenous plasmin potential, whereas patients with sepsis showed delayed plasmin generation. The collective perturbations in plasma thrombin and plasmin generation permitted enhanced fibrin formation in both COVID-19 and sepsis. Unexpectedly, the lag times to thrombin, plasmin, and fibrin formation were prolonged with increased disease severity in COVID-19, suggesting a loss of coagulation-initiating mechanisms accompanies severe COVID-19. Conclusions: Both COVID-19 and sepsis are associated with endogenous activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, but these diseases differently impact plasma procoagulant and fibrinolytic potential. Dysregulation of procoagulant and fibrinolytic pathways may uniquely contribute to the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and sepsis. © 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 8018A Mary Ellen Jones Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, United States Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States Synapse Research Institute, Maastricht, Netherlands PEEL Therapeutics, Inc, Salt Lake City, UT, United States George E. Wahlen VAMC Department of Internal Medicine and GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, United States AU - Bouck, E. G. AU - Denorme, F. AU - Holle, L. A. AU - Middelton, E. A. AU - Blair, A. M. AU - De Laat, B. AU - Schiffman, J. D. AU - Yost, C. C. AU - Rondina, M. T. AU - Wolberg, A. S. AU - Campbell, R. A. C2 - 33196292 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315338 J2 - Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. KW - fibrin fibrinogen fibrinolysis sepsis thrombin biological marker plasmin blood blood clotting blood clotting disorder complication cross-sectional study epidemiology female human male metabolism middle aged pandemic physiology Biomarkers Blood Coagulation Blood Coagulation Disorders COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Fibrinolysin Humans Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ATVBF Correspondence Address: Wolberg, A.S.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 8018A Mary Ellen Jones Bldg, United States; email: alisa_wolberg@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: plasmin, 9001-90-5, 9004-09-5; Biomarkers; Fibrinolysin References: Https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/ Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center; Bikdeli, B., Madhavan, M.V., Jimenez, D., Chuich, T., Dreyfus, I., Driggin, E., Nigoghossian, C., Guo, Y., COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: Implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-the-art review (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol., 75, pp. 2950-2973. , Global COVID-19 Thrombosis Collaborative Group, Endorsed by the ISTH, NATF, ESVM, and the IUA, Supported by the ESC Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function; Carsana, L., Sonzogni, A., Nasr, A., Rossi, R.S., Pellegrinelli, A., Zerbi, P., Rech, R., Corbellino, M., Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: A two-centre descriptive study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis., 20, pp. 1135-1140; Bilaloglu, S., Aphinyanaphongs, Y., Jones, S., Iturrate, E., Hochman, J., Berger, J.S., Thrombosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a New York City health system (2020) JAMA., 324, pp. 799-801; Hanif, A., Khan, S., Mantri, N., Hanif, S., Saleh, M., Alla, Y., Chinta, S., Attwood, K., Thrombotic complications and anticoagulation in COVID-19 pneumonia: A New York City hospital experience (2020) Ann Hematol., 99, pp. 2323-2328; Lax, S.F., Skok, K., Zechner, P., Kessler, H.H., Kaufmann, N., Koelblinger, C., Vander, K., Trauner, M., Pulmonary arterial thrombosis in COVID-19 with fatal outcome: Results from a prospective, single-center, clinicopathologic case series (2020) Ann Intern Med., 173, pp. 350-361; Llitjos, J.F., Leclerc, M., Chochois, C., Monsallier, J.M., Ramakers, M., Auvray, M., Merouani, K., High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1743-1746; Mackman, N., Antoniak, S., Wolberg, A.S., Kasthuri, R., Key, N.S., Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other pandemic viruses (2020) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 40, pp. 2033-2044; Middeldorp, S., Coppens, M., Van Haaps, T.F., Foppen, M., Vlaar, A.P., McA, M., Ccs, B., Heijmans, J., Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1995-2002; Poissy, J., Goutay, J., Caplan, M., Parmentier, E., Duburcq, T., Lassalle, F., Jeanpierre, E., Susen, S., Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: Awareness of an increased prevalence (2020) Circulation., 142, pp. 184-186. , Lille ICU Haemostasis COVID-19 Group; Rapkiewicz, A.V., Mai, X., Carsons, S.E., Pittaluga, S., Kleiner, D.E., Berger, J.S., Thomas, S., Gasmi, B., Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: A case series (2020) EClinicalMedicine., 24, p. 100434; Santoliquido, A., Porfidia, A., Nesci, A., De Matteis, G., Marrone, G., Porceddu, E., Camma, G., Landi, F., Incidence of deep vein thrombosis among non-icu patients hospitalized for COVID-19 despite pharmacological thromboprophylaxis (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 2358-2363. , GEMELLI AGAINST COVID-19 Group; Tian, S., Hu, W., Niu, L., Liu, H., Xu, H., Xiao, S.Y., Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer (2020) J Thorac Oncol., 15, pp. 700-704; Al-Samkari, H., Karp Leaf, R.S., Dzik, W.H., Jct, C., Fogerty, A.E., Waheed, A., Goodarzi, K., Gupta, S., COVID-19 and coagulation: Bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Blood., 136, pp. 489-500; Magro, C., Mulvey, J.J., Berlin, D., Nuovo, G., Salvatore, S., Harp, J., Baxter-Stoltzfus, A., Laurence, J., Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases (2020) Transl Res., 220, pp. 1-13; Blasi, A., Von Meijenfeldt, F.A., Adelmeijer, J., Calvo, A., Ibanez, C., Perdomo, J., Reverter, J.C., Lisman, T., In vitro hypercoagulability and ongoing in vivo activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in covid-19 patients on anticoagulation (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 2646-2653; Escher, R., Breakey, N., Lämmle, B., Severe COVID-19 infection associated with endothelial activation (2020) Thromb Res., 190, p. 62; Goshua, G., Pine, A.B., Meizlish, M.L., Chang, C.H., Zhang, H., Bahel, P., Baluha, A., Burns, A.J., Endotheliopathy in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy: Evidence from a single-centre, cross-sectional study (2020) Lancet Haematol., 7, pp. e575-e582; Helms, J., Tacquard, C., Severac, F., Leonard-Lorant, I., Ohana, M., Delabranche, X., Merdji, H., Fagot Gandet, F., High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multicenter prospective cohort study (2020) Intensive Care Med., 46, pp. 1089-1098. , CRICS TRIGGERSEP Group (Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis Trial Group for Global Evaluation and Research in Sepsis); Herold, T., Jurinovic, V., Arnreich, C., Lipworth, B.J., Hellmuth, J.C., Von Bergwelt-Baildon, M., Klein, M., Weinberger, T., Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol., 146, pp. 128e4-136e4; Manne, B.K., Denorme, F., Middleton, E.A., Portier, I., Rowley, J.W., Stubben, C., Petrey, A.C., Cody, M., Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Blood., 136, pp. 1317-1329; Middleton, E.A., He, X.Y., Denorme, F., Campbell, R.A., Ng, D., Salvatore, S.P., Mostyka, M., Loda, M., Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to immunothrombosis in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Blood., 136, pp. 1169-1179; Nougier, C., Benoit, R., Simon, M., Desmurs-Clavel, H., Marcotte, G., Argaud, L., David, J.S., Dargaud, Y., Hypofibrinolytic state and high thrombin generation may play a major role in SARS-COV2 associated thrombosis (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 2215-2219; Panigada, M., Bottino, N., Tagliabue, P., Grasselli, G., Novembrino, C., Chantarangkul, V., Pesenti, A., Tripodi, A., Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit: A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1738-1742; Lippi, G., Favaloro, E.J., D-dimer is associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019: A pooled analysis (2020) Thromb Haemost., 120, pp. 876-878; Tang, N., Li, D., Wang, X., Sun, Z., Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 844-847; Sun, H., Ringdahl, U., Homeister, J.W., Fay, W.P., Engleberg, N.C., Yang, A.Y., Rozek, L.S., Ginsburg, D., Plasminogen is a critical host pathogenicity factor for group A streptococcal infection (2004) Science., 305, pp. 1283-1286; Sun, H., Wang, X., Degen, J.L., Ginsburg, D., Reduced thrombin generation increases host susceptibility to group A streptococcal infection (2009) Blood., 113, pp. 1358-1364; Kaplan, D., Casper, T.C., Elliott, C.G., Men, S., Pendleton, R.C., Kraiss, L.W., Weyrich, A.S., Rondina, M.T., VTE incidence and risk factors in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock (2015) Chest., 148, pp. 1224-1230; Levy, M.M., Fink, M.P., Marshall, J.C., Abraham, E., Angus, D., Cook, D., Cohen, J., Ramsay, G., 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS international sepsis definitions conference (2003) Intensive Care Med., 29, pp. 530-538. , International Sepsis Definitions Conference; Vahidy, F.S., Nicolas, J.C., Meeks, J.R., Khan, O., Pan, A., Jones, S.L., Masud, F., Andrieni, J.D., Racial and ethnic disparities in SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Analysis of a COVID-19 observational registry for a diverse US metropolitan population (2020) BMJ Open., 10, p. e039849; Taylor, F.B., Jr., Toh, C.H., Hoots, W.K., Wada, H., Levi, M., Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation (2001) Thromb Haemost., 86, pp. 1327-1330. , Scientific Subcommittee on Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH); Wolberg, A.S., Thrombin generation and fibrin clot structure (2007) Blood Rev., 21, pp. 131-142; Hoylaerts, M., Rijken, D.C., Lijnen, H.R., Collen, D., Kinetics of the activation of plasminogen by human tissue plasminogen activator. Role of fibrin (1982) J Biol Chem., 257, pp. 2912-2919; Miszta, A., Kopec, A.K., Pant, A., Holle, L.A., Byrnes, J.R., Lawrence, D.A., Hansen, K.C., De Laat, B., A high-fat diet delays plasmin generation in a thrombomodulin-dependent manner in mice (2020) Blood., 135, pp. 1704-1717; Rondina, M.T., Tatsumi, K., Bastarache, J.A., Mackman, N., Microvesicle tissue factor activity and interleukin-8 levels are associated with mortality in patients with influenza A/H1N1 infection (2016) Crit Care Med., 44, pp. e574-e578; Aras, O., Shet, A., Bach, R.R., Hysjulien, J.L., Slungaard, A., Hebbel, R.P., Escolar, G., Key, N.S., Induction of microparticle-and cell-associated intravascular tissue factor in human endotoxemia (2004) Blood., 103, pp. 4545-4553; Baker, J.V., Huppler Hullsiek, K., Bradford, R.L., Prosser, R., Tracy, R.P., Key, N.S., Circulating levels of tissue factor microparticle procoagulant activity are reduced with antiretroviral therapy and are associated with persistent inflammation and coagulation activation among HIV-positive patients (2013) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr., 63, pp. 367-371; Ogura, H., Kawasaki, T., Tanaka, H., Koh, T., Tanaka, R., Ozeki, Y., Hosotsubo, H., Sugimoto, H., Activated platelets enhance microparticle formation and platelet-leukocyte interaction in severe trauma and sepsis (2001) J Trauma., 50, pp. 801-809; Antoniak, S., Mackman, N., Multiple roles of the coagulation protease cascade during virus infection (2014) Blood., 123, pp. 2605-2613; Carlier, L., Hunault, G., Lerolle, N., Macchi, L., Ex vivo thrombin generation patterns in septic patients with and without disseminated intravascular coagulation (2015) Thromb Res., 135, pp. 192-197; Fcf, S., Manolov, V., Morgenstern, J., Fleming, T., Heitmeier, S., Uhle, F., Al-Saeedi, M., Schöchl, H., Acute fibrinolysis shutdown occurs early in septic shock and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality: Results of an observational pilot study (2019) Ann Intensive Care., 9, p. 19; Zermatten, M.G., Gomez, F.J., Pantet, O., Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, M., Hugli, O., Bart, P.A., Aliotta, A., Mazzolai, L., Thrombin generation in severe COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the ICU [abstract] (2020) Res Pract Thromb Haemost., 4. , https://abstracts.isth.org/abstract/thrombingeneration-in-severe-covid-19-patients-hospitalized-in-the-icu/, The COVID-19 Interdisciplinary Collaboration; Machlus, K.R., Cardenas, J.C., Church, F.C., Wolberg, A.S., Causal relation ship between hyperfibrinogenemia, thrombosis, and resistance to thrombolysis in mice (2011) Blood., 117, pp. 4953-4963; Gould, T.J., Vu, T.T., Stafford, A.R., Dwivedi, D.J., Kim, P.Y., Fox-Robichaud, A.E., Weitz, J.I., Liaw, P.C., Cell-free DNA modulates clot structure and impairs fibrinolysis in sepsis (2015) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 35, pp. 2544-2553; Guo, X., Liu, Y., Li, D., Li, Y., Plasma thrombomodulin levels are associated with endothelial injury in patients with bacterial infections (2019) Clin Lab., 65; Harenberg, J., Favaloro, E., COVID-19: Progression of disease and intravascular coagulation-present status and future perspectives (2020) Clin Chem Lab Med., 58, pp. 1029-1036; Hardy, M., Douxfils, J., Bareille, M., Lessire, S., Gouin-Thibault, I., Fontana, P., Lecompte, T., Mullier, F., Studies on hemostasis in COVID-19 deserve careful reporting of the laboratory methods, their significance and their limitations [published online August 13, 2020] J Thromb Haemost PY - 2020 SN - 10795642 (ISSN) SP - 401-414 ST - COVID-19 and Sepsis Are Associated with Different Abnormalities in Plasma Procoagulant and Fibrinolytic Activity T2 - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology TI - COVID-19 and Sepsis Are Associated with Different Abnormalities in Plasma Procoagulant and Fibrinolytic Activity UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098133303&doi=10.1161%2fATVBAHA.120.315338&partnerID=40&md5=e3fa110861a630d083800c5fa6759e9a ID - 534 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We leveraged the largely untapped resource of electronic health record data to address critical clinical and epidemiological questions about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To do this, we formed an international consortium (4CE) of 96 hospitals across five countries (www.covidclinical.net). Contributors utilized the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) or Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) platforms to map to a common data model. The group focused on temporal changes in key laboratory test values. Harmonized data were analyzed locally and converted to a shared aggregate form for rapid analysis and visualization of regional differences and global commonalities. Data covered 27,584 COVID-19 cases with 187,802 laboratory tests. Case counts and laboratory trajectories were concordant with existing literature. Laboratory tests at the time of diagnosis showed hospital-level differences equivalent to country-level variation across the consortium partners. Despite the limitations of decentralized data generation, we established a framework to capture the trajectory of COVID-19 disease in patients and their response to interventions. © 2020, The Author(s). AD - Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States IRCCS ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy UAB Informatics Institute, Birmingham, AL, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Informatics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Scientific Direction, IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy BIOMERIS (BIOMedical Research Informatics Solutions), Pavia, Italy Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France UOC Ricerca, Innovazione e Brand Reputation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy Department of Medical Informatics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Center for Medical Information and Communication Technology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore Department of Oncology, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy Penn Medicine, Data Analytics Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences (NC TraCS) Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States WIND Department APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France Department of Biomedical Informatics, HEGP, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France Clinical Research Unit, Saint Antoine Hospital, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France Strategy and Transformation Department, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France Heinrich-Lanz-Center for Digital Health, University Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany INRIA Sophia-Antipolis—ZENITH Team, LIRMM, Montpellier, France Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany Clinical Research Unit, Paris Saclay, APHP Greater Paris University Hospital, Paris, France SED/SIERRA, Inria Centre de Paris, Paris, France Université Paris-Saclay, Inria, CEA, Paris, France Clevy.io, Paris, France SequeL, Inria Lille, Paris, France ENS, PSL University, Paris, France Institute of Digitalization in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy Brenner Children’s Hospital, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States AU - Brat, G. A. AU - Weber, G. M. AU - Gehlenborg, N. AU - Avillach, P. AU - Palmer, N. P. AU - Chiovato, L. AU - Cimino, J. AU - Waitman, L. R. AU - Omenn, G. S. AU - Malovini, A. AU - Moore, J. H. AU - Beaulieu-Jones, B. K. AU - Tibollo, V. AU - Murphy, S. N. AU - Yi, S. L. AU - Keller, M. S. AU - Bellazzi, R. AU - Hanauer, D. A. AU - Serret-Larmande, A. AU - Gutierrez-Sacristan, A. AU - Holmes, J. J. AU - Bell, D. S. AU - Mandl, K. D. AU - Follett, R. W. AU - Klann, J. G. AU - Murad, D. A. AU - Scudeller, L. AU - Bucalo, M. AU - Kirchoff, K. AU - Craig, J. AU - Obeid, J. AU - Jouhet, V. AU - Griffier, R. AU - Cossin, S. AU - Moal, B. AU - Patel, L. P. AU - Bellasi, A. AU - Prokosch, H. U. AU - Kraska, D. AU - Sliz, P. AU - Tan, A. L. M. AU - Ngiam, K. Y. AU - Zambelli, A. AU - Mowery, D. L. AU - Schiver, E. AU - Devkota, B. AU - Bradford, R. L. AU - Daniar, M. AU - Daniel, C. AU - Benoit, V. AU - Bey, R. AU - Paris, N. AU - Serre, P. AU - Orlova, N. AU - Dubiel, J. AU - Hilka, M. AU - Jannot, A. S. AU - Breant, S. AU - Leblanc, J. AU - Griffon, N. AU - Burgun, A. AU - Bernaux, M. AU - Sandrin, A. AU - Salamanca, E. AU - Cormont, S. AU - Ganslandt, T. AU - Gradinger, T. AU - Champ, J. AU - Boeker, M. AU - Martel, P. AU - Esteve, L. AU - Gramfort, A. AU - Grisel, O. AU - Leprovost, D. AU - Moreau, T. AU - Varoquaux, G. AU - Vie, J. J. AU - Wassermann, D. AU - Mensch, A. AU - Caucheteux, C. AU - Haverkamp, C. AU - Lemaitre, G. AU - Bosari, S. AU - Krantz, I. D. AU - South, A. AU - Cai, T. AU - Kohane, I. S. C7 - 109 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41746-020-00308-0 IS - 1 J2 - npj Digit. Med. KW - alanine aminotransferase aspartate aminotransferase bilirubin C reactive protein creatinine D dimer lactate dehydrogenase procalcitonin acute kidney failure adolescent adult aged Article bilirubin blood level child coronavirus disease 2019 disease course electronic health record female France Germany hospital human infant Italy laboratory test leukocyte count major clinical study male priority journal Singapore very elderly LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Cai, T.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, United States; email: tcai@hsph.harvard.edu Correspondence Address: Kohane, I.S.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, United States; email: Isaac_Kohane@harvard.edu Chemicals/CAS: alanine aminotransferase, 9000-86-6, 9014-30-6; aspartate aminotransferase, 9000-97-9; bilirubin, 18422-02-1, 635-65-4; C reactive protein, 9007-41-4; creatinine, 19230-81-0, 60-27-5; lactate dehydrogenase, 9001-60-9; lactate dehydrogenase A; procalcitonin, 56645-65-9 References: Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with coronavirus disease 2019—United States, February 12−March 28, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 69, pp. 382-386; Gupta, A.H., Does Covid-19 hit women and men differently? U.S. isn’t keeping track (2020) The New York Times (April, p. 3; Bonow, R.O., Fonarow, G.C., O’Gara, P.T., Yancy, C.W., JAMA Cardiol., , https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1105; Ahmadpoor, P., Rostaing, L., Why the immune system fails to mount an adaptive immune response to a Covid-19 infection Transpl. Int., , https://doi.org/10.1111/tri.13611 (2020); Thachil, J., The versatile heparin in COVID-19 J. Thromb. Haemost., , https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14821 (2020); Jin, M., Tong, Q., Rhabdomyolysis as potential late complication associated with COVID-19 (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26, pp. 1618-1620; Zhang, C., Shi, L., Wang, F.S., Liver injury in COVID-19: Management and challenges Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30057-1 (2020); Pan, X.W., Identification of a potential mechanism of acute kidney injury during the COVID-19 outbreak: A study based on single-cell transcriptome analysis (2020) Intensive Care Med, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06026-1; Lippi, G., Plebani, M., Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis (2020) Clin. Chim. Acta, 505, pp. 190-191. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXlt1eisrs%3D; Murphy, S.N., Serving the enterprise and beyond with informatics for integrating biology and the bedside (i2b2) (2010) J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., 17, pp. 124-130; Gutierrez-Sacristan, A., Rcupcake: an R package for querying and analyzing biomedical data through the BD2K PIC-SURE RESTful API (2018) Bioinformatics, 34, pp. 1431-1432. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXitlGrsrjK; Mandl, K.D., The Genomics Research and Innovation Network: creating an interoperable, federated, genomics learning system (2020) Genet. Med., 22, pp. 371-380. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhs12rtLjO; Mandl, K.D., Scalable collaborative infrastructure for a learning healthcare system (SCILHS): architecture (2014) J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., 21, pp. 615-620; McMurry, A.J., SHRINE: enabling nationally scalable multi-site disease studies (2013) PLoS ONE, 8. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXktlyjurk%3D; Weber, G.M., The Shared Health Research Information Network (SHRINE): a prototype federated query tool for clinical data repositories (2009) J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., 16, pp. 624-630; Visweswaran, S., Accrual to Clinical Trials (ACT): a clinical and translational science award consortium network (2018) JAMIA Open, 1, pp. 147-152; Kohane, I.S., Churchill, S.E., Murphy, S.N., A translational engine at the national scale: informatics for integrating biology and the bedside (2012) J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., 19, pp. 181-185; Onder, G., Rezza, G., Brusaferro, S., Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy JAMA., , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4683 (2020); Dong, E., Du, H., Gardner, L., An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time Lancet Infect. Dis., , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1 (2020); Wynants, L., Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19 infection: systematic review and critical appraisal (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1328; Lippi, G., Plebani, M., Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection (2020) Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. (CCLM), 58, pp. 1131-1134. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFKjs7zO; Gamache, R.E., Dixon, B.E., Grannis, S., Vreeman, D.J., Impact of selective mapping strategies on automated laboratory result notification to public health authorities (2012) AMIA Annu. Symp. Proc., 2012, pp. 228-236. , PID: 23304292; Dixon, B.E., Hook, J., Vreeman, D.J., Learning from the crowd in terminology mapping: the LOINC experience (2015) Lab. Med., 46, pp. 168-174; Khan, A.N., Standardizing laboratory data by mapping to LOINC (2006) J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., 13, pp. 353-355; Wu, J., Finnell, J.T., Vreeman, D.J., Evaluating congruence between laboratory LOINC value sets for quality measures, public health reporting, and mapping common tests (2013) AMIA Annu. Symp. Proc., 2013, pp. 1525-1532. , PID: 24551424; Shah, M.R., Early vision for the CTSA Program Trial Innovation Network: a perspective from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (2017) Clin. Transl. Sci., 10, pp. 311-313. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC1czktVWmug%3D%3D; Fleurence, R.L., Launching PCORnet, a national patient-centered clinical research network (2014) J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., 21, pp. 578-582; Semler, S.C., Wissing, F., Heyder, R., German medical informatics initiative (2018) Methods Inf. Med., 57, pp. e50-e56; Robinson, P.C., Yazdany, J., The COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance: collecting data in a pandemic Nat. Rev. Rheumatol., , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-020-0418-0 (2020); (2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov, COVID-19, World Health Organization; Bodenreider, O., Cornet, R., Vreeman, D.J., Recent developments in clinical terminologies—SNOMED CT, LOINC, and RxNorm (2018) Yearb. Med. Inform., 27, pp. 129-139; I2b2: Informatics for Integrating Biology & the Bedside, , https://www.i2b2.org/, orld Health Organization, 2020); Consortium, C.T.S.A.A.C.T., ; Bodenreider, O., The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS): integrating biomedical terminology (2004) Nucleic Acids Res., 32, pp. D267-D270. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtVSrurvM PY - 2020 SN - 23986352 (ISSN) ST - International electronic health record-derived COVID-19 clinical course profiles: the 4CE consortium T2 - npj Digital Medicine TI - International electronic health record-derived COVID-19 clinical course profiles: the 4CE consortium UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089557407&doi=10.1038%2fs41746-020-00308-0&partnerID=40&md5=cdf7c1a791e588caf4d267271077d407 VL - 3 ID - 277 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States The Henry D Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States AU - Brenner, E. J. AU - Ungaro, R. C. AU - Colombel, J. F. AU - Kappelman, M. D. C2 - 32941833 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30269-7 IS - 10 J2 - Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. KW - biological product corticosteroid tumor necrosis factor inhibitor awareness clinical decision making clinical outcome clinician coronavirus disease 2019 data analysis electronic medical record gastroenterology human immunosuppressive treatment inflammatory bowel disease international cooperation intersectoral collaboration Letter pandemic priority journal register social media Betacoronavirus comorbidity Coronavirus infection disease management procedures virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Immunosuppression Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Funding details: Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust Funding text 1: EJB and RCU contributed equally to this Correspondence. SECURE-IBD was funded by the Helmsley Charitable Trust (2003-04445), CTSA grant number UL1TR002489, T32DK007634 (EJB), and K23KD111995-01A1 (RCU). Additional funding was provided by Pfizer, Takeda, Janssen, AbbVie, Lilly, Genentech, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, and Arena Pharmaceuticals. RCU is supported by an NIH K23 Career Development Award (K23KD111995-01A1); has served as an advisory board member or consultant for Eli Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, and Takeda; and has received research support from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Pfizer. J-FC reports receiving research grants from AbbVie, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and Takeda; payment for lectures from AbbVie, Amgen, Allergan, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Shire, and Takeda; consulting fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene Corporation, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Enterome, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Genentech, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Landos, Ipsen, Medimmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Shire, Takeda, TiGenix, and Viela Bio; and holds stock options in Intestinal Biotech Development and Genfit. MDK has consulted for AbbVie, Janssen, and Takeda; is a shareholder in Johnson & Johnson; and has received research support from AbbVie and Janssen. EJB declares no competing interests. References: Our partners covidibd.org/our-partners, (Accessed 17 August 2020); SECURE-EoE/EGID registry (2020), https://eureos.online/newsreader-2102/secure-eoe-egid-registry.html, (Accessed 17 August 2020); Gianfrancesco, M., Hyrich, K.L., Al-Adely, S., Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry (2020) Ann Rheum Dis, 79, p. 859; Brenner, E.J., Ungaro, R.C., Gearry, R.B., Corticosteroids, but not TNF antagonists, are associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: results from an international registry (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 481-491 PY - 2020 SN - 24681253 (ISSN) SP - 887-888 ST - IBD in the COVID-19 era: the value of international collaboration T2 - The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology TI - IBD in the COVID-19 era: the value of international collaboration UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090577846&doi=10.1016%2fS2468-1253%2820%2930269-7&partnerID=40&md5=32ef60be7d483af47455521c508d7c81 VL - 5 ID - 346 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background and Aims: The impact of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown. We sought to characterize the clinical course of COVID-19 among patients with IBD and evaluate the association among demographics, clinical characteristics, and immunosuppressant treatments on COVID-19 outcomes. Methods: Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SECURE-IBD) is a large, international registry created to monitor outcomes of patients with IBD with confirmed COVID-19. We calculated age-standardized mortality ratios and used multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with severe COVID-19, defined as intensive care unit admission, ventilator use, and/or death. Results: 525 cases from 33 countries were reported (median age 43 years, 53% men). Thirty-seven patients (7%) had severe COVID-19, 161 (31%) were hospitalized, and 16 patients died (3% case fatality rate). Standardized mortality ratios for patients with IBD were 1.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9–2.6), 1.5 (95% CI, 0.7–2.2), and 1.7 (95% CI, 0.9–2.5) relative to data from China, Italy, and the United States, respectively. Risk factors for severe COVID-19 among patients with IBD included increasing age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.02), ≥2 comorbidities (aOR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.8), systemic corticosteroids (aOR, 6.9; 95% CI, 2.3–20.5), and sulfasalazine or 5-aminosalicylate use (aOR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3–7.7). Tumor necrosis factor antagonist treatment was not associated with severe COVID-19 (aOR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.4–2.2). Conclusions: Increasing age, comorbidities, and corticosteroids are associated with severe COVID-19 among patients with IBD, although a causal relationship cannot be definitively established. Notably, tumor necrosis factor antagonists do not appear to be associated with severe COVID-19. © 2020 AGA Institute AD - University of North Carolina Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, United States The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States University of Otago Department of Medicine, Christchurch, New Zealand University of Calgary, Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Calgary, AB, Canada Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, United States The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China Department of Gastroenterology, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur 5530 Yvoir, Belgium Medical University of Vienna, Department Internal Medicine III, Division Gastroenterology & HepatologyVienna, Austria Université de Paris, France Assistance-Publique- Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Service de Gastroentérologie pédiatrique, Paris, France Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil University of North Carolina, Department of Gastroenterology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Brenner, E. J. AU - Ungaro, R. C. AU - Gearry, R. B. AU - Kaplan, G. G. AU - Kissous-Hunt, M. AU - Lewis, J. D. AU - Ng, S. C. AU - Rahier, J. F. AU - Reinisch, W. AU - Ruemmele, F. M. AU - Steinwurz, F. AU - Underwood, F. E. AU - Zhang, X. AU - Colombel, J. F. AU - Kappelman, M. D. C2 - 32425234 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.032 IS - 2 J2 - Gastroenterology KW - COVID-19 Crohn's Disease Inflammatory Bowel Disease Ulcerative Colitis azathioprine budesonide chloroquine corticosteroid hydroxychloroquine immunologic agent integrin inhibitor interleukin 12 inhibitor interleukin 23 inhibitor Janus kinase inhibitor lopinavir plus ritonavir mercaptopurine mesalazine methotrexate oseltamivir protein inhibitor remdesivir salazosulfapyridine steroid tocilizumab tumor necrosis factor inhibitor unclassified drug immunosuppressive agent adolescent adult adverse outcome age aged Article artificial ventilation child China cohort analysis combination drug therapy comorbidity coronavirus disease 2019 Crohn disease disease registry disease severity female fetus hospital admission human infant infection risk intensive care unit Italy major clinical study male monotherapy newborn priority journal standardized mortality ratio treatment outcome United States very elderly Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection health survey hospitalization intensive care middle aged mortality odds ratio pandemic register risk factor virology virus pneumonia Adrenal Cortex Hormones Coronavirus Infections Critical Care Humans Immunosuppressive Agents Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Population Surveillance Registries Respiration, Artificial Risk Factors Sulfasalazine Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :156 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: GASTA Correspondence Address: Brenner, E.J.; University of North Carolina Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, 333 S. Columbia Street, 247 MacNider Hall, CB# 7229, United States; email: Erica.Brenner@unchealth.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Ungaro, R.C.; The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, 17 E 102nd St 5th Floor, United States; email: Ryan.ungaro@mssm.edu Chemicals/CAS: azathioprine, 446-86-6; budesonide, 51333-22-3, 51372-29-3; chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; mercaptopurine, 31441-78-8, 50-44-2, 6112-76-1; mesalazine, 89-57-6; methotrexate, 15475-56-6, 59-05-2, 7413-34-5; oseltamivir, 196618-13-0, 204255-09-4, 204255-11-8; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; salazosulfapyridine, 599-79-1; tocilizumab, 375823-41-9; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Immunosuppressive Agents; Sulfasalazine; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, K23KD111995–01A1 Funding details: Boehringer Ingelheim, BI Funding details: Amgen Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: Gilead Sciences Funding details: Celgene Funding details: AbbVie Funding details: Meso Scale Diagnostics, MSD Funding details: Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., TPUSA Funding details: Janssen Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Nestlé Health Science Funding details: Nestlé Nutrition Institute, NNI Funding text 1: Conflict of Interest These authors disclose the following: Ryan C. Ungaro: Supported by an NIH K23 Career Development Award (K23KD111995–01A1); has served as an advisory board member or consultant for Eli Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, and Takeda; research support from AbbVie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Pfizer. Richard B. Gearry: Speaker fees and Scientific Advisory Boards for AbbVie and Janssen. Gilaad G. Kaplan: Received honoraria for speaking or consultancy from AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, and Takeda. He has received research support from Ferring, Janssen, Abbvie, GlaxoSmith Kline, Merck, and Shire. He shares ownership of a patent: TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, AND PBC. UTI Limited Partnership, assignee. Patent WO2019046959A1. PCT/CA2018/051098. 7 Sept. 2018. Michele Kissous-Hunt: Speaker/consultant for AbbVie, Janssesn, Takeda. James Lewis: Personal fees from Johnson & Johnson Consumer Inc, grants, personal fees and other from Takeda Pharmaceuticals, personal fees and nonfinancial support from AbbVie, grants and personal fees from Janssen Pharmaceuticals, personal fees from Eli Lilly and Company, personal fees from Samsung Bioepis, personal fees from UCB, personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, grants and personal fees from Nestle Health Science, personal fees from Bridge Biotherapeutics, personal fees from Celgene, personal fees from Merck, personal fees and other from Pfizer, personal fees from Gilead, personal fees from Arena Parmaceuticals, personal fees from Protagonist Therapeutics, outside the submitted work. Siew C. Ng: Received honoraria for speaking or consultancy from AbbVie, Janssen, Ferring, Tillotts and Takeda. She has received research support from Ferring and AbbVie. Jean-Francois Rahier: Received lecture fees from AbbVie, MSD, Takeda, Pfizer, Ferring, and Falk, consulting fees from AbbVie, Takeda, Hospira, Mundipharma, MSD, Pfizer, GlaxoSK, and Amgen, and research support from Takeda and AbbVie. Walter Reinisch: Served as a speaker for Abbott Laboratories, AbbVie, Aesca, Aptalis, Astellas, Centocor, Celltrion, Danone Austria, Elan, Falk Pharma GmbH, Ferring, Immundiagnostik, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, PLS Education, Schering-Plough, Shire, Takeda, Therakos, Vifor, Yakult. He has been a consultant for Abbott Laboratories, Abbvie, Aesca, Algernon, Amgen, AM Pharma, AMT, AOP Orphan, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Avaxia, Roland Berger GmbH, Bioclinica, Biogen IDEC, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cellerix, Chemocentryx, Celgene, Centocor, Celltrion, Covance, Danone Austria, DSM, Elan, Eli Lilly, Ernest & Young, Falk Pharma GmbH, Ferring, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead, Grünenthal, ICON, Index Pharma, Inova, Intrinsic Imaging, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, LivaNova, Mallinckrodt, Medahead, MedImmune, Millenium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Nash Pharmaceuticals, Nestle, Nippon Kayaku, Novartis, Ocera, OMass, Otsuka, Parexel, PDL, Periconsulting, Pharmacosmos, Philip Morris Institute, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus, Protagonist, Provention, Robarts Clinical Trial, Sandoz, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, Seres Therapeutics, Setpointmedical, Sigmoid, Sublimity, Takeda, Therakos, Theravance, Tigenix, UCB, Vifor, Zealand, Zyngenia, and 4SC. He has been an advisory board member for Abbott Laboratories, AbbVie, Aesca, Amgen, AM Pharma, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Avaxia, Biogen IDEC, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cellerix, Chemocentryx, Celgene, Centocor, Celltrion, Danone Austria, DSM, Elan, Ferring, Galapagos, Genentech, Grünenthal, Inova, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Lipid Therapeutics, MedImmune, Millenium, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, MSD, Nestle, Novartis, Ocera, Otsuka, PDL, Pharmacosmos, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Prometheus, Sandoz, Schering-Plough, Second Genome, Setpointmedical, Takeda, Therakos, Tigenix, UCB, Zealand, Zyngenia, and 4SC. He has received research funding from Abbott La oratories, Abbvie, Aesca, Centocor, Falk Pharma GmbH, Immundiagnsotik, and MSD. Frank Ruemmele: Received consultation fee, research grant, or honorarium from Janssen, Pfizer, AbbVie, Takeda, Celgene, Nestlé Health Science, Nestlé Nutrition Institute. Flavio Steinwurz: Speaker and consultant for AbbVie, Eurofarma, Ferring, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, and UCB. Jean-Frederic Colombel: Research grants from AbbVie, Janssen Pharmaceuticals and Takeda; receiving payment for lectures from AbbVie, Amgen, Allergan, Inc. Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Shire, and Takeda; receiving consulting fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Celgene Corporation, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Enterome, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Genentech, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Landos, Ipsen, Medimmune, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Shire, Takeda, Tigenix, Viela bio; and hold stock options in Intestinal Biotech Development, and Genfit. Michael D. Kappelman: Consulted for AbbVie, Janssen, and Takeda, is a shareholder in Johnson & Johnson, and has received research support from AbbVie and Janssen. The remaining authors disclose no conflicts. Funding text 2: Funding This work was funded by CTSA grant number UL1TR002489 and K23KD111995–01A1 (to Ryan C. Ungaro). The study sponsor ( National Institutes of Health ) had no role in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. References: Morens, D.M., Daszak, P., Taubenberger, J.K., Escaping Pandora's box - another novel coronavirus (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1293-1295; Onder, G., Rezza, G., Brusaferro, S., Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy [published online ahead of print March 23, 2020]. JAMA ; Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and important lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [published online ahead of print February 24, 2020]. JAMA ; Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 - United States, February 12-March 28, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 382-386; Ng, S.C., Shi, H.Y., Hamidi, N., Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies (2018) Lancet, 390, pp. 2769-2778; Torres, J., Mehandru, S., Colombel, J.F., Crohn's disease (2017) Lancet, 389, pp. 1741-1755; Ungaro, R., Mehandru, S., Allen, P.B., Ulcerative colitis (2017) Lancet, 389, pp. 1756-1770; Lichtenstein, G.R., Loftus, E.V., Isaacs, K.L., ACG clinical guideline: management of Crohn's disease in adults (2018) Am J Gastroenterol, 113, pp. 481-517; Matsuoka, K., Kobayashi, T., Ueno, F., Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for inflammatory bowel disease (2018) J Gastroenterol, 53, pp. 305-353; Rahier, J.F., Magro, F., Abreu, C., Second European evidence-based consensus on the prevention, diagnosis and management of opportunistic infections in inflammatory bowel disease (2014) J Crohns Colitis, 8, pp. 443-468; Ananthakrishnan, A.N., McGinley, E.L., Infection-related hospitalizations are associated with increased mortality in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (2013) J Crohns Colitis, 7, pp. 107-112; Kirchgesner, J., Lemaitre, M., Carrat, F., Risk of serious and opportunistic infections associated with treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (2018) Gastroenterology, 155, pp. 337-346.e10; Long, M.D., Martin, C., Sandler, R.S., Increased risk of pneumonia among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (2013) Am J Gastroenterol, 108, pp. 240-248; Ma, C., Lee, J.K., Mitra, A.R., Systematic review with meta-analysis: efficacy and safety of oral Janus kinase inhibitors for inflammatory bowel disease (2019) Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 50, pp. 5-23; Tinsley, A., Williams, E., Liu, G., The incidence of influenza and influenza-related complications in inflammatory bowel disease patients across the United States: 1833 (2013) Am J Gastroenterol, p. 108; Michot, J.M., Albies, L., Chaput, N., Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 receptor antibody, to treat Covid-19-related respiratory failure: a case report (2020) Ann Oncol, 31, pp. 961-964; Zhang, X., Song, K., Tong, F., First case of COVID-19 in a patient with multiple myeloma successfully treated with tocilizumab (2020) Blood Advances, 4, pp. 1307-1310; Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Clinical characteristics of Coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1708-1720; Liang, W., Guan, W., Chen, R., Wang, W., Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, pp. 335-337; Mazza, S., Sorce, A., Peyvandi, F., A fatal case of COVID-19 pneumonia occurring in a patient with severe acute ulcerative colitis (2020) Gut, 69, pp. 1148-1149; Jenks, G., The data model concept in statistical mapping (1967) Int Yearb Carto, 7, pp. 186-190; Turner, D., Huang, Y., Martín-de-Carpi, J., COVID-19 and paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: global experience and provisional guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN (2020) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 70, pp. 727-733; [The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China] (2020) Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 41, pp. 145-151; Coronavirus Disease 2019 Cases in U.S https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html, Available at: Published April 16, 2020. Accessed April 17, 2020; Provisional Death Counts for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/COVID19/, Available at: Published April 17, 2020. Accessed April 17, 2020; Russell, C.D., Millar, J.E., Baillie, J.K., Clinical evidence does not support corticosteroid treatment for 2019-nCoV lung injury (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 473-475; Feldmann, M., Maini, R.N., Woody, J.N., Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1407-1409 PY - 2020 SN - 00165085 (ISSN) SP - 481-491.e3 ST - Corticosteroids, But Not TNF Antagonists, Are Associated With Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results From an International Registry T2 - Gastroenterology TI - Corticosteroids, But Not TNF Antagonists, Are Associated With Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Results From an International Registry UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086564179&doi=10.1053%2fj.gastro.2020.05.032&partnerID=40&md5=8d5101272903bc64c8dc1fe51f757e18 VL - 159 ID - 431 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Populations disproportionately affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are also at higher risk for oral diseases and experience oral health and oral health care disparities at higher rates. COVID-19 has led to closure and reduced hours of dental practices except for emergency and urgent services, limiting routine care and prevention. Dental care includes aerosol-generating procedures that can increase viral transmission. The pandemic offers an opportunity for the dental profession to shift more toward nonaerosolizing, prevention-centric approaches to care and away from surgical interventions. Regulatory barrier changes to oral health care access during the pandemic could have a favorable impact if sustained into the future. © Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). AD - North Carolina Oral Health Collaborative, Foundation for Health Leadership and Innovation, Cary, NC, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Adams School of Dentistry and Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Brian, Z. AU - Weintraub, J. A. C2 - 32790606 C7 - 266 DB - Scopus DO - 10.5888/PCD17.200266 J2 - Prev. Chronic Dis. KW - Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection global health health human hygiene pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Oral Health Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Brian, Z.; North Carolina Oral Health Collaborative, 2401 Weston Parkway, Suite 203, United States; email: zachary.brian@foundationhli.org Funding details: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Funding text 1: The authors received no financial support for this work. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. No borrowed material, copyrighted surveys, instruments, or tools were used for this article. References: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019?gclid=EAIaIQobChMImpGHv7Do6QIVTLLICh2QdgaOEAAYASAAEgKT-PD_BwE, Accessed May 28, 2020; Bahl, P., Doolan, C., de Silva, C., Chughtai, A.A., Bourouiba, L., MacIntyre, C.R., Airborne or droplet precautions for health workers treating COVID-19? (2020) J Infect Dis; ADA recommending dentists postpone elective procedures, , https://www.ada.org/en/publications/ada-news/2020-archive/march/ada-recommending-dentists-postpone-elective-procedures, Accessed May 28, 2020; HPI poll examines impact of COVID-19 on dental practices, , https://stage.ada.org/en/publications/ada-news/2020-archive/april/hpi-poll-examines-impact-of-covid-19-on-dental-practices?_ga=2.60007597.1221223386.1587062986-9041569.1523984324, Accessed July 1, 2020; As some states consider reopening, ADA offers PPE guidance to dentists, , https://www.ada.org/en/press-room/news-releases/2020-archives/april/postponement-statement, Accessed May 28, 2020; Oral health in America: A report of the Surgeon General, , https://www.nidcr.nih.gov/sites/default/files/2017-10/hck1ocv.%40www.surgeon.fullrpt.pdf, Accessed June 30, 2020; Jepsen, S., Blanco, J., Buchalla, W., Carvalho, J.C., Dietrich, T., Dörfer, C., Prevention and control of dental caries and periodontal diseases at individual and population level: Consensus report of group 3 of joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases (2017) J Clin Periodontal, 44, pp. S85-S93; Kaye, E.A., Sohn, W., Garcia, R.I., The Healthy Eating Index and coronal dental caries in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014 (2020) J Am Dent Assoc, 151 (2), pp. 78-86; Eke, P.I., Thornton-Evans, G.O., Wei, L., Borgnakke, W.S., Dye, B.A., Genco, R.J., Periodontitis in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2014 (2018) J Am Dent Assoc, 149 (7), pp. 576-588 and e6; COVIDView: A weekly surveillance summary of US COVID-19 activity, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/covidview/index.html, Accessed June 28, 2020; Oral health surveillance report 2019. Table 26: Percentage of dentate adults aged 20-64 with untreated tooth decay in permanent teeth, , https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/publications/OHSR2019-table-26.html, Accessed June 4, 2020; (2019) Health, United States. Spotlight: Racial and ethnic disparities in heart disease, , https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/spotlight/HeartDiseaseSpotlight_2019_0404.pdf, Accessed June 4, 2020; Watt, R.G., Sheiham, A., Integrating the common risk factor approach into a social determinants framework (2012) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 40 (4), pp. 289-296; Improving access to oral health care for vulnerable and underserved populations, , https://www.hrsa.gov/sites/default/files/publichealth/clinical/oralhealth/improvingaccess.pdf, Accessed May 28, 2020; Disparities in oral health, , https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/oral_health_disparities/index.htm, Accessed May 28, 2020; COVID-19 in racial and ethnic minority groups, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/racial-ethnic-minorities.html, Accessed July 1, 2020; People of any age with underlying medical conditions, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fgroups-at-higher-risk.html, Accessed July 1, 2020; Winning, L., Linden, G.J., Periodontitis and systemic disease: Association or causality? (2017) Curr Oral Health Rep, 4 (1), pp. 1-7; Liu, W., Cao, Y., Dong, L., Zhu, Y., Wu, Y., Lv, Z., Periodontal therapy for primary or secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in people with periodontitis (2019) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 12 (12); Pfefferbaum, B., North, C.S., Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) N Engl J Med; Kisely, S., No mental health without oral health (2016) Can J Psychiatry, 61 (5), pp. 277-282; Atchison, K.A., Rozier, R.G., Weintraub, J.A., (2018) Integration of oral health and primary care: Communication, coordination, and referral. Discussion paper, , https://nam.edu/integration-of-oral-health-and-primary-care-communication-coordination-and-referral/, Washington (DC): National Academy of Medicine. Accessed July 26, 2020; Guidance for dental settings, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/dental-settings.html, Accessed May 28, 2020; Bersell, C.H., Access to oral health care: A national crisis and call to reform (2017) J Dent Hyg, 91 (1), pp. 6-14; Wong, L.E., Hawkins, J.E., Langness, S., Murrell, K.L., Iris, P., Sammann, A., Where are all the patients? Addressing COVID-19 fear to encourage sick patients to seek emergency care (2020) N Engl J Med Catalyst, , https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/CAT.20.0231; School dental-sealant programs could prevent most cavities, lower treatment costs in vulnerable children, , https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2016/p1018-dental-sealants.html, Accessed July 20, 2020; Griffin, S.O., Wei, L., Gooch, B.F., Weno, K., Espinoza, L., Vital signs: Dental sealant use and untreated tooth decay among U.S. school-aged children (2016) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 65 (41), pp. 1141-1145; Northridge, M.E., Kumar, A., Kaur, R., Disparities in access to oral health care (2020) Annu Rev Public Health, 41 (1), pp. 513-535; Kohn, W.G., Collins, A.S., Cleveland, J.L., Harte, J.A., Eklund, K.J., Malvitz, D.M., Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings-2003 (2003) MMWR Recomm Rep, 52, pp. 1-61. , (RR-17, RR-17); Gamio, L., The workers who face the greatest coronavirus risk (2020) The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/15/business/economy/coronavirus-worker-risk.html, Mar 15. Accessed July 16, 2020; Dentistry workers and employers, , https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/covid-19/dentistry.html, Accessed May 28, 2020; Harrel, S.K., Molinari, J., Aerosols and splatter in dentistry: A brief review of the literature and infection control implications (2004) J Am Dent Assoc, 135 (4), pp. 429-437; Ge, Z.Y., Yang, L.M., Xia, J.J., Fu, X.H., Zhang, Y.Z., Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 and special precautions in dentistry (2020) J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 21 (5), pp. 361-368; ADA fluoridation policy, , http://www.ada.org/en/public-programs/advocating-for-the-public/fluoride-and-fluoridation/ada-fluoridation-policy, Accessed July 1, 2020; Standards for clinical dental hygiene practice, , https://www.adha.org/resources-docs/2016-Revised-Standarrds-for-Clinical-Hygiene-Practice.pdf, Accessed July 1, 2020; Dental interventions to prevent caries in children, , https://www.sign.ac.uk/assets/sign138.pdf, Accessed June 30, 2020; Pitts, N.B., Zero, D.T., White paper on dental caries prevention and management. A summary of the current evidence and key issues in controlling this preventable disease, , http://www.fdiworlddental.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/2016-fdi_cpp-white_paper.pdf, FDI World Dental Federation. Accessed July 16, 2020; Delivering better oral health: An evidence-based toolkit for prevention, , https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/601832/delivering_better_oral_health.pdf, Third edition. Accessed June 30, 2020; Slayton, R.L., Urquhart, O., Araujo, M.W.B., Fontana, M., Guzmán-Armstrong, S., Nascimento, M.M., Evidence-based clinical practice guideline on nonrestorative treatments for carious lesions: A report from the American Dental Association (2018) J Am Dent Assoc, 149 (10), pp. 837-849 and e19; Urquhart, O., Tampi, M.P., Pilcher, L., Slayton, R.L., Araujo, M.W.B., Fontana, M., Nonrestorative treatments for caries: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (2019) J Dent Res, 98 (1), pp. 14-26; Al-Halabi, M., Salami, A., Alnuaimi, E., Kowash, M., Hussein, I., Assessment of paediatric dental guidelines and caries management alternatives in the post COVID-19 period. A critical review and clinical recommendations (2020) Eur Arch Paediatr Dent; Cianetti, S., Pagano, S., Nardone, M., Lombardo, G., Model for taking care of patients with early childhood caries during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic (2020) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (11), p. 3751; Birch, S., Bridgman, C., Brocklehurst, P., Ellwood, R., Gomez, J., Helgeson, M., Prevention in practice-a summary (2015) BMC Oral Health, 15, p. S12; Pitts, N.B., Zero, D.T., Marsh, P.D., Ekstrand, K., Weintraub, J.A., Ramos-Gomez, F., Dental caries (2017) Nat Rev Dis Primers, 3 (1), p. 17030; Risk communication and community engagement readiness and response to coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Interim guidance, , https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/risk-communication-and-community-engagement-readiness-and-initial-response-for-novel-coronaviruses-(-ncov), Accessed July 1, 2020; Medicaid adult dental benefits: An overview, , https://www.chcs.org/media/Adult-Oral-Health-Fact-Sheet_091519.pdf, Accessed May 28, 2020; Dental benefits and Medicaid, , https://www.ada.org/en/science-research/health-policy-institute/dental-statistics/dental-benefits-and-medicaid, Accessed May 28, 2020; Benitez, J., Perez, V., Seiber, E., Medicaid access during economic distress: Lessons learned from the great recession (2020) Med Care Res Rev; Decker, S.L., Lipton, B.J., Do Medicaid benefit expansions have teeth? The effect of Medicaid adult dental coverage on the use of dental services and oral health (2015) J Health Econ, 44, pp. 212-225; Snyder, L., Rudowitz, R., (2016) Trends in state Medicaid programs: Looking back and looking ahead, , https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/trends-in-state-medicaid-programs-looking-back-and-looking-ahead/view/print/, Kaiser Family Foundation. Accessed July 16, 2020; COVID-19 state mandates and recommendations, , https://success.ada.org/en/practice-management/patients/covid-19-state-mandates-and-recommendations, Accessed July 1, 2020; Variation in dental hygiene scope of practice by state, , http://www.oralhealthworkforce.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Single-Page-Layout-Final-2019.pdf, Accessed May 28, 2020; (2020) COVID-19 puts teledentistry in the spotlight, , https://whatsnew.dentaquest.com/covid-19-puts-teledentistry-in-the-spotlight/, Accessed July 8, 2020; Jampani, N.D., Nutalapati, R., Dontula, B.S., Boyapati, R., Applications of teledentistry: A literature review and update (2011) J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 1 (2), pp. 37-44; Kritz, F., Telemedicine keeps doctors and patients connected at a safe remove (2020) The Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/telemedicine-keeps-doctors-and-patients-connected-at-a-safe-remove/2020/05/14/5f1fa262-742b-11ea-ae50-7148009252e3_story.html, May 16. Accessed July 16, 2020; Hartwell, C., (2020) Teledentistry beyond COVID-19: Applications for private practice, , https://www.cda.org/Home/News-and-Events/Newsroom/Article-Details/teledentistry-beyond-covid-19-applications-for-private-practice, Accessed July 1, 2020; Otto, M., (2017) Teeth: The story of beauty, inequality, and the struggle for oral health in America, , 1st edition. New York (NY): The New Press; Beck, J., Why dentistry is separate from medicine: The divide sometimes has devastating consequences (2017) The Atlantic, , https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/03/why-dentistry-is-separated-from-medicine/518979/, March 9. Accessed July 16, 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 15451151 (ISSN) ST - Oral Health and COVID-19: Increasing the need for prevention and access T2 - Preventing Chronic Disease TI - Oral Health and COVID-19: Increasing the need for prevention and access UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089508395&doi=10.5888%2fPCD17.200266&partnerID=40&md5=a26c261ee1ec43c87024e3a8d76d1e36 VL - 17 ID - 423 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We propose a generative model and an inference scheme for epidemic processes on dynamic, adaptive contact networks. Network evolution is formulated as a link-Markovian process, which is then coupled to an individual-level stochastic susceptible-infectious-recovered model, to describe the interplay between the dynamics of the disease spread and the contact network underlying the epidemic. A Markov chain Monte Carlo framework is developed for likelihood-based inference from partial epidemic observations, with a novel data augmentation algorithm specifically designed to deal with missing individual recovery times under the dynamic network setting. Through a series of simulation experiments, we demonstrate the validity and flexibility of the model as well as the efficacy and efficiency of the data augmentation inference scheme. The model is also applied to a recent real-world dataset on influenza-like-illness transmission with high-resolution social contact tracking records. Supplementary materials for this article are available online. © 2020 American Statistical Association. AD - Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Bu, F. AU - Aiello, A. E. AU - Xu, J. AU - Volfovsky, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/01621459.2020.1790376 J2 - J. Am. Stat. Assoc. KW - Bayesian data augmentation Conditional simulation Contact networks Continuous-time Markov chains Mobile healthcare Stochastic susceptible-infectious-removed model LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Xu, J.; Department of Statistical Science, United States; email: jason.q.xu@duke.edu Funding details: 2030355, DMS 1606177, U01 CK000185, W911NF1810233 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01 EB025021 Funding text 1: This work was partially supported by NIH funding: R01 EB025021, NSF DMS 2030355 and DMS 1606177, and W911NF1810233. The eX-FLU data were supported by U01 CK000185. References: Aiello, A.E., Simanek, A.M., Eisenberg, M.C., Walsh, A.R., Davis, B., Volz, E., Cheng, C., Osgood, N., “Design and Methods of a Social Network Isolation Study for Reducing Respiratory Infection Transmission: The eX-FLU Cluster Randomized Trial (2016) Epidemics, 15, pp. 38-55; Anderson, R.M., May, R.M., (1992) Infectious Diseases of Humans: Dynamics and Control, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Andrieu, C., Doucet, A., Holenstein, R., “Particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo Methods (2010) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 72, pp. 269-342; Auranen, K., Arjas, E., Leino, T., Takala, A.K., “Transmission of Pneumococcal Carriage in Families: A Latent Markov Process Model for Binary Longitudinal Data (2000) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 95, pp. 1044-1053; Bailey, N.T., (1975) The Mathematical Theory of Infectious Diseases and Its Applications, , 2nd ed., Bucks: Charles Griffin & Company Ltd; Barrat, A., Cattuto, C., Tozzi, A.E., Vanhems, P., Voirin, N., “Measuring Contact Patterns With Wearable Sensors: Methods, Data Characteristics and Applications to Data-Driven Simulations of Infectious Diseases (2014) Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20, pp. 10-16; Becker, N.G., Britton, T., “Statistical Studies of Infectious Disease Incidence (1999) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 61, pp. 287-307; Bell, D., Nicoll, A., Fukuda, K., Horby, P., Monto, A., “World Health Organization Writing Group. Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for Pandemic Influenza, National and Community Measures,” (2006) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12, pp. 88-94; Britton, T., “Stochastic Epidemic Models: A Survey (2010) Mathematical Biosciences, 225, pp. 24-35; Britton, T., “Epidemic Models on Social Networks—With Inference,” (2020) Statistica Neerlandica; Britton, T., O’Neill, P.D., “Bayesian Inference for Stochastic Epidemics in Populations With Random Social Structure (2002) Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, 29, pp. 375-390; Cauchemez, S., Ferguson, N.M., “Likelihood-Based Estimation of Continuous-Time Epidemic Models From Time-Series Data: Application to Measles Transmission in London (2008) Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 5, pp. 885-897; Cauchemez, S., Temime, L., Valleron, A.-J., Varon, E., Thomas, G., Guillemot, D., Boëlle, P.-Y., “S. pneumonia Transmission According to Inclusion in Conjugate Vaccines: Bayesian Analysis of a Longitudinal Follow-Up in schools (2006) BMC Infectious Diseases, 6, p. 14; Clementi, A.E., Macci, C., Monti, A., Pasquale, F., Silvestri, R., “Flooding Time of Edge-Markovian Evolving Graphs (2010) SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics, 24, pp. 1694-1712; Cui, J., Zhang, Y., Feng, Z., “Influence of Non-Homogeneous Mixing on Final Epidemic Size in a Meta-Population Model (2019) Journal of Biological Dynamics, 13, pp. 31-46; Dong, W., Pentland, A., Heller, K.A., (2012), Graph-Coupled HMMs for Modeling the Spread of Infection, arXiv 1210.4864; Eames, K., Tilston, N., White, P., Adams, E., Edmunds, W., “The Impact of Illness and the Impact of School Closure on Social Contact Patterns (2010) Health Technology Assessment, 14, pp. 267-312; Edmunds, W.J., Kafatos, G., Wallinga, J., Mossong, J., “Mixing Patterns and the Spread of Close-Contact Infectious Diseases (2006) Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, 3, p. 10; Edmunds, W.J., O’Callaghan, C., Nokes, D., (1997) “Who Mixes With Whom? A Method to Determine the Contact Patterns of Adults That May Lead to the Spread of Airborne Infections, 264, pp. 949-957. , Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences; Fan, K., Eisenberg, M., Walsh, A., Aiello, A., Heller, K., Hierarchical Graph-Coupled HMMs for Heterogeneous Personalized Health Data (2015) the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference, , Proceedings of, on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM, 239–248; Fan, K., Li, C., Heller, K., (2016) “A Unifying Variational Inference Framework for Hierarchical Graph-Coupled HMM With an Application to Influenza Infection, , Thirtieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Ferguson, N.M., Laydon, D., Nedjati-Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M., Bhatia, S., Dighe, A., “Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) to Reduce COVID19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand,” (2020) Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team, 10, p. 77482; Finkenstädt, B.F., Grenfell, B.T., “Time Series Modelling of Childhood Diseases: A Dynamical Systems Approach (2000) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series C, 49, pp. 187-205; Fintzi, J., Cui, X., Wakefield, J., Minin, V.N., “Efficient Data Augmentation for Fitting Stochastic Epidemic Models to Prevalence Data (2017) Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 26, pp. 918-929; Funk, S., Salathé, M., Jansen, V.A., “Modelling the Influence of Human Behaviour on the Spread of Infectious Diseases: A Review (2010) Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 7, pp. 1247-1256; Geweke, J., (1991) Evaluating the Accuracy of Sampling-Based Approaches to the Calculation of Posterior Moments, 196. , Minneapolis, MN: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Research Department; Gibson, G.J., Renshaw, E., “Estimating Parameters in Stochastic Compartmental Models Using Markov Chain Methods (1998) Mathematical Medicine and Biology, 15, pp. 19-40; Gillespie, D.T., “A General Method for Numerically Simulating the Stochastic Time Evolution of Coupled Chemical Reactions (1976) Journal of Computational Physics, 22, pp. 403-434; Guttorp, P., Minin, V.N., (2018) Stochastic Modeling of Scientific Data, , Boca Raton, FL: Chapman and Hall/CRC; He, D., Ionides, E.L., King, A.A., “Plug-and-Play Inference for Disease Dynamics: Measles in Large and Small Populations as a Case Study (2010) Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 7, pp. 271-283; Hethcote, H.W., “The Mathematics of Infectious Diseases (2000) SIAM Review, 42, pp. 599-653; Ho, L.S.T., Crawford, F.W., Suchard, M.A., “Direct Likelihood-Based Inference for Discretely Observed Stochastic Compartmental Models of Infectious Disease (2018) The Annals of Applied Statistics, 12, pp. 1993-2021; Ho, L.S.T., Xu, J., Crawford, F.W., Minin, V.N., Suchard, M.A., “Birth/Birth-Death Processes and Their Computable Transition Probabilities With Biological Applications (2018) Journal of Mathematical Biology, 76, pp. 911-944; Hobolth, A., Stone, E.A., “Simulation From Endpoint-Conditioned, Continuous-Time Markov Chains on a Finite State Space, With Applications to Molecular Evolution (2009) The Annals of Applied Statistics, 3, p. 1204; Höhle, M., Jørgensen, E., (2002) Estimating Parameters for Stochastic Epidemics, , [The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University], Dina; Hoti, F., Erästö, P., Leino, T., Auranen, K., “Outbreaks of Streptococcus pneumonia Carriage in Day Care Cohorts in Finland—Implications for Elimination of Transmission (2009) BMC Infectious Diseases, 9, p. 102; Ionides, E.L., Nguyen, D., Atchadé, Y., Stoev, S., King, A.A., “Inference for Dynamic and Latent Variable Models via Iterated, Perturbed Bayes Maps (2015) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, pp. 719-724; Kermack, W.O., McKendrick, A.G., “A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics,” (1927) ical and Engineering Sciences, 115, 700–721, , Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Phys; Kiss, I.Z., Berthouze, L., Taylor, T.J., Simon, P.L., “Modelling Approaches for Simple Dynamic Networks and Applications to Disease Transmission Models (2012) Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 468, pp. 1332-1355; Kiti, M.C., Tizzoni, M., Kinyanjui, T.M., Koech, D.C., Munywoki, P.K., Meriac, M., Cappa, L., Nokes, D.J., “Quantifying Social Contacts in a Household Setting of Rural Kenya Using Wearable Proximity Sensors (2016) EPJ Data Science, 5, p. 21; (2020) The Updates on COVID-19 in Korea, , https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000\&bid=0030, Public Press Release, avaiable at; Masuda, N., Holme, P., (2017) Temporal Network Epidemiology, , Singapore: Springer; Melegaro, A., Jit, M., Gay, N., Zagheni, E., Edmunds, W.J., “What Types of Contacts Are Important for the Spread of Infections? Using Contact Survey Data to Explore European Mixing Patterns (2011) Epidemics, 3, pp. 143-151; Press Releases (2020) Public Resource of Israel Case Information, , https://www.health.gov.il/English/News_and_Events/Spokespersons_Messages/Pages/default.aspx; Mossong, J., Hens, N., Jit, M., Beutels, P., Auranen, K., Mikolajczyk, R., Massari, M., Heijne, J., “Social Contacts and Mixing Patterns Relevant to the Spread of Infectious Diseases (2008) PLoS Medicine, 5, p. e74; Neal, P.J., Roberts, G.O., “Statistical Inference and Model Selection for the 1861 Hagelloch Measles Epidemic (2004) Biostatistics, 5, pp. 249-261; Ogura, M., Preciado, V.M., “Stability of Spreading Processes Over Time-Varying Large-Scale Networks (2016) IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, 3, pp. 44-57; Ogura, M., Preciado, V.M., Optimal Containment of Epidemics in Temporal and Adaptive Networks (2017) Temporal Network Epidemiology, pp. 241-266. , Masuda N., Holme P., (eds), Singapore: Springer, and,), eds; O’Neill, P.D., “Bayesian Inference for Stochastic Multitype Epidemics in Structured Populations Using Sample Data (2009) Biostatistics, 10, pp. 779-791; Ozella, L., Gesualdo, F., Tizzoni, M., Rizzo, C., Pandolfi, E., Campagna, I., Tozzi, A.E., Cattuto, C., “Close Encounters Between Infants and Household Members Measured Through Wearable Proximity Sensors (2018) PLoS One, 13; Pooley, C., Bishop, S., Marion, G., “Using Model-Based Proposals for Fast Parameter Inference on Discrete State Space, Continuous-Time Markov Processes (2015) Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 12, p. 20150225; Shaw, L.B., Schwartz, I.B., “Fluctuating Epidemics on Adaptive Networks (2008) Physical Review E, 77, p. 066101; Tavaré, S., “The Linear Birth–Death Process: An Inferential Retrospective (2018) Advances in Applied Probability, 50, pp. 253-269; Tsang, T.K., Fang, V.J., Ip, D.K.M., Perera, R.A.P.M., So, H.C., Leung, G.M., Peiris, J.S.M., Cauchemez, S., “Indirect Protection From Vaccinating Children Against Influenza in Households (2019) Nature Communications, 10, p. 106; Tunc, I., Shkarayev, M.S., Shaw, L.B., “Epidemics in Adaptive Social Networks With Temporary Link Deactivation (2013) Journal of Statistical Physics, 151, pp. 355-366; (2018), https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/keyfacts.htm, Key Facts About Influenza (Flu; Van Kerckhove, K., Hens, N., Edmunds, W.J., Eames, K.T., “The Impact of Illness on Social Networks: Implications for Transmission and Control of Influenza (2013) American Journal of Epidemiology, 178, pp. 1655-1662; Van Segbroeck, S., Santos, F.C., Pacheco, J.M., “Adaptive Contact Networks Change Effective Disease Infectiousness and Dynamics (2010) PLoS Computational Biology, 6, p. e1000895; Vanhems, P., Barrat, A., Cattuto, C., Pinton, J.-F., Khanafer, N., Régis, C., Kim, B.-A., Voirin, N., “Estimating Potential Infection Transmission Routes in Hospital Wards Using Wearable Proximity Sensors (2013) PLoS One, 8; Voirin, N., Payet, C., Barrat, A., Cattuto, C., Khanafer, N., Régis, C., Kim, B.-A., Vanhems, P., “Combining High-Resolution Contact Data With Virological Data to Investigate Influenza Transmission in a Tertiary Care Hospital (2015) Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 36, p. 254; Volz, E., “SIR Dynamics in Random Networks With Heterogeneous Connectivity (2008) Journal of Mathematical Biology, 56, pp. 293-310; Volz, E., Meyers, L.A., (2007) “Susceptible–Infected–Recovered Epidemics in Dynamic Contact Networks, 274, pp. 2925-2934. , Proceedings of the Royal Society B, Biological Sciences; Volz, E., Meyers, L.A., “Epidemic Thresholds in Dynamic Contact Networks (2008) Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 6, pp. 233-241; Wallinga, J., Edmunds, W.J., Kretzschmar, M., “Perspective: Human Contact Patterns and the Spread of Airborne Infectious Diseases (1999) TRENDS in Microbiology, 7, pp. 372-377; (2004), https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/en/, Cumulative Number of Reported Probable Cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS; (2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-report, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Situation Reports; “Nonpharmaceutical Interventions for Pandemic Influenza, National and Community Measures (2006) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12, p. 88; Xu, J., Guttorp, P., Kato-Maeda, M., Minin, V.N., “Likelihood-Based Inference for Discretely Observed Birth–Death-Shift Processes, With Applications to Evolution of Mobile Genetic Elements (2015) Biometrics, 71, pp. 1009-1021; Xu, J., Minin, V.N., “Efficient Transition Probability Computation for Continuous-Time Branching Processes via Compressed Sensing,” (2015) nference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, 2015, p. 952. , in, Uncertainty Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of the…Conference. Co, (,), p; Yang, C.H., Jung, H., “Topological Dynamics of the 2015 South Korea MERS-CoV Spread-on-Contact Networks (2020) Scientific Reports, 10, p. 4327 PY - 2020 SN - 01621459 (ISSN) ST - Likelihood-Based Inference for Partially Observed Epidemics on Dynamic Networks T2 - Journal of the American Statistical Association TI - Likelihood-Based Inference for Partially Observed Epidemics on Dynamic Networks UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089582187&doi=10.1080%2f01621459.2020.1790376&partnerID=40&md5=21f6d8db608dd27c30251a2b91bd7e84 ID - 560 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Adults with chronic conditions are disproportionately burdened by COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Although COVID-19 mobile health (mHealth) apps have emerged, research on attitudes toward using COVID-19 mHealth tools among those with chronic conditions is scarce. Objective: This study aimed to examine attitudes toward COVID-19, identify determinants of COVID-19 mHealth tool use across demographic and health-related characteristics, and evaluate associations between chronic health conditions and attitudes toward using COVID-19 mHealth tools (eg, mHealth or web-based methods for tracking COVID-19 exposures, symptoms, and recommendations). Methods: We used nationally representative data from the COVID-19 Impact Survey collected from April to June 2020 (n=10,760). Primary exposure was a history of chronic conditions, which were defined as self-reported diagnoses of cardiometabolic, respiratory, immune-related, and mental health conditions and overweight/obesity. Primary outcomes were attitudes toward COVID-19 mHealth tools, including the likelihood of using (1) a mobile phone app to track COVID-19 symptoms and receive recommendations; (2) a website to track COVID-19 symptoms, track location, and receive recommendations; and (3) an app using location data to track potential COVID-19 exposure. Outcome response options for COVID-19 mHealth tool use were extremely/very likely, moderately likely, or not too likely/not likely at all. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare the likelihood of COVID-19 mHealth tool use between people with different chronic health conditions, with not too likely/not likely at all responses used as the reference category for each outcome. We evaluated the determinants of each COVID-19 mHealth intervention using Poisson regression. Results: Of the 10,760 respondents, 21.8% of respondents were extremely/very likely to use a mobile phone app or a website to track their COVID-19 symptoms and receive recommendations. Additionally, 24.1% of respondents were extremely/very likely to use a mobile phone app to track their location and receive push notifications about whether they have been exposed to COVID-19. After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, sex, socioeconomic status, and residence, adults with mental health conditions were the most likely to report being extremely/very or moderately likely to use each mHealth intervention compared to those without such conditions. Adults with respiratory-related chronic diseases were extremely/very (conditional odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI 1.00-1.35) and moderately likely (conditional odds ratio 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.45) to use a mobile phone app to track their location and receive push notifications about whether they have been exposed to COVID-19. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that attitudes toward using COVID-19 mHealth tools vary widely across modalities (eg, web-based method vs app) and chronic health conditions. These findings may inform the adoption of long-term engagement with COVID-19 apps, which is crucial for determining their potential in reducing disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among individuals with chronic health conditions. © 2020 Marlene Camacho-Rivera, Jessica Yasmine Islam, Argelis Rivera, Denise Christina Vidot. AD - Department of Community Health Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, United States AU - Camacho-Rivera, M. AU - Islam, J. Y. AU - Rivera, A. AU - Vidot, D. C. C2 - 33301415 C7 - e24693 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2196/24693 IS - 12 J2 - JMIR mHealth uHealth KW - Attitude Chronic disease Chronic health conditions Contact tracing COVID-19 Data analysis Disparity Health disparities MHealth Mobile app Perception Smartphone adolescent adult attitude to health female health care survey human male middle aged mobile application prevention and control procedures psychology telemedicine young adult Health Care Surveys Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Mobile Applications LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Camacho-Rivera, M.; Department of Community Health Sciences, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 43, United States; email: marlene.camacho-rivera@downstate.edu Funding details: 5S21MD012474-02 Funding details: 2T32CA116339-11 Funding text 1: MCR is supported by the Association of American Medical Colleges Herbert W. Nickens Faculty Fellowship and Translational Program of Health Disparities Research Training (5S21MD012474-02). JYI is supported by the University of North Carolina's Cancer Care Quality Training Program (2T32CA116339-11). Funding text 2: MCR is supported by the Association of American Medical Colleges Herbert W. Nickens Faculty Fellowship and Translational Program of Health Disparities Research Training (5S21MD012474-02). JYI is supported by the University of North Carolina’s Cancer Care Quality Training Program (2T32CA116339-11). References: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html, CDC COVID Data Tracker. [accessed 2020-12-09]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html, How to Protect Yourself & Others. [accessed 2020-12-09]; Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public, World Health Organization. [accessed 2020-12-09]; Rothgerber, H, Wilson, T, Whaley, D, Rosenfeld, D, Humphrey, M, Moore, A, Politicizing the COVID-19 Pandemic: Ideological Differences in Adherence to Social Distancing (2020), PsyArXive Preprints Preprint posted online on April 22, [doi]; Camacho-Rivera, M, Islam, JY, Vidot, DC., Associations Between Chronic Health Conditions and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults: An Analysis of the COVID Impact Survey (2020) Health Equity, 4 (1), pp. 336-344. , [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32783017]; Laurencin, CT, McClinton, A., The COVID-19 Pandemic: a Call to Action to Identify and Address Racial and Ethnic Disparities (2020) J Racial Ethn Health Disparities, 7 (3), pp. 398-402. , Jun; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32306369]; Geographic Differences in COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, and Incidence - United States, February 12-April 7, 2020 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (15), pp. 465-471. , CDC COVID-19 Response Team. 2020 Apr 17; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32298250]; Richardson, S, Hirsch, JS, Narasimhan, M, Crawford, JM, McGinn, T, Davidson, KW, the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium, et al. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area (2020) JAMA, 323 (20), pp. 2052-2059. , May 26; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32320003]; Shekerdemian, LS, Mahmood, NR, Wolfe, KK, Riggs, BJ, Ross, CE, McKiernan, CA, Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units (2020) JAMA Pediatr, 174 (9), pp. 868-873. , International COVID-19 PICU Collaborative. Sep 01; [doi] [Medline: 32392288]; Gosain, R, Abdou, Y, Singh, A, Rana, N, Puzanov, I, Ernstoff, MS., COVID-19 and Cancer: a Comprehensive Review (2020) Curr Oncol Rep, 22 (5), p. 53. , May 08; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32385672]; Hussain, A, Bhowmik, B, do Vale Moreira, NC., COVID-19 and diabetes: Knowledge in progress (2020) Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 162, p. 108142. , Apr;: [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32278764]; McClure, ES, Vasudevan, P, Bailey, Z, Patel, S, Robinson, WR., Racial Capitalism Within Public Health-How Occupational Settings Drive COVID-19 Disparities (2020) Am J Epidemiol, 189 (11), pp. 1244-1253. , Nov 02; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32619007]; Webb Hooper, M, Nápoles, AM, Pérez-Stable, EJ., COVID-19 and Racial/Ethnic Disparities (2020) JAMA, 323 (24), pp. 2466-2467. , Jun 23; [doi] [Medline: 32391864]; Shah, M, Sachdeva, M, Dodiuk-Gad, RP., COVID-19 and racial disparities (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 83 (1), p. e35. , Jul; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32305444]; Balogun, OD, Bea, VJ, Phillips, E., Disparities in Cancer Outcomes Due to COVID-19-A Tale of 2 Cities (2020) JAMA Oncol, 6 (10), pp. 1531-1532. , Oct 01; [doi] [Medline: 32789508]; Núñez, A, Madison, M, Schiavo, R, Elk, R, Prigerson, HG., Responding to Healthcare Disparities and Challenges With Access to Care During COVID-19 (2020) Health Equity, 4 (1), pp. 117-128. , [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32368710]; Jones, J, Sullivan, PS, Sanchez, TH, Guest, JL, Hall, EW, Luisi, N, Similarities and Differences in COVID-19 Awareness, Concern, and Symptoms by Race and Ethnicity in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (7), p. e20001. , Jul 10; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32614778]; Waltenburg, MA, Victoroff, T, Rose, CE, Butterfield, M, Jervis, RH, Fedak, KM, Update: COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities - United States, April-May 2020 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (27), pp. 887-892. , COVID-19 Response Team. 2020 Jul 10; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32644986]; Poteat, T, Millett, GA, Nelson, LE, Beyrer, C., Understanding COVID-19 risks and vulnerabilities among black communities in America: the lethal force of syndemics (2020) Ann Epidemiol, 47, pp. 1-3. , Jul;: [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32419765]; Hawkins, D., Differential occupational risk for COVID-19 and other infection exposure according to race and ethnicity (2020) Am J Ind Med, 63 (9), pp. 817-820. , Sep; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32539166]; Vidot, DC, Islam, JY, Camacho-Rivera, M, Harrell, MB, Rao, DR, Chavez, JV, The COVID-19 cannabis health study: Results from an epidemiologic assessment of adults who use cannabis for medicinal reasons in the United States (2020) J Addict Dis, pp. 1-11. , Sep 15: [doi] [Medline: 32933383]; Holmes, L, Enwere, M, Williams, J, Ogundele, B, Chavan, P, Piccoli, T, Black-White Risk Differentials in COVID-19 (SARS-COV2) Transmission, Mortality and Case Fatality in the United States: Translational Epidemiologic Perspective and Challenges (2020) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (12), p. 4322. , Jun 17; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32560363]; Garg, S, Kim, L, Whitaker, M, O'Halloran, A, Cummings, C, Holstein, R, Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (15), pp. 458-464. , 2020 Apr 17; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32298251]; Wadhera, RK, Wadhera, P, Gaba, P, Figueroa, JF, Joynt Maddox, KE, Yeh, RW, Variation in COVID-19 Hospitalizations and Deaths Across New York City Boroughs (2020) JAMA, 323 (21), pp. 2192-2195. , Jun 02; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32347898]; Rodriguez-Diaz, CE, Guilamo-Ramos, V, Mena, L, Hall, E, Honermann, B, Crowley, JS, Risk for COVID-19 infection and death among Latinos in the United States: examining heterogeneity in transmission dynamics (2020) Ann Epidemiol, 52, pp. 46-53. , Dec;: e2 [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32711053]; Grasselli, G, Zangrillo, A, Zanella, A, Antonelli, M, Cabrini, L, Castelli, A, Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323 (16), pp. 1574-1581. , COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network. Apr 28; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32250385]; Fang, L, Karakiulakis, G, Roth, M., Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8 (4), p. e21. , Apr; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32171062]; Emami, A, Javanmardi, F, Pirbonyeh, N, Akbari, A., Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020) Arch Acad Emerg Med, 8 (1), p. e35. , [FREE Full text] [Medline: 32232218]; Madjid, M, Safavi-Naeini, P, Solomon, SD, Vardeny, O., Potential Effects of Coronaviruses on the Cardiovascular System: A Review (2020) JAMA Cardiol, 5 (7), pp. 831-840. , Jul 01; [doi] [Medline: 32219363]; COVID-19: underlying metabolic health in the spotlight (2020) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 8 (6), p. 457. , May 06; [doi]; Yu, J, Ouyang, W, Chua, MLK, Xie, C., SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Patients With Cancer at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Oncol, 6 (7), pp. 1108-1110. , Jul 01; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32211820]; Kutikov, A, Weinberg, DS, Edelman, MJ, Horwitz, EM, Uzzo, RG, Fisher, RI., A War on Two Fronts: Cancer Care in the Time of COVID-19 (2020) Ann Intern Med, 172 (11), pp. 756-758. , Jun 02; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32219410]; Islam, JY, Camacho-Rivera, M, Vidot, DC., Examining COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors among Cancer Survivors in the United States: An Analysis of the COVID-19 Impact Survey (2020) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 29 (12), pp. 2583-2590. , Dec; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32978173]; Higham, A, Mathioudakis, A, Vestbo, J, Singh, D., COVID-19 and COPD: a narrative review of the basic science and clinical outcomes (2020) Eur Respir Rev, 29 (158), p. 200199. , Dec 31; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33153991]; Edis, EC., Chronic Pulmonary Diseases and COVID-19 (2020) Turk Thorac J, 21 (5), pp. 345-349. , Sep; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33031727]; Pezzuto, A, Tammaro, A, Tonini, G, Ciccozzi, M., COPD influences survival in patients affected by COVID-19, comparison between subjects admitted to an internal medicine unit, and subjects admitted to an intensive care unit: An Italian experience J Med Virol, , Epub ahead of print 2020 Oct 07 [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33026657]; Hughes-Visentin, A, Paul, ABM., Asthma and COVID-19: What do we know now (2020) Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med, 14, p. 1179548420966242. , [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33173369]; Pignatti, P, Visca, D, Cherubino, F, Zampogna, E, Spanevello, A., Impact of COVID-19 on patients with asthma (2020) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 24 (11), pp. 1217-1219. , Nov 01; [doi] [Medline: 33172533]; Robinson, LB, Fu, X, Bassett, IV, Triant, VA, Foulkes, AS, Zhang, Y, COVID-19 severity in hospitalized patients with asthma: A matched cohort study (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, (20), pp. 31132-31136. , Oct 22;S2213-2198 [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33164794]; Parikh, R, Garcia, MA, Rajendran, I, Johnson, S, Mesfin, N, Weinberg, J, ICU outcomes in Covid-19 patients with obesity (2020) Ther Adv Respir Dis, 14, p. 1753466620971146. , [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33176612]; Akbas, F, Usta Atmaca, H., Obesity and COVID-19: Time to Take Action (2020) Obes Facts, pp. 1-3. , Nov 09: [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33166962]; Prado-Galbarro, FJ, Sanchez-Piedra, C, Gamiño-Arroyo, AE, Cruz-Cruz, C., Determinants of survival after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in Mexican outpatients and hospitalised patients (2020) Public Health, 189, pp. 66-72. , Sep 30;: [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33166857]; Mesas, AE, Cavero-Redondo, I, Álvarez-Bueno, C, Cabrera, MAS, de Andrade, SM, Sequí-Dominguez, I, Predictors of in-hospital COVID-19 mortality: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis exploring differences by age, sex and health conditions (2020) PLoS One, 15 (11), p. e0241742. , [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33141836]; Menni, C, Valdes, AM, Freidin, MB, Sudre, CH, Nguyen, LH, Drew, DA, Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19 (2020) Nat Med, 26 (7), pp. 1037-1040. , Jul; [doi] [Medline: 32393804]; Inkster, B, O'Brien, R, Selby, E, Joshi, S, Subramanian, V, Kadaba, M, Digital Health Management During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities, Barriers, and Recommendations (2020) JMIR Ment Health, 7 (7), p. e19246. , Jul 06; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32484783]; Dong, E, Du, H, Gardner, L., An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (5), pp. 533-534. , May; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32087114]; Timmers, T, Janssen, L, Stohr, J, Murk, JL, Berrevoets, MAH., Using eHealth to Support COVID-19 Education, Self-Assessment, and Symptom Monitoring in the Netherlands: Observational Study (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (6), p. e19822. , Jun 23; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32516750]; Yap, KYL, Xie, Q., Personalizing symptom monitoring and contact tracing efforts through a COVID-19 web-app (2020) Infect Dis Poverty, 9 (1), p. 93. , Jul 13; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32660568]; Wang, S, Ding, S, Xiong, L., A New System for Surveillance and Digital Contact Tracing for COVID-19: Spatiotemporal Reporting Over Network and GPS (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (6), p. e19457. , Jun 10; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32499212]; García-Iglesias, JJ, Martín-Pereira, J, Fagundo-Rivera, J, Gómez-Salgado, J., Digital surveillance tools for contact tracking of infected persons by SARS-CoV-2.] (2020) Rev Esp Salud Publica, 94, p. e202006067. , [Jun 23;: [FREE Full text] [Medline: 32572019]; Yamamoto, K, Takahashi, T, Urasaki, M, Nagayasu, Y, Shimamoto, T, Tateyama, Y, Health Observation App for COVID-19 Symptom Tracking Integrated With Personal Health Records: Proof of Concept and Practical Use Study (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (7), p. e19902. , Jul 06; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32568728]; Echeverría, P, Mas Bergas, MA, Puig, J, Isnard, M, Massot, M, Vedia, C, COVIDApp as an Innovative Strategy for the Management and Follow-Up of COVID-19 Cases in Long-Term Care Facilities in Catalonia: Implementation Study (2020) JMIR Public Health Surveill, 6 (3), p. e21163. , Jul 17; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32629425]; Yasaka, TM, Lehrich, BM, Sahyouni, R., Peer-to-Peer Contact Tracing: Development of a Privacy-Preserving Smartphone App (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (4), p. e18936. , Apr 07; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32240973]; Alexopoulos, AR, Hudson, JG, Otenigbagbe, O., The Use of Digital Applications and COVID-19 (2020) Community Ment Health J, 56 (7), pp. 1202-1203. , Oct; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32734311]; Banskota, S, Healy, M, Goldberg, EM., 15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020) West J Emerg Med, 21 (3), pp. 514-525. , Apr 14; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32302279]; Conway, C, Fowler, E, Howes, B, Blythe, A., If you're happy and you know it click the app - the Covid-19 pandemic and its effect on students' use of the "Happy App" (2020) Educ Prim Care, p. 1. , Aug 12:. [doi] [Medline: 32783785]; Altmann, S, Milsom, L, Zillessen, H, Blasone, R, Gerdon, F, Bach, R, Acceptability of App-Based Contact Tracing for COVID-19: Cross-Country Survey Study (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (8), p. e19857. , Aug 28; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32759102]; Walrave, M, Waeterloos, C, Ponnet, K., Adoption of a Contact Tracing App for Containing COVID-19: A Health Belief Model Approach (2020) JMIR Public Health Surveill, 6 (3), p. e20572. , Sep 01; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32755882]; Berglund, J., Tracking COVID-19: There's an App for That (2020) IEEE Pulse, 11 (4), pp. 14-17. , [doi] [Medline: 32841114]; Zens, M, Brammertz, A, Herpich, J, Südkamp, N, Hinterseer, M., App-Based Tracking of Self-Reported COVID-19 Symptoms: Analysis of Questionnaire Data (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (9), p. e21956. , Sep 09; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32791493]; Ming, LC, Untong, N, Aliudin, NA, Osili, N, Kifli, N, Tan, CS, Mobile Health Apps on COVID-19 Launched in the Early Days of the Pandemic: Content Analysis and Review (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (9), p. e19796. , Sep 16; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32609622]; Soriano, JB, Fernández, E, de Astorza, A, de Llano, LAP, Fernández-Villar, A, Carnicer-Pont, D, Hospital Epidemics Tracker (HEpiTracker): Description and pilot study of a mobile app to track COVID-19 in hospital workers (2020) JMIR Public Health Surveill, 6 (3), p. e21653. , Sep 21; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32845852]; Mira, JJ, Vicente, MA, Lopez-Pineda, A, Carrillo, I, Guilabert, M, Fernández, C, Preventing and Addressing the Stress Reactions of Health Care Workers Caring for Patients With COVID-19: Development of a Digital Platform (Be + Against COVID) (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (10), p. e21692. , Oct 05; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32936769]; O'Dowd, A., Covid-19: App to track close contacts is launched in England and Wales (2020) BMJ, 370, p. m3751. , Sep 25;:. [doi] [Medline: 32978120]; Chan, AT, Drew, DA, Nguyen, LH, Joshi, AD, Ma, W, Guo, CG, The COronavirus Pandemic Epidemiology (COPE) Consortium: A Call to Action (2020) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 29 (7), pp. 1283-1289. , COPE Consortium. Jul; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32371551]; Xu, H, Huang, S, Qiu, C, Liu, S, Deng, J, Jiao, B, Monitoring and Management of Home-Quarantined Patients With COVID-19 Using a WeChat-Based Telemedicine System: Retrospective Cohort Study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (7), p. e19514. , Jul 02; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32568727]; Jonker, M, de Bekker-Grob, E, Veldwijk, J, Goossens, L, Bour, S, Mölken, MRV., COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Predicted Uptake in the Netherlands Based on a Discrete Choice Experiment (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (10), p. e20741. , Oct 09; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32795998]; Kaspar, K., Motivations for Social Distancing and App Use as Complementary Measures to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quantitative Survey Study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (8), p. e21613. , Aug 27; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32759100]; Cioffi, A, Lugi, C, Cecannecchia, C., Apps for COVID-19 contact-tracing: Too many questions and few answers (2020) Ethics Med Public Health, 15, p. 100575. , [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32838002]; Sun, S, Folarin, AA, Ranjan, Y, Rashid, Z, Conde, P, Stewart, C, RADAR-CNS Consortium. Using Smartphones and Wearable Devices to Monitor Behavioral Changes During COVID-19 (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (9), p. e19992. , Sep 25; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32877352]; Huckins, JF, daSilva, AW, Wang, W, Hedlund, E, Rogers, C, Nepal, SK, Mental Health and Behavior of College Students During the Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (6), p. e20185. , Jun 17; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32519963]; Drissi, N, Ouhbi, S, Idrissi, MAJ, Ghogho, M., An analysis on self-management and treatment-related functionality and characteristics of highly rated anxiety apps (2020) Int J Med Inform, 141, p. 104243. , Sep;: [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32768994]; Reyes, AT., A Mindfulness Mobile App for Traumatized COVID-19 Healthcare Workers and Recovered Patients: A Response to "The Use of Digital Applications and COVID-19" (2020) Community Ment Health J, 56 (7), pp. 1204-1205. , Oct; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32772205]; Zhang, M, Smith, HE., Digital Tools to Ameliorate Psychological Symptoms Associated With COVID-19: Scoping Review (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (8), p. e19706. , Aug 21; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32721922]; Davalbhakta, S, Advani, S, Kumar, S, Agarwal, V, Bhoyar, S, Fedirko, E, A systematic review of the smartphone applications available for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) and their assessment using the mobile app rating scale (MARS) medRxiv Preprint posted online on July 4, 2020. [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32637969]; Collado-Borrell, R, Escudero-Vilaplana, V, Villanueva-Bueno, C, Herranz-Alonso, A, Sanjurjo-Saez, M., Features and Functionalities of Smartphone Apps Related to COVID-19: Systematic Search in App Stores and Content Analysis (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (8), p. e20334. , Aug 25; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32614777]; Davalbhakta, S, Advani, S, Kumar, S, Agarwal, V, Bhoyar, S, Fedirko, E, A Systematic Review of Smartphone Applications Available for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID19) and the Assessment of their Quality Using the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS) J Med Syst, 44 (9), p. 164. , 2020 Aug 10; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32779002]; COVID Impact Survey, , https://www.covid-impact.org/, Homepage. [accessed 2020-05-20]; U.S. Census Bureau, , https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/data.html, Current Population Survey, September 2020. [accessed 2020-11-04]; Calixte, R, Rivera, A, Oridota, O, Beauchamp, W, Camacho-Rivera, M., Social and Demographic Patterns of Health-Related Internet Use Among Adults in the United States: A Secondary Data Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey (2020) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (18), p. 6856. , Sep 19; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32961766]; Kontos, E, Blake, KD, Chou, WS, Prestin, A., Predictors of eHealth usage: insights on the digital divide from the Health Information National Trends Survey 2012 (2014) J Med Internet Res, 16 (7), p. e172. , Jul 16; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 25048379]; Greenberg-Worisek, AJ, Kurani, S, Finney Rutten, LJ, Blake, KD, Moser, RP, Hesse, BW., Tracking Healthy People 2020 Internet, Broadband, and Mobile Device Access Goals: An Update Using Data From the Health Information National Trends Survey (2019) J Med Internet Res, 21 (6), p. e13300. , Jun 24; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 31237238]; Raharja, A, Tamara, A, Kok, LT., Association Between Ethnicity and Severe COVID-19 Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2020) J Racial Ethn Health Disparities, pp. 1-10. , Nov 12: [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33180278]; Barros, AJD, Hirakata, VN., Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio (2003) BMC Med Res Methodol, 3, p. 21. , Oct 20;: [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 14567763]; Behrens, T, Taeger, D, Wellmann, J, Keil, U., Different methods to calculate effect estimates in cross-sectional studies. A comparison between prevalence odds ratio and prevalence ratio (2004) Methods Inf Med, 43 (5), pp. 505-509. , [Medline: 15702210]; Coutinho, LMS, Scazufca, M, Menezes, PR., Methods for estimating prevalence ratios in cross-sectional studies (2008) Rev Saude Publica, 42 (6), pp. 992-998. , Dec; [FREE Full text] [Medline: 19009156]; Althouse, AD., Adjust for Multiple Comparisons? It's Not That Simple (2016) Ann Thorac Surg, 101 (5), pp. 1644-1645. , May; [doi] [Medline: 27106412]; Rothman, KJ., No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons (1990) Epidemiology, 1 (1), pp. 43-46. , Jan; [Medline: 2081237]; Kamenidou, IE, Stavrianea, A, Mamalis, S, Mylona, I., Knowledge Assessment of COVID-19 Symptoms: Gender Differences and Communication Routes for the Generation Z Cohort (2020) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (19), p. 6964. , Sep 23; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32977632]; Wolf, MS, Serper, M, Opsasnick, L, O'Conor, RM, Curtis, LM, Benavente, JY, Awareness, Attitudes, and Actions Related to COVID-19 Among Adults With Chronic Conditions at the Onset of the U.S. Outbreak: A Cross-sectional Survey (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173 (2), pp. 100-109. , Jul 21; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32271861]; Weill, JA, Stigler, M, Deschenes, O, Springborn, MR., Social distancing responses to COVID-19 emergency declarations strongly differentiated by income (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 117 (33), pp. 19658-19660. , Aug 18; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32727905]; Geldsetzer, P., Knowledge and Perceptions of COVID-19 Among the General Public in the United States and the United Kingdom: A Cross-sectional Online Survey (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173 (2), pp. 157-160. , Jul 21; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32196071]; Parlapani, E, Holeva, V, Voitsidis, P, Blekas, A, Gliatas, I, Porfyri, GN, Psychological and Behavioral Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece (2020) Front Psychiatry, 11, p. 821. , [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32973575]; Alsan, M, Stantcheva, S, Yang, D, Cutler, D., Disparities in Coronavirus 2019 Reported Incidence, Knowledge, and Behavior Among US Adults (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3 (6), p. e2012403. , Jun 01; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32556260]; Clements, JM., Knowledge and Behaviors Toward COVID-19 Among US Residents During the Early Days of the Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Online Questionnaire (2020) JMIR Public Health Surveill, 6 (2), p. e19161. , May 08; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32369759]; Karaye, IM, Horney, JA., The Impact of Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 in the U.S.: An Analysis of Spatially Varying Relationships (2020) Am J Prev Med, 59 (3), pp. 317-325. , Sep; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32703701]; Hamidi, S, Sabouri, S, Ewing, R., Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic? (2020) J Am Plann Assoc, 86 (4), pp. 495-509. , Jun 18; [FREE Full text] [doi]; O'Conor, R, Opsasnick, L, Benavente, JY, Russell, AM, Wismer, G, Eifler, M, Knowledge and Behaviors of Adults with Underlying Health Conditions During the Onset of the COVID-19 U.S. Outbreak: The Chicago COVID-19 Comorbidities Survey (2020) J Community Health, 45 (6), pp. 1149-1157. , Dec; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32780294]; Campos-Castillo, C, Laestadius, LI., Racial and Ethnic Digital Divides in Posting COVID-19 Content on Social Media Among US Adults: Secondary Survey Analysis (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (7), p. e20472. , Jul 03; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32568726]; Gibson, A, Bardach, SH, Pope, ND., COVID-19 and the Digital Divide: Will Social Workers Help Bridge the Gap? (2020) J Gerontol Soc Work, pp. 1-3. , Jun 05: [doi] [Medline: 32500841]; Lorca-Cabrera, J, Martí-Arques, R, Albacar-Riobóo, N, Raigal-Aran, L, Roldan-Merino, J, Ferré-Grau, C., Mobile Applications for Caregivers of Individuals with Chronic Conditions and/or Diseases: Quantitative Content Analysis (2020) Int J Med Inform, 145, p. 104310. , Nov 02;:. [doi] [Medline: 33161319]; Birkhoff, SD, Smeltzer, SC., Perceptions of Smartphone User-Centered Mobile Health Tracking Apps Across Various Chronic Illness Populations: An Integrative Review (2017) J Nurs Scholarsh, 49 (4), pp. 371-378. , Jul; [doi] [Medline: 28605151]; Camacho-Rivera, M, Vo, H, Huang, X, Lau, J, Lawal, A, Kawaguchi, A., Evaluating Asthma Mobile Apps to Improve Asthma Self-Management: User Ratings and Sentiment Analysis of Publicly Available Apps (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (10), p. e15076. , Oct 29; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33118944]; Villarreal, V, Berbey-Alvarez, A., Evaluation of mHealth Applications Related to Cardiovascular Diseases: a Systematic Review (2020) Acta Inform Med, 28 (2), pp. 130-137. , Jun; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32742066]; Buss, VH, Leesong, S, Barr, M, Varnfield, M, Harris, M., Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Mobile Health Technology: Systematic Review of the Literature (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (10), p. e21159. , Oct 29; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33118936]; Larbi, D, Randine, P, Årsand, E, Antypas, K, Bradway, M, Gabarron, E., Methods and Evaluation Criteria for Apps and Digital Interventions for Diabetes Self-Management: Systematic Review (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (7), p. e18480. , Jul 06; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32628125]; Widnall, E, Grant, CE, Wang, T, Cross, L, Velupillai, S, Roberts, A, User Perspectives of Mood-Monitoring Apps Available to Young People: Qualitative Content Analysis (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (10), p. e18140. , Oct 10; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 33037875] PY - 2020 SN - 22915222 (ISSN) ST - Attitudes toward using COVID-19 mHealth tools among adults with chronic health conditions: Secondary data analysis of the COVID-19 impact survey T2 - JMIR mHealth and uHealth TI - Attitudes toward using COVID-19 mHealth tools among adults with chronic health conditions: Secondary data analysis of the COVID-19 impact survey UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098073481&doi=10.2196%2f24693&partnerID=40&md5=c49d24c4f88d87e5e3e6dd0edbea3df8 VL - 8 ID - 257 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose: In the United States, over 2 million cases of COVID-19 cases have been identified and more than 100,000 lives have been lost. While COVID-19 related disparities among those with chronic conditions have been observed, research regarding the uptake of COVID-related preventive behaviors is scarce. Methods: We utilized data from a sample of 2190 U.S. adults from the COVID-19 Impact Survey to examine associations between the presence of underlying chronic health conditions and COVID-19-related preventive behaviors (e.g., use of face masks, hand washing, social distancing, etc.). We used multivariable logistic regression models to model associations between COVID-19 preventive behaviors across demographic and health characteristics. Results: Adults with cardiometabolic disease were more likely to report staying home because they felt unwell, compared with individuals without cardiometabolic disease. Individuals with underlying respiratory conditions were more likely to work from home, compared with individuals without a respiratory condition. Adults with immune conditions were twice more likely to report wearing a face mask when compared with individuals without immune conditions. Conclusion: This study provides U.S. national prevalence estimates and differences in adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviors among those with and without the presence of underlying chronic health conditions. The prevalence of key preventive measures was high in the overall sample. Yet, engagement in COVID-19-related preventive behaviors varied significantly across chronic disease conditions. Messages around continued maintenance of the behaviors should be reinforced. Study implications suggest a need for more targeted messaging and resources available for individuals with certain underlying chronic conditions. © Marlene Camacho-Rivera et al., 2020; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2020. AD - Department of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States University of North Carolina Lineberger Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Miami School of Nursing and Health Studies, Coral Gables, FL, United States AU - Camacho-Rivera, M. AU - Islam, J. Y. AU - Vidot, D. C. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1089/heq.2020.0031 IS - 1 J2 - Health Equity KW - chronic disease COVID-19 health disparities LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Camacho-Rivera, M.; Department of Community Health Sciences, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 43, United States; email: marlene.camacho-rivera@downstate.edu Funding details: 2T32CA116339-11 Funding details: FP7 Transport, 5S21MD012474-02 Funding text 1: Dr. Camacho-Rivera is supported by TRANSPORT— The Translational Program of Health Disparities Research Training (5S21MD012474-02). Dr. Islam is supported by UNCs Cancer Care Quality Training 2T32CA116339-11. References: (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Events As They Happen, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-asthey-happen, Accessed May 8, 2020; (2020) Cases in the U. S. J CDC, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html, Accessed June 12, 2020; (2020) Advice for Public, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public, Accessed May 8, 2020; (2020) How to Protect Yourself & Others J CDC, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html, Accessed May 8, 2020; Rosenfeld, D.L., Rothgerber, H., Wilson, T., Politicizing the COVID-19 pandemic: Ideological differences in adherence to social distancing (2020) PysArXiv, , 22 Apr 2020 web. [Epub ahead of print]; (2020) Americans Still Social Distancing, but Less Vigilant, , https://news.gallup.com/poll/309611/americans-social-distancing-lessvigilant.aspx, Accessed May 8, 2020; Laurencin, C.T., McClinton, A., The COVID-19 pandemic: A call to action to identify and address racial and ethnic disparities (2020) J Racial Ethn Health Disparities., 7, pp. 398-402; Shah, M., Sachdeva, M., Dodiuk-Gad, R.P., COVID-19 and racial disparities (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol., 83, p. e35; Fang, L., Karakiulakis, G., Roth, M., Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, p. e21; Hussain, A., Bhowmik, B., Cristina Do Vale Moreira, N., COVID-19 and diabetes: Knowledge in progress (2020) Diabetes Res Clin Pract., 162, p. 108142; Emami, A., Javanmardi, F., Pirbonyeh, N., Prevalence of underlying diseases in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Arch Acad Emerg Med., 8, p. e35; Wadhera, R.K., Wadhera, P., Gaba, P., Variation in COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths across New York City boroughs (2020) JAMA., 323, pp. 2192-2195; Garg, S., Kim, L., Whitaker, M., Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019-COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 69, pp. 458-464; Althouse, A.D., Adjust for multiple comparisons? It's not that simple (2016) Ann Thorac Surg., 101, pp. 1644-1645; (2020) No Adjustments Are Needed for Multiple Comparisons: Epidemiology, , https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Abstract/1990/01000/No_Adjustments_Are_Needed_for_Multiple_Comparisons.10.aspx, Accessed May 14, 2020; COVID-19: Underlying metabolic health in the spotlight (2020) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol., 8, p. 457. , The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology; Grasselli, G., Zangrillo, A., Zanella, A., Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region (2020) JAMA., 323, pp. 1574-1581. , Italy; Lighter, J., Phillips, M., Hochman, S., Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , [Epub ahead of print]; Dietz, W., Santos-Burgoa, C., Obesity and its implications for COVID-19 mortality (2020) Obesity (Silver Spring)., 28, p. 1005; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area (2020) JAMA., 323, pp. 2052-2059; Webb Hooper, M., Nápoles, A.M., Pérez-Stable, E.J., COVID-19 and racial/ ethnic disparities (2020) JAMA, , Epub ahead of print; Yancy, C.W., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) JAMA, , Epub ahead of print; Ross, J., Diaz, C.M., Starrels, J.L., The disproportionate burden of COVID-19 for immigrants in the Bronx, New York (2020) JAMA Intern Med, , Epub ahead of print; Ahmed, F., Ahmed, N., Pissarides, C., Why inequality could spread COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Public Health., 5, p. e240; NúñEz, A., Madison, M., Schiavo, R., Responding to healthcare disparities and challenges with access to care during COVID-19 (2020) Health Equity., 4, pp. 117-128; Madjid, M., Safavi-Naeini, P., Solomon, S.D., Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: A review (2020) JAMA Cardiol, , Epub ahead of print PY - 2020 SN - 24731242 (ISSN) SP - 336-344 ST - Associations between chronic health conditions and COVID-19 preventive behaviors among a nationally representative sample of U.S. Adults: An analysis of the COVID impact survey T2 - Health Equity TI - Associations between chronic health conditions and COVID-19 preventive behaviors among a nationally representative sample of U.S. Adults: An analysis of the COVID impact survey UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090035318&doi=10.1089%2fheq.2020.0031&partnerID=40&md5=60afa265402f90ebd15a16398d375754 VL - 4 ID - 421 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Few studies have documented rural community pharmacy disaster preparedness. Objectives: To: (1) describe rural community pharmacies’ preparedness for and responses to COVID-19 and (2) examine whether responses vary by level of pharmacy rurality. Methods: A convenience sample of rural community pharmacists completed an online survey (62% response rate) that assessed: (a) demographic characteristics; (b) COVID-19 information source use; (c) interest in COVID-19 testing; (d) infection control procedures; (e) disaster preparedness training, and (f) medication supply impacts. Descriptive statistics were calculated and differences by pharmacy rurality were explored. Results: Pharmacists used the CDC (87%), state health departments (77%), and state pharmacy associations (71%) for COVID-19 information, with half receiving conflicting information. Most pharmacists (78%) were interested in offering COVID-19 testing but needed personal protective equipment and training to do so. Only 10% had received disaster preparedness training in the past five years. Although 73% had disaster preparedness plans, 27% were deemed inadequate for the pandemic. Nearly 70% experienced negative impacts in medication supply. There were few differences by rurality level. Conclusion: Rural pharmacies may be better positioned to respond to pandemics if they had disaster preparedness training, updated disaster preparedness plans, and received regular policy guidance from professional bodies. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States Departments of Pharmacy Practice and Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesAR, United States AU - Carpenter, D. M. AU - Hastings, T. AU - Westrick, S. AU - Rosenthal, M. AU - Mashburn, P. AU - Kiser, S. AU - Shepherd, J. G. AU - Curran, G. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.10.008 J2 - Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm. KW - Community pharmacies COVID-19 Disaster preparedness Rural health LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Carpenter, D.M.; Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, United States; email: dmcarpenter@unc.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, UL1TR002489 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS Funding details: Eshelman Institute for Innovation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Funding details: Translational Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, TRI, UAMS, UL1 TR003107 Funding text 1: The project described was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, through Grant Award Number UL1TR002489 and the Eshelman Institute for Innovation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Dr. Curran was supported by the Translational Research Institute (TRI), UL1 TR003107, through the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Funding text 2: The project described was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) , National Institutes of Health , through Grant Award Number UL1TR002489 and the Eshelman Institute for Innovation . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Dr. Curran was supported by the Translational Research Institute (TRI) , UL1 TR003107 , through the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (NIH ). References: Knapp, K.K., Paavola, F.G., Maine, L.L., Sorofman, B., Politzer, R.M., Availability of primary care providers and pharmacists in the United States (1996) J Am Pharmaceut Assoc, 39 (2), pp. 127-135. , 1999; Lin, S.-J., Access to community pharmacies by the elderly in Illinois: a geographic information systems analysis (2004) J Med Syst, 28 (3), pp. 301-309; Casey, M.M., Klingner, J., Moscovice, I., Pharmacy services in rural areas: is the problem geographic access or financial access? (2002) J Rural Health, 18 (3), pp. 467-477; Qato, D.M., Zenk, S., Wilder, J., Harrington, R., Gaskin, D., Alexander, G.C., The availability of pharmacies in the United States: 2007–2015 (2017) PloS One, 12 (8); Cadogan, C.A., Hughes, C.M., On the frontline against COVID-19: community pharmacists' contribution during a public health crisis (2020) Res Soc Adm Pharm, , Epub ahead of print: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.03.015; Hedima, E.W., Adeyemi, M.S., Ikunaiye, N.Y., Community pharmacists: on the frontline of health service against COVID-19 (2020) Res Soc Adm Pharm, , Epub ahead of print:; Henkel, P.J., Marvanova, M., Basic disaster preparedness of rural community pharmacies in 5 states (2019) Disaster Med Public Health Prep, pp. 1-6; United States Department of Agriculture, Rural-urban commuting area codes https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-commuting-area-codes.aspx, Updated October 12, 2016. Accessed February 28, 2019; Strauss, A., Corbin, J., Basics of qualitative research: procedures and techniques for developing grounded theory (1998) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage PY - 2020 SN - 15517411 (ISSN) ST - Rural community pharmacies’ preparedness for and responses to COVID-19 T2 - Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy TI - Rural community pharmacies’ preparedness for and responses to COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093929008&doi=10.1016%2fj.sapharm.2020.10.008&partnerID=40&md5=1953aa711676ce026292c54d7952f5b1 ID - 547 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Duke University, Durham, NC, United States University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Cavalier, J. S. AU - Maguire, J. M. AU - Kamal, A. H. C2 - 32835829 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.08.020 IS - 5 J2 - J. Pain Symptom Manage. KW - advance care planning conversation coronavirus disease 2019 doctor patient relationship human informed consent Letter medical documentation patient preference shared decision making Coronavirus infection pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JPSME References: Conoravirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard. World Health Organization https://covid19.who.int/, Available from (Accessed 6 August 2020); Schellinger, S., Sidebottom, A., Briggs, L., Disease specific advance care planning for heart failure patients: implementation in a large health system (2011) J Palliat Med, 14, pp. 1224-1230; Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 475-481; Mao, L., Jin, H., Wang, M., Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Neurol, 77, pp. 1-9; COVID ready communication playbook. VitalTalk COVID Resources (2020), https://www.vitaltalk.org/guides/covid-19-communication-skills/, p. 1–12. Available from (Accessed 6 August 2020)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091034997&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpainsymman.2020.08.020&partnerID=40&md5=3c929b05851fc73b2308a5e18ed3a351 PY - 2020 SN - 08853924 (ISSN) SP - e4-e6 ST - Beyond Traditional Advance Care Planning: Tailored Preparedness for COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Pain and Symptom Management TI - Beyond Traditional Advance Care Planning: Tailored Preparedness for COVID-19 VL - 60 ID - 305 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States ICAP, Columbia University, New York, United States London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom AU - Celum, C. AU - Barnabas, R. AU - Cohen, M. S. AU - Collier, A. AU - El‑Sadr, W. AU - Holmes, K. K. AU - Johnston, C. AU - Piot, P. C2 - 33027565 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMp2022269 IS - 19 J2 - New Engl. J. Med. KW - antiretrovirus agent chloroquine Ebola vaccine Human immunodeficiency virus vaccine hydroxychloroquine remdesivir SARS-CoV-2 vaccine behavior change clinical decision making clinical outcome clinical research clinical trial (topic) coronavirus disease 2019 disease course drug design drug efficacy drug repositioning Ebola hemorrhagic fever economic aspect Germany government health auxiliary health care personnel health literacy home quarantine Hong Kong human Human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro study infection prevention intersectoral collaboration life threat medical expert mortality rate pandemic post exposure prophylaxis pre-exposure prophylaxis preclinical study preliminary data primary prevention priority journal public health scientist Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Short Survey social aspect social distancing therapy effect United States virus infectivity virus inhibition virus shedding virus transmission Coronavirus infection history virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola History, 20th Century HIV Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Short Survey N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NEJMA Chemicals/CAS: chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3 References: Pan, D., Sze, S., Minhas, J.S., The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review (2020) EClinical Medicine, 23, p. 100404; Cohen, M.S., Corey, L., Combination prevention for COVID-19 (2020) Science, 368, p. 551; Beigel, J.H., Tomashek, K.M., Dodd, L.E., Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 N Engl J Med; Mehra, M.R., Desai, S.S., Ruschitzka, F., Patel, A.N., Retracted: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: A multinational registry analysis (2020) Lancet, , May 22 Epub ahead of print; Mehra, M.R., Desai, S.S., Kuy, S., Henry, T.D., Patel, A.N., Retracted: Cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (25), p. e102 PY - 2020 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) SP - E106 ST - Covid-19, Ebola, and HIV — Leveraging lessons to maximize impact T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - Covid-19, Ebola, and HIV — Leveraging lessons to maximize impact UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095446235&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMp2022269&partnerID=40&md5=fcfc53ad1983f136b1d43fbd6279329a VL - 383 ID - 293 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Huntsville Regional Medical Campus, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill ,North Carolina (A.M.K.) University of California, San Francisco, Mexico AU - Centor, R. M. AU - Kumfer, A. M. AU - Shekarchian, S. C2 - 32574072 DB - Scopus DO - 10.7326/A19-0033 IS - 1 J2 - Ann. Intern. Med. KW - Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection health care delivery human organization and management pandemic publication virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Delivery of Health Care Humans Pandemics Periodicals as Topic Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 15393704 (ISSN) SP - OC1 ST - Annals On Call - Clinical Reasoning and COVID-19 Part 2 T2 - Annals of internal medicine TI - Annals On Call - Clinical Reasoning and COVID-19 Part 2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088207870&doi=10.7326%2fA19-0033&partnerID=40&md5=6072cadf86cf18b072e588cef1cae915 VL - 173 ID - 448 ER - TY - JOUR AB - An understanding of protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for vaccine and public health strategies aimed at ending the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A key unanswered question is whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in protective immunity against reexposure. We developed a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and observed that macaques had high viral loads in the upper and lower respiratory tract, humoral and cellular immune responses, and pathologic evidence of viral pneumonia. After the initial viral clearance, animals were rechallenged with SARS-CoV-2 and showed 5 log10 reductions in median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal mucosa compared with after the primary infection. Anamnestic immune responses after rechallenge suggested that protection was mediated by immunologic control. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced protective immunity against reexposure in nonhuman primates. © 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. AD - Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA 01536, United States Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States Oregon Health & Sciences University, Beaverton, OR 97006, United States University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States Bioqual, Rockville, MD 20852, United States Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02215, United States Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States AU - Chandrashekar, A. AU - Liu, J. AU - Martino, A. J. AU - McMahan, K. AU - Mercad, N. B. AU - Peter, L. AU - Tostanosk, L. H. AU - Yu, J. AU - Maliga, Z. AU - Nekorchuk, M. AU - Busman-Sahay, K. AU - Terry, M. AU - Wriji, L. M. AU - Ducat, S. AU - Martine, D. R. AU - Atyeo, C. AU - Fischinger, S. AU - Burk, J. S. AU - Slei, M. D. AU - Pessaint, L. AU - Van Ry, A. AU - Greenhouse, J. AU - Taylor, T. AU - Blade, K. AU - Cook, A. AU - Finneyfrock, B. AU - Brown, R. AU - Teow, E. AU - Velasco, J. AU - Zahn, R. AU - Wegmann, F. AU - Abbink, P. AU - Bondzi, E. A. AU - Dagotto, G. AU - Gebr, M. S. AU - He, X. AU - Jacob-Dolan, C. AU - Kordana, N. AU - Li, Z. AU - Lifto, M. A. AU - Mahrokhia, S. H. AU - Maxfiel, L. F. AU - Nityanandam, R. AU - Nkolol, J. P. AU - Schmid, A. G. AU - Mille, A. D. AU - Bari, R. S. AU - Alter, G. AU - Sorge, P. K. AU - Este, J. D. AU - Andersen, H. AU - Lewi, M. G. AU - Barou, D. H. C2 - 32434946 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/science.abc4776 IS - 6505 J2 - Sci. KW - virus antibody virus RNA coronavirus spike glycoprotein neutralizing antibody spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 drug development immune response immunity infectivity medicine primate public health respiratory disease viral disease virus antibody response Article CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte cellular immunity coronavirus disease 2019 disease course human humoral immunity immunohistochemistry immunology immunophenotyping inflammatory cell interstitial pneumonia lower respiratory tract lung infiltrate lung lavage neutrophil chemotaxis nonhuman nose mucosa priority journal rhesus monkey Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 upper respiratory tract viral clearance virion virology virus cell interaction virus load virus neutralization virus pneumonia virus replication animal Betacoronavirus blood bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Coronavirus infection disease model female immunological memory interstitial lung disease lung male pandemic pathology physiology recurrent disease Animalia Coronavirus Macaca Macaca mulatta Primates SARS coronavirus Animals Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Coronavirus Infections Disease Models, Animal Immunity, Cellular Immunity, Humoral Immunologic Memory Lung Diseases, Interstitial Nasal Mucosa Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Recurrence Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Viral Load LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :228 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SCIEA Correspondence Address: Barou, D.H.; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, United States; email: dbarouch@bidmc.harvard.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 References: Wu, F., (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269; Zhou, P., (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Holshue, M. L., (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 929-936; Li, Q., (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 1199-1207; Zhu, N., (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 727-733; Chen, N., (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513; Huang, C., (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Chan, J. F., (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 514-523; Wölfel, R., (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Yang, Z. Y., (2004) Nature, 428, pp. 561-564; Scobey, T., (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Yount, B., (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 100, pp. 12995-13000; Chung, A. W., (2015) Cell, 163, pp. 988-998; Deleage, C., (2016) JCI Insight, 1, p. e87065; Deleage, C., (2016) Pathog. Immun, 1, pp. 68-106; Lin, J. R., (2018) eLife, 7, p. e31657; Altfeld, M., (2002) Nature, 420, pp. 434-439; Callow, K. A., Parry, H. F., Sergeant, M., Tyrrell, D. A., (1990) Epidemiol. Infect, 105, pp. 435-446; Immunity passports' in the context of COVID-19 Scientific Brief, , https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/immunity-passports-inthe-context-of-covid-19, World Health Organization, 24 April 2020; Rockx, B., (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1012-1015 PY - 2020 SN - 00368075 (ISSN) SP - 812-817 ST - SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques T2 - Science TI - SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086120411&doi=10.1126%2fscience.abc4776&partnerID=40&md5=97e1edae3fbd8d500233ae5b7f68c667 VL - 369 ID - 410 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Many studies have modeled and predicted the spread of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in the U.S. using data that begins with the first reported cases. However, the shortage of testing services to detect infected persons makes this approach subject to error due to its underdetection of early cases in the U.S. Our new approach overcomes this limitation and provides data supporting the public policy decisions intended to combat the spread of COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data documenting the daily new and cumulative cases of confirmed COVID-19 in the U.S. from January 22 to April 6, 2020, and reconstructed the epidemic using a 5-parameter logistic growth model. We fitted our model to data from a 2-week window (i.e., from March 21 to April 4, approximately one incubation period) during which large-scale testing was being conducted. With parameters obtained from this modeling, we reconstructed and predicted the growth of the epidemic and evaluated the extent and potential effects of underdetection. Results: The data fit the model satisfactorily. The estimated daily growth rate was 16.8% overall with 95% CI: [15.95, 17.76%], suggesting a doubling period of 4 days. Based on the modeling result, the tipping point at which new cases will begin to decline will be on April 7th, 2020, with a peak of 32,860 new cases on that day. By the end of the epidemic, at least 792,548 (95% CI: [789,162, 795,934]) will be infected in the U.S. Based on our model, a total of 12,029 cases were not detected between January 22 (when the first case was detected in the U.S.) and April 4. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the utility of a 5-parameter logistic growth model with reliable data that comes from a specified period during which governmental interventions were appropriately implemented. Beyond informing public health decision-making, our model adds a tool for more faithfully capturing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. © 2020, The Author(s). AD - School of Social Work, University of North Carolina, Tate-Turner Kuralt Building 548-C, CB #3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States Department of Statistics and Data Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States AU - Chen, D. G. AU - Chen, X. AU - Chen, J. K. C7 - 25 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1186/s41256-020-00152-5 IS - 1 J2 - Glob. Health. Res. Policy KW - COVID-19 Disease dynamics Epidemics Logistic growth model Population-based model Prediction Reconstruction Tipping point Under-detection USA LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Chen, D.-G.; Department of Statistics, South Africa; email: dinchen@email.unc.edu References: Chen, X., Li, H., Lucero-Prisno, D., Abdullah, A., Huang, J., Laurence, C., What is global health? Key concepts and clarification of misperceptions: report of the 2019 GHRP editorial meeting (2020) Glob Health Res Policy, 5. , (,)., https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00142-7; Huang, Y., Yang, L., Dai, H., Tian, F., Chen, K., Epidemic situation and forecasting of COVID-19 in and outside China (2020) Bull World Health Organ, , https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.255158, [Epub ahead of print]; Richards, F.J., A flexible growth function for empirical use (1959) J Exp Bot, 10 (2), pp. 290-301; McIntosh, R.P., (1985) The background of ecology, , Cambridge University Press, New York; Renshaw, E., (1991) Modeling biological populations in space and time, , Cambridge University Press, New York; Kingsland, S.E., (1995) Modeling nature: episodes in the history of population ecology, , University of Chicago Press, Chicago; Vandermeer, J., How populations grow: the exponential and logistic equations (2010) Nature Education Knowledge, 3 (10), p. 15. , https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/how-populations-grow-the-exponential-and-logistic-13240157/, [cited 2020 Apr 23]. Available from: https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/how-populations-grow-the-exponential-and-logistic-13240157/; Gottschalk, P.G., Dunn, J.R., The five-parameter logistic: a characterization and comparison with the four-parameter logistic (2005) Anal Biochem, 343 (1), pp. 54-65; Motulsky, H.J., Brown, R.E., Assessing the (a) symmetry of concentration-effect curves: empirical versus mechanistic models (2006) BMC Bioinformatics, 7, p. 123; Chen, X., Yu, B., First two months of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in China: real-time surveillance and evaluation with a second derivative model (2020) Glob Health Res Policy, 5. , (,)., https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00137-4; (2020) Cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the U.S, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html, [cited 2020, Apr 7]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html; (2020) New cases of COVID-19 in world countries, , https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/new-cases, [cited 2020, Apr 22]. Available from: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/new-cases; Ferguson, N.L., Laydon, D., Nedjati-Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M., (2020) Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (Npis) to Reduce COVID-19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand: WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling, MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, , https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-NPI-modelling-16-03-2020.pdf, Imperial College London;, Accessed 12 Apr 2020; Danner, C., (2020) CDC’s Worst-Case Coronavirus Model: 214 Million Infected, 1.7 Million Dead, , https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2020/03/cdcs-worst-case-coronavirus-model-210m-infected-1-7m-dead.html, New York Intelligencer, [cited 2020, Apr 12]; Available from PY - 2020 SN - 23970642 (ISSN) ST - Reconstructing and forecasting the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States using a 5-parameter logistic growth model T2 - Global Health Research and Policy TI - Reconstructing and forecasting the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States using a 5-parameter logistic growth model UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103350686&doi=10.1186%2fs41256-020-00152-5&partnerID=40&md5=ba432e268e5cd3f26b72fb713e80811b VL - 5 ID - 250 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Timber Ridge Treatment Center, Gold Hill, NC, United States AU - Chepke, C. DB - Scopus IS - 5 J2 - Curr. Psychiatry KW - esketamine long acting drug neuroleptic agent administrative personnel coronavirus disease 2019 depression emergency ward human medication therapy management Note pandemic psychiatrist risk evaluation and mitigation strategy telepsychiatry terrorism virus transmission LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Chepke, C.; University of North Carolina, United States Chemicals/CAS: esketamine, 33643-46-8, 33643-47-9 PY - 2020 SN - 15378276 (ISSN) SP - 29-30 ST - Drive-up pharmacotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Current Psychiatry TI - Drive-up pharmacotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090992270&partnerID=40&md5=31b5f98eaae19764dc381065f146841a VL - 19 ID - 505 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Radiation Medicine, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success NY and Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, United States AU - Chera, B. S. AU - Potters, L. AU - Marks, L. B. C2 - 32888525 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.prro.2020.07.001 IS - 5 J2 - Pract. Radiat. Oncol. KW - clinical effectiveness coronavirus disease 2019 Editorial health care quality human medical decision making medical record medical society medical staff methodology multidisciplinary team palliative therapy patient safety peer review prescription priority journal quality control radiation oncology radiotherapy responsibility simulation teaching round three-dimensional imaging treatment planning United States videoconferencing x-ray computed tomography LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Chera, B.S.; Department of Radiation Oncology, United States; email: bchera@med.unc.edu References: Marks, L.B., Adams, R.D., Pawlicki, T., Enhancing the role of case-oriented peer review to improve quality and safety in radiation oncology: Executive summary (2013) Pract Radiat Oncol, 3, pp. 149-156; Talcott, W.J., Lincoln, H., Kelly, J.R., A blinded, prospective study of error detection during physician chart rounds in radiation oncology (2020) Pract Radiat Oncol, 10, pp. 312-320; Brunskill, K., Nguyen, T.K., Boldt, R.G., Does peer review of radiation plans affect clinical care? A systematic review of the literature (2017) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 97, pp. 27-34; Ballo, M.T., Chronowski, G.M., Schlembach, P.J., Bloom, E.S., Arzu, I.Y., Kuban, D.A., Prospective peer review quality assurance for outpatient radiation therapy (2014) Pract Radiat Oncol, 4, pp. 279-284; Boxer, M., Forstner, D., Kneebone, A., Impact of a real-time peer review audit on patient management in a radiation oncology department (2009) J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol, 53, pp. 405-411; Brundage, M.D., Dixon, P.F., Mackillop, W.J., A real-time audit of radiation therapy in a regional cancer center (1999) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 43, pp. 115-124; Lefresne, S., Olivotto, I.A., Joe, H., Blood, P.A., Olson, R.A., Impact of quality assurance rounds in a Canadian radiation therapy department (2013) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 85, pp. e117-e121; Lo, A.C., Liu, M., Chan, E., The impact of peer review of volume delineation in stereotactic body radiation therapy planning for primary lung cancer: A multicenter quality assurance study (2014) J Thorac Oncol, 9, pp. 527-533; Matuszak, M.M., Hadley, S.W., Feng, M., Enhancing safety and quality through preplanning peer review for patients undergoing stereotactic body radiation therapy (2016) Pract Radiat Oncol, 6, pp. e39-e46; Rouette, J., Gutierrez, E., O'Donnell, J., Directly improving the quality of radiation treatment through peer review: A cross-sectional analysis of cancer centers across a provincial cancer program (2017) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 98, pp. 521-529; Thaker, N.G., Sturdevant, L., Jhingran, A., Assessing the quality of a radiation oncology case-based, peer-review program in an integrated academic and community cancer center network (2016) J Oncol Pract, 12, pp. e476-e486; Walker, G.V., Shirvani, S.M., Borghero, Y., Palliation or prolongation? The impact of a peer-review intervention on shortening radiotherapy schedules for bone metastases (2018) J Oncol Pract, 14, pp. e513-e516; Walburn, T., Wang, K., Sud, S., A prospective analysis of radiation oncologist compliance with early peer review recommendations (2019) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 104, pp. 494-500; Bogadanich, W., Radiation offers new cures and ways to do harm (2010), Section A, 1 New York Times; Chera, B.S., Mazur, L., Jackson, M., Quantification of the impact of multifaceted initiatives intended to improve operational efficiency and the safety culture: A case study from an academic medical center radiation oncology department (2014) Pract Radiat Oncol, 4, pp. e101-e108; Cox, B.W., Kapur, A., Sharma, A., Prospective contouring rounds: A novel, high-impact tool for optimizing quality assurance (2015) Pract Radiat Oncol, 5, pp. e431-e436; Cox, B.W., Teckie, S., Kapur, A., Chou, H., Potters, L., Prospective peer review in radiation therapy treatment planning: Long-term results from a longitudinal study (2020) Pract Radiat Oncol, 10, pp. e199-e206; Riegel, A.C., Vaccarelli, M., Cox, B.W., Chou, H., Cao, Y., Potters, L., Impact of multi-institutional prospective peer review on target and organ-at-risk delineation in radiation therapy (2019) Pract Radiat Oncol, 9, pp. e228-e235 PY - 2020 SN - 18798500 (ISSN) SP - 321-323 ST - Restructuring Our Approach to Peer Review: A Critical Need to Improve the Quality and Safety of Radiation Therapy T2 - Practical Radiation Oncology TI - Restructuring Our Approach to Peer Review: A Critical Need to Improve the Quality and Safety of Radiation Therapy UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089805612&doi=10.1016%2fj.prro.2020.07.001&partnerID=40&md5=02d21e4e111c1a23ee0dcb71dde3854c VL - 10 ID - 384 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Starting with the power law for the total number of detected infections, we propose differential equations describing the effect of momentum epidemic management. Our 2-phase formula matches very well the curves of the total numbers of the Covid-19 infection in many countries; the first phase is described by Bessel functions. It provides projections for the saturation, assuming that the management is steady. We discuss Austria, Brazil, Germany, Japan, India, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, and the USA, including some analysis of the second waves. © 2020 AD - Department of Mathematics, UNC Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, United States AU - Cherednik, I. C7 - 110234 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110234 J2 - Chaos Solitons Fractals KW - Bessel functions Epidemic psychology Epidemic spread Binary alloys Differential equations Potassium alloys Austria Management IS Netherlands Power-law Switzerland Uranium alloys LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CSFOE Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF, 1901796, DMS–1901796 Funding details: Simons Foundation, SF Funding text 1: Partially supported by NSF grant DMS?1901796 and the Simons Foundation. Funding text 2: Partially supported by NSF grant DMS–1901796 and the Simons Foundation . References: Carrasco-Hernandez, R., Jácome, R., Vidal, Y.L., de León, S.P., Are RNA viruses candidate agents for the next global pandemic? A review (2017) ILAR J, 58 (3), pp. 343-358; Castro, M., López-Garcia, M., Lythe, G., First passage events in biological systems with non-exponential inter-event times (2018) Sci Rep, 8 (15054); Cherednik I. Artificial intelligence approach to momentum risk-taking. 2019. (q-fin). arXiv:; Cherednik I. A surprising formula for the spread of covid-19 under aggressive management. 2020., Preprint: medRxiv; Cheridito, P., Mixed fractional Brownian motion (2001) Bernoulli, 7, pp. 913-934; Cobey, S., Modeling infectious disease dynamics (2020) Science, (24 Apr.); Hethcote, H., The mathematics of infectious diseases (2000) SIAM Rev, 42 (4), pp. 599-653; Hethcote, H., Levin, S., Periodicity in epidemiological models (1989) Applied mathematical ecology. Biomathematics, 18, pp. 193-211. , Levin S. Hallam T. Gross L. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg; Katori M. Bessel process, Schramm-Loewner evolution, and Dyson model. 2011. arXiv:; Meyer, S., Held, L., Power-law models for infectious disease spread (2014) Ann Appl Stat, 8 (3), pp. 1612-1639; Strong, P., Epidemic psychology: a model (1990) Sociol Health Illness, 12 (3), pp. 249-259; Watson, G.N., A treatise on the theory of bessel functions (1944), 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press CambridgeUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092078789&doi=10.1016%2fj.chaos.2020.110234&partnerID=40&md5=b199941f816f678676c72c6c63e6e9c1 PY - 2020 SN - 09600779 (ISSN) ST - Momentum managing epidemic spread and Bessel functions T2 - Chaos, Solitons and Fractals TI - Momentum managing epidemic spread and Bessel functions VL - 139 ID - 340 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This statement was released in June 2020 by the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine to provide guidance for the 2020-2021 residency application cycle in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. While many of the recommendations are specific to this cycle, others, such as the Department Summary Letter of Evaluation, are meant to be an enduring change to the internal medicine residency application process. AAIM realizes that some schools may not yet have the tools or resources to implement the template fully this cycle and look toward collaboration within the internal medicine education community to facilitate adoption in the cycles to come. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States Department of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ, United States Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony BrookNY, United States Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, United States Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina College of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of MedicineAL, United States AU - Chretien, K. C. AU - Raj, J. M. AU - Abraham, R. A. AU - Aronowitz, P. AU - Astiz, D. J. AU - Chheda, S. G. AU - Esquivel, E. L. AU - Garcia, M. M. AU - Ismail, N. AU - Lane, S. AU - McLaughlin, S. E. AU - Pereira, A. AU - Shaheen, A. W. AU - Spencer, A. L. AU - Tartaglia, K. M. AU - Willett, L. L. C2 - 32659220 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.06.002 IS - 10 J2 - Am. J. Med. KW - COVID-19 pandemic Graduate medical education Residency application cycle Student advising Undergraduate medical education coronavirus disease 2019 educational status human internal medicine interview medical school medical society medical student Note pandemic priority journal residency education virtual learning environment Coronavirus infection job finding medical education organization and management virus pneumonia writing Coronavirus Infections Correspondence as Topic Humans Internship and Residency Job Application Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJMEA Correspondence Address: Chretien, K.C.2300 Eye Street, NW, Ross Hall 708E, United States; email: kchretie@gwu.edu References: Lang, V.J., Aboff, B.M., Bordley, D.R., Call, S., DeZee, K.J., Fazio, S.B., Fitz, M., Wayne, D.B., Guidelines for writing department of medicine summary letters (2013) Am J Med, 126 (5), pp. 458-463 PY - 2020 SN - 00029343 (ISSN) SP - 1223-1226.e6 ST - AAIM Recommendations for the 2020-2021 Internal Medicine Residency Application Cycle in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic T2 - American Journal of Medicine TI - AAIM Recommendations for the 2020-2021 Internal Medicine Residency Application Cycle in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089148461&doi=10.1016%2fj.amjmed.2020.06.002&partnerID=40&md5=18ec3ca7c849683542037700e702ed97 VL - 133 ID - 353 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Because of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, “Circuit-breaker” safety distancing was implemented in Singapore from April to May 2020. Schools and workplaces were closed and parents had to balance telecommuting with parenting responsibilities. Coupled with the high degree of economic uncertainty and reduced social support, these circumstances are hypothesized to increase parenting stress. Based on the Parental Stress Model, this study aims to understand how parents’ perceived impact of COVID-19 increased harsh parenting and reduced parent-child relationship closeness through the mediating effects of parenting stress. We collected data from 258 parents living in Singapore using online surveys disseminated through Facebook and community organizations. Our predictor was the perceived impact of COVID-19. Parental stress (mediator) was measured with the Parental Stress Scale. Two outcomes were used: parent-child relationship closeness and harsh parenting (spanking, yelling). Using mediation analysis in the SEM framework, we tested the indirect effects using bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals. Our results indicated that parenting stress was a significant mediator in the relationship between the perceived impact of COVID-19 and (a) parent-child closeness (indirect effect = −.30, Bootstrap 99% CI[−.59, −.11]) and (b) harsh parenting (indirect effect =.58, Bootstrap 99% CI[.25,.94]). The impact of COVID-19 and stay-home orders can increase parenting stress. This, in turn, has a negative impact on parenting by affecting parents’ relationship with their children and increasing the use of harsh parenting. Given that these are risk factors for potential child abuse, supporting parents and mitigating the impact of COVID-19 are important. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. AD - School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro Street CB# 3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, United States Department of Social Work, National University of Singapore, BLK AS3 Level 4, 3 Arts Link Singapore, Singapore, 117570, Singapore AU - Chung, G. AU - Lanier, P. AU - Wong, P. Y. J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s10896-020-00200-1 J2 - J. Fam. Violence KW - Coronavirus (COVID-19) Harsh parenting Parental stress Relationship Singapore LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Chung, G.; School of Social Work, Tate-Turner-Kuralt Building, 325 Pittsboro Street CB# 3550, United States; email: gcsk1982@live.unc.edu References: Abidin, R.R., The determinants of parenting behavior (1992) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 21 (4), pp. 407-412; Agrawal, N., The Coronavirus Could Cause a Child Abuse Epidemic (2020) The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/opinion/coronavirus-child-abuse.html; Azhari, A., Leck, W.Q., Gabrieli, G., Bizzego, A., Rigo, P., Setoh, P., Bornstein, M.H., Esposito, G., Parenting stress undermines mother-child brain-to-brain synchrony: A Hyperscanning study (2019) Scientific Reports, 9 (1), pp. 1-9; User’s guide for the fragile families and child wellbeing study public data (2018) Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research, , https://fragilefamilies.princeton.edu/sites/fragilefamilies/files/year_3_guide.pdf; Berkovits, M.D., O’Brien, K.A., Carter, C.G., Eyberg, S.M., Early identification and intervention for behavior problems in primary care: A comparison of two abbreviated versions of parent-child interaction therapy (2010) Behavior Therapy, 41 (3), pp. 375-387; Berry, J.O., Jones, W.H., The parental stress scale: Initial psychometric evidence (1995) Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 12 (3), pp. 463-472; Bornstein, M.H., Putnick, D.L., Suwalsky, J.T.D., Parenting cognitions → parenting practices → child adjustment? The standard model (2018) Development and Psychopathology, 30 (2), pp. 399-416; Brooks, S.K., Webster, R.K., Smith, L.E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., Rubin, G.J., The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10227), pp. 912-920; Brooks-Gunn, J., Schneider, W., Waldfogel, J., The great recession and the risk for child maltreatment (2013) Child Abuse & Neglect, 37 (10), pp. 721-729; Brown, S.M., Doom, J., Watamura, S., Lechuga-Pena, S., Koppels, T., (2020) Stress and Parenting during the Global COVID-19 Pandemic [preprint], , https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ucezm, PsyArXiv; Campbell, A.M., An increasing risk of family violence during the Covid-19 pandemic: Strengthening community collaborations to save lives (2020) Forensic Science International: Reports, 2, p. 100089; Chang, L., Schwartz, D., Dodge, K.A., McBride-Chang, C., Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression (2003) Journal of Family Psychology, 17 (4), pp. 598-606; (2020) MSF Keeping “close watch” on Domestic Abuse Cases as More Reach out for Help over Circuit Breaker Period, , https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-msf-domestic-abuse-violence-cases-circuit-breaker-12671330, Channel News Asia; (2020) PM Lee’s Address on Enhanced Measures to Deal with COVID-19 Situation in Singapore, , https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-lee-hsien-loong-update-address-nation-tv-12606328, Channel News Asia; Singapore to exit circuit breaker on Jun 1, visiting of parents, places of worship allowed with restrictions (2020) CNA, , https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/singapore-exit-circuit-breaker-jun-1-visit-parents-worship-12749222, (c); (2020) Psychology, podiatry and other allied health services re-classified as essential under COVID-19 circuit breaker: MOH, , https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/coronavirus-covid-19-health-essential-services-therapy-rehab-12683960, (d), CNA; Cheng, I., (2020) COVID-19 Budget: What You Need to Know about the Resilience Budget Measures, , https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid19-coronavirus-budget-5-things-heng-swee-keat-12579156, CNA; Cheung, S.-K., Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the parental stress scale (2000) Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 43, pp. 253-261; Chng, G.S., Li, D., Chu, C.M., Ong, T., Lim, F., Family profiles of maltreated children in Singapore: A latent class analysis (2018) Child Abuse & Neglect, 79, pp. 465-475; Chung, G., Phillips, J., Jensen, T.M., Lanier, P., Parental involvement and adolescents’ academic achievement: Latent profiles of mother and father warmth as a moderating influence (2020) Family Process, 59 (2), pp. 772-788; Chung, G., Chan, X.W., Lanier, P., Ju, P.W.Y., (2020) Associations between Work-Family Balance, Parenting Stress, and Marital Conflicts during COVID-19 Pandemic in Singapore [Preprint], , https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/nz9s8, (b); Cluver, L., Lachman, J.M., Sherr, L., Wessels, I., Krug, E., Rakotomalala, S., Blight, S., McDonald, K., Parenting in a time of COVID-19 (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10231); Conway, L.G., Woodard, S.R., Zubrod, A., (2020) Social Psychological Measurements of COVID-19: Coronavirus Perceived Threat, Government Response, Impacts, and Experiences Questionnaires, , https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/z2x9a; Coyne, L.W., Gould, E.R., Grimaldi, M., Wilson, K.G., Baffuto, G., Biglan, A., First Things First: Parent Psychological Flexibility and Self-Compassion During COVID-19 [preprint] (2020) Open Science Framework, , https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/pyge2; Crnic, K.A., Gaze, C., Hoffman, C., Cumulative parenting stress across the preschool period: Relations to maternal parenting and child behaviour at age 5 (2005) Infant and Child Development, 14 (2), pp. 117-132; Deater-Deckard, K., Parenting stress and child adjustment: Some old hypotheses and new questions (1998) Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5 (3), pp. 314-332; (2019) Population Trends, 2019, , Ministry of Trade & Industry; (2020) Average and Median Monthly Household Income from Work (Including Employer CPF Contributions) Among Resident and Resident Employed Households, , 2000—2019; Driscoll, K., Pianta, R.C., Mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions of conflict and closeness in parent-child relationships during early childhood (2011) Journal of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology, 7, pp. 1-24. , . ProQuest Central; Eltanamly, H., Leijten, P., Jak, S., Overbeek, G., Parenting in times of War: A Meta-Analysis and Qualitative Synthesis of War Exposure, Parenting, and Child Adjustment (2019) Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, , &, (,).,.,., https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019833001; Fontanesi, L., Marchetti, D., Mazza, C., Di Giandomenico, S., Roma, P., Verrocchio, M.C., The effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on parents: A call to adopt urgent measures (2020) Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12 (S1), pp. S79-S81; Gershoff, E.T., Sattler, K.M.P., Ansari, A., Strengthening causal estimates for links between spanking and Children’s externalizing behavior problems (2018) Psychological Science, 29 (1), pp. 110-120; Hayes, A.F., (2018) Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis, , (2nd ed.), Guilford Press; Holly, L.E., Fenley, A.R., Kritikos, T.K., Merson, R.A., Abidin, R.R., Langer, D.A., Evidence-Base update for parenting stress measures in clinical samples (2019) Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48 (5), pp. 685-705; (2020) Almost 25 Million Jobs Could Be Lost Worldwide as a Result of COVID-19, Says ILO [Press Release], , http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_738742/lang%2D%2Den/index.htm; Jackson, A.P., Choi, J.-K., Parenting stress, harsh parenting, and Children’s behavior (2018) Journal of Family Medicine & Community Health, 5 (3), p. 10; Koh, X.H., (2016) Parenting Scheme Helps to Lower Stress, , https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/parenting-scheme-helps-to-lower-stress, The Straits Times; Lanier, P., Kohl, P.L., Benz, J., Swinger, D., Moussette, P., Drake, B., Parent–child interaction therapy in a community setting: Examining outcomes, attrition, and treatment setting (2011) Research on Social Work Practice, 1 (6), pp. 689-698; Lazarus, R., Folkman, S., (1984), Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer; Lee, S.J., Grogan-Kaylor, A., Berger, L.M., Parental spanking of 1-year-old children and subsequent child protective services involvement (2014) Child Abuse and Neglect, 38 (5), pp. 875-883; Li, C., Little’s test of missing completely at random (2013) Stata Journal, 13 (4), pp. 795-809; Liu, L., Wang, M., Parenting stress and harsh discipline in China: The moderating roles of marital satisfaction and parent gender (2015) Child Abuse & Neglect, 43, pp. 73-82; Lutz, W.J., Hock, E., Kang, M.J., Children’s communication about distressing events: The role of emotional openness and psychological attributes of family members (2007) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 77 (1), pp. 86-94; MacKenzie, M.J., Nicklas, E., Brooks-Gunn, J., Waldfogel, J., Spanking and Children’s externalizing behavior across the first decade of life: Evidence for transactional processes (2015) Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 44 (3), pp. 658-669; Mohan, M., (2020) Circuit Breaker Extended until Jun 1 as Singapore Aims to Bring down Community Cases ‘decisively’: PM Lee, , https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-circuit-breaker-extended-june-pm-lee-speech-apr-21-12662054, Channel News Asia; Parenting Matters: Supporting Parents of Children Ages 0–8 (2016) The National Academies Press, , https://doi.org/10.17226/21868; Ostberg, M., Hagekull, B., A structural modeling approach to understanding parenting stress (2000) Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29 (4), p. 615. , &, (,).,., (,),., https://doi.org/10.1207/S15374424JCCP2904_13; Pinquart, M., Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with externalizing problems of children and adolescents: An updated meta-analysis (2017) Developmental Psychology, 53 (5), pp. 873-932; Romero, E., López-Romero, L., Domínguez-Álvarez, B., Villar, P., Gómez-Fraguela, J.A., (2020) Testing the effects of COVID-19 confinement in Spanish children: The role of parents’ distress, emotional problems and specific parenting [preprint], , https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/spxtw; Salloum, A., Lewis, M., An exploratory study of African American parent—Child coping strategies post- hurricane Katrina (2010) Traumatology, 16 (1), pp. 31-41; Sanders, M.R., Triple P-positive parenting program: Towards an empirically validated multilevel parenting and family support strategy for the prevention of behavior and emotional problems in children (1999) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2 (2), pp. 71-90. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3gsVClsg%3D%3D; Shulruf, B., O’Loughlin, C., Tolley, H., Parenting education and support policies and their consequences in selected OECD countries (2009) Children and Youth Services Review, 31 (5), pp. 526-532; Sim, T.N., Ong, L.P., Parent physical punishment and child aggression in a Singapore Chinese preschool sample (2005) Journal of Marriage and Family, 67 (1), pp. 85-99; (2020) Impact on Work Patterns and Wage, , https://nussling.github.io/2020-04-23-covid19_circuitbreaker_workpatterns/, Lifestyle and Infection Networks Group, 23; Tang, S., Singapore will enter a recession this year, ‘significant uncertainty’ over duration and intensity: MAS (2020) CNA, , https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/covid-19-economy-singapore-will-enter-recession-2020-mas-review-12683096; Tarver, J., Daley, D., Lockwood, J., Sayal, K., Are self-directed parenting interventions sufficient for externalising behaviour problems in childhood? A systematic review and meta-analysis (2014) European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23 (12), pp. 1123-1137; Coronavirus Map: Tracking the Global Outbreak (2020) The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/world/coronavirus-maps.html, June 5); Thomas, R., Zimmer-Gembeck, M.J., Behavioral outcomes of parent-child interaction therapy and triple P—Positive parenting program: A review and meta-analysis (2007) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35 (3), pp. 475-495; Tong, C.K., Elliott, J.M., Tan, P.M.E.H., (1996) Public Perceptions of Child Abuse and Neglect in Singapore, , Singapore Children’s Society; Weems, C.F., Carrion, V.G., McCurdy, B.H., Scozzafava, M.D., (2020) Increased Risk of Suicide due to Economic and Social Impacts of Social Distancing Measures to Address the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Forecast, , https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21601.45926; (2020) Statement on the Second Meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005), , Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV); Yip, C., Smalley, R., (2020) Home-Based Learning Blues: Life in a Rental Flat during the COVID-19 Circuit Breaker, , https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/cnainsider/home-based-learning-rental-flat-low-income-covid19-12685142, CNA; Zhuo, T., Tai, J., Coronavirus: Families scraping by in tougher spot now (2020) The Straits Times, , https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/families-scraping-by-in-tougher-spot-now PY - 2020 SN - 08857482 (ISSN) ST - Mediating Effects of Parental Stress on Harsh Parenting and Parent-Child Relationship during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Singapore T2 - Journal of Family Violence TI - Mediating Effects of Parental Stress on Harsh Parenting and Parent-Child Relationship during Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in Singapore UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090187007&doi=10.1007%2fs10896-020-00200-1&partnerID=40&md5=cff3157abf750fbcd0264d5dabdfa684 ID - 556 ER - TY - JOUR AB - People with disabilities may be particularly vulnerable to the direct health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the wider impacts of the pandemic response. People with disabilities experience numerous barriers to using transportation to access essential goods, like fresh food, and services, like medical care, that are necessary for maintaining health. The pandemic and the pandemic response threaten to exacerbate persistent health disparities and add to transportation barriers that disadvantage people with disabilities. To better understand difficulties that individuals with disabilities are facing using transportation and meeting their needs during the pandemic, I conducted in-depth interviews with 21 San Francisco Bay Area residents with disabilities between March 20 and April 6, 2020, immediately following adoption of the first shelter-in-place orders in the region. Analyzing these interviews, I find that the pandemic is aggravating many difficulties accessing transportation and other essentials that people with disabilities regularly encounter. These include challenges accessing reliable and safe transportation as well as up-to-date communications about transportation and public health, and difficulties getting needed assistance using transportation and completing activities of daily living ranging from personal care to getting groceries. I recommend that those involved in the pandemic response make a concerted and intentional effort to address barriers to accessing needed transportation, communications, and assistance that people with disabilities are facing during the pandemic, paving the way for a more inclusive pandemic response. © 2020 AD - Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, New East Building, CB #3140, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Cochran, A. L. C7 - 100263 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100263 J2 - Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect. KW - COVID-19 Disability Health Interviews Pandemic response Travel behavior LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Funding details: University of California Berkeley, UCB Funding text 1: I am grateful to all study respondents for sharing their time and valuable insights. I thank LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired and the Center for Independent Living for their help with recruiting participants. The University of California, Berkeley, Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program (URAP) funded two students who assisted with this research: Jordan Collins and Rachel Schten. I thank them for their help. This research was presented in an early stage at the Pandemic Urbanism Symposium, hosted by the University of Washington in May 2020. I thank all event attendees for their feedback. I am further grateful to Dan Chatman, Tamara Kerzhner, Michael Montilla, Marcel Moran, and Manuel Santana Palacios as well as the four anonymous reviewers of this paper for their invaluable comments. References: Allday, E., (2020), https://www.sfchronicle.com/local-politics/article/Bay-Area-must-shelter-in-place-Only-15135014.php, Bay Area orders “shelter in place,” only essential businesses open in 6 counties [WWW Document]. SFChronicle.com. URL (accessed 7.29.20); Armitage, R., Nellums, L.B., The COVID-19 response must be disability inclusive (2020) The Lancet Public Health, 5 (5), p. e257; Badger, E., (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/upshot/transit-battered-by-coronavirus.html, Transit Has Been Battered by Coronavirus. What's Ahead May Be Worse [WWW Document]. The New York Times. URL (accessed 4.10.20); Bascom, G.W., Christensen, K.M., The impacts of limited transportation access on persons with disabilities' social participation (2017) J. Transp. Health, 7, pp. 227-234; Berg-Weger, M., Morley, J.E., Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work (2020) J. Nutr. Health Aging, 24 (5), pp. 456-458; Bezyak, J.L., Sabella, S., Hammel, J., McDonald, K., Jones, R.A., Barton, D., Community participation and public transportation barriers experienced by people with disabilities (2019) Disability and Rehabilitation, pp. 1-9; Boyle, C.A., Fox, M.H., Havercamp, S.M., Zubler, J., The public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic for people with disabilities (2020) Disability Health J., 13 (3), p. 100943; Bricout, J.C., Baker, P.M.A., Leveraging online social networks for people with disabilities in emergency communications and recovery (2010) IJEM, 7 (1), p. 59; Brucker, D.L., Rollins, N.G., Trips to medical care among persons with disabilities: Evidence from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey (2016) Disability Health J., 9 (3), pp. 539-543; Brumbaugh, S., (2018), Travel Patterns of American Adults with Disabilities | Bureau of Transportation Statistics (Issue Brief). United States Department of Transportation Bureau of Transportation Statistics; Castillo, E., (2020), https://calmatters.org/transportation/2020/08/buses-california-transit-agencies-pandemic/, Longer waits and fewer buses: Pandemic worsens shortfalls and service cuts [WWW Document]. CalMatters. URL (accessed 8.31.20); (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html, CDC Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Older Adults [WWW Document]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. URL (accessed 11.15.20); Chakraborty, J., Social inequities in the distribution of COVID-19: An intra-categorical analysis of people with disabilities in the U.S (2020) Disability Health J., , 101007; Courtenay, K., Perera, B., COVID-19 and people with intellectual disability: impacts of a pandemic (2020) Irish J. Psychol. Med., 37, pp. 231-236; Crudden, A., (2018), https://www.blind.msstate.edu/sites/www.blind.msstate.edu/files/2020-04/Crudden_2018Transportation_where_arewe_now.pdf, Transportation and Vision Loss: Where are we Now? Insight: The Journal of American Society of Opthalmic Registered Nurses, 43(2), 19-24. URL; Deterding, N.M., Waters, M.C., Flexible Coding of In-depth Interviews: A Twenty-first-century Approach (2018) Sociolog. Methods Res., , 004912411879937; Drainoni, M.-L., Lee-Hood, E., Tobias, C., Bachman, S.S., Andrew, J., Maisels, L., Cross-Disability Experiences of Barriers to Health-Care Access: Consumer Perspectives (2006) J. Disability Policy Studies, 17, pp. 101-115; Douglas, M., Katikireddi, S.V., Taulbut, M., McKee, M., McCartney, G., Mitigating the wider health effects of covid-19 pandemic response (2020) BMJ, 369; Graf, C., (2020), https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/life-without-muni-presents-great-hardships-for-seniors-and-disabled-residents/, Life without Muni presents hardships for seniors and disabled residents [WWW Document]. The San Francisco Examiner. URL (accessed 7.31.20); Henly, M., Brucker, D.L., Transportation patterns demonstrate inequalities in community participation for working-age Americans with disabilities (2019) Transp. Res. Part A: Policy Practice, 130, pp. 93-106; Iezzoni, L.I., Killeen, M.B., O'Day, B.L., Rural Residents with Disabilities Confront Substantial Barriers to Obtaining Primary Care (2006) Health Serv. Res., 41, pp. 1258-1275; Kameswaran, V., Gupta, J., Pal, J., O'Modhrain, S., Veinot, T.C., Brewer, R., Parameshwar, A., O'Neill, J., (2018), https://doi.org/10.1145/3274354, “We can go anywhere”: Understanding Independence through a Case Study of Ride-hailing Use by People with Visual Impairments in metropolitan India. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2, 1–24; Korupolu, R., Stampas, A., Gibbons, C., Hernandez Jimenez, I., Skelton, F., Verduzco-Gutierrez, M., COVID-19: Screening and triage challenges in people with disability due to Spinal Cord Injury (2020) Spinal Cord Series and Cases, 6, pp. 1-4; Krahn, G.L., Walker, D.K., Correa-De-Araujo, R., Persons With Disabilities as an Unrecognized Health Disparity Population (2015) Am. J. Public Health, 105, pp. S198-S206; Lippold, T., Burns, J., Social support and intellectual disabilities: a comparison between social networks of adults with intellectual disability and those with physical disability (2009) J. Intellect. Disabil. Res., 53, pp. 463-473; Loprest, P., Maag, E., Barriers to and Supports for Work among Adults with Disabilities (2001), https://aspe.hhs.gov/basic-report/barriers-and-supports-work-among-adults-disabilities-results-nhis-d, The Urban Institute Washington, D.C; Mackett, R.L., Thoreau, R., Transport, social exclusion and health (2015) J. Transp. Health, 2, pp. 610-617; Matherly, D., Mobley, J., Transportation and Emergency Management Tool Kit for Communications with Vulnerable Populations: Key Research Findings (2011) Transp. Res. Rec., 2234, pp. 62-70; Mattson, J., Hough, J., Abeson, A., Assessing Existing and Needed Community Transportation for People with Disabilities in North Dakota (2010), Upper Great Plains Transportation Institute, North Dakota State University Fargo; McDonough, A., (2020), https://www.cityandstateny.com/articles/policy/technology/following-ride-hail-apps%E2%80%99-lead-access-ride-ends-shared-trips.html, Following ride-hail apps’ lead, Access-A-Ride ends shared trips [WWW Document]. CSNY. URL (accessed 3.23.20); https://ncd.gov/publications/2009/Sept302009#:~:text=People%20with%20disabilities%20tend%20to,a%20lower%20rate%20than%20others, NCD, 2009a. The Current State of Health Care for People with Disabilities. National Council on Disability [WWW Document]. URL (accessed 5.13.20); https://ncd.gov/publications/2009/Aug122009, NCD, 2009b. Effective Emergency Management: Making Improvements for Communities and People with Disabilities. National Council on Disability [WWW Document]. URL; Nick, G.A., Savoia, E., Elqura, L., Crowther, M.S., Cohen, B., Leary, M., Wright, T., Koh, H.K., Emergency Preparedness for Vulnerable Populations: People with Special Health-care Needs (2009) Public Health Rep., 124, pp. 338-343. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646456/; Okoro, C.A., Prevalence of Disabilities and Health Care Access by Disability Status and Type Among Adults — United States MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 67 (2018), https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6732a3; (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/05/us/coronavirus-latinos-african-americans-cdc-data.html, Oppel Jr., R.A., Gebeloff, R., Lai, K.K.R., Wright, W., Smith, M. The Fullest Look Yet at the Racial Inequity of Coronavirus [WWW Document]. The New York Times. URL (accessed 7.27.20); Páez, A., Farber, S., Participation and desire: leisure activities among Canadian adults with disabilities (2012) Transportation, 39, pp. 1055-1078; Paul, R., Arif, A.A., Adeyemi, O., Ghosh, S., Han, D., Progression of COVID-19 From Urban to Rural Areas in the United States: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of Prevalence Rates (2020) The Journal of Rural Health, 36, pp. 591-601; Prado, M., (2020), https://blog.bayareametro.gov/posts/sfmta-adds-back-some-muni-bus-service, SFMTA adds back some MUNI bus service [WWW Document]. URL (accessed 4.22.20); Repke, M.A., Ipsen, C., Differences in social connectedness and perceived isolation among rural and urban adults with disabilities (2020) Disability Health J., 13; Rosenblum, L.P., Chanes-Mora, P., McBride, C.R., Flewellen, J., Nagarajan, N., Nave Stawaz, R., Swenor, B., Flatten Inaccessibility: Impact of COVID-19 on Adults Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision in the United States (2020) American Foundation for the Blind., , https://static.afb.org/legacy/media/AFB_Flatten_Inaccessibility_Report_Accessible_FINAL.pdf; Schwanen, T., Banister, D., Bowling, A., Independence and mobility in later life (2012) Geoforum, 43, pp. 1313-1322; Simon, M.L., (2013), https://doi.org/10.17226/22578, Transit Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Developing Partnerships between Transportation Agencies and the Disability and Underrepresented Communities. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C; Stough, L.M., Ducy, E.M., Holt, J.M., Changes in the social relationships of individuals with disabilities displaced by disaster (2017) Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct., 24, pp. 474-481; Suen, S.L., Mitchell, C.G.B., Accessible Transportation and Mobility (2000) Transportation in the New Millennium., , http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/millennium/00001.pdf; Turk, M.A., McDermott, S., The COVID-19 pandemic and people with disability (2020) Disability Health J., 13; (2003), https://www.bts.gov/sites/bts.dot.gov/files/legacy/publications/freedom_to_travel/pdf/entire.pdf, U.S. Department of Transportation Freedom to Travel. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. URL; Weiner, R., Armenta, N., (2020), https://nelsonnygaard.com/paratransit-service-during-covid-19-serving-people-with-disabilities-seniors-may-require-different-solutions-than-fixed-route-transit-service/, Paratransit Service during COVID-19: Serving People with Disabilities & Seniors May Require Different Solutions than Fixed-Route Transit Service [WWW Document]. URL (accessed 4.23.20); Waterstone, M.E., Stein, M.A., Emergency Preparedness and Disability Special Feature (2006) Mental & Physical Disability Law Reporter, 30 (3), pp. 338-339. , https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/menphydis30&i=340, (Accessed 3 June 2020); Wentz, B., Lazar, J., Stein, M., Gbenro, O., Holandez, E., Ramsey, A., Danger, danger! Evaluating the accessibility of Web-based emergency alert sign-ups in the northeastern United States (2014) Government Information Quarterly, 31, pp. 488-497; Wolfe, M.K., McDonald, N.C., Holmes, G.M., Transportation Barriers to Health Care in the United States: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey, 1997–2017 (2020) Am. J. Public Health, 110, pp. 815-822 PY - 2020 SN - 25901982 (ISSN) ST - Impacts of COVID-19 on access to transportation for people with disabilities T2 - Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives TI - Impacts of COVID-19 on access to transportation for people with disabilities UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097167635&doi=10.1016%2fj.trip.2020.100263&partnerID=40&md5=2b7caf303b269fa87c060cc4dfba33b5 VL - 8 ID - 297 ER - TY - JOUR AD - From the Institute for Global Heath and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill AU - Cohen, M. S. C2 - 32492298 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMe2020388 IS - 6 J2 - N. Engl. J. Med. KW - hydroxychloroquine Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection human pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :36 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Chemicals/CAS: hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; Hydroxychloroquine PY - 2020 SN - 15334406 (ISSN) SP - 585-586 ST - Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention of Covid-19 - Searching for Evidence T2 - The New England journal of medicine TI - Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention of Covid-19 - Searching for Evidence UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087564064&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMe2020388&partnerID=40&md5=62b3ada3b6bea5ce003d0a9f17229e9f VL - 383 ID - 415 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States AU - Cohen, M. S. AU - Corey, L. C2 - 32381692 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/science.abc5798 IS - 6491 J2 - Sci. KW - remdesivir severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine zidovudine antivirus agent COVID-19 vaccine monoclonal antibody virus vaccine acquired immune deficiency syndrome airborne virus behavior change condom use contact examination coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity disease transmission drug effect Editorial epidemic hand washing health promotion hospitalization human Human immunodeficiency virus infection infection prevention infection risk nonhuman patient isolation priority journal quarantine randomized controlled trial (topic) risk reduction sexual behavior treatment duration virus load virus replication behavior Betacoronavirus clinical trial (topic) communicable disease control Coronavirus infection immunology laboratory technique pandemic virus pneumonia Antibodies, Monoclonal Antiviral Agents Clinical Laboratory Techniques Clinical Trials as Topic Coronavirus Infections HIV Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SCIEA Chemicals/CAS: remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; zidovudine, 30516-87-1; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19 vaccine; Viral Vaccines PY - 2020 SN - 00368075 (ISSN) SP - 551 ST - Combination prevention for COVID-19 T2 - Science TI - Combination prevention for COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084567113&doi=10.1126%2fscience.abc5798&partnerID=40&md5=e0adff9d029840be7bd48d0fa8f7cf70 VL - 368 ID - 501 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Context: The role of robot-assisted surgery continues to expand at a time when trainers and proctors have travel restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objective: To provide guidance on setting up and running an optimised telementoring service that can be integrated into current validated curricula. We define a standardised approach to training candidates in skill acquisition via telepresence technologies. We aim to describe an approach based on the current evidence and available technologies, and define the key elements within optimised telepresence services, by seeking consensus from an expert committee comprising key opinion leaders in training. Evidence acquisition: This project was carried out in phases: a systematic review of the current literature, a teleconference meeting, and then an initial survey were conducted based on the current evidence and expert opinion, and sent to the committee. Twenty-four experts in training, including clinicians, academics, and industry, contributed to the Delphi process. An accelerated Delphi process underwent three rounds and was completed within 72 h. Additions to the second- and third-round surveys were formulated based on the answers and comments from the previous rounds. Consensus opinion was defined as ≥80% agreement. Evidence synthesis: There was 100% consensus regarding an urgent need for international agreement on guidance for optimised telepresence. Consensus was reached in multiple areas, including (1) infrastructure and functionality; (2) definitions and terminology; (3) protocols for training, communication, and safety issues; and (4) accountability including ethical and legal issues. The resulting formulated guidance showed good internal consistency among experts, with a Cronbach alpha of 0.90. Conclusions: Using the Delphi methodology, we achieved international consensus among experts for development and content validation of optimised telepresence services for robotic surgery training. This guidance lays the foundation for launching telepresence services in robotic surgery. This guidance will require further validation. Patient summary: Owing to travel restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, development of remote training and support via telemedicine is becoming increasingly important. We report a key opinion leader consensus view on a standardised approach to telepresence. There is currently a lack of high-level evidence on utilising telepresence technologies to train in robot-assisted surgery. We report Delphi process consensus views, formulated by US and European training and industry experts, on safe launching of telepresence for robotic surgery. © 2020 AD - Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Research Department of Targeted Intervention, University College London, London, United Kingdom Department of Uro-Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, London, United Kingdom University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hampshire, United Kingdom Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States Department of Surgery, St. Joseph's Healthcare, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada InTouch Health, Santa Barbara, CA, United States Division of Cardiology and Critical Care, Sacré-Coeur Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom IRCAD, Research Institute Against Digestive Cancer, Strasbourg, France Institute for Surgical Excellence, Philadelphia, PA, United States MRC Centre for Transplantation, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States University of Southern Florida, Tampa, FL, United States Division of C Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Global Robotics Institute, Celebration, FL, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States AU - Collins, J. W. AU - Ghazi, A. AU - Stoyanov, D. AU - Hung, A. AU - Coleman, M. AU - Cecil, T. AU - Ericsson, A. AU - Anvari, M. AU - Wang, Y. AU - Beaulieu, Y. AU - Haram, N. AU - Sridhar, A. AU - Marescaux, J. AU - Diana, M. AU - Marcus, H. J. AU - Levy, J. AU - Dasgupta, P. AU - Stefanidis, D. AU - Martino, M. AU - Feins, R. AU - Patel, V. AU - Slack, M. AU - Satava, R. M. AU - Kelly, J. D. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.euros.2020.09.005 J2 - Eu. Uro. Op. Sci KW - Communication Curriculum development Deliberate practice Patient safety Robotic-assisted surgery Surgical education Telementoring Telepresence Telesurgery Training protocol clinical protocol clinician consensus Delphi study human Internet medical expert medical technology priority journal Review robot assisted surgery skill surgical training telecommunication teleconference LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Collins, J.W.; University College LondonUnited Kingdom; email: justin.collins@ucl.ac.uk Funding text 1: Funding/Support and role of the sponsor: This work was supported by CMR Surgical. References: Satava, R.M., Robotic surgery: from past to future: a personal journey (2003) Surg Clin North Am, 83, pp. 1491-1500; Collins, J., Akre, O., Challacombe, B., Karim, O., Wiklund, P., Robotic networks: delivering empowerment through integration (2015) BJU Int, 116, pp. 167-168; Collins, J.W., Levy, J., Stefanidis, D., Utilising the Delphi process to develop a proficiency-based progression train-the-trainer course for robotic surgery training (2019) Eur Urol, 75, pp. 775-785; Angelo, R.L., Ryu, R.K., Pedowitz, R.A., A proficiency-based progression (PBP) training curriculum coupled with a model simulator results in the acquisition of a superior arthroscopic Bankart skill set (2015) Arthroscopy, 31, pp. 1854-1871; Ericsson, K.A., Harwell, K.W., Deliberate practice and proposed limits on the effects of practice on the acquisition of expert performance: why the original definition matters and recommendations for future research (2019) Front Psychol, 10, p. 2396; Collins, J.W., Wisz, P., Training in robotic surgery, replicating the airline industry. How far have we come? (2020) World J Urol, 38, pp. 1645-1651; Alemzadeh, H., Raman, J., Leveson, N., Kalbarczyk, Z., Iyer, R.K., Adverse events in robotic surgery: a retrospective study of 14 years of FDA data (2016) PLoS One, 11, p. e0151470; ECRI Institute, Top 10 health technology hazards for 2015. Health devices (2014), https://www.ecri.org/Resources/Whitepapers_and_reports/Top_Ten_Technology_Hazards_2015.pdf; Ahmed, K., Khan, R., Mottrie, A., Development of a standardised training curriculum for robotic surgery: a consensus statement from an international multidisciplinary group of experts (2015) BJU Int, 116, pp. 93-101; Volpe, A., Ahmed, K., Dasgupta, P., Pilot validation study of the European Association of Urology robotic training curriculum (2015) Eur Urol, 68, pp. 292-299; Veronesi, G., Dorn, P., Dunning, J., Outcomes from the Delphi process of the Thoracic Robotic Curriculum Development Committee (2018) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 53, pp. 1173-1179; Rusch, P., Ind, T., Kimmig, R., Recommendations for a standardised educational program in robot assisted gynaecological surgery: Consensus from the Society of European Robotic Gynaecological Surgery (SERGS) (2019) Facts Views Vis Obgyn, 11, pp. 29-41; http://prisma-statement.org/PRISMAStatement/PRISMAStatement, PRISMA; Marescaux, J., Leroy, J., Gagner, M., Transatlantic robot-assisted telesurgery (2001) Nature, 413, pp. 379-380; Micali, S., Virgili, G., Vannozzi, E., Feasibility of telementoring between Baltimore (USA) and Rome (Italy): the first five cases (2000) J Endourol, 14, pp. 493-496; Anvari, M., McKinley, C., Stein, H., Establishment of the world's first telerobotic remote surgical service: for provision of advanced laparoscopic surgery in a rural community (2005) Ann Surg, 241, pp. 460-464; Pahlsson, H.I., Groth, K., Permert, J., Telemedicine: an important aid to perform high-quality endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in low-volume centers (2013) Endoscopy, 45, pp. 357-361; Schlachta, C.M., Kent, S.A., Lefebvre, K.L., McCune, M.L., Jayaraman, S., A model for longitudinal mentoring and telementoring of laparoscopic colon surgery (2009) Surg Endosc, 23, pp. 1634-1638; Schlachta, C.M., Lefebvre, K.L., Sorsdahl, A.K., Jayaraman, S., Mentoring and telementoring leads to effective incorporation of laparoscopic colon surgery (2010) Surg Endosc, 24, pp. 841-844; Anvari, M., Remote telepresence surgery: the Canadian experience (2007) Surg Endosc, 21, pp. 537-541; Bove, P., Stoianovici, D., Micali, S., Is telesurgery a new reality? Our experience with laparoscopic and percutaneous procedures (2003) J Endourol, 17, pp. 137-142; Sebajang, H., Trudeau, P., Dougall, A., Hegge, S., McKinley, C., Anvari, M., The role of telementoring and telerobotic assistance in the provision of laparoscopic colorectal surgery in rural areas (2006) Surg Endosc, 20, pp. 1389-1393; Hinata, N., Miyake, H., Kurahashi, T., Novel telementoring system for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: impact on the learning curve (2014) Urology, 83, pp. 1088-1092; Di Valentino, M., Alerci, M., Bogen, M., Telementoring during endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a prospective study (2005) J Endovasc Ther, 12, pp. 200-205; Chen, J., Oh, P.J., Cheng, N., Use of automated performance metrics to measure surgeon performance during robotic vesicourethral anastomosis and methodical development of a training tutorial (2018) J Urol, 200, pp. 895-902; Birkmeyer, J.D., Finks, J.F., O'Reilly, A., Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative. Surgical skill and complication rates after bariatric surgery (2013) N Engl J Med, 369, pp. 1434-1442; Twinanda, A.P., Marescaux, J., de Mathelin, M., Padoy, N., Classification approach for automatic laparoscopic video database organization (2015) Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg, 10, pp. 1449-1460; Ashraf, H., Sodergren, M.H., Merali, N., Mylonas, G., Singh, H., Darzi, A., Eye-tracking technology in medical education: a systematic review (2018) Med Teach, 40, pp. 62-69; Roberts, N.K., Williams, R.G., Kim, M.J., Dunnington, G.L., The briefing, intraoperative teaching, debriefing model for teaching in the operating room (2009) J Am Coll Surg, 208, pp. 299-303; Haynes, A.B., Weiser, T.G., Berry, W.R., A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population (2009) N Engl J Med, 360, pp. 491-499; Mackenzie, H., Cuming, T., Miskovic, D., Design, delivery, and validation of a trainer curriculum for the national laparoscopic colorectal training program in England (2015) Ann Surg, 261, pp. 149-156; COVIDSurg Collaborative. Global guidance for surgical care during the COVID‐19 pandemic. BJS Society. Published online April 2020; Bauer, J., Lee, B., Bishoff, J., International surgical telementoring using a robotic arm: our experience (2000) Telemed J, 6, pp. 25-31; Hong, Z., Li, N., Li, D., Telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences from western China (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22, p. e19577; Payne, S.C., Huffman, A.H., A longitudinal examination of the influence of mentoring on organizational commitment and turnover (2005) Acad Manag J, 48, pp. 158-168; Sinclair, P., Fitzgerald, J.E., Hornby, S.T., Shalhoub, J., Mentorship in surgical training: current status and a needs assessment for future mentoring programs in surgery (2015) World J Surg, 39, pp. 303-313; Entezami, P., Franzblau, L.E., Chung, K.C., Mentorship in surgical training: a systematic review (2012) Hand, 7, pp. 30-36; Panait, L., Rafiq, A., Tomulescu, V., Telementoring versus on-site mentoring in virtual reality-based surgical training (2006) Surg Endosc, 20, pp. 113-118; Bilgic, E., Turkdogan, S., Watanabe, Y., Effectiveness of telementoring in surgery compared with on-site mentoring: a systematic review (2017) Surg Innov, 24, pp. 379-385; Byrne, J.P., Mughal, M.M., Telementoring as an adjunct to training and competence based assessment in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2000) Surg Endosc, 14, pp. 1159-1161; Vanlander, A.E., Mazzone, E., Collins, J.W., Orsi Consensus Meeting on European Robotic Training (OCERT): results from the first multispecialty consensus meeting on training in robot-assisted surgery (2020) Eur Urol, , Feb 20;S0302-2838(20)30100-7; Collins, J., Dasgupta, P., Kirby, R., Gill, I., Globalization of surgical expertise without losing the human touch: utilising the network, old and new (2012) BJU Int, 109, pp. 1129-1131; Kempen, P., The interstate telemedicine compact and the agenda of the Federation of State Medical Boards (2015) J Am Phys Surg, 20, p. 57 PY - 2020 SN - 26661691 (ISSN) SP - 23-33 ST - Utilising an Accelerated Delphi Process to Develop Guidance and Protocols for Telepresence Applications in Remote Robotic Surgery Training T2 - European Urology Open Science TI - Utilising an Accelerated Delphi Process to Develop Guidance and Protocols for Telepresence Applications in Remote Robotic Surgery Training UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095451036&doi=10.1016%2fj.euros.2020.09.005&partnerID=40&md5=0ee4a05c38637a95c435fc7c98f8e9eb VL - 22 ID - 267 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, United States Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi Yale School of Nursing, Orange, CA, United States Unity Health Toronto, St. Michael's Hospital, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Toronto, ON, Canada AU - Conserve, D. F. AU - Mathews, A. AU - Choko, A. T. AU - Nelson, L. E. C7 - 599521 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fmed.2020.599521 J2 - Front. Med. KW - COVID-19 COVID-19 testing HIV - human immunodeficiency virus implementation science framework SARS-CoV-2 self-testing SARS-CoV-2 antibody Article coronavirus disease 2019 diagnostic accuracy home diagnostic test human immunoassay nonhuman point of care testing self evaluation Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Conserve, D.F.; Department of Prevention and Community Health, United States; email: dconservejr@gwu.edu Correspondence Address: Conserve, D.F.; Department of Health Behavior, Chapel Hill, United States; email: dconservejr@gwu.edu Manufacturers: guangzhou wondfo biotech; orient gene biotech Funding details: 00MH110343, 25HL105444, 25MH080665 Funding text 1: DFC was supported by a training grant from the National Institute of Health (#R00MH110343 PI: DFC), the HIV Dissemination Science Training Program for Underrepresented Investigators grant award #R25MH080665, and the BSM PRIDE program #R25HL105444. References: (2020) National Institutes of Health Announcements, , https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/why-covid-19-testing-key-getting-back-normal, Available online at:, (accessed October 25, 2020; Sethuraman, N., Jeremiah, S.S., Ryo interpreting diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) JAMA, , 32374370; Seidu, A.A., Hagan, J.E., Ameyaw, E.K., Ahinkorah, B.O., Schack, T., The role of testing in the fight against COVID-19: current happenings in Africa and the way forward (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 98, pp. 237-240. , 32619756; Siegler, A.J., Hall, E., Luisi, N., Zlotorzynska, M., Wilde, G., Sanchez, T., Willingness to seek laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 with home, drive-through, and clinic-based specimen collection locations (2020) medRxiv, , 32704517; Ranney, M.L., Griffeth, V., Jha, A.K., Critical supply shortages—the need for ventilators and personal protective equipment during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, p. e41. , 32212516; Tu, Y.P., Jennings, R., Hart, B., Cangelosi, G.A., Wood, R.C., Wehber, K., Swabs collected by patients or health care workers for SARS-CoV-2 testing (2020) N Engl J Med; Rowan, N.J., Laffey, J.G., Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic–Case study from the Republic of Ireland (2020) Sci Total Environ, 725, p. 138532. , 32304970; Thomas, K., Singer, N., (2020) FDA Authorizes First In-Home Test for Coronavirus, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/21/health/fda-in-home-test-coronavirus.html, New York Times Available online at:, (accessed September 25, 2020; Ton, A.N., Jethwa, T., Waters, K., Speicher, L.L., Francis, D., COVID-19 drive through testing: an effective strategy for conserving personal protective equipment (2020) Am J Infect Control, 48, pp. 731-732. , 32305432; Kojima, N., Turner, F., Slepnev, V., Bacelar, A., Deming, L., Kodeboyina, S., Self-collected oral fluid and nasal swabs demonstrate comparable sensitivity to clinician collected nasopharyngeal swabs for Covid-19 detection (2020) medRxiv; Tromberg, B.J., Schwetz, T.A., Pérez-Stable, E.J., Hodes, R.J., Woychik, R.P., Bright, R.A., Rapid scaling up of Covid-19 diagnostic testing in the United States—the NIH RADx initiative (2020) N Engl J Med, , 32706958; Adeniji, A.A., ‘Self-collected upper respiratory tract swabs for COVID-19 test’: a feasible way to increase overall testing rate and conserve resources in South Africa (2020) Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med, 12, pp. e1-e4. , 32501019; Wu, J., Tang, B., Bragazzi, N.L., Nah, K., McCarthy, Z., Ontarians need to rapidly increase their personal protection and testing to mitigate the COVID-19 spread in the province (2020) SSRN Electron J; Simbana-Rivera, K., Gomez-Barreno, L., Guerrero, J., Simbana-Guaycha, F., Fernandez, R., Lopez-Cortes, A., Interim analysis of pandemic Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the SARS-CoV-2 virus in Latin America and the Caribbean: morbidity, mortality and molecular testing trends in the region (2020) medRxiv; Peto, J., Alwan, N.A., Godfrey, K.M., Burgess, R.A., Hunter, D.J., Riboli, E., Universal weekly testing as the UK COVID-19 lockdown exit strategy (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1420-1421; Torjesen, I., Covid-19: home testing programme across England aims to help define way out of lockdown (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1799; Nundy, S., Patel, K.K., (2020) Self-Service Diagnosis of COVID-19—Ready for Prime Time?, p. e200333. , JAMA Health Forum, American Medical Association p; Lipsitch, M., Kahn, R., Mina, M.J., Antibody testing will enhance the power and accuracy of COVID-19-prevention trials (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 818-819. , 32341581; (2020), Geneva, Health Affairs Blog; El-Tholoth, M., Bau, H.H., Song, J., A single and two-stage, closed-tube, molecular test for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) at home, clinic, and points of entry (2020) ChemRxiv, , 32511284; Faezipour, M., Abuzneid, A., Smartphone-based self-testing of COVID-19 using breathing sounds (2020) Telemed E Health, 26, pp. 1202-1205. , 32487005; Atchison, C., Pristerà, P., Cooper, E., Papageorgiou, V., Redd, R., Piggin, M., Usability and acceptability of home-based self-testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for population surveillance (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , 32785665; https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-first-covid-19-test-self-testing-home, Available online at:, (accessed November 20, 2020; (2020) University of Pennsylvania Researchers Help Develop Rapid At-Home COVID-19 Test, , https://www.witf.org/2020/03/30/university-of-pennsylvania-researchers-help-develop-rapid-at-home-covid-19-test/, Available online at; Abbasi, J., The promise and peril of antibody testing for COVID-19 (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1881-1883. , 32301958; Kaplan, S., Singer, N., (2020) FDA Clears First Home Saliva Test for Coronavirus, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/08/health/fda-coronavirus-spit-test.html, Available online at:, (accessed September 25, 2020; Technologies, O., (2012) Final Advisory Committee Briefing Materials: Available for Public Release, , Washington, DC, Food and Drug Administration; Conserve, D.F., Muessig, K.E., Maboko, L.L., Shirima, S., Kilonzo, M.N., Maman, S., Mate Yako Afya Yako: formative research to develop the Tanzania HIV self-testing education and promotion (Tanzania STEP) project for men (2018) PLoS ONE, 13, p. e0202521. , 30148846; (2016) Guidelines on HIV Self-Testing and Partner Notification: Supplement to Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Testing Services, , Geneva, World Health Organization; (2019) WHO Recommends HIV Self-Testing: Evidence Update and Considerations for Success: Policy Brief, , Geneva, World Health Organization; Choko, A.T., Nanfuka, M., Birungi, J., Taasi, G., Kisembo, P., Helleringer, S., A pilot trial of the peer-based distribution of HIV self-test kits among fishermen in Bulisa, Uganda (2018) PLoS ONE, 13, p. e0208191. , 30496260; Choko, A.T., Corbett, E.L., Stallard, N., Maheswaran, H., Lepine, A., Johnson, C.C., HIV self-testing alone or with additional interventions, including financial incentives, and linkage to care or prevention among male partners of antenatal care clinic attendees in Malawi: an adaptive multi-arm, multi-stage cluster randomised trial (2019) PLoS Med, 16, p. e1002719; Conserve, D., Mbita, G., Alemu, D., Njau, B., Lija, J., Komba, A., Developing a peer-led HIV self-testing education and promotion intervention for networks of men in Tanzania (2019) APHA's 2019 Annual Meeting and Expo (Nov. 2-Nov. 6), , In:, American Public Health Association; Conserve, D.F., Alemu, D., Yamanis, T., Maman, S., Kajula, L., “He told me to check my health”: a qualitative exploration of social network influence on Men's HIV testing behavior and HIV self-testing willingness in Tanzania (2018) Am J Mens Health, 12, pp. 1185-1196. , 29808781; Mathews, A., Farley, S., Conserve, D.F., Knight, K., Le'Marus, A., Blumberg, M., “Meet people where they are”: a qualitative study of community barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and HIV self-testing among African Americans in urban and rural areas in North Carolina (2020) BMC Public Health, 20, pp. 1-10. , 32295568; Choko, A.T., MacPherson, P., Webb, E.L., Willey, B.A., Feasy, H., Sambakunsi, R., Uptake, accuracy, safety, and linkage into care over two years of promoting annual self-testing for HIV in Blantyre, Malawi: a community-based prospective study (2015) PLoS Med, 12, p. e1001873. , 26348035; Mathews, A., Conserve, D., Mason, H., Alston, L.M., Rennie, S., Tucker, J., ‘Informed and empowered’: a mixed-methods study of crowdsourcing contests to promote uptake of HIV self-testing kits among African Americans (2020) J Virus Erad, 6, pp. 74-80. , 32405425; Conserve, D.F., Michel, J., Adrien Demes, J.E., Chéry, J.M., Balan, J.G., Choko, A.T., Local and national stakeholders' perceptions towards implementing and scaling up HIV self-testing and secondary distribution of HIV self-testing by Option B+ patients as an assisted partner service strategy to reach men in Haiti (2020) PLoS ONE, 15, p. e0233606. , 32442226; Iwelunmor, J., Ezechi, O., Obiezu-Umeh, C., Gbaja-biamila, T., Nwaozuru, U., Oladele, D., The 4 youth by youth crowdsourcing contest: using participatory design to reach and increase uptake of HIV self-testing among young people in Nigeria (2019) 12 th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation, , In:, AcademyHealth; MacGowan, R.J., Chavez, P.R., Borkowf, C.B., Owen, S.M., Purcell, D.W., Mermin, J.H., Effect of internet-distributed HIV self-tests on HIV diagnosis and behavioral outcomes in men who have sex with men: a randomized clinical trial (2020) JAMA Intern Med, 180, pp. 117-125. , 31738378; Mulubwa, C., Hensen, B., Phiri, M.M., Shanaube, K., Schaap, A.J., Floyd, S., Community based distribution of oral HIV self-testing kits in Zambia: a cluster-randomised trial nested in four HPTN 071 (PopART) intervention communities (2019) Lancet HIV, 6, pp. e81-e92. , 30584047; Thirumurthy, H., Masters, S.H., Mavedzenge, S.N., Maman, S., Omanga, E., Agot, K., Promoting male partner HIV testing and safer sexual decision making through secondary distribution of self-tests by HIV-negative female sex workers and women receiving antenatal and post-partum care in Kenya: a cohort study (2016) Lancet HIV, 3, pp. e266-e274. , 27240789; Tahlil, K.M., Ong, J.J., Rosenberg, N.E., Tang, W., Conserve, D.F., Nkengasong, S., Verification of HIV self-testing use and results: a global systematic review (2020) AIDS Patient Care STDS, 34, pp. 147-156. , 32324482; Ingold, H., Mwerinde, O., Ross, A.L., Leach, R., Corbett, E.L., Hatzold, K., The self-testing AfRica (STAR) initiative: accelerating global access and scale-up of HIV self-testing (2019) J Int AIDS Soc, 22, p. e25249. , 30907517; Iwelunmor, J., Ezechi, O., Obiezu-Umeh, C., Gbaja-Biamila, T., Nwaozuru, U., Oladele, D., The 4 youth by youth HIV self-testing crowdsourcing contest: a qualitative evaluation (2020) PLoS ONE, 15, p. e0233698. , 32469971; Nwaozuru, U., Gbajabiamila, T., Obiezu-Umeh, C., Mason, S., Tahlil, K., Oladele, D., An innovation bootcamp model to develop HIV self-testing social enterprise among young people in Nigeria: a youth participatory design approach (2020) Lancet Global Health, 8, p. S12; Indravudh, P.P., Sibanda, E.L., d'Elbée, M., Kumwenda, M.K., Ringwald, B., Maringwa, G., ‘I will choose when to test, where I want to test’: investigating young people's preferences for HIV self-testing in Malawi and Zimbabwe (2017) AIDS, 31, p. S203. , 28665878; Catania, J.A., Huun, C., Dolcini, M.M., Urban, A.J., Fleury, N., Ndyetabula, C., Overcoming cultural barriers to implementing oral HIV self-testing with high fidelity among Tanzanian youth (2019) Transl Behav Med, , 31785201; Korte, J.E., Kisa, R., Vrana-Diaz, C.J., Malek, A.M., Buregyeya, E., Matovu, J.K., HIV oral self-testing for male partners of women attending antenatal care in central Uganda: uptake and linkage to care post-test in a randomized trial (2020) JAIDS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, , 32168168; Wang, Z., Lau, J.T., Ip, M., Ho, S.P., Mo, P.K., Latkin, C., A randomized controlled trial evaluating efficacy of promoting a home-based HIV self-testing with online counseling on increasing HIV testing among men who have sex with men (2018) AIDS Behav, 22, pp. 190-201; Valentine-Graves, M., Hall, E., Guest, J., Adam, E., Valencia, R., Hardee, I., At-home self-collection of saliva, oropharyngeal swabs and dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and serology: post-collection acceptability of specimen collection process and patient confidence in specimens (2020) medRxiv; Guest, J.L., Sullivan, P.S., Valentine-Graves, M., Valencia, R., Adam, E., Luisi, N., Suitability and sufficiency of telehealth clinician-observed, participant-collected samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing: The iCollect Cohort Pilot Study (2020) JMIR Public Health Surveill, 6, p. e19731. , 32479412; (2020) Interim Guidelines for COVID-19 Antibody Testing, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antibody-tests-guidelines.html, Available online at:, (accessed September 25, 2020; (2020) How to Protect Your Health, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprepare%2Fprevention.html, Available online at:, (accessed September 25, 2020; Yancy, C.W., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) JAMA, , 32293639 PY - 2020 SN - 2296858X (ISSN) ST - Preparing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Self-Testing Implementation: Lessons Learned From HIV Self-Testing T2 - Frontiers in Medicine TI - Preparing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Self-Testing Implementation: Lessons Learned From HIV Self-Testing UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098080536&doi=10.3389%2ffmed.2020.599521&partnerID=40&md5=9ecf7116717db9fd091803e36af678c2 VL - 7 ID - 243 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Association of University Centers on Disabilities, Silver Spring, Md, United States AU - Constantino, J. N. AU - Sahin, M. AU - Piven, J. AU - Rodgers, R. AU - Tschida, J. C2 - 32854530 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20060780 IS - 11 J2 - Am. J. Psychiatry KW - coronavirus disease 2019 developmental disorder disease burden health care access health care personnel health care policy human intellectual impairment Letter patient right practice guideline priority journal social distancing social welfare virtual reality Coronavirus infection health care disparity health care planning pandemic United States virus pneumonia vulnerable population Coronavirus Infections Developmental Disabilities Health Priorities Healthcare Disparities Humans Intellectual Disability Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Vulnerable Populations LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJPSA Correspondence Address: Constantino, J.N.; Department of Psychiatry, United States; email: constantino@wustl.edu Funding details: Astellas Pharma US Funding details: Roche Funding details: Biogen Funding details: Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., TPUSA Funding details: Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals Funding text 1: Dr. Sahin has received grant support from Astellas, Biogen, the Boston Children?s Hospital Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Bridgebio, the Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium, Ipsen, LAM Therapeutics, Novartis, Pfizer, Quadrant Biosciences, and Roche, and he has served on scientific advisory boards for Aeovian, Celgene, Regenxbio, Roche, Sage, and Takeda. The other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests. References: Mills, WR, Sender, S, Lichtefeld, J, Supporting individuals with intellectual and developmental disability during the first 100 days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA (2020) J Intellect Disabil Res, 64, pp. 489-496; Rubin, MA, Bonnie, RJ, Epstein, L, AAN position statement: the COVID-19 pandemic and the ethical duties of the neurologist (2020) Neurology, 95, pp. 167-172; Mello, MM, Persad, G, White, DB, Respecting disability rights: toward improved crisis standards of care (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, p. e26; Turk, MA, Landes, SD, Formica, MK, Intellectual and developmental disability and COVID-19 case-fatality trends: TriNetX analysis (2020) Disabil Health J, 13, p. 100942; den Houting, J, Stepping out of isolation: autistic people and COVID-19 (2020) Autism Adulthood, 2, pp. 1-3 PY - 2020 SN - 0002953X (ISSN) SP - 1091-1093 ST - The Impact of COVID-19 on Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Clinical and Scientific Priorities T2 - American Journal of Psychiatry TI - The Impact of COVID-19 on Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Clinical and Scientific Priorities UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092449384&doi=10.1176%2fappi.ajp.2020.20060780&partnerID=40&md5=6beda102a5a8ca16d97447feec39dd8e VL - 177 ID - 302 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is needed to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic. Structural studies have led to the development of mutations that stabilize Betacoronavirus spike proteins in the prefusion state, improving their expression and increasing immunogenicity1. This principle has been applied to design mRNA-1273, an mRNA vaccine that encodes a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that is stabilized in the prefusion conformation. Here we show that mRNA-1273 induces potent neutralizing antibody responses to both wild-type (D614) and D614G mutant2 SARS-CoV-2 as well as CD8+ T cell responses, and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs and noses of mice without evidence of immunopathology. mRNA-1273 is currently in a phase III trial to evaluate its efficacy. © 2020, This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply. AD - Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Moderna Inc, Cambridge, MA, United States Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AU - Corbett, K. S. AU - Edwards, D. K. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Abiona, O. M. AU - Boyoglu-Barnum, S. AU - Gillespie, R. A. AU - Himansu, S. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Ziwawo, C. T. AU - DiPiazza, A. T. AU - Dinnon, K. H. AU - Elbashir, S. M. AU - Shaw, C. A. AU - Woods, A. AU - Fritch, E. J. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Bock, K. W. AU - Minai, M. AU - Nagata, B. M. AU - Hutchinson, G. B. AU - Wu, K. AU - Henry, C. AU - Bahl, K. AU - Garcia-Dominguez, D. AU - Ma, L. Z. AU - Renzi, I. AU - Kong, W. P. AU - Schmidt, S. D. AU - Wang, L. AU - Zhang, Y. AU - Phung, E. AU - Chang, L. A. AU - Loomis, R. J. AU - Altaras, N. E. AU - Narayanan, E. AU - Metkar, M. AU - Presnyak, V. AU - Liu, C. AU - Louder, M. K. AU - Shi, W. AU - Leung, K. AU - Yang, E. S. AU - West, A. AU - Gully, K. L. AU - Stevens, L. J. AU - Wang, N. AU - Wrapp, D. AU - Doria-Rose, N. A. AU - Stewart-Jones, G. AU - Bennett, H. AU - Alvarado, G. S. AU - Nason, M. C. AU - Ruckwardt, T. J. AU - McLellan, J. S. AU - Denison, M. R. AU - Chappell, J. D. AU - Moore, I. N. AU - Morabito, K. M. AU - Mascola, J. R. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Carfi, A. AU - Graham, B. S. C2 - 32756549 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41586-020-2622-0 IS - 7830 J2 - Nature KW - nanoparticle neutralizing antibody SARS-CoV-2 vaccine COVID-19 vaccine messenger RNA Tlr4 protein, mouse toll like receptor 4 virus RNA virus vaccine design method disease control immune response immunity mutation virus animal experiment animal model animal tissue antibody response Article CD8+ T lymphocyte controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug design female human human cell immunopathology male mouse nonhuman priority journal Th1 cell Th2 cell animal Betacoronavirus chemistry Coronavirus infection genetics immunology lung nose pandemic phase 3 clinical trial (topic) virology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Mus SARS coronavirus Animals Antibodies, Neutralizing CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic Coronavirus Infections Mice Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral RNA, Messenger RNA, Viral Th1 Cells Toll-Like Receptor 4 Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :108 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NATUA Correspondence Address: Graham, B.S.; Vaccine Research Center, United States; email: bgraham@nih.gov Correspondence Address: Carfi, A.; Moderna IncUnited States; email: andrea.carfi@modernatx.com Chemicals/CAS: toll like receptor 4, 203811-83-0; Antibodies, Neutralizing; COVID-19 vaccine; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Viral; Tlr4 protein, mouse; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Viral Vaccines Funding details: 5494549, 75N93019F00132, HHSN272201700036I, T32-AI007151 Funding details: AI100625, AI149644, R01-AI127521 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF Funding details: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, OASH Funding details: Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, BARDA, 17x198, 75A50120C00034 Funding text 1: Acknowledgements We thank K. Bok, K. Carlton, M. Kanekiyo, R. Seder and other members of all included laboratories for critical discussions, advice and review of the manuscript; J. Stein for technology transfer; M. Young for administrative support; members of the NIH NIAID VRC Translational Research Program for technical assistance with mouse experiments; B. Hartman for assistance with graphics; H. Mu and M. Farzan for the ACE2-overexpressing 293 cells; and M. Whitt for support on VSV-based pseudovirus production. This work was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the VRC and the Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH (B.S.G.), NIH NIAID grant R01-AI127521 (J.S.M.), and NIH grants AI149644 and AI100625 (R.S.B.). mRNA-1273 has been funded in part with Federal funds from the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, under contract 75A50120C00034. PRNT assays were funded under NIH contract HHSN261200800001E agreement 17x198 (to J.D.C.), furnished through Leidos Biomedical Research. MERS-CoV mRNA mouse challenge studies were funded under NIH contract HHSN272201700036I task order no. 75N93019F00132 requisition no. 5494549 (to R.S.B.). K.S.C.’s research fellowship was partially funded by the Undergraduate Scholarship Program, Office of Intramural Training and Education, Office of the Director, NIH. D.R.M. was funded by NIH NIAID grant T32-AI007151 and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award. References: Pallesen, J., Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen (2017) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 114, pp. E7348-E7357. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtlWmsrfI; Korber, B., Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike: evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 virus (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 812-827.e19. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVCltL3I; Dong, E., Du, H., Gardner, L., An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20, pp. 533-534; Keni, R., Alexander, A., Nayak, P.G., Mudgal, J., Nandakumar, K., COVID-19: Emergence, spread, possible treatments, and global burden (2020) Front. Public Health, 8 (216); Graham, B.S., Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development (2020) Science, 368, pp. 945-946. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVCntbnJ; Graham, B.S., Gilman, M.S.A., McLellan, J.S., Structure-based vaccine antigen design (2019) Annu. Rev. Med., 70, pp. 91-104. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhvF2ltrw%3D; McLellan, J.S., Structure of RSV fusion glycoprotein trimer bound to a prefusion-specific neutralizing antibody (2013) Science, 340, pp. 1113-1117. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXot1Sru7w%3D; McLellan, J.S., Structure-based design of a fusion glycoprotein vaccine for respiratory syncytial virus (2013) Science, 342, pp. 592-598. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1yrsL%2FJ; Crank, M.C., A proof of concept for structure-based vaccine design targeting RSV in humans (2019) Science, 365, pp. 505-509. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhsV2jsbrI; Gilman, M.S.A., Rapid profiling of RSV antibody repertoires from the memory B cells of naturally infected adult donors (2016) Sci. Immunol., 1, p. eaaj1879; Walls, A.C., Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 114-117. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xit1aju78%3D; Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 118-121. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xjs1emtb8%3D; Graham, B.S., Sullivan, N.J., Emerging viral diseases from a vaccinology perspective: preparing for the next pandemic (2018) Nat. Immunol., 19, pp. 20-28. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXmtVCkt70%3D; Graham, B.S., Corbett, K.S., Prototype pathogen approach for pandemic preparedness: world on fire (2020) J. Clin. Invest., 130, pp. 3348-3349. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlGktrjF; Menachery, V.D., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med., 21, pp. 1508-1513. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhslKgt7nO; Menachery, V.D., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 113, pp. 3048-3053. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XktV2msr8%3D; Graham, B.S., Mascola, J.R., Fauci, A.S., Novel vaccine technologies: essential components of an adequate response to emerging viral diseases (2018) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 319, pp. 1431-1432; Dowd, K.A., Rapid development of a DNA vaccine for Zika virus (2016) Science, 354, pp. 237-240. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xhs1Cmur3I; Pardi, N., Hogan, M.J., Porter, F.W., Weissman, D., mRNA vaccines—a new era in vaccinology (2018) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 17, pp. 261-279. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXnvVKgsQ%3D%3D; Hassett, K.J., Optimization of lipid nanoparticles for intramuscular administration of mRNA vaccines (2019) Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids, 15, pp. 1-11. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXnt1Gis70%3D; Mauger, D.M., mRNA structure regulates protein expression through changes in functional half-life (2019) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 116, pp. 24075-24083. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXit1OktrjO; Cockrell, A.S., A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (2016) Nat. Microbiol., 2, p. 16226. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXkvFyqs7g%3D; Wrapp, D., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkvFemt70%3D; Freeman, B., (2020) Validation of a Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein ELISA for Use in Contact Investigations and Serosurveillance, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.057323, Preprint at; Klumpp-Thomas, C., (2020) Standardization of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for Serosurveys of the Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic Using Clinical and At-Home Blood Sampling, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.21.20109280, Preprint at; Kim, H.W., Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine (1969) Am. J. Epidemiol, 89, pp. 422-434; Fulginiti, V.A., Eller, J.J., Downie, A.W., Kempe, C.H., Altered reactivity to measles virus. Atypical measles in children previously immunized with inactivated measles virus vaccines (1967) J. Am. Med. Assoc, 202, pp. 1075-1080; Bolles, M., A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge (2011) J. Virol, 85, pp. 12201-12215; Czub, M., Weingartl, H., Czub, S., He, R., Cao, J., Evaluation of modified vaccinia virus Ankara based recombinant SARS vaccine in ferrets (2005) Vaccine, 23, pp. 2273-2279. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitVCgt70%3D; Deming, D., Vaccine efficacy in senescent mice challenged with recombinant SARS-CoV bearing epidemic and zoonotic spike variants (2006) PLoS Med, 3, p. E525; Hou, Y.J., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFGhtrbI; Dinnon, K.H., A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature; Jackson, L.A., An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2—preliminary report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med; Nelson, J., Impact of mRNA chemistry and manufacturing process on innate immune activation (2020) Sci. Adv., 6, p. eaaz6893; ter Meulen, J., Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants (2006) PLoS Med., 3; John, S., Multi-antigenic human cytomegalovirus mRNA vaccines that elicit potent humoral and cell-mediated immunity (2018) Vaccine, 36, pp. 1689-1699. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXivVCqsLo%3D; Bahl, K., Preclinical and clinical demonstration of immunogenicity by mRNA vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses (2017) Mol. Ther., 25, pp. 1316-1327. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXpvVKgur0%3D; Vogel, A.B., Self-amplifying RNA vaccines give equivalent protection against influenza to mRNA vaccines but at much lower doses (2018) Mol. Ther., 26, pp. 446-455. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXisVCmtb4%3D; Douglas, M.G., Kocher, J.F., Scobey, T., Baric, R.S., Cockrell, A.S., Adaptive evolution influences the infectious dose of MERS-CoV necessary to achieve severe respiratory disease (2018) Virology, 517, pp. 98-107. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXitVehu7rO; Scobey, T., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. 16157-16162. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1SqtbfO; Wang, L., Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV (2015) Nat. Commun., 6. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtlWhtbbP; Böttcher, E., Proteolytic activation of influenza viruses by serine proteases TMPRSS2 and HAT from human airway epithelium (2006) J. Virol, 80, pp. 9896-9898; Whitt, M.A., Generation of VSV pseudotypes using recombinant ΔG-VSV for studies on virus entry, identification of entry inhibitors, and immune responses to vaccines (2010) J. Virol. Methods, 169, pp. 365-374. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXht1WisrjM PY - 2020 SN - 00280836 (ISSN) SP - 567-571 ST - SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness T2 - Nature TI - SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088965235&doi=10.1038%2fs41586-020-2622-0&partnerID=40&md5=fb76420160f36a64ab05edcb68f3451f VL - 586 ID - 320 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND Vaccines to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are urgently needed. The effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines on viral replication in both upper and lower airways is important to evaluate in nonhuman primates. METHODS Nonhuman primates received 10 or 100 μg of mRNA-1273, a vaccine encoding the prefusion-stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, or no vaccine. Antibody and T-cell responses were assessed before upper- and lower-airway challenge with SARS-CoV-2. Active viral replication and viral genomes in bronchoalveolar-lavage (BAL) fluid and nasal swab specimens were assessed by polymerase chain reaction, and histopathological analysis and viral quantification were performed on lung-tissue specimens. RESULTS The mRNA-1273 vaccine candidate induced antibody levels exceeding those in human convalescent-phase serum, with live-virus reciprocal 50% inhibitory dilution (ID50) geometric mean titers of 501 in the 10-μg dose group and 3481 in the 100-μg dose group. Vaccination induced type 1 helper T-cell (Th1)–biased CD4 T-cell responses and low or undetectable Th2 or CD8 T-cell responses. Viral replication was not detectable in BAL fluid by day 2 after challenge in seven of eight animals in both vaccinated groups. No viral replication was detectable in the nose of any of the eight animals in the 100-μg dose group by day 2 after challenge, and limited inflammation or detectable viral genome or antigen was noted in lungs of animals in either vaccine group. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination of nonhuman primates with mRNA-1273 induced robust SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing activity, rapid protection in the upper and lower airways, and no pathologic changes in the lung. Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society. AD - Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Infectious Disease Pathogenesis Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Bioqual, Rockville, MD, United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, MA, United States Moderna, Cambridge, MA, United States Institute for Biomedical Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States AU - Corbett, K. S. AU - Flynn, B. AU - Foulds, K. E. AU - Francica, J. R. AU - Boyoglu-Barnum, S. AU - Werner, A. P. AU - Flach, B. AU - O'Connell, S. AU - Bock, K. W. AU - Minai, M. AU - Nagata, B. M. AU - Andersen, H. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Noe, A. T. AU - Douek, N. AU - Donaldson, M. M. AU - Nji, N. N. AU - Alvarado, G. S. AU - Edwards, D. K. AU - Flebbe, D. R. AU - Lamb, E. AU - Doria-Rose, N. A. AU - Lin, B. C. AU - Louder, M. K. AU - O'Dell, S. AU - Schmidt, S. D. AU - Phung, E. AU - Chang, L. A. AU - Yap, C. AU - Todd, J. P. M. AU - Pessaint, L. AU - Van Ry, A. AU - Browne, S. AU - Greenhouse, J. AU - Putman-Taylor, T. AU - Strasbaugh, A. AU - Campbell, T. A. AU - Cook, A. AU - Dodson, A. AU - Steingrebe, K. AU - Shi, W. AU - Zhang, Y. AU - Abiona, O. M. AU - Wang, L. AU - Pegu, A. AU - Yang, E. S. AU - Leung, K. AU - Zhou, T. AU - Teng, I. T. AU - Widge, A. AU - Gordon, I. AU - Novik, L. AU - Gillespie, R. A. AU - Loomis, R. J. AU - Moliva, J. I. AU - Stewart-Jones, G. AU - Himansu, S. AU - Kong, W. P. AU - Nason, M. C. AU - Morabito, K. M. AU - Ruckwardt, T. J. AU - Ledgerwood, J. E. AU - Gaudinski, M. R. AU - Kwong, P. D. AU - Mascola, J. R. AU - Carfi, A. AU - Lewis, M. G. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - McDermott, A. AU - Moore, I. N. AU - Sullivan, N. J. AU - Roederer, M. AU - Seder, R. A. AU - Graham, B. S. C2 - 32722908 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa2024671 IS - 16 J2 - New Engl. J. Med. KW - mRNA 1273 RNA vaccine SARS-CoV-2 antibody SARS-CoV-2 vaccine unclassified drug CD4 antigen coronavirus spike glycoprotein COVID-19 vaccine neutralizing antibody spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody virus vaccine animal experiment animal model animal tissue antibody response Article bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug screening female histopathology male nonhuman nose smear polymerase chain reaction primate priority journal Th1 cell Th2 cell vaccination virus genome virus replication animal Betacoronavirus blood Coronavirus infection disease model dose response immunology lung pandemic passive immunization pathology physiology rhesus monkey T lymphocyte virology virus load virus pneumonia Animals Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral CD4 Antigens Coronavirus Infections Disease Models, Animal Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic Immunization, Passive Macaca mulatta Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus T-Lymphocytes Viral Load Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :165 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NEJMA Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; CD4 Antigens; COVID-19 vaccine; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2; Viral Vaccines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS, 75A50120C00034, F32 AI152296, T32-AI007151 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF Funding details: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, OASH Funding details: Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, BARDA Funding details: Vaccine Research Center, VRC Funding text 1: Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the Vaccine Research Center (VRC), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH); and the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, Department of Health and Human Services (contract 75A50120C00034). Dr. Corbett is the recipient of a research fellowship that was partially funded by the Undergraduate Scholarship Program, Office of Intramural Training and Education, Office of the Director, NIH. Dr. Martinez was funded by grants from the NIAID (T32-AI007151 and F32 AI152296) and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award. References: Cucinotta, D., Vanelli, M., WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic (2020) Acta Biomed, 91, pp. 157-160; Callaway, E., Cyranoski, D., Mallapaty, S., Stoye, E., Tollefson, J., The coronavirus pandemic in five powerful charts (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 482-483; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181 (2), pp. 271e8-280e8; Amanat, F., Krammer, F., SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: Status report (2020) Immunity, 52, pp. 583-589; Mulligan, M.J., Lyke, K.E., Kitchin, N., (2020) Phase 1/2 Study to Describe the Safety and Immunogenicity of A COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate (BNT162b1) in Adults 18 to 55 Years of Age: Interim Report, , https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.30.20142570v1, July 1, preprint; Corbett, K.S., Edwards, D., Leist, S.R., (2020) SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Development Enabled by Prototype Pathogen Preparedness, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.11.145920v1, June 11, preprint; Yu, J., Tostanoski, L.H., Peter, L., DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, , May 20 (Epub ahead of print); Smith, T.R.F., Patel, A., Ramos, S., Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19 (2020) Nat Commun, 11, p. 2601; Zhu, F.-C., Li, Y.-H., Guan, X.-H., Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: A dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1845-1854; van Doremalen, N., Lambe, T., Spencer, A., (2020) ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination Prevents SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia in Rhesus Macaques, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.13.093195v1, May 13, preprint; Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 369, pp. 77-81; Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Huang, B., Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate, BBIBP-CorV, with potent protection against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell, , https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867420306954, June 6; Chen, W.-H., Strych, U., Hotez, P.J., Bottazzi, M.E., The SARS-CoV-2 vaccine pipeline: An overview (2020) Curr Trop Med Rep, , March 3 (Epub ahead of print); Munster, V.J., Feldmann, F., Williamson, B.N., (2020) Respiratory Disease and Virus Shedding in Rhesus Macaques Inoculated with SARS-CoV-2, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.21.001628v1, March 21, preprint; Bahl, K., Senn, J.J., Yuzhakov, O., Preclinical and clinical demonstration of immunogenicity by mRNA vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses (2017) Mol Ther, 25, pp. 1316-1327; Jackson, L.A., Anderson, E.J., Rouphael, N.G., An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary report N Engl J Med; Hassett, K.J., Benenato, K.E., Jacquinet, E., Optimization of lipid nanoparticles for intramuscular administration of mRNA vaccines (2019) Mol Ther Nucleic Acids, 15, pp. 1-11; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Wang, F., Flanagan, J., Su, N., RNAscope: A novel in situ RNA analysis platform for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (2012) J Mol Diagn, 14, pp. 22-29; Hou, Y.J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C.E., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 182 (2), pp. 429-446. , e14; Scobey, T., Yount, B.L., Sims, A.C., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Yount, B., Curtis, K.M., Fritz, E.A., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100, pp. 12995-13000; Donaldson, M.M., Kao, S.-F., Foulds, K.E., OMIP-052: An 18-color panel for measuring Th1, Th2, Th17, and Tfh responses in rhesus macaques (2019) Cytometry A, 95, pp. 261-263; Finak, G., McDavid, A., Chattopadhyay, P., Mixture models for single-cell assays with applications to vaccine studies (2014) Biostatistics, 15, pp. 87-101; Pallesen, J., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen (2017) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114, pp. E7348-E7357; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Wang, L., Shi, W., Chappell, J.D., Importance of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic sites on the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein to avoid neutralization escape (2018) J Virol, 92 (10), pp. e02002-e02017; Wang, N., Rosen, O., Wang, L., Structural definition of a neutralization-sensitive epitope on the MERS-CoV S1-NTD (2019) Cell Rep, 28 (13), pp. 3395e6-3405e6; Chen, Y., Lu, S., Jia, H., A novel neutralizing monoclonal antibody targeting the N-terminal domain of the MERS-CoV spike protein (2017) Emerg Microbes Infect, 6 (5); Rogers, T.F., Zhao, F., Huang, D., Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model (2020) Science, , June 15 (Epub ahead of print); Shi, R., Shan, C., Duan, X., A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, , May 26 (Epub ahead of print); Wang, W., Wang, H., Deng, Y., Characterization of anti-MERS-CoV antibodies against various recombinant structural antigens of MERS-CoV in an imported case in China (2016) Emerg Microbes Infect, 5 (11); Widjaja, I., Wang, C., van Haperen, R., Towards a solution to MERS: Protective human monoclonal antibodies targeting different domains and functions of the MERS-coronavirus spike glycoprotein (2019) Emerg Microbes Infect, 8, pp. 516-530; Neidleman, J., Luo, X., Frouard, J., (2020) SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cells Exhibit Unique Features Characterized by Robust Helper Function, Lack of Terminal Differentiation, and High Proliferative Potential, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.08.138826v1, June 8, preprint; Weiskopf, D., Schmitz, K.S., Raadsen, M.P., Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Sci Immunol, (5); Meckiff, B.J., Ramírez-Suástegui, C., Fajardo, V., (2020) Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Reactive CD4+ T Cells, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.12.148916v1, June 13, preprint; Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S.I., Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COV-ID-19 disease and unexposed individuals (2020) Cell, 181 (7), pp. 1489e15-1501e15; Peng, Y., Mentzer, A.J., Liu, G., (2020) Broad and Strong Memory CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells Induced by SARS-CoV-2 in UK Convalescent COVID-19 Patients, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.05.134551v1, June 8, preprint; Sekine, T., Perez-Potti, A., Rivera-Ballesteros, O., (2020) Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.29.174888v1, June 29, preprint; Pardi, N., Hogan, M.J., Naradikian, M.S., Nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent T follicular helper and germinal center B cell responses (2018) J Exp Med, 215, pp. 1571-1588; Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1177-1179; Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A.J., SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, , May 20 (Epub ahead of print); Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1012-1015; Edridge, A.W.D., Kaczorowska, J.M., Hoste, A.C.R., (2020) Coronavirus Protective Immunity Is Short-Lasting, , https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.11.20086439v2, June 16, preprint; Long, Q.-X., Tang, X.-J., Shi, Q.-L., Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (2020) Nat Med, , June 18 (Epub ahead of print); Crank, M.C., Ruckwardt, T.J., Chen, M., A proof of concept for structure-based vaccine design targeting RSV in humans (2019) Science, 365, pp. 505-509; Graham, B.S., Gilman, M.S.A., McLellan, J.S., Structure-based vaccine antigen design (2019) Annu Rev Med, 70, pp. 91-104; Stewart-Jones, G.B.E., Chuang, G.-Y., Xu, K., Structure-based design of a quadrivalent fusion glycoprotein vaccine for human parainfluenza virus types 1-4 (2018) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 115, pp. 12265-12270; Loomis, R.J., Stewart-Jones, G.B.E., Tsybovsky, Y., Structure-based design of Nipah virus vaccines: A generalizable approach to paramyxovirus immunogen development (2020) Front Immunol, (11), p. 842; Sanders, R.W., Vesanen, M., Schuelke, N., Stabilization of the soluble, cleaved, trimeric form of the envelope glycoprotein complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (2002) J Virol, 76, pp. 8875-8889; Chuang, G.Y., Geng, H., Pancera, M., Structure-based design of a soluble prefusion-closed HIV-1 Env trimer with reduced CD4 affinity and improved immunogenicity (2017) J Virol, 91 (10), pp. e02268-e02316; Killikelly, A.M., Kanekiyo, M., Graham, B.S., Pre-fusion F is absent on the surface of formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (2016) Sci Rep, 6, p. 34108; Karikó, K., Muramatsu, H., Welsh, F.A., Incorporation of pseudouridine into mRNA yields superior nonimmunogenic vector with increased translational capacity and biological stability (2008) Mol Ther, 16, pp. 1833-1840; Graham, B.S., Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development (2020) Science, 368, pp. 945-946 PY - 2020 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) SP - 1544-1555 ST - Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-COV-2 in nonhuman primates T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-COV-2 in nonhuman primates UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089454753&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMoa2024671&partnerID=40&md5=a8c2b94f82ff1ffadd90557b105fdbce VL - 383 ID - 325 ER - TY - JOUR AD - (CNR-IFC) Research Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, 56124, Italy Department of Hygiene and Health Prevention and Complex Operative Unit Environmental Health and Innovative Projects, Health Protection Agency, Pavia, 27100, Italy The Water Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States AU - Cori, L. AU - Bianchi, F. AU - Cadum, E. AU - Anthonj, C. C2 - 32365710 C7 - 3114 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/ijerph17093114 IS - 9 J2 - Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health KW - community participation coronavirus disease 2019 disease transmission Editorial environmental factor environmental health epidemic fear health belief health hazard human infection control knowledge medical information pandemic risk assessment risk factor risk perception Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 trust Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :40 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Cori, L.; (CNR-IFC) Research Unit of Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries, Italy; email: liliana.cori@ifc.cnr.it References: Pederson, T., Where Are We, a Century After the ‘Spanish Flu’? (2018) Faseb J, 32, pp. 2317-2318; Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic, , https://www.covid19.who.int; Levenson, E., (2020) Officials Keep Calling the Coronavirus Pandemic a ‘War’, , https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/01/us/war-on-coronavirus-attack/index.html, Here’s Why. CNN, USA. 2 April; Gebrekidan, S., The World Has a Plan to Fight Coronavirus. Most Countries Are Not Using it (2020) The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/12/world/coronavirus-world-health-organization.html, USA. 12 March; Cooper, H., Gibbons-Neff, T., Navy Hospital Ship Reaches New York. But It’s Not Made to Contain Coronavirus (2020) The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/30/us/politics/coronavirus-comfort-hospital-ship-new-york.html, USA. 30 March, accessed on 21 April 2020; Rohrmann, B., Risk Perception, Risk Attitude, Risk Communication, Risk Management: A Conceptual Appraisal (2008) Proceedings of the International Emergency Management Society Annual Conference, , Prague, Czech Republic, 17–19 June; Rohrmann, B., Renn, O., Risk perception research. An introduction (2000) Cross-Cultural Risk Perception. a Survey of Empirical Studies, pp. 11-53. , Renn, O., Rohrmann, B., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, Germany; Pidgeon, N., Risk assessment, risk values and the social science programme: Why we do need risk perception research (1998) Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf, 59, pp. 5-15; Wiedemann, P.M., Schütz, H., The precautionary principle and risk perception: Experimental studies in the EMF area (2005) Env. Health Perspect, 113, pp. 402-405; Renner, B., Schupp, H., Vollmann, M., Hartung, F.-M., Schmälzle, R., Panzer, M., Risk perception, risk communication and health behavior change (2008) Z. Für Gesundh, 16, pp. 150-153; Cerase, A., Risk and Communication (2017) Theories, Models, Problems, pp. 1-286. , Egea: Rome, Italy; Sandman, R., Weinstein, N.E., Hallman, W.K., Communications to reduce risk underestimation and overestimation (1998) Risk Decis. Policy, 3, pp. 93-108; Slovic, P., Perception of risk: Reflections on the psychometric paradigm (1992) Social Theories of Risk, pp. 117-178. , Krimsky, S., Golding, D., Eds.; Praeger: Westport, CT, USA; Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Reports, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports; COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU), , https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html/; Ferguson, N., Laydon, D., Nedjati Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M., Bhatia, S., Cuomo-Dannenburg, G., (2020) Report 9-Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (Npis) to Reduce COVID-19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand, , https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-9-impact-of-npis-on-covid-19/, Imperial College, London, 26 March 2020, accessed on 21 April 2020; Flaxman, S., Mishra, S., Gandy, A., Unwin, H., Coupland, H., Mellan, T., Zhu, H., Perez Guzman, P., Report 13-Estimating the Number of Infections and the Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European Countries, , https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-13-europe-npi-impact/, Imperial College, London, 30 March 2020, accessed on 21 April 2020; Nie, J.B., Gilbertson, A., De Roubaix, M., Staunton, C., Van Niekerk, A., Tucker, J.D., Rennie, S., Healing Without Waging War: Beyond Military Metaphors in Medicine and HIV Cure Research (2016) Am. J. Bioeth, 16, pp. 3-11 PY - 2020 SN - 16617827 (ISSN) ST - Risk perception and covid-19 T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Risk perception and covid-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084276281&doi=10.3390%2fijerph17093114&partnerID=40&md5=4df1e65de4780e137fb01cd7680d25fa VL - 17 ID - 510 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Microbiology Immunology, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Cotter, P. A. C2 - 32703893 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1128/JCM.01228-20 IS - 8 J2 - J. Clin. Microbiol. KW - COVID-19 COVID-19 testing Molecular diagnostics SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infection case report chest tightness chill clinical article common cold symptom contact examination coronavirus disease 2019 cycling disease course false negative result false positive result fatigue female fever human influenza intensive care unit isolation laboratory test medical record North Carolina Note personal experience priority journal quarantine Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 social interaction telehealth throat culture virus detection virus transmission Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection isolation and purification laboratory technique organization and management pandemic preventive health service procedures university hospital virology virus pneumonia Academic Medical Centers Clinical Laboratory Techniques Coronavirus Infections Diagnostic Services Hospitals, University Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JCMID Correspondence Address: Cotter, P.A.; Department of Microbiology Immunology, United States; email: pcotter@med.unc.edu PY - 2020 SN - 00951137 (ISSN) ST - My experience with SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on testing T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology TI - My experience with SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on testing UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088497274&doi=10.1128%2fJCM.01228-20&partnerID=40&md5=b96f238bab7045e00b068795db25c40f VL - 58 ID - 425 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives To determine how self-reported level of exposure to patients with novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) affected the perceived safety, training and well-being of residents and fellows. Methods We administered an anonymous, voluntary, web-based survey to a convenience sample of trainees worldwide. The survey was distributed by email and social media posts from April 20th to May 11th, 2020. Respondents were asked to estimate the number of patients with COVID-19 they cared for in March and April 2020 (0, 1-30, 31-60, >60). Survey questions addressed (1) safety and access to personal protective equipment (PPE), (2) training and professional development and (3) well-being and burnout. Results Surveys were completed by 1420 trainees (73% residents, 27% fellows), most commonly from the USA (n=670), China (n=150), Saudi Arabia (n=76) and Taiwan (n=75). Trainees who cared for a greater number of patients with COVID-19 were more likely to report limited access to PPE and COVID-19 testing and more likely to test positive for COVID-19. Compared with trainees who did not take care of patients with COVID-19, those who took care of 1-30 patients (adjusted OR [AOR] 1.80, 95% CI 1.29 to 2.51), 31-60 patients (AOR 3.30, 95% CI 1.86 to 5.88) and >60 patients (AOR 4.03, 95% CI 2.12 to 7.63) were increasingly more likely to report burnout. Trainees were very concerned about the negative effects on training opportunities and professional development irrespective of the number of patients with COVID-19 they cared for. Conclusion Exposure to patients with COVID-19 is significantly associated with higher burnout rates in physician trainees. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. AD - Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Washington DC Veterans Affair Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, United States Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States CHESS Center, Institute of Portal Hypertension, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China VA New York Harbor Health Care System and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Gastroenterology, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, IL, United States University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States Division of Gastroenterology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Division of Digestive Diseases, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, United States Division of Gastroenterology and Transplant Hepatology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Department of Medicine, Phoenix Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States AU - Cravero, A. L. AU - Kim, N. J. AU - Feld, L. D. AU - Berry, K. AU - Rabiee, A. AU - Bazarbashi, N. AU - Bassin, S. AU - Lee, T. H. AU - Moon, A. M. AU - Qi, X. AU - Liang, P. S. AU - Aby, E. S. AU - Khan, M. Q. AU - Young, K. J. AU - Patel, A. AU - Wijarnpreecha, K. AU - Kobeissy, A. AU - Hashim, A. AU - Houser, A. AU - Ioannou, G. N. C2 - 33087533 C7 - 138789 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138789 J2 - Postgrad. Med. J. LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PGMJA Correspondence Address: Ioannou, G.N.; Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System, 1660 S. Columbian Way, United States; email: georgei@medicine.washington.edu References: Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1199-1207; (2020) WHO Director-General's Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19: 11 March 2020, , WHO. World Health Organization; Liu, Q., Luo, D., Haase, J.E., The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: A qualitative study (2020) Lancet Global Health, 8, pp. e790-e798; Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) JAMA Network Open, 3, pp. e203976-e204076; Gallagher, T.H., Schleyer, A.M., 'We signed up for this!'-student and trainee responses to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) N Engl J Med, 382; Potts, J.R., 3rd Residency and fellowship program accreditation: Effects of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (2020) J Am Coll Surg, 230, pp. 1094-1097; Dyrbye, L.N., West, C.P., Satele, D., Burnout among U.S. Medical students, residents, and early career physicians relative to the general U.S. Population (2014) Acad Med, 89, pp. 443-451; Dyrbye, L., Herrin, J., West, C.P., Association of racial bias with burnout among resident physicians (2019) JAMA Netw Open, 2; Thomas, N.K., Resident burnout (2004) JAMA, 292, pp. 2880-2889; West, C.P., Shanafelt, T.D., Kolars, J.C., Quality of life, burnout, educational debt, and medical knowledge among internal medicine residents (2011) JAMA, 306, pp. 952-960; West, C.P., Dyrbye, L.N., Sloan, J.A., Single item measures of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are useful for assessing burnout in medical professionals (2009) J Gen Intern Med, 24, pp. 1318-1321; Murray, C.J.L., (2020) Forecasting the Impact of the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hospital Demand and Deaths for the USA and European Economic Area Countries, , medRxiv 2020.04.21.20074732; Wang, H., Wang, Z., Dong, Y., Phase-adjusted estimation of the number of coronavirus disease 2019 cases in Wuhan, China (2020) Cell Discovery, 6, p. 10; (2020) Worldometer: Coronavirus Dover, , https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/us/, Delaware. accessed 18 May 2020; Ferioli, M., Cisternino, C., Leo, V., Protecting healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection: Practical indications (2020) Eur Respir Rev, 29, p. 155; Gupta, S., Federman, D.G., Hospital preparedness for COVID-19 pandemic: Experience from department of medicine at veterans affairs Connecticut healthcare system (2020) Postgrad Med, pp. 1-6; Kogan, M., Klein, S.E., Hannon, C.P., Orthopaedic education during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Am Acad Orthop Surg, 28, pp. e456-e464; Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., Understanding, T.M., Addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) JAMA, 323, p. 2133; Fahrenkopf, A.M., Sectish, T.C., Barger, L.K., Rates of medication errors among depressed and burnt out residents: Prospective cohort study (2008) BMJ, 336, p. 488; West, C.P., Tan, A.D., Shanafelt, T.D., Association of resident fatigue and distress with occupational blood and body fluid exposures and motor vehicle incidents (2012) Mayo Clin Proc, 87, pp. 1138-1144 PY - 2020 SN - 00325473 (ISSN) ST - Impact of exposure to patients with COVID-19 on residents and fellows: An international survey of 1420 trainees T2 - Postgraduate Medical Journal TI - Impact of exposure to patients with COVID-19 on residents and fellows: An international survey of 1420 trainees UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094182752&doi=10.1136%2fpostgradmedj-2020-138789&partnerID=40&md5=2230f3c0e68bded4e7c7fe477a68c9cf ID - 545 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective/Background: As a response to clinical observations that the pervasive stress and social/environmental disruptions from the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic have also impacted sleep, the Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine (SBSM) convened the COVID-19 Task Force with goals to identify and disseminate information that could be useful in addressing sleep concerns during this crisis. Participants Members of the SBSM COVID-19 Task Force. Results/Conclusions Herein is a summary of the resources developed by the SBSM COVID-19 Task force, which includes links to online materials developed for use by providers and patients, as well as brief descriptions of key recommendations by the Task Force for specific sleep conditions (e.g., acute insomnia, nightmares) and vulnerable populations (e.g., parents, essential/healthcare workers, older adults). © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. AD - Behavioral Health Program, Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States Division of Public Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake, UT, United States Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, United States Division of Developmental/Behavioral Pediatrics & Psychology, Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States Department of Psychology, Mississippi State UniversityMS, United States Department of Medicine - Health Services Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States , Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States AU - Crew, E. C. AU - Baron, K. G. AU - Grandner, M. A. AU - Ievers-Landis, C. E. AU - McCrae, C. S. AU - Nadorff, M. R. AU - Nowakowski, S. AU - Ochsner Margolies, S. AU - Hansen, K. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/15402002.2020.1776288 IS - 4 J2 - Behav. Sleep Med. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Crew, E.C.; Behavioral Health Program, United States; email: earl.crew2@va.gov References: Ellis, J.G., Cushing, T., Germain, A., Treating acute insomnia: A randomized controlled trial of a “single-shot” of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (2015) Sleep, 38 (6), pp. 971-978. , https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4752; Ong, J.C., Arand, D., Schmitz, M., Baron, K., Blackburn, R., Grandner, M.A., Lichstein, K.L., Hansen, K., A concept map of behavioral sleep medicine: Defining the scope of the field and strategic priorities (2018) Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 16 (6), pp. 523-526. , https://doi.org/10.1080/15402002.2018.1507672 PY - 2020 SN - 15402002 (ISSN) SP - 570-572 ST - The Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine (SBSM) COVID-19 Task Force: Objectives and Summary Recommendations for Managing Sleep during a Pandemic T2 - Behavioral Sleep Medicine TI - The Society of Behavioral Sleep Medicine (SBSM) COVID-19 Task Force: Objectives and Summary Recommendations for Managing Sleep during a Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087413201&doi=10.1080%2f15402002.2020.1776288&partnerID=40&md5=eab7e2ac03900407a3df1c8d4ab13d32 VL - 18 ID - 450 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Antimicrobial surface coatings function as a contact biocide and are extensively used to prevent the growth and transmission of pathogens on environmental surfaces. Currently, scientists and researchers are intensively working to develop antimicrobial, antiviral coating solutions that would efficiently impede/stop the contagion of COVID-19 via surface contamination. Herein we present a flavonoid-based antimicrobial surface coating fabricated by laser processing that has the potential to eradicate COVID-19 contact transmission. Quercetin-containing coatings showed better resistance to microbial colonization than antibiotic-containing ones. Copyright © The Author(s), 2020, published on behalf of Materials Research Society by Cambridge University Press. AD - National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Lasers Department, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States AU - Cristescu, R. AU - Narayan, R. J. AU - Chrisey, D. B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1557/adv.2020.418 J2 - MRS Advances KW - Coatings Microorganisms Antimicrobial surface Antimicrobial surface coatings Coating solution Environmental surfaces Flavonoid Laser process Microbial colonization Surface contaminations Transmissions LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Narayan, R.J.; Biomedical Engineering, United States; email: roger_narayan@unc.edu References: Xu, S., Li, Y., (2020) The Lancet, 395, pp. 1321-1322; https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus, World Coronavirus Statistics 2020 accessed 17 September 2020; Pushpakom, S., Iorio, F., Eyers, P.A., Escott, K.J., Hopper, S., Wells, A., Doig, A., Norris, A., (2019) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov, 18, p. 41; Abian, O., Ortega-Alarcon, D., Jimenez-Alesanco, A., Ceballos-Laita, L., Vega, S., Reyburn, H.T., Rizzuti, B., Velazquez-Campoy, A., (2020) Int. J. Biol. Macromol, 164, p. 1693; Rawson, T.M., Ming, D., Ahmad, R., More, L.S.P., Holmes, A.H., (2020) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 18, p. 409; Spitzer, M., Robbins, N., Wright, G.D., (2017) Virulence, 8 (2), pp. 169-185; Tyers, M., Wright, G.D., (2019) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 17, pp. 141-155; McGill, R.A., Chrisey, D.B., (2000) Method of Producing a Film Coating by Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition, 6 (25), p. 036. , U.S Patent No 15 February; Chrisey, D.B., McGill, R.A., Horwitz, J.S., Pique, A., Ringeisen, B.R., Bubb, D.M., Wu, P.K., (2003) Chem. Rev, 103, p. 553; Farha, M.A., Brown, E.D., (2019) Nat. Microbiol, 4, p. 565; Cristescu, R., Surdu, A.V., Grumezescu, A.M., Oprea, A.E., Trusca, R., Vasile, O., Dorcioman, G., Chrisey, D.B., (2015) Appl. Surf. Sci, 336, p. 234; Cristescu, R., Visan, A., Socol, G., Surdu, A.V., Oprea, A.E., Grumezescu, A.M., Chifiriuc, M.C., Chrisey, D.B., (2016) Appl. Surf. Sci, 374, p. 290; Yu, Q., Wu, Z., Chen, H., (2015) Acta Biomater, 16, pp. 1-13; Lazar, V., Chifiriuc, C.M., (2010) Roum. Arch. Microbiol. Immunol, 69 (2), pp. 95-107; Yuan, L., Yu, Q., Li, D., Chen, H., (2011) Macromol. Biosci, 11, p. 1031; Negut, I., Visan, A.I., Popescu, C.E., Cristescu, R., Ficai, A., Grumezescu, A.M., Chifiriuc, M.C., Chrisey, D.B., (2019) Appl. Sci, 9 (4), pp. 786-798; Mortale, S.P., Karuppayil, S.M., (2018) Am. J. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob, 1 (5), p. 1022; Andrew, S., Hitchcock, C.A., Dorr, P.K., (2000) Antifungal Compositions Comprising Voriconazole and Trovafloxacin or Prodrugs Thereof, European, , Patent No EP 0 982 031 A2 1 March; Sun, L., Liao, K., Li, Y., Zhao, L., Liang, S., Guo, D., Hu, J., Wang, D., (2016) J Nanosci. Nanotechnol, 16 (3), pp. 2325-2335; Gainer, K., (2015) Global Markets for Drug-Device Combinations (PHM045D), , BCC Research LLC, Wellesley, MA; Lehr, P., (2013) Global Markets for Rapid Medical Diagnostic Kits (HLC007H), , Wellesley: BCC Research; Elder, M., (2012) Market Research Report, , Point of Care Diagnostics (HLC043C). Wellesley: BCC Research PY - 2020 SN - 20598521 (ISSN) ST - Novel antimicrobial surfaces to defeat COVID-19 transmission T2 - MRS Advances TI - Novel antimicrobial surfaces to defeat COVID-19 transmission UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097297720&doi=10.1557%2fadv.2020.418&partnerID=40&md5=687157643dc8251fa089141880a2c449 ID - 536 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Urgent responses to the COVID-19 pandemic depend on increased collaboration and sharing of data, models, and resources among scientists and researchers. In many scientific fields and disciplines, institutional norms treat data, models, and resources as proprietary, emphasizing competition among scientists and researchers locally and internationally. Concurrently, long-standing norms of open data and collaboration exist in some scientific fields and have accelerated within the last two decades. In both cases—where the institutional arrangements are ready to accelerate for the needed collaboration in a pandemic and where they run counter to what is needed—the rules of the game are “on the table” for institutional-level renegotiation. These challenges to the negotiated order in science are important, difficult to study, and highly consequential. The COVID-19 pandemic offers something of a natural experiment to study these dynamics. Preliminary findings highlight: the chilling effect of politics where open sharing could be expected to accelerate; the surprisingly conservative nature of contests and prizes; open questions around whether collaboration will persist following an inflection point in the pandemic; and the strong potential for launching and sustaining pre-competitive initiatives. © 2020 President and Fellows of Harvard College AD - Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, United States School of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, United States University of Notre Dame, United States Fletcher, School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, United States CEO of WayMark Analytics, Inc, United States Department of Genetics and Biochemistry at Clemson University, United States Department of Management, Faculty of Management and Economics at, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, United States University of Virginia, United States School of Information, University of Michigan, United States San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, United States Environmental Data Science and Systems, RENCI (Renaissance Computer Institute), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Brandeis University, United States School of Labor and Employment Relations, Penn State University, United States WayMark Analytics, United States Philosophy of Justice, Rights, and Social Change at the Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, United States Seidenberg School of Computer Science and Information Systems, Pace University, United States American Geophysical Union, United States College of Information Studies, University of Maryland, United States Alaska Center for Energy and Power, University of Alaska Fairbanks, United States AU - Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J. AU - Baker, K. S. AU - Berente, N. AU - Berkman, P. A. AU - Canavan, P. AU - Feltus, F. A. AU - Garmulewicz, A. AU - Hutchins, R. AU - King, J. L. AU - Kirkpatrick, C. AU - Lenhardt, C. AU - Lewis, S. AU - Maffe, M. AU - Mittleman, B. AU - Sampath, R. AU - Shin, N. AU - Stall, S. AU - Winter, S. AU - Veazey, P. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/nejo.12340 IS - 4 J2 - Negot. J. KW - alignment COVID-19 data forums institutions interests models negotiated order negotiations pandemic resources rules of the game stakeholders LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J.; Heller School for Social Policy and Management, United States; email: joelcg@brandeis.edu Funding details: National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR Funding text 1: We appreciate the additional contributions of Mathew Mayernik, National Center for Atmospheric Research. References: (2020) Statement from the AEA Executive Committee (June 5), , https://www.aeaweb.org/news/member-announcements-june-5-2020, Available from; (2020) American Heart Association/Hitachi/BurstIQ COVID-19 Data Challenge, , https://www.herox.com/americanheartassociationcovid19, Available from; Andreoli-Versbach, P., Mueller-Langer, F., Open access to data: An ideal professed but not practised (2014) Research Policy, 43 (9), pp. 1621-1633. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2014.04.008, Available from; Aquinas, T., (1911) The Summa Theologiæ of St. Thomas Aquinas, , translated by Fathers of the English Dominican Province., New York, Benzinger Brothers; Argyris, C., (1970) Intervention theory and method, , Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley; (2011) Nicomachean ethics, , translated by R. C. Bartlett and S. D. Collins., Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Avison, D.E., Lau, F., Myers, M.D., Nielsen, P.A., Action research (1999) Communications of the ACM, 42 (1), pp. 94-97; (2020) AWS Diagnostic Development Initiative (DDI), , https://aws.amazon.com/government-education/nonprofits/disaster-response/diagnostic-dev-initiative/, Available from; Barton, C.M., Alberti, M., Ames, D., Atkinson, J., Bales, J., Burke, E., Chen, M., Tucker, G., Call for transparent COVID-19 models (2020) Science, 368 (6490), pp. 482-483. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8637, Available from; Benson, D.A., Cavanaugh, M., Clark, K., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D.J., Ostell, J., Sayers, E.W., GenBank (2013) Nucleic Acids Research, 41 (D1), pp. D36-D42. , https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1195, Available from; Berente, N., Lyytinen, K., Yoo, Y., King, J.L., Routines as shock absorbers during organizational transformation: Integration, control, and NASA’s enterprise information system (2016) Organization Science, 27 (3), pp. 551-572; Berkman, P.A., Kullerud, L., Pope, A., Vylegzhanin, A.N., Young, O.R., The Arctic Science Agreement propels science diplomacy (2017) Science, 358 (6363), pp. 596-598. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaq0890, Available from; Bitektine, A., Haack, P., The “macro” and the “micro” of legitimacy: Toward a multilevel theory of the legitimacy process (2015) Academy of Management Review, 40 (1), pp. 49-75; Bolukbasi, B., Berente, N., Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J., Dechurch, L., Flint, C., Haberman, M., King, J.L., Walker, D., Open data: Crediting a culture of cooperation (2013) Science, 342 (6162), pp. 1041-4042; Brisbois, C., Morris, M., Loë, R., Augmenting the IAD framework to reveal power in collaborative governance—An illustrative application to resource industry dominated processes (2019) World Development, 120, pp. 159-168; Burt, R., (1992) Structural holes: The social structure of competition, , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; Bush, R.A.B., Pope, S.G., Changing the quality of conflict interaction: The principles and practice of transformative mediation (2002) Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal, 3 (1), pp. 67-96; (2020) Data together COVID-19 appeal and actions, , https://codata.org/data-together-covid-19-appeal-and-actions/, Available from; Conran, J., Thelen, K.A., Institutional change (2016) The Oxford handbook of historical institutionalism, pp. 51-70. , edited by, O. Fioretos, T. G. Falleti, A. Sheingate, New York, Oxford University Press; (2020), https://gitlab.cba.mit.edu/pub/coronavirus/tracking, MIT Center for Bits and Atoms, Available from; Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J., Bargaining over how to bargain in labor–management negotiations (1994) Negotiation Journal, 10 (4), pp. 323-335; Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J., Pivotal events driving organizational and institutional transformation (2020) Negotiation Journal, 36 (2), pp. 127-139; Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J., Baker, K., Berente, N., Gershenfeld, G., Haberman, M., King, J.L., Lawrence, B., Winter, S., (2018) Stakeholder alignment, geospatial data, and environmental challenges, , Presentation at the American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting,, Washington, DC; Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J.A., Gershenfeldgershenfeld, N., The promise of self-sufficient production (2021) MIT Sloan Management Review (Winter); Dhawan, S., Chakrabarti, K., Game theory and pandemics (2020) Ecotalker, , https://ecotalker.wordpress.com/2020/04/20/game-theory-and-pandemics/, April 20. Available from; Diggs, S., (2020) “CDF & COVID-19” presentation at August 14, 2020 meeting of the Council of Data Facilities; (2013) Directive on the Re-Use of Public Sector Information, , https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:175:0001:0008:EN:PDF, June 26, Available from; Fisher, R., Ury, B., Patton, B., (1991) Getting to yes, , 2nd edn., New York, Penguin; Follet, M.P., (1940) Dynamic administration: The collected papers of Mary Parker Follett, , edited by, E. M. Fox, L. Urwick, London, Pitman Publishing; Greenwood, D.J., Levin, M., (2007) Introduction to action research, , 2nd edn., Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications; Grove, J., Nobelist calls for £1 billion Covid-19 research prize (2020) The Times Higher Education, , https://www.timeshighereducation.com/, May 1. Available from; Hardin, G., The tragedy of the commons (1968) Science, 162 (3859), pp. 1243-1248; Ienca, M., Vayena, E., On the responsible use of digital data to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Nature Medicine, 26 (4), pp. 463-464; (2020) IndieBio coronavirus initiative, , https://indiebio.co/indiebio-covid-response/, Available from; (2019) Advancing science as a global public good: Action plan 2019–2021, , https://doi.org/10.24948/2019.09, Paris, International Science Council, Available from, https://council.science/actionplan/; James, H., (1996) International monetary cooperation since Bretton Woods, , New York, Oxford University Press; (2020) COVID-19 Open Research Dataset Challenge (CORD-19), , https://www.kaggle.com/allen-institute-for-ai/CORD-19-research-challenge, Available from; Kalil, T., (2006) Prizes for technological innovation, , The Hamilton Project Discussion Paper., The Brookings Institution, (December); Kashwan, P., MacLean, L.M., García-López, G.A., Rethinking power and institutions in the shadows of neoliberalism (2019) World Development, 120, pp. 133-146. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.05.026, Available from; Knight, E., Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J., Mittleman, B., The Biomarkers Consortium: Dynamic tension and the art of managing collaborative complexity (2015) Sloan Management Review, 57 (1), pp. 16-19; Kuhn, T., (1962) The structure of scientific revolutions, , Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Latour, B., (1993) We have never been modern, , translated by C. Porter., Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; Lawrence, B.S., Who is they? Inquiries into how individuals construe social context (2011) Human Relations, 64 (6), pp. 749-773; Lax, D., Sebenius, J., (1987) The manager as negotiator, , New York, Simon and Schuster; Lewin, K., Action research and minority problems (1946) Journal of Social Issues, 2 (4), pp. 34-46; Liu, C., Zhou, Q., Li, Y., Garner, L.V., Watkins, S.P., Carter, L.J., Smoot, L.J., Albaiu, D., Research and development on therapeutic agents and vaccines for COVID-19 and related human coronavirus diseases (2020) ACS Central Science, 6 (3), pp. 315-331. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7094090/, Available from, https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.0c00272; Meisler, S., (2011) United Nations: A history, , New York, Grove Press; Michels, R., (1911) On the sociology of party politics in modern democracy: Studies on the oligarchic tendencies of group life, 250. , Leipzig, W. Klinkhardt; Mittleman, B., Neil, G., Cutcher-Gershenfeld, J., The role of consortia in transforming drug development: Why work together? (2013) Nature Biotechnology, 31 (11), pp. 979-985; Moghadas, S.M., Shoukat, A., Fitzpatrick, M.C., Wells, C.R., Sah, P., Pandey, A., Sachs, J.D., Galvani, A.P., Projecting hospital utilization during the COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States (2020) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (16), pp. 9122-9126; Moorthy, V., Restrepo, A.M.H., Preziosi, M.P., Swaminathan, S., Data sharing for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 98 (3), p. 150; Mosconi, G., Li, Q., Randall, D., Karasti, H., Tolmie, P., Barutzky, J., Korn, M., Pipek, V., Three gaps in opening science (2019) Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 28 (3-4), pp. 749-789; Najam, A., Avoid these traps when negotiating in a crisis (2020) Harvard Business Review, , March 24; (1999) Concerning federally sponsored inducement prizes in engineering and science, , https://www.nap.edu/catalog/9724/concerning-federally-sponsored-inducement-prizes-in-engineering-and-science, Washington, DC, Available from; (2020) Looking forward: Understanding the long-term effects of COVID-19, , https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/news/2020/looking-forward-understanding-long-term-effects-covid-19?, June 3. Available from; (2020) Open-access data and computational resources to address COVID-19, , https://datascience.nih.gov/covid-19-open-access-resources, Available from; North, D., Institutions (1991) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5 (1), pp. 97-112; Odell, J.S., (2000) Negotiating the world economy, , Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press; (2020) Why open science is critical to combatting COVID-19, , http://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/why-open-science-is-critical-to-combatting-covid-19-cd6ab2f9/#section-d1e114, May 12. Available from; (2013) Open public sector information: From principles to practice. February 2013, , https://www.oaic.gov.au/assets/information-policy/resources/open-public-sector-information-from-principles-to-practice.pdf, Available from; Olson, M., (1965) The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups, , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; (2020) Open source medical supplies, , https://opensourcemedicalsupplies.org/, Available from; (2013) Expanding public access to the results of federally funded research, , https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/ostp_public_access_memo_2013.pdf, February 23. Available from; Ostrom, E., (2005) Understanding institutional diversity, , Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press; Ostrom, E., (2008) Polycentric systems as one approach for solving collective-action problems, , Bloomington, Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs Research Paper (2008–11); Piketty, T., (2014) Capital in the twenty-first century, , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; Raiffa, H., (1982) The art and science of negotiation, , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; Scharff, R.C., Dusek, V., (2020) Philosophy of technology: The technological condition: An anthology, , 2nd edn., Malden, MA, Wiley Blackwell; Schein, E.H., (1985) Organizational Culture and Leadership, , Hoboken, NJ, Wiley; Schein, E., (1999) Process consultation revisited, , Reading MA, Addison-Wesley; Sebenius, J.K., (1984) Negotiating the law of the sea: Lessons in the art and science of reaching agreement, , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; Seo, M.G., Creed, W.D., Institutional contradictions, praxis, and institutional change: A dialectical perspective (2002) Academy of Management Review, 27 (2), pp. 222-247; Five ways consortia can catalyse open science (2017) Nature, 543, pp. 615-618. , Stakeholder Alignment Collaborative Baker, K. S., N. Berente, J. Cutcher-Gershenfeld, C. Flint, G. Gershenfeld, B. Grant, M. Haberman, J. L. King, C. Kirkpatrick, B. Lawrence, S. Lewis, W. C. Lenhardt, M. Mayernik, C. McElroy, B. Mittleman, N. Shin, S. Stall, S. WinterI. Zaslavsky; (2020) A prize contest: Applying history to clarify the COVID-19 challenge, , http://thestantonfoundation.org/informed-citizens/covid-19-ah-prize, Available from; Strauss, A., (1978) Negotiations: Varieties, processes, contexts, and social order, , San Francisco, CA, Jossey-Bass; Suchman, M.C., Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches (1995) The Academy of Management Review, 20 (3), pp. 571-610; (1995) World Trade Organization, , https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel2_e.htm, Available from; Ubois, J., Kalil, T., The promise of incentive prizes (2019) Stanford Social Innovation Review, , (Winter); (2020) Open science, , https://en.unesco.org/science-sustainable-future/open-science/, Available from; (2020) Open science for a global transformation: CODATA coordinated submission to the UNESCO Open Science Consultation, , https://zenodo.org/record/3935461#.XwyZKShKg2w, June 15. Available from; Walton, R., McKersie, R., (1965) A behavioral theory of labor negotiations, , New York, McGraw Hill; (2019), Available on request from West Big Data Hub and WayMark Analytics; (2020) COVID-19 to plunge global economy into worst recession since World War II, , https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2020/06/08/covid-19-to-plunge-global-economy-into-worst-recession-since-world-war-ii, June 8. Available from; (2020) XPRIZE Pandemic Alliance, , https://www.xprize.org/fight-covid19, Available from; Zarzalejos, A., Moynihan, R., A startup 3D-printed emergency breathing valves for COVID-19 patients at an Italian hospital in less than 6 hours (2020) Business Insider España, , https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-italian-hospital-3d-printed-breathing-valves-covid-19-patients-2020-3, March 17. Available from PY - 2020 SN - 07484526 (ISSN) SP - 497-534 ST - Negotiated Sharing of Pandemic Data, Models, and Resources T2 - Negotiation Journal TI - Negotiated Sharing of Pandemic Data, Models, and Resources UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091826497&doi=10.1111%2fnejo.12340&partnerID=40&md5=4cac51137a78abc4e549c444fb6a7c68 VL - 36 ID - 370 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection among People Living With HIV (PLWH) is not well-described. Objective: To study COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 PCR-based swab testing among participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Methods: A telephone survey was collected April-June 30, 2020. Symptom and testing prevalence were explored. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Results: The survey was completed by 3411 participants, including 2078 (61%) PLWH and 1333 HIV-seronegative (SN) participants from across the US. Thirteen percent (n = 441) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection (13.4% of PLWH vs 12.2% of SN). Among those tested, positivity was higher in PLWH than SN (11.2% vs 6.1%, p = 0.08). Reasons for not being tested included testing not being available (30% of participants) and not knowing where to get tested (16% of participants). Most symptoms reported since January 2020 were similar in PLWH and SN, including headache (23% vs. 24%), myalgias (19% vs 18%), shortness of breath (14% vs 13%), chills (12% vs 10%), fever (6% vs 6%) and loss of taste or smell (6% vs 7%). Among PLWH who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 DNA, the most common symptoms were headache (71%), myalgia (68%), cough (68%) and chills (65%). In multivariable analysis among those tested, the odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity were higher among PLWH than SN (aOR = 2.22 95%CI = 01.01–4.85, p = 0.046) and among those living with others versus living alone (aOR = 2.95 95%CI = 1.18–7.40). Conclusion: Prevalence and type of COVID-19 symptoms were similar in PLWH and SN. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be elevated among PLWH. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States Department of Neurology, State of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fl, United States Department of Medicine, UNC School Division of Medicine, The Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States Schools of Nursing, Public Health and Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Department of Medicine, CORE Center/Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - D’Souza, G. AU - Springer, G. AU - Gustafson, D. AU - Kassaye, S. AU - Alcaide, M. L. AU - Ramirez, C. AU - Sharma, A. AU - Palella, F. J. AU - Tien, P. C. AU - Detels, R. AU - Kempf, M. C. AU - Lahiri, C. D. AU - Rinaldo, C. R. AU - French, A. L. AU - Margolick, J. B. AU - Adimora, A. A. C2 - 33211636 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/25787489.2020.1844521 J2 - HIV Res. Clin. Pract. KW - COVID-19 epidemiology HIV MWCCS PLWH SARS-CoV-2 symptoms testing acquired immune deficiency syndrome adult aged ageusia anosmia coughing dyspnea female fever headache human Human immunodeficiency virus infection induced hypothermia isolation and purification middle aged mixed infection pathophysiology prevalence United States very elderly virology Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Aged, 80 and over Chills Coinfection Cough HIV Infections Humans LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: D’Souza, G.; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, United States Correspondence Address: Adimora, A.A.; Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, United States Funding details: P30-AI-050410 Funding details: K23AI124913 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH Funding details: National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA Funding details: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA Funding details: National Institute on Aging, NIA Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI Funding details: National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIDCD Funding details: National Institute of Nursing Research, NINR Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK Funding details: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS Funding details: National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIDCR Funding details: Merck Funding details: Gilead Sciences Funding details: Office of AIDS Research, OAR, UL1-TR000004 Funding details: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIMHD Funding details: University of California, San Francisco, UCSF, P30-AI-050409 Funding details: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD Funding details: Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC CFAR, P30-AI-027767 Funding text 1: The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). MWCCS (Principal Investigators): Atlanta CRS (Ighovwerha Ofotokun, Anandi Sheth, and Gina Wingood), U01-HL146241; Baltimore CRS (Todd Brown and Joseph Margolick), U01-HL146201; Bronx CRS (Kathryn Anastos and Anjali Sharma), U01-HL146204; Brooklyn CRS (Deborah Gustafson and Tracey Wilson), U01-HL146202; Data Analysis and Coordination Center (Gypsyamber D’Souza, Stephen Gange and Elizabeth Golub), U01-HL146193; Chicago-Cook County CRS (Mardge Cohen and Audrey French), U01-HL146245; Chicago-Northwestern CRS (Steven Wolinsky), U01-HL146240; Northern California CRS (Bradley Aouizerat, Jennifer Price, and Phyllis Tien), U01-HL146242; Los Angeles CRS (Roger Detels), U01-HL146333; Metropolitan Washington CRS (Seble Kassaye and Daniel Merenstein), U01-HL146205; Miami CRS (Maria Alcaide, Margaret Fischl, and Deborah Jones), U01-HL146203; Pittsburgh CRS (Jeremy Martinson and Charles Rinaldo), U01-HL146208; UAB-MS CRS (Mirjam-Colette Kempf, Jodie Dionne-Odom, and Deborah Konkle-Parker), U01-HL146192; UNC CRS (Adaora Adimora), U01-HL146194. The MWCCS is funded primarily by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), with additional co-funding from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD), National Institute On Aging (NIA), National Institute Of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institute Of Allergy And Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke (NINDS), National Institute Of Mental Health (NIMH), National Institute On Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute Of Nursing Research (NINR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), and in coordination and alignment with the research priorities of the National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research (OAR). MWCCS data collection is also supported by UL1-TR000004 (UCSF CTSA), P30-AI-050409 (Atlanta CFAR), P30-AI-050410 (UNC CFAR), and P30-AI-027767 (UAB CFAR). Dr. Lahiri is also supported by NIH/NIAID K23AI124913. Funding text 2: Palella FJ has been a consultant and/or has provided lectures for the following: Gilead Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, ViiV Healthcare and Merck. Sharma A has received grant funding from Gilead Sciences, Inc. PCT has received grant support from Merck. Aadimora AA has received consulting fees from Viiv, and Gilead and her institution has received funding from Gilead for her research. All other authors have no conflicts to report. References: https://covid19.who.int, Accessed August 3, 2020; Ge, H., Wang, X., Yuan, X., The epidemiology and clinical information about COVID-19 (2020) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis., 39 (6), pp. 1011-1019; Zhai, P., Ding, Y., Wu, X., Long, J., Zhong, Y., Li, Y., The epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents., 55 (5), p. 105955; Aggarwal, S., Garcia-Telles, N., Aggarwal, G., Lavie, C., Lippi, G., Henry, B.M., Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): early report from the United States (2020) Diagnosis, 7 (2), pp. 91-96; Bhatraju, P.K., Ghassemieh, B.J., Nichols, M., Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region - case series (2020) N Engl J Med., 382 (21), pp. 2012-2022; (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/planning-scenarios.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.,. Published,. Accessed August 6, 2020; Oran, D.P., Topol, E.J., Prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review (2020) Ann Intern Med., 173 (5), pp. 362-367; Argenziano, M.G., Bruce, S.L., Slater, C.L., Characterization and clinical course of 1000 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York: retrospective case series (2020) BMJ., 369, p. m1996; Docherty, A.B., Harrison, E.M., Green, C.A., Features of 20 133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO clinical characterisation protocol: prospective observational cohort study (2020) BMJ., 369, p. m1985; (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.,. Published,. Accessed August 6, 2020; (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html, COVID-19 risk: people with certain medical conditions. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.,. Published,. Accessed August 6, 2020; Garg, S., Kim, L., Whitaker, M., Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1–30, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 69 (15), pp. 458-464; Gold, J.A.W., Wong, K.K., Szablewski, C.M., Characteristics and clinical outcomes of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 - Georgia, March 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 69 (18), pp. 545-550; Price-Haywood, E.G., Burton, J., Fort, D., Seoane, L., Hospitalization and mortality among Black patients and White patients with Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med., 382 (26), pp. 2534-2543; Hsu, H.E., Ashe, E.M., Silverstein, M., Race/ethnicity, underlying medical conditions, homelessness, and hospitalization status of adult patients with COVID-19 at an Urban Safety-Net Medical Center - Boston, Massachusetts, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 69 (27), pp. 864-869; Park, L., Rentsch, C., Sigel, K., Rodriguez-Barradas, M., COVID-19 in the largest US HIV cohort AIDS 2020 Virtual Meeting Abstract; Sigel, K., Swartz, T., Golden, E., Covid-19 and people with HIV infection: outcomes for hospitalized patients in New York City [Epub Ahead of Print] (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa880, ciaa880; Kanwugu, O.N., Adadi, P., HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection: a global perspective [Epub Ahead of Print] (2020) J Med Virol, , https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26321; Preliminary estimate of excess mortality during the COVID-19 outbreak — New York City, March 11–May 2, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (19), pp. 603-605; https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/8/covid-19-and-persons-with-hiv–interim-guidance-/554/interim-guidance-for-covid-19-and-persons-with-hiv, AIDSinfo.,. Accessed June 19, 2020; Post, W.S., Budoff, M., Kingsley, L., Associations between HIV infection and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (2014) Ann Intern Med., 160 (7), pp. 458-467; Gingo, M.R., Balasubramani, G.K., Rice, T.B., Pulmonary symptoms and diagnoses are associated with HIV in the MACS and WIHS cohorts (2014) BMC Pulm Med., 14, p. 75; https://www.unaids.org/en/covid19, What people living with HIV need to know about HIV and COVID-19.,. Accessed July 19, 2020; (2020), https://mwccs.org/, Published,. Accessed July 28, 2020; https://www.aidsmap.com/news/jul-2020/no-link-between-hiv-status-and-coronavirus-outcomes-large-us-study, aidsmap.com.,. Accessed July 13, 2020; Masukume, G., Mapanga, W., Grinberg, S., van Zyl, D.S., COVID-19 and HIV co-infection an emerging consensus [Epub Ahead of Print] J Med Virol., , https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26270; Stokes, E.K., Zambrano, L.D., Anderson, K.N., Coronavirus disease 2019 case surveillance — United States, January 22–May 30, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 69 (24), pp. 759-765; Stawicki, S.P., Jeanmonod, R., Miller, A.C., The 2019-2020 novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic: a Joint American College of Academic International Medicine-World Academic Council of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary COVID-19 Working Group Consensus Paper (2020) J Glob Infect Dis., 12 (2), pp. 47-93 PY - 2020 SN - 25787489 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US: the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study T2 - HIV Research and Clinical Practice TI - COVID-19 symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV in the US: the MACS/WIHS combined cohort study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096370608&doi=10.1080%2f25787489.2020.1844521&partnerID=40&md5=e2cf8fcb03e8484a9a1384d07a68d0ca ID - 541 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States Yale New Haven Medical Center, Waterbury Hospital, Waterbury, CT, United States Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 6033 Burnett-Womack Building, 160 Dental Cir, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Davari, D. AU - Mirzaei, M. AU - Simpson, R. J., Jr. C2 - 32628247 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1912 32150242; Gan, Z.S.W., Choi, W., Lin, F.C., Factors underlying increased incidence of sudden unexpected death in rural counties in north carolina (2019) J Gen Intern Med, 34 (6), pp. 815-817. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-018-4771-5, doi: 30684197; Rural Hunger in America - SNAP: Get the Facts, , https://frac.org/research/resource-library/rural-hunger-america-snap-get-facts, Accessed March 26, 2020; Mounsey, L.A., Lin, F.C., Pursell, I., Relation of household income to incidence of sudden unexpected death in Wake County, North Carolina (2017) Am J Cardiol, 119 (7), pp. 1030-1035. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.11.061, doi: 28187864; Chart Book: SNAP Helps Struggling Families Put Food on the Table, , https://www.cbpp.org/research/food-assistance/chart-book-snap-helps-struggling-families-put-food-on-the-table, Accessed March 31, 2020 IS - 9 J2 - JAMA Intern. Med. KW - adverse outcome coronavirus disease 2019 demography family income food assistance health care access health care policy household income human incidence Letter mortality risk North Carolina pandemic priority journal social determinants of health sudden death catering service poverty Death, Sudden Food Supply Humans LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Simpson, R.J.; Division of Cardiology, 160 Dental Cir, United States; email: rsimpson@med.unc.edu PY - 2020 SN - 21686106 (ISSN) SP - 1259-1260 ST - Limiting Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Eligibility May Increase Sudden Death T2 - JAMA Internal Medicine TI - Limiting Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Eligibility May Increase Sudden Death UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088388495&doi=10.1001%2fjamainternmed.2020.1912&partnerID=40&md5=67a1bf74d8dc412e7a0f2a633ecccac0 VL - 180 ID - 396 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, United States Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Deming, M. E. AU - Michael, N. L. AU - Robb, M. AU - Cohen, M. S. AU - Neuzil, K. M. C2 - 32610006 C7 - e63 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMp2020076 IS - 10 J2 - New Engl. J. Med. KW - SARS-CoV-2 vaccine COVID-19 vaccine virus vaccine biosafety coronavirus disease 2019 disease model drug efficacy drug research drug safety drug screening economic recession good manufacturing practice human infection control infection risk materials handling morbidity mortality pandemic practice guideline priority journal proof of concept protocol compliance public health service randomized controlled trial (topic) reliability research ethics Review risk assessment risk reduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 treatment outcome United States virus immunity World Health Organization Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection ethics human experiment patient safety risk virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Human Experimentation Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :27 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NEJMA Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19 vaccine; Viral Vaccines References: Eyal, N., Lipsitch, M., Smith, P.G., Human challenge studies to accelerate coronavirus vaccine licensure (2020) J Infect Dis, 221, pp. 1752-1756; Shah, S.K., Miller, F.G., Darton, T.C., Ethics of controlled human infection to address COVID-19 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 832-834; Plotkin, S.A., Caplan, A., Extraordinary diseases require extraordinary solutions (2020) Vaccine, 38, pp. 3987-3988; (2020) Feasibility, Potential Value and Limitations of Establishing a Closely Monitored Challenge Model of Experimental COVID-19 Infection and Illness in Healthy Young Adult Volunteers, , https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/feasibility-potential-value-and-limitations-of-establishing-a-closely-monitored-challenge-model-of-experimental-covid-19-infection-and-illness-in-healthy-young-adult-volunteers, Geneva: World Health Organization; Bradburne, A.F., Bynoe, M.L., Tyrrell, D.A.J., Effects of a “new” human respiratory virus in volunteers (1967) Br Med J, 3, pp. 767-769 PY - 2020 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) ST - Accelerating development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines - The role for controlled human infection models T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - Accelerating development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines - The role for controlled human infection models UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089824400&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMp2020076&partnerID=40&md5=272582eb7d6fa656e083d35ab6bc0e44 VL - 383 ID - 368 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coronaviruses are prone to transmission to new host species, as recently demonstrated by the spread to humans of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic1. Small animal models that recapitulate SARS-CoV-2 disease are needed urgently for rapid evaluation of medical countermeasures2,3. SARS-CoV-2 cannot infect wild-type laboratory mice owing to inefficient interactions between the viral spike protein and the mouse orthologue of the human receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)4. Here we used reverse genetics5 to remodel the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and mouse ACE2 and designed mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 MA), a recombinant virus that can use mouse ACE2 for entry into cells. SARS-CoV-2 MA was able to replicate in the upper and lower airways of both young adult and aged BALB/c mice. SARS-CoV-2 MA caused more severe disease in aged mice, and exhibited more clinically relevant phenotypes than those seen in Hfh4-ACE2 transgenic mice, which express human ACE2 under the control of the Hfh4 (also known as Foxj1) promoter. We demonstrate the utility of this model using vaccine-challenge studies in immune-competent mice with native expression of mouse ACE2. Finally, we show that the clinical candidate interferon-λ1a (IFN-λ1a) potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in primary human airway epithelial cells in vitro—both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of IFN-λ1a diminished SARS-CoV-2 replication in mice. In summary, the mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 MA model demonstrates age-related disease pathogenesis and supports the clinical use of pegylated IFN-λ1a as a treatment for human COVID-196. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Eiger BioPharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, United States Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, CA, United States Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Edwards, C. E. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Montgomery, S. A. AU - West, A. AU - Yount, B. L., Jr. AU - Hou, Y. J. AU - Adams, L. E. AU - Gully, K. L. AU - Brown, A. J. AU - Huang, E. AU - Bryant, M. D. AU - Choong, I. C. AU - Glenn, J. S. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Sheahan, T. P. AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 32854108 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41586-020-2708-8 IS - 7830 J2 - Nature KW - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 peginterferon lambda virus spike protein alpha interferon COVID-19 vaccine dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase forkhead transcription factor FOXJ1 protein, mouse IFNL1 protein, human interferon interleukin derivative virus receptor virus vaccine disease control laboratory method numerical model parasite transmission severe acute respiratory syndrome testing method virus adult aged airway epithelium cell animal cell animal experiment animal model animal tissue Article controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity female gene gene control Hfh4 gene human human cell in vitro study infection prevention lower respiratory tract male mouse nonhuman pathogenesis priority journal promoter region protein expression protein protein interaction reverse genetics Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus entry virus inhibition virus replication young adult aging animal Bagg albino mouse Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection disease model drug effect genetics immunology metabolism molecular model pandemic pathogenicity transgenic mouse virus pneumonia Animalia Coronavirus Mus Mus musculus SARS coronavirus Animals Coronavirus Infections Disease Models, Animal Forkhead Transcription Factors Humans Interferon-alpha Interferons Interleukins Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Transgenic Models, Molecular Pandemics Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Pneumonia, Viral Receptors, Virus Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :71 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NATUA Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, United States; email: rbaric@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: peginterferon lambda, 914617-98-4; dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, 9015-82-1; angiotensin converting enzyme 2; COVID-19 vaccine; Forkhead Transcription Factors; FOXJ1 protein, mouse; IFNL1 protein, human; Interferon-alpha; Interferons; Interleukins; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Receptors, Virus; Viral Vaccines Manufacturers: Eiger Funding details: 1U19 AI142759, 5R01AI132178 Funding details: T32 AI007151, T32 AI007419 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, HHSN272201700036I Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI, 5P30CA016086-41 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF, DK065988 Funding details: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, BOUCHE15RO Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC Funding details: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC-CH Funding text 1: Acknowledgements This project was funded in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Service award: 1U19 AI142759 (Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development Center awarded to R.S.B.); 5R01AI132178 (partnership grant awarded to T.P.S. and R.S.B.) and an animal models contract from the NIH (HHSN272201700036I). This project was supported in part by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly. K.H.D. is funded by an NIH NIAID T32 AI007419. D.R.M. is funded by an NIH NIAID T32 AI007151 and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award. The Marsico Lung Institute Tissue Procurement and Cell Culture Core is supported by NIH grant DK065988 and Cystic Fibrosis Foundation grant BOUCHE15RO. Animal histopathology service was performed by D. Hilliard and L. Wang in the Animal Histopathology and Laboratory Medicine Core at the University of North Carolina, which is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant (5P30CA016086-41) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. References: Li, Q., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1199-1207. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmt1Whtrw%3D, PID: 7121484; Corbett, K.S., SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine development enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2622-0; Hassan, A.O., A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies (2020) Cell., 182, pp. 744-753. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFyktLzJ, PID: 32553273; Zhou, P., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXksFKlsLg%3D, PID: 32015507; Hou, Y.J., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFGhtrbI, PID: 32526206; Andreakos, E., Tsiodras, S., COVID-19: Lambda interferon against viral load and hyperinflammation (2020) EMBO Mol. Med, 12; Humeniuk, R., Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of remdesivir, an antiviral for treatment of COVID-19, in healthy subjects (2020) Clin. Transl. Sci, 13, pp. 896-906; Hassan, A.O., A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 744-753. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFyktLzJ, PID: 32553273; Jiang, R.D., Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 50-58. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFWks7vJ, PID: 32516571; Bao, L., The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 830-833. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVCisrnM, PID: 32380511; Sun, S.H., A mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 28, pp. 124-133. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVKmtrrE, PID: 32485164; Sun, J., Generation of a broadly useful model for COVID-19 pathogenesis, vaccination, and treatment (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 734-743. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFyktrjE, PID: 32643603; Israelow, B., Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling (2020) J. Exp. Med, 217; Kim, Y.I., Infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 704-709. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmsl2qsLs%3D, PID: 32259477; Imai, M., Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development (2020) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci, 117, pp. 16587-16595. , USA; Sia, S.F., Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 834-838. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVCisrjK, PID: 32408338; Rockx, B., Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1012-1015. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVCnur3P, PID: 32303590; Yu, P., Age-related rhesus macaque models of COVID-19 (2020) Animal Model. Exp. Med, 3, pp. 93-97; Munster, V.J., Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 585, pp. 268-272. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVygtLvP, PID: 32396922; Ostrowski, L.E., Hutchins, J.R., Zakel, K., O’Neal, W.K., Targeting expression of a transgene to the airway surface epithelium using a ciliated cell-specific promoter (2003) Mol. Ther., 8, pp. 637-645. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXns1Kqs7g%3D, PID: 14529837; Menachery, V.D., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 113, pp. 3048-3053. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XktV2msr8%3D, PID: 26976607; Hou, Y.J., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFGhtrbI, PID: 32526206; Abdi, K., Uncovering inherent cellular plasticity of multiciliated ependyma leading to ventricular wall transformation and hydrocephalus (2018) Nat. Commun., 9. , PID: 29695808; Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Baric, R.S., Ferris, M.T., New metrics for evaluating viral respiratory pathogenesis (2015) PLoS ONE, 10. , PID: 26115403; Roberts, A., A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice (2007) PLoS Pathog., 3. , PID: 17222058; Menachery, V.D., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med., 21, pp. 1508-1513. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhslKgt7nO, PID: 26552008; Wang, D., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan (2020) China. J. Am. Med. Assoc; de Wit, E., van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Munster, V.J., SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 14, pp. 523-534. , PID: 27344959; Roberts, A., Aged BALB/c mice as a model for increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome in elderly humans (2005) J. Virol, 79, pp. 5833-5838; Kotenko, S.V., IFN-λs mediate antiviral protection through a distinct class II cytokine receptor complex (2003) Nat. Immunol., 4, pp. 69-77. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xps1eltL8%3D, PID: 12483210; Sheppard, P., IL-28, IL-29 and their class II cytokine receptor IL-28R (2003) Nat. Immunol., 4, pp. 63-68. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xps1elt7c%3D, PID: 12469119; Elazar, M., Glenn, J.S., Emerging concepts for the treatment of hepatitis delta (2017) Curr. Opin. Virol., 24, pp. 55-59. , PID: 28475945; Lan, J., Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXoslOqtL8%3D, PID: 32225176; Shang, J., Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 221-224. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXoslOqtbs%3D, PID: 32225175; Felgenhauer, U., Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by type I and type III interferons (2020) J. Biol. Chem, , jbc.AC120.013788; Muir, A.J., A randomized phase 2b study of peginterferon lambda-1a for the treatment of chronic HCV infection (2014) J. Hepatol., 61, pp. 1238-1246. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsF2lsrjL, PID: 25064437; Chan, H.L.Y., Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: A randomized phase 2b study (LIRA-B) (2016) J. Hepatol., 64, pp. 1011-1019. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xitlyqtbc%3D, PID: 26739688; Li, L., IFN-lambda preferably inhibits PEDV infection of porcine intestinal epithelial cells compared with IFN-alpha (2017) Antiviral Res., 140, pp. 76-82. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhvF2ju7s%3D, PID: 28109912; Mordstein, M., Lambda interferon renders epithelial cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts resistant to viral infections (2010) J. Virol., 84, pp. 5670-5677; Rockx, B., Escape from human monoclonal antibody neutralization affects in vitro and in vivo fitness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2010) J. Infect. Dis., 201, pp. 946-955. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXkslSlur4%3D, PID: 20144042; Sui, J., Effects of human anti-spike protein receptor binding domain antibodies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralization escape and fitness (2014) J. Virol, 88, pp. 13769-13780; Rockx, B., Structural basis for potent cross-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protection against lethal human and zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge (2008) J. Virol., 82, pp. 3220-3235; Zost, S.J., Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 443-449. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsF2ntLrM, PID: 32668443; McCray, P.B., Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J. Virol, 81, pp. 813-821; Li, F., Li, W., Farzan, M., Harrison, S.C., Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor (2005) Science, 309, pp. 1864-1868; Yount, B., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 100, pp. 12995-13000. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXoslKms74%3D, PID: 14569023; Scobey, T., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. 16157-16162. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1SqtbfO, PID: 24043791; Agnihothram, S., Development of a broadly accessible Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particle vaccine platform (2018) J. Virol., 92, pp. e00027-18; Fulcher, M.L., Gabriel, S., Burns, K.A., Yankaskas, J.R., Randell, S.H., Well-differentiated human airway epithelial cell cultures (2005) Methods Mol. Med., 107, pp. 183-206; Davidson, S., IFNλ is a potent anti-influenza therapeutic without the inflammatory side effects of IFNα treatment (2016) EMBO Mol. Med., 8, pp. 1099-1112 PY - 2020 SN - 00280836 (ISSN) SP - 560-566 ST - A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures T2 - Nature TI - A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089860081&doi=10.1038%2fs41586-020-2708-8&partnerID=40&md5=cd8cf074d70b47f70336200627dc5cbd VL - 586 ID - 319 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose of Review: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global health crisis of our time. The disease arises from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on host cells for its internalization. COVID-19 has a wide range of respiratory symptoms from mild to severe and affects several other organs, increasing the complexity of the treatment. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can target the nervous system. In this review, we provide an account of the COVID-19 central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. Recent Findings: A broad spectrum of the CNS manifestations including headache, impaired consciousness, delirium, loss of smell and taste, encephalitis, seizures, strokes, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, neurogenic respiratory failure, encephalopathy, silent hypoxemia, generalized myoclonus, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and Kawasaki syndrome has been reported in patients with COVID-19. Summary: CNS manifestations associated with COVID-19 should be considered in clinical practice. There is a need for modification of current protocols and standing orders to provide better care for COVID-19 patients presenting with neurological symptoms. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. AD - Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States Research Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Department of Neurology, Loyola University, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de’ Lellis District General Hospital, Rieti, Italy Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Neurology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, India Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas at Houston, Houston, TX, United States Neurology Department, Texas Tech Health University, Health Sciences Center, El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States Departments of Clinical Neurological sciences, Western University, London, Canada AU - Divani, A. A. AU - Andalib, S. AU - Biller, J. AU - Napoli, D. M. AU - Moghimi, N. AU - Rubinos, C. A. AU - Nobleza, C. O. H. AU - Sylaja, P. N. AU - Toledano, M. AU - Lattanzi, S. AU - McCullough, L. D. AU - Cruz-Flores, S. AU - Torbey, M. AU - Azarpazhooh, M. R. C2 - 33128130 C7 - 60 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s11910-020-01079-7 , https://doi.org/; Davis, D.H., Muniz Terrera, G., Keage, H., Rahkonen, T., Oinas, M., Matthews, F.E., Delirium is a strong risk factor for dementia in the oldest-old: a population-based cohort study (2012) Brain J Neurol, 135, pp. 2809-2816; Rogers, J.P., Chesney, E., Oliver, D., Pollak, T.A., McGuire, P., Fusar-Poli, P., Zandi, M.S., David, A.S., Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Lancet Psychiatry, 7 (7), pp. 611-627; Beltrán-Corbellini, Á., Chico-García, J.L., Martínez-Poles, J., Rodríguez-Jorge, F., Natera-Villalba, E., Gómez-Corral, J., Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of COVID-19: A pilot multicentre polymerase chain reaction based case-control study (2020) European Journal of Neurology, , https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14273, ahead of print; Eliezer, M., Hautefort, C., Hamel, A.L., Verillaud, B., Herman, P., Houdart, E., Sudden and complete olfactory loss function as a possible symptom of COVID-19 (2020) JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck Surgery, , https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0832; Cooper, K.W., Brann, D.H., Farruggia, M.C., Bhutani, S., Pellegrino, R., Tsukahara, T., Weinreb, C., di Pizio, A., COVID-19 and the chemical senses: supporting players take center stage (2020) Neuron., 107 (2), pp. 219-233; Galougahi, M.K., Ghorbani, J., Bakhshayeshkaram, M., Naeini, A.S., Haseli, S., Olfactory bulb magnetic resonance imaging in SARS-CoV-2-induced anosmia: the first report (2020) Acad Radiol, 27 (6), pp. 892-893; Parma, V., Ohla, K., Veldhuizen, M.G., Niv, M.Y., Kelly, C.E., Bakke, A.J., Cooper, K.W., Hayes, J.E., More than smell - COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis (2020) Chem Senses, 45, pp. 609-622; Bagheri, S.H., Asghari, A., Farhadi, M., Shamshiri, A.R., Kabir, A., Kamrava, S.K., Coincidence of COVID-19 epidemic and olfactory dysfunction outbreak in Iran (2020) Med J Islam Rep Iran, 34 (1), pp. 446-452; Gilani, S., Roditi, R., Naraghi, M., COVID-19 and anosmia in Tehran (2020) Iran Med Hypotheses, 141, p. 109757; Giacomelli, A., Pezzati, L., Conti, F., Bernacchia, D., Siano, M., Oreni, L., Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: A cross-sectional study (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 70. , ahead of print; Menni, C., Valdes, A., Freydin, M.B., Ganesh, S., El-Sayed Moustafa, J., Visconti, A., Loss of smell and taste in combination with other symptoms is a strong predictor of COVID-19 infection (2020) Medrxiv., , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.05.20048421; Novi, G., Rossi, T., Pedemonte, E., Saitta, L., Rolla, C., Roccatagliata, L., Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, 7 (5). , https://doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000797; Kaye, R., Chang, C.W.D., Kazahaya, K., Brereton, J., Denneny, J.C., 3rd, COVID-19 anosmia reporting tool: initial findings (2020) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 163 (1), pp. 132-134; Lechien, J.R., Chiesa-Estomba, C.M., de Siati, D.R., Horoi, M., Le Bon, S.D., Rodriguez, A., Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multicenter European study (2020) Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol., , ahead of print; Song, J., Deng, Y.-K., Wang, H., Wang, Z.-C., Liao, B., Ma, J., Self-reported taste and smell disorders in patients with COVID-19: Distinct features in China (2020) Medrxiv.; Moein, S.T., Hashemian, S.M., Mansourafshar, B., Khorram-Tousi, A., Tabarsi, P., Doty, R.L., Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19 (2020) Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 10, pp. 944-950; Yan, C.H., Faraji, F., Prajapati, D.P., Boone, C.E., Deconde, A.S., Association of chemosensory dysfunction and Covid-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms (2020) International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, , https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22579, A cross-sectional study reporting that patients with loss of smell and taste are approximately 10 times more likely to suffer from COVID-19, in comparison with other causes of infection; Boesveldt, S., Postma, E.M., Boak, D., Welge-Luessen, A., Schöpf, V., Mainland, J.D., Martens, J., Duffy, V.B., Anosmia-a clinical review (2017) Chem Senses, 42 (7), pp. 513-523; Karimi, N., Sharifi Razavi, A., Rouhani, N., Frequent convulsive seizures in an adult patient with COVID-19: a case report (2020) Iran Red Crescent Med J, 22 (3); Moriguchi, T., Harii, N., Goto, J., Harada, D., Sugawara, H., Takamino, J., A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2 (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94, pp. 55-58. , A case report confirming SARS-CoV-2 the CSF; Lu, L., Xiong, W., Liu, D., Liu, J., Yang, D., Li, N., Mu, J., Zhou, D., New onset acute symptomatic seizure and risk factors in coronavirus disease 2019: a retrospective multicenter study (2020) Epilepsia., 61 (6), pp. e49-e53; Yazbeck, M., Sra, P., Parvizi, J., Rapid response electroencephalography for urgent evaluation of patients in community hospital intensive care practice (2019) J Neurosci Nurs, 51 (6), pp. 308-312; Louis, S., Dhawan, A., Newey, C., Nair, D., Jehi, L., Hantus, S., Continuous electroencephalography (CEEG) characteristics and acute symptomatic seizures in COVID-19 patients (2020) Medrxiv; Galanopoulou, A.S., Ferastraoaru, V., Correa, D.J., Cherian, K., Duberstein, S., Gursky, J., Hanumanthu, R., Boro, A., EEG findings in acutely ill patients investigated for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: a small case series preliminary report (2020) Epilepsia Open, 5 (2), pp. 314-324; Hepburn, M., Mullaguri, N., George, P., Hantus, S., Punia, V., Bhimraj, A., Acute symptomatic seizures in critically ill patients with COVID-19: Is there an association? (2020) Neurocrit Care, pp. 1-5. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-020-01006-1; Vollono, C., Rollo, E., Romozzi, M., Frisullo, G., Servidei, S., Borghetti, A., Calabresi, P., Focal status epilepticus as unique clinical feature of COVID-19: a case report (2020) Seizure., 78, pp. 109-112; McAbee, G.N., Brosgol, Y., Pavlakis, S., Agha, R., Gaffoor, M., Encephalitis associated with COVID-19 infection in an 11 year-old child (2020) Pediatr Neurol, 109, p. 94; Trinka, E., Cock, H., Hesdorffer, D., Rossetti, A.O., Scheffer, I.E., Shinnar, S., Shorvon, S., Lowenstein, D.H., A definition and classification of status epilepticus--report of the ILAE task force on classification of status epilepticus (2015) Epilepsia., 56 (10), pp. 1515-1523; University of Liverpool, , https://www.covid19-druginteractions.org; Kenney-Jung, D.L., Vezzani, A., Kahoud, R.J., LaFrance-Corey, R.G., Ho, M.-L., Muskardin, T.W., Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome treated with anakinra (2016) Ann Neurol, 80 (6), pp. 939-945; Hartings, J.A., Ngwenya, L.B., Carroll, C.P., Foreman, B., Letter to the Editor. Ketamine sedation for the suppression of spreading depolarizations J. Neurosurg., 2018, pp. 1-2. , https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.6.Jns18235; Carlson, A.P., Abbas, M., Alunday, R.L., Qeadan, F., Shuttleworth, C.W., Spreading depolarization in acute brain injury inhibited by ketamine: a prospective, randomized, multiple crossover trial (2018) J Neurosurg, 130, pp. 1-7; Ye, M., Ren, Y., Lv, T., Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19 (2020) Brain Behav Immun., , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.017; Duong, L., Xu, P., Liu, A., Meningoencephalitis without respiratory failure in a young female patient with COVID-19 infection in downtown Los Angeles, early April 2020 (2020) Brain Behav Immunity., , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.024; Bernard-Valnet, R., Pizzarotti, B., Anichini, A., Demars, Y., Russo, E., Schmidhauser, M., Two patients with acute meningoencephalitis concomitant with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Eur. J. Neurol., , https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14298; Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., Tan, W., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) Jama., 323 (18), pp. 1843-1844; Benameur, K., Agarwal, A., Auld, S.C., Butters, M.P., Webster, A.S., Ozturk, T., Early release-encephalopathy and encephalitis associated with cerebrospinal fluid cytokine alterations and coronavirus disease, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 2020 (2020) Emerg Infect Dis., p. 26. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2609.202122; Dubot-Pérès, A., Sengvilaipaseuth, O., Chanthongthip, A., Newton, P.N., de Lamballerie, X., How many patients with anti-JEV IgM in cerebrospinal fluid really have Japanese encephalitis? (2015) Lancet Infect Dis, 15 (12), pp. 1376-1377; Arankalle, V.A., Srivastava, N., Kushwaha, K.P., Sen, A., Ramdasi, A.Y., Patel, P.A., Kuthe, S., Ingle, N.B., Detection of human parvovirus 4 DNA in the patients with acute encephalitis syndrome during seasonal outbreaks of the disease in Gorakhpur, India (2019) Emerg Microbes Infect, 8 (1), pp. 130-138; Hu, W.T., Willoughby, R.E., Jr., Dhonau, H., Mack, K.J., Long-term follow-up after treatment of rabies by induction of coma (2007) N Engl J Med, 357 (9), pp. 945-946; Debiasi, R.L., Tyler, K.L., Molecular methods for diagnosis of viral encephalitis (2004) Clin Microbiol Rev, 17 (4), pp. 903-925; Solomon, I.H., Normandin, E., Bhattacharyya, S., Mukerji, S.S., Keller, K., Ali, A.S., Adams, G., Sabeti, P., Neuropathological features of Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 989-992; Pilotto, A., Odolini, S., Masciocchi, S., Comelli, A., Volonghi, I., Gazzina, S., Steroid-responsive encephalitis in coronavirus disease 2019 Ann Neurol, , https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25783; Sarma, D., Bilello, L.A., (2020) A Case Report of Acute Transverse Myelitis Following Novel Coronavirus Infection, , https://doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2020.5.47937, ahead of print; Zhao, K., Huang, J., Dai, D., Feng, Y., Liu, L., Nie, S., Acute myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report (2020) Medrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.16.20035105; Valiuddin, H., Skwirsk, B., Paz-Arabo, P., Acute transverse myelitis associated with SARS-CoV-2: a case-report (2020) Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health, 5, p. 100091; Zhang, T., Rodricks, M.B., Hirsh, E., COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: A case report (2020) Medrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20068148; Parsons, T., Banks, S., Bae, C., Gelber, J., Alahmadi, H., Tichauer, M., COVID-19-associated acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) (2020) J Neurol, 267, pp. 1-4; Reichard, R.R., Kashani, K.B., Boire, N.A., Constantopoulos, E., Guo, Y., Lucchinetti, C.F., Neuropathology of COVID-19: a spectrum of vascular and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like pathology (2020) Acta Neuropathol, 140 (1), pp. 1-6; Poyiadji, N., Shahin, G., Noujaim, D., Stone, M., Patel, S., Griffith, B., COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features (2020) Radiology., pp. E119-E120. , 201187; Dixon, L., Varley, J., Gontsarova, A., Mallon, D., Tona, F., Muir, D., COVID-19-related acute necrotizing encephalopathy with brain stem involvement in a patient with aplastic anemia (2020) Neurol(R) Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammat, 7 (5). , https://doi.org/10.1212/nxi.0000000000000789; Wu, X., Wu, W., Pan, W., Wu, L., Liu, K., Zhang, H.L., Acute necrotizing encephalopathy: an underrecognized clinicoradiologic disorder (2015) Mediat Inflamm, 2015, pp. 792578-792510; Radmanesh, A., Derman, A., Ishida, K., COVID-19-associated delayed posthypoxic necrotizing leukoencephalopathy (2020) J Neurol Sci, 415, p. 116945; Kishfy, L., Casasola, M., Banankhah, P., Parvez, A., Jan, Y.J., Shenoy, A.M., Thomson, C., AbdelRazek, M.A., Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a neurological association in severe Covid-19 (2020) J Neurol Sci, 414, p. 116943; Kaya, Y., Kara, S., Akinci, C., Kocaman, A.S., Transient cortical blindness in COVID-19 pneumonia; a PRES-like syndrome: case report (2020) J Neurol Sci, 413, p. 116858; Parauda, S.C., Gao, V., Gewirtz, A.N., Parikh, N.S., Merkler, A.E., Lantos, J., White, H., Segal, A.Z., Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Neurol Sci, 416, p. 117019; Rogg, J., Baker, A., Tung, G., Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): another imaging manifestation of COVID-19 (2020) Interdiscip Neurosurg, 22, p. 100808; Sachs, J.R., Gibbs, K.W., Swor, D.E., Sweeney, A.P., Williams, D.W., Burdette, J.H., West, T.G., Geer, C.P., COVID-19-associated leukoencephalopathy (2020) Radiology., pp. E184-E185. , 201753; Radmanesh, A., Derman, A., Lui, Y.W., Raz, E., Loh, J.P., Hagiwara, M., Borja, M.J., Fatterpekar, G.M., COVID-19 -associated diffuse leukoencephalopathy and microhemorrhages (2020) Radiology., 40, pp. E223-E227; Rábano-Suárez, P., Bermejo-Guerrero, L., Méndez-Guerrero, A., Parra-Serrano, J., Toledo-Alfocea, D., Sánchez-Tejerina, D., Generalized myoclonus in COVID-19 (2020) Neurology, , https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009829; Li, Y., Li, M., Wang, M., Zhou, Y., Chang, J., Xian, Y., Acute cerebrovascular disease following COVID-19: A single center, retrospective, observational study (2020) Stroke Vasc Neurol, , https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2020-000431; Carfì, A., Bernabei, R., Landi, F., Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19 (2020) Jama., 324, pp. 603-605; Klok, F.A., Kruip, M., van der Meer, N.J.M., Arbous, M.S., Gommers, D., Kant, K.M., Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 (2020) Thromb Res, 191, pp. 145-147; Zhang, Y., Xiao, M., Zhang, S., Xia, P., Cao, W., Jiang, W., Chen, H., Zhang, S., Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (17); Avula, A., Nalleballe, K., Narula, N., Sapozhnikov, S., Dandu, V., Toom, S., Glaser, A., Elsayegh, D., COVID-19 presenting as stroke (2020) Brain Behav Immun, 87, pp. 115-119; Yaghi, S., Ishida, K., Torres, J., Mac Grory, B., Raz, E., Humbert, K., SARS2-CoV-2 and stroke in a New York healthcare system (2020) Stroke, , ahead of print; Oxley, T.J., Mocco, J., Majidi, S., Kellner, C.P., Shoirah, H., Singh, I.P., de Leacy, R.A., Fifi, J.T., Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid-19 in the young (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (20); Zhao, J., Rudd, A., Liu, R., Challenges and potential solutions of stroke care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak (2020) Stroke., 51, pp. 1356-1357; Papi, C., Spagni, G., Alexandre, A., Calabresi, P., Marca, G.D., Broccolini, A., Unprotected stroke management in an undiagnosed case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (2020) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, p. 104981. , 104981; Sharifi-Razavi, A., Karimi, N., Rouhani, N., COVID 19 and intra cerebral hemorrhage: causative or coincidental (2020) New Microbes New Infect, 35, p. 100669; Zahid, M.J., Baig, A., Galvez-Jimenez, N., Martinez, N., Hemorrhagic stroke in setting of severe COVID-19 infection requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (2020) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, p. 105016. , 105016; Dogra, S., Jain, R., Cao, M., Bilaloglu, S., Zagzag, D., Hochman, S., Lewis, A., Berger, J., Hemorrhagic stroke and anticoagulation in COVID-19 (2020) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, p. 104984. , 104984; Behzadnia, H., Omrani, S.N., Nozari-Golsefid, H., Moslemi, S., Alijani, B., Reyhanian, Z., Ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Roman J Neurol, 19 (1), pp. 166-170; Haddadi, K., Ghasemian, R., Shafizad, M., Basal ganglia involvement and altered mental status: a unique neurological manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) Cureus, 12 (4), pp. e7869-e7786; Zulfiqar, A.-A., Lorenzo-Villalba, N., Hassler, P., Andrès, E., Immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient with Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (18), pp. e43-e44; Hanafi, R., Roger, P.A., Perin, B., Kuchcinski, G., Deleval, N., Dallery, F., Michel, D., Constans, J.M., COVID-19 neurologic complication with CNS vasculitis-like pattern (2020) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 41, pp. 1384-1387; Hughes, C., Nichols, T., Pike, M., Subbe, C., Elghenzai, S., Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis as a presentation of COVID-19 (2020) Eur J Case Rep Intern Med, 7 (5), p. 001691; Klein, D.E., Libman, R., Kirsch, C., Arora, R., Cerebral venous thrombosis: a typical presentation of COVID-19 in the young (2020) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 29 (8), p. 104989; Lodigiani, C., Iapichino, G., Carenzo, L., Cecconi, M., Ferrazzi, P., Sebastian, T., Kucher, N., Barco, S., Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan (2020) Italy Thromb Res, 191, pp. 9-14; Xie, J., Tong, Z., Guan, X., Du, B., Qiu, H., Clinical characteristics of patients who died of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) JAMA Network Open, 3 (4), pp. e205619-e220561; Coen, M., Allali, G., Adler, D., Serratrice, J., Hypoxemia in COVID-19; comment on: “the neuroinvasive potential of SARS - CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients (2020) J Med Virol, 92 (7), pp. 703-704; Menter, T., Haslbauer, J.D., Nienhold, R., Savic, S., Hopfer, H., Deigendesch, N., Frank, S., Tzankov, A., Post-mortem examination of COVID19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings of lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction (2020) Histopathology., 77, pp. 198-209; Ra, U., Verma, K., Happy hypoxemia in COVID-19-a neural hypothesis (2020) ACS Chem Neurosci, 11 (13), pp. 1865-1867. , https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00318; Tobin, M.J., Laghi, F., Jubran, A., Why COVID-19 silent hypoxemia is baffling to physicians (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 202 (3), pp. 356-360; Dhont, S., Derom, E., Van Braeckel, E., Depuydt, P., Lambrecht, B.N., The pathophysiology of 'happy' hypoxemia in COVID-19 (2020) Respir Res, 21 (1), p. 198; Ottestad, W., Søvik, S., COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure: what can we learn from aviation medicine? (2020) Br J Anaesth, 125, pp. e280-e281; Román Gc, Reis, S.P.S., Buguet, J., Faris, A., Katrak, M.E.A.S.M., The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: A proposal from the Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology to implement international neurological registries J Neurol Sci, 2020. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.116884, The review paper highlights neurological complications in patients with COVID-19; Kajani, R., Apramian, A., Vega, A., Ubhayakar, N., Xu, P., Liu, A., Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a COVID-19 patient (2020) Brain Behav Immun, 88, pp. 28-29; Sriwijitalai, W., Wiwanitkit, V., Hearing loss and COVID-19: a note (2020) Am J Otolaryngol, p. 102473. , 102473; Dong, B., Zhang, C., Feng, J.B., Zhao, Y.X., Li, S.Y., Yang, Y.P., Dong, Q.L., Zhang, Y., Overexpression of ACE2 enhances plaque stability in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis (2008) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 28 (7), pp. 1270-1276; (2020) Kids with Kawasaki disease symptoms possibly linked to COVID-19; coronavirus infection leading to critical illness in children remains very infrequent, , https://newsroom.heart.org/news/kids-with-kawasaki-disease-symptoms-possibly-linked-to-covid-19-coronavirus-infection-leading-to-critical-illness-in-children-remains-very-infrequent; Jones, V.G., Mills, M., Suarez, D., Hogan, C.A., Yeh, D., Segal, J.B., Nguyen, E.L., Mathew, R., COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease: novel virus and novel case (2020) Hosp Pediatr, 10 (6), pp. 537-540; Whittaker, E., Bamford, A., Kenny, J., Kaforou, M., Jones, C.E., Shah, P., Clinical characteristics of 58 children with a pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Jama, , ahead of print; Toubiana, J., Poirault, C., Corsia, A., Bajolle, F., Fourgeaud, J., Angoulvant, F., Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study (2020) BMJ (Clinical research ed), 369, p. m2094; Dugue, R., Cay-Martínez, K.C., Thakur, K.T., Garcia, J.A., Chauhan, L.V., Williams, S.H., Neurologic manifestations in an infant with COVID-19 (2020) Neurology, 94 (24); Appleby, J., What is happening to non-covid deaths? (2020) BMJ (Clinical research ed), 369, p. m1607; Qureshi, A.I., Abd-Allah, F., Al-Senani, F., Aytac, E., Borhani-Haghighi, A., Ciccone, A., Management of acute ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection: insights from an international panel (2020) Am J Emerg Med., 38 (7), pp. 1548.e5-1548.e7; Naccarato, M., Scali, I., Olivo, S., Ajčević, M., Buoite Stella, A., Furlanis, G., Lugnan, C., Manganotti, P., Has COVID-19 played an unexpected “stroke” on the chain of survival? (2020) J Neurol Sci, 414, p. 116889; Sylaja, P.N., Srivastava, M.V.P., Shah, S., Bhatia, R., Khurana, D., Sharma, A., Pandian, J.D., Bhattacharya, P., The SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic and challenges in stroke care in India (2020) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1473, pp. 3-10; Cox, M., Ramchand, P., McCabe, M., Hoey, C., Lehmann, J., Collinson, R., Kung, D., Sedora-Roman, N.I., Neuroendovascular treatment of acute stroke during COVID-19: a guide from the frontlines (2020) J Radiol Nurs, 39, pp. 168-173; Nguyen, T.N., Abdalkader, M., Jovin, T.G., Nogueira, R.G., Jadhav, A.P., Haussen, D.C., Hassan, A.E., Liebeskind, D.S., Mechanical thrombectomy in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: emergency preparedness for neuroscience teams: a guidance statement from the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology (2020) Stroke., 51 (6), pp. 1896-1901; Temporary emergency guidance to US stroke centers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2020) Stroke, 51 (6), pp. 1910-1912. , https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.030023; Yang, B., Wang, T., Chen, J., Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Gao, P., Li, G., Jiao, L., Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process and outcome of thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke (2020) J Neurointervent Surg, 12 (7), pp. 664-668; Sheth, S.A., Wu, T.C., Sharrief, A., Ankrom, C., Grotta, J.C., Fisher, M., Savitz, S.I., Early lessons from world war COVID reinventing our stroke systems of care (2020) Stroke., 51 (7), pp. 2268-2272; Fletcher-Sandersjöö, A., Bartek, J., Jr., Thelin, E.P., Eriksson, A., Elmi-Terander, A., Broman, M., Predictors of intracranial hemorrhage in adult patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an observational cohort study (2017) J Intensive Care, 5, p. 27; Azarpazhooh, M.R., Morovatdar, N., Avan, A., Phan, T.G., Divani, A.A., Yassi, N., Stranges, S., di Napoli, M., COVID-19 pandemic and burden of non-communicable diseases: an ecological study on data of 185 countries: COVID-19 and non-communicable diseases (2020) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, p. 105089. , 105089; Somani, S., Pati, S., Gaston, T., Chitlangia, A., Agnihotri, S., De novo status epilepticus in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Ann Clin Transl Neurol, , https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51071; Brun, G., Hak, J.F., Coze, S., Kaphan, E., Carvelli, J., Girard, N., COVID-19-White matter and globus pallidum lesions: Demyelination or small-vessel vasculitis? (2020) Neurol(R) Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 7 (4) IS - 12 J2 - Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. KW - CNS manifestations COVID-19 Neurological manifestations Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Stroke angiotensin converting enzyme 2 benzodiazepine carbamazepine D dimer haloperidol lacosamide levetiracetam lorazepam nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent olanzapine phenobarbital phenytoin primidone quetiapine risperidone thiopental topiramate troponin valproic acid acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ageusia anosmia brain disease central nervous system disease cerebrovascular accident consciousness disorder coronavirus disease 2019 delirium disease association electroencephalography encephalitis headache human hypoxemia leukoencephalopathy mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome myelitis myoclonus neuroleptic malignant syndrome neurotropism respiratory failure Review seizure Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus cell interaction virus entry Betacoronavirus Coronavirinae Coronavirus infection virus pneumonia Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CNNRB Correspondence Address: Divani, A.A.; Department of Neurology, United States; email: adivani@gmail.com Chemicals/CAS: benzodiazepine, 12794-10-4; carbamazepine, 298-46-4, 8047-84-5; haloperidol, 52-86-8, 1511-16-6; lacosamide, 175481-36-4; levetiracetam, 102767-28-2; lorazepam, 846-49-1; olanzapine, 132539-06-1; phenobarbital, 50-06-6, 57-30-7, 8028-68-0; phenytoin, 57-41-0, 630-93-3; primidone, 125-33-7; quetiapine, 111974-72-2; risperidone, 106266-06-2; thiopental, 71-73-8, 76-75-5; topiramate, 97240-79-4; valproic acid, 1069-66-5, 99-66-1 PY - 2020 SN - 15284042 (ISSN) ST - Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 T2 - Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports TI - Central Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094672613&doi=10.1007%2fs11910-020-01079-7&partnerID=40&md5=030af21f74c325d80d5daf42fec470f9 VL - 20 ID - 269 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the field of rheumatology, in both the delivery of clinical care and didactic education for our trainees. These changes have generated significant strain for program directors and clinical educators who have had to leverage technology and develop new systems to ensure continued trainee education and assessment. We aim to outline the impacts on formal education programs presented by these unprecedented disruptions, describe the development and deployment of online teaching, reflect on the challenges and opportunities for technology-enabled learning and use of social media for education, and give some international perspectives on impacts on postgraduate rheumatology training outside the USA. With the rapid dissolution of barriers in place during the pre-COVID-19 era, we have the opportunity to assess the efficacy of new methods of care and further integrate technology into teaching and assessment. We propose that a hybrid in-person and technology-enabled learning approach, so-called blended learning, is likely to remain the most desirable future model for supporting trainee learning. © 2020, International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR). AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Galter Pavilion, 675 N St Clair St Ste 14-100, Chicago, IL 60611, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Charité University Medicine, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Dua, A. B. AU - Kilian, A. AU - Grainger, R. AU - Fantus, S. A. AU - Wallace, Z. S. AU - Buttgereit, F. AU - Jonas, B. L. C2 - 33067772 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s10067-020-05449-x IS - 12 J2 - Clin. Rheumatol. KW - COVID19 Fellowship Medical education Technology-enabled education Virtual learning blended learning clinical assessment clinical effectiveness collaborative learning coronavirus disease 2019 education program human hybrid knowledge learning medical information medical technology online system pandemic postgraduate education postgraduate student priority journal Review rheumatic disease rheumatology social media teaching United States virtual learning environment Coronavirus infection curriculum education information dissemination procedures virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Education, Distance Education, Medical, Graduate Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CLRHD Correspondence Address: Dua, A.B.; Department of Medicine, Galter Pavilion, 675 N St Clair St Ste 14-100, United States; email: Anisha.dua@northwestern.edu References: Wood, P.R., Caplan, L., Outcomes, satisfaction, and costs of a rheumatology telemedicine program: a longitudinal evaluation (2019) JCR: J Clin Rheumatol, 25 (1), pp. 41-44. , PID: 30461466; Kulcsar, Z., Albert, D., Ercolano, E., Mecchella, J.N., Telerheumatology: a technology appropriate for virtually all (2016) Semin Arthritis Rheum, 46 (3), pp. 380-385; Kilian, A., Upton, L.A., Battafarano, D.F., Monrad, S.U., Workforce trends in rheumatology (2019) Rheum Dis Clin N Am, 45 (1), pp. 13-26; Piga, M., Cangemi, I., Mathieu, A., Cauli, A., Telemedicine for patients with rheumatic diseases: systematic review and proposal for research agenda (2017) Semin Arthritis Rheum, 47 (1), pp. 121-128; Shaw, S.C.K., Hopelessness, helplessness and resilience: the importance of safeguarding our trainees' mental wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Nurse Educ Pract, 44, p. 102780; Isaza-Restrepo, A., Gómez, M.T., Cifuentes, G., Argüello, A., The virtual patient as a learning tool: a mixed quantitative qualitative study (2018) BMC Med Educ, 18 (1), p. 297; Frenk, J., Chen, L., Bhutta, Z.A., Cohen, J., Crisp, N., Evans, T., Fineberg, H., Zurayk, H., Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world (2010) Lancet, 376 (9756), pp. 1923-1958; West, C.P., Shanafelt, T.D., Kolars, J.C., Quality of life, burnout, educational debt, and medical knowledge among internal medicine residents (2011) Jama, 306 (9), pp. 952-960. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFyrsb7E; Mayer, R.E., Applying the science of learning to medical education (2010) Med Educ, 44 (6), pp. 543-549; Hodges, C., M, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., Bond, A., The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning (2020) Educause Review, , https://er.educause.edu/articles/2020/3/the-difference-between-emergency-remote-teaching-and-online-learning, Retrieved from; Kirkley, S.E., Kirkley, J.R., Creating next generation blended learning environments using mixed reality (2005) Video Games and Simulations TechTrends, 49 (3), pp. 42-53; Grainger, R., Liu, Q., Geertshuis, S., Learning technologies: a medium for the transformation of medical education? (2020) Med Educ, , (,),., https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14261; Latif, M.Z., Hussain, I., Saeed, R., Qureshi, M.A., Maqsood, U., Use of smart phones and social media in medical education: trends, advantages, challenges and barriers (2019) Acta informatica medica: AIM: journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina: casopis Drustva za medicinsku informatiku BiH, 27 (2), pp. 133-138; Sterling, M., Leung, P., Wright, D., Bishop, T.F., The use of social media in graduate medical education: a systematic review (2017) Acad Med, 92 (7), pp. 1043-1056; Brown, C.R., Jr., Criscione-Schreiber, L., O'Rourke, K.S., Fuchs, H.A., Putterman, C., Tan, I.J., Valeriano-Marcet, J., Bolster, M.B., What is a rheumatologist and how do we make one? (2016) Arthritis Care & Research, 68 (8), pp. 1166-1172; Keswani, A., Brooks, J.P., Khoury, P., The future of telehealth in allergy and immunology training (2020) The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, , In practice, p. S2213–2198(20)30481–5 PY - 2020 SN - 07703198 (ISSN) SP - 3535-3541 ST - Challenges, collaboration, and innovation in rheumatology education during the COVID-19 pandemic: leveraging new ways to teach T2 - Clinical Rheumatology TI - Challenges, collaboration, and innovation in rheumatology education during the COVID-19 pandemic: leveraging new ways to teach UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092601968&doi=10.1007%2fs10067-020-05449-x&partnerID=40&md5=18b7ee6b8feff4c971785b5dae0bf696 VL - 39 ID - 270 ER - TY - JOUR AD - School of Nursing, Boston College, Boston, MA, United States School of Nursing, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Nursing, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, United States AU - Edmonds, J. K. AU - Kneipp, S. M. AU - Campbell, L. C2 - 32281160 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/phn.12733 IS - 3 J2 - Public Health Nurs. KW - chronic disease contact examination coronavirus disease 2019 disease surveillance Editorial emergency care epidemic financial management health care cost health workforce human infant mortality infection prevention laboratory test maternal care maternal mortality nondiscrimination policy nurse pandemic practice guideline public health public health service quarantine socioeconomics vaccination Betacoronavirus Coronavirinae Coronavirus infection virus pneumonia Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Humans Nurses, Public Health Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PHNUE Correspondence Address: Edmonds, J.K.; School of Nursing, United States; email: joyce.edmonds@bc.edu References: (1946) Public health nurses lauded by Truman, , New York Times; (2008) Report on a public health nurse to population ratio, , http://www.quadcouncilphn.org/documents-3/2008-astdn-report-on-a-public-health-nurse-to-population-ratio/, Retrieved from; Campbell, L.A., Harmon, M.J., Joyce, B.L., Little, S.H., Quad Council Coalition community/public health nursing competencies: Building consensus through collaboration (2020) Public Health Nursing, 37 (96-112). , https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/phn.12666; (2020) Immediate plans for Coronavirus disease 2019 supplemental funding to jurisdictions, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/supplemental-funding-to-jurisdictions.pdf, Retrieved from; (2017) The public health system & the 10 essential public health services, , https://www.cdc.gov/stltpublichealth/publichealthservices/essentialhealthservices.html, Retrieved from; (2020), H.R.748, U.S. Congress; (2018) Developing a financing system to support public health infrastructure, , https://www.resolve.ngo/docs/phlf_developingafinancingsystemtosupportpublichealth636869439688663025.pdf, Retrieved from; Spetz, J., (2020) There are not nearly enough nurses to handle the surge of Coronavirus patients: Here's how to close the gap quickly, , https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200327.714037/full/, Retrieved from; (2019) The impact of chronic underfunding of America's public health system: Trends, risks, and recommendations, 2019 PY - 2020 SN - 07371209 (ISSN) SP - 323-324 ST - A call to action for public health nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Public Health Nursing TI - A call to action for public health nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083485534&doi=10.1111%2fphn.12733&partnerID=40&md5=615262242ee074e3daeecc5afaa0881c VL - 37 ID - 511 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Zoonotic coronaviruses represent an ongoing threat, yet the myriads of circulating animal viruses complicate the identification of higher-risk isolates that threaten human health. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered, highly pathogenic virus that likely evolved from closely related HKU2 bat coronaviruses, circulating in Rhinolophus spp. bats in China and elsewhere. As coronaviruses cause severe economic losses in the pork industry and swine are key intermediate hosts of human disease outbreaks, we synthetically resurrected a recombinant virus (rSADS-CoV) as well as a derivative encoding tomato red fluorescent protein (tRFP) in place of ORF3. rSADS-CoV replicated efficiently in a variety of continuous animal and primate cell lines, including human liver and rectal carcinoma cell lines. Of concern, rSADS-CoV also replicated efficiently in several different primary human lung cell types, as well as primary human intestinal cells. rSADS-CoV did not use human coronavirus ACE-2, DPP4, or CD13 receptors for docking and entry. Contemporary human donor sera neutralized the group I human coronavirus NL63, but not rSADS-CoV, suggesting limited human group I coronavirus cross protective herd immunity. Importantly, remdesivir, a broad-spectrum nucleoside analog that is effective against other group 1 and 2 coronaviruses, efficiently blocked rSADS-CoV replication in vitro. rSADS-CoV demonstrated little, if any, replicative capacity in either immune-competent or immunodeficient mice, indicating a critical need for improved animal models. Efficient growth in primary human lung and intestinal cells implicate SADS-CoV as a potential higher-risk emerging coronavirus pathogen that could negatively impact the global economy and human health. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Chemical and Biological Signatures Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, United States Department of Comparative Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Edwards, C. E. AU - Yount, B. L. AU - Graham, R. L. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Hou, Y. J. AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - Sims, A. C. AU - Swanstrom, J. AU - Gully, K. AU - Scobey, T. D. AU - Cooley, M. R. AU - Currie, C. G. AU - Randell, S. H. AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 33046644 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1073/pnas.2001046117 IS - 43 J2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. KW - Coronavirus Emerging infectious disease One Health SADS angiotensin converting enzyme 2 dipeptidyl peptidase IV microsomal aminopeptidase red fluorescent protein remdesivir adenosine phosphate alanine photoprotein animal cell animal experiment animal model animal tissue Article cells by body anatomy controlled study drug efficacy drug mechanism hepatocellular carcinoma cell line herd immunity human human cell immunocompetence in vitro study infection risk infection sensitivity intestine cell lung alveolus cell molecular docking mouse nonhuman open reading frame primate priority journal rectum carcinoma swine acute diarrhea syndrome Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus virus cell interaction virus entry virus inhibition virus neutralization virus recombinant virus replication virus strain virus transmission Alphacoronavirus animal cell culture Chlorocebus aethiops Coronavirus infection disease predisposition drug effect gene expression genetics growth, development and aging host range physiology Vero cell line virology Adenosine Monophosphate Animals Cells, Cultured Coronavirus Infections Disease Susceptibility Host Specificity Humans Luminescent Proteins Mice Vero Cells LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PNASA Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: rbaric@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: dipeptidyl peptidase IV, 54249-88-6; microsomal aminopeptidase, 9054-63-1; red fluorescent protein, 251925-26-5; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; adenosine phosphate, 61-19-8, 8063-98-7; alanine, 56-41-7, 6898-94-8; Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Luminescent Proteins; remdesivir Funding details: AI089728, AI132178, AI142759, AI151797 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, DK065988 Funding details: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, BOUCHE19R0 Funding details: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC-CH Funding text 1: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Provision of primary human lung cells by Dr. Randell was supported by grants from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (BOUCHE19R0) and NIH (DK065988). We thank Dr. Camille Ehre for providing the primary human intestinal cells for this study. This project was supported by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly. This work was also supported by NIH Grants AI089728, AI142759, AI132178, and AI151797 (to R.S.B.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. References: Mackenzie, J. S., Jeggo, M., The One Health approach—Why is it so important? (2019) Trop. Med. Infect. Dis, 4, p. 88; Wang, Q., Vlasova, A. N., Kenney, S. P., Saif, L. J., Emerging and re-emerging coronaviruses in pigs (2019) Curr. Opin. Virol, 34, pp. 39-49; Corman, V. M., Muth, D., Niemeyer, D., Drosten, C., Hosts and sources of endemic human coronaviruses (2018) Adv. Virus Res, 100, pp. 163-188; Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)—Update, , https://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_07_23_mers/en/, WHO, Accessed 7 October 2019; (2003), https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/, WHO, Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July Accessed 7 October 2019; Ge, X.-Y., Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor (2013) Nature, 503, pp. 535-538; Menachery, V. D., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med, 21, pp. 1508-1513; Menachery, V. D., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 113, pp. 3048-3053; Novel coronavirus—China, , https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020novel-coronavirus-china/en/, WHO, Accessed 7 February 2020; Zhou, P., Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin (2018) Nature, 556, pp. 255-258; Jung, K., Hu, H., Saif, L. J., Porcine deltacoronavirus infection: Etiology, cell culture for virus isolation and propagation, molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis (2016) Virus Res, 226, pp. 50-59; Mora-Díaz, J. C., Piñeyro, P. E., Houston, E., Zimmerman, J., Giménez-Lirola, L. G., Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus: A review (2019) Front. Vet. Sci, 6, p. 53; Saif, L. J., van Cott, J. L., Brim, T. A., Immunity to transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus infections in swine (1994) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol, 43, pp. 89-97; Woo, P. C., Coronavirus HKU15 in respiratory tract of pigs and first discovery of coronavirus quasispecies in 5′-untranslated region (2017) Emerg. Microbes Infect, 6, p. e53; Gong, L., A new bat-HKU2-like coronavirus in swine, China, 2017 (2017) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 23, pp. 1607-1609; Huang, X., Human coronavirus HKU1 spike protein uses O-acetylated sialic acid as an attachment receptor determinant and employs hemagglutinin-esterase protein as a receptor-destroying enzyme (2015) J. Virol, 89, pp. 7202-7213; Zhou, L., The re-emerging of SADS-CoV infection in pig herds in southern China (2019) Transbound. Emerg. Dis, 66, pp. 2180-2183; Huang, Y.-W., Origin, evolution, and genotyping of emergent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains in the United States (2013) mBio, 4, pp. e00737-13; Lin, C.-M., Saif, L. J., Marthaler, D., Wang, Q., Evolution, antigenicity and pathogenicity of global porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains (2016) Virus Res, 226, pp. 20-39; Yount, B., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 100, pp. 12995-13000; Scobey, T., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Yount, B., Denison, M. R., Weiss, S. R., Baric, R. S., Systematic assembly of a full-length infectious cDNA of mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (2002) J. Virol, 76, pp. 11065-11078; Donaldson, E. F., Systematic assembly of a full-length infectious clone of human coronavirus NL63 (2008) J. Virol, 82, pp. 11948-11957; Yount, B., Curtis, K. M., Baric, R. S., Strategy for systematic assembly of large RNA and DNA genomes: Transmissible gastroenteritis virus model (2000) J. Virol, 74, pp. 10600-10611; Menachery, V. D., Trypsin treatment unlocks barrier for zoonotic bat coronavirus infection (2020) J. Virol, 94, pp. e01774-19; Beall, A., Characterization of a pathogenic full-length cDNA clone and transmission model for porcine Epidemic diarrhea virus strain PC22A (2016) mBio, 7, pp. e01451-15; Huynh, J., Evidence supporting a zoonotic origin of human coronavirus strain NL63 (2012) J. Virol, 86, pp. 12816-12825; Agnihothram, S., Development of a broadly accessible Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particle vaccine platform (2018) J. Virol, 92, pp. e00027-18; Yang, Y. L., Broad cross-species infection of cultured cells by bat HKU2-related swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus and identification of its replication in murine dendritic cells in vivo highlight its potential for diverse interspecies transmission (2019) J. Virol, 93, pp. e01448-19; Baik, J. Y., Lee, K. H., A framework to quantify karyotype variation associated with CHO cell line instability at a single-cell level (2017) Biotechnol. Bioeng, 114, pp. 1045-1053; Jiang, G., Comprehensive comparison of molecular portraits between cell lines and tumors in breast cancer (2016) BMC Genomics, 17, p. 525. , (suppl. 7); Vcelar, S., Karyotype variation of CHO host cell lines over time in culture characterized by chromosome counting and chromosome painting (2018) Biotechnol. Bioeng, 115, pp. 165-173; Corman, V. M., Link of a ubiquitous human coronavirus to dromedary camels (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 113, pp. 9864-9869; Hou, Y. J., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446. , e14; Baudon, E., Swine influenza viruses in northern Vietnam in 2013-2014 (2018) Emerg. Microbes Infect, 7, p. 123; Niederwerder, M. C., Hesse, R. A., Swine enteric coronavirus disease: A review of 4 years with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus and porcine deltacoronavirus in the United States and Canada (2018) Transbound. Emerg. Dis, 65, pp. 660-675; Sharma, V., Kaushik, S., Kumar, R., Yadav, J. P., Kaushik, S., Emerging trends of Nipah virus: A review (2019) Rev. Med. Virol, 29, p. e2010; Vojtek, I., Buchy, P., Doherty, T. M., Hoet, B., Would immunization be the same without cross-reactivity? (2019) Vaccine, 37, pp. 539-549; Gilchuk, I., Cross-neutralizing and protective human antibody specificities to poxvirus infections (2016) Cell, 167, pp. 684-694. , e9; Guy, J. S., Breslin, J. J., Breuhaus, B., Vivrette, S., Smith, L. G., Characterization of a coronavirus isolated from a diarrheic foal (2000) J. Clin. Microbiol, 38, pp. 4523-4526; Hatch, G. J., Assessment of the protective effect of Imvamune and Acam2000 vaccines against aerosolized monkeypox virus in cynomolgus macaques (2013) J. Virol, 87, pp. 7805-7815; Hoffmann, M., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280. , e8; Vijgen, L., Complete genomic sequence of human coronavirus OC43: Molecular clock analysis suggests a relatively recent zoonotic coronavirus transmission event (2005) J. Virol, 79, pp. 1595-1604; Li, W., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003) Nature, 426, pp. 450-454; Wang, Q., Bat origins of MERS-CoV supported by bat coronavirus HKU4 usage of human receptor CD26 (2014) Cell Host Microbe, 16, pp. 328-337; Li, W., Broad receptor engagement of an emerging global coronavirus may potentiate its diverse cross-species transmissibility (2018) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 115, pp. E5135-E5143; Bonavia, A., Zelus, B. D., Wentworth, D. E., Talbot, P. J., Holmes, K. V., Identification of a receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein of human coronavirus HCoV-229E (2003) J. Virol, 77, pp. 2530-2538; Raj, V. S., Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC (2013) Nature, 495, pp. 251-254; Frieman, M. B., SARS-CoV pathogenesis is regulated by a STAT1 dependent but a type I, II and III interferon receptor independent mechanism (2010) PLoS Pathog, 6, p. e1000849; Roth-Cross, J. K., Bender, S. J., Weiss, S. R., Murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus is recognized by MDA5 and induces type I interferon in brain macrophages/microglia (2008) J. Virol, 82, pp. 9829-9838; Tang, J. W., INSPIRE investigators, Global epidemiology of non-influenza RNA respiratory viruses: Data gaps and a growing need for surveillance (2017) Lancet Infect. Dis, 17, pp. e320-e326; Carrasco-Hernandez, R., Jácome, R., López Vidal, Y., Ponce de León, S., Are RNA viruses candidate agents for the next global pandemic? A review (2017) ILAR J, 58, pp. 343-358; Hu, B., Ge, X., Wang, L.-F., Shi, Z., Bat origin of human coronaviruses (2015) Virol. J, 12, p. 221; Tao, Y., Surveillance of bat coronaviruses in Kenya identifies relatives of human coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and their recombination history (2017) J. Virol, 91, pp. e01953-16; Corman, V. M., Evidence for an ancestral association of human coronavirus 229E with bats (2015) J. Virol, 89, pp. 11858-11870; Graham, R. L., Baric, R. S., Recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: Mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission (2010) J. Virol, 84, pp. 3134-3146; Cotten, M., Spread, circulation, and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2014) mBio, 5, pp. e01062-13; Forni, D., Cagliani, R., Clerici, M., Sironi, M., Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes (2017) Trends Microbiol, 25, pp. 35-48; Latinne, A., Origin and cross-species transmission of bat coronaviruses in China, , bioRxiv: (31 May 2020); Yang, Y.-L., Characterization of a novel bat-HKU2-like swine enteric alphacoronavirus (SeACoV) infection in cultured cells and development of a SeACoV infectious clone (2019) Virology, 536, pp. 110-118; Mulangu, S., A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics (2019) N. Engl. J. Med, 381, pp. 2293-2303. , PALM Writing Group; PALM Consortium Study Team; Grein, J., Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 2327-2336; Sheahan, T. P., An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice (2020) Sci. Transl. Med, 12, p. eabb5883; Agostini, M. L., Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease (2018) mBio, 9, pp. e00221-18; Brown, A. J., Broad spectrum antiviral remdesivir inhibits human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses with a highly divergent RNA dependent RNA polymerase (2019) Antiviral Res, 169, p. 104541; Sheahan, T. P., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci. Transl. Med, 9, p. eaal3653; Pruijssers, A. J., Remdesivir inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells and Chimeric SARS-CoV expressing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase in mice (2020) Cell Rep, 32, p. 107940; Sheahan, T. P., Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV (2020) Nat. Commun, 11, p. 222; Wang, D., Fang, L., Xiao, S., Porcine epidemic diarrhea in China (2016) Virus Res, 226, pp. 7-13; Paarlberg, P. L., Seitzinger, A. H., Lee, J. G., Mathews, K., (2008) Economic Impacts of Foreign Animal Disease, , (Economic Research Service ERR-57, U.S. Department of Agriculture); Drexler, J. F., Genomic characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus in European bats and classification of coronaviruses based on partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequences (2010) J. Virol, 84, pp. 11336-11349; Du, L., The spike protein of SARS-CoV—A target for vaccine and therapeutic development (2009) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 7, pp. 226-236; Kim, H., Lee, Y. K., Kang, S. C., Han, B. K., Choi, K. M., Recent vaccine technology in industrial animals (2016) Clin. Exp. Vaccine Res, 5, pp. 12-18; Zhao, J., Airway memory CD4(+) T cells mediate protective immunity against emerging respiratory coronaviruses (2016) Immunity, 44, pp. 1379-1391; Li, F., Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins (2016) Annu. Rev. Virol, 3, pp. 237-261; Liu, C., Cell entry of porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus is activated by lysosomal proteases (2016) J. Biol. Chem, 291, pp. 24779-24786; Yang, Y., Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 111, pp. 12516-12521; Zheng, Y., Lysosomal proteases are a determinant of coronavirus tropism (2018) J. Virol, 92, pp. e01504-e01518; White, E. S., Lung extracellular matrix and fibroblast function (2015) Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc, 12, pp. S30-S33. , (suppl. 1); Aman, J., Weijers, E. M., van Nieuw Amerongen, G. P., Malik, A. B., van Hinsbergh, V. W., Using cultured endothelial cells to study endothelial barrier dysfunction: Challenges and opportunities (2016) Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol, 311, pp. L453-L466; Yang, Y. L., Yu, J. Q., Huang, Y. W., Swine enteric alphacoronavirus (swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus): An update three years after its discovery (2020) Virus Res, 285, p. 198024; Amuguni, H., Bikaako, W., Naigaga, I., Bazeyo, W., Building a framework for the design and implementation of One Health curricula in East and Central Africa: OHCEAs One Health training modules development process (2019) One Health, 7, p. 100073; Baum, S. E., Machalaba, C., Daszak, P., Salerno, R. H., Karesh, W. B., Evaluating One Health: Are we demonstrating effectiveness? (2016) One Health, 3, pp. 5-10; Sheahan, T., Rockx, B., Donaldson, E., Corti, D., Baric, R., Pathways of cross-species transmission of synthetically reconstructed zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2008) J. Virol, 82, pp. 8721-8732; Sims, A. C., Release of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nuclear import block enhances host transcription in human lung cells (2013) J. Virol, 87, pp. 3885-3902; Fulcher, M. L., Randell, S. H., Human nasal and tracheo-bronchial respiratory epithelial cell culture (2013) Methods Mol. Biol, 945, pp. 109-121; Wang, Y., Self-renewing monolayer of primary colonic or rectal epithelial cells (2017) Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol, 4, pp. 165-182. , e7; Debbink, K., Human norovirus detection and production, quantification, and storage of virus-like particles human norovirus virus-like particles (2013) Curr. Protoc. Microbiol, 31. , 15K.1.1-15K.1.45; Agnihothram, S., A mouse model for betacoronavirus subgroup 2c using a bat coronavirus strain HKU5 variant (2014) mBio, 5, pp. e00047-14; Edwards, C. E., Mutant Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus strain icSADS, complete genome GenBank, , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MT039231, Deposited on 10 June 2020; Edwards, C. E., Mutant Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus strain icSADS-tRFP, complete genome GenBank, , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MT039232, Deposited on 10 June 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 00278424 (ISSN) SP - 26915-26925 ST - Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus replication in primary human cells reveals potential susceptibility to infection T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus replication in primary human cells reveals potential susceptibility to infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094805497&doi=10.1073%2fpnas.2001046117&partnerID=40&md5=0d79250387ad612f11ecbfd36ff7ca7b VL - 117 ID - 316 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Edwards, J. K. AU - Cole, S. R. AU - Adimora, A. A. C2 - 33010832 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32020-1 IS - 10256 J2 - Lancet KW - chloroquine cytochrome P450 2D6 remdesivir viral protein adenosine phosphate alanine African American China Chinese coronavirus disease 2019 CYP2D6 gene disease severity drug approval drug efficacy drug targeting ethnic difference European Food and Drug Administration gene genetic difference genetic variability genetic variation heredity Hispanic human Japan Letter medical research methodology mutation rate pharmacogenetics pharmacogenomics priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 treatment outcome United States adult Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection double blind procedure pandemic virus pneumonia Adenosine Monophosphate Coronavirus Infections Double-Blind Method Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: LANCA Chemicals/CAS: chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; adenosine phosphate, 61-19-8, 8063-98-7; alanine, 56-41-7, 6898-94-8; Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; remdesivir References: Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Du, G., Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1569-1578; Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1787-1799; Edwards, J.K., Cole, S.R., Westreich, D., Age at entry into care, timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation, and 10-year mortality among HIV-seropositive adults in the United States (2015) Clin Infect Dis, 61, pp. 1189-1195 PY - 2020 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) SP - 953 ST - Remdesivir and COVID-19 T2 - The Lancet TI - Remdesivir and COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091935453&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2820%2932020-1&partnerID=40&md5=7c3124b74f993a17d63c350ecd578f88 VL - 396 ID - 329 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Baric and Boucher Laboratories, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Ehre, C. C2 - 32877585 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMicm2023328 IS - 10 J2 - New Engl. J. Med. KW - airway cell biosafety coronavirus disease 2019 HBEC cell line (bronchial epithelium) health care facility human inoculation laboratory test nonhuman Note priority journal scanning electron microscopy Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Betacoronavirus bronchus cell culture Coronavirus infection cytology epithelium cell pandemic pathology ultrastructure virology virus culture virus pneumonia Bronchi Cells, Cultured Coronavirus Infections Epithelial Cells Humans Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Virus Cultivation LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NEJMA Correspondence Address: Ehre, C.; Baric and Boucher Laboratories, United States; email: cehre@med.unc.edu PY - 2020 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) SP - 969 ST - SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway cells T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway cells UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090261665&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMicm2023328&partnerID=40&md5=9c5265402baea9e2163281e77227f241 VL - 383 ID - 367 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of Cincinnati, 234, Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States Staten Island University hospital, New York, NY, United States Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, United States UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - England, E. AU - Kanfi, A. AU - Flink, C. AU - Vagal, A. AU - Sarkany, D. AU - Patel, M. D. AU - Milburn, J. AU - Chadalavada, S. AU - Jordan, S. C2 - 32417034 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.acra.2020.05.001 . PubMed PMID:32216719; Cavallo, J.J., Forman, H.P., The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology practices (2020) Radiology, , 32293225 Epub 2020/04/16PubMed PMID:; https://radiologyresidentcorelectures.com/, Radiologists AoU. Radiology resident core curriculum lecture series. 2020[cited 04/05/2020]. Available from:; (2020) APDR virtual noon conference series, , https://apdr.org/uploadedFiles/Content/Residents_Students/APDR_Noon_Conference_Schedule.pdf, [cited 04/05/2020]. Available from:; https://apdr.org/template.aspx?id=1677, Radiology AoPDI. Online education resources. 2020[cited 04/05/2020]. Available from:; Hammer, M.M., Shetty, A.S., Cizman, Z., Results of the 2015 survey of the American alliance of academic chief residents in radiology (2015) Acad Radiol, 22 (10), pp. 1308-1316. , 26297641 Epub 2015/08/25PubMed PMID:; Vagal, A., Reeder, S.B., Sodickson, D.K., The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the radiology research enterprise: radiology scientific expert panel. Radiology.0(0):201393. doi:. PubMed PMID:32293224; https://www.acgme.org/COVID-19/Specialty-Letters-to-the-Community.%20Accessed%20April%2028, ACGME. ACGME response to pandemic crisis2020[cited 05/01/2020]. Available from:; https://www.rsna.org/covid-19, RSNA. COVID-19 resources. 2020[cited 05/01/2020]. Available from:; Ericson-Lidman, E., Strandberg, G., Burnout: co-workers' perceptions of signs preceding workmates' burnout (2007) J Adv Nurs, 60 (2), pp. 199-208. , 17877567 Epub 2007/09/20PubMed PMID:; Maunder, R.G., Leszcz, M., Savage, D., Applying the lessons of SARS to pandemic influenza: an evidence-based approach to mitigating the stress experienced by healthcare workers (2008) Can J Public Health, 99 (6), pp. 486-488. , 19149392 Epub 2009/01/20. PubMed PMID. PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5148615; Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Vincent, L., The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital (2003) Can Med Assoc J, 168 (10), pp. 1245-1251. , 12743065 Epub 2003/05/14. PubMed PMID:. PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC154178; Hernandez, M., Long, C.P., Sitkin, S.B., Cultivating follower trust: are all leader behaviors equally influential? (2014) Organ Stud, 35 (12), pp. 1867-1892; Clinic, M., (2016), Make the difference: preventing medical trainee suicide; https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PFAssets/ProgramRequirements/CPRResidency2019.pdf, ACGME. ACGME common program requirements (Residency). 2018[cited 05/01/2020]. Available from:; England, E., Patel, M.D., Jordan, S., Promoting well-being in radiology residency: a primer for program directors. Acad Radiol. doi:; (2020), Radiology TACo. Combating the COVID-19 pandemic: a collection of well-being resources for radiologists; https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Milestones/DiagnosticRadiologyMilestones.pdf?ver=2015-11-06-120532-380, ABR Aa. The diagnostic radiology milestone project. 2015[cited 04/05/2020]. Available from:; https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Milestones/DiagnosticRadiologyMilestones2.0.pdf?ver=2020-03-10-155615-320, ACGME. Diagnostic radiology milestones. 2012[updated 12/2019; cited 04/05/2020]. Available from:; https://www.ncdhhs.gov/divisions/public-health/covid19/child-care, Department of Health & Human Services. Available from:UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086324719&doi=10.1016%2fj.acra.2020.05.001&partnerID=40&md5=2dcb16e476b10bcd6660128659c01909 IS - 8 J2 - Acad. Radiol. KW - COVID-19 Education Radiology Residency program management Well-being adaptation coronavirus disease 2019 education program experience health care system human Note pandemic priority journal residency education wellbeing LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :18 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ARADF Correspondence Address: England, E.; University of Cincinnati, 234, Goodman Street, United States; email: englanec@ucmail.uc.edu Funding text 1: Human centered design grant, ACR Innovation Fund. PY - 2020 SN - 10766332 (ISSN) SP - 1140-1146 ST - Radiology Residency Program Management in the COVID Era – Strategy and Reality T2 - Academic Radiology TI - Radiology Residency Program Management in the COVID Era – Strategy and Reality VL - 27 ID - 432 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged our ability to provide timely surgical care for our patients. In response, the U.S. Surgeon General, the American College of Srugeons, and other surgical professional societies recommended postponing elective surgical procedures and proceeding cautiously with cancer procedures that may require significant hospital resources and expose vulnerable patients to the virus. These challenges have particularly distressing for women with a gynecologic cancer diagnosis and their providers. Currently, circumstances vary greatly by region and by hospital, depending on COVID-19 prevalence, case mix, hospital type, and available resources. Therefore, COVID-19-related modifications to surgical practice guidelines must be individualized. Special consideration is necessary to evaluate the appropriateness of procedural interventions, recognizing the significant resources and personnel they require. Additionally, the pandemic may occur in waves, with patient demand for surgery ebbing and flowing accordingly. Hospitals, cancer centers and providers must prepare themselves to meet this demand. The purpose of this white paper is to highlight all phases of gynecologic cancer surgical care during the COVID-19 pandemic and to illustrate when it is best to operate, to hestitate, and reintegrate surgery. Triage and prioritization of surgical cases, preoperative COVID-19 testing, peri-operative safety principles, and preparations for the post-COVID-19 peak and surgical reintegration are reviewed. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University, New York City, NY, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Lancaster, PA, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atrium Health, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mt Sinai University, NYC, NY, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, StonyBrookNY, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Ann ArborMI, United States Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States AU - Fader, A. N. AU - Huh, W. K. AU - Kesterson, J. AU - Pothuri, B. AU - Wethington, S. AU - Wright, J. D. AU - Bakkum-Gamez, J. N. AU - Soliman, P. T. AU - Sinno, A. K. AU - Leitao, M. AU - Martino, M. A. AU - Karam, A. AU - Rossi, E. AU - Brown, J. AU - Blank, S. AU - Burke, W. AU - Goff, B. AU - Yamada, S. D. AU - Uppal, S. AU - Dowdy, S. C. C2 - 32532460 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.06.001 IS - 2 J2 - Gynecol. Oncol. KW - burnout cancer surgery coronavirus disease 2019 female genital tract cancer gynecologic oncologist human job stress laparoscopy medical society pandemic perioperative period preoperative evaluation priority journal Review telemedicine virtual reality Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection decision making disease transmission female female genital tract tumor gynecologic surgery infection control isolation and purification laboratory technique prevention and control procedures surgical oncology virology virus pneumonia Clinical Laboratory Techniques Coronavirus Infections Genital Neoplasms, Female Gynecologic Surgical Procedures Humans Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: GYNOA Correspondence Address: Fader, A.N.600 N. Wolfe St, Phipps 287, United States; email: afader1@jhmi.edu Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding details: Merck Funding details: Clovis Oncology Funding text 1: Dr. Bhavana Pothuri reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support outside the submitted work; institutional PI for industry sponsored trials from Tesaro/GSK, AstraZeneca, Merck, Genentech/Roche, and Clovis Oncology. Compensated advisory boards include Tesaro/GSK, AstraZeneca, and Eisai. References: Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395 (10223), p. 497; World Health Organization, Director-General's remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020 https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020, (Accessed 12 February 2020); https://www.sgo.org/clinical-practice/covid-19-communique/; https://www.sgo.org/clinical-practice/management/covid-19-resources-for-health-care-practitioners/surgical-considerations-for-gynecologic-oncologists-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, (Accessed 28 April 2020); Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA, 323 (13), pp. 1239-1242; Lei, S., Jiang, G., Su, W., Chen, C., Chen, J., Mei, W., Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection (2020) EClinicalMedicine, 5, p. 100331. , (Epub ahead of print); Grasselli, G., Zangrillo, A., Zanella, A., Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323 (16), pp. 1574-1581; https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-case/gynecology; https://www.cms.gov/files/document/31820-cms-adult-elective-surgery-and-procedures-recommendations.pdf; https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/triage; Shalowitz, D.I., Epstein, A.J., Buckinham, L., Ko, E.M., Giuntli, R.L., 2nd, Survival implications of time to surgical treatment of endometrial cancers (2017) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 216 (3), p. 268; Vair, B., Altman, A.D., Nelson, G., Time to surgery and risk of cancer progression in patients with gynecologic cancers o the lower genital track (2015) J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Can., 37 (4), pp. 338-344; https://www.sgo.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/Surgical_Considerations_Communique.v14.pdf; ASCCP interim guidelines for timing of diagnostic and treatment procedures for patients with abnormal cervical screening tests https://www.asccp.org/covid-19; Prachand, V.N., Milner, R., Angelos, P., Medically-necessary, time-sensitive procedures: a scoring system to ethically and efficiently manage resource scarcity and provider risk during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J. Am. Coll. Surg., S1072-7515 (20), p. 30317-3; https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html; https://www.osha.gov/Publications/OSHA3767.pdf; https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/respirators-strategy/index.html; Ma, Q.-Z., Hu, S., Zhang, H.-L., Potential utilities of mask-wearing and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J. Med. Virol., pp. 1-5; Bae, S., Kim, M., Kim, J.Y., Effectiveness of surgical and cotton masks in blocking SARS-CoV-2: a controlled comparison in 4 patients (2020) Ann. Intern. Med. Lett.; https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/surgeon-protection; https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/personal-protective-equipment-infection-control/n95-respirators-and-surgical-masks-face-masks; Casanova, L., Rutala, W.A., Weber, D.J., Sobsey, M.D., Coronavirus survival on healthcare personal protective equipment Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol., 31 (5), pp. 560-561; https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/respsource3healthcare.html; United States Food and Drug Administration, Accelerated emergency use authorization (EUA) summary covid-19 RT-PCR test (Laboratory Corporation of America) (2020), https://www.fda.gov/media/136151/download, Available from: (Accessed 17 April 2020); United States Food and Drug Administration, Xpert® Xpress SARS-CoV-2 (2020), https://www.fda.gov/media/136314/download, Available from: (Accessed 19 April 2020); Bhatraju, P.K., Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region — case series (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 2012-2022; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Respiratory Viruses Branch, Division of Viral Diseases Real-Time RT-PCR panel for detection 2019-novel coronavirus (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/rt-pcr-panel-for-detection-instructions.pdf, Available from: (Accessed 17 April 2020); Corman, V.M., Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR (2020) Eurosurveillance, 25 (3), p. 2000045; W, J.J., Triplex real-time RT-PCR for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26 (7); Kurcirka, L.M., Lauer, S.A., Laeyendecker, O., Boon, D., Lessler, J., Variation in False-negative Rate of Reverse Transcriptase Polyemerase Chain Reaction-based SARS CoV-2 Tests by Time Since Exposure (2020), (M20-1495); Cai, Y., COVID-19 in the perioperative period of lung resection: a brief report from a single thoracic surgery department in Wuhan, China (2020) J. Thorac. Oncol., 15 (6), pp. 1065-1072; Lei, S., Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection (2020) EClinicalMedicine, p. 100331; Shi, H., Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis., 20 (4), pp. 425-434; Fang, Y., Zhang, H., Xie, J., Sensitivity of chest CT for COVID-19: comparison to RT-PCR (2020) Radiology, , (200432); Hope, M.D., Raptis, C.A., Henry, T.S., Chest computed tomography for detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): don't rush the science (2020) Ann. Intern. Med., , (Epub); American College of Radiology, ACR recommendations for the use of ct radiography and computed tomography (CT) for suspected COVID-19 infection (2020), https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position-Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19-Infection, Available from: (Accessed 19 April 2020); US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, COVID-19 infection prevention and control in healthcare settings: questions and answers https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-faq.html, (Accessed 11 April 2020); Weissman, D.N., de Perio, M., Radanovich, L.J., COVID-19 and risks posted to personnel during endotracheal intubation (2020) JAMA, , (Epub); Cook, T.M., El-Boghdadly, K., McGuire, B., McNarry, A.F., Patel, A., Higgs, A., Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19: guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society, the Association of Anesthetists the Intensive Care Society, the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine and the Royal College of Anesthetists (2020) Anesthesia, 75 (6), pp. 785-799. , (Epub); The use of personal protective equipment by anesthesia professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic https://www.asahq.org/about-asa/newsroom/news-releases/2020/03/the-use-of-personal-protective-equipment-by-anesthesia-professionals-during-the-covid-19-pandemic; https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/environmental/appendix/air.html; Morris, S.N., Fader, A.N., Milad, M.P., Dionisi, H.J., Understanding the “scope” of the problem: why laparoscopy is considered safe during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J. Minim. Invasive Gynecol., 27 (4), pp. 789-791; COVID-19: considerations for optimum surgeon protection before, during, and after operation https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/surgeon-protection#intubation-risks; https://www.sages.org/recommendations-surgical-response-covid-19/; Zheng, M.H., Boni, L., Fingerhut, A., Minimally invasive surgery and the novel coronavirus outbreak: lessons learned from Italy (2020) Ann. Surg., , (Accepted for Publication); Alp, E., Bijl, D., Bleichrodt, R.P., Hansson, B., Voss, A., Surgical smoke and infection control (2006) J. Hosp. Infect., 62 (1), pp. 1-5. , (Epub 2005 Jul 5); Kwak, H.D., Kim, S.H., Seo, Y.S., Detecting hepatitis B virus in surgical smoke emitted during laparoscopic surgery (2016) Occup. Environ. Med., 73, pp. 857-863; Joint statement on minimally invasive gynecology during the COVID-19 pandemic https://www.aagl.org/news/covid-19-joint-statement-on-minimally-invasive-gynecologic-surgery/; Lippitt, M., Outcomes associated with a five-point surgical site infection prevention bundle in women undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer (2017) Obstet. Gynecol., 130 (4), pp. 756-764; Kaltman, J.M., Best, S.P., Kaltman, S.I., Virtual rounding via videoconference-enabled smartphones: a case for multifacility rounds (2012) Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol., 113 (6), pp. e15-e18; Rising, K.L., Ricco, J.C., Printz, A.D., Woo, S.H., Hollander, J.E., Virtual rounds: observational study of a new service connecting family members remotely to inpatient rounds (2016) Gen. Int. Med. Clin. Innov., 1 (3), pp. 44-47; Ellison, L.M., Nguyen, M., Fabrizio, M.D., Soh, A., Permpongkosol, S., Kavoussi, L.R., Postoperative robotic telerounding: a multicenter randomized assessment of patient outcomes and satisfaction (2007) Arch. Surg., 142 (12), pp. 1177-1181; Three potential futures for covid-19: recurring small outbreaks, a monster wave, or a persistent crisis https://www.statnews.com/2020/05/01/three-potential-futures-for-covid-19/; Lekone, P.E., Finkenstädt, B.F., Statistical inference in a stochastic epidemic SEIR model with control intervention: ebola as a case study (2006) Biometrics, 62 (4), pp. 1170-1177; Wan, K., Chen, J., Lu, C., Dong, L., Wu, Z., Zhang, L., When will the battle against novel coronavirus end in Wuhan: a SEIR modeling analysis (2020) J. Glob. Health, 10 (1); ACS joint statement: roadmap for resuming elective surgery after COVID19 pandemic (2020), https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/review-committee, (Accessed 19 April 2020); ACS local resumption of elective surgery guidance (2020), https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/resuming-elective-surgery, (Accessed 19 April 2020); ACS create a surgical review committee for COVID-19-related surgical triage decision making (2020), https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/review-committee, (Accessed 13 April 2020); Cass, Stress and burnout among gynecologic oncologists: a society of gynecologic oncology evidence-based review and recommendations (2016) Gynecol. Oncol., 143, pp. 421-427; Maunder, R.G., Lancee, W.J., Balderson, K.E., Bennett, J.P., Bargundvaag, B., Long-term psychological and occupational effects of providing hospital healthcare during SARS outbreak (2006) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 12, pp. 1924-1932; https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/racial-ethnic-minorities.htmlUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086153195&doi=10.1016%2fj.ygyno.2020.06.001&partnerID=40&md5=1da5ebf101a10b5dbe8added5e26ce9a PY - 2020 SN - 00908258 (ISSN) SP - 236-243 ST - When to Operate, Hesitate and Reintegrate: Society of Gynecologic Oncology Surgical Considerations during the COVID-19 Pandemic T2 - Gynecologic Oncology TI - When to Operate, Hesitate and Reintegrate: Society of Gynecologic Oncology Surgical Considerations during the COVID-19 Pandemic VL - 158 ID - 433 ER - TY - CONF A4 - Acm, Sigarch A2 - Acm, Sigbed A2 - Acm, Sigcomm A2 - Acm, Sigmetrics A2 - Acm, Sigmobile A2 - Acm, Sigops AB - Human sensing, motion trajectory estimation, and identification are crucial to applications such as customer analysis, public safety, smart homes and cities, and access control. In the wake of the global COVID-19 pandemic, the ability to perform contact tracing effectively is vital to limit the spread of infectious diseases. Although vision-based solutions such as facial recognition can potentially scale to millions of people for identification, the privacy implications and laws to banning such a technology limit its applicability in the real world. Other techniques may require installations and maintenance of multiple units, and/or lack long-Term re-identification capability. We present a dataset to fuse WiFi Channel State Information (CSI) and camera-based location information for person identification and tracking. While previous works focused on collecting WiFi CSI from stationary transmitters and receivers (laptop, desktop, or router), our WiFi CSI data are generated from a smartphone that is carried while someone is moving. In addition, we collect camera-generated real-world coordinate for each WiFi packet that can serve as ground truth location. The dataset is collected in different environments and with various numbers of persons in the scene at several days to capture real-world variations. © 2020 ACM. AD - Unc Chapel Hill, United States Bosch Research and Technology AU - Fang, S. AU - Munir, S. AU - Nirjon, S. C3 - DATA 2020 - Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Data Acquisition To Analysis, Part of SenSys 2020, BuildSys 2020 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1145/3419016.3431488 KW - Access control Automation Cameras Data acquisition Face recognition Intelligent buildings Smartphones Wireless local area networks (WLAN) Customer analysis Facial recognition Infectious disease Location information Motion trajectories Person identification Re identifications Vision-based solutions Channel state information LA - English N1 - Conference code: 164626 Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 References: San Francisco Banned Facial Recognition, , https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/01/us/facial-recognition-san-francisco.html; SpotFi Matlab Implementation, , https://bitbucket.org/mkotaru/spotfimusicaoaestimation/src/master/; Alazrai, R., Awad, A., BahaA, A., Hababeh, M., Daoud, M.I., A dataset for Wi-Fi-based human-To-human interaction recognition (2020) Data in Brief, 2020, p. 105668; Bagave, P., Linssen, J., Teeuw, W., Klein Brinke, J., Meratnia, N., 2019. Channel State Information (CSI) analysis for Predictive Maintenance using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Data Acquisition to Analysis, pp. 51-56; Klein Brinke, J., Meratnia, N., 2019. Dataset: Channel state information for different activities, participants and days Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Data Acquisition to Analysis, pp. 61-64; Fang, S., Islam, T., Munir, S., Nirjon, S., 2020. EyeFi: Fast Human Identification through Vision and WiFi-based Trajectory Matching 2020 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS, pp. 59-68; Fang, S., Munir, S., Nirjon, S., 2020. Demo Abstract: Fusing WiFi and Camera for Fast Motion Tracking and Person Identification Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems; Fang, S., Nirjon, S., 2020. SuperRF: Enhanced 3D RF Representation Using Stationary Low-Cost mmWave Radar International Conference on Embedded Wireless Systems and Networks (EWSN), 2020, p. 120. , NIH Public Access; Gjengset, J., Xiong, J., McPhillips, G., Jamieson, K., 2014. Phaser: Enabling phased array signal processing on commodity WiFi access points Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, pp. 153-164; Halperin, D., Hu, W., Sheth, A., Wetherall, D., Tool Release: Gathering 802.11n Traces with Channel State Information (2011) Acm Sigcomm Ccr, 41 (1), p. 53. , Jan 2011; Hamdoun, O., Moutarde, F., Stanciulescu, B., Steux, B., Person re-identification in multi-camera system by signature based on interest point descriptors collected on short video sequences (2008) 2008 Second ACM/ Ieee International Conference on Distributed Smart Cameras. Ieee, pp. 1-6; Khalil, N., Benhaddou, D., Gnawali, O., Subhlok, J., 2017. Sonicdoor: Scaling person identification with ultrasonic sensors by novel modeling of shape, behavior and walking patterns Proceedings of the 4th Acm International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments. Acm, 3; Kotaru, M., Joshi, K., Bharadia, D., Katti, S., 2015. Spotfi: Decimeter level localization using wifi Acm Sigcomm Computer Communication Review, 45, pp. 269-282; Mohammadmoradi, H., Munir, S., Gnawali, O., Shelton, C., 2017. Measuring people-flow through doorways using easy-To-install ir array sensors 2017 13th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems DCOSS, pp. 35-43; Munir, S., Singh Arora, R., Hesling, C., Li, J., Francis, J., Shelton, C., Martin, C., Berges, M., 2017. Real-Time fine grained occupancy estimation using depth sensors on ARM embedded platforms 2017 Ieee Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS, pp. 295-306; Zhang, D., Hu, Y., Chen, Y., Zeng, B., 2019. Calibrating Phase Offsets for Commodity WiFi (2019) Ieee Systems Journal Pp, 3, pp. 1-4. , https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2019.2904714; Zhao, Y., Tu, P., Chang, M., 2019. Occupancy Sensing and Activity Recognition with Cameras and Wireless Sensors Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Data Acquisition to Analysis, pp. 1-6 PB - Association for Computing Machinery, Inc PY - 2020 SN - 9781450381369 (ISBN) SP - 26-30 ST - Person tracking and identification using cameras and wi-fi channel state information (CSI) from smartphones: Dataset T2 - 3rd Workshop on Data Acquisition To Analysis, DATA 2020 - Part of SenSys 2020, BuildSys 2020 TI - Person tracking and identification using cameras and wi-fi channel state information (CSI) from smartphones: Dataset UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097349900&doi=10.1145%2f3419016.3431488&partnerID=40&md5=d766cc19b58cbf2e88551769b790e487 Y2 - 16 November 2020 through 19 November 2020 ID - 287 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Peers for Progress, Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440, United States Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center/Temple University Health System, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States AU - Fisher, E. B. AU - Miller, S. M. AU - Evans, M. AU - Luu, S. L. AU - Tang, P. Y. AU - Valovcin, D. D. AU - Castellano, C. C2 - 32569372 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/tbm/ibaa056 IS - 3 J2 - Transl. Behav. Med. KW - behavioral medicine caregiver child abuse child protection coping behavior coronavirus disease 2019 dementia disaster disease exacerbation Editorial human peer group police priority journal public health Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Fisher, E.B.; Peers for Progress, United States; email: fishere@email.unc.edu Funding details: P30 DK092926 Funding details: American Cancer Society, ACS, RSG-15-02101CPPB Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI, P30 CA006927, R01 CA224918 Funding details: Healthcare Foundation of New Jersey, HFNJ Funding text 1: The project described was supported by a grant from the Healthcare Foundation of New Jersey to Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University Medical School and also from the UNC-Michigan Peer Support Core of the Michigan Center for Diabetes Translational Research (P30 DK092926, William Herman, PI). Support also from the American Cancer Society (grant RSG-15-02101CPPB) and National Cancer Institute (grants R01 CA224918 and P30 CA006927). References: Pfefferbaum, B, North, CS., Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic (2020) N Engl J Med; Bayefsky, MJ, Bartz, D, Watson, KL., Abortion during the Covid-19 pandemic—Ensuring access to an essential health service (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (19), p. e47; Akiyama, MJ, Spaulding, AC, Rich, JD., Flattening the curve for incarcerated populations—Covid-19 in jails and prisons (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (22), pp. 2075-2077; Dunn, CG, Kenney, E, Fleischhacker, SE, Bleich, SN., Feeding low-income children during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (18), p. e40; Fontanarosa, PB, Bauchner, H., COVID-19-looking beyond tomorrow for health care and society (2020) JAMA, 323 (19), pp. 1907-1908. , 2020; Yancy, CW., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) JAMA, 323 (19), pp. 1891-1892; Gostin, LO, Hodge, JG, Wiley, LF., Presidential powers and response to COVID-19 (2020) JAMA, 323 (16), pp. 1547-1548; Fisher, EB, Coufal, MM, Parada, H, Peer support in health care and prevention: cultural, organizational and dissemination issues (2014) Annual Review of Public Health, 35, pp. 363-383. , Fielding J, Brownson RC, Green L, eds, Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews; Fisher, EB, Bhushan, N, Coufal, MM, Peer support in prevention, chronic disease management, and well being (2018) Principles and Concepts of Behavioral Medicine: A Global Handbook, pp. 643-677. , Fisher EB, Cameron LD, Christensen AJ, Ehlert U, Guo Y, Oldenburg B, Snoek FJ, eds, New York, NY: Springer; Rosenthal, EL, Macinko, J., JACM special issue on community health workers and community health worker practice (2011) J Ambul Care Manage, 34 (3), pp. 208-209; Rosenthal, EL, Wiggins, N., Community health workers: Advocating for a just community and workplace (2015) J Ambul Care Manage, 38 (3), pp. 204-205; Perry, HB, Zulliger, R, Rogers, MM., Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: An overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness (2014) Annu Rev Public Health, 35, pp. 399-421; Evans, M, Tang, PY, Bhushan, N, Fisher, EB, Dreyer Valovicin, D, Castellano, C., Standardization and adaptability for scale up of telephone peer support for high risk groups: general evaluation and lessons learned (2020) Transl Behav Med, , press; Kowitt, SD, Urlaub, D, Guzman-Corrales, L, Emotional support for diabetes management: An international cross-cultural study (2015) Diabetes Educ, 41 (3), pp. 291-300; Holt-Lunstad, J, Smith, TB, Layton, JB., Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review (2010) PLoS Med, 7 (7), p. e1000316; Cohen, S, Doyle, WJ, Skoner, DP, Rabin, BS, Gwaltney, JM, Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold (1997) JAMA, 277 (24), pp. 1940-1944; House, JS, Landis, KR, Umberson, D., Social relationships and health (1988) Science, 241 (4865), pp. 540-545 PY - 2020 SN - 18696716 (ISSN) SP - 503-505 ST - COVID-19, stress, trauma, and peer support—observations from the field T2 - Translational Behavioral Medicine TI - COVID-19, stress, trauma, and peer support—observations from the field UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089294174&doi=10.1093%2ftbm%2fibaa056&partnerID=40&md5=059ea9ff7373151538f8160e84d71665 VL - 10 ID - 483 ER - TY - JOUR AB - With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying pathophysiologic interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent advances in experimental models, methodology, and our understanding of disease processes at the molecular and cellular levels reveal opioid-HIV interactions with increasing clarity. However, despite the substantial new insight, the unique impact of opioids on the severity, progression, and prognosis of neuroHIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are not fully understood. In this review, we explore, in detail, what is currently known about mechanisms underlying opioid interactions with HIV, with emphasis on individual HIV-1-expressed gene products at the molecular, cellular and systems levels. Furthermore, we review preclinical and clinical studies with a focus on key considerations when addressing questions of whether opioid-HIV interactive pathogenesis results in unique structural or functional deficits not seen with either disease alone. These considerations include, understanding the combined consequences of HIV-1 genetic variants, host variants, and μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and HIV chemokine co-receptor interactions on the comorbidity. Lastly, we present topics that need to be considered in the future to better understand the unique contributions of opioids to the pathophysiology of neuroHIV. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2020, The Author(s). AD - Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1217 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, United States Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, United States Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, 203 East Cary Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0059, United States AU - Fitting, S. AU - McRae, M. P. AU - Hauser, K. F. C2 - 32876803 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s11481-020-09941-8 IS - 4 J2 - J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. KW - Antiretroviral therapy Astrocyte Blood-brain barrier Buprenorphine C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) COVID-19 Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) Endogenous opioid system of peptides and receptors Functional selectivity/biased agonism HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders Maladaptive neuroplasticity Methadone Microglia neuroHIV Oligodendroglia P-glycoprotein Pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pro-BDNF) Synaptodendritic degeneration μ-Opioid receptor (OPRM1) complication HIV associated dementia human Human immunodeficiency virus 1 Human immunodeficiency virus infection immunology opiate addiction AIDS Dementia Complex HIV Infections HIV-1 Humans Opioid Epidemic Opioid-Related Disorders LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Hauser, K.F.; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1217 East Marshall Street, United States; email: kurt.hauser@vcuhealth.org Funding details: National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA, R01 DA018633, R01 DA034231, R01 DA044855, R01 DA045588, R01 DA045596, R21 DA045630 Funding text 1: This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse: R01 DA034231 (KFH), R01 DA044855 (KFH), R01 DA045588 (KFH), R01 DA018633 (KFH), R21 DA045630 (MM), and R01 DA045596 (SF). Acknowledgements Funding text 2: Portions of this review were initially presented at the Satellite Symposium of the 25th SNIP Scientific Conference entitled, ?Unraveling NeuroAIDS in the Presence of Substance Use Disorder? that was sponsored and organized by NIH/NIDA. Co-Chairs: Yu (Woody) Lin and Roger Sorensen (April 10, 2019) References: Adams, J.W., Marshall, B.D.L., Mohd Salleh, N.A., Barrios, R., Nolan, S., Milloy, M.J., Receipt of opioid agonist treatment halves the risk of HIV-1 RNA viral load rebound through improved ART adherence for HIV-infected women who use illicit drugs (2020) Drug Alcohol Depend, 206, p. 107670. , PID: 31711873, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitFGgtLzJ; Adler, M.W., Geller, E.B., Rogers, T.J., Henderson, E.E., Eisenstein, T.K., Opioids, receptors, and immunity (1993) Adv Exp Med Biol, 335, pp. 13-20. , PID: 8237587, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXksFSntQ%3D%3D; Alaee, A., Zarghami, M., Farnia, S., Khademloo, M., Khoddad, T., Comparison of brain white matter hyperintensities in methamphetamine and methadone dependent patients and healthy controls (2014) Iran J Radiol, 11. , PID: 25035700; Albright, A.V., Strizki, J., Harouse, J.M., Lavi, E., O'Connor, M., Gonzalez-Scarano, F., HIV-1 infection of cultured human adult oligodendrocytes (1996) Virology, 217, pp. 211-219. , PID: 8599205, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XhsVWhs7k%3D; Alexander, G.C., Stoller, K.B., Haffajee, R.L., Saloner, B., An epidemic in the midst of a pandemic: opioid use disorder and COVID-19 (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173, pp. 57-58; Al-Harthi, L., Joseph, J., Nath, A., Correction to: astrocytes as an HIV CNS reservoir: highlights and reflections of an NIMH-sponsored symposium (2019) J Neurovirol, 25, p. 616; Al-Hasani, R., Bruchas, M.R., Molecular mechanisms of opioid receptor-dependent signaling and behavior (2011) Anesthesiology, 115, pp. 1363-1381. , PID: 22020140, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsFant77E; Alvarez-Carbonell, D., Garcia-Mesa, Y., Milne, S., Das, B., Dobrowolski, C., Rojas, R., Karn, J., Toll-like receptor 3 activation selectively reverses HIV latency in microglial cells (2017) Retrovirology, 14, p. 9. , PID: 28166799; Alvarez-Carbonell, D., Ye, F., Ramanath, N., Garcia-Mesa, Y., Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., Karn, J., Cross-talk between microglia and neurons regulates HIV latency (2019) PLoS Pathog, 15. , PID: 31887215; Andras, I.E., Pu, H., Deli, M.A., Nath, A., Hennig, B., Toborek, M., HIV-1 Tat protein alters tight junction protein expression and distribution in cultured brain endothelial cells (2003) J Neurosci Res, 74, pp. 255-265; Anthony, I.C., Ramage, S.N., Carnie, F.W., Simmonds, P., Bell, J.E., Does drug abuse alter microglial phenotype and cell turnover in the context of advancing HIV infection? (2005) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol, 31, pp. 325-338. , PID: 15885069, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M3kslGrsA%3D%3D; Anthony, I.C., Arango, J.C., Stephens, B., Simmonds, P., Bell, J.E., The effects of illicit drugs on the HIV infected brain (2008) Front Biosci, 13, pp. 1294-1307. , PID: 17981630, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhs1Cgsrs%3D; Anthony, I.C., Norrby, K.E., Dingwall, T., Carnie, F.W., Millar, T., Arango, J.C., Robertson, R., Bell, J.E., Predisposition to accelerated Alzheimer-related changes in the brains of human immunodeficiency virus negative opiate abusers (2010) Brain, 133, pp. 3685-3698. , PID: 21126996; Aouizerat, B.E., Pearce, C.L., Miaskowski, C., The search for host genetic factors of HIV/AIDS pathogenesis in the post-genome era: progress to date and new avenues for discovery (2011) Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 8, pp. 38-44. , PID: 21221856; Applebaum, A.J., Reilly, L.C., Gonzalez, J.S., Richardson, M.A., Leveroni, C.L., Safren, S.A., The impact of neuropsychological functioning on adherence to HAART in HIV-infected substance abuse patients (2009) AIDS Patient Care STDs, 23, pp. 455-462. , PID: 19519229; Applebaum, A.J., Otto, M.W., Richardson, M.A., Safren, S.A., Contributors to neuropsychological impairment in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected opiate-dependent patients (2010) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 32, pp. 579-589. , PID: 19890760; Aquilante, C.L., Letrent, S.P., Pollack, G.M., Brouwer, K.L., Increased brain P-glycoprotein in morphine tolerant rats (2000) Life Sci, 66, pp. PL47-PL51. , PID: 10665989, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXkvFGm; Arnatt, C.K., Falls, B.A., Yuan, Y., Raborg, T.J., Masvekar, R.R., El-Hage, N., Selley, D.E., Zhang, Y., Exploration of bivalent ligands targeting putative mu opioid receptor and chemokine receptor CCR5 dimerization (2016) Bioorg Med Chem, 24, pp. 5969-5987. , PID: 27720326, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xhs1akt73L; Asahchop, E.L., Meziane, O., Mamik, M.K., Chan, W.F., Branton, W.G., Resch, L., Gill, M.J., Power, C., Reduced antiretroviral drug efficacy and concentration in HIV-infected microglia contributes to viral persistence in brain (2017) Retrovirology, 14, p. 47. , PID: 29037245; Atwood, W.J., Tornatore, C.S., Meyers, K., Major, E.O., HIV-1 mRNA transcripts from persistently infected human fetal astrocytes (1993) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 693, pp. 324-325. , PID: 8267293, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2c%2FptFKruw%3D%3D; Avdoshina, V., Biggio, F., Palchik, G., Campbell, L.A., Mocchetti, I., Morphine induces the release of CCL5 from astrocytes: potential neuroprotective mechanism against the HIV protein gp120 (2010) Glia, 58, pp. 1630-1639. , PID: 20578038; Avdoshina, V., Garzino-Demo, A., Bachis, A., Monaco, M.C., Maki, P.M., Tractenberg, R.E., Liu, C., Mocchetti, I., HIV-1 decreases the levels of neurotrophins in human lymphocytes (2011) AIDS, 25, pp. 1126-1128. , PID: 21422985; Baba, M., Oishi, R., Saeki, K., Enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability to sodium fluorescein by stimulation of mu opioid receptors in mice (1988) Naunyn Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol, 337, pp. 423-428. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL1cXktFOnsrs%3D; Bachis, A., Avdoshina, V., Zecca, L., Parsadanian, M., Mocchetti, I., Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 alters brain-derived neurotrophic factor processing in neurons (2012) J Neurosci, 32, pp. 9477-9484. , PID: 22787033, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVGlsb%2FI; Balinang, J.M., Masvekar, R.R., Hauser, K.F., Knapp, P.E., Productive infection of human neural progenitor cells by R5 tropic HIV-1: opiate co-exposure heightens infectivity and functional vulnerability (2017) AIDS, 31, pp. 753-764. , PID: 28099189, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXjvVWhsrw%3D; Bandaru, V.V., Patel, N., Ewaleifoh, O., Haughey, N.J., A failure to normalize biochemical and metabolic insults during morphine withdrawal disrupts synaptic repair in mice transgenic for HIV-gp120 (2011) J NeuroImmune Pharmacol, 6, pp. 640-649. , PID: 21748284; Banerjee, A., Zhang, X., Manda, K.R., Banks, W.A., Ercal, N., HIV proteins (gp120 and Tat) and methamphetamine in oxidative stress-induced damage in the brain: potential role of the thiol antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide (2010) Free Radic Biol Med, 48, pp. 1388-1398; Banerjee, A., Strazza, M., Wigdahl, B., Pirrone, V., Meucci, O., Nonnemacher, M.R., Role of mu-opioids as cofactors in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 disease progression and neuropathogenesis (2011) J Neurovirol, 17, pp. 291-302; Barat, C., Proust, A., Deshiere, A., Leboeuf, M., Drouin, J., Tremblay, M.J., Astrocytes sustain long-term productive HIV-1 infection without establishment of reactivable viral latency (2018) Glia, 66, pp. 1363-1381; Barbour, A.J., Hauser, K.F., McQuiston, A.R., Knapp, P.E., HIV and opiates dysregulate K+ -Cl cotransporter 2 (KCC2) to cause GABAergic dysfunction in primary human neurons and Tat-transgenic mice (2020) Neurobiol Dis, 141, p. 104878; Bauer, L.O., Effects of chronic opioid dependence and HIV-1 infection on pattern shift visual evoked potentials (1998) Drug Alcohol Depend, 50, pp. 147-155. , PID: 9649966, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1czhtlKmsA%3D%3D; Becker, W.C., Fiellin, D.A., When epidemics collide: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the opioid crisis (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173, pp. 59-60; Bednar, M.M., Sturdevant, C.B., Tompkins, L.A., Arrildt, K.T., Dukhovlinova, E., Kincer, L.P., Swanstrom, R., Compartmentalization, viral evolution, and viral latency of HIV in the CNS (2015) Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 12, pp. 262-271. , PID: 25914150; Belcheva, M.M., Tan, Y., Heaton, V.M., Clark, A.L., Coscia, C.J., μ-Opioid transactivation and down-regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in astrocytes: Implications for mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling (2003) Mol Pharmacol, 64, pp. 1391-1401; Bell, J., Strang, J., Medication treatment of opioid use disorder (2020) Biol Psychiatry, 87, pp. 82-88. , PID: 31420089, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhsFOitrzJ; Bell, J.E., Brettle, R.P., Chiswick, A., Simmonds, P., HIV encephalitis, proviral load and dementia in drug users and homosexuals with AIDS. Effect of neocortical involvement (1998) Brain, 121, pp. 2043-2052. , PID: 9827765; Bell, J.E., Arango, J.C., Robertson, R., Brettle, R.P., Leen, C., Simmonds, P., HIV and drug misuse in the Edinburgh cohort (2002) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 31, pp. S35-S42. , PID: 12394781, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovFWksL0%3D; Bell, J.E., Arango, J.C., Anthony, I.C., Neurobiology of multiple insults: HIV-1-associated brain disorders in those who use illicit drugs (2006) J NeuroImmune Pharmacol, 1, pp. 182-191. , PID: 18040783; Benarroch, E.E., Endogenous opioid systems: current concepts and clinical correlations (2012) Neurology, 79, pp. 807-814. , PID: 22915176; Benowitz, N.L., Swan, G.E., Jacob, P., 3rd, Lessov-Schlaggar, C.N., Tyndale, R.F., CYP2A6 genotype and the metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine (2006) Clin Pharmacol Ther, 80, pp. 457-467. , PID: 17112802, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1elsrbI; Berger, A.C., Whistler, J.L., How to design an opioid drug that causes reduced tolerance and dependence (2010) Ann Neurol, 67, pp. 559-569. , PID: 20437553, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXmvF2mu7c%3D; Berman, J.W., NeuroAIDS, drug abuse, and inflammation: building collaborative research activities (2006) J NeuroImmune Pharmacol, 1, pp. 351-399. , PID: 18040811; Bernardo, A., Agresti, C., Levi, G., HIV-gp120 affects the functional activity of oligodendrocytes and their susceptibility to complement (1997) J Neurosci Res, 50, pp. 946-957. , PID: 9452009, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXis1yjsw%3D%3D; Blankson, J.N., Persaud, D., Siliciano, R.F., The challenge of viral reservoirs in HIV-1 infection (2002) Annu Rev Med, 53, pp. 557-593. , PID: 11818490, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xitl2mtLw%3D; Bodnar, R.J., Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2009 (2010) Peptides, 31, pp. 2325-2359. , PID: 20875476, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtlKktLjI; Bohn, L.M., Belcheva, M.M., Coscia, C.J., μ-Opioid agonist inhibition of κ-opioid receptor-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation is dynamin-dependent in C6 glioma cells (2000) J Neurochem, 74, pp. 574-581; Boivin, M.J., Ruel, T.D., Boal, H.E., Bangirana, P., Cao, H., Eller, L.A., Charlebois, E., Wong, J.K., HIV-subtype A is associated with poorer neuropsychological performance compared with subtype D in antiretroviral therapy-naive Ugandan children (2010) AIDS, 24, pp. 1163-1170; Bokhari, S.M., Yao, H., Bethel-Brown, C., Fuwang, P., Williams, R., Dhillon, N.K., Hegde, R., Buch, S.J., Morphine enhances tat-induced activation in murine microglia (2009) J Neurovirol, 15, pp. 219-228; Bokhari, S.M., Hegde, R., Callen, S., Yao, H., Adany, I., Li, Q., Li, Z., Buch, S., Morphine potentiates neuropathogenesis of SIV infection in rhesus macaques (2011) J NeuroImmune Pharmacol, 6, pp. 626-639. , PID: 21431470; Boland, J.W., Foulds, G.A., Ahmedzai, S.H., Pockley, A.G., A preliminary evaluation of the effects of opioids on innate and adaptive human in vitro immune function (2014) BMJ Support Palliat Care, 4, pp. 357-367. , PID: 24644198; Bond, C., LaForge, K.S., Tian, M., Melia, D., Zhang, S., Borg, L., Gong, J., Yu, L., Single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human mu opioid receptor gene alters β-endorphin binding and activity: possible implications for opiate addiction (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95, pp. 9608-9613; Bora, E., Yucel, M., Fornito, A., Pantelis, C., Harrison, B.J., Cocchi, L., Pell, G., Lubman, D.I., White matter microstructure in opiate addiction (2012) Addict Biol, 17, pp. 141-148. , PID: 21070508, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XitVejt7s%3D; Boska, M.D., Dash, P.K., Knibbe, J., Epstein, A.A., Akhter, S.P., Fields, N., High, R., Gorantla, S., Associations between brain microstructures, metabolites, and cognitive deficits during chronic HIV-1 infection of humanized mice (2014) Mol Neurodegener, 9, p. 58. , PID: 25523827; Bourne, R.S., Mills, G.H., Sleep disruption in critically ill patients--pharmacological considerations (2004) Anaesthesia, 59, pp. 374-384. , PID: 15023109, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktVOhs74%3D; Boven, L.A., Middel, J., Verhoef, J., De Groot, C.J., Nottet, H.S., Monocyte infiltration is highly associated with loss of the tight junction protein zonula occludens in HIV-1-associated dementia (2000) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol, 26, pp. 356-360. , PID: 10931369, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvjvFCnuw%3D%3D; Browne, C.J., Godino, A., Salery, M., Nestler, E.J., Epigenetic mechanisms of opioid addiction (2020) Biol Psychiatry, 87, pp. 22-33. , PID: 31477236, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhs1ylurzJ; Brownstein, M.J., A brief history of opiates, opioid peptides, and opioid receptors (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, pp. 5391-5393. , PID: 8390660, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXks1ehtb8%3D; Bruce, R.D., McCance-Katz, E., Kharasch, E.D., Moody, D.E., Morse, G.D., Pharmacokinetic interactions between buprenorphine and antiretroviral medications (2006) Clin Infect Dis, 43, pp. S216-S223. , PID: 17109308, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXitVeiug%3D%3D; Bruehl, S., Apkarian, A.V., Ballantyne, J.C., Berger, A., Borsook, D., Chen, W.G., Farrar, J.T., Lin, Y., Personalized medicine and opioid analgesic prescribing for chronic pain: opportunities and challenges (2013) The journal of pain: official journal of the American Pain Society, 14, pp. 103-113; Bruner, K.M., A quantitative approach for measuring the reservoir of latent HIV-1 proviruses (2019) Nature, 566, pp. 120-125. , PID: 30700913, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXmtVylu74%3D; Buch, S.K., Khurdayan, V.K., Lutz, S.E., Knapp, P.E., El-Hage, N., Hauser, K.F., Glial-restricted precursors: patterns of expression of opioid receptors and relationship to human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat and morphine susceptibility in vitro (2007) Neuroscience, 146, pp. 1546-1554; Burdo, T.H., Lackner, A., Williams, K.C., Monocyte/macrophages and their role in HIV neuropathogenesis (2013) Immunol Rev, 254, pp. 102-113. , PID: 23772617; Burgueno, J., Pujol, M., Monroy, X., Roche, D., Varela, M.J., Merlos, M., Giraldo, J., A complementary scale of biased agonism for agonists with differing maximal responses (2017) Sci Rep, 7; Buttner, A., Review: the neuropathology of drug abuse (2011) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol, 37, pp. 118-134. , PID: 20946118, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3M%2Fps1OrsA%3D%3D; Buttner, A., Weis, S., Neuropathological alterations in drug abusers: the involvement of neurons, glial, and vascular systems (2006) Forensic Sci Med Pathol, 2, pp. 115-126. , PID: 25868590; Buttner, A., Rohrmoser, K., Mall, G., Penning, R., Weis, S., Widespread axonal damage in the brain of drug abusers as evidenced by accumulation of β-amyloid precursor protein (β-APP): an immunohistochemical investigation (2006) Addiction, 101, pp. 1339-1346; Byrd, D.A., Fellows, R.P., Morgello, S., Franklin, D., Heaton, R.K., Deutsch, R., Atkinson, J.H., Grant, I., Neurocognitive impact of substance use in HIV infection (2011) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 58, pp. 154-162. , PID: 21725250; Byrd, D., Murray, J., Safdieh, G., Morgello, S., Impact of opiate addiction on neuroinflammation in HIV (2012) J Neurovirol, 18, pp. 364-373; Cadet, J.L., Bisagno, V., Milroy, C.M., Neuropathology of substance use disorders (2014) Acta Neuropathol, 127, pp. 91-107. , PID: 24292887, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhvVOnsLnJ; Cai, J., Hua, F., Yuan, L., Tang, W., Lu, J., Yu, S., Wang, X., Hu, Y., Potential therapeutic effects of neurotrophins for acute and chronic neurological diseases (2014) Biomed Res Int, 2014, p. 601084. , PID: 24818146; Campbell, G.R., Watkins, J.D., Loret, E.P., Spector, S.A., Differential induction of rat neuronal excitotoxic cell death by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B and C Tat proteins (2011) AIDS Res Hum Retrovir, 27, pp. 647-654; Canto-Nogues, C., Sanchez-Ramon, S., Alvarez, S., Lacruz, C., Munoz-Fernandez, M.A., HIV-1 infection of neurons might account for progressive HIV-1-associated encephalopathy in children (2005) J Mol Neurosci, 27, pp. 79-89. , PID: 16055948, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXotFantbo%3D; Caputi, F.F., Rullo, L., Stamatakos, S., Candeletti, S., Romualdi, P., Interplay between the endogenous opioid system and proteasome complex: beyond signaling (2019) International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20, p. 1441; Carr, D.J.J., Serou, M., Exogenous and endogenous opioids as biological response modifiers (1995) Immunopharmacology, 31, pp. 59-71. , PID: 8655291, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXpslKhtrw%3D; Carr, D.J., Rogers, T.J., Weber, R.J., The relevance of opioids and opioid receptors on immunocompetence and immune homeostasis (1996) Proc Soc Exp Biol Med, 213, pp. 248-257. , PID: 8985308, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXjsFWqtw%3D%3D; Carvallo, L., Lopez, L., Che, F.Y., Lim, J., Eugenin, E.A., Williams, D.W., Nieves, E., Berman, J.W., Buprenorphine decreases the CCL2-mediated chemotactic response of monocytes (2015) J Immunol, 194, pp. 3246-3258. , PID: 25716997, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXkvVKjtbY%3D; (2017) Understanding the Epidemic. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, , https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention; Chang, S.L., Beltran, J.A., Swarup, S., Expression of the mu opioid receptor in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transgenic rat model (2007) J Virol, 81, pp. 8406-8411. , PID: 17553897, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXoslOisb8%3D; Chang, L., Wang, G.J., Volkow, N.D., Ernst, T., Telang, F., Logan, J., Fowler, J.S., Decreased brain dopamine transporters are related to cognitive deficits in HIV patients with or without cocaine abuse (2008) NeuroImage, 42, pp. 869-878. , PID: 18579413; Chao, C.C., Gekker, G., Sheng, W.S., Hu, S., Portoghese, P.S., Peterson, P.K., Endogenous opioid peptides suppress cytokine-mediated upregulation of HIV-1 expression in the chronically infected promonocyte clone U1 (1995) Adv Exp Med Biol, 373, pp. 65-72. , PID: 7668162, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXptlGmu7w%3D; Chao, C.C., Hu, S., Peterson, P.K., Opiates, glia, and neurotoxicity (1996) Adv Exp Med Biol, 402, pp. 29-33. , PID: 8787640, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlsVGmtg%3D%3D; Chao, C.C., Gekker, G., Hu, S., Sheng, W.S., Shark, K.B., Bu, D.F., Archer, S., Peterson, P.K., κ opioid receptors in human microglia downregulate human immunodeficiency virus 1 expression (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, pp. 8051-8056. , PID: 8755601, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XksFSru7k%3D; Chao, C.C., Gekker, G., Hu, S., Kravitz, F., Peterson, P.K., κ-Opioid potentiation of tumor necrosis factor-α-induced anti-HIV-1 activity in acutely infected human brain cell cultures (1998) Biochem Pharmacol, 56, pp. 397-404. , (, a; Chao, C.C., Gekker, G., Sheng, W.S., Hu, S., Loh, H.H., Peterson, P.K., Orphan opioid receptor oligonucleotides inhibit HIV-1 expression in human brain cells (1998) Adv Exp Med Biol, 437, pp. 83-90. , PID: 9666260, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXmvFGlurc%3D; Chao, C.C., Hu, S., Gekker, G., Lokensgard, J.R., Heyes, M.P., Peterson, P.K., U50,488 protection against HIV-1-related neurotoxicity: involvement of quinolinic acid suppression (2000) Neuropharmacology, 39, pp. 150-160. , PID: 10665828, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnvFeju7Y%3D; Chao, J., Yang, L., Yao, H., Buch, S., Platelet-derived growth factor-BB restores HIV Tat-mediated impairment of neurogenesis: role of GSK-3β/β-catenin (2014) J NeuroImmune Pharmacol, 9, pp. 259-268; Chatterjee, K., Host genetic factors in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and progression to AIDS (2010) J Genet, 89, pp. 109-116. , PID: 20505255, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnsF2nsL0%3D; Chaves, C., Gomez-Zepeda, D., Auvity, S., Menet, M.C., Crete, D., Labat, L., Remiao, F., Decleves, X., Effect of subchronic intravenous morphine infusion and naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal on P-gp and Bcrp at the rat blood-brain barrier (2016) J Pharm Sci, 105, pp. 350-358. , PID: 26554626, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhvVSlu7rM; Chen, C., Li, J., Bot, G., Szabo, I., Rogers, T.J., Liu-Chen, L.Y., Heterodimerization and cross-desensitization between the μ-opioid receptor and the chemokine CCR5 receptor (2004) Eur J Pharmacol, 483, pp. 175-186. , PID: 14729105, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsFajtw%3D%3D; Chen, Y., An, H., Zhu, H., Stone, T., Smith, J.K., Hall, C., Bullitt, E., Lin, W., White matter abnormalities revealed by diffusion tensor imaging in non-demented and demented HIV+ patients (2009) NeuroImage, 47, pp. 1154-1162. , PID: 19376246; Chen, K., Phan, T., Lin, A., Sardo, L., Mele, A.R., Nonnemacher, M.R., Klase, Z., Morphine exposure exacerbates HIV-1 Tat driven changes to neuroinflammatory factors in cultured astrocytes (2020) Plos One, 15; Chilunda, V., Calderon, T.M., Martinez-Aguado, P., Berman, J.W., The impact of substance abuse on HIV-mediated neuropathogenesis in the current ART era (2019) Brain Res, 1724, p. 146426. , PID: 31473221, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhvVenur%2FF; Choi, S., Yerneni, R., Healy, S., Goyal, M., Neighbors, C.J., Predictors of medication utilization for opioid use disorder among medicaid-insured HIV patients in New York (2020) The American journal on addictions / American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions, 29, pp. 151-154; Chrousos, G.P., Zapanti, E.D., Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in HIV infection and disease (2014) Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am, 43, pp. 791-806; Churchill, M.J., Gorry, P.R., Cowley, D., Lal, L., Sonza, S., Purcell, D.F., Thompson, K.A., Wesselingh, S.L., Use of laser capture microdissection to detect integrated HIV-1 DNA in macrophages and astrocytes from autopsy brain tissues (2006) J Neuro-Oncol, 12, pp. 146-152; Churchill, M.J., Wesselingh, S.L., Cowley, D., Pardo, C.A., McArthur, J.C., Brew, B.J., Gorry, P.R., Extensive astrocyte infection is prominent in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia (2009) Ann Neurol, 66, pp. 253-258. , PID: 19743454; Churchill, M.J., Deeks, S.G., Margolis, D.M., Siliciano, R.F., Swanstrom, R., HIV reservoirs: what, where and how to target them (2016) Nat Rev Microbiol, 14, pp. 55-60. , PID: 26616417, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhvFWqtLfJ; Clarke, S.M., Mulcahy, F.M., Tjia, J., Reynolds, H.E., Gibbons, S.E., Barry, M.G., Back, D.J., The pharmacokinetics of methadone in HIV-positive patients receiving the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz (2001) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 51, pp. 213-217. , PID: 11298066, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXivVOntb4%3D; Cleck, J.N., Blendy, J.A., Making a bad thing worse: adverse effects of stress on drug addiction (2008) J Clin Invest, 118, pp. 454-461. , PID: 18246196, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsFOnu74%3D; Cloak, C.C., Chang, L., O'Neil, S.P., Ernst, T.M., Anderson, D.C., Donahoe, R.M., Neurometabolite abnormalities in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques with chronic morphine administration (2011) J NeuroImmune Pharmacol, 6, pp. 371-380. , PID: 20938808; Coller, J.K., Hutchinson, M.R., Implications of central immune signaling caused by drugs of abuse: mechanisms, mediators and new therapeutic approaches for prediction and treatment of drug dependence (2012) Pharmacol Ther, 134, pp. 219-245. , PID: 22316499, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjtVOrtbk%3D; Collett, B.J., Opioid tolerance: the clinical perspective (1998) Br J Anaesth, 81, pp. 58-68. , PID: 9771273, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXlt1WktL4%3D; Concha, M., Selnes, O.A., Vlahov, D., Nance-Sproson, T., Updike, M., Royal, W., Palenicek, J., McArthur, J.C., Comparison of neuropsychological performance between AIDS-free injecting drug users and homosexual men (1997) Neuroepidemiology, 16, pp. 78-85. , PID: 9057169, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s3gvF2qtg%3D%3D; Correa, D.G., Zimmermann, N., Doring, T.M., Wilner, N.V., Leite, S.C., Cabral, R.F., Fonseca, R.P., Gasparetto, E.L., Diffusion tensor MR imaging of white matter integrity in HIV-positive patients with planning deficit (2015) Neuroradiology, 57, pp. 475-482. , PID: 25604843; Costa, A., Nappi, R.E., Polatti, F., Poma, A., Grossman, A.B., Nappi, G., Stimulating effect of HIV-1 coat protein gp120 on corticotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin in the rat hypothalamus: involvement of nitric oxide (2000) Exp Neurol, 166, pp. 376-384. , PID: 11085902, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXotFCrs7k%3D; Costa-Neto, C.M., Parreiras, E.S.L.T., Bouvier, M., A pluridimensional view of biased Agonism (2016) Mol Pharmacol, 90, pp. 587-595. , PID: 27638872, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXitVaktbc%3D; Crystal, H.A., Hamon, S., Randesi, M., Cook, J., Anastos, K., Lazar, J., Liu, C., Kreek, M.J., A C17T polymorphism in the mu opiate receptor is associated with quantitative measures of drug use in African American women (2012) Addict Biol, 17, pp. 181-191. , PID: 21070507, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XitVejt7c%3D; Culpepper-Morgan, J.A., Kreek, M.J., Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hypersensitivity to naloxone in opioid dependence: a case of naloxone-induced withdrawal (1997) Metab Clin Exp, 46, pp. 130-134. , PID: 9030816, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXht1emsbg%3D; Dallasta, L.M., Pisarov, L.A., Esplen, J.E., Werley, J.V., Moses, A.V., Nelson, J.A., Achim, C.L., Blood-brain barrier tight junction disruption in human immunodeficiency virus-1 encephalitis (1999) Am J Pathol, 155, pp. 1915-1927. , PID: 10595922, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c%2FmtlKgug%3D%3D; Danos, P., Van Roos, D., Kasper, S., Bromel, T., Broich, K., Krappel, C., Solymosi, L., Moller, H.J., Enlarged cerebrospinal fluid spaces in opiate-dependent male patients: a stereological CT study (1998) Neuropsychobiology, 38, pp. 80-83. , PID: 9732207, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1cvgt1Gltw%3D%3D; Dave, R.S., Morphine affects HIV-induced inflammatory response without influencing viral replication in human monocyte-derived macrophages (2012) FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 64, pp. 228-236. , PID: 22066570, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjslKjtrY%3D; Del Valle, L., Croul, S., Morgello, S., Amini, S., Rappaport, J., Khalili, K., Detection of HIV-1 Tat and JCV capsid protein, VP1 (2000) AIDS Brain with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. J Neurovirol, 6, pp. 221-228; Denis, C.M., Morales, K.H., Wu, Q., Metzger, D.S., Cheatle, M.D., Association between diagnoses of chronic noncancer pain, substance use disorder, and HIV-related outcomes in people living with HIV (2019) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 82, pp. S142-S147. , PID: 31658202; Dever, S.M., Xu, R., Fitting, S., Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., Differential expression and HIV-1 regulation of μ-opioid receptor splice variants across human central nervous system cell types (2012) J Neurovirol, 18, pp. 181-190; Dever, S.M., Costin, B.N., Xu, R., El-Hage, N., Balinang, J., Samoshkin, A., O'brien, M.A., Hauser, K.F., Differential expression of the alternatively spliced OPRM1 isoform μ-opioid receptor-1K in HIV-infected individuals (2014) AIDS, 28, pp. 19-30; Do, T., Murphy, G., Earl, L.A., Del Prete, G.Q., Grandinetti, G., Li, G.H., Estes, J.D., Subramaniam, S., Three-dimensional imaging of HIV-1 virological synapses reveals membrane architectures involved in virus transmission (2014) J Virol, 88, pp. 10327-10339. , PID: 24965444; Donahoe, R.M., Falek, A., Neuroimmunomodulation by opiates and other drugs of abuse: relationship to HIV infection and AIDS (1988) Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol, 44, pp. 145-158. , PID: 3041744, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL1c3ptF2jug%3D%3D; Donahoe, R.M., Vlahov, D., Opiates as potential cofactors in progression of HIV-1 infections to AIDS (1998) J Neuroimmunol, 83, pp. 77-87. , PID: 9610676, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXitlSru74%3D; Donahoe, R.M., Falek, A., Madden, J.J., Nicholson, J.K., Bokos, P., Gallegos, K., Veit, R., Effects of cocaine and other drugs of abuse on immune function (1991) Adv Exp Med Biol, 288, pp. 143-150. , PID: 1950728, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XnsFGjsg%3D%3D; Dronda, F., Zamora, J., Moreno, S., Moreno, A., Casado, J.L., Muriel, A., Perez-Elias, M.J., Quereda, C., CD4 cell recovery during successful antiretroviral therapy in naive HIV-infected patients: the role of intravenous drug use (2004) AIDS, 18, pp. 2210-2212. , PID: 15577659; Dublin, S., Walker, R.L., Gray, S.L., Hubbard, R.A., Anderson, M.L., Yu, O., Crane, P.K., Larson, E.B., Prescription opioids and risk of dementia or cognitive decline: a prospective cohort study (2015) J Am Geriatr Soc, 63, pp. 1519-1526. , PID: 26289681; Duncan, M.J., Bruce-Keller, A.J., Conner, C., Knapp, P.E., Xu, R., Nath, A., Hauser, K.F., Effects of chronic expression of the HIV-induced protein, transactivator of transcription, on circadian activity rhythms in mice, with or without morphine (2008) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 295, pp. R1680-R1687. , PID: 18784333, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVWktbfN; Dutta, R., Roy, S., Mechanism(s) involved in opioid drug abuse modulation of HAND (2012) Curr HIV Res, 10, pp. 469-477. , PID: 22591371, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1SrtLfP; Dutta, R., Roy, S., Chronic morphine and HIV-1 Tat promote differential central nervous system trafficking of CD3+ and Ly6C+ immune cells in a murine Streptococcus pneumoniae infection model (2015) J Neuroinflammation, 12, p. 120; Dutta, R., Krishnan, A., Meng, J., Das, S., Ma, J., Banerjee, S., Wang, J., Roy, S., Morphine modulation of toll-like receptors in microglial cells potentiates neuropathogenesis in a HIV-1 model of coinfection with pneumococcal pneumoniae (2012) J Neurosci, 32, pp. 9917-9930; Dyuizen, I., Lamash, N.E., Histo- and immunocytochemical detection of inducible NOS and TNF-α in the locus coeruleus of human opiate addicts (2009) J Chem Neuroanat, 37, pp. 65-70. , PID: 19038328, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlOitbk%3D; Eap, C.B., Buclin, T., Baumann, P., Interindividual variability of the clinical pharmacokinetics of methadone: implications for the treatment of opioid dependence (2002) Clin Pharmacokinet, 41, pp. 1153-1193. , PID: 12405865, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsFKmsbc%3D; Eichel, K., von Zastrow, M., Subcellular organization of GPCR signaling (2018) Trends Pharmacol Sci, 39, pp. 200-208. , PID: 29478570, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXitVCmsbjL; Eisenstein, T.K., The role of opioid receptors in immune system function (2019) Front Immunol, 10, p. 2904. , PID: 31921165, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVCgtrjJ; El-Hage, N., Gurwell, J.A., Singh, I.N., Knapp, P.E., Nath, A., Hauser, K.F., Synergistic increases in intracellular Ca2+, and the release of MCP-1, RANTES, and IL-6 by astrocytes treated with opiates and HIV-1 Tat (2005) Glia, 50, pp. 91-106; El-Hage, N., Wu, G., Ambati, J., Bruce-Keller, A.J., Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., CCR2 mediates increases in glial activation caused by exposure to HIV-1 Tat and opiates (2006) J Neuroimmunol, 178, pp. 9-16; El-Hage, N., Wu, G., Wang, J., Ambati, J., Knapp, P.E., Reed, J.L., Bruce-Keller, A.J., Hauser, K.F., HIV-1 Tat and opiate-induced changes in astrocytes promote chemotaxis of microglia through the expression of MCP-1 and alternative chemokines (2006) Glia, 53, pp. 132-146; El-Hage, N., Bruce-Keller, A.J., Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., CCL5/RANTES gene deletion attenuates opioid-induced increases in glial CCL2/MCP-1 immunoreactivity and activation in HIV-1 Tat-exposed mice (2008) J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 3, pp. 275-285; El-Hage, N., Bruce-Keller, A.J., Yakovleva, T., Bazov, I., Bakalkin, G., Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., Morphine exacerbates HIV-1 Tat-induced cytokine production in astrocytes through convergent effects on [Ca2+], NF-κB trafficking and transcription (2008) Plos One, 3; El-Hage, N., Podhaizer, E.M., Sturgill, J., Hauser, K.F., Toll-like receptor expression and activation in astroglia: Differential regulation by HIV-1 Tat, gp120, and morphine (2011) Immunol Investig, 40, pp. 498-522; El-Hage, N., Dever, S.M., Fitting, S., Ahmed, T., Hauser, K.F., HIV-1 coinfection and morphine coexposure severely dysregulate hepatitis C virus-induced hepatic proinflammatory cytokine release and free radical production: increased pathogenesis coincides with uncoordinated host defenses (2011) J Virol, 85, pp. 11601-11614. , PID: 21900165, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVansLnP; El-Hage, N., Dever, S.M., Podhaizer, E.M., Arnatt, C.K., Zhang, Y., Hauser, K.F., A novel bivalent HIV-1 entry inhibitor reveals fundamental differences in CCR5-μ-opioid receptor interactions between human astroglia and microglia (2013) AIDS, 27, pp. 2181-2190; El-Hage, N., Rodriguez, M., Podhaizer, E.M., Zou, S., Dever, S.M., Snider, S.E., Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., Ibudilast (AV411), and its AV1013 analog, reduce HIV-1 replication and neuronal death induced by HIV-1 and morphine (2014) AIDS, 28, pp. 1409-1419. , PID: 24732776, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXpsVKrsb4%3D; Elkader, A., Sproule, B., Buprenorphine: clinical pharmacokinetics in the treatment of opioid dependence (2005) Clin Pharmacokinet, 44, pp. 661-680. , PID: 15966752, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXntlWjurs%3D; Ensoli, F., Ensoli, B., Thiele, C.J., HIV-1 gene expression and replication in neuronal and glial cell lines with immature phenotype: effects of nerve growth factor (1994) Virology, 200, pp. 668-676. , PID: 8178451, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXkvVSkt74%3D; Eran, A., Barak, M., Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after combined general and spinal anesthesia with intrathecal morphine (2009) Anesth Analg, 108, pp. 609-612. , PID: 19151296; Eriksson, P.S., Hansson, E., Ronnback, L., Delta and kappa opiate receptors in primary astroglial cultures. Part II: receptor sets in cultures from various brain regions and interactions with beta-receptor activated cyclic AMP (1992) Neurochem Res, 17, pp. 545-551. , PID: 1318509, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XisVyqt78%3D; Ersche, K.D., Clark, L., London, M., Robbins, T.W., Sahakian, B.J., Profile of executive and memory function associated with amphetamine and opiate dependence (2006) Neuropsychopharmacology, 31, pp. 1036-1047. , PID: 16160707, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjsFaht7o%3D; Ersek, M., Cherrier, M.M., Overman, S.S., Irving, G.A., The cognitive effects of opioids (2004) Pain Manag Nurs, 5, pp. 75-93. , PID: 15297954; Esiri, M.M., Morris, C.S., Millard, P.R., Fate of oligodendrocytes in HIV-1 infection (1991) AIDS, 5, pp. 1081-1088. , PID: 1657038, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FivFOhsQ%3D%3D; Eugenin, E.A., Clements, J.E., Zink, M.C., Berman, J.W., Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human astrocytes disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity by a gap junction-dependent mechanism (2011) J Neurosci, 31, pp. 9456-9465. , PID: 21715610, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXoslequ7w%3D; Global burden of disease study (2017) Global Health Data Exchange, , http://www.healthdata.org/gbd/gbd-2017-resources; Facchinetti, F., Grasso, A., Petraglia, F., Parrini, D., Volpe, A., Genazzani, A.R., Impaired circadian rhythmicity of beta-lipotrophin, beta-endorphin and ACTH in heroin addicts (1984) Acta Endocrinol, 105, pp. 149-155. , PID: 6320568, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2c7isVSktA%3D%3D; Falek, A., Donahoe, R.M., Madden, J.J., Shafer, D.A., Opiates as immunosuppressive and genotoxic agents (1991) Drugs of Abuse, Immunity, and Immunodeficiency, 288, pp. 189-201. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK38XnsFGjsQ%3D%3D; Fan, Y., Gao, X., Chen, J., Liu, Y., He, J.J., HIV tat impairs neurogenesis through functioning as a notch ligand and activation of notch signaling pathway (2016) J Neurosci, 36, pp. 11362-11373. , PID: 27807176, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhs1Ohu7c%3D; Fan, R., Schrott, L.M., Arnold, T., Snelling, S., Rao, M., Graham, D., Cornelius, A., Korneeva, N.L., Chronic oxycodone induces axonal degeneration in rat brain (2018) BMC Neurosci, 19, p. 15. , PID: 29571287; Fauci, A.S., Redfield, R.R., Sigounas, G., Weahkee, M.D., Giroir, B.P., Ending the HIV epidemic: a plan for the United States (2019) JAMA, 321, pp. 844-845. , PID: 30730529; Feng, X.Q., Zhu, L.L., Zhou, Q., Opioid analgesics-related pharmacokinetic drug interactions: from the perspectives of evidence based on randomized controlled trials and clinical risk management (2017) J Pain Res, 10, pp. 1225-1239. , PID: 28579821, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhvVWksL%2FF; Ferrell, D., Giunta, B., The impact of HIV-1 on neurogenesis: implications for HAND (2014) Cellular and molecular life sciences: CMLS, 71, pp. 4387-4392. , PID: 25134912, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhtlOrtLfI; Festa, L., Meucci, O., Effects of opiates and HIV proteins on neurons: the role of ferritin heavy chain and a potential for synergism (2012) Curr HIV Res, 10, pp. 453-462. , PID: 22591369, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1SrtLfN; Festa, L., Roth, L.M., Geiger, J.D., Jordan-Sciutto, K.L., Grinspan, J.B., Protease inhibitors, saquinavir and darunavir, inhibit oligodendrocyte maturation: Implications for Lysosomal Stress (2019) J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-019-09893-8; Finley, M.J., Chen, X., Bardi, G., Davey, P., Geller, E.B., Zhang, L., Adler, M.W., Rogers, T.J., Bi-directional heterologous desensitization between the major HIV-1 co-receptor CXCR4 and the κ-opioid receptor (2008) J Neuroimmunol, 197, pp. 114-123; Fischer-Smith, T., Croul, S., Sverstiuk, A.E., Capini, C., L'heureux, D., Regulier, E.G., Richardson, M.W., Rappaport, J., CNS invasion by CD14+/CD16+ peripheral blood-derived monocytes in HIV dementia: Perivascular accumulation and reservoir of HIV infection (2001) J Neurovirol, 7, pp. 528-541; Fitting, S., Zou, S., Chen, W., Vo, P., Hauser, K.F., Knapp, P.E., Regional heterogeneity and diversity in cytokine and chemokine production by astroglia: Differential responses to HIV-1 Tat, gp120, and morphine revealed by multiplex analysis (2010) J Proteome Res, 9, pp. 1795-1804; Fitting, S., Xu, R., Bull, C., Buch, S.K., El-Hage, N., Nath, A., Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., Interactive comorbidity between opioid drug abuse and HIV-1 Tat: Chronic exposure augments spine loss and sublethal dendritic pathology in striatal neurons (2010) Am J Pathol, 177, pp. 1397-1410; Fitting, S., Scoggins, K.L., Xu, R., Dever, S.M., Knapp, P.E., Dewey, W.L., Hauser, K.F., Morphine efficacy is altered in conditional HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice (2012) Eur J Pharmacol, 689, pp. 96-103; Fitting, S., Knapp, P.E., Zou, S., Marks, W.D., Bowers, M.S., Akbarali, H.I., Hauser, K.F., Interactive HIV-1 Tat and morphine-induced synaptodendritic injury is triggered through focal disruptions in Na+ influx, mitochondrial instability, and Ca2+ overload (2014) J Neurosci, 34, pp. 12850-12864; Fitting, S., Zou, S., El-Hage, N., Suzuki, M., Paris, J.J., Schier, C.J., Rodriguez, J.W., Hauser, K.F., Opiate addiction therapies and HIV-1 Tat: Interactive effects on glial [Ca2+] i oxyradical and neuroinflammatory chemokine production and correlative neurotoxicity (2014) Curr HIV Res, 12, pp. 424-434; Fitting, S., Stevens, D.L., Khan, F.A., Scoggins, K.L., Enga, R.M., Beardsley, P.M., Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., Morphine tolerance and physical dependence are altered in conditional HIV-1 Tat transgenic mice (2016) J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 356, pp. 96-105; Friden, M., Winiwarter, S., Jerndal, G., Bengtsson, O., Wan, H., Bredberg, U., Hammarlund-Udenaes, M., Antonsson, M., Structure-brain exposure relationships in rat and human using a novel data set of unbound drug concentrations in brain interstitial and cerebrospinal fluids (2009) J Med Chem, 52, pp. 6233-6243. , PID: 19764786, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFCqtbzM; Fukagawa, H., Koyama, T., Kakuyama, M., Fukuda, K., Microglial activation involved in morphine tolerance is not mediated by toll-like receptor 4 (2013) J Anesth, 27, pp. 93-97. , PID: 22926420; Gabrilovac, J., Cupic, B., Zapletal, E., Brozovic, A., IFN-γ up-regulates κ opioid receptors (KOR) on murine macrophage cell line J774 (2012) J Neuroimmunol, 245, pp. 56-65; Galandrin, S., Bouvier, M., Distinct signaling profiles of β1 and β2 adrenergic receptor ligands toward adenylyl cyclase and mitogen-activated protein kinase reveals the pluridimensionality of efficacy (2006) Mol Pharmacol, 70, pp. 1575-1584; Galligan, J.J., HIV, opiates, and enteric neuron dysfunction (2015) Neurogastroenterology and motility: the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society, 27, pp. 449-454. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXlt1Wmtbw%3D; Gandhi, N., Saiyed, Z., Thangavel, S., Rodriguez, J., Rao, K.V., Nair, M.P., Differential effects of HIV type 1 clade B and clade C Tat protein on expression of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines by primary monocytes (2009) AIDS Res Hum Retrovir, 25, pp. 691-699; Gaskill, P.J., Miller, D.R., Gamble-George, J., Yano, H., Khoshbouei, H., HIV, Tat and dopamine transmission (2017) Neurobiol Dis, 105, pp. 51-73; Gandhi, N., Saiyed, Z.M., Napuri, J., Samikkannu, T., Reddy, P.V.B., Agudelo, M., Khatavkar, P., Nair, M.P.N., Interactive role of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade-specific Tat protein and cocaine in blood-brain barrier dysfunction: Implications for HIV-1–associated neurocognitive disorder (2010) J Neurovirol, 16 (4), pp. 294-305; Gekker, G., Hu, S., Wentland, M.P., Bidlack, J.M., Lokensgard, J.R., Peterson, P.K., Kappa-opioid receptor ligands inhibit cocaine-induced HIV-1 expression in microglial cells (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 309, pp. 600-606. , PID: 14757849, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjs1yhurk%3D; Gelman, B.B., Lisinicchia, J.G., Chen, T., Johnson, K.M., Jennings, K., Freeman, D.H., Jr., Soukup, V.M., Prefrontal dopaminergic and enkephalinergic synaptic accommodation in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and encephalitis (2012) J NeuroImmune Pharmacol, 7, pp. 686-700. , PID: 22391864; George, M.M., Bhangoo, A., Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (2013) Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 14, pp. 105-112. , PID: 23728720, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtVWhtbvF; George, O., Le Moal, M., Koob, G.F., Allostasis and addiction: role of the dopamine and corticotropin-releasing factor systems (2012) Physiol Behav, 106, pp. 58-64. , PID: 22108506, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjtFSjsL0%3D; Geretti, A.M., HIV-1 subtypes: epidemiology and significance for HIV management (2006) Curr Opin Infect Dis, 19, pp. 1-7. , PID: 16374210; Ginsberg, M.D., Hedley-Whyte, E.T., Richardson, E.P., Jr., Hypoxic-ischemic leukoencephalopathy in man (1976) Arch Neurol, 33, pp. 5-14. , PID: 1247396, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE287htFGhsg%3D%3D; Gironi, M., Martinelli, V., Brambilla, E., Furlan, R., Panerai, A.E., Comi, G., Sacerdote, P., β-endorphin concentrations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with multiple sclerosis: effects of treatment with interferon beta (2000) Arch Neurol, 57, pp. 1178-1181; Gironi, M., Furlan, R., Rovaris, M., Comi, G., Filippi, M., Panerai, A.E., Sacerdote, P., β endorphin concentrations in PBMC of patients with different clinical phenotypes of multiple sclerosis (2003) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 74, pp. 495-497; Gnanakaran, S., Lang, D., Daniels, M., Bhattacharya, T., Derdeyn, C.A., Korber, B., Clade-specific differences between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades B and C: diversity and correlations in C3-V4 regions of gp120 (2007) J Virol, 81, pp. 4886-4891. , PID: 17166900, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXkvFChtL4%3D; Gomes, I., Sierra, S., Lueptow, L., Gupta, A., Gouty, S., Margolis, E.B., Cox, B.M., Devi, L.A., Biased signaling by endogenous opioid peptides (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 117, pp. 11820-11828; Gonek, M., McLane, V.D., Stevens, D.L., Lippold, K., Akbarali, H.I., Knapp, P.E., Dewey, W.L., Paris, J.J., CCR5 mediates HIV-1 Tat-induced neuroinflammation and influences morphine tolerance, dependence, and reward (2018) Brain Behav Immun, 69, pp. 124-138; Gorry, P.R., Ong, C., Thorpe, J., Bannwarth, S., Thompson, K.A., Gatignol, A., Vesselingh, S.L., Purcell, D.F., Astrocyte infection by HIV-1: mechanisms of restricted virus replication, and role in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated dementia (2003) Curr HIV Res, 1, pp. 463-473. , PID: 15049431, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnsVGrs7Y%3D; Gosztonyi, G., Schmidt, V., Nickel, R., Rothschild, M.A., Camacho, S., Siegel, G., Zill, E., Schneider, V., Neuropathologic analysis of postmortal brain samples of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative i.v. drug addicts (1993) Forensic Sci Int, 62, pp. 101-105. , PID: 8300019, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2c7jtFeltQ%3D%3D; Gosztonyi, G., Artigas, J., Lamperth, L., Webster, H.D., Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) distribution in HIV encephalitis: study of 19 cases with combined use of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry (1994) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 53, pp. 521-534. , PID: 8083694, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2czmsFKisQ%3D%3D; Gray, F., Scaravilli, F., Everall, I., Chretien, F., An, S., Boche, D., Adle-Biassette, H., Lantos, P., Neuropathology of early HIV-1 infection (1996) Brain Pathol, 6, pp. 1-15. , PID: 8866743, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2FitVeltg%3D%3D; Gray, L.R., Tachedjian, G., Ellett, A.M., Roche, M.J., Cheng, W.J., Guillemin, G.J., Brew, B.J., Churchill, M.J., The NRTIs lamivudine, stavudine and zidovudine have reduced HIV-1 inhibitory activity in astrocytes (2013) PLoS One, 8. , PID: 23614033, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXms1Crs7o%3D; Grimm, M.C., Ben-Baruch, A., Taub, D.D., Howard, O.M., Resau, J.H., Wang, J.M., Ali, H., Oppenheim, J.J., Opiates transdeactivate chemokine receptors: delta and mu opiate receptor-mediated heterologous desensitization (1998) J Exp Med, 188, pp. 317-325. , PID: 9670044, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXkvVaqt7c%3D; Gris, P., Gauthier, J., Cheng, P., Gibson, D.G., Gris, D., Laur, O., Pierson, J., Diatchenko, L., A novel alternatively spliced isoform of the mu-opioid receptor: functional antagonism (2010) Mol Pain, 6, p. 33. , PID: 20525224; Gruber, S.A., Silveri, M.M., Yurgelun-Todd, D.A., Neuropsychological consequences of opiate use (2007) Neuropsychol Rev, 17, pp. 299-315. , PID: 17690984; Guo, C.-J., Li, Y., Tian, S., Wang, X., Douglas, S.D., Ho, W.-Z., Morphine enhances HIV infection of human blood mononuclear phagocytes through modulation of β-chemokines and CCR5 receptor (2002) J Investig Med, 50, pp. 435-442. , PID: 12425430, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XptFaksro%3D; Guo, M., Bryant, J., Sultana, S., Jones, O., Royal, W., 3rd, Effects of vitamin a deficiency and opioids on parvalbumin + interneurons in the hippocampus of the HIV-1 transgenic rat (2012) Curr HIV Res, 10, pp. 463-468. , PID: 22591370, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1SrtLfO; Gupta, J.D., Satishchandra, P., Gopukumar, K., Wilkie, F., Waldrop-Valverde, D., Ellis, R., Ownby, R., Kumar, M., Neuropsychological deficits in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade C-seropositive adults from South India (2007) J Neurovirol, 13, pp. 195-202; Gupta, S., Knight, A.G., Gupta, S., Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., Keller, J.N., Bruce-Keller, A.J., HIV-Tat elicits microglial glutamate release: Role of NAPDH oxidase and the cystine-glutamate antiporter (2010) Neurosci Lett, 485, pp. 233-236; Gurwell, J.A., Duncan, M.J., Maderspach, K., Stiene-Martin, A., Elde, R.P., Hauser, K.F., κ-opioid receptor expression defines a phenotypically distinct subpopulation of astroglia: relationship to Ca2+ mobilization, development, and the antiproliferative effect of opioids (1996) Brain Res, 737, pp. 175-187. , PID: 8930364, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xms1aqtr8%3D; Gurwell, J.A., Nath, A., Sun, Q., Zhang, J., Martin, K.M., Chen, Y., Hauser, K.F., Synergistic neurotoxicity of opioids and human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein in striatal neurons in vitro (2001) Neuroscience, 102 (3), pp. 555-563; Hahn, J.W., Jagwani, S., Kim, E., Rendell, V.R., He, J., Ezerskiy, L.A., Wesselschmidt, R., Belcheva, M.M., Mu and kappa opioids modulate mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor differentiation via MAP kinases (2010) J Neurochem, 112, pp. 1431-1441. , PID: 19895666, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjsFaku78%3D; Hahn, Y.K., Podhaizer, E.M., Hauser, K.F., Knapp, P.E., HIV-1 alters neural and glial progenitor cell dynamics in the central nervous system: coordinated response to opiates during maturation (2012) Glia, 60, pp. 1871-1887. , PID: 22865725; Hahn, Y.K., Paris, J.J., Lichtman, A.H., Hauser, K.F., Sim-Selley, L.J., Selley, D.E., Knapp, P.E., Central HIV-1 Tat exposure elevates anxiety and fear conditioned responses of male mice concurrent with altered μ-opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation and β-arrestin 2 activity in the forebrain (2016) Neurobiol Dis, 92, pp. 124-136; Hauser, K.F., Knapp, P.E., Interactions of HIV and drugs of abuse: the importance of glia, neural progenitors, and host genetic factors (2014) Int Rev Neurobiol, 118, pp. 231-313. , PID: 25175867; Hauser, K.F., Knapp, P.E., Opiate drugs with abuse liability hijack the endogenous opioid system to disrupt neuronal and glial maturation in the central nervous system (2018) Front Pediatr, 5, p. 294. , PID: 29410949; Hauser, K.F., Osborne, J.G., Stiene-Martin, A., Melner, M.H., Cellular localization of proenkephalin mRNA and enkephalin peptide products in cultured astrocytes (1990) Brain Res, 522, pp. 347-353. , PID: 2224534, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXltV2ls7g%3D; Hauser, K.F., Gurwell, J.A., Bhat, N.R., Endogenous opioid systems and the growth of oligodendrocyte progenitors: paradoxical increases in oligodendrogenesis as an indirect mechanism of opioid action (1993) Glia, 9, pp. 157-162. , PID: 8244536, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2c%2FmsVWhsg%3D%3D; Hauser, K.F., Stiene-Martin, A., Mattson, M.P., Elde, R.P., Ryan, S.E., Godleske, C.C., μ-Opioid receptor-induced Ca2+ mobilization and astroglial development: Morphine inhibits DNA synthesis and stimulates cellular hypertrophy through a Ca2+ -dependent mechanism (1996) Brain Res, 720, pp. 191-203; Hauser, K.F., El-Hage, N., Buch, S., Berger, J.R., Tyor, W.R., Nath, A., Bruce-Keller, A.J., Knapp, P.E., Molecular targets of opiate drug abuse in neuroAIDS (2005) Neurotox Res, 8, pp. 63-80. , PID: 16260386, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFKlsbrO; Hauser, K.F., El-Hage, N., Stiene-Martin, A., Maragos, W.F., Nath, A., Persidsky, Y., Volsky, D.J., Knapp, P.E., HIV-1 neuropathogenesis: glial mechanisms revealed through substance abuse (2007) J Neurochem, 100, pp. 567-586. , PID: 17173547, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhvFGgsbY%3D; Hauser, K.F., Hahn, Y.K., Adjan, V.V., Zou, S., Buch, S.K., Nath, A., Bruce-Keller, A.J., Knapp, P.E., HIV-1 tat and morphine have interactive effects on oligodendrocyte survival and morphology (2009) Glia, 57, pp. 194-206. , PID: 18756534; Hauser, K.F., Fitting, S., Dever, S.M., Podhaizer, E.M., Knapp, P.E., Opiate drug use and the pathophysiology of neuroAIDS (2012) Curr HIV Res, 10, pp. 435-452. , PID: 22591368, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhs1SrtLfM; Herman, A.I., Balogh, K.N., Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter and receptor genes: susceptibility to substance abuse (2012) Subst Abus Rehabil, 3, pp. 49-57; Ho, W.Z., Guo, C.J., Yuan, C.S., Douglas, S.D., Moss, J., Methylnaltrexone antagonizes opioid-mediated enhancement of HIV infection of human blood mononuclear phagocytes (2003) J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 307, pp. 1158-1162. , PID: 14560041, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpslSht74%3D; Hu, S., Sheng, W.S., Rock, R.B., Immunomodulatory properties of kappa opioids and synthetic cannabinoids in HIV-1 neuropathogenesis (2011) J NeuroImmune Pharmacol, 6, pp. 528-539. , PID: 21850403; Hu, G., Yao, H., Chaudhuri, A.D., Duan, M., Yelamanchili, S.V., Wen, H., Cheney, P.D., Buch, S., Exosome-mediated shuttling of microRNA-29 regulates HIV Tat and morphine-mediated neuronal dysfunction (2012) Cell Death Dis, 3; Huang, Y., Paxton, W.A., Wolinsky, S.M., Neumann, A.U., Zhang, L., He, T., Kang, S., Koup, R.A., The role of a mutant CCR5 allele in HIV-1 transmission and disease progression (1996) Nat Med, 2, pp. 1240-1243. , PID: 8898752, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xms1WqurY%3D; Hutchinson, M.R., Northcutt, A.L., Chao, L.W., Kearney, J.J., Zhang, Y., Berkelhammer, D.L., Loram, L.C., Watkins, L.R., Minocycline suppresses morphine-induced respiratory depression, suppresses morphine-induced reward, and enhances systemic morphine-induced analgesia (2008) Brain Behav Immun, 22, pp. 1248-1256. , PID: 18706994, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFOltbvI; Hutchinson, M.R., Lewis, S.S., Coats, B.D., Skyba, D.A., Crysdale, N.Y., Berkelhammer, D.L., Brzeski, A., Johnson, K.W., Reduction of opioid withdrawal and potentiation of acute opioid analgesia by systemic AV411 (ibudilast) (2009) Brain Behav Immun, 23, pp. 240-250. , PID: 18938237, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFSntLs%3D; Hutchinson, M.R., Evidence that opioids may have toll-like receptor 4 and MD-2 effects (2010) Brain Behav Immun, 24, pp. 83-95. , PID: 19679181, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVynt77M; Hutchinson, M.R., Opioid activation of toll-like receptor 4 contributes to drug reinforcement (2012) J Neurosci, 32, pp. 11187-11200. , PID: 22895704, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xht1Ors7%2FK; Ikeda, K., Ide, S., Han, W., Hayashida, M., Uhl, G.R., Sora, I., How individual sensitivity to opiates can be predicted by gene analyses (2005) Trends Pharmacol Sci, 26, pp. 311-317. , PID: 15925706, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltFegt7o%3D; Indelicato, R.A., Portenoy, R.K., Opioid rotation in the management of refractory cancer pain (2002) Journal of clinical oncology: official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 20, pp. 348-352; Ivers, J.H., Fitzgerald, J., Whelan, C., Sweeney, B., Keenan, E., Fagan, A., McMarrow, J., Frodl, T., Progressive white matter impairment as a predictor of outcome in a cohort of opioid-dependent patient's post-detoxification (2018) Addict Biol, 23, pp. 304-312. , PID: 27739172, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhsFKgtrg%3D; Jacobs, E.H., Smit, A.B., de Vries, T.J., Schoffelmeer, A.N., Long-term gene expression in the nucleus accumbens following heroin administration is subregion-specific and depends on the nature of drug administration (2005) Addict Biol, 10, pp. 91-100. , PID: 15849023, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtFCqtb%2FL; Jacobs, M.M., Murray, J., Byrd, D.A., Hurd, Y.L., Morgello, S., HIV-related cognitive impairment shows bi-directional association with dopamine receptor DRD1 and DRD2 polymorphisms in substance-dependent and substance-independent populations (2013) J Neurovirol, 19, pp. 495-504; Jankovic, B.D., Horvat, J., Djordjijevic, D., Ramah, A., Fridman, V., Spahic, O., Brain-associated autoimmune features in heroin addicts: correlation to HIV infection and dementia (1991) The International journal of neuroscience, 58, pp. 113-126. , PID: 1938173, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2FktVKgtw%3D%3D; Jaureguiberry-Bravo, M., Wilson, R., Carvallo, L., Berman, J.W., Opioids and opioid maintenance therapies: their impact on monocyte-mediated HIV Neuropathogenesis (2016) Curr HIV Res, 14, pp. 417-430. , PID: 27009099, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhslKksLjI; Jeevanjee, S., Penko, J., Guzman, D., Miaskowski, C., Bangsberg, D.R., Kushel, M.B., Opioid analgesic misuse is associated with incomplete antiretroviral adherence in a cohort of HIV-infected indigent adults in San Francisco (2014) AIDS Behav, 18, pp. 1352-1358. , PID: 24077929; Jensen, B.K., Monnerie, H., Mannell, M.V., Gannon, P.J., Espinoza, C.A., Erickson, M.A., Bruce-Keller, A.J., Grinspan, J.B., Altered oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin maintenance: the role of Antiretrovirals in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (2015) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 74, pp. 1093-1118. , PID: 26469251, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhs1yltrnP; Jensen, B.K., Roth, L.M., Grinspan, J.B., Jordan-Sciutto, K.L., White matter loss and oligodendrocyte dysfunction in HIV: a consequence of the infection, the antiretroviral therapy or both? (2019) Brain Res, 1724, p. 146397. , PID: 31442414, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhslWnt7bO; Kang, W., Hebert, J.M., Signaling pathways in reactive astrocytes, a genetic perspective (2011) Mol Neurobiol, 43, pp. 147-154. , PID: 21234816, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXlsFajurk%3D; Kenakin, T., Functional selectivity and biased receptor signaling (2011) J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 336, pp. 296-302. , PID: 21030484, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhslWhsr0%3D; Khalsa, J., Vocci, F., Altice, F., Fiellin, D., Miller, V., Buprenorphine and HIV primary care: new opportunities for integrated treatment (2006) Clin Infect Dis, 43, pp. S169-S172. , PID: 17109302; Kharasch, E.D., Current concepts in methadone metabolism and transport (2017) Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev, 6, pp. 125-134. , PID: 28263461, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXjs12nsbc%3D; Khatri, U.G., Perrone, J., Opioid use disorder and COVID-19: crashing of the crises (2020) J Addict Med, 14, pp. e6-e7. , (,),.,:., https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000684; Khurdayan, V.K., Buch, S., El-Hage, N., Lutz, S.E., Goebel, S.M., Singh, I.N., Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., Preferential vulnerability of astroglia and glial precursors to combined opioid and HIV-1 Tat exposure in vitro (2004) Eur J Neurosci, 19, pp. 3171-3182; Kibaly, C., Xu, C., Cahill, C.M., Evans, C.J., Law, P.-Y., Non-nociceptive roles of opioids in the CNS: opioids’ effects on neurogenesis, learning, memory and affect (2018) Nat Rev Neurosci, 20, pp. 5-18; Kieffer, B.L., Gaveriaux-Ruff, C., Exploring the opioid system by gene knockout (2002) Prog Neurobiol, 66, pp. 285-306. , PID: 12015197, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjsFyht7Y%3D; Kim, S., Hahn, Y.K., Podhaizer, E.M., McLane, V.D., Zou, S., Hauser, K.F., Knapp, P.E., A central role for glial CCR5 in directing the neuropathological interactions of HIV-1 Tat and opiates (2018) J Neuroinflammation, 15, p. 285; Kimura-Kuroda, J., Nagashima, K., Yasui, K., Inhibition of myelin formation by HIV-1 gp120 in rat cerebral cortex culture (1994) Arch Virol, 137, pp. 81-99. , PID: 7526826, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXmtVeitrs%3D; Kish, S.J., Kalasinsky, K.S., Derkach, P., Schmunk, G.A., Guttman, M., Ang, L., Adams, V., Haycock, J.W., Striatal dopaminergic and serotonergic markers in human heroin users (2001) Neuropsychopharmacology, 24, pp. 561-567. , PID: 11282256, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXitF2ksLs%3D; Knapp, P.E., Hauser, K.F., μ-Opioid receptor activation enhances DNA synthesis in immature oligodendrocytes (1996) Brain Res, 743, pp. 341-345; Knapp, P.E., Maderspach, K., Hauser, K.F., Endogenous opioid system in developing normal and jimpy oligodendrocytes: μ and κ opioid receptors mediate differential mitogenic and growth responses (1998) Glia, 22, pp. 189-201; Knapp, P.E., Itkis, O.S., Zhang, L., Spruce, B.A., Bakalkin, G., Hauser, K.F., Endogenous opioids and oligodendroglial function: possible autocrine/paracrine effects on cell survival and development (2001) Glia, 35, pp. 156-165. , PID: 11460271, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvhtFynsw%3D%3D; Knapp, P.E., Adjan, V.V., Hauser, K.F., Cell-specific loss of κ-opioid receptors in oligodendrocytes of the dysmyelinating jimpy mouse (2009) Neurosci Lett, 451, pp. 114-118; Ko, A., Kang, G., Hattler, J.B., Galadima, H.I., Zhang, J., Li, Q., Kim, W.K., Macrophages but not Astrocytes Harbor HIV DNA in the brains of HIV-1-infected Aviremic individuals on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (2019) J NeuroImmune Pharmacol, 14, pp. 110-119. , PID: 30194646; Kodaira, H., Kusuhara, H., Fujita, T., Ushiki, J., Fuse, E., Sugiyama, Y., Quantitative evaluation of the impact of active efflux by P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein at the blood-brain barrier on the predictability of the unbound concentrations of drugs in the brain using cerebrospinal fluid concentration as a surrogate (2011) J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 339, pp. 935-944; Kodaira, H., Kusuhara, H., Fuse, E., Ushiki, J., Sugiyama, Y., Quantitative investigation of the brain-to-cerebrospinal fluid unbound drug concentration ratio under steady-state conditions in rats using a pharmacokinetic model and scaling factors for active efflux transporters (2014) Drug Metab Dispos, 42, pp. 983-989. , PID: 24644297; Kolodyny, A., Courtwright, D.T., Hwang, C.S., Kreiner, P., Eadie, J.L., Clark, T.W., Alexander, G.C., The prescription opioid and heroin crisis: a public health approach to an epidemic of addiction (2015) Annu Rev Public Health, 36, pp. 559-574; Koob, G.F., Neurobiology of opioid addiction: opponent process, Hyperkatifeia, and negative reinforcement (2020) Biol Psychiatry, 87, pp. 44-53. , PID: 31400808, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhsFCmtr3N; Koob, G., Kreek, M.J., Stress, dysregulation of drug reward pathways, and the transition to drug dependence (2007) Am J Psychiatry, 164, pp. 1149-1159. , PID: 17671276; Koob, G.F., Volkow, N.D., Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis (2016) Lancet Psychiatry, 3, pp. 760-773. , PID: 27475769; Kostrikis, L.G., Huang, Y., Moore, J.P., Wolinsky, S.M., Zhang, L., Guo, Y., Deutsch, L., Ho, D.D., A chemokine receptor CCR2 allele delays HIV-1 disease progression and is associated with a CCR5 promoter mutation (1998) Nat Med, 4, pp. 350-353. , PID: 9500612, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXhs1Kitbw%3D; Kovacs, G.G., Horvath, M.C., Majtenyi, K., Lutz, M.I., Hurd, Y.L., Keller, E., Heroin abuse exaggerates age-related deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau and p62-positive inclusions (2015) Neurobiol Aging, 36, pp. 3100-3107. , PID: 26254956, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXht1yhu7%2FI; Kramer-Hammerle, S., Rothenaigner, I., Wolff, H., Bell, J.E., Brack-Werner, R., Cells of the central nervous system as targets and reservoirs of the human immunodeficiency virus (2005) Virus Res, 111, pp. 194-213. , PID: 15885841; Krathwohl, M.D., Kaiser, J.L., HIV-1 promotes quiescence in human neural progenitor cells (2004) J Infect Dis, 190, pp. 216-226; Kreek, M.J., Medical safety and side effects of methadone in tolerant individuals (1973) JAMA, 223, pp. 665-668. , PID: 4739193, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaE3s%2Fns1Grtw%3D%3D; Kreek, M.J., Tolerance and dependence: implications for the pharmacological treatment of addiction (1987) NIDA Res Monogr, 76, pp. 53-62. , PID: 3125471, COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7ktlWhsg%3D%3D; Kreek, M.J., Drug addictions. Molecular and cellular endpoints (2001) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 937, pp. 27-49. , PID: 11458539, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlsV2ku7k%3D; Kreek, M.J., Opioids, dopamine, stress, and the addictions (2007) Dialogues Clin Neurosci, 9, pp. 363-378. , PID: 18286797; Kreek, M.J., LaForge, K.S., Butelman, E., Pharmacotherapy of addictions (2002) Nat Rev Drug Discov, 1, pp. 710-726. , PID: 12209151, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmslamtL4%3D; Kreek, M.J., Bart, G., Lilly, C., LaForge, K.S., Nielsen, D.A., Pharmacogenetics and human molecular genetics of opiate and cocaine addictions and their treatments (2005) Pharmacol Rev, 57, pp. 1-26. , PID: 15734726, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXis1Gmtrw%3D; Kringen, M.K., Chalabianloo, F., Bernard, J.P., Bramness, J.G., Molden, E., Hoiseth, G., Combined effect of CYP2B6 genotype and other candidate genes on a steady-state serum concentration of methadone in opioid maintenance treatment (2017) Ther Drug Monit, 39, pp. 550-555. , PID: 28723731, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhsV2rsL7K; Krishnan, G., Chatterjee, N., Differential immune mechanism to HIV-1 Tat variants and its regulation by AEA [corrected] (2015) Sci Rep, 5, p. 9887; Kuhlman, J.J., Jr., Lalani, S., Magluilo, J., Jr., Levine, B., Darwin, W.D., Human pharmacokinetics of intravenous, sublingual, and buccal buprenorphine (1996) J Anal Toxicol, 20, pp. 369-378. , PID: 8889672, COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlvF2rt78%3D; Kumar, R., Orsoni, S., Norman, L., Verma, A.S., Tirado, G., Giavedoni, L.D., Staprans, S., Kumar, A., Chronic morphine exposure causes pronounced virus replication in cerebral compartment and accelerated onset of AIDS in SIV/SHIV-infected Indian rhesus macaques (2006) Virology, 354, pp. 192-206. , PID: 16876224, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVWqtLrE; Kwiatkowski, C.F., Booth, R.E., Methadone maintenance as HIV risk reduction with street-recruited injecting drug users (2001) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 26, pp. 483-489. , PID: 11391170, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXktlWlurg%3D; Lacagnina, M.J., Rivera, P.D., Bilbo, S.D., Glial and neuroimmune mechanisms as critical modulators of drug use and abuse (2017) Neuropsychopharmacology, 42, pp. 156-177. , PID: 27402494, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhsVOitb%2FK; Lama, J., Planelles, V., Host factors influencing susceptibility to HIV infection and AIDS progression (2007) Retrovirology, 4, p. 52. , PID: 17651505; Langford, T.D., Letendre, S.L., Marcotte, T.D., Ellis, R.J., JA, M., Grant, I., Mallory, M.E., Group, H., Severe, demyelinating leukoencephalopathy in AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy (2002) AIDS, 16, pp. 1019-1029. , PID: 11953468; Lapierre, J., Rodriguez, M., Ojha, C.R., El-Hage, N., Critical role of Beclin1 in HIV Tat and morphine-induced inflammation and calcium release in glial cells from autophagy deficient mouse (2018) J NeuroImmune Pharmacol, 13, pp. 355-370; Lawlor, P.G., The panorama of opioid-related cognitive dysfunction in patients with cancer: a critical literature appraisal (2002) Cancer, 94, pp. 1836-1853. , PID: 11920548, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtVGlsbs%3D; Lawrence, D.M., Durham, L.C., Schwartz, L., Seth, P., Maric, D., Major, E.O., Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human brain-derived progenitor cells (2004) J Virol, 78, pp. 7319-7328; Lee, M.H., Amin, N.D., Venkatesan, A., Wang, T., Tyagi, R., Pant, H.C., Nath, A., Impaired neurogenesis and neurite outgrowth in an HIV-gp120 transgenic model is reversed by exercise via BDNF production and Cdk5 regulation (2013) J Neurovirol, 19, pp. 418-431; Leibrand, C.R., Paris, J.J., Ghandour, M.S., Knapp, P.E., Kim, W.K., Hauser, K.F., McRae, M., HIV-1 tat disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity and increases phagocytic perivascular macroph PY - 2020 SN - 15571890 (ISSN) SP - 584-627 ST - Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity – Current and Future Perspectives T2 - Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology TI - Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity – Current and Future Perspectives UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090300353&doi=10.1007%2fs11481-020-09941-8&partnerID=40&md5=b33899227c33202ce4c4e2a25f06d52b VL - 15 ID - 275 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Carolina Health Workforce Research Center, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Department of Health Policy and Management, Fitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States Department of Family Medicine, Center for Health Workforce Studies, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States Health Workforce Research Center on Long-Term Care, Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States New York Center for Health Workforce Studies, Rensselaer, United States Health Workforce Technical Assistance Center, Rensselaer, United States SUNY School of Public Health, Rensselaer, United States Behavioral Health Workforce Research Center, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, United States Center for Interdisciplinary Health Workforce Studies, College of Nursing, Montana State University, Bozeman, United States AU - Fraher, E. P. AU - Pittman, P. AU - Frogner, B. K. AU - Spetz, J. AU - Moore, J. AU - Beck, A. J. AU - Armstrong, D. AU - Buerhaus, P. I. C2 - 32268021 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMp2006376 IS - 23 J2 - New Engl. J. Med. KW - coronavirus disease 2019 critically ill patient government health care delivery health educator health workforce human infection prevention life threat medicare mental health pandemic priority journal protocol compliance public-private partnership Review sustainable development United States work capacity workflow Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection health care personnel organization and management personnel management virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Delivery of Health Care Health Personnel Humans Pandemics Personnel Staffing and Scheduling Pneumonia, Viral Workforce LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :31 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NEJMA References: 1135 Waiver — At A Glance, , https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/SurveyCertEmergPrep/Downloads/1135-Waivers-At-A-Glance.pdf; Medicare Telemedicine Health Care Provider Fact Sheet, , https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/medicare-telemedicine-health-care-provider-fact-sheet; Marsh, J., In one day, 1,000 NYC doctors and nurses enlist to battle coronavirus New York Post, p. 2020. , https://nypost.com/2020/03/18/in-one-day-1000-nyc-doctors-and-nurses-enlist-to-battle-coronavirus/, March 18; Frogner, B.K., Fraher, E.P., Spetz, J., Modernizing scope-of-practice regulations — Time to prioritize patients (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 591-593 PY - 2020 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) SP - 2181-2183 ST - Ensuring and sustaining a pandemic workforce T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - Ensuring and sustaining a pandemic workforce UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083777835&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMp2006376&partnerID=40&md5=3c21833688d0056ca3da1a13b77905dc VL - 382 ID - 482 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We describe 2 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) infection in whom brain imaging showed hemorrhagic posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and we discuss the possible reasons for these findings and their relationship to the infection. © The Author(s), 2020. AD - Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, 300 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030-3816, United States Department of Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, United States Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Franceschi, A. M. AU - Ahmed, O. AU - Giliberto, L. AU - Castillo, M. C2 - 32439646 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3174/AJNR.A6595 IS - 7 J2 - Am. J. Neuroradiol. KW - C reactive protein creatinine D dimer ferritin lactate dehydrogenase lactic acid nitrogen urea adult aged airplane pilot Article artificial ventilation asthma blood pressure case report clinical article confusion coronary artery disease coronavirus disease 2019 corpus callosum coughing cytokine release syndrome diabetes mellitus dyspnea female fever gout human hypertension hyponatremia lactate blood level lethargy male medical history mental health middle aged nuclear magnetic resonance imaging obesity petechia polymerase chain reaction posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome quarantine shock thorax pain urea nitrogen blood level Betacoronavirus brain hemorrhage complication Coronavirus infection diagnostic imaging pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Intracranial Hemorrhages Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :51 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AAJND Correspondence Address: Franceschi, A.M.; Neuroradiology Section, 300 Community Dr, United States; email: afranceschi@northwell.edu Chemicals/CAS: C reactive protein, 9007-41-4; creatinine, 19230-81-0, 60-27-5; ferritin, 9007-73-2; lactate dehydrogenase, 9001-60-9; lactate dehydrogenase A; lactic acid, 113-21-3, 50-21-5; nitrogen, 7727-37-9; urea, 57-13-6 References: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019, Geneva: World Health Organization. 2020. Accessed April 15, 2020; Jin, Y, Cai, L, Cheng, Z, A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version) (2020) MilMed Res, 7, p. 4. , for the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Novel Coronavirus Management and Research Team, Evidence-Based Medicine Chapter of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM). ;: CrossRef Medline; Filatov, A, Sharma, P, Hindi, F, Neurological complications of coronavirus (COVID-19): encephalopathy (2020) Cureus, 12, p. e7352. , CrossRef Medline; Poyiadji, N, Shahin, G, Noujaim, D, COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: CT and MRI features (2020) Radiology, , Mar 31 [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline; Mao, L, Jin, H, Wang, M, Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China JAMA Neurol, , 2020 Apr 10 [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline; (2020) Diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. AccessedApril 15; Ding, Y, He, L, Zhang, Q, Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways (2004) J Pathol, 203, pp. 622-630. , CrossRef Medline; Arabi, YM, Balkhy, HH, Hayden, FG, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (2017) N Engl J Med, 376, pp. 584-594. , CrossRef Medline; Bartynski, WS, Boardman, JF., Distinct imaging patterns and lesion distribution in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (2007) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 28, pp. 1320-1327. , CrossRef Medline; Hefzy, HM, Bartynski, WS, Boardman, JF, Hemorrhage in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: imaging and clinical features (2009) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 30, pp. 1371-1379. , CrossRef Medline; Sharma, A, Whitesell, RT, Moran, KJ., Imaging pattern of intracranial hemorrhage in the setting of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (2010) Neuroradiology, 52, pp. 855-863. , CrossRef Medline; Yamagami, K, Maeda, Y, Iihara, K., Variant type of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome associated with deep brain hemorrhage: case report and review of the literature (2020) World Neurosurg, 134, pp. 176-181. , CrossRef Medline; Donmez, FY, Basaran, C, Kayahan Ulu, EM, MRI features of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in 33 patients (2010) J Neuroimaging, 20, pp. 22-28. , CrossRef Medline; Mehta, P, McAuley, DF, Brown, M, COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1033-1034. , CrossRef Medline; Wang, W, He, J, Lie, P, The definition and risks of cytokine release syndrome-like in 11 COVID-19-infected pneumonia critically ill patients: disease characteristics and retrospective analysis https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.26.20026989v1, MedRziv Accessed April 15, 2020; Xie, J, Tong, Z, Guan, X, Clinical characteristics of patients who died of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3, p. e205619. , CrossRef Medline; Eltzschig, HK, Carmeliet, P., Hypoxia and inflammation (2011) N Engl J Med, 364, pp. 656-665. , CrossRef Medline; Bartels, K, Grenz, A, Eltzschig, HK., Hypoxia and inflammation are two sides of the same coin (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 110, pp. 18351-18352. , CrossRef Medline; Baig, AM, Khaleeq, A, Ali, U, Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms (2020) ACS Chem Neurosci, 11, pp. 995-998. , CrossRef Medline; Netland, J, Meyerholz, DK, Moore, S, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 (2008) J Virol, 82, pp. 7264-7275. , CrossRef Medline; Li, YC, Bai, WZ, Hashikawa, T., The neuroinvasive potential of SARSCoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 (2020) J Med Virol, , Feb 27 [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline; Wrapp, D, Wang, N, Corbett, KS, Cryo-EM structure of the 2019- nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263. , CrossRef Medline; Wong, AM, Simon, EM, Zimmerman, RA, Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: correlation of MR findings and clinical outcome (2006) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 27, pp. 1919-1923. , Medline; Abdelrahman, HS, Safwat, AM, Alsagheir, MM., Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in an adult as a complication of H1N1 infection (2019) BJR Case Rep, 5, p. 20190028. , CrossRef Medline; Wu, X, Wu, W, Pan, W, Acute necrotizing encephalopathy: an underrecognized clinicoradiologic disorder (2015) Mediators Inflamm, 2015, p. 792578. , CrossRef Medline PY - 2020 SN - 01956108 (ISSN) SP - 1173-1176 ST - Hemorrhagic posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a manifestation of COVID-19 infection T2 - American Journal of Neuroradiology TI - Hemorrhagic posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome as a manifestation of COVID-19 infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087663353&doi=10.3174%2fAJNR.A6595&partnerID=40&md5=47ae525e4e94ed5ded54b6c6dfd283d6 VL - 41 ID - 455 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We present a series of 10 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus 2019 infections who developed severe neurovascular complications and discuss the possible reasons for these findings and their relationship to the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. © 2020 American Society of Neuroradiology. All rights reserved. AD - Neuroradiology Section, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States Neuroradiology Section, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Radiology, 300 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030-3816, United States AU - Franceschi, A. M. AU - Arora, R. AU - Wilson, R. AU - Giliberto, L. AU - Libman, R. B. AU - Castillo, M. C2 - 32527844 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3174/ajnr.A6655 IS - 9 J2 - Am. J. Neuroradiol. KW - anticoagulant agent argatroban C reactive protein cytokine receptor antagonist D dimer enoxaparin ferritin hydroxychloroquine hypertensive factor interleukin 6 antibody lactate dehydrogenase methylprednisolone sodium chloride tissue plasminogen activator troponin abnormal value acute brain disease acute kidney failure acute respiratory failure adult arm weakness Article artificial ventilation basal ganglion brain edema brain hemorrhage brain hernia brain infarction case report cerebellum hemorrhage cerebrovascular disease clinical article coronavirus disease 2019 coughing drug megadose dyspnea extracorporeal oxygenation female ferritin blood level fever frontal lobe gaze paralysis headache hemiparesis hemisphere hospital admission hospital patient hospitalization human hypoglycemia hypotension hypoxia influenza intensive care unit internal carotid artery internal carotid artery occlusion intubation lactate dehydrogenase blood level left common carotid artery leukocytosis limb weakness lung edema lung parenchyma male middle aged middle cerebral artery occlusion multiple organ failure neuroimaging neurological complication nuclear magnetic resonance imaging occipital lobe oxygen therapy paresthesia parietal lobe patient transport pneumonia polydipsia polymerase chain reaction protein blood level respiratory acidosis respiratory distress respiratory failure self care septic shock slurred speech temporal lobe thorax radiography x-ray computed tomography aged Betacoronavirus complication Coronavirus infection diagnostic imaging pandemic virus pneumonia Cerebrovascular Disorders Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Tomography, X-Ray Computed LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AAJND Correspondence Address: Franceschi, A.M.; Neuroradiology Section, United States; email: afranceschi@northwell.edu Chemicals/CAS: argatroban, 74863-84-6, 141396-28-3; C reactive protein, 9007-41-4; enoxaparin, 679809-58-6; ferritin, 9007-73-2; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; lactate dehydrogenase, 9001-60-9; lactate dehydrogenase A; methylprednisolone, 6923-42-8, 83-43-2; sodium chloride, 7647-14-5; tissue plasminogen activator, 105913-11-9 References: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019, Geneva: World Health Organization. Accessed April 30, 2020; Hamming, I, Timens, W, Bulthuis, MLC, Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus: a first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis (2004) J Pathol, 203, pp. 631-637. , CrossRef Medline; Li, WH, Moore, MJ, Vasilieva, NY, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003) Nature, 426, pp. 450-454. , CrossRef Medline; Mehta, P, McAuley, DF, Brown, M, COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1033-1034. , HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK. ;: CrossRef Medline; Wang, W, He, J, Lie, P, The definition and risks of cytokine release syndrome-like in 11 COVID-19-infected pneumonia critically ill patients: disease characteristics and retrospective analysis https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.26.20026989, medRxiv February 27, 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020; Ding, Y, He, L, Zhang, Q, Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways (2004) J Pathol, 203, pp. 622-630. , CrossRef Medline; Ding, Y, Wang, H, Shen, H, The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from (2003) J Pathol, 200, pp. 282-289. , CrossRef Medline; Klok, FA, Kruip, M, van der Meer, NJ, Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 (2020) Thromb Res, 191, pp. 145-147. , CrossRef Medline; Xie, J, Tong, Z, Guan, X, Clinical characteristics of patients who died of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3, p. e205619. , CrossRef Medline; Ruan, Q, Yang, K, Wang, W, Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China (2020) Intensive Care Med, 46, pp. 846-848. , CrossRef Medline; Jin, Y, Cai, L, Cheng, Z, A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version) (2020) Mil Med Res, 7, p. 4. , for the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Novel Coronavirus Management and Research Team, Evidence-Based Medicine Chapter of China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM). ;: CrossRef Medline; Wadman, M., How does coronavirus kill? Clinicians trace a ferocious rampage through the body, from brain to toes (2020) Science, , April 17 CrossRef; Poor, HD, Ventetuolo, CE, Tolbert, T, COVID-19 critical illness pathophysiology driven by diffuse pulmonary thrombi and pulmonary endothelial dysfunction responsive to thrombolysis https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ctm2.44, Clinical and Translational Medicine May 13, 2020. Accessed May 15, 2020; Fox, SE, Akmatbekov, A, Harbert, JL, Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in Covid-19: the first autopsy series from New Orleans https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340563942_Pulmonary_and_Cardiac_Pathology_in_Covid-19_The_First_Autopsy_Series_from_New_Orleans, Research Gate April 2020. Accessed April 30, 2020; Eltzschig, HK, Carmeliet, P., Hypoxia and inflammation (2011) N Engl J Med, 364, pp. 656-665. , CrossRef Medline; Bartels, K, Grenz, A, Eltzschig, HK., Hypoxia and inflammation are two sides of the same coin (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, pp. 18351-18352. , CrossRef Medline; Baig, AM, Khaleeq, A, Ali, U, Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms (2020) ACS Chem Neurosci, 11, pp. 995-998. , CrossRef Medline; Netland, J, Meyerholz, DK, Moore, S, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 (2008) J Virol, 82, pp. 7264-7275. , CrossRef Medline; Li, YC, Bai, WZ, Hashikawa, T., The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 (2020) J Med Virol, , Feb 27. [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline; Filatov, A, Sharma, P, Hindi, F, Neurological complications of coronavirus (COVID-19): encephalopathy (2020) Cureus, 12, p. e7352. , CrossRef Medline; Mao, L, Jin, H, Wang, M, Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China JAMA Neurol, , 2020 Apr 10. [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline; (2020) Diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Accessed April 15, 2020; Blokhin, IO, Lentz, SR., Mechanisms of thrombosis in obesity (2013) Curr Opin Hematol, 20, pp. 437-444. , CrossRef Medline; Petrilli, CM, Jones, SA, Yang, J, Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: prospective cohort study (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1966. , CrossRef Medline; Helms, J, Kremer, S, Merdji, H, Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) N Engl J Med, , Apr 15. [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline; Avula, A, Nalleballe, K, Narula, N, COVID-19 presenting as stroke (2020) Brain Behav Immun, , Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline; Beyrouti, R, Adams, ME, Benjamin, L, Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19 (2020) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, , Apr 30. [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline; Aggarwal, G, Lippi, G, Henry, M. B., Cerebrovascular disease is associated with an increased disease severity in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis of published literature (2020) Int J Stroke, , Apr 20. [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline; Oxley, TJ, Mocco, J, Majidi, S, Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid-19 in the young (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, p. e60. , CrossRef Medline; Radmanesh, A, Raz, E, Zan, E, Brain imaging utilization and findings in COVID-19: A single academic center experience in the epicenter of disease in the United States (2020) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, , May 28. [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline; Franceschi, AM, Ahmed, O, Giliberto, L, Hemorrhagic Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome as a Manifestation of COVID-19 Infection (2020) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, , May 21. [Epub ahead of print] CrossRef Medline PY - 2020 SN - 01956108 (ISSN) SP - 1632-1640 ST - Neurovascular complications in COVID-19 infection: Case series T2 - American Journal of Neuroradiology TI - Neurovascular complications in COVID-19 infection: Case series UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089737790&doi=10.3174%2fajnr.A6655&partnerID=40&md5=6784e9ad7345403a436a0ec8164767cd VL - 41 ID - 387 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Department of Dermatology, Public Health and Epidemiology; Immunity and Infections, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's & St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Section of Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada Sunnybrook Research Institute, Dermatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Division of Infection and Immunity, Department of Dermatology & Academic Wound Healing, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Hair Restoration Blackrock, Dublin, Ireland National and International Skin Registry Solutions (NISR), Charles Institute of Dermatology, Dublin, Ireland Sinclair Dermatology, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia French Society of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France American Academy of Dermatology, Rosemont, IL, United States Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Munich University of Ludwig Maximilian, Munich, Germany Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, National Institute for Health Research, Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and Guy's & St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom AU - Freeman, E. E. AU - McMahon, D. E. AU - Hruza, G. J. AU - Irvine, A. D. AU - Spuls, P. I. AU - Smith, C. H. AU - Mahil, S. K. AU - Castelo-Soccio, L. AU - Cordoro, K. M. AU - Lara-Corrales, I. AU - Naik, H. B. AU - Alhusayen, R. AU - Ingram, J. R. AU - Feldman, S. R. AU - Balogh, E. A. AU - Kappelman, M. D. AU - Wall, D. AU - Meah, N. AU - Sinclair, R. AU - Beylot-Barry, M. AU - Fitzgerald, M. AU - French, L. E. AU - Lim, H. W. AU - Griffiths, C. E. M. AU - Flohr, C. C2 - 32562840 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.050 IS - 3 J2 - J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. KW - consensus coronavirus disease 2019 data processing dermatologist dermatology health service human Letter medical society priority journal register Betacoronavirus complication Coronavirus infection epidemiological monitoring international cooperation isolation and purification organization and management pandemic practice guideline skin disease virology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Practice Guidelines as Topic Registries Skin Diseases LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAADD Correspondence Address: Freeman, E.E.; Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, United States; email: efreeman@mgh.harvard.edu Funding details: American Academy of Dermatology, AAD Funding details: National Psoriasis Foundation, NPF Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: Merck Funding details: Novartis Funding details: Samsung Funding details: Janssen Biotech Funding details: AbbVie Funding details: British Society for Pediatric Dermatology, BSPD Funding details: Psoriasis Association Funding details: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer Research, BRC Funding details: Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, BRC Funding details: British Paediatric Respiratory Society, BPRS, ISRCTN11210918 Funding details: National Institute for Health Research, NIHR Funding details: King's College London Funding details: Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust Funding details: Société Française de Dermatologie et de Pathologie Sexuellement Transmissible, SFD Funding details: Galderma Funding details: National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology Funding text 1: Conflicts of interest and disclosures: Drs Freeman and Hruza are part of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) COVID-19 Ad Hoc Task Force. Drs Smith and Mahil are supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College, London, United Kingdom, and the Psoriasis Association, United Kingdom. Drs Castelo-Soccio, Cordoro, and Lara-Corrales are part of the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance COVID-19 Response Task Force, a collaboration between the Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) and the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA). Dr Naik is a board member of the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation. Raed Alhusayen is a member of the Canadian Dermatology Association (CDA) COVID-19 Task-Force and president of the Canadian Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation. Dr Feldman has received research, speaking, and/or consulting support from a variety of companies, including Galderma, GSK/Stiefel, Almirall, Alvotech, LEO Pharma, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mylan, Celgene, Pfizer, Ortho Dermatology, AbbVie, Samsung, Janssen, Lilly, Menlo, Merck, Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi, Novan, Qurient, National Biological Corporation, Caremark, Advance Medical, Sun Pharma, Suncare Research, Informa, UpToDate, and the National Psoriasis Foundation. Dr Feldman also consults for others through Guidepoint Global, Gerson Lehrman, and other consulting organizations. Dr Feldman is founder and majority owner of www.DrScore.com and is founder and part owner of Causa Research, a company dedicated to enhancing patients' adherence to treatment. Dr Kappelman has consulted for AbbVie, Janssen, and Takeda, is a shareholder in Johnson & Johnson, and has received research support from AbbVie and Janssen. Dr Beylot-Barry is president of the French Society of Dermatology. Dr French is president and Dr Lim is a board member of the International League of Dermatological Societies (ILDS). Dr Griffiths is president of the European Society for Dermatological Research and is funded in part by the National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre. Dr Flohr is president of the British Society for Paediatric Dermatology and chief investigator of the UK-Irish Atopic eczema Systemic TherApy Register (A-STAR; ISRCTN11210918). Dr Flohr and the patient-facing part of the SECURE-AD registry are supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. Devon McMahon and Drs Irvine, Spuls, Ingram, Balogh, Wall, Meah, Sinclair, and Fitzgerald have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Funding text 2: Conflicts of interest and disclosures: Drs Freeman and Hruza are part of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) COVID-19 Ad Hoc Task Force. Drs Smith and Mahil are supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust and King's College , London, United Kingdom, and the Psoriasis Association , United Kingdom. Drs Castelo-Soccio, Cordoro, and Lara-Corrales are part of the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance COVID-19 Response Task Force, a collaboration between the Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) and the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance (PeDRA). Dr Naik is a board member of the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation. Raed Alhusayen is a member of the Canadian Dermatology Association (CDA) COVID-19 Task-Force and president of the Canadian Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation. Dr Feldman has received research, speaking, and/or consulting support from a variety of companies, including Galderma, GSK/Stiefel, Almirall, Alvotech, LEO Pharma, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mylan, Celgene, Pfizer, Ortho Dermatology, AbbVie, Samsung, Janssen, Lilly, Menlo, Merck, Novartis, Regeneron, Sanofi, Novan, Qurient, National Biological Corporation, Caremark, Advance Medical, Sun Pharma, Suncare Research, Informa, UpToDate, and the National Psoriasis Foundation. Dr Feldman also consults for others through Guidepoint Global, Gerson Lehrman, and other consulting organizations. Dr Feldman is founder and majority owner of www.DrScore.com and is founder and part owner of Causa Research, a company dedicated to enhancing patients' adherence to treatment. Dr Kappelman has consulted for AbbVie, Janssen, and Takeda, is a shareholder in Johnson & Johnson, and has received research support from AbbVie and Janssen . Dr Beylot-Barry is president of the French Society of Dermatology. Dr French is president and Dr Lim is a board member of the International League of Dermatological Societies (ILDS). Dr Griffiths is president of the European Society for Dermatological Research and is funded in part by the National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre . Dr Flohr is president of the British Society for Paediatric Dermatology and chief investigator of the UK-Irish Atopic eczema Systemic TherApy Register (A-STAR; ISRCTN11210918). Dr Flohr and the patient-facing part of the SECURE-AD registry are supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. Devon McMahon and Drs Irvine, Spuls, Ingram, Balogh, Wall, Meah, Sinclair, and Fitzgerald have no conflicts of interest to disclose. References: Freeman, E.E., McMahon, D.E., Fitzgerald, M.E., The AAD COVID-19 Registry: crowdsourcing dermatology in the age of COVID-19 (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 83 (2), pp. 509-510; Mahil, S.K., Yiu, Z.Z.N., Mason, K.J., Global reporting of cases of COVID-19 in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis: an opportunity to inform care during a pandemic (2020), [e-pub ahead of print]. Br J Dermatol (Accessed 26 May 2020); Balogh, E.A., Heron, C., Feldman, S.R., Huang, W.W., SECURE-Psoriasis: a de-identified registry of psoriasis patients diagnosed with COVID-19 (2020) J Dermatolog Treat, 31 (4), p. 327; Bauchner, H., Golub, R.M., Zylke, J., Editorial concern–possible reporting of the same patients with COVID-19 in different reports (2020) JAMA, 323 (13), p. 1256; Khunti, K., Singh, A.K., Pareek, M., Hanif, W., Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of COVID-19? (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1548 PY - 2020 SN - 01909622 (ISSN) SP - e261-e266 ST - International collaboration and rapid harmonization across dermatologic COVID-19 registries T2 - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology TI - International collaboration and rapid harmonization across dermatologic COVID-19 registries UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089007567&doi=10.1016%2fj.jaad.2020.06.050&partnerID=40&md5=3b5ffad319d19bb6aa5dcd1d0f00341a VL - 83 ID - 393 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We are currently in the midst of a global pandemic with the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). While we do not know how this situation will unfold or resolve, we do have insight into how it fits within existing patterns and relations, particularly those pertaining to sociocultural constructions of (in)security, vulnerability, and risk. We can see evidence of surveillance dynamics at play with how bodies and pathogens are being measured, tracked, predicted, and regulated. We can grasp how threat is being racialized, how and why institutions are flailing, and how social media might be fueling social divisions. There is, in other words, a lot that our scholarly community could add to the conversation. In this rapid-response editorial, we provide an introduction to the framing devices of disease surveillance and discuss how a surveillance studies orientation could help us think critically about the present crisis and its possible aftermath. © The author(s), 2020. AD - Concordia University, Canada University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - French, M. AU - Monahan, T. DB - Scopus DO - 10.24908/ss.v18i1.13985 IS - 1 J2 - Surveill. Soc. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :30 Export Date: 4 May 2021 References: Aas, K.F., “Crimmigrant” Bodies and Bona Fide Travelers: Surveillance, Citizenship and Global Governance (2011) Theoretical Criminology, 15 (3), pp. 331-346; Nurhan, A., Surveillance and Spatial Flows in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (2010) Surveillance and Control in Israel/Palestine, pp. 313-334. , E. Zureik, D. Lyon, and Y. Abu-Laban, London: Routledge; Albrechtslund, A., Online Social Networking as Participatory Surveillance (2008) First Monday, 13 (3). , http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2142/1949, Available from , accessed December 26, 2010; Mark, A., The Work of Watching One Another: Lateral Surveillance, Risk, and Governance (2005) Surveillance & Society, 2 (4), pp. 479-497; (2013) Infoglut: How Too Much Information is Changing the Way We Think and Know, , New York: Routledge; Armstrong, D., The Rise of Surveillance Medicine (1995) Sociology of Health & Illness, 17 (3), pp. 393-404; Press, A., (2020) Trump Says He is “Thinking About” Possibly Closing US Border with Mexico to Guard against COVID-19 Spread, , https://waow.com/2020/02/29/trump-says-he-is-thinking-about-possibly-closing-us-border-with-mexico-to-guard-against-covid-19-spread/, WAOW.com, February 29. Available from , [accessed March 11, 2020]; Ball, K.S., Exposure: Exploring the Subject of Surveillance (2009) Information, Communication & Society, 12 (5), pp. 639-657; Bartz, D., Google Says It is Developing a Nationwide Coronavirus Website (2020) Reuters, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-google/google-says-it-is-developing-a-nationwide-coronavirus-website-idUSKBN212024, March 14., Available from , accessed March 15, 2020; Ruha, B., (2019) Race after Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code, , Medford, MA: Polity Press; Bensadoun, E., (2020) Coronavirus: Can You Be Held Criminally Liable for Spreading It? Here’s What the Law Says., , https://globalnews.ca/news/6654692/criminal-liability-coronavirus-canada/, Global News, March 10. Available from , [accessed March 15, 2020]; Didier, B., Security, Exception, Ban and Surveillance (2006) Theorizing Surveillance: the Panopticon and Beyond, pp. 46-68. , edited by D. Lyon, Cullompton, UK: Willan; Borger, J., (2020) S Underprepared for Coronavirus due to Trump Cuts, Say Health Experts., , https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jan/31/us-coronavirus-budget-cuts-trump-underprepared, The Guardian, January 31. Available from , [accessed March 11, 2020; Simone, B., (2015) Dark Matters: On the Surveillance of Blackness, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Germany Tries to Stop U.S. from Luring Away Firm Seeking Coronavirus Vaccine (2020) Reuters, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-germany-usa/germany-tries-to-stop-u-s-from-luring-away-firm-seeking-coronavirus-vaccine-idUSKBN2120IV, March 15, [accessed March 15, 2020]; Dubrofsky, R.E., Magnet, S.A., (2015) Feminist Surveillance Studies, , eds., Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Egan, L., Gregorian, D., (2020) Coronavirus: Trump Restricts Travel from Most of Europe by Foreigners, , https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-make-prime-time-address-coronavirus-wednesday-night-n1155941, NBCNEWS.com, March 11. Available from, accessed March 15, 2020; (2020) John Oliver Magnificently Shreds Trump and Fox Economist Playing Coronavirus Expert on TV, , http://www.newshounds.us/john_oliver_shreds_trump_fox_economist_playing_coronavirus_expert_030220, NewsHounds, March 2, [accessed March 11, 2020]; Bryan, E., Fanelli, C., (2018) The Public Sector in an Age of Austerity: Perspectives from Canada’s Provinces and Territories, , Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press; Fisher, J.A., Monahan, T., The “Biosecuritization” of Healthcare Delivery: Examples of Post-9/11 Technological Imperatives (2011) Social Science and Medicine, 72 (4), pp. 545-552; Fortun, K., Advocacy after Bhopal: Environmentalism, Disaster (2001) New Global Orders, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Foster, G.A., Hoarders, Doomsday Preppers (2014) And the Culture of Apocalypse, , New York: Springer; French, M., In the Shadow of Canada’s Camps (2007) Social & Legal Studies, 16 (1), pp. 49-69; Woven of War-Time Fabrics: The Globalization of Public Health Surveillance (2009) Surveillance & Society, 6 (2), pp. 101-115; Gaps in the Gaze: Informatic Practice and the Work of Public Health Surveillance (2014) Surveillance & Society, 12 (2), pp. 226-243; French, M., Mykhalovskiy, E., Public Health Intelligence and the Detection of Potential Pandemics (2013) Sociology of Health & Illness, 35 (2), pp. 174-187; French, M., Smith, G.J.D., Health Surveillance and Everyday Life—Special Section (2013) Critical Public Health, 23 (4), pp. 383-431; Martin, F., Mykhalovskiy, E., Lamothe, C., Epidemics, Pandemics and Outbreaks (2018) The Cambridge Handbook of Social Problems, pp. 59-77. , A. Javier Treviño, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Gagnon, M., Guta, A., Mapping HIV Community Viral Load: Space, Power and the Government of Bodies (2012) Critical Public Health, 22 (4), pp. 471-483; Donald Trump Holds “Keep America Great” Rally in Charleston, , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NbwCjL7HC1c, S.C. YouTube, February 28. Available from , [accessed March 11, 2020]; James, G., Woodyatt, A., (2020) China Goes into Emergency Mode as Number of Confirmed Wuhan Coronavirus Cases Reaches 2,700, , https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/26/asia/wuhan-coronavirus-update-intl-hnk/index.html, CNN, accessed March 16, 2020; Guta, A., Murray, S., Gagnon, M., HIV, Viral Suppression and New Technologies of Surveillance and Control (2016) Body & Society, 22 (2), pp. 82-107; Guy, J., (2020) East Asian Student Assaulted in “Racist” Coronavirus Attack in London, , https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/03/uk/coronavirus-assault-student-london-scli-intl-gbr/index.html, CNN.com, March 3. Available from , [accessed March 11, 2020]; Rachel, H., (2015) The Transparent Traveler: The Performance and Culture of Airport Security, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Hayden, C., Generic Medicines and the Question of the Similar (2015) The Pharmaceutical Studies Reader, pp. 261-267. , edited by S. Sismondo and J. A. Greene, Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell; Hirsch, L., Breuninger, K., (2020) Trump Signs $8.3 Billion Emergency Coronavirus Spending Package., , https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/06/trump-signs-8point3-billion-emergency-coronavirus-spending-package.html, CNBC.com, March 6. Available from , [accessed March 11, 2020]; Hoffower, H., A US Resident Racked up a $3,200 Hospital Bill for Suspected Coronavirus Treatment, and His Insurance Only Covered Part of It (2020) Here’s How the Costs Broke Down., , https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-treatment-medical-bill-hospital-costs-2020-3, Business Insider, March 3; Trevor, H., (2018) Punishing Disease: HIV and the Criminalization of Sickness, , Oakland: University of California Press; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Cao, B., Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10223), pp. 497-506; Koskela, H., “The Gaze without Eyes”: Video-Surveillance and the Changing Nature of Urban Space (2000) Progress in Human Geography, 24 (2), pp. 243-265; Cam Era”—The Contemporary Urban Panopticon (2003) Surveillance & Society, 1 (3), pp. 292-313; Naomi, K., (2007) The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism, , New York: Metropolitan Books; Kuo, L., (2020) How Did China Get to Grips with Its Coronavirus Outbreak? The Guardian, , https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/09/how-did-china-get-grips-with-coronavirus-outbreak, March 9. Available from , accessed March 11, 2020; Kupferschmidt, K., Cohen, J., China’s Aggressive Measures Have Slowed the Coronavirus (2020) They May Not Work in Other Countries. Science, , https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/china-s-aggressive-measures-have-slowed-coronavirus-they-may-not-work-other-countries, March 2; Andrew, L., Global Health Security and the Pathogenic Imaginary (2015) Dreamscapes of Modernity: Sociotechnical Imaginaries and the Fabrication of Power, pp. 300-320. , edited by S. Jasanoff and S.-H. Kim, Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Langmuir, A., The Surveillance of Communicable Diseases of National Importance (1963) The New England Journal of Medicine, 268 (4), pp. 182-192; Marina, L., (2015) Pandemics and the Media, , New York: Peter Lang; Liptak, K., Vazquez, M., Trump Says He’s Suspending Travel from Europe to US (2020) Though Citizens and Others are Exempt. Cnn.Com, , https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/11/politics/donald-trump-coronavirus-statement/index.html, March 12. Available from , accessed March 15, 2020; Lupton, D., Smith, G.J.D., A Much Better Person”: The Agential Capacities of Self-Tracking Practices (2018) Metric Culture: Ontologies of Self-Tracking Practices, pp. 57-75. , edited by B. Ajana, London: Emerald; Lyon, D., (2001) Surveillance Society: Monitoring Everyday Life, , Buckingham, England: Open University; (2003) Surveillance After, , September, Cambridge, MA: Polity; Magnet, S.A., When Biometrics Fail: Gender, Race (2011) And the Technology of Identity, , Durham, NC: Duke University Press; Marwick, A., The Public Domain: Surveillance in Everyday Life (2012) Surveillance & Society, 9 (4), pp. 378-393; Alice, M., Lewis, R., (2017) Media Manipulation and Disinformation Online, , New York: Data & Society Research Institute; Matsakis, L., (2019) How the West Got China’s Social Credit System Wrong, , https://www.wired.com/story/china-social-credit-score-system, Wired, July 29; McClelland, A., Guta, A., Gagnon, M., The Rise of Molecular Surveillance: Implications on Consent and Criminalization (2019) Critical Public Health, , https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09581596.2019.1582755; Mitchell, A., Diamond, L., (2018) China’s Surveillance State Should Scare Everyone., , https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/02/china-surveillance/552203/[accessedMarch11,2020], The Atlantic, February 2; Torin, M., (2010) Surveillance in the Time of Insecurity, , New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press; Regulating Belonging: Surveillance, Inequality, and the Cultural Production of Abjection (2017) Journal of Cultural Economy, 10 (2), pp. 191-206; (2018) Surveillance Studies: A Reader, , Monahan, Torin, and David Murakami Wood, eds. , New York: Oxford University Press; Mykhalovskiy, E., The Problem of “Significant Risk”: Exploring the Public Health Impact of Criminalizing HIV Non-Disclosure (2011) Social Science & Medicine, 73 (5), pp. 668-675; The Public Health Implications of HIV Criminalization: Past, Current, and Future Research Directions (2015) Critical Public Health, 25 (4), pp. 373-385; Olson, I., Food Banks (2020) Shelters Race to Protect Montrealers Living in Poverty from COVID-19. CBC News, , https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/covid-19-homeless-food-banks-montreal-1.5497771, March 14, Available from, accessed March 15, 2020; Opitz, S., Simulating the World: The Digital Enactment of Pandemics as a Mode of Global Self-Observation (2017) European Journal of Social Theory, 20 (3), pp. 392-416; Dictionary, O.E., (1998) The New Oxford Dictionary of English, , J. Pearsall and P. Hanks. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Pariser, E., How the Net Traps Us All in Our Own Little Bubbles (2011) The Guardian, (June 12). , http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/jun/12/google-personalisation-internet-data-filtering?cat=technology&type=article, Available from, accessed June 15, 2011; Emilio, P., Sangmi Cha, S.J., Park, J.-M., (2020) Special Report: Italy and South Korea Virus Outbreaks Reveal Disparity in Deaths and Tactics, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-response-specialre/special-report-italy-and-south-korea-virus-outbreaks-reveal-disparity-in-deaths-and-tactics-idUSKBN20Z27P, Reuters, accessed March 15, 2020; Ramzy, A., Buckley, C., (2019) Leaked China Files Show Internment Camps are Ruled by Secrecy and Spying, , https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/24/world/asia/leak-chinas-internment-camps.html, New York Times, November 24; Ritchie, M., Fusing Race: The Phobogenics of Racializing Surveillance (2020) Surveillance & Society, 18 (1), pp. 12-29; Ruckert, A., Labonté, R., The Global Financial Crisis and Health Equity: Early Experiences from Canada (2014) Globalization and Health, 10 (1). , http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/10/1/2; Saulnier, A., Surveillance as Communicating Relational Messages: Advancing Understandings of the Surveilled Subject (2017) Surveillance & Society, 15 (2), pp. 286-302; Max, S., Russia Bans Flights to Korea, Warns Against Travel to Italy (2020) Financial Times, , https://www.ft.com/content/ac625338-6f2c-359e-933c-b0457b572fa1, accessed March 15, 2020; Seibt, S., (2020) South Korea Seeks Criminal Charges against Christian Sect over Coronavirus Spread., , https://www.france24.com/en/20200303-south-korea-seeks-criminal-charges-against-christian-sect-over-coronavirus-spread, France24, March 3., Available from , accessed March 16, 2020; Kumarini, S., (2016) Brown Threat: Identification in the Security State, , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press; Simmons-Duffin, S., Where That $8.3 Billion in U.S. Coronavirus Funding Will and Won’t Go (2020) NPR, , https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/03/06/812964894/where-that-8-3-billion-in-u-s-coronavirus-funding-will-and-wont-go, March 6; Smith, G.J.D., (2015) Opening The Black Box: The Work of Watching, , London: Routledge; Spieldenner, A., Who Counts? (2020) Some Thoughts on HIV Surveillance. POZ, , https://www.poz.com/blog/counts, accessed March 15, 2020; Thomas, L., Pandemics of the Future: Disease Surveillance in Real Time (2014) Surveillance & Society, 12 (2), pp. 287-200; Topak, Ö., The Making of a Totalitarian Surveillance Machine: Surveillance in Turkey Under AKP Rule (2017) Surveillance & Society, 15 (3-4), pp. 535-542; (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Summary, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html, Atlanta: US CDC, accessed March 14, 2020; (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) – How to Protect Yourself., , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/prevention.html, Atlanta, US CDC; Eric King, W., Postracial Fantasies, Blackness, and Zombies (2017) Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 14 (4), pp. 317-333; Tan, W., Zhao, X., Ma, X., Wang, W., Niu, P., Wenbo, X., Gao, G., Buizhen, W., A Novel Coronavirus Genome Identified in a Cluster of Pneumonia Cases—Wuhan, China 2019−2020 (2020) China CDC Weekly, 2 (4), pp. 61-62; Dean, W., Weber, L., Surveillance, Risk and Preemption on the Australian Border (2008) Surveillance & Society, 5 (2), pp. 124-141; (2005) International Health Regulations, , https://www.who.int/ihr/publications/9789241580496/en/, 3rd Edition. Geneva: WHO, accessed March 14, 2020; (2020) WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID, , https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020, 19—11 March 2020, WHO Director General, Speeches. Geneva: WHO; (2020) WHO Director-General’s Statement on IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus (2019-Ncov), WHO Director General, Speeches., , https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-statement-on-ihr-emergency-committee-on-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov), Geneva: WHO, accessed March 14, 2020]; (2020) Global Surveillance for Human Infection with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), , https://www.who.int/publications-detail/global-surveillance-for-human-infection-with-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov, Geneva: WHO, accessed March 14, 2020; Yan, H., Chen, N., Naresh, D., What’s Spreading Faster than Coronavirus in the US? (2020) Racist Assaults and Ignorant Attacks against Asians. Cnn.Com, , https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/20/us/coronavirus-racist-attacks-against-asian-americans/index.html, February 21. Available from , accessed March 11, 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 14777487 (ISSN) SP - 1-11 ST - Disease surveillance: how might surveillance studies address covid-19? T2 - Surveillance and Society TI - Disease surveillance: how might surveillance studies address covid-19? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082177573&doi=10.24908%2fss.v18i1.13985&partnerID=40&md5=fe66b6374d2d42ad88d03a9214aa1890 VL - 18 ID - 574 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy Program, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Hematology/Oncology/Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Adult Blood and Marrow Transplant Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States AU - Frigault, M. J. AU - Nikiforow, S. AU - Mansour, M. K. AU - Hu, Z. H. AU - Horowitz, M. M. AU - Riches, M. L. AU - Hematti, P. AU - Turtle, C. J. AU - Zhang, M. J. AU - Perales, M. A. AU - Pasquini, M. C. C2 - 32457999 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1182/BLOOD.2020006216 IS - 1 J2 - Blood KW - corticosteroid cyclophosphamide fludarabine immunosuppressive agent tocilizumab monoclonal antibody aged bacterial infection bk virus infection cancer chemotherapy chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy confounding variable controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus infection corticosteroid therapy cytokine release syndrome cytomegalovirus infection cytopenia drug fatality Enterovirus infection Epstein Barr virus infection erythema infectiosum female hematologic malignancy hemophagocytic syndrome hepatitis A hepatitis B herpes simplex human Human metapneumovirus infection immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome immunocompromised patient immunopathology immunosuppressive treatment incidence infection risk infectious complication influenza A influenza B Letter macrophage activation syndrome major clinical study male mycosis neurotoxicity overall survival Parainfluenza virus infection phase 3 clinical trial (topic) priority journal respiratory syncytial virus infection T cell depletion viral respiratory tract infection virus infection adoptive immunotherapy adverse event Betacoronavirus complication drug effect hematologic disease middle aged pandemic risk factor very elderly virus pneumonia Aged, 80 and over Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized Coronavirus Infections Hematologic Neoplasms Humans Immunotherapy, Adoptive Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: BLOOA Correspondence Address: Pasquini, M.C.; Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, 9200 West Wisconsin Ave, United States; email: mpasquini@mcw.edu Chemicals/CAS: cyclophosphamide, 50-18-0; fludarabine, 21679-14-1; tocilizumab, 375823-41-9; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; tocilizumab Funding details: K12CA087723 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI, U24CA233032 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding details: Novartis Funding details: Gilead Sciences Funding details: U.S. Public Health Service, USPHS, U24CA076518 Funding details: Miltenyi Biotec Funding text 1: The authors acknowledge all centers that report CAR T-cell data to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research cellular therapy registry receives research support from the National Cancer Institute (Cellular Immunotherapy Data Resource, U24CA233032), Novartis, and Kite Pharma. The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research is also supported by Public Health Service U24CA076518 from the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. M.J.F. is supported by Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Consortium National Institutes of Health project K12CA087723. Funding text 2: M.J.F. is supported by Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Consortium National Institutes of Health project K12CA087723. Funding text 3: Conflict-of-interest disclosure: M.J.F. has acted as a consultant for Novartis, Gilead, Celgene, and Arcellx. S.N. has acted as a consultant for Novartis and Kite Pharma. M.K.M. has acted as a consultant for Celularity, GenMark Diagnostics, SmartPharm Therapeutics, Pulsethera, Vericel Corporation, and Globe Life Sciences and has received research support from Thermo Fisher Scientific and Genentech. C.J.T. has received research funding from Juno Therapeutics, Nektar Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, and TCR2 Therapeutics; serves on scientific advisory boards for Precision Biosciences, Eureka Therapeutics, Caribou Biosciences, T-CURX, Myeloid Therapeutics, ArsenalBio, and Century Therapeutics; serves on ad hoc advisory boards (last 12 months) for Nektar Therapeutics, Allogene, PACT Pharma, and Astra Zeneca; has stock options for Precision Biosciences, Eureka Therapeutics, Caribou Biosciences, Myeloid Therapeutics, ArsenalBio; and has a patent licensed to Juno Therapeutics; M.-A.P. reports honoraria from Abbvie, Bellicum, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Incyte, Merck, Novartis, Nektar Therapeutics, Omeros, and Takeda; serves on DSMBs for Servier and Medigene, and the scientific advisory boards of MolMed and NexImmune; and has received research support for clinical trials from Incyte, Kite/ Gilead, and Miltenyi Biotec. M.C.P. has acted as a consultant for Bristol-Myers Squibb and Amgen and has received research support from Novartis, Kite Pharma, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests. Funding text 4: The authors acknowledge all centers that report CAR T-cell data to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research cellular therapy registry receives research support from the National Cancer Institute (Cellular Immunotherapy Data Resource, U24CA233032), Novartis, and Kite Pharma. The Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research is also supported by Public Health Service U24CA076518 from the National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. References: Bhatraju, PK, Ghassemieh, BJ, Nichols, M, Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region - case series (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (21), pp. 2012-2022; Zhou, F, Yu, T, Du, R, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10229), pp. 1054-1062; Frigault, MJ, Maus, MV., State of the art in CAR T cell therapy for CD191 B cell malignancies (2020) J Clin Invest, 130 (4), pp. 1586-1594; Chen, G, Wu, D, Guo, W, Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J Clin Invest, 130 (5), pp. 2620-2629; Zhu, J, Ji, P, Pang, J, Clinical characteristics of 3, 062 COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis [published online ahead of print 15 April 2020] J Med Virol; Maude, SL, Laetsch, TW, Buechner, J, Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (2018) N Engl J Med, 378 (5), pp. 439-448; Locke, FL, Ghobadi, A, Jacobson, CA, Long-term safety and activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in refractory large B-cell lymphoma (ZUMA-1): a single-arm, multicentre, phase 1-2 trial (2019) Lancet Oncol, 20 (1), pp. 31-42; Schuster, SJ, Bishop, MR, Tam, CS, Tisagenlecleucel in adult relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2019) N Engl J Med, 380 (1), pp. 45-56; Ramos-Casals, M, Brito-Zeron, P, L opez-Guillermo, A, Khamashta, MA, Bosch, X., Adult haemophagocytic syndrome (2014) Lancet, 383 (9927), pp. 1503-1516; Seguin, A, Galicier, L, Boutboul, D, Lemiale, V, Azoulay, E., Pulmonary involvement in patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (2016) Chest, 149 (5), pp. 1294-1301; Mehta, P, McAuley, DF, Brown, M, Sanchez, E, Tattersall, RS, Manson, JJ, COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression (2020) Lancet, 395 (10229), pp. 1033-1034. , HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK; Teachey, DT, Lacey, SF, Shaw, PA, Identification of Predictive Biomarkers for Cytokine Release Syndrome after Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2016) Cancer Discov, 6 (6), pp. 664-679; Faguer, S, Vergez, F, Peres, M, Tocilizumab added to conventional therapy reverses both the cytokine profile and CD81Granzyme1 T-cells/ NK cells expansion in refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (2016) Hematol Oncol, 34 (1), pp. 55-57; Yokota, S, Itoh, Y, Morio, T, Sumitomo, N, Daimaru, K, Minota, S., Macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis under treatment with tocilizumab (2015) J Rheumatol, 42 (4), pp. 712-722; Chen, N, Zhou, M, Dong, X, Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10223), pp. 507-513; Moore, JB, June, CH., Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19 (2020) Science, 368 (6490), pp. 473-474; Fu, B, Xu, X, Wei, H., Why tocilizumab could be an effective treatment for severe COVID-19? (2020) J Transl Med, 18 (1), p. 164; Luo, P, Liu, Y, Qiu, L, Liu, X, Liu, D, Li, J., Tocilizumab treatment in COVID-19: a single center experience J Med Virol, , [published online ahead of print 6 April 2020]; Schiff, MH, Kremer, JM, Jahreis, A, Vernon, E, Isaacs, JD, van Vollenhoven, RF., Integrated safety in tocilizumab clinical trials (2011) Arthritis Res Ther, 13 (5), p. R141; Cellular Immunotherapy Data Resource (CIDR) shares knowledge, , https://www.cibmtr.org/About/WhatWeDo/CIDR/Pages/default.aspx, Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Accessed 28 March 2020; Michot, JM, Albiges, L, Chaput, N, Tocilizumab, an anti-IL6 receptor antibody, to treat Covid-19-related respiratory failure: a case report [published online ahead of print 2 April 2020] Ann Oncol PY - 2020 SN - 00064971 (ISSN) SP - 137-139 ST - Tocilizumab not associated with increased infection risk after CAR T-cell therapy: Implications for COVID-19? T2 - Blood TI - Tocilizumab not associated with increased infection risk after CAR T-cell therapy: Implications for COVID-19? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087529450&doi=10.1182%2fBLOOD.2020006216&partnerID=40&md5=f82cae4f7bb2d68d839c254f159a6d1a VL - 136 ID - 451 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The coronavirus identified in 2019 (COVID-19) has caused dramatic disruptions in pharmacy experiential education. Administrators and programs have worked to help external preceptors, faculty members, and students cope with the new realities of virtual or remote experiences and new or increased use of telemedicine. Clear and effective lines of communication as well as well-reasoned and resourced alternative plans are necessary to help manage the current issues and prepare for future challenges. Doctor of Pharmacy programs should enhance their focus not just on the physical health and well-being of students, faculty members, and external preceptors, but also on their mental and emotional health. The full scope of the impact of the pandemic on experiential education in pharmacy is still unclear, but this situation should serve as a stimulus for innovation and rethinking the paradigm of how pharmacy programs educate and prepare students for pharmacy practice. © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. AD - University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Little Rock, AR, United States Presbyterian College, School of Pharmacy, Clinton, SC, United States Sullivan University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Louisville, KY, United States American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, VA, United States AU - Fuller, K. A. AU - Heldenbrand, S. D. AU - Smith, M. D. AU - Malcom, D. R. C2 - 32665722 C7 - 8149 DB - Scopus DO - 10.5688/ajpe8149 IS - 6 J2 - Am. J. Pharm. Educ. KW - Change COVID-19 Education Experiential education Betacoronavirus coping behavior Coronavirus infection human interpersonal communication organization and management pandemic pharmacy school pharmacy student problem based learning psychology videoconferencing virus pneumonia Adaptation, Psychological Communication Coronavirus Infections Education, Distance Education, Pharmacy Faculty, Pharmacy Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Problem-Based Learning Schools, Pharmacy Students, Pharmacy LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Malcom, D.R.; Sullivan University, United States; email: dmalcom@sullivan.edu Correspondence Address: Malcom, D.R.; American Journal of Pharmaceutical EducationUnited States; email: dmalcom@sullivan.edu References: Brazeau, G, Romanelli, F., Navigating the unchartered waters in the time of COVID-19 (2020) Am J Pharm Educ, 84 (3), p. 8063. , Article; Kuhn, TS., (1962) The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, , 1st edition. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press; Susser, M, Susser, E., Choosing a future for epidemiology: I. Eras and paradigms (1996) Am J Public Health, 86 (5), pp. 668-673; Sur, RL, Dahm, P., History of evidence-based medicine (2011) Indian J Urol, 27 (4), pp. 487-489; Miller, ML, Boyer, C, Emerson, MR, Report of the 2017-2018 Student Affairs Standing Committee (2018) Am J Pharm Educ, 82 (7), p. 7159. , Article; Araújo, FJO, de Lima, LSA, Cidade, PIM, Nobre, CB, Neto, MLR., Impact of Sars-Cov-2 and its reverberation in global higher education and mental health (2020) Psychiatry Res, 288, p. 112977. , [Epub ahead of print]; Wang, C, Pan, R, Wan, X, Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China (2020) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (5), p. 1729; Stein, MB., Editorial: COVID-19 and anxiety and depression in 2020 (2020) Depress Anxiety, 37 (4), p. 302; Lai, J, Ma, S, Wang, Y, Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3 (3), p. e203976; Minello, A., The pandemic and the female academic Nature, , https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01135-9, April 17, 2020. Accessed May 13, 2020; Chaker, AM., The irony of isolation: reconnecting with friends during the coronavirus lockdown The Wall Street Journal, , https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-irony-of-isolation-reconnecting-with-friends-during-the-coronavirus-lockdown-11586870837, April 14, 2020. Accessed May 13, 2020; Dyer, O., Covid-19: state governors assert control over US response as Trump struggles for a role (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1564. , Apr 17; Berinato, S., That discomfort you’re feeling is grief Harvard Business Review, , https://hbr.org/2020/03/that-discomfort-youre-feeling-is-grief, April 23, 2020. Accessed May 13, 2020; Woolliscroft, JO., Innovation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis (2020) Acad Med, , Apr 8. [Epub ahead of print]; (2015) Accreditation Standards and Key Elements for the Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree, , https://www.acpe-accredit.org/pdf/Standards2016FINAL.pdf, Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. ("Standards 2016"). Published February Accessed May 13, 2020; Whelan, A, Prescott, J, Young, G, Catanese, VM., Guidance on Medical Students’ Clinical Participation: Effective Immediately, , https://lcme.org/wp-content/uploads/filebase/March-17-2020-Guidance-on-Mediical-Students-Clinical-Participation.pdf, Association of American Medical Colleges. Published March 17, 2020. Accessed May 13, 2020; Whelan, A, Prescott, J, Young, G, Catanese, VM, McKinney, R., Guidance on Medical Students’ Participation in Direct Patient Contact Activities https://www.aamc.org/system/files/2020-04/meded-April-14-Guidance-on-Medical-Students-Participation-in-Direct-Patient-Contact-Activities.pdf, Association of American Medical Colleges. Published April 14, 2020. Accessed May 13, 2020; Menon, A, Klein, E, Kollars, K, Medical students are not essential workers: examining institutional responsibility during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Acad Med, , Apr 28. [Epub ahead of print]; Hayden, JK, Smiley, RA, Alexander, M, Kardong-Edgren, S, Jeffries, PR., The NCSBN national simulation study: a longitudinal, randomized, controlled study replacing clinical hours with simulation in prelicensure nursing education (2014) J Nurs Reg, 5 (2), pp. S3-S40. , (Suppl) PY - 2020 SN - 00029459 (ISSN) SP - 692-696 ST - A paradigm shift in US experiential pharmacy education accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education TI - A paradigm shift in US experiential pharmacy education accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088030919&doi=10.5688%2fajpe8149&partnerID=40&md5=63efaecaafbf364ae7c2063f72912e56 VL - 84 ID - 566 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Gallaher, J. AU - Charles, A. C2 - 32330655 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.030 J2 - Int. J. Surg. KW - Corona virus COVID-19 chloroquine remdesivir virus antibody adult respiratory distress syndrome antiviral therapy cardiotoxicity convalescence coronavirus disease 2019 evidence based practice experimental therapy herd immunity human Letter pandemic patient care plasma transfusion practice guideline priority journal vaccination virus transmission Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Charles, A.; UNC School of Medicine, 4008 Burnett Womack Building, CB, 7228, United States; email: anthony_charles@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3 References: Nicola, M., O'Neill, N., Sohrabi, C., Khan, M., Agha, R., Evidence based management guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic - review article (2020) Int. J. Surg.; Greenhalgh, T., Schmid, M.B., Czypionka, T., Bassler, D., Gruer, L., Face masks for the public during the covid-19 crisis (2020) BMJ, p. 369; Jaffe, S., Regulators split on antimalarials for COVID-19 (2020) Lancet, 395 (10231), p. 1179; Casadevall, A., Pirofski, L., The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19 (2020) J. Clin. Invest., 130 (4); Sutton, D., Fuchs, K., D'Alton, M., Goffman, D., Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in women admitted for delivery (2020) NEJM PY - 2020 SN - 17439191 (ISSN) SP - 42 ST - Developing guidelines for COVID-19 management: A moving target. An invited commentary on “Evidence based management guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic - Review article” T2 - International Journal of Surgery TI - Developing guidelines for COVID-19 management: A moving target. An invited commentary on “Evidence based management guideline for the COVID-19 pandemic - Review article” UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083469481&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijsu.2020.04.030&partnerID=40&md5=2d6013516bf559bbaa4a9f2066f1ee5b VL - 78 ID - 495 ER - TY - JOUR AD - The African Research Network, Kumasi, Ghana Université de Paris, Integrative Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center-INSERM U970, Paris, France Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Yaoundé, Ministry of Public Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon Institute of Cardiology of Abidjan, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire CIBER of Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Conakry, Conakry, Guinea Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Fann, Dakar, Senegal Leverhulme Centre for Demographic Science, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Cardiology Department, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France AU - Gaye, B. AU - Khoury, S. AU - Cene, C. W. AU - Kingue, S. AU - N’Guetta, R. AU - Lassale, C. AU - Baldé, D. AU - Diop, I. B. AU - Dowd, J. B. AU - Mills, M. C. AU - Jouven, X. C2 - 32528153 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41591-020-0960-y IS - 7 J2 - Nat. Med. KW - Africa comorbidity coronavirus disease 2019 human infection control Note pandemic priority journal Betacoronavirus climate community care Coronavirus infection demography mortality organization and management socioeconomics virus pneumonia Community Networks Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Socioeconomic Factors LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NAMEF Correspondence Address: Gaye, B.; The African Research NetworkGhana; email: bamba.gaye@inserm.fr References: Nkengasong, J.N., Mankoula, W., (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 841-842. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXktFCit7w%3D; Fanidi, A., Jouven, X., Gaye, B., (2020) Eur. Heart J., , https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa278; (2020) Time, , https://time.com/5822461/coronavirus-tests-africa/; https://www.bsg.ox.ac.uk/research/research-projects/coronavirus-government-response-tracker, (accessed 26 April 2020); Dowd, J.B., (2020) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 9696-9698; Tan, J., (2005) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 59, pp. 186-192; Chan, K.H., (2011) Adv. Virol., 2011, p. 734690. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC383htVGgtQ%3D%3D; Sajadi, M.M., (2020) Social Science Research Network, , https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3550308; Wang, D., (2020) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 323, pp. 1061-1069. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXlvVSqtbY%3D; Richardson, S., (2020) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 323, pp. 2052-2059. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVGrs7bN; http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool; Foreman, K.J., (2018) Lancet, 392, pp. 2052-2090; Gaye, B., (2019) BMJ Glob. Health, 4; Gouda, H.N., (2019) Lancet Glob. Health, 7, pp. e1375-e1387; Kearney, P.M., (2005) Lancet, 365, pp. 217-223; (2020) World Health Organization, , https://www.who.int/publications-detail/the-potential-impact-of-health-service-disruptions-on-the-burden-of-malaria; (2020), https://www.people-press.org/2020/03/18/u-s-public-sees-multiple-threats-from-the-coronavirus-and-concerns-are-growing/; Fasina, F.O., (2014) Euro Surveill., 19, p. 20920. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC2M3hsVelsQ%3D%3D; (2020), https://population.un.org/wpp/; (2020), https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavirus/bollettino/Bollettino-sorveglianza-integrata-COVID-19_30-marzo-2020.pdfUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086340609&doi=10.1038%2fs41591-020-0960-y&partnerID=40&md5=b74752e35d61ddfce00694dbbde8e813 PY - 2020 SN - 10788956 (ISSN) SP - 996-999 ST - Socio-demographic and epidemiological consideration of Africa’s COVID-19 response: what is the possible pandemic course? T2 - Nature Medicine TI - Socio-demographic and epidemiological consideration of Africa’s COVID-19 response: what is the possible pandemic course? VL - 26 ID - 463 ER - TY - JOUR AB - COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2, is an international concern. This infection requires urgent efforts to develop new antiviral compounds. To date, no specific drug in controlling this disease has been identified. Developing the new treatment is usually time consuming, therefore using the repurposing broad-spectrum antiviral drugs could be an effective strategy to respond immediately. In this review, a number of broad-spectrum antivirals with potential efficacy to inhibit the virus replication via targeting the virus spike protein (S protein), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) that are critical in the pathogenesis and life cycle of coronavirus, have been evaluated as possible treatment options against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients. © 2021 Future Medicine Ltd AD - Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, 1411713135, Iran Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 65178-38678, Iran Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717411, Iran Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166/1573, Iran Department of Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 28081, United States AU - Ghanbari, R. AU - Teimoori, A. AU - Sadeghi, A. AU - Mohamadkhani, A. AU - Rezasoltani, S. AU - Asadi, E. AU - Jouyban, A. AU - Sumner, S. C. J. C2 - 33404263 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2217/fmb-2020-0120 IS - 18 J2 - Future Microbiol. KW - antiviral drugs COVID-19 drug repurposing SARS-CoV-2 antivirus agent coronavirus 3C protease danoprevir disulfiram favipiravir galidesivir griffithsin lopinavir plus ritonavir nafamstat nelfinavir papain-like protease remdesivir ribavirin RNA directed RNA polymerase viral protease virus spike protein chymase NSP12 protein, SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease, SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity coronavirus disease 2019 drug efficacy drug potency human life cycle nonhuman pathogenesis priority journal protein targeting Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus characterization virus replication drug effect drug repositioning drug therapy virus entry Antiviral Agents Chymases Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Humans Virus Internalization LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Ghanbari, R.; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Iran; email: r.ghanbari98@gmail.com Chemicals/CAS: 3C viral protease; coronavirus 3C protease; coronavirus RNA dependent RNA polymerase; cysteine proteinase; danoprevir, 916881-67-9, 1001913-18-3, 1225266-12-5, 850876-88-9, 916826-48-7; disulfiram, 97-77-8; favipiravir, 259793-96-9; galidesivir, 222631-44-9, 249503-25-1; gingipain cysteine endopeptidase; mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1; nafamstat, 81525-10-2; nelfinavir, 159989-64-7, 159989-65-8; papain-like protease; peptide hydrolase; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; ribavirin, 36791-04-5; RNA directed RNA polymerase, 9026-28-2; viral papain-like protease; viral protease; chymase, 75496-62-7, 97501-92-3; Antiviral Agents; Chymases; Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases; Coronavirus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase; NSP12 protein, SARS-CoV-2; papain-like protease, SARS-CoV-2 Tradenames: avigan; kaletra References: Guo, Y.R., Cao, Q.D., Hong, Z.S., The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak-an update on the status (2020) Mil. Med. Res., 7 (1), pp. 1-10; Hui, D.S., Azhar, E.I., Madani, T.A., The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health-the latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China (2020) Int. J. Infect. Dis., 91, pp. 264-266; Whitworth, J., COVID-19: A fast evolving pandemic (2020) Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 114 (4), pp. 241-248; (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation report-91, , http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200420-sitrep-91-covid-19.pdf, World Health Organization; Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding (2020) Lancet, 395 (10224), pp. 565-574; Ye, Z.W., Yuan, S., Yuen, K.S., Fung, S.Y., Chan, C.P., Jin, D.Y., Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses (2020) Int. J. Biol. Sci., 16 (10), pp. 1686-1697; Li, G., De Clercq, E., Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (2020) Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov., 19 (3), pp. 149-150; Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) Int. J. Surg., 76, pp. 71-76; Mitja, O., Clotet, B., Use of antiviral drugs to reduce COVID-19 transmission (2020) Lancet. Glob. Health, 8 (5), pp. 639-640; Tu, Y.F., Chien, C.S., Yarmishyn, A.A., A review of SARS-CoV-2 and the ongoing clinical trials (2020) Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21 (7), p. 2657; Wu, C., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods (2020) Acta. Pharm. Sin. B., 10 (5), pp. 766-788; Wu, A., Peng, Y., Huang, B., Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China (2020) Cell. Host. Microbe., 27 (3), pp. 325-328; Zhang, H., Penninger, J.M., Li, Y., Zhong, N., Slutsky, A.S., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: Molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target (2020) Intensive Care Med., 46 (4), pp. 586-590; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181 (2), pp. 271e8-280e8; Shereen, M.A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N., Siddique, R., COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses (2020) J. Adv. Res., 24, pp. 91-98; Liu, W., Morse, J.S., Lalonde, T., Xu, S., Learning from the past: Possible urgent prevention and treatment options for severe acute respiratory infections caused by 2019-nCoV (2020) Chembiochem, 21 (5), pp. 730-738; Yu, R., Chen, L., Lan, R., Shen, R., Li, P., Computational screening of antagonist against the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus by molecular docking (2020) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents., 56 (2), p. 106012; Aftab, S.O., Ghouri, M.Z., Masood, M.U., Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase as a potential therapeutic drug target using a computational approach (2020) J. Transl. Med., 18 (1), p. 275; Sun, J., He, W.-T., Wang, L., COVID-19: Epidemiology, evolution, and cross-disciplinary perspectives (2020) Trends. Mol. Med., 26 (5), pp. 483-495; Lan, J., Ge, J., Yu, J., Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor (2020) Nature, 581 (7807), pp. 215-220; Lusvarghi, S., Bewley, C.A., Griffithsin: An antiviral lectin with outstanding therapeutic potential (2016) Viruses, 8 (10), p. 296; Lee, C., Griffithsin, a highly potent broad-spectrum antiviral lectin from red algae: From discovery to clinical application (2019) Mar. Drugs., 17 (10), p. 567; Fischer, K., Nguyen, K., Liwang, P.J., Griffithsin retains anti-HIV-1 potency with changes in gp120 glycosylation and complements broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT121 and PGT126 (2019) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 64 (1), pp. 01084-01119; Zío-Lkowska, N.E., O'Keefe, B.R., Mori, T., Domain-swapped structure of the potent antiviral protein griffithsin and its mode of carbohydrate binding (2006) Structure, 14 (7), pp. 1127-1135; Millet, J.K., Séron, K., Labitt, R.N., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection is inhibited by griffithsin (2016) Antiviral Res., 133, pp. 1-8; O'Keefe, B.R., Giomarelli, B., Barnard, D.L., Broad-spectrum in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of the antiviral protein griffithsin against emerging viruses of the family Coronaviridae (2010) J. Virol., 84 (5), pp. 2511-2521; Ou, X., Liu, Y., Lei, X., Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV (2020) Nat. Commun., 11 (1), p. 1620; Yamamoto, M., Matsuyama, S., Li, X., Identification of nafamostat as a potent inhibitor of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus S protein-mediated membrane fusion using the split-protein-based cell-cell fusion assay (2016) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 60 (11), pp. 6532-6539; (2020) Nafamostat Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Preventing COVID-19 Transmission, , http://www.drugtargetreview.com/news/58915/nafamostat-inhibits-sars-cov-2-infection-preventing-covid-19-transmission/, Drug Target Review, NEWS; Li, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, N., Therapeutic drugs targeting 2019-nCoV main protease by high-throughput screening (2020) BioRxiv; Muralidharan, N., Sakthivel, R., Velmurugan, D., Gromiha, M.M., Computational studies of drug repurposing and synergism of lopinavir, oseltamivir and ritonavir binding with SARS-CoV-2 Protease against COVID-19 (2020) J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn, , Epub ahead of print; Kumar, S., Zhi, K., Mukherji, A., Gerth, K., Repurposing antiviral protease inhibitors using extracellular vesicles for potential therapy of COVID-19 (2020) Viruses, 12 (5), p. 486; Schroeder, J.P., Cooper, D.A., Schank, J.R., Disulfiram attenuates drug-primed reinstatement of cocaine seeking via inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase (2010) Neuropsychopharmacology, 35 (12), pp. 2440-2449; Ekinci, E., Rohondia, S., Khan, R., Dou, Q.P., Repurposing disulfiram as an anti-cancer agent: Updated review on literature and patents (2019) Recent. Pat. Anticancer. Drug. Discov., 14 (2), pp. 113-132; Lee, S.A., Elliott, J.H., McMahon, J., Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of disulfiram on inducing latent HIV-1 transcription in a Phase IIb Trial (2019) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 105 (3), pp. 692-702; Lin, M.H., Moses, D.C., Hsieh, C.H., Disulfiram can inhibit mers and sars coronavirus papain-like proteases via different modes (2018) Antiviral Res., 150, pp. 155-163; Anand, K., Ziebuhr, J., Wadhwani, P., Mesters, J.R., Hilgenfeld, R., Coronavirus main proteinase (3CLpro) structure: Basis for design of anti-SARS drugs (2003) Science, 300 (5626), pp. 1763-1767; Lee, Y.M., Duh, Y., Wang, S.T., Lai, M.M., Yuan, H.S., Lim, C., Using an old drug to target a new drug site: Application of disulfiram to target the Zn-site in HCV NS5A protein (2016) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 138 (11), pp. 3856-3862; Sargsyan, K., Chen, T., Grauffel, C., Lim, C., Identifying COVID-19 drug-sites susceptible to clinically safe Zn-ejector drugs using evolutionary/physical principles OSF Preprints; Yoshimoto, F.K., The proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the cause of COVID-19 (2020) Protein. J., 39 (3), pp. 198-216; Hurst, M., Faulds, D., Lopinavir (2000) Drugs, 60 (6), pp. 1371-1379; Zeldin, R.K., Petruschke, R.A., Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor therapy in HIV-infected patients (2004) J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 53 (1), pp. 4-9; Chandwani, A., Shuter, J., Lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of HIV-1 infection: A review (2008) Ther. Clin. Risk. Manag., 4 (5), pp. 1023-1033; Liu, X., Wang, X.-J., Potential inhibitors against 2019-nCoV coronavirus M protease from clinically approved medicines (2020) J. Genet. Genomics., 47 (2), pp. 119-121; Chen, F., Chan, K., Jiang, Y., In vitro susceptibility of 10 clinical isolates of SARS coronavirus to selected antiviral compounds (2004) J. Clin. Virol., 31 (1), pp. 69-75; Chu, C., Cheng, V., Hung, I., Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: Initial virological and clinical findings (2004) Thorax, 59 (3), pp. 252-256; Yao, T.T., Qian, J.D., Zhu, W.Y., Wang, Y., Wang, G.Q., A systematic review of lopinavir therapy for SARS coronavirus and MERS coronavirus-A possible reference for coronavirus disease-19 treatment option (2020) J. Med. Virol., 92 (6), pp. 556-563; Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382 (19), pp. 1787-1799; Xu, Z., Peng, C., Shi, Y., Nelfinavir was predicted to be a potential inhibitor of 2019-nCov main protease by an integrative approach combining homology modelling, molecular docking and binding free energy calculation BioRxiv; Yamamoto, N., Yang, R., Yoshinaka, Y., HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir inhibits replication of SARS-associated coronavirus (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 318 (3), pp. 719-725; Khaerunnisa, S., Kurniawan, H., Awaluddin, R., Suhartati, S., Soetjipto, S., Potential inhibitor of COVID-19 main protease (Mpro) from several medicinal plant compounds by molecular docking study Preprints; Xu, Z., Yao, H., Shen, J., Nelfinavir is active against SARS-CoV-2 in vero E6 cells ChemRxiv; Yamamoto, N., Matsuyama, S., Hoshino, T., Yamamoto, N., Nelfinavir inhibits replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in vitro BioRxiv; Ohashi, H., Watashi, K., Saso, W., Multidrug treatment with nelfinavir and cepharanthine against COVID-19 BioRxiv; Markham, A., Keam, S.J., Danoprevir: First global approval (2018) Drugs, 78 (12), pp. 1271-1276; Wei, L., Shang, J., Ma, Y., Efficacy and safety of 12-week interferon-based danoprevir regimen in patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C (2019) J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol., 7 (3), pp. 221-225; Bafna, K., Krug, R.M., Montelione, G.T., Structural similarity of SARS-CoV2 Mpro and HCV NS3/4A proteases suggests new approaches for identifying existing drugs useful as COVID-19 therapeutics ChemRxiv; Chen, H., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., First clinical study using HCV protease inhibitor danoprevir to treat naive and experienced COVID-19 patients MedRxiv; Elfiky, A.A., Anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, repurposing against COVID-19 (2020) Life Sci., 248, p. 117477; Ju, J., Li, X., Kumar, S., Nucleotide analogues as inhibitors of SARS-CoV polymerase BioRxiv; Elfiky, A.A., Ribavirin, remdesivir, sofosbuvir, galidesivir, and tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): A molecular docking study (2020) Life Sci., 253, p. 117592; Furuta, Y., Takahashi, K., Shiraki, K., T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections (2009) Antiviral Res., 82 (3), pp. 95-102; Furuta, Y., Gowen, B.B., Takahashi, K., Shiraki, K., Smee, D.F., Barnard, D.L., Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor (2013) Antiviral Res., 100 (2), pp. 446-454; (2020) Flu Drug Used in Japan Shows Promise in Treating COVID-19, , http://www.livescience.com/flu-drug-could-treat-coronavirus.html, Live Science; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell. Res., 30 (3), pp. 269-271; Cai, Q., Yang, M., Liu, D., Experimental treatment with favipiravir for COVID-19: An open-label control study (2020) Engineering, , Epub ahead of print; Stockman, L.J., Bellamy, R., Garner, P., SARS: Systematic review of treatment effects (2006) PLoS Med., 3 (9), p. 343; Arabi, Y.M., Shalhoub, S., Mandourah, Y., Ribavirin and interferon therapy for critically ill patients with middle east respiratory syndrome: A multicenter observational study (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., 70 (9), pp. 1837-1844; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci. Transl. Med., 9 (396), p. aal3653; Tchesnokov, E.P., Feng, J.Y., Porter, D.P., Götte, M., Mechanism of inhibition of Ebola virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by remdesivir (2019) Viruses, 11 (4), p. 326; Holshue, M.L., Debolt, C., Lindquist, S., First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382 (10), pp. 929-936; (2020) Coronavirus Cure Hope As 79-year-old Italian Man Successfully Treated with Experimental Drug, , http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/18/coronavirus-cure-hope-79-year-old-italian-man-successfully-treated/, The Telegraph; Warren, T.K., Wells, J., Panchal, R.G., Protection against filovirus diseases by a novel broad-spectrum nucleoside analogue BCX4430 (2014) Nature, 508 (7496), pp. 402-405; Westover, J.B., Mathis, A., Taylor, R., Galidesivir limits Rift Valley fever virus infection and disease in Syrian golden hamsters (2018) Antiviral Res., 156, pp. 38-45; National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, , https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, PubChem; Ahmed, S.F., Quadeer, A.A., McKay, M.R., Preliminary identification of potential vaccine targets for the COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies (2020) Viruses, 12 (3), p. 254; Zhang, G., Pomplun, S., Loftis, A.R., Loas, A., Pentelute, B.L., The first-in-class peptide binder to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein BioRxiv; Xia, S., Zhu, Y., Liu, M., Fusion mechanism of 2019-nCoV and fusion inhibitors targeting HR1 domain in spike protein (2020) Cell. Mol. Immunol., 17 (7), pp. 765-767; Liu, C., Zhou, Q., Li, Y., Research and development on therapeutic agents and vaccines for COVID-19 and related human coronavirus diseases (2020) ACS. Cent. Sci., 6 (3), pp. 315-331; Zhou, H., Fang, Y., Xu, T., Ni, W.J., Shen, A.Z., Meng, X.M., Potential therapeutic targets and promising drugs for combating SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Br. J. Pharmacol., 177 (14), pp. 3147-3161; Peele, K.A., Chandrasai, P., Srihansa, T., Molecular docking and dynamic simulations for antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2: A computational study (2020) Inform. Med. Unlocked., 19, p. 100345; Calligari, P., Bobone, S., Ricci, G., Bocedi, A., Molecular investigation of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and their interactions with antiviral drugs (2020) Viruses, 12 (4), p. 445 PY - 2020 SN - 17460913 (ISSN) SP - 1747-1758 ST - Existing antiviral options against SARS-CoV-2 replication in COVID-19 patients T2 - Future Microbiology TI - Existing antiviral options against SARS-CoV-2 replication in COVID-19 patients UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099147054&doi=10.2217%2ffmb-2020-0120&partnerID=40&md5=f9719c5ca795d7d1a5278e04b770122f VL - 15 ID - 252 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global healthcare systems and this may affect stroke care and outcomes. This study examines the changes in stroke epidemiology and care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran. Methods: This study is part of the CASCADE international initiative. From February 18, 2019, to July 18, 2020, we followed ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke hospitalization rates and outcomes in Valiasr Hospital, Zanjan, Iran. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model and an interrupted time series analysis (ITS) to identify changes in stroke hospitalization rate, baseline stroke severity [measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)], disability [measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)], presentation time (last seen normal to hospital presentation), thrombolytic therapy rate, median door-to-needle time, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. We compared in-hospital mortality between study periods using Cox-regression model. Results: During the study period, 1,026 stroke patients were hospitalized. Stroke hospitalization rates per 100,000 population decreased from 68.09 before the pandemic to 44.50 during the pandemic, with a significant decline in both Bayesian [Beta: -1.034; Standard Error (SE): 0.22, 95% CrI: -1.48, -0.59] and ITS analysis (estimate: -1.03, SE = 0.24, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, we observed lower admission rates for patients with mild (NIHSS < 5) ischemic stroke (p < 0.0001). Although, the presentation time and door-to-needle time did not change during the pandemic, a lower proportion of patients received thrombolysis (-10.1%; p = 0.004). We did not see significant changes in admission rate to the stroke unit and in-hospital mortality rate; however, disability at discharge increased (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: In Zanjan, Iran, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted stroke outcomes and altered the delivery of stroke care. Observed lower admission rates for milder stroke may possibly be due to fear of exposure related to COVID-19. The decrease in patients treated with thrombolysis and the increased disability at discharge may indicate changes in the delivery of stroke care and increased pressure on existing stroke acute and subacute services. The results of this research will contribute to a similar analysis of the larger CASCADE dataset in order to confirm findings at a global scale and improve measures to ensure the best quality of care for stroke patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Stroke Research Group, Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Vali-e-Asr hospital, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan, Iran Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan, Iran Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia Comprehensive Stroke Care Program, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, Kerala, India Departments of Neurology, Neurological Surgery, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States Department of Neurology, Loyola University, Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Neurology, Monash Health and Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Australia Health Information Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada Regional Stroke Prevention, Southwestern Ontario Stroke Network, London Health Sciences, London, ON, Canada Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Institute, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, United States Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia Department of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Center for Translational Research & Education, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States Department of Medicine and Neurology, University of Otago and Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States Dr. Everett Chalmers Regional Hospital, Dalhousie University, New Brunswick, Canada Vascular Neurology Division, Department of Neurology, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Conca, Ancona, Italy Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States Neurology Department, Santa Casa of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine/Division of Stroke Care Unit, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan Hospital Dr. Arturo Oñativia, Rafael CalzadaAlte Brown, Pcia de Bs As, Argentina Westchester Medical Center Health Network, Director of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurological Services, Valhalla, NY, United States Westchester Medical Center Health Network, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States Clinical Research Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Siriraj Stroke Center, Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Division of Neuroscience Critical Care, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States Department of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Department of Neurology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari MutuaTerrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain Department of Life Sciences, CBS, Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester, United Kingdom Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital, Camden, NJ, United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg Department of Neurology, British HospitalMontevideo, Uruguay Department of Neurology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States UCSD Stroke center, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, United States Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, San Camillo de’ Lellis General District Hospital, Rieti, Italy Neurological Section, Neuro-epidemiology Unit, SMDN-Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention, Sulmona, L'Aquila, Italy Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AU - Ghoreishi, A. AU - Arsang-Jang, S. AU - Sabaa-Ayoun, Z. AU - Yassi, N. AU - Sylaja, P. N. AU - Akbari, Y. AU - Divani, A. A. AU - Biller, J. AU - Phan, T. AU - Steinwender, S. AU - Silver, B. AU - Zand, R. AU - Basri, H. B. AU - Iqbal, O. M. AU - Ranta, A. AU - Ruland, S. AU - Macri, E. AU - Ma, H. AU - Nguyen, T. N. AU - Abootalebi, S. AU - Gupta, A. AU - Alet, M. AU - Lattanzi, S. AU - Desai, M. AU - Gagliardi, R. J. AU - Girotra, T. AU - Inoue, M. AU - Yoshimoto, T. AU - Isaac, C. F. AU - Mayer, S. A. AU - Morovatdar, N. AU - Nilanont, Y. AU - Nobleza, C. O. S. AU - Saber, H. AU - Kamenova, S. AU - Kondybayeva, A. AU - Krupinski, J. AU - Siegler, J. E. AU - Stranges, S. AU - Torbey, M. T. AU - Yorio, D. AU - Zurrú, M. C. AU - Rubinos, C. A. AU - Shahripour, R. B. AU - Borhani-Haghighi, A. AU - Napoli, M. D. AU - Azarpazhooh, M. R. C2 - 33069086 C7 - 105321 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105321 IS - 12 J2 - J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. KW - COVID-19 Disability Epidemiology Mortality Outcome Stroke Stroke care fibrinolytic agent aged Article blood clot lysis brain hemorrhage brain ischemia cerebrovascular accident coronavirus disease 2019 female fibrinolytic therapy hospital mortality hospital patient hospitalization human length of stay major clinical study male National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale outcome assessment pandemic preliminary data priority journal Rankin scale stroke patient stroke unit trend study Bayes theorem clinical trial convalescence Iran middle aged multicenter study time factor time to treatment treatment outcome very elderly Aged, 80 and over Humans Interrupted Time Series Analysis Intracranial Hemorrhages Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care Recovery of Function Thrombolytic Therapy Time Factors Time-to-Treatment LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JSCDF Correspondence Address: Azarpazhooh, M.R.; Stroke Prevention and Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Canada; email: reza.azarpazhooh@lhsc.on.ca Funding text 1: The authors have no conflict of interest related to this paper to declare. We would like to sincerely thank all centers participating in the CASCADE study during this extremely difficult period. The authors have not received any compensation for the current study. Valiasr Hospital is an active participating center in the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke (SITS) registry, and we would like to thank SITS for its support. References: Adhanom Ghebreyesus, T., We now have a name for the disease caused by the novel coronavirus: COVID-19 [Internet]. twitter (2020), https://twitter.com/DrTedros/status/1227297754499764230, [cited 2020 Jul 22]. Available from:; Azarpazhooh, M.R., Morovatdar, N., Avan, A., Phan, T.G., Divani, A.A., Yassi, N., COVID-19 pandemic and burden of non-communicable diseases: an ecological study on data of 185 countries (2020) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis; Azarpazhooh, M.R., Amiri, A., Morovatdar, N., Steinwender, S., Rezaei Ardani, A., Yassi, N., Correlations between COVID-19 and burden of dementia: an ecological study and review of literature (2020) J Neurol Sci, 416; Martinez, R., Lloyd-Sherlock, P., Soliz, P., Ebrahim, S., Vega, E., Ordunez, P., Trends in premature avertable mortality from non-communicable diseases for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a population-based study (2020) Lancet Glob Health, 8 (4), pp. e511-e523; Bersano, A., Kraemer, M., Touzé, E., Weber, R., Alamowitch, S., Sibon, I., Stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience from three large European countries (2020) Eur J Neurol; Montaner, J., Barragán-Prieto, A., Pérez-Sánchez, S., Escudero-Martínez, I., Moniche, F., Sánchez-Miura, J.A., Break in the stroke chain of survival due to COVID-19 (2020) Stroke, 51 (8), pp. 2307-2314; Appleby, J., What is happening to non-covid deaths? (2020) BMJ, 24 (369), p. m1607; Abootalebi, S., Aertker, B.M., Andalibi, M.S., Asdaghi, N., Aykac, O., Azarpazhooh, M.R., Call to Action: SARS-CoV-2 and Cerebrovascular DisordErs (CASCADE) (2020) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis; Sadighi, A., Stanciu, A., Banciu, M., Abedi, V., Andary, N.E., Holland, N., Rate and associated factors of transient ischemic attack misdiagnosis (2019) eNeurological Sci., 15; Sacco, R.L., Kasner, S.E., Broderick, J.P., Caplan, L.R., Connors, J.J.B., Culebras, A., An updated definition of stroke for the 21st century: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (2013) Stroke, 44 (7), pp. 2064-2089; https://behdasht.gov.ir/, Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. Covid-19 In Iran [Internet]. https://behdasht.gov.ir. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 9]. Available from: News of COVID-19 in Iran; The No-U-Turn Sampler: Adaptively Setting Path Lengths in Hamiltonian Monte Carlo [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 22]. Available from:; Gelman, A., Lee, D., Guo, J., Stan: a probabilistic programming language for bayesian inference and optimization (2015) J Educ Behav Stat, 40 (5), pp. 530-543; https://cran.r-project.org, Institute for Statistics and Mathematics of WU. The Comprehensive R Archive Network [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 15]. Available from:; Nozaki, E., Nakamura, A., Abe, A., Kagaya, Y., Kohzu, K., Sato, K., Occurrence of cardiovascular events after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami disaster (2013) Int Heart J, 54 (5), pp. 247-253; Wilbert-Lampen, U., Leistner, D., Greven, S., Pohl, T., Sper, S., Völker, C., Cardiovascular events during World Cup soccer (2008) N Engl J Med, 358 (5), pp. 475-483; Aboa-Eboulé, C., Béjot, Y., Cottenet, J., Khellaf, M., Jacquin, A., Durier, J., The impact of World and European Football Cups on stroke in the population of Dijon, France: a longitudinal study from 1986 to 2006 (2014) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis., 23 (3), pp. e229-e235; Morens, D.M., Taubenberger, J.K., Harvey, H.A., Memoli, M.J., The 1918 influenza pandemic: lessons for 2009 and the future (2010) Crit Care Med, 38 (4), pp. e10-e20; Amarenco, P., Benavente, O., Express transient ischemic attack study: speed the process! (2008) Stroke, 39 (8), pp. 2400-2401; Lavallée, P.C., Meseguer, E., Abboud, H., Cabrejo, L., Olivot, J.-M., Simon, O., A transient ischaemic attack clinic with round-the-clock access (SOS-TIA): feasibility and effects (2007) Lancet Neurol, 6 (11), pp. 953-960; Nguyen, T.N., Abdalkader, M., Jovin, T.G., Nogueira, R.G., Jadhav, A.P., Haussen, D.C., Mechanical thrombectomy in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: emergency preparedness for neuroscience teams: a guidance statement from the society of vascular and interventional neurology (2020) Stroke, 51 (6), pp. 1896-1901; Avan, A., Digaleh, H., Di Napoli, M., Stranges, S., Behrouz, R., Shojaeianbabaei, G., Socioeconomic status and stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, and worldwide burden: an ecological analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (2019) BMC Med., 17 (1), p. 191; Azarpazhooh, M.R., Etemadi, M.M., Donnan, G.A., Mokhber, N., Majdi, M.R., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., Excessive incidence of stroke in Iran: evidence from the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study (MSIS), a population-based study of stroke in the Middle East (2010) Stroke, 41 (1), pp. e3-10; Salehi, M., Amiri, A., Thrift, A.G., Kapral, M.K., Sposato, L., Behrouz, R., Five-year recurrence rate and the predictors following stroke in the Mashhad stroke incidence study: a population-based cohort study of stroke in the middle east (2018) Neuroepidemiology, 50 (1-2), pp. 18-22; Farzadfard, M.T., Sheikh Andalibi, M.S., Thrift, A.G., Morovatdar, N., Stranges, S., Amiri, A., Long-term disability after stroke in Iran: evidence from the Mashhad stroke incidence study (2019) Int J Stroke, 14 (1), pp. 44-47; Farzadfard, M.T., Thrift, A.G., Amiri, A., Kapral, M.K., Hashemi, P., Sposato, L.A., Five-year case fatality following first-ever stroke in the Mashhad stroke incidence study: a population-based study of stroke in the middle east (2018) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 27 (4), pp. 1085-1089; Owen, N., Sparling, P.B., Healy, G.N., Dunstan, D.W., Matthews, C.E., Sedentary behavior: emerging evidence for a new health risk (2010) Mayo Clin Proc, 85 (12), pp. 1138-1141 PY - 2020 SN - 10523057 (ISSN) ST - Stroke Care Trends During COVID-19 Pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran. From the CASCADE Initiative: Statistical Analysis Plan and Preliminary Results T2 - Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases TI - Stroke Care Trends During COVID-19 Pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran. From the CASCADE Initiative: Statistical Analysis Plan and Preliminary Results UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092513322&doi=10.1016%2fj.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105321&partnerID=40&md5=cdf782f466001d837257ce5b69ff2eed VL - 29 ID - 271 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose: The purpose of this article is to provide a follow up to “Libraries on the Frontlines: Neutrality and Social Justice,” which was published here in 2017. It addresses institutional responses to protests and uprising in the spring and summer of 2020 after the deaths of Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor and George Floyd, all of which occurred in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The article expands the previous call for libraries to take a stand for Black lives. Design/methodology/approach: The authors describe the events of 2020 (a global pandemic, multiple murders of unarmed Black people and the consequent global protests) and responses from within library and information science (LIS), from the perspectives as women of color faculty and library professionals. Findings: The authors comment on how libraries are responding to current events, as well as the possibilities for panethnic solidarity. The authors also consider specifically how libraries and other institutions are responding to the racial uprisings through statements on social media and call for concrete action to ensure that their organizations and information practices are actively antiracist. In so doing, the authors update the claims and expand the appeals they made in 2017,that Black Lives Matter and that librarianship must not remain neutral. Originality/value: This paper addresses recent institutional and governmental reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic and the racial uprisings of spring and summer 2020. It is original, current and timely as it interrogates ongoing events in a LIS context. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited. AD - School of Library and Information Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carrboro, NC, United States Department of Library and Information Science, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States College of Information and Communications, University of South Carolina ColumbiaSC, United States Master of Library and Information Science Program, St. Catherine University, St. Paul, MN, United States School of Information Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States Department of Libraries and Educational Technologies, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States AU - Gibson, A. N. AU - Chancellor, R. L. AU - Cooke, N. A. AU - Dahlen, S. P. AU - Patin, B. AU - Shorish, Y. L. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1108/EDI-07-2020-0178 IS - 1 J2 - Equal. Diversity Incl. KW - Black people Ethnic minorities Libraries Occupational health and safety Protest Public sector organizations LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Gibson, A.N.; School of Library and Information Science, United States; email: angibson@email.unc.edu References: (2018) Are Libraries Neutral?: Highlights from the Midwinter President's Program [WWW Document], , https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2018/06/01/are-libraries-neutral/, American Libraries Magazine: (accessed 28 June 2020; (2020) Moving Forward: Key Findings from New Libraries' COVID-19 Response Survey: Re-opening and Financial Results, , American Library Association, Chicago, IL; (2020), Armed Lockdown ProtestersMichigan Statehouse, BBC News, Lansing, MI; (2020) ‘Our Country Wasn't Built to Be Shut Down,’ Trump Says, , Washington, DC; (2020) COVID-19 in racial and ethnic minority groups, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/racial-ethnic-minorities.html, CDC, [WWW Document]: accessed, 30 June 2020; Cooke, N.A., Impolite hostilities and vague sympathies: academia as a site of cyclical abuse (2019) Journal of Education for Library and Information Science, 60, pp. 223-230; Cooke, N., (2020) Reading is only a step on the path to anti-racism, , https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/libraries/article/83626-reading-is-only-a-step-on-the-path-to-anti-racism.html, [WWW Document], PublishersWeekly.com: accessed, 30 June 2020; Dalton, J., (2020) Black Lives Matter protest held in London, , https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/black-lives-matter-london-george-floyd-protest-demonstration-a9541066.html?fbclid=IwAR0oVWo5ryc0n1yWM41MOIWFRYt_TM39iBVpfEdePIpcz7XWzBauAOzbBAM, The Independent, [WWW Document]: accessed, 30 June 2020; Fausset, R., (2020) What We Know about the Shooting Death of Ahmaud Arbery, , The New York Times, Atlanta, GA; Fernandez, M., Montgomery, D., (2020) Businesses Chafing under Covid-19 Lockdowns Turn to Armed Defiance, , The New York Times, Shepherd, TX; Garcia-Febo, L., (2020) Black Lives Matter: statements and resources, , http://blogs.ifla.org/cpdwl/2020/06/16/black-lives-matter-statements-resources/, IFLA CPDWL Blog: accessed, 30 June 2020; Gibson, A.N., Hughes-Hassell, S., We will not Be silent: amplifying marginalized voices in LIS education and research (2017) The Library Quarterly, 87, pp. 317-329; Gibson, A.N., Chancellor, R.L., Cooke, N.A., Park Dahlen, S., Lee, S.A., Shorish, Y.L., Libraries on the frontlines: neutrality and social justice (2017) Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: International Journal, 36, pp. 751-766; Graves, J., Jarvis, E., (2020) An open letter: scientists and racial justice, , https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/an-open-letter-scientists-and-racial-justice-67648, [WWW Document], The Scientist Magazine®: accessed, 30 June 2020; Harris, E.A., (2020) Libraries Strive to Stay ‘Community Living Rooms’ as They Reopen, , The New York Times, New York; Hathcock, A., (2015) White librarianship in blackface: diversity initiatives in LIS – in the library with the lead pipe, , 2015/lis-diversity/, accessed, 30 June 2020; Hlywak, S., (2020) ALA executive board stands with BCALA in condemning violence and racism towards black people and all people of color, , http://www.ala.org/news/press-releases/2020/06/ala-executive-board-stands-bcala-condemning-violence-and-racism-towards-0, [WWW Document], News and Press Center: accessed, 30 June 2020; Hlywak, S., (2020) ALA takes responsibility for past racism, pledges a more equitable association, , http://www.ala.org/news/press-releases/2020/06/ala-takes-responsibility-past-racism-pledges-more-equitable-association, [WWW Document], News and Press Center: accessed, 30 June 2020; Honma, T., Trippin' over the color line: the invisibility of race in library and information studies (2005) InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies, 1, pp. 1-27; (2020) A Pledge: self-examination and concrete action in the JMU libraries, , https://www.lib.jmu.edu/a-pledge-self-examination-and-concrete-action-in-the-jmu-libraries/, JMU Libraries, [WWW Document]: accessed, 30 June 2020; Oppel, R.A., Taylor, D.B., (2020) Here's what You Need to Know about Breonna Taylor's Death, , The New York Times, New York; Kang, J., (2020) Tou Thao and the myths of asian American solidarity. Time to sat goodbye, , https://timetosaygoodbyepod.substack.com/p/tou-thao-and-the-myths-of-asian-american?fbclid=IwAR00pK2yS89wZqtBtUCg6CQocSi7URufmrCxAeC54q-ZZnlv4o5KmabemCY; Kendi, I.X., (2020) Stop blaming black people for dying of the coronavirus, , https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/race-and-blame/609946/, [WWW Document], The Atlantic: accessed, 30 June 2020; King, M.L., Jr., (1966) Martin Luther King and Economic Justice, 1966, , United States Government Printing Office, Washington D.C; Kirkpatrick, N., (2020) From the executive director, , https://www.ohionet.org/blog/2020/06/executive-director-%E2%80%94, OhioNET, [WWW Document]. accessed, 30 June 2020; Lang, C., (2020) Asian Americans' Response to Black Lives Matter Is Part of a Complicated History, , Time, New York; LaRue, J., (2018) Library meeting rooms for all. Intellectual freedom blog, , https://www.oif.ala.org/oif/?p=14997, accessed, 30 June 2020; Link, B.G., Phelan, J., Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease (1995) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35, p. 80; Mudrock, T., (2020) Library guides: racial justice resources: campus resources and responses, , https://guides.lib.uw.edu/racial-justice/campusresources, [WWW Document]: accessed, 30 June 2020; (2020) A letter to Oakland, , https://oaklandlibrary.org/news/2020/06/letter-oakland, Oakland Public Library, [WWW Document]: accessed, 30 June 2020; O'Dowd, P., Hagan, A., (2020) Black Lives Matter Movement Resonates across Africa, , WBUR, Boston; Palmer, B., Wessler, S., (2018) The Costs of the Confederacy, , Smithsonian Magazine, Washington, DC; Phenix, K.J., McCook, K., Human rights and librarians (2005) Reference and User Services Quarterly, 45, pp. 23-25; Poon, L., (2020) Coronavirus Tests the Limits of America's Public Libraries, , Bloomberg.com, Washington, DC; Price, G., (2020) Statements from libraries and library organizations re: racism and increased violence, , https://www.infodocket.com/2020/06/01/statements-from-library-organizations-re-racism-and-increased-violence/, [WWW Document], LJ infoDOCKET: accessed, 30 June 2020; (2020), https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200606002800325, [WWW Document], Yonhap News Agency; Ray, V., (2019) A theory of racialized organizations: American sociological review; Regan, H., Watson, A., Walsh, C., (2020) In Australia, Protesters Demand Justice over Minority Deaths in Custody, , CNN, Australia and Atlanta, GA; (2020), https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oZTn0gQAW88o3W5KxFQJwRIY4-LXIyqjfY0yyJCvBEE/edit?usp=sharing&usp=embed_facebook, Google Docs: accessed, 30 June 2020; Rosenbaum, L., (2020) Johns Hopkins Changed its Guidance on Re-opening the Economy after Pushback from Librarians, , Forbes, New York; Sellie, A., (2020) Black Lives Matter, , https://gclibrary.commons.gc.cuny.edu/2020/06/01/blm/, Graduate Center Library Blog: accessed, 30 June 2020; Taylor, D.B., (2020) George Floyd Protests: A Timeline, , The New York Times, New York; Black Lives Matter, , https://thousandcurrents.org/black-lives-matter/, 2020, Thousand Currents: accessed, 30 June 2020; Washinton, P., (2020) 13 Times Trump Said the Coronavirus Would Go Away - YouTube, , Washington, DC; Werner, E., DeBonis, M., (2020) Worried that $2 Trillion Law Wasn't Enough, Trump and Congressional Leaders Converge on Need for New Coronavirus Economic Package, , Washington Post, Washington, DC; Westbrooks, E., (2020) The university libraries' role in reckoning with systemic racism and oppression, , https://library.unc.edu/2020/06/the-university-libraries-role-in-reckoning-with-systemic-racism-and-oppression/, UNC Chapel Hill Libraries, [WWW Document]: accessed, 30 June 2020; Westerman, A., King, N., Kwong, M., (2020) For One Immigrant Community, George Floyd's Death Isn't Just about Black and White, , NPR.org, Washington, D.C; Wiesel, E., (1986) Nobel prize speech, , https://eliewieselfoundation.org/elie-wiesel/nobelprizespeech/, Elie Wiesel Foundation for Humanity: accessed, 30 June 2020; Yang, J., (2020) It's time for Asian Americans to unite in solidarity with black Americans, , https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/05/opinions/tou-thao-asian-american-solidarity-with-black-americans-yang/index.html, [WWW Document], CNN PY - 2020 SN - 20407149 (ISSN) SP - 74-82 ST - Struggling to breathe: COVID-19, protest and the LIS response T2 - Equality, Diversity and Inclusion TI - Struggling to breathe: COVID-19, protest and the LIS response UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088862913&doi=10.1108%2fEDI-07-2020-0178&partnerID=40&md5=288894621bb8fcafc0f944dc664f7e0c VL - 40 ID - 416 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Health Behavior and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Global Health and Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, United States Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Cancer Control Department, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, United States Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States AU - Gilkey, M. B. AU - Bednarczyk, R. A. AU - Gerend, M. A. AU - Kornides, M. L. AU - Perkins, R. B. AU - Saslow, D. AU - Sienko, J. AU - Zimet, G. D. AU - Brewer, N. T. C2 - 32933839 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.013 IS - 5 J2 - J. Adolesc. Health KW - Wart virus vaccine adolescent health anticipatory guidance Article childhood clinical evaluation coronavirus disease 2019 evidence based practice family medicine health care delivery health care system human investment pandemic physical examination priority journal school health service social distancing spring summer telehealth total quality management uterine cervix cancer vaccination vaccination coverage vaccine hesitancy Wart virus adolescent Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection papillomavirus infection United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Papillomavirus Infections Papillomavirus Vaccines Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JADHE Correspondence Address: Gilkey, M.B.; Department of Health Behavior, CB 7440, United States; email: gilkey@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: Papillomavirus Vaccines Funding details: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: Merck Funding text 1: The National HPV Vaccination Roundtable is supported by the Grant Number 5 NH23IP22551-05-00 funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Funding text 2: Conflicts of interest: G.D.Z. has received consultation fees from Sanofi Pasteur for work on the Adolescent Immunization Initiative and from Merck for consultation related to human papillomavirus vaccination. N.T.B. has served on paid advisory boards for Merck and received research grants from Merck and Pfizer. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. References: Elam-Evans, L.D., Yankey, D., Singleton, J.A., National, regional, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years - United States, 2019 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 1109-1116; Hart, C., The effect of COVID-19 on immunization rates https://chipsblog.pcc.com/the-effect-of-covid-19-on-immunization-rates, Available at: (Accessed 30 July 2020); Moss, J.L., Reiter, P.L., Rimer, B.K., Summer peaks in uptake of human papillomavirus and other adolescent vaccines in the United States (2016) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 25, pp. 274-281; Mehrotra, A., Chernew, M., Linetsky, D., The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on outpatient visits: Practices are adapting to the new normal https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/2020/apr/impact-covid-19-outpatient-visits, Available at: (Accessed 30 July 2020); Gilkey, M.B., McRee, A.L., Provider communication about HPV vaccination: A systematic review (2016) Hum Vaccin Immunother, 12, pp. 1454-1468; Kempe, A., O'Leary, S.T., Markowitz, L.E., HPV vaccine delivery practices by primary care physicians (2019) Pediatrics, 144, p. e20191475; COVID-19 pulse survey results https://www.amga.org/performance-improvement/covid-19/pulse-surveys/vaccination/, Available at (Accessed 30 July 2020); Hanson, K.E., Koch, B., Bonner, K., National trends in parental human papillomavirus vaccination intentions and reasons for hesitancy, 2010-2015 (2018) Clin Infect Dis, 67, pp. 1018-1026; Brewer, N.T., Chapman, G.B., Rothman, A.J., Increasing vaccination: Putting psychological science into action (2017) Psychol Sci Public Interest, 18, pp. 149-207; Biancarelli, D.L., Drainoni, M.L., Perkins, R.B., Provider experience recommending HPV vaccination before age 11 Years (2020) J Pediatr, 217, pp. 92-97; Zimet, G., Dixon, B.E., Xiao, S., Simple and elaborated clinician reminder prompts for human papillomavirus vaccination: A randomized clinical trial (2018) Acad Pediatr, 18, pp. S66-S71; Help get adolescent vaccination back on track https://hpvroundtable.org/get-involved/health-systems/, Available at: (Accessed 30 July 2020); Assessing the state of vaccine confidence in the United States: Recommendations from the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (2015) Public Health Rep, 130, pp. 573-595 PY - 2020 SN - 1054139X (ISSN) SP - 633-634 ST - Getting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Back on Track: Protecting Our National Investment in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in the COVID-19 Era T2 - Journal of Adolescent Health TI - Getting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Back on Track: Protecting Our National Investment in Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in the COVID-19 Era UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090710461&doi=10.1016%2fj.jadohealth.2020.08.013&partnerID=40&md5=b157b4bf7d414787e9e307f0b7907152 VL - 67 ID - 308 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection spreads globally, the demand for chest imaging will inevitably rise with an accompanying increase in risk of disease transmission to frontline radiology staff. Radiology departments should implement strict infection control measures and robust operational plans to minimize disease transmission and mitigate potential impact of possible staff infection. In this article, the authors share several operational guidelines and strategies implemented in our practice to reduce spread of COVID-19 and maintain clinical and educational needs of a teaching hospital. © 2020 American College of Radiology AD - Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Goh, Y. AU - Chua, W. AU - Lee, J. K. T. AU - Ang, B. W. L. AU - Liang, C. R. AU - Tan, C. A. AU - Choong, D. A. W. AU - Hoon, H. X. AU - Ong, M. K. L. AU - Quek, S. T. C2 - 32298643 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.027 IS - 6 J2 - J. Am. Coll. Radiol. KW - COVID-19 operational strategies radiology Article cleaning coronavirus disease 2019 high risk patient human hygiene infection control nuclear magnetic resonance imaging practice guideline protocol compliance radiology department severe acute respiratory syndrome Singapore teaching hospital workforce x-ray computed tomography communicable disease control Coronavirus infection cross infection diagnostic imaging disease transmission epidemic female male occupational health organization organization and management pandemic prevention and control procedures virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Disease Outbreaks Humans Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Organizational Innovation Outcome Assessment, Health Care Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Radiology Department, Hospital Tomography, X-Ray Computed LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :29 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Quek, S.T.5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore; email: swee_tian_quek@nuhs.edu.sg Correspondence Address: Goh, Y.5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore; email: yong_geng_goh@nuhs.edu.sg References: Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed March 22, 2020; Zu, Z.Y., Jiang, M.D., Xu, P.P., Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a perspective from China (2020) Radiology, p. 200490; Kanne, J.P., Little, B.P., Chung, J.H., Essentials for radiologists on COVID-19: an update—Radiology Scientific Expert Panel (2020) Radiology, p. 200527. , Published Online Feb 21 2020; Kim, H., Outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19): what is the role of radiologists? (2020) Eur Radiol; Hosseiny, M., Kooraki, S., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Radiology perspective of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): lessons from severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome (2020) AJR Am J Roentgenol, pp. 1-5; Pan, F., Ye, T., Sun, P., Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Radiology 202;200370; Shi, H., Han, X., Jiang, N., Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis; Cheng, L.T., Chan, L.P., Tan, B.H., Deja vu or jamais vu? How the severe acute respiratory syndrome experience influenced a Singapore radiology department's response to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic (2020) AJR Am J Roentgenol, pp. 1-5; Hongjun Li, H.F., Yaou, L., Yuxin, S., Expert consensus on radiological examination and infection prevention for COVID-19 (first version) (2020) Chinese Journal of Academic Radiology; Kooraki, S., Hosseiny, M., Myers, L., Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: what the department of radiology should know (2020) J Am Coll Radiol; Zhang, H.W., Yu, J., Xu, H.J., Corona virus international public health emergencies: implications for radiology management (2020) Acad Radiol; MOH pandemic readiness and response plan for influenza and other acute respiratory diseases https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/diseases-updates/interim-pandemic-plan-public-ver-_april-2014.pdf, Available at: Published 2004. Revised April 2014. Accessed March 22, 2020; The national infection prevention and control guidelines for acute healthcare facilities https://www.moh.gov.sg/docs/librariesprovider5/resources-statistics/guidelines/national-infection-prevention-and-control-guidelines-for-acute-healthcare-facilities—2017.pdf, Available at: Published 2017. Accessed March 22, 2020; Jaffe, G., Moriber, N., Use of a double gloving technique to decrease cross-contamination by anesthesia Providers (2019) AANA J, 87, pp. 307-312; Rothe, C., Schunk, M., Sothmann, P., Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 970-971; Backer, J.A., Klinkenberg, D., Wallinga, J., Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20-28 January 2020 (2020) Euro Surveill, p. 25; Kwang, K., (2018), Singapore health system hit by “most serious breach of personal data” in cyberattack; PM Lee's data targeted. ChannelNewsAsia on July 20UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083663410&doi=10.1016%2fj.jacr.2020.03.027&partnerID=40&md5=9b1b33a31a32527f944c334ca349c53d PY - 2020 SN - 15461440 (ISSN) SP - 717-723 ST - Operational Strategies to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Spread in Radiology: Experience From a Singapore Radiology Department After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome T2 - Journal of the American College of Radiology TI - Operational Strategies to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Spread in Radiology: Experience From a Singapore Radiology Department After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome VL - 17 ID - 494 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Yale University School of Medicine, CT, New Haven, United States University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Goldenberg, M. N. AU - Gerkin, J. S. AU - Penaskovic, K. M. C2 - 32761314 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s40596-020-01293-y IS - 6 J2 - Acad Psychiatry KW - affect doctor patient relationship facial expression human mask nonverbal communication prevention and control psychiatry telemedicine telephone trust videoconferencing COVID-19 Humans Masks Physician-Patient Relations SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Funding text 1: On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest. PY - 2020 SN - 15457230 (ISSN) SP - 682 ST - Being Reactive: Assessing Affect in the COVID-19 Era T2 - Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry TI - Being Reactive: Assessing Affect in the COVID-19 Era UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089018680&doi=10.1007%2fs40596-020-01293-y&partnerID=40&md5=a88778db7bc1fc13edb4c2d8f892e94d VL - 44 ID - 279 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Jabotinsky Street, Petach Tikvah, Israel Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States AU - Goldstein, D. A. AU - Ratain, M. J. AU - Saltz, L. B. C2 - 32459313 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.2493 29059432; Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health. CADTH Technology Review: Optimal Use 360 Report: Dosing and Timing of Immuno-oncology Drugs, , https://www.cadth.ca/sites/default/files/ou-tr/ho0008-dosing-timing-immuno-oncology-drugs.pdf, Published online November 2019 Accessed May 19, 2020; Goldstein, D.A., Hirsch, A., A policy that encourages wastage of expensive medications - The JW modifier (2018) JAMA Oncol, 4 (2), pp. 155-156. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.3997, doi: 29222558; Lala, M., Li, M., Sinha, V., De Alwis, D., Chartash, E., Jain, L., A six-weekly (Q6W) dosing schedule for pembrolizumab based on an exposure-response (E-R) evaluation using modeling and simulation (2018) J Clin Oncol, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2018.36.15_suppl.3062, 36(15, supp):3062. doi; National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Resources for the Cancer Care Community, , https://www.nccn.org/covid-19/, Accessed May 19, 2020; Elassaiss-Schaap, J., Rossenu, S., Lindauer, A., Using model-based "learn and confirm" to reveal the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics relationship of pembrolizumab in the KEYNOTE-001 trial (2017) CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol, 6 (1), pp. 21-28. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psp4.12132, doi: 27863143; Merck Announces Fourth-quarter and Full-year 2019 Financial Results. News Release, , https://s21.q4cdn.com/488056881/files/doc_financials/2019/q4/Merck-4QFY19-Earnings-News-Release.pdf, Merck; February 5, 2020. Accessed May 19, 2020 IS - 11 J2 - JAMA Oncol. KW - pembrolizumab programmed death 1 ligand 1 coronavirus disease 2019 cost control drug approval drug cost drug dose regimen drug efficacy drug use health care cost health care policy health care system human medicaid medicare melanoma monotherapy non small cell lung cancer nonhuman Note pandemic pharmacokinetic parameters phase 3 clinical trial (topic) prescription Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 treatment indication treatment outcome LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Goldstein, D.A.; Davidoff Center, Jabotinsky Street, Israel; email: danielg3@tauex.tau.ac.il Chemicals/CAS: pembrolizumab, 1374853-91-4 Funding details: Merck Funding text 1: reported institutional research funding from Merck and personal fees from VIVIO Health. Dr Ratain reported personal fees from Aurobindo Pharma, Apotex, Ascentage Pharma, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Celltrion, Breckenridge Pharmaceutical, Par Pharmaceuticals, Roxane Laboratories, Aptevo Therapeutics, Accord Healthcare, Actavis, Amerigen Pharmaceuticals, Argentum Pharmaceuticals, BPI Labs, Belcher Pharmaceuticals, Dr Reddy’s Laboratories, Fresenius Kabi, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Hetero, Mylan, Sandoz, Pneuma Respiratory, and Shionogi; grants from AbbVie, Dicerna Pharmaceuticals, Genentech, and Xencor; and other fees from BeiGene; has a patent to US6395481B1 issued, licensed, and with royalties paid, a patent to EP1629111B1 issued, licensed, and with royalties paid, a patent to US8877723B2 issued, and a patent to US9617583B2 issued; and is director and treasurer of the Value in Cancer Care Consortium. No other disclosures were reported. PY - 2020 SN - 23742437 (ISSN) SP - 1694-1695 ST - Weight-Based Dosing of Pembrolizumab Every 6 Weeks in the Time of COVID-19 T2 - JAMA Oncology TI - Weight-Based Dosing of Pembrolizumab Every 6 Weeks in the Time of COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085762124&doi=10.1001%2fjamaoncol.2020.2493&partnerID=40&md5=dc6ed0880ead6ac95fcfff5a666db2c4 VL - 6 ID - 571 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States AU - Goodman, C. R. AU - Campbell, S. R. AU - Jeans, E. B. AU - Agarwal, A. AU - Tye, K. AU - Kahn, J. M. C2 - 32890532 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.06.039 IS - 2 J2 - Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. KW - certification clinical practice coronavirus disease 2019 Editorial employment contract health care access human leadership medical examination nonhuman overall response rate pandemic priority journal quality control radiation oncologist radiation oncology radiodiagnosis residency education Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 social distancing Betacoronavirus computer interface Coronavirus infection education health care quality social change virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Quality Assurance, Health Care Specialty Boards User-Computer Interface LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: IOBPD Correspondence Address: Kahn, J.M.; Department of Radiation Medicine, United States; email: kahnje@ohsu.edu References: ABMS and ACGME Joint Principles: Physician Training During the COVID-2019 Pandemic. American Board of Medical Specialties and American College of Graduate Medical Education https://www.abms.org/news-events/abms-and-acgme-joint-principles-physician-training-during-the-covid-2019-pandemic/, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed June 10, 2020; Letter to the American Board of Radiology from the Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology Executive Committee, April 7 2020 https://www.astro.org/ASTRO/media/ASTRO/AffiliatePages/arro/PDFs/ARROLettertoABR_Oral-Exams.pdf, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed June 10, 2020; Letter to the American Board of Radiology from the Association of Residents in Radiation Oncology Executive Committee, May 27 2020 https://www.astro.org/ASTRO/media/ASTRO/AffiliatePages/arro/PDFs/ARROLettertoABR_WrittenExams.pdf, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed June 10, 2020; Letter from the American College of Radiology to the American Board of Radiology https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/Files/RFS/ACR-Letter-to-ABR-in-support-of-RFS-YPS.pdf?la=en, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed June 12, 2020; Letter to the American Board of Radiology from the American Society for Radiation Oncology https://www.astro.org/ASTRO/media/ASTRO/AffiliatePages/arro/PDFs/ASTROLettertoABR.pdf, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed June 10, 2020; Letter to the American Board of Radiology from the Society of Chairs of Radiation Oncology Programs https://www.astro.org/ASTRO/media/ASTRO/AffiliatePages/SCAROP/PDFs/SCAROPlettertoABR.pdf, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed June 10, 2020; Coronavirus Information: June 22nd - ABR Moving to Virtual Exams. American Board of Radiology https://www.theabr.org/announcements/coronavirus-updates, Available at: Accessed; Bartley, G.B., COVID-19 and the American Board of Ophthalmology: When the Best-Laid Plans Go Awry (2020) Ophthalmology; The American Board of Surgery http://www.absurgery.org/default.jsp?news_covid19_gsqe, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed May 7, 2020; Candidate Communication Web site https://abop.org/covid19, Available at: Updated May 8, 2020. Accessed May 10, 2020; American Board of Orthopedic Surgery https://www.abos.org/2194-2/, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed June 10, 2020; 2020 Certification Exam Postponed Until October Due to COVID-19. American Board of Dermatology https://www.abderm.org/public/announcements/2020-certification-exam-postponed-until-october-due-to-covid-19.aspx, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed June 10, 2020; ABPMR Moves Part II Examination To Virtual Administrations This Fall. American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation https://www.abpmr.org/NewsCenter/Detail/part-ii-exam-virtual-2020, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed June 10, 2020; ABA Cancels June BASIC Exam, Offers August Administration. American Board of Anesthesiology http://aba-news.org/2020/04/aba-cancels-june-2020-basic-exam/, Available at: Published 2020. Accessed June 10, 2020; Zheng, J., Hundeyin, M., He, K., General surgery chief residents' perspective on surgical education during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2020) Surgery; Guss, Z.D., Chen, Q., Hu, C., Guss, L.G., DeWeese, T.L., Terezakis, S.A., Differences in Physician Compensation Between Men and Women at United States Public Academic Radiation Oncology Departments (2019) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 103, pp. 314-319; Lee, W.R., Amdur, R.J., A Call for Change in the ABR Initial Certification Examination in Radiation Oncology (2019) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 104, pp. 17-20; Jackson, V.P., Balfe, D.M., Guiberteau, M.J., Counterpoint: Why Things Are Going Right With the ABR Examinations (2016) J Am Coll Radiol, 13, pp. 1361-1362 PY - 2020 SN - 03603016 (ISSN) SP - 458-461 ST - Modernization of Board Certification in Radiation Oncology: Opportunities Following COVID-19 T2 - International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics TI - Modernization of Board Certification in Radiation Oncology: Opportunities Following COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090003742&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijrobp.2020.06.039&partnerID=40&md5=13f0d84954784269aba6160ad529b792 VL - 108 ID - 349 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics and Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University of Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Virology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands Institute of Virology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany Viroscience Lab, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands Texas A&M University-Texarkana, Texarkana, TX, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States Centre of Influenza Research & School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, National Center of Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands AU - Gorbalenya, A. E. AU - Baker, S. C. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - de Groot, R. J. AU - Drosten, C. AU - Gulyaeva, A. A. AU - Haagmans, B. L. AU - Lauber, C. AU - Leontovich, A. M. AU - Neuman, B. W. AU - Penzar, D. AU - Perlman, S. AU - Poon, L. L. M. AU - Samborskiy, D. V. AU - Sidorov, I. A. AU - Sola, I. AU - Ziebuhr, J. AU - Coronaviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of, Viruses C2 - 32123347 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41564-020-0695-z IS - 4 J2 - Nat. Microbiol. KW - Coronaviridae epidemic gene sequence human nonhuman phenotype phylogeny priority journal Review SARS-related coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus cell interaction virus classification virus identification virus nomenclature virus replication virus transmission virus virulence animal Betacoronavirus classification consensus development Coronavirus infection genetic variation genetics Nidovirales nomenclature open reading frame pandemic procedures SARS coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome virology virus genome virus pneumonia World Health Organization zoonosis Animals Coronavirus Infections Genome, Viral Humans Open Reading Frames Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral SARS Virus Terminology as Topic Zoonoses LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1832 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Gorbalenya, A.E.; Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Netherlands Funding details: 653316 Funding details: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, SFB1021 Funding text 1: Work on DEmARC advancement and coronavirus and nidovirus taxonomies was supported by the EU Horizon 2020 EVAg 653316 project and the LUMC MoBiLe program (to A.E.G.), and on coronavirus and nidovirus taxonomies by a Mercator Fellowship by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (to A.E.G.) in the context of the SFB1021 (A01 to J.Z.). References: Krammer, F., Influenza (2018) Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 4, p. 3; Zheng, D.P., Norovirus classification and proposed strain nomenclature (2006) Virology, 346, pp. 312-323; Wu, A., Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China (2020) Cell Host Microbe, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.02.001; Adams, M.J., 50 years of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: progress and prospects (2017) Arch. Virol., 162, pp. 1441-1446; Gorbalenya, A.E., Lauber, C., Siddell, S., Taxonomy of Viruses (2019) Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences, , https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.99237-7, Elsevier; Van Regenmortel, M.H., Maniloff, J., Calisher, C., The concept of virus species (1991) Arch. Virol., 120, pp. 313-314; (2018) The International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature, , https://talk.ictvonline.org/information/w/ictv-information/383/ictv-code; Masters, P.S., The molecular biology of coronaviruses (2006) Adv. Virus Res., 66, pp. 193-292; Perlman, S., Netland, J., Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis (2009) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 7, pp. 439-450; Drosten, C., Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) N. Engl. J. Med., 348, pp. 1967-1976; Ksiazek, T.G., A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) N. Engl. J. Med., 348, pp. 1953-1966; Peiris, J.S.M., Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 1319-1325; Zumla, A., Hui, D.S., Perlman, S., Middle East respiratory syndrome (2015) Lancet, 386, pp. 995-1007; Zaki, A.M., van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T.M., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., Fouchier, R.A.M., Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia (2012) N. Engl. J. Med., 367, pp. 1814-1820; Snijder, E.J., Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage (2003) J. Mol. Biol., 331, pp. 991-1004; van Boheemen, S., Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans (2012) Mbio, 3, pp. e00473-12; Siddell, S.G., Additional changes to taxonomy ratified in a special vote by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (October 2018) (2019) Arch. Virol., 164, pp. 943-946; Ziebuhr, J., (2017) Proposal 2017.013S. A.V1. Reorganization of the Family Coronaviridae into Two Families, Coronaviridae (Including the Current Subfamily Coronavirinae and the New Subfamily Letovirinae) and the New Family Tobaniviridae (Accommodating the Current Subfamily Torovirinae and Three Other Subfamilies), Revision of the Genus Rank Structure and Introduction of a New Subgenus Rank, , https://ictv.global/proposal/2017.Nidovirales/, ICTV; Ziebuhr, J., (2019) Proposal 2019.021S.Ac.v1. Create ten new species and a new genus in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae of the family Coronaviridae and five new species and a new genus in the subfamily Serpentovirinae of the family Tobaniviridae, , https://ictv.global/proposal/2019.Nidovirales/, ICTV; de Groot, R.J., (2012) Virus Taxonomy, Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, pp. 806-828. , (eds King, A. M. Q. et al.), Elsevier Academic Press; Lauber, C., Gorbalenya, A.E., Toward genetics-based virus taxonomy: comparative analysis of a genetics-based classification and the taxonomy of picornaviruses (2012) J. Virol., 86, pp. 3905-3915; Van Regenmortel, M.H.V., The species problem in virology (2018) Adv. Virus Res., 100, pp. 1-18; Lauber, C., Gorbalenya, A.E., Partitioning the genetic diversity of a virus family: approach and evaluation through a case study of picornaviruses (2012) J. Virol., 86, pp. 3890-3904; Lauber, C., Mesoniviridae: a new family in the order Nidovirales formed by a single species of mosquito-borne viruses (2012) Arch. Virol., 157, pp. 1623-1628; Lu, R., Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 565-574; Zhou, P., Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7; Zhu, N., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733; de Groot, R.J., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group (2013) J. Virol., 87, pp. 7790-7792; Gorbalenya, A.E., Snijder, E.J., Spaan, W.J., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus phylogeny: toward consensus (2004) J. Virol., 78, pp. 7863-7866; Gorbalenya, A.E., The new scope of virus taxonomy: Partitioning the virosphere into 15 hierarchical ranks Nat. Microbiol, , in the press; Huang, C., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Kui, L., Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province (2020) Chin. Med. J, , https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000744; Li, Q., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., , https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001316; Liu, Y., Gayle, A.A., Wilder-Smith, A., Rocklov, J., The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus (2020) J. Travel Med, , https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa021; Tang, B., Estimation of the transmission risk of the 2019-nCoV and its implication for public health interventions (2020) J. Clin. Med., 9, p. 462; (2020), https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200211-sitrep-22-ncov.pdf, World Health Organization; (2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019, World Health Organization; (2015) World Health Organization Best Practices for the Naming of New Human Infectious Diseases, , https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/163636, World Health Organization; Cavanagh, D., A nomenclature for avian coronavirus isolates and the question of species status (2001) Avian Pathol., 30, pp. 109-115; Kuhn, J.H., Virus nomenclature below the species level: a standardized nomenclature for natural variants of viruses assigned to the family Filoviridae (2013) Arch. Virol., 158, pp. 301-311; Forni, D., Cagliani, R., Clerici, M., Sironi, M., Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes (2017) Trends Microbiol., 25, pp. 35-48; Nijhuis, R.H.T., PCR assays for detection of human astroviruses: In silico evaluation and design, and in vitro application to samples collected from patients in the Netherlands (2018) J. Clin. Virol., 108, pp. 83-89; Siddell, S.G., Binomial nomenclature for virus species: a consultation (2020) Arch. Virol., 165, pp. 519-525; Gorbalenya, A.E., Practical application of bioinformatics by the multidisciplinary VIZIER consortium (2010) Antiviral Res., 87, pp. 95-110; Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A., Minh, B.Q., IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies (2015) Mol. Biol. Evol., 32, pp. 268-274; Rivers, T.M., Filterable viruses: a critical review (1927) J. Bacteriol., 14, pp. 217-258; Carroll, D., The global virome project (2018) Science, 359, pp. 872-874; Zhang, Y.-Z., Chen, Y.-M., Wang, W., Qin, X.-C., Holmes, E.C., Expanding the RNA virosphere by unbiased metagenomics (2019) Annu. Rev. Virol., 6, pp. 119-139; (2018), World Health Organization; Corman, V.M., Muth, D., Niemeyer, D., Drosten, C., Hosts and sources of endemic human coronaviruses (2018) Adv. Virus Res., 100, pp. 163-188; González, J.M., Gomez-Puertas, P., Cavanagh, D., Gorbalenya, A.E., Enjuanes, L., A comparative sequence analysis to revise the current taxonomy of the family Coronaviridae (2003) Arch. Virol., 148, pp. 2207-2235; Saberi, A., Gulyaeva, A.A., Brubacher, J.L., Newmark, P.A., Gorbalenya, A.E., A planarian nidovirus expands the limits of RNA genome size (2018) PLoS Pathog., 14; Lai, M.M.C., Recombination in large RNA viruses: Coronaviruses (1996) Semin. Virol., 7, pp. 381-388; Luk, H.K.H., Li, X., Fung, J., Lau, S.K.P., Woo, P.C.Y., Molecular epidemiology, evolution and phylogeny of SARS coronavirus (2019) Infect. Genet. Evol., 71, pp. 21-30; Tao, Y., Surveillance of bat coronaviruses in Kenya identifies relatives of human coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and their recombination history (2017) J. Virol., 91, pp. e01953-e1916; Tao, Y., Tong, S.X., Complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus from Kenyan bats (2019) Microbiol. Resour. Ann., 8, pp. e00548-e519; Hu, B., Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus (2017) PLoS Pathog., 13; Holmes, E.C., Rambaut, A., Viral evolution and the emergence of SARS coronavirus (2004) Philos. T. R. Soc. B, 359, pp. 1059-1065; Hon, C.C., Evidence of the recombinant origin of a bat severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus and its implications on the direct ancestor of SARS coronavirus (2008) J. Virol., 82, pp. 1819-1826 PY - 2020 SN - 20585276 (ISSN) SP - 536-544 ST - The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 T2 - Nature Microbiology TI - The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082561475&doi=10.1038%2fs41564-020-0695-z&partnerID=40&md5=e936cafbf9bb740e00087fa694e421ed VL - 5 ID - 519 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A newly described coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected over 2.3 million people, led to the death of more than 160,000 individuals and caused worldwide social and economic disruption1,2. There are no antiviral drugs with proven clinical efficacy for the treatment of COVID-19, nor are there any vaccines that prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2, and efforts to develop drugs and vaccines are hampered by the limited knowledge of the molecular details of how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells. Here we cloned, tagged and expressed 26 of the 29 SARS-CoV-2 proteins in human cells and identified the human proteins that physically associated with each of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins using affinity-purification mass spectrometry, identifying 332 high-confidence protein–protein interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins. Among these, we identify 66 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by 69 compounds (of which, 29 drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 12 are in clinical trials and 28 are preclinical compounds). We screened a subset of these in multiple viral assays and found two sets of pharmacological agents that displayed antiviral activity: inhibitors of mRNA translation and predicted regulators of the sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors. Further studies of these host-factor-targeting agents, including their combination with drugs that directly target viral enzymes, could lead to a therapeutic regimen to treat COVID-19. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. AD - QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, United States Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Zoic Labs, Culver City, CA, United States Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States Direction Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States AU - Gordon, D. E. AU - Jang, G. M. AU - Bouhaddou, M. AU - Xu, J. AU - Obernier, K. AU - White, K. M. AU - O’Meara, M. J. AU - Rezelj, V. V. AU - Guo, J. Z. AU - Swaney, D. L. AU - Tummino, T. A. AU - Hüttenhain, R. AU - Kaake, R. M. AU - Richards, A. L. AU - Tutuncuoglu, B. AU - Foussard, H. AU - Batra, J. AU - Haas, K. AU - Modak, M. AU - Kim, M. AU - Haas, P. AU - Polacco, B. J. AU - Braberg, H. AU - Fabius, J. M. AU - Eckhardt, M. AU - Soucheray, M. AU - Bennett, M. J. AU - Cakir, M. AU - McGregor, M. J. AU - Li, Q. AU - Meyer, B. AU - Roesch, F. AU - Vallet, T. AU - Mac Kain, A. AU - Miorin, L. AU - Moreno, E. AU - Naing, Z. Z. C. AU - Zhou, Y. AU - Peng, S. AU - Shi, Y. AU - Zhang, Z. AU - Shen, W. AU - Kirby, I. T. AU - Melnyk, J. E. AU - Chorba, J. S. AU - Lou, K. AU - Dai, S. A. AU - Barrio-Hernandez, I. AU - Memon, D. AU - Hernandez-Armenta, C. AU - Lyu, J. AU - Mathy, C. J. P. AU - Perica, T. AU - Pilla, K. B. AU - Ganesan, S. J. AU - Saltzberg, D. J. AU - Rakesh, R. AU - Liu, X. AU - Rosenthal, S. B. AU - Calviello, L. AU - Venkataramanan, S. AU - Liboy-Lugo, J. AU - Lin, Y. AU - Huang, X. P. AU - Liu, Y. F. AU - Wankowicz, S. A. AU - Bohn, M. AU - Safari, M. AU - Ugur, F. S. AU - Koh, C. AU - Savar, N. S. AU - Tran, Q. D. AU - Shengjuler, D. AU - Fletcher, S. J. AU - O’Neal, M. C. AU - Cai, Y. AU - Chang, J. C. J. AU - Broadhurst, D. J. AU - Klippsten, S. AU - Sharp, P. P. AU - Wenzell, N. A. AU - Kuzuoglu-Ozturk, D. AU - Wang, H. Y. AU - Trenker, R. AU - Young, J. M. AU - Cavero, D. A. AU - Hiatt, J. AU - Roth, T. L. AU - Rathore, U. AU - Subramanian, A. AU - Noack, J. AU - Hubert, M. AU - Stroud, R. M. AU - Frankel, A. D. AU - Rosenberg, O. S. AU - Verba, K. A. AU - Agard, D. A. AU - Ott, M. AU - Emerman, M. AU - Jura, N. AU - von Zastrow, M. AU - Verdin, E. AU - Ashworth, A. AU - Schwartz, O. AU - d’Enfert, C. AU - Mukherjee, S. AU - Jacobson, M. AU - Malik, H. S. AU - Fujimori, D. G. AU - Ideker, T. AU - Craik, C. S. AU - Floor, S. N. AU - Fraser, J. S. AU - Gross, J. D. AU - Sali, A. AU - Roth, B. L. AU - Ruggero, D. AU - Taunton, J. AU - Kortemme, T. AU - Beltrao, P. AU - Vignuzzi, M. AU - García-Sastre, A. AU - Shokat, K. M. AU - Shoichet, B. K. AU - Krogan, N. J. C2 - 32353859 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41586-020-2286-9 IS - 7816 J2 - Nature KW - 1 cyclohexyl 4 [3 (1,2,3,4 tetrahydro 5 methoxy 1 naphthyl)propyl]piperazine antihistaminic agent antivirus agent bromodomain protein clemastine cloperastine cullin haloperidol hydroxychloroquine messenger RNA pd 144418 progesterone ps 3061 sigma 1 opiate receptor sigma 2 opiate receptor siramesine ternatin 4 unclassified drug viral protein virus enzyme zotatifin protein binding sigma opiate receptor ubiquitin protein ligase alternative agriculture antimicrobial activity cell drug development protein RNA viral disease virus antiviral activity Article binding affinity controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug identification drug repositioning drug screening drug targeting human human cell IC50 innate immunity mass spectrometry molecular cloning nonhuman priority journal protein analysis protein expression protein protein interaction protein purification RNA translation Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 animal Betacoronavirus Chlorocebus aethiops classification Coronavirus infection drug effect genetics HEK293 cell line host pathogen interaction immunology metabolism molecularly targeted therapy pandemic pathogenicity preclinical study protein domain protein synthesis Vero cell line virology virus pneumonia Coronavirus SARS coronavirus Animals Antiviral Agents Cloning, Molecular Coronavirus Infections Drug Evaluation, Preclinical HEK293 Cells Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Immunity, Innate Molecular Targeted Therapy Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Protein Biosynthesis Protein Domains Protein Interaction Mapping Protein Interaction Maps Receptors, sigma SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases Vero Cells Viral Proteins LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :783 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NATUA Correspondence Address: Shokat, K.M.; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG)United States; email: Kevan.Shokat@ucsf.edu Correspondence Address: Shoichet, B.K.; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG)United States; email: shoichet@cgl.ucsf.edu Correspondence Address: Krogan, N.J.; QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG)United States; email: nevan.krogan@ucsf.edu Correspondence Address: García-Sastre, A.; Department of Microbiology, United States; email: Adolfo.Garcia-Sastre@mssm.edu Correspondence Address: Vignuzzi, M.; Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, France; email: marco.vignuzzi@pasteur.fr Chemicals/CAS: 1 cyclohexyl 4 [3 (1,2,3,4 tetrahydro 5 methoxy 1 naphthyl)propyl]piperazine, 172906-90-0, 172907-03-8; clemastine, 15686-51-8; haloperidol, 52-86-8, 1511-16-6; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; progesterone, 57-83-0; siramesine, 147817-50-3; zotatifin, 2098191-53-6; ubiquitin protein ligase, 134549-57-8; Antiviral Agents; Receptors, sigma; SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; Viral Proteins Tradenames: pb 28; pd 144418; ps 3061 References: Wu, F., A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXksFKlsLc%3D, PID: 7094943; (2020) Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Situation Reports, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports; Wang, C., Horby, P.W., Hayden, F.G., Gao, G.F., A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 470-473. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXnsVaisLg%3D, PID: 31986257; Zhu, N., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjslGmsrc%3D, PID: 31978945; Su, S., Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses (2016) Trends Microbiol., 24, pp. 490-502. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XksVWmsbc%3D, PID: 27012512; Gates, B., Responding to Covid-19 — a once-in-a-century pandemic? (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1677-1679. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXovVSjsbg%3D, PID: 32109012; Sheahan, T.P., Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV (2020) Nat. Commun., 11. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFeisr0%3D, PID: 31924756; Sheahan, T.P., An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice (2020) Sci. Transl. Med., 12, p. eabb5883. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXotl2qtrg%3D, PID: 32253226; Paton, J., (2020) Moderna’s Coronavirus Vaccine Trial Set to Begin This Month, , Bloomberg News, 6 March; Hoffmann, M., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXktl2qtb8%3D, PID: 7102627; Prussia, A., Thepchatri, P., Snyder, J.P., Plemper, R.K., Systematic approaches towards the development of host-directed antiviral therapeutics (2011) Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12, pp. 4027-4052. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXotVKltrg%3D, PID: 21747723; Chan, J.F.-W., Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan (2020) Emerg. Microbes Infect., 9, pp. 221-236. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXotFOktLg%3D, PID: 31987001; Fehr, A.R., Perlman, S., Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis (2015) Methods Mol. Biol., 1282, pp. 1-23. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xls12ksL8%3D, PID: 25720466; Teo, G., SAINTexpress: improvements and additional features in Significance Analysis of INTeractome software (2014) J. Proteomics, 100, pp. 37-43. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhslOjsL3M, PID: 24513533; Jäger, S., Global landscape of HIV–human protein complexes (2012) Nature, 481, pp. 365-370; Bojkova, D., Proteomics of SARS-CoV-2-infected host cells reveals therapy targets (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2332-7; Eckhardt, M., Hultquist, J.F., Kaake, R.M., Hüttenhain, R., Krogan, N.J., A systems approach to infectious disease (2020) Nat. Rev. Genet., 21, pp. 339-354. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjtlamtLY%3D, PID: 32060427; Harcourt, J., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from patient with coronavirus disease, United States (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26, pp. 1266-1273. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlarurvN, PID: 32160149; Wang, D., A deep proteome and transcriptome abundance atlas of 29 healthy human tissues (2019) Mol. Syst. Biol., 15. , PID: 30777892; Li, M., Identification of antiviral roles for the exon-junction complex and nonsense-mediated decay in flaviviral infection (2019) Nat. Microbiol., 4, pp. 985-995. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXmsV2ju7o%3D, PID: 30833725; Penn, B.H., An Mtb-human protein–protein interaction map identifies a switch between host antiviral and antibacterial responses (2018) Mol. Cell, 71, pp. 637-648. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhsFCjsr7J, PID: 30118682; Barnes, P.J., Role of HDAC2 in the pathophysiology of COPD (2009) Annu. Rev. Physiol., 71, pp. 451-464. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjsValtrw%3D, PID: 18817512; Xu, P., NOS1 inhibits the interferon response of cancer cells by S-nitrosylation of HDAC2 (2019) J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res., 38, p. 483. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitl2ltrzM, PID: 31805977; Dewe, J.M., Fuller, B.L., Lentini, J.M., Kellner, S.M., Fu, D., TRMT1-catalyzed tRNA modifications are required for redox homeostasis to ensure proper cellular proliferation and oxidative stress survival (2017) Mol. Cell. Biol., 37, pp. e00214-e217. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXjt1Whs7k%3D, PID: 28784718; Kondo, T., Watanabe, M., Hatakeyama, S., TRIM59 interacts with ECSIT and negatively regulates NF-κB and IRF-3/7-mediated signal pathways (2012) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 422, pp. 501-507. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XotVensrc%3D, PID: 22588174; Li, S., Wang, L., Berman, M., Kong, Y.-Y., Dorf, M.E., Mapping a dynamic innate immunity protein interaction network regulating type I interferon production (2011) Immunity, 35, pp. 426-440. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXht1WmurjN, PID: 21903422; Faria, P.A., VSV disrupts the Rae1/mrnp41 mRNA nuclear export pathway (2005) Mol. Cell, 17, pp. 93-102. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmtlGqtA%3D%3D, PID: 15629720; Slaine, P.D., Kleer, M., Smith, N.K., Khaperskyy, D.A., McCormick, C., Stress granule-inducing eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A inhibitors block influenza A virus replication (2017) Viruses, 9, p. 388; Reineke, L.C., Casein kinase 2 is linked to stress granule dynamics through phosphorylation of the stress granule nucleating protein G3BP1 (2017) Mol. Cell. Biol., 37, pp. e00596-e516. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXpslOisbY%3D, PID: 27920254; Kindrachuk, J., Antiviral potential of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling modulation for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection as identified by temporal kinome analysis (2015) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 59, pp. 1088-1099. , PID: 25487801; Timms, R.T., A glycine-specific N-degron pathway mediates the quality control of protein N-myristoylation (2019) Science, 365, p. eaaw4912. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhtlWjtbbN, PID: 31273098; Quan, B., Seo, H.-S., Blobel, G., Ren, Y., Vesiculoviral matrix (M) protein occupies nucleic acid binding site at nucleoporin pair (Rae1•Nup98) (2014) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. 9127-9132. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXpsValsL4%3D, PID: 24927547; Frieman, M., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF6 antagonizes STAT1 function by sequestering nuclear import factors on the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi membrane (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 9812-9824. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVeht7bM, PID: 17596301; Nakagawa, K., Narayanan, K., Wada, M., Makino, S., Inhibition of stress granule formation by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus 4a accessory protein facilitates viral translation, leading to efficient virus replication (2018) J. Virol., 92, pp. e00902-e918. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXitlWrsb3E, PID: 30068649; Raaben, M., Groot Koerkamp, M.J.A., Rottier, P.J.M., de Haan, C.A.M., Mouse hepatitis coronavirus replication induces host translational shutoff and mRNA decay, with concomitant formation of stress granules and processing bodies (2007) Cell. Microbiol., 9, pp. 2218-2229. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtVSqt7rJ, PID: 17490409; Ivanov, P., Kedersha, N., Anderson, P., Stress granules and processing bodies in translational control (2019) Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 11, p. a032813. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXisVahs7vF, PID: 30082464; Thompson, P.A., Abstract 2698: eFT226, a potent and selective inhibitor of eIF4A, is efficacious in preclinical models of lymphoma (2019) Cancer Res., 79, p. 2698; Nakagawa, K., Lokugamage, K.G., Makino, S., Viral and cellular mRNA translation in coronavirus-infected cells (2016) Adv. Virus Res., 96, pp. 165-192. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC2svnvFSjtA%3D%3D, PID: 27712623; Müller, C., Broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the eIF4A inhibitor silvestrol against corona- and picornaviruses (2018) Antiviral Res., 150, pp. 123-129. , PID: 29258862; Cencic, R., Blocking eIF4E–eIF4G interaction as a strategy to impair coronavirus replication (2011) J. Virol., 85, pp. 6381-6389. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXotFOntbY%3D, PID: 21507972; Knoops, K., SARS-coronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modified endoplasmic reticulum (2008) PLoS Biol., 6. , PID: 18798692; Shah, P.S., Comparative flavivirus–host protein interaction mapping reveals mechanisms of dengue and Zika virus pathogenesis (2018) Cell, 175, pp. 1931-1945. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXisFWqtrvI, PID: 30550790; Heaton, N.S., Targeting viral proteostasis limits influenza virus, HIV, and dengue virus infection (2016) Immunity, 44, pp. 46-58. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtFOrsL4%3D, PID: 26789921; Mahon, C., Krogan, N.J., Craik, C.S., Pick, E., Cullin E3 ligases and their rewiring by viral factors (2014) Biomolecules, 4, pp. 897-930. , PID: 25314029; Soucy, T.A., An inhibitor of NEDD8-activating enzyme as a new approach to treat cancer (2009) Nature, 458, pp. 732-736. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXksVenu7Y%3D, PID: 19360080; Faivre, E.J., Selective inhibition of the BD2 bromodomain of BET proteins in prostate cancer (2020) Nature, 578, pp. 306-310. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXis1Smsr0%3D, PID: 31969702; Filippakopoulos, P., Histone recognition and large-scale structural analysis of the human bromodomain family (2012) Cell, 149, pp. 214-231. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XltVamurs%3D, PID: 3326523; Marazzi, I., Suppression of the antiviral response by an influenza histone mimic (2012) Nature, 483, pp. 428-433. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XjslersLY%3D, PID: 22419161; Carelli, J.D., Ternatin and improved synthetic variants kill cancer cells by targeting the elongation factor-1A ternary complex (2015) eLife, 4. , PID: 26651998; Spicka, I., Randomized phase III study (ADMYRE) of plitidepsin in combination with dexamethasone vs. dexamethasone alone in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (2019) Ann. Hematol., 98, pp. 2139-2150. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXht1KktrnE, PID: 31240472; Mitsuda, T., Sigma-1Rs are upregulated via PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 pathway and execute protective function in ER stress (2011) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 415, pp. 519-525. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsFeju7jL, PID: 22079628; Si, L., (2020) Human Organs-On-Chips as Tools for Repurposing Approved Drugs as Potential Influenza and COVID19 Therapeutics in Viral Pandemics, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.13.039917v1, Preprint at; Riva, L., (2020) A Large-Scale Drug Repositioning Survey for Sars-Cov-2 Antivirals, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.16.044016v1, Preprint at; White, N.J., Cardiotoxicity of antimalarial drugs (2007) Lancet Infect. Dis., 7, pp. 549-558. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXpsF2rsLc%3D, PID: 17646028; Armstrong, J.F., The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to pharmacology in 2020: extending immunopharmacology content and introducing the IUPHAR/MMV Guide to malaria pharmacology (2020) Nucleic Acids Res., 48, pp. D1006-D1021. , PID: 31691834; Yang, D., Leibowitz, J.L., The structure and functions of coronavirus genomic 3′ and 5′ ends (2015) Virus Res., 206, pp. 120-133. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXjvVGju7s%3D, PID: 25736566; Yang, H., The crystal structures of severe acute respiratory syndrome virus main protease and its complex with an inhibitor (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 100, pp. 13190-13195. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptFOju7s%3D, PID: 14585926; Thiel, V., Mechanisms and enzymes involved in SARS coronavirus genome expression (2003) J. Gen. Virol., 84, pp. 2305-2315. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntFaqsb4%3D, PID: 12917450; Xie, Y., GPS-Lipid: a robust tool for the prediction of multiple lipid modification sites (2016) Sci. Rep., 6. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtVahsb3L, PID: 27306108; Ren, J., CSS-Palm 2.0: an updated software for palmitoylation sites prediction (2008) Protein Eng. Des. Sel., 21, pp. 639-644. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1Kgsr7N, PID: 18753194; Krogh, A., Larsson, B., von Heijne, G., Sonnhammer, E.L., Predicting transmembrane protein topology with a hidden Markov model: application to complete genomes (2001) J. Mol. Biol., 305, pp. 567-580. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXisFCguw%3D%3D, PID: 11152613; Almagro Armenteros, J.J., SignalP 5.0 improves signal peptide predictions using deep neural networks (2019) Nat. Biotechnol., 37, pp. 420-423. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXosV2qs78%3D, PID: 30778233; Chiva, C., QCloud: a cloud-based quality control system for mass spectrometry-based proteomics laboratories (2018) PLoS ONE, 13. , PID: 29324744; Cox, J., Mann, M., MaxQuant enables high peptide identification rates, individualized p.p.b.-range mass accuracies and proteome-wide protein quantification (2008) Nat. Biotechnol., 26, pp. 1367-1372. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVWjtLzJ, PID: 19029910; Cox, J., Accurate proteome-wide label-free quantification by delayed normalization and maximal peptide ratio extraction, termed MaxLFQ (2014) Mol. Cell. Proteomics, 13, pp. 2513-2526. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsVynurrI, PID: 24942700; Verschueren, E., Scoring large-scale affinity purification mass spectrometry datasets with MiST (2015) Curr. Protoc. Bioinformatics, 49, pp. 8.19.1-8.19.16; Giurgiu, M., CORUM: the comprehensive resource of mammalian protein complexes—2019 (2019) Nucleic Acids Res., 47, pp. D559-D563. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhs1Cgt7zM, PID: 30357367; Shannon, P., Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks (2003) Genome Res., 13, pp. 2498-2504. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXovFWrtr4%3D, PID: 403769; Huttlin, E.L., The BioPlex Network: a systematic exploration of the human interactome (2015) Cell, 162, pp. 425-440. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXht1KgtL3I, PID: 26186194; Vizcaíno, J.A., ProteomeXchange provides globally coordinated proteomics data submission and dissemination (2014) Nat. Biotechnol., 32, pp. 223-226. , PID: 24727771; Deutsch, E.W., The ProteomeXchange consortium in 2017: supporting the cultural change in proteomics public data deposition (2017) Nucleic Acids Res., 45, pp. D1100-D1106. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhslWhs7o%3D, PID: 27924013; Chaudhury, S., Lyskov, S., Gray, J.J., PyRosetta: a script-based interface for implementing molecular modeling algorithms using Rosetta (2010) Bioinformatics, 26, pp. 689-691. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXis1Wnt70%3D, PID: 20061306; Joosten, R.P., Long, F., Murshudov, G.N., Perrakis, A., The PDB_REDO server for macromolecular structure model optimization (2014) IUCrJ, 1, pp. 213-220. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhtV2jsrnJ, PID: 25075342; Drozdetskiy, A., Cole, C., Procter, J., Barton, G.J., JPred4: a protein secondary structure prediction server (2015) Nucleic Acids Res., 43, pp. W389-W394. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtVymtbjO, PID: 25883141; Sievers, F., Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega (2011) Mol. Syst. Biol., 7, p. 539. , PID: 3261699; Gaulton, A., The ChEMBL database in 2017 (2017) Nucleic Acids Res., 45, pp. D945-D954. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhslWhurs%3D, PID: 27899562; Sterling, T., Irwin, J.J., ZINC 15—ligand discovery for everyone (2015) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 55, pp. 2324-2337. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhs1OhurbF, PID: 26479676; Schmidt, H.R., Betz, R.M., Dror, R.O., Kruse, A.C., Structural basis for σ1 receptor ligand recognition (2018) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 25, pp. 981-987. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhvVOjsbvM, PID: 30291362; Mysinger, M.M., Shoichet, B.K., Rapid context-dependent ligand desolvation in molecular docking (2010) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 50, pp. 1561-1573. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtVGrsLvI, PID: 20735049; Reed, L.J., Muench, H., A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints (1938) Am. J. Hyg, 27, pp. 493-497; Chu, D.K.W., Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia (2020) Clin. Chem., 66, pp. 549-555. , PID: 32031583; Huang, X.-P., Mangano, T., Hufeisen, S., Setola, V., Roth, B.L., Identification of human Ether-à-go-go related gene modulators by three screening platforms in an academic drug-discovery setting (2010) Assay Drug Dev. Technol., 8, pp. 727-742. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFOjsLrF, PID: 21158687; Besnard, J., Automated design of ligands to polypharmacological profiles (2012) Nature, 492, pp. 215-220. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVamurfN, PID: 23235874; Jimenez-Morales, D., Rosa Campos, A., von Dollen, J., Krogan, N.J., Swaney, D.L., (2020) Artms: Analytical R Tools for Mass Spectrometry, , http://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/artMS.html, R package version 1.6.5; El-Gebali, S., The Pfam protein families database in 2019 (2019) Nucleic Acids Res., 47, pp. D427-D432. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhs1Cgt7rE, PID: 30357350 PY - 2020 SN - 00280836 (ISSN) SP - 459-468 ST - A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing T2 - Nature TI - A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084204261&doi=10.1038%2fs41586-020-2286-9&partnerID=40&md5=bac0afd902e470c41bc8be040a515b84 VL - 583 ID - 444 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Georgetown Law, Washington, DC, 20001, United States O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Washington, DC, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Gostin, L. O. AU - Daniely, T. AU - Huffstetler, H. E. AU - Williams, C. R. AU - Meier, B. M. C2 - 32827452 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30182-1 IS - 9 J2 - Lancet Public Health KW - coronavirus disease 2019 health care policy health program human human rights Note physical well-being priority journal psychological well-being public health public health service shibboleth social belief social justice Humans LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 References: Gostin, L.O., Sirleaf, M.V.S., Friedman, E.A., Global health law: legal foundations for social justice in public health (2020) Foundations of global health and human rights, pp. 45-66. , LO Gostin BM Meier Oxford University Press New York City, NY; Gostin, L.O., Meier, B.M., Thomas, R., Magar, V., Ghebreyesus, T.A., 70 years of human rights in global health: drawing on a contentious past to secure a hopeful future (2019) Lancet, 392, pp. 2731-2735; MacNaughton, G., Duger, A., Translating international law into domestic law, policy, and practice (2020) Foundations of global health and human rights, pp. 113-132. , LO Gostin BM Meier Oxford University Press New York City, NY; Meier, B.M., Huffstetler, H., Bueno de Mesquita, J., Monitoring and review to assess human rights implementation (2020) Foundations of global health and human rights, pp. 155-176. , LO Gostin BM Meier Oxford University Press New York City, NY; Amon, J.J., Friedman, E., Human rights advocacy in global health (2020) Foundations of global health and human rights, pp. 133-154. , LO Gostin BM Meier Oxford University Press New York City, NY; Pūras, D., Bueno de Mesquita, J., Cabal, L., Maleche, A., Meier, B.M., The right to health must guide responses to COVID-19 (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1888-1890; Gostin, L.O., Constantin, A., Meier, B.M., Global health and human rights in the age of populism (2020) Foundations of global health and human rights, pp. 439-458. , LO Gostin BM Meier Oxford University Press New York City, NY; Meier, B.M., Evans, D.P., Kavanagh, M.M., Keralis, J.M., Armas-Cardona, G., Human rights in public health: deepening engagement at a critical time (2018) Health Hum Rights, 20, pp. 85-91 PY - 2020 SN - 24682667 (ISSN) SP - e471-e472 ST - The shibboleth of human rights in public health T2 - The Lancet Public Health TI - The shibboleth of human rights in public health UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089998947&doi=10.1016%2fS2468-2667%2820%2930182-1&partnerID=40&md5=92474631ececefc19367150480372181 VL - 5 ID - 382 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Georgetown University, United States Osgoode Hall Law School, York University, Canada University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Gostin, L. O. AU - Habibi, R. AU - Meier, B. M. C2 - 32631189 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/1073110520935354 IS - 2 J2 - J. Law Med. Ethics KW - Betacoronavirus communicable disease control Coronavirus infection forecasting global health human legislation and jurisprudence pandemic public health service virus pneumonia World Health Organization Coronavirus Infections Humans International Health Regulations Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Public Health Administration LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 References: Gostin, L.O., Meier, B.M., Gostin, L.O., Introducing Global Health Law (2019) Global Health Law, 47 (4), pp. 788-793. , Harvard University Press, 2014, and, no., (,):, -, See also; Fidler, D.P., Germs, Governance, and Global Public Health in the Wake of SARS (2004) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 113 (6), pp. 799-804. , no; Gostin, L.O., Ayala, A.S., Global Health Security in an Era of Explosive Pandemic Potential (2017) Journal of National Security Law & Policy, 9 (1), pp. 53-80. , and, no; (2005), (Geneva: World Health Organization, art. 1 [hereinafter IHR; Annex 2; Fidler, D.P., Gostin, L.O., The New International Health Regulations: An Historic Development for International Law and Public Health (2006) Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 34 (1), pp. 85-94. , IHR, art. 12;, and, no; art. 4; Negri, S., (2018) Communicable Disease Control, in Research Handbook on Global Health Law, pp. 265-302. , IHR, art. 3(1). See also; Meier, B.M., Evans, D.P., Phelan, A., Rights-Based Approaches to Preventing, Detecting, and Responding to Infectious Disease (2020) Infectious Diseases in the New Millennium: Legal and Ethical Challenges, pp. 217-253. , IHR, art. 43; Gostin, L.O., Katz, R., The International Health Regulations: The Governing Framework for Global Health Security (2016) Milbank Quarterly, 94 (2), pp. 264-313. , IHR, art. 44; See also, and, no; (2005) Monitoring and Evaluation framework: Joint External Evaluation Tool, , WHO, 2018; Meier, B.M., Tureski, K., Bockh, E., Carr, D., Ayala, A., Roberts, A., Cloud, L., Burris, S., Examining National Public Health Law to Realize the Global Health Security Agenda (2017) Medical Law Review, 25 (2), pp. 240-269. , and, no; Huang, C., Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10223), pp. 497-506. , no; Yuan, L., China Silences Critics Over Deadly Virus Outbreak,” “Grim Reapers: How Trump and Xi set the Stage for the Coronavirus Pandemic,” “China's Old Habits Delayed Fight (2020) China: Protect Human Rights While Combatting Coronavirus Outbreak, , https://www.nchrd.org/2020/01/china-protect-human-rights-while-combatting-coronavirus-outbreak/, (last visited April 4, 2020); L., Garrett, “Grim Reapers: How Trump and Xi set the Stage for the Coronavirus Pandemic,” The New Republic, April 2, 2020, available at (last visited April 4, 2020); C., Buckley and S. L., Myers, “China's Old Habits Delayed Fight,” New York Times, February 1, 2020, available at (last visited April 4, 2020); Chinese Human Rights Defenders, China: Protect Human Rights While Combatting Coronavirus Outbreak (2020), available at (last visited April 5, 2020); Art 9(1); Ratcliffe, R., Standaert, M., China Coronavirus: Mayor of Wuhan Admits Mistakes (2020) The Guardian, , https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/jan/27/china-coronaviruswho-to-hold-special-meeting-in-beijing-as-death-toll-jumps, January, 27, IHR, Art. 6(2);, and, <, >; Kavanagh, M.M., Authoritarianism, Outbreaks, and Information Politics (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5 (3), pp. E135-E136. , no; (2020), January 23, 2020; Eccleston-Turner, M., COVID-19 Symposium: The Declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in International Law (2020) Opinion Juris, , http://opiniojuris.org/2020/03/31/covid-19-symposium-the-declaration-of-a-public-health-emergency-of-international-concern-in-international-law/, IHR, art. 12;, <, >; Ghebreyesus, T.A., (2020) WHO Director-General's Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020,, , https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020, World Health Organization, <, >; Horton, The Politics of PHEIC,” “The International Health Regulations: The Governing Framework for Global Health Security (2019) Mil-bank Quarterly, 94, pp. 264-313. , 2016, (,):; (2014), SC Res. 2177, paras. 3-4 (Sept. 18; IHR, art 43(1)-(2); IHR, art 43(3; Habibi, R., Do Not Violate the International Health Regulations During the COVID-19 Outbreak,” “Travel Restrictions Violate International Law,” Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation Report – 67 (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1436-1666. , https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200327-sitrep-67-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=b65f68eb_4, B. Mason, Meier, R., Habibi, and Y. T., Yang, “Travel Restrictions Violate International Law,” Science 367 (2020): 1436-1436;Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Situation Report – 67, WHO, available at (last visited May 15, 2020); One Third of Humanity Under Virus Lockdown (2020) Agence France Presse, , https://www.afp.com/en/news/15/one-third-humanity-under-virus-lockdown-doc-1q57be16, March, 25, <, >; (2020) Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), , World Health Organization, Geneva; Ghebreyesus, T.A., (2020) WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 — 11 March 2020,, , https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19—11-march-2020, World Health Organization, <, >; Lai, S., (2020) Effect of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for Containing the COVID-19 Outbreak in China, , medRxiv 2020.03.03.20029843; Pūras, D., The Right to Health Must Guide Responses to COVID-19 Lancet, , (forthcoming; IHR, art. 44; Farmer, P., Mukherjee, J., Ebola's Front Lines (2014) Boston Globe, , https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/09/23/responding-ebola-countries-need-staff-stuff-space-and-systems/ugSFK-kOw9S7Ser0p8PGeOK/story.html, September, 24, and, <, >; Guterres, A., (2020) Secretary-General's Opening Remarks at Virtual Press Encounter on COVID-19 Crisis,, , https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2020-03-19/remarks-virtual-press-encounter-covid-19-crisis, United Nations Secretary-General, <, >; The UN Security Council declared for the first time that a public health issue was a threat to international peace and security in Resolution 2177, referring to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. It is expected to issue a similar resolution on the COVID-19 pandemic in early April 2020; Gostin, L.O., Katz, R., The International Health Regulations: The Governing Framework for Global Health Security (2016) in Global Management of Infectious Disease After Ebola, pp. 101-132. , and; Eccleston-Turner, M., Kamradt-Scott, A., Transparency in IHR Emergency Committee Decision Making: The Case for Reform (2019) BMJ Global Health, 4, p. e001618. , and; Green, M.S., Did the Hesitancy in Declaring COVID-19 a Pandemic Reflect a Need to Redefine the Term? (2020) Lancet, pp. 1034-1035; Moon, S., Will Ebola Change the Game? Ten Essential Reforms Before the Next Pandemic. The Report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola (2015) The Lancet, 386, pp. 2204-2221. , http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA68/A68_22Add1-en.pdf, WHO, Implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005): Report of the Review Committee on Second Extensions for Establishing National Public Health Capacities and on IHR Implementation: Report by the director-general, para. 17 (Mar. 27, 2015), <, > (,); Fidler, D.P., (1999) International Law and Infectious Disease PY - 2020 SN - 10731105 (ISSN) SP - 376-381 ST - Has Global Health Law Risen to Meet the COVID-19 Challenge? Revisiting the International Health Regulations to Prepare for Future Threats T2 - Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics TI - Has Global Health Law Risen to Meet the COVID-19 Challenge? Revisiting the International Health Regulations to Prepare for Future Threats UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087663579&doi=10.1177%2f1073110520935354&partnerID=40&md5=f31d6c35cd18bf3e41a27f257ee4bd0a VL - 48 ID - 484 ER - TY - JOUR AD - The O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC, United States The Global Health Centre, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland The Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Gostin, L. O. AU - Moon, S. AU - Meier, B. M. C2 - 33026872 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305933 IS - 11 J2 - Am. J. Public Health KW - Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection global health health care policy human international cooperation leadership organization and management pandemic politics United Nations virus pneumonia World Health Organization Coronavirus Infections Health Policy Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJPEA Correspondence Address: Gostin, L.O.; University Professor, 600 New Jersey Ave, NW, United States; email: gostin@georgetown.edu Funding text 1: The authors are grateful for the research assistance of Caitlin R. Williams, Meredith Dockery, and Victoria Matus, whose inspiring work gives us hope for the future of global health governance. References: Cueto, M, Brown, TM, Fee, E., (2019) The World Health Organization: A History, , https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108692878, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Meier, BM, Gostin, LO., Responding to the public health harms of a globalizing world through human rights in global governance (2018) Human Rights in Global Health: Rights-Based Governance for a Globalizing World, pp. 1-20. , Meier BM, Gostin LO, eds. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; (2005), International Health Regulations 3rd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2016; Horton, R., Offline: WHO powers up in 2019 (2019) Lancet, 393 (10166), p. 14. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30004-2; Taylor, AL, Habibi, R, Burci, GL, Solidarity in the wake of COVID-19: reimagining the International Health Regulations (2020) Lancet, 396 (10244), pp. 82-83. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31417-3; Kickbusch, I, Szabo, MM., A new governance space for health (2014) Global Health Action, 7, p. 23507. , https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.23507; McInnes, C., WHO's next? Changing authority in global health governance after Ebola (2015) Int Aff, 91 (6), pp. 1299-1316. , https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12454; (2020) A UN framework for the immediate socio-economic response to COVID-19, , https://unsdg.un.org/resources/un-frameworkimmediate-socio-economic-responsecovid-19, United Nations. Accessed September 9, 2020; Gostin, LO, Koh, HH, Williams, M, US withdrawal from the WHO is unlawful and threatens global and US health and security (2020) Lancet, 396 (10247), pp. 293-295. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31527-0; Gostin, LO, Habibi, R, Meier, BM., Has global health law risen to meet the COVID-19 challenge? Revisiting the International Health Regulations to prepare for future threats (2020) J Law Med Ethics, 48 (2), pp. 376-381. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110520935354; Kickbusch, I, Leung, GM, Bhutta, ZA., COVID-19: how a virus is turning the world upside down (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1336. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1336; Evenett, SJ., Sicken thy neighbor: the initial trade policy response to COVID-19 (2020) World Econ, 43 (4), pp. 828-839. , https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12954; Gostin, LO, Abdool Karim, S, Meier, BM., Facilitating access to a COVID-19 vaccine through global health law (2020) J Law Med Ethics, 48, pp. 622-626; Gostin, LO, Constantin, A, Meier, BM., Global health and human rights in the age of populism (2020) Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights, pp. 439-458. , Gostin LO, Meier BM, eds. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Moon, S, Røttingen, J-A, Frenk, J., Global public goods for health: weaknesses and opportunities in the global health system (2017) Health Econ Policy Law, 12 (2), pp. 195-205. , https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744133116000451; (2020) The US government and the World Health Organization, , https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/factsheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-worldhealth-organization, Kaiser Family Foundation. Accessed July 2, 2020; Vijay, SL, Fletcher, ER., (2020) Germany Makes € 500 Million Pledge to WHO-Plug for “Major Funding Gap, , https://healthpolicywatch.news/germany-makes-e-500-million-pledge-to-WHO-a-plug-for-major-funding-gap-left-by-united-states/#:~:text=The%20German%20contribution%2C%20equal%20to,of%20the%20COVID%2D19%20pandemic, Left by United States. Accessed September 9, 2020; Kickbusch, I, Allen, L, Franz, C., The commercial determinants of health (2016) Lancet Glob Health, 4 (12), pp. e895-e896. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30217-0; Moon, S, Szlezák, NA, Michaud, CM, The global health system: lessons for a stronger institutional framework (2010) PLoS Med, 7 (1), p. e1000193. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000193; Doyle, C, Patel, P., Civil society organisations and global health initiatives: problems of legitimacy (2008) Soc Sci Med, 66 (9), pp. 1928-1938. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.12.029; Usher, AD., COVID-19 vaccines for all? (2020) Lancet, 395 (10240), pp. 1822-1823. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31354-4; Chorev, N., (2012) The World Health Organization Between North and South, , https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801450655.001.0001, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; Clinton, C, Sridhar, D., (2017) Governing Global Health: Who Runs the World and Why?, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Gostin, LO, Sridhar, D, Hougendobler, D., The normative authority of the World Health Organization (2015) Public Health, 129 (7), pp. 854-863. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.05.002; Global coalition to accelerate COVID-19 clinical research in resource-limited settings (2020) Lancet, 395 (10233), pp. 1322-1325. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30798-4, COVID-19 Clinical Research Coalition PY - 2020 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) SP - 1615-1619 ST - Reimagining global health governance in the age of COVID-19 T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Reimagining global health governance in the age of COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092683015&doi=10.2105%2fAJPH.2020.305933&partnerID=40&md5=6e3e787e033da4a66c25d6ddbb9fae5f VL - 110 ID - 301 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Virus infections result in a range of clinical outcomes for the host, from asymptomatic to severe or even lethal disease. Despite global efforts to prevent and treat virus infections to limit morbidity and mortality, the continued emergence and re-emergence of new outbreaks as well as common infections such as influenza persist as a health threat. Challenges to the prevention of severe disease after virus infection include both a paucity of protective vaccines as well as the early identification of individuals with the highest risk that may require supportive treatment. Methods: We completed a screen of mice from the Collaborative Cross (CC) that we infected with influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus, and West Nile virus. Results: The CC mice exhibited a range of disease manifestations upon infections, and we used this natural variation to identify strains with mortality after infection and strains exhibiting no mortality. We then used comprehensive preinfection immunophenotyping to identify global baseline immune correlates of protection from mortality to virus infection. Conclusions: These data suggest that immune phenotypes might be leveraged to identify humans at highest risk of adverse clinical outcomes upon infection, who may most benefit from intensive clinical interventions, in addition to providing insight for rational vaccine design. © 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, TX, United States Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States AU - Graham, J. B. AU - Swarts, J. L. AU - Menachery, V. D. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Plante, K. S. AU - Morrison, C. R. AU - Voss, K. M. AU - Green, R. AU - Choonoo, G. AU - Jeng, S. AU - Miller, D. R. AU - Mooney, M. A. AU - McWeeney, S. K. AU - Ferris, M. T. AU - De Villena, F. P. M. AU - Gale, M. AU - Heise, M. T. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Lund, J. M. C2 - 31621854 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/infdis/jiz531 IS - 6 J2 - J. Infect. Dis. KW - Collaborative Cross Immune correlates of mortality RNA virus infection animal cell animal experiment animal model animal tissue Article CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte controlled study flow cytometry haplotype immunophenotyping inoculation male mortality mouse nonhuman phenotype priority journal SARS coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome spleen steady state virus pathogenesis virus strain West Nile fever West Nile virus animal disease model female human immunology influenza Influenza A virus metabolism orthomyxovirus infection T lymphocyte virology cytokine RNA virus vaccine Animals Collaborative Cross Mice Cytokines Disease Models, Animal Humans Influenza, Human Mice Orthomyxoviridae Infections RNA Virus Infections SARS Virus T-Lymphocytes Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JIDIA Correspondence Address: Lund, J.M.; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., E5-110, United States; email: jlund@fredhutch.org Chemicals/CAS: RNA, 63231-63-0; Cytokines; RNA; Viral Vaccines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, U19AI100625 Funding text 1: Financial support. Funding for this study was provided by National Institutes of Health Grant U19AI100625. References: Churchill, G.A., Airey, D.C., Allayee, H., The Collaborative Cross, a community resource for the genetic analysis of complex traits (2004) Nat Genet, 36, pp. 1133-1137. , Complex Trait Consortium; The genome architecture of the Collaborative Cross mouse genetic reference population (2012) Genetics, 190, pp. 389-401. , Collaborative Cross Consortium; Keane, T.M., Goodstadt, L., Danecek, P., Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation (2011) Nature, 477, pp. 289-294; Roberts, A., Pardo-Manuel De Villena, F., Wang, W., McMillan, L., Threadgill, D.W., The polymorphism architecture of mouse genetic resources elucidated using genomewide resequencing data: Implications for QTL discovery and systems genetics (2007) Mamm Genome, 18, pp. 473-481; Graham, J.B., Swarts, J.L., Wilkins, C., A mouse model of chronic West Nile virus disease (2016) PLoS Pathog, 12, p. e1005996; Graham, J.B., Thomas, S., Swarts, J., Genetic diversity in the Collaborative Cross model recapitulates human West Nile virus disease outcomes (2015) MBio, 6, pp. e00493-e00515; Graham, J.B., Swarts, J.L., Thomas, S., Immune correlates of protection from West Nile virus neuroinvasion and disease (2019) J Infect Dis, 19, pp. 1162-1171; Brinkmeyer-Langford, C.L., Rech, R., Amstalden, K., Host genetic background influences diverse neurological responses to viral infection in mice (2017) Sci Rep, 7, p. 12194; Elbahesh, H., Schughart, K., Genetically diverse CC-founder mouse strains replicate the human influenza gene expression signature (2016) Sci Rep, 6, p. 26437; Ferris, M.T., Aylor, D.L., Bottomly, D., Modeling host genetic regulation of influenza pathogenesis in the Collaborative Cross (2013) PLoS Pathog, 9, p. e1003196; Gralinski, L.E., Ferris, M.T., Aylor, D.L., Genome wide identification of SARS-CoV susceptibility loci using the Collaborative Cross (2015) PLoS Genet, 11, p. e1005504; Kollmus, H., Pilzner, C., Leist, S.R., Heise, M., Geffers, R., Schughart, K., Of mice and men: The host response to influenza virus infection (2018) Mamm Genome, 29, pp. 446-470; Leist, S.R., Baric, R.S., Giving the genes a shuffle: Using natural variation to understand host genetic contributions to viral infections (2018) Trends Genet, 34, pp. 777-789; Rasmussen, A.L., Okumura, A., Ferris, M.T., Host genetic diversity enables Ebola hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis and resistance (2014) Science, 346, pp. 987-991; Graham, J.B., Swarts, J.L., Mooney, M., Extensive homeostatic T cell phenotypic variation within the Collaborative Cross (2017) Cell Rep, 21, pp. 2313-2325; Welsh, C.E., Miller, D.R., Manly, K.F., Status and access to the Collaborative Cross population (2012) Mamm Genome, 23, pp. 706-712; Suthar, M.S., Ma, D.Y., Thomas, S., IPS-1 is essential for the control of West Nile virus infection and immunity (2010) PLoS Pathog, 6, p. e1000757; Graham, J.B., Swarts, J.L., Lund, J.M., A mouse model of West Nile virus infection (2017) Curr Protoc Mouse Biol, 7, pp. 221-235; Gralinski, L.E., Sheahan, T.P., Morrison, T.E., Complement activation contributes to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis (2018) MBio, 9, pp. e01753-e01818; Itoh, Y., Shinya, K., Kiso, M., In vitro and in vivo characterization of new swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses (2009) Nature, 460, pp. 1021-1025; Lazarevic, V., Glimcher, L.H., Lord, G.M., T-bet: A bridge between innate and adaptive immunity (2013) Nat Rev Immunol, 13, pp. 777-789; Bertram, E.M., Tafuri, A., Shahinian, A., Role of ICOS versus CD28 in antiviral immunity (2002) Eur J Immunol, 32, pp. 3376-3385; Humphreys, I.R., Edwards, L., Snelgrove, R.J., Rae, A.J., Coyle, A.J., Hussell, T., A critical role for ICOS co-stimulation in immune containment of pulmonary influenza virus infection (2006) Eur J Immunol, 36, pp. 2928-2938; Josefowicz, S.Z., Lu, L.F., Rudensky, A.Y., Regulatory T cells: Mechanisms of differentiation and function (2012) Annu Rev Immunol, 30, pp. 531-564; Campbell, D.J., Koch, M.A., Phenotypical and functional specialization of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (2011) Nat Rev Immunol, 11, pp. 119-130; Das, S., Khader, S., Yin and yang of interleukin-17 in host immunity to infection (2017) F1000Res, 6, p. 741; Cai, C.W., Blase, J.R., Zhang, X., Eickhoff, C.S., Hoft, D.F., Th17 cells are more protective than Th1 cells against the intracellular parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (2016) PLoS Pathog, 12, p. e1005902; McDermott, J.E., Mitchell, H.D., Gralinski, L.E., The effect of inhibition of PP1 and TNF? signaling on pathogenesis of SARS coronavirus (2016) BMC Syst Biol, 10, p. 93; Jameson, S.C., T cell homeostasis: Keeping useful T cells alive and live T cells useful (2005) Semin Immunol, 17, pp. 231-237; Le Campion, A., Bourgeois, C., Lambolez, F., Naive T cells proliferate strongly in neonatal mice in response to selfpeptide/ self-MHC complexes (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, pp. 4538-4543; Min, B., McHugh, R., Sempowski, G.D., Mackall, C., Foucras, G., Paul, W.E., Neonates support lymphopenia-induced proliferation (2003) Immunity, 18, pp. 131-140; Schüler, T., Hämmerling, G.J., Arnold, B., Cutting edge: IL-7-dependent homeostatic proliferation of CD8+ T cells in neonatal mice allows the generation of long-lived natural memory T cells (2004) J Immunol, 172, pp. 15-19; Surh, C.D., Sprent, J., Regulation of mature T cell homeostasis (2005) Semin Immunol, 17, pp. 183-191; Chu, T., Tyznik, A.J., Roepke, S., Bystander-activated memory CD8 T cells control early pathogen load in an innate-like, NKG2D-dependent manner (2013) Cell Rep, 3, pp. 701-708; Haluszczak, C., Akue, A.D., Hamilton, S.E., The antigenspecific CD8+ T cell repertoire in unimmunized mice includes memory phenotype cells bearing markers of homeostatic expansion (2009) J Exp Med, 206, pp. 435-448; Lee, J.Y., Hamilton, S.E., Akue, A.D., Hogquist, K.A., Jameson, S.C., Virtual memory CD8 T cells display unique functional properties (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, pp. 13498-13503; Sosinowski, T., White, J.T., Cross, E.W., CD8?+ dendritic cell trans presentation of IL-15 to naive CD8+ T cells produces antigen-inexperienced T cells in the periphery with memory phenotype and function (2013) J Immunol, 190, pp. 1936-1947; Lanzer, K.G., Cookenham, T., Reiley, W.W., Blackman, M.A., Virtual memory cells make a major contribution to the response of aged influenza-naïve mice to influenza virus infection (2018) Immun Ageing, 15, p. 17; Pattacini, L., Baeten, J.M., Thomas, K.K., Regulatory T-cell activity but not conventional HIV-specific T-cell responses are associated with protection from HIV-1 infection (2016) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 72, pp. 119-128. , Partners PrEP Study Team; Belkaid, Y., Tarbell, K., Regulatory T cells in the control of host-microorganism interactions (2009) Annu Rev Immunol, 27, pp. 551-589; Richert-Spuhler, L.E., Lund, J.M., The immune fulcrum: Regulatory T cells tip the balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory outcomes upon infection (2015) Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, 136, pp. 217-243; Smigiel, K.S., Srivastava, S., Stolley, J.M., Campbell, D.J., Regulatory T-cell homeostasis: Steady-state maintenance and modulation during inflammation (2014) Immunol Rev, 259, pp. 40-59; Lund, J.M., Hsing, L., Pham, T.T., Rudensky, A.Y., Coordination of early protective immunity to viral infection by regulatory T cells (2008) Science, 320, pp. 1220-1224; Ruckwardt, T.J., Bonaparte, K.L., Nason, M.C., Graham, B.S., Regulatory T cells promote early influx of CD8+ T cells in the lungs of respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice and diminish immunodominance disparities (2009) J Virol, 83, pp. 3019-3028; Soerens, A.G., Da Costa, A., Lund, J.M., Regulatory T cells are essential to promote proper CD4 T-cell priming upon mucosal infection (2016) Mucosal Immunol, 9, pp. 1395-1406 PY - 2020 SN - 00221899 (ISSN) SP - 882-889 ST - Immune Predictors of Mortality after Ribonucleic Acid Virus Infection T2 - Journal of Infectious Diseases TI - Immune Predictors of Mortality after Ribonucleic Acid Virus Infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85081138274&doi=10.1093%2finfdis%2fjiz531&partnerID=40&md5=a24d639de316d40f2f00b8ebdaf00eee VL - 221 ID - 524 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The emergence and rapid global spread of SARS-CoV-2 mark the third such identification of a novel coronavirus capable of causing severe, potentially fatal disease in humans in the 21st century. As noted by Andersen et al. (Nature Medicine), the sequencing of proximal zoonotic ancestors to SARS-CoV-2 has aided in the identification of alleles that may contribute to the virus’ virulence in humans. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Graham, R. L. AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 32392464 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.016 IS - 5 J2 - Immunity KW - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 viral protein Article coronavirus disease 2019 high throughput sequencing human medical countermeasure natural selection nonhuman pandemic priority journal protein domain Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral genetics virus virus genome virus identification virus infectivity virus virulence Betacoronavirus Coronavirinae Coronavirus infection SARS coronavirus virus pneumonia Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral SARS Virus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: IUNIE Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: rbaric@email.unc.edu References: Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I., Holmes, E.C., Garry, R.F., The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 450-452; Bagdonaite, I., Wandall, H.H., Global aspects of viral glycosylation (2018) Glycobiology, 28, pp. 443-467; Lam, T.T.-Y., Shum, M.H.-H., Zhu, H.-C., Tong, Y.-G., Ni, X.-B., Liao, Y.-S., Wei, W., Li, L.-F., Identifying SARS-CoV-2 Related Coronaviruses in Malayan Pangolins (2020) Nature, , Published online March 26, 2020; Li, F., Li, W., Farzan, M., Harrison, S.C., Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor (2005) Science, 309, pp. 1864-1868; Nao, N., Yamagishi, J., Miyamoto, H., Igarashi, M., Manzoor, R., Ohnuma, A., Tsuda, Y., Kajihara, M., Genetic Predisposition To Acquire a Polybasic Cleavage Site for Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin (2017) MBio, 8; Wan, Y., Shang, J., Graham, R., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus (2020) J. Virol., 94, p. 94; Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., Chen, Y.M., Wang, W., Song, Z.G., Hu, Y., Pei, Y.Y., A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269; Zeng, L.P., Gao, Y.T., Ge, X.Y., Zhang, Q., Peng, C., Yang, X.L., Tan, B., Shi, Z.L., Bat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Like Coronavirus WIV1 Encodes an Extra Accessory Protein, ORFX, Involved in Modulation of the Host Immune Response (2016) J. Virol., 90, pp. 6573-6582; Zhang, T., Wu, Q., Zhang, Z., Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated With the COVID-19 Outbreak (2020) Curr. Biol., 30, pp. 1346-1351; Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.R., Huang, C.L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273 PY - 2020 SN - 10747613 (ISSN) SP - 734-736 ST - SARS-CoV-2: Combating Coronavirus Emergence T2 - Immunity TI - SARS-CoV-2: Combating Coronavirus Emergence UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084468730&doi=10.1016%2fj.immuni.2020.04.016&partnerID=40&md5=cedb2bae080644c33fae12b5dc10edec VL - 52 ID - 498 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The emergence of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has awakened the echoes of SARSCoV from nearly two decades ago. Yet, with technological advances and important lessons gained from previous outbreaks, perhaps the world is better equipped to deal with the most recent emergent group 2B coronavirus. © 2020 by the authors. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Menachery, V. D. C2 - 31991541 C7 - v12020135 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/v12020135 IS - 2 J2 - Viruses KW - 2019-nCoV Coronavirus Emerging viruses MERS-CoV Novel CoV SARS-CoV Wuhan Wuhan pneumonia virus RNA coronavirus spike glycoprotein COVID-19 nucleocapsid protein severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 2019 novel coronavirus antiviral susceptibility biodiversity coronavirus disease 2019 diagnostic test disease association disease severity disease surveillance environmental protection epidemic extracorporeal oxygenation fever government health care health care personnel human immune response kidney function Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus mortality rate nucleotide sequence pneumonia public health respiratory tract disease Review SARS coronavirus sea food social media virus attachment virus nucleocapsid virus transmission animal Betacoronavirus chemistry China communicable disease Coronavirus infection disease carrier disease predisposition genetics isolation and purification metabolism severe acute respiratory syndrome virology virus genome virus pneumonia zoonosis Animals Communicable Diseases, Emerging Coronavirus Infections Disease Outbreaks Disease Reservoirs Disease Susceptibility Genome, Viral Humans Nucleocapsid Proteins Pneumonia, Viral SARS Virus Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Zoonoses LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :395 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Menachery, V.D.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, United States; email: Vimenach@utmb.edu Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19; Nucleocapsid Proteins; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus References: Wuhan Municipal Health and Health Commission's Briefing on the Current Pneumonia Epidemic Situation in Our City, , http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2019123108989, Wuhan Municipal Health Commision. (accessed on 19 January 2020); Kahn, N., New virus discovered by Chinese scientists investigating pneumonia outbreak (2020) Wsall Street Journal; WHO Statement Regarding Cluster of Pneumonia Cases in Wuhan, China, , https://www.who.int/china/news/detail/09-01-2020-who-statement-regarding-cluster-ofpneumonia-cases-in-wuhan-china, (accessed on 19 January 2020); Novel 2019 Coronavirus Genome, , http://virological.org/t/novel-2019-coronavirus-genome/319, (accessed on 19 January 2020); 2020 Coronavirus, , https://www.gisaid.org/CoV2020/, GSAID Database. (accessed on 19 January 2020); Novel Coronavirus-Japan (Ex-China), , https://www.who.int/csr/don/16-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-japan-ex-china/en/, World Health Organization. (accessed on 19 January 2020); Laboratory Testing for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Suspected Human Cases, , https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/laboratory-diagnostics-fornovel-coronavirus, World Health Organization. (accessed on 19 January 2020); Imai, N., Dorigattig, I., Cori, A., Riley, S., Ferguson, N.M., Estimating the Potential Total Number of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Cases InWuhan City, China, , https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrcglobal-infectious-disease-analysis/news-wuhan-coronavirus/, accessed on 19 January 2020; Wuhan Municipal Commission of Health and Health on Pneumonia of New Coronavirus Infection, , http://wjw.wuhan.gov.cn/front/web/showDetail/2020012009077, Wuhan Municipal Health Commision. (accessed on 20 January 2020); Stein, R.A., Super-spreaders in infectious diseases (2011) Int. J. Infect. Dis., 15, pp. e510-e513. , [CrossRef]; Wuhan Virus: China Locks down Huanggang, Shuts down Railway Station in Ezhou AfterWuhan Lockdown, , https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-locks-downtwo-more-cities-huanggang-and-ezhou-after-wuhan, The Straits Times. (accessed on 23 January 2020); Ji, W., Wang, W., Zhao, X., Zai, J., Li, X., Homologous recombination within the spike glycoprotein of the newly identified coronavirus may boost cross-species transmission from snake to human (2020) J. Med. Virol., , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Robertson, D., Jiang, X., NCoV's Relationship to Bat Coronaviruses and Recombination Signals No Snakes, , http://virological.org/t/ncovs-relationship-to-bat-coronaviruses-recombination-signals-nosnakes/331, accessed on 23 January 2020; Kan, B., Wang, M., Jing, H., Xu, H., Jiang, X., Yan, M., Liang, W., Liu, Q., Molecular evolution analysis and geographic investigation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in palm civets at an animal market and on farms (2005) J. Virol., 79, pp. 11892-11900. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Lau, S.K., Woo, P.C., Li, K.S., Huang, Y., Tsoi, H.W., Wong, B.H., Wong, S.S., Yuen, K.Y., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, pp. 14040-14045. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S., Gralinski, L.E., Plante, J.A., Graham, R.L., Donaldson, E.F., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med., 21, pp. 1508-1513. , [CrossRef]; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Sims, A.C., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S.S., Gralinski, L.E., Graham, R.L., Royal, S.R., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, pp. 3048-3053. , [CrossRef]; Wang, N., Li, S.Y., Yang, X.L., Huang, H.M., Zhang, Y.J., Guo, H., Luo, C.M., Chmura, A.A., Serological Evidence of Bat SARS-Related Coronavirus Infection in Humans, China (2018) Virol. Sin, 33, pp. 104-107. , [CrossRef]; Anthony, S.J., Gilardi, K., Menachery, V.D., Goldstein, T., Ssebide, B., Mbabazi, R., Navarrete-Macias, I., Hicks, A., Further Evidence for Bats as the Evolutionary Source of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2017) MBio, 8. , [CrossRef]; Quan, P.L., Firth, C., Street, C., Henriquez, J.A., Petrosov, A., Tashmukhamedova, A., Hutchison, S.K., Niezgoda, M., Identification of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in a leaf-nosed bat in Nigeria (2010) MBio, 1. , [CrossRef]; Azhar, E.I., El-Kafrawy, S.A., Farraj, S.A., Hassan, A.M., Al-Saeed, M.S., Hashem, A.M., Madani, T.A., Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus (2014) N. Engl. J. Med., 370, pp. 2499-2505. , [CrossRef]; Fehr, A.R., Channappanavar, R., Perlman, S., Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: Emergence of a Pathogenic Human Coronavirus (2017) Annu. Rev. Med., 68, pp. 387-399. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Hung, I.F.N., Cheng, V.C.C., Wu, A.K.L., Tang, B.S.F., Chan, K.H., Chu, C.M., Wong, M.M.L., Tse, D.M.W., Viral Loads in Clinical Specimens and SARS Manifestations (2004) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 10, pp. 1550-1557. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Assiri, A., Al-Tawfiq, J.A., Al-Rabeeah, A.A., Al-Rabiah, F.A., Al-Hajjar, S., Al-Barrak, A., Flemban, H., Al-Hakeem, R.F., Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: A descriptive study (2013) Lancet Infect. Dis., 13, pp. 752-761. , [CrossRef]; Rahman, A., Sarkar, A., Risk Factors for Fatal Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections in Saudi Arabia: Analysis of the WHO Line List, 2013-2018 (2019) Am. J. Public Health, 109, pp. 1288-1293. , [CrossRef]; SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, , http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/infectious-disease-topics/sars, CIDRAP. (accessed on 20 January 2020); MERS-CoV, , http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/infectious-disease-topics/mers-cov, CIDRAP. (accessed on 20 January 2020); Rambaut, A., Preliminary Phylogenetic Analysis of 11 nCoV2019 Genomes, 2020-01-19, , http://virological.org/t/preliminary-phylogenetic-analysis-of-11-ncov2019-genomes-2020-01-19/329, accessed on 20 January 2020; Bedford, T., Neher, R., Genomic Epidemiology of Novel Coronavirus (NCoV) Using Data Generated by Fudan University, China CDC, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Thai National Institute of Health Shared Via GISAID, , https://nextstrain.org/ncov, accessed on 20 January 2020; Shi, Z.-L., Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Li, B., Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin (2020) BioRxiv, , [CrossRef]; Menachery, V.D., Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., Jumping species - A mechanism for coronavirus persistence and survival (2017) Curr. Opin. Virol., 23, pp. 1-7. , [CrossRef]; Becker, M.M., Graham, R.L., Donaldson, E.F., Rockx, B., Sims, A.C., Sheahan, T., Pickles, R.J., Baric, R.S., Synthetic recombinant bat SARS-like coronavirus is infectious in cultured cells and in mice (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, pp. 19944-19949. , [CrossRef]; Li, W., Sui, J., Huang, I.C., Kuhn, J.H., Radoshitzky, S.R., Marasco, W.A., Choe, H., Farzan, M., The S proteins of human coronavirus NL63 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus bind overlapping regions of ACE2 (2007) Virology, 367, pp. 367-374. , [CrossRef]; Zeng, L.P., Gao, Y.T., Ge, X.Y., Zhang, Q., Peng, C., Yang, X.L., Tan, B., Daszak, P., Bat severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus wiv1 encodes an extra accessory protein, orfx, involved in modulation of the host immune response (2016) J. Virol., 90, pp. 6573-6582. , [CrossRef]; Xu, X., Chen, P., Wang, J., Feng, J., Zhou, H., Li, X., Zhong, W., Hao, P., Evolution of the novel coronavirus from the ongoingWuhan outbreak and modeling of its spike protein for risk of human transmission (2020) Sci. China Life Sci., , [CrossRef]; Letko, M.C., Munster, V., (2020) Functional Assessment of Cell Entry and Receptor Usage for Lineage B-coronaviruses, including 2019-nCoV, , bioRxiv, [CrossRef]; Rivers, T.M., Viruses and Koch's Postulates (1937) J. Bacteriol., 33, pp. 1-12. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Roberts, A., Deming, D., Paddock, C.D., Cheng, A., Yount, B., Vogel, L., Herman, B.D., Genrich, G.L., A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice (2007) PLoS Pathog., 3, p. e5. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Mcaulie, J., Vogel, L., Roberts, A., Fahle, G., Fischer, S., Shieh, W.J., Butler, E., Murphy, B., Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys (2004) Virology, 330, pp. 8-15. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Kuiken, T., Fouchier, R.A., Schutten, M., Rimmelzwaan, G.F., Van Amerongen, G., Van Riel, D., Laman, J.D., Lim, W., Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) Lancet (Lond. Engl.), 362, pp. 263-270. , [CrossRef]; Van Doremalen, N., Miazgowicz, K.L., Milne-Price, S., Bushmaker, T., Robertson, S., Scott, D., Kinne, J., Munster, V.J., Host species restriction of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus through its receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (2014) J. Virol., 88, pp. 9220-9232. , [CrossRef]; Cockrell, A.S., Peck, K.M., Yount, B.L., Agnihothram, S.S., Scobey, T., Curnes, N.R., Baric, R.S., Heise, M.T., Mouse dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is not a functional receptor for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2014) J. Virol., 88, pp. 5195-5199. , [CrossRef]; De Wit, E., Rasmussen, A.L., Falzarano, D., Bushmaker, T., Feldmann, F., Brining, D.L., Fischer, E.R., Chang, J., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes transient lower respiratory tract infection in rhesus macaques (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. 16598-16603. , [CrossRef]; Wen, X., 15 Medical Sta in Wuhan Confirmed New Coronavirus Pneumonia, and Another Suspected, , http://china.qianlong.com/2020/0121/3600877.shtml, accessed on 21 January 2020; Al-Tawfiq, J.A., Gautret, P., Asymptomatic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: Extent and implications for infection control: A systematic review (2019) Travel Med. Infect. Dis., 27, pp. 27-32. , [CrossRef]; Wong, G., Liu, W., Liu, Y., Zhou, B., Bi, Y., Gao, G.F., MERS, sars, and ebola: The role of super-spreaders in infectious disease (2015) Cell Host Microbe, 18, pp. 398-401. , [CrossRef]; Park, D., Huh, H.J., Kim, Y.J., Son, D.S., Jeon, H.J., Im, E.H., Kim, J.W., Kang, C.I., Analysis of intrapatient heterogeneity uncovers the microevolution of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2016) Cold Spring Harb. Mol. Case Stud., 2, p. a001214. , [CrossRef] [PubMed] PY - 2020 SN - 19994915 (ISSN) ST - Return of the coronavirus: 2019-nCoV T2 - Viruses TI - Return of the coronavirus: 2019-nCoV UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85078688361&doi=10.3390%2fv12020135&partnerID=40&md5=3dbf1e6430096abfd7676f32b2158359 VL - 12 ID - 577 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is important for vaccine development, interpreting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis, and calibration of pandemic control measures. Using HLA class I and II predicted peptide “megapools,” circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were identified in ∼70% and 100% of COVID-19 convalescent patients, respectively. CD4+ T cell responses to spike, the main target of most vaccine efforts, were robust and correlated with the magnitude of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA titers. The M, spike, and N proteins each accounted for 11%–27% of the total CD4+ response, with additional responses commonly targeting nsp3, nsp4, ORF3a, and ORF8, among others. For CD8+ T cells, spike and M were recognized, with at least eight SARS-CoV-2 ORFs targeted. Importantly, we detected SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells in ∼40%–60% of unexposed individuals, suggesting cross-reactive T cell recognition between circulating “common cold” coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. An analysis of immune cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 from recovered patients identifies the regions of the virus that is targeted and also reveals cross-reactivity with other common circulating coronaviruses © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7290, United States Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States AU - Grifoni, A. AU - Weiskopf, D. AU - Ramirez, S. I. AU - Mateus, J. AU - Dan, J. M. AU - Moderbacher, C. R. AU - Rawlings, S. A. AU - Sutherland, A. AU - Premkumar, L. AU - Jadi, R. S. AU - Marrama, D. AU - de Silva, A. M. AU - Frazier, A. AU - Carlin, A. F. AU - Greenbaum, J. A. AU - Peters, B. AU - Krammer, F. AU - Smith, D. M. AU - Crotty, S. AU - Sette, A. C2 - 32473127 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015 IS - 7 J2 - Cell KW - CD4 CD8 coronavirus COVID-19 cross-reactivity epitopes SARS-CoV-2 T cells coronavirus spike glycoprotein epitope HLA antigen class 1 HLA antigen class 2 immunoglobulin A immunoglobulin G nonstructural protein 3 nonstructural protein 4 severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine unclassified drug viral protein virus M protein virus N protein COVID-19 vaccine spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine adaptive immunity adult aged antibody titer antigen recognition Article CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte clinical article controlled study convalescence coronavirus disease 2019 cross reaction drug research drug targeting female human human cell immune response immunopathogenesis male open reading frame priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Betacoronavirus blood Coronavirus infection genetics immunology metabolism mononuclear cell pandemic physiology virology virus pneumonia CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Coronavirus Infections Cross Reactions Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte Humans Leukocytes, Mononuclear Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Viral Proteins Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :723 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CELLB Correspondence Address: Crotty, S.; Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, United States; email: shane@lji.org Correspondence Address: Sette, A.; Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, United States; email: alex@lji.org Chemicals/CAS: immunoglobulin G, 97794-27-9; COVID-19 vaccine; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2; Viral Proteins; Viral Vaccines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 75N9301900065, U19 AI118626 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, AI135078, AI42742 Funding details: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, BMGF Funding details: Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS) Funding details: University of California, San Diego, UCSD, AI007036, AI007384 Funding details: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Funding text 1: We would like to thank Cheryl Kim, director of the LJI flow cytometry core facility for outstanding expertise. We thank Prof. Peter Kim, Abigail Powell, PhD, and colleagues (Stanford) for RBD protein synthesized from Prof. Florian Krammer (Mt. Sinai) constructs. J.M. was supported by PhD student fellowships from the Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia , Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS) , and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana . This work was funded by the NIH NIAID under awards AI42742 ( Cooperative Centers for Human Immunology ) (S.C. and A.S.), National Institutes of Health contract Nr. 75N9301900065 (A.S. and D.W.), and U19 AI118626 (A.S. and B.P.). The BD FACSymphony purchase was partially funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and LJI Institutional Funds (S.C. and A.S.). This work was additionally supported in part by the Johnathan and Mary Tu Foundation (D.M.S.), the NIAID under K08 award AI135078 (J.D.), and UCSD T32s AI007036 and AI007384 Infectious Diseases Division (S.I.R. and S.A.R.). Funding text 2: We would like to thank Cheryl Kim, director of the LJI flow cytometry core facility for outstanding expertise. We thank Prof. Peter Kim, Abigail Powell, PhD, and colleagues (Stanford) for RBD protein synthesized from Prof. Florian Krammer (Mt. Sinai) constructs. J.M. was supported by PhD student fellowships from the Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnologi?a e Innovacio?n (COLCIENCIAS), and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. This work was funded by the NIH NIAID under awards AI42742 (Cooperative Centers for Human Immunology) (S.C. and A.S.), National Institutes of Health contract Nr. 75N9301900065 (A.S. and D.W.), and U19 AI118626 (A.S. and B.P.). The BD FACSymphony purchase was partially funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and LJI Institutional Funds (S.C. and A.S.). This work was additionally supported in part by the Johnathan and Mary Tu Foundation (D.M.S.), the NIAID under K08 award AI135078 (J.D.), and UCSD T32s AI007036 and AI007384 Infectious Diseases Division (S.I.R. and S.A.R.). Conceptualization, A.G. D.W. S.C. and A.S.; Investigation, A.G. D.W. J.M. C.R.M. J.M.D. D.M. L.P. R.S.J. A.S. and D.W.; Formal Analysis, A.G. D.W. C.R.M. J.M.D. J.M. and S.C.; Resources, S.I.R. S.A.R. D.M.S. A.F.C. F.K. S.C. and A.S.; Data Curation, J.A.G. and B.P.; Writing, S.C. A.S. A.G. and D.W.; Supervision, B.P. A.M.d.S. S.C. and A.S.; Project Administration, A.F.; Funding Acquisition, S.C. A.S. D.W. D.S. and J.D. The authors declare no competing interests. References: Alshukairi, A.N., Zheng, J., Zhao, J., Nehdi, A., Baharoon, S.A., Layqah, L., Bokhari, A., Boudjelal, M., High Prevalence of MERS-CoV Infection in Camel Workers in Saudi Arabia (2018) MBio, 9. , e01985–e01918; Amanat, F., Krammer, F., SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Status Report (2020) Immunity, 52, pp. 583-589; Andrews, S.F., Huang, Y., Kaur, K., Popova, L.I., Ho, I.Y., Pauli, N.T., Henry Dunand, C.J., Huang, M., Immune history profoundly affects broadly protective B cell responses to influenza (2015) Sci. Transl. Med., 7, p. 316ra192; Bancroft, T., Dillon, M.B., da Silva Antunes, R., Paul, S., Peters, B., Crotty, S., Lindestam Arlehamn, C.S., Sette, A., Th1 versus Th2 T cell polarization by whole-cell and acellular childhood pertussis vaccines persists upon re-immunization in adolescence and adulthood (2016) Cell. Immunol., 304-305, pp. 35-43; Blanco-Melo, D., Nilsson-Payant, B.E., Liu, W.-C., Møller, R., Panis, M., Sachs, D., Albrecht, R.A., tenOever, B.R., SARS-CoV-2 launches a unique transcriptional signature from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo systems (2020) bioRxiv; Callow, K.A., Parry, H.F., Sergeant, M., Tyrrell, D.A., The time course of the immune response to experimental coronavirus infection of man (1990) Epidemiol. Infect., 105, pp. 435-446; Cao, X., COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy (2020) Nat. Rev. Immunol., 20, pp. 269-270; Carrasco Pro, S., Sidney, J., Paul, S., Lindestam Arlehamn, C., Weiskopf, D., Peters, B., Sette, A., Automatic Generation of Validated Specific Epitope Sets (2015) J. Immunol. Res., 2015, p. 763461; Choe, P.G., Perera, R.A.P.M., Park, W.B., Song, K.H., Bang, J.H., Kim, E.S., Kim, H.B., Kim, N.J., MERS-CoV Antibody Responses 1 Year after Symptom Onset, South Korea, 2015 (2017) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 23, pp. 1079-1084; Crotty, S., T Follicular Helper Cell Biology: A Decade of Discovery and Diseases (2019) Immunity, 50, pp. 1132-1148; da Silva Antunes, R., Paul, S., Sidney, J., Weiskopf, D., Dan, J.M., Phillips, E., Mallal, S., Lindestam Arlehamn, C.S., Definition of Human Epitopes Recognized in Tetanus Toxoid and Development of an Assay Strategy to Detect Ex Vivo Tetanus CD4+ T Cell Responses (2017) PLoS ONE, 12, p. e0169086; Dan, J.M., Lindestam Arlehamn, C.S., Weiskopf, D., da Silva Antunes, R., Havenar-Daughton, C., Reiss, S.M., Brigger, M., Crotty, S., A Cytokine-Independent Approach To Identify Antigen-Specific Human Germinal Center T Follicular Helper Cells and Rare Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells in Blood (2016) J. Immunol., 197, pp. 983-993; Dan, J.M., Havenar-Daughton, C., Kendric, K., Al-Kolla, R., Kaushik, K., Rosales, S.L., Anderson, E.L., Seumois, G., Recurrent group A Streptococcus tonsillitis is an immunosusceptibility disease involving antibody deficiency and aberrant TFH cells (2019) Sci. Transl. Med., 11, p. eaau3776; Dhanda, S.K., Karosiene, E., Edwards, L., Grifoni, A., Paul, S., Andreatta, M., Weiskopf, D., Sette, A., Predicting HLA CD4 Immunogenicity in Human Populations (2018) Front. Immunol., 9, p. 1369; Dhanda, S.K., Mahajan, S., Paul, S., Yan, Z., Kim, H., Jespersen, M.C., Jurtz, V., Marcatili, P., IEDB-AR: immune epitope database-analysis resource in 2019 (2019) Nucleic Acids Res., 47 (W1), pp. W502-W506; Dong, E., Du, H., Gardner, L., An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis., 20, pp. 533-534; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J., Netea, M.G., Rovina, N., Akinosoglou, K., Antoniadou, A., Antonakos, N., Damoraki, G., Katsaounou, P., Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure (2020) Cell Host Microbe, , Published online April 17, 2020; Gorse, G.J., Patel, G.B., Vitale, J.N., O'Connor, T.Z., Prevalence of antibodies to four human coronaviruses is lower in nasal secretions than in serum (2010) Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 17, pp. 1875-1880; Gostic, K.M., Ambrose, M., Worobey, M., Lloyd-Smith, J.O., Potent protection against H5N1 and H7N9 influenza via childhood hemagglutinin imprinting (2016) Science, 354, pp. 722-726; Greenbaum, J.A., Kotturi, M.F., Kim, Y., Oseroff, C., Vaughan, K., Salimi, N., Vita, R., Peters, B., Pre-existing immunity against swine-origin H1N1 influenza viruses in the general human population (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, pp. 20365-20370; Greenbaum, J., Sidney, J., Chung, J., Brander, C., Peters, B., Sette, A., Functional classification of class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules reveals seven different supertypes and a surprising degree of repertoire sharing across supertypes (2011) Immunogenetics, 63, pp. 325-335; Grifoni, A., Angelo, M.A., Lopez, B., O'Rourke, P.H., Sidney, J., Cerpas, C., Balmaseda, A., Costa, P.R., Global Assessment of Dengue Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses in Dengue-Endemic Areas (2017) Front. Immunol., 8, p. 1309; Grifoni, A., Sidney, J., Zhang, Y., Scheuermann, R.H., Peters, B., Sette, A., A Sequence Homology and Bioinformatic Approach Can Predict Candidate Targets for Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 671-680; Guo, T., Fan, Y., Chen, M., Wu, X., Zhang, L., He, T., Wang, H., Lu, Z., Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) JAMA Cardiol., , Published online March 27, 2020; Guo, X., Guo, Z., Duan, C., Chen, Z., Wang, G., Lu, Y., Li, M., Lu, J., Long-Term Persistence of IgG Antibodies in SARS-CoV Infected Healthcare Workers (2020) medRxiv; Hancock, K., Veguilla, V., Lu, X., Zhong, W., Butler, E.N., Sun, H., Liu, F., Gargiullo, P.M., Cross-reactive antibody responses to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (2009) N. Engl. J. Med., 361, pp. 1945-1952; Havenar-Daughton, C., Reiss, S.M., Carnathan, D.G., Wu, J.E., Kendric, K., Torrents de la Peña, A., Kasturi, S.P., Sanders, R.W., Cytokine-Independent Detection of Antigen-Specific Germinal Center T Follicular Helper Cells in Immunized Nonhuman Primates Using a Live Cell Activation-Induced Marker Technique (2016) J. Immunol., 197, pp. 994-1002; Herati, R.S., Muselman, A., Vella, L., Bengsch, B., Parkhouse, K., Del Alcazar, D., Kotzin, J., Hensley, S.E., Successive annual influenza vaccination induces a recurrent oligoclonotypic memory response in circulating T follicular helper cells (2017) Sci Immunol, 2, p. eaag2152; Hinz, D., Seumois, G., Gholami, A.M., Greenbaum, J.A., Lane, J., White, B., Broide, D.H., Bakhru, P., Lack of allergy to timothy grass pollen is not a passive phenomenon but associated with the allergen-specific modulation of immune reactivity (2016) Clin. Exp. Allergy, 46, pp. 705-719; Huang, A.T., Garcia-Carreras, B., Hitchings, M.D.T., Yang, B., Katzelnick, L., Rattigan, S.M., Borgert, B., Rodriguez-Barraquer, I., A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: antibody kinetics, correlates of protection, and association of antibody responses with severity of disease (2020) medRxiv, , 2020.2004.2014.20065771; Irigoyen, N., Firth, A.E., Jones, J.D., Chung, B.Y., Siddell, S.G., Brierley, I., High-Resolution Analysis of Coronavirus Gene Expression by RNA Sequencing and Ribosome Profiling (2016) PLoS Pathog., 12, p. e1005473; Jurtz, V., Paul, S., Andreatta, M., Marcatili, P., Peters, B., Nielsen, M., NetMHCpan-4.0: Improved Peptide-MHC Class I Interaction Predictions Integrating Eluted Ligand and Peptide Binding Affinity Data (2017) J. Immunol., 199, pp. 3360-3368; Kissler, S.M., Tedijanto, C., Goldstein, E., Grad, Y.H., Lipsitch, M., Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period (2020) Science, p. eabb5793; Li, C.K., Wu, H., Yan, H., Ma, S., Wang, L., Zhang, M., Tang, X., Brenchley, J.M., T cell responses to whole SARS coronavirus in humans (2008) J. Immunol., 181, pp. 5490-5500; Lindestam Arlehamn, C.S., McKinney, D.M., Carpenter, C., Paul, S., Rozot, V., Makgotlho, E., Gregg, Y., Hatherill, M., A Quantitative Analysis of Complexity of Human Pathogen-Specific CD4 T Cell Responses in Healthy M. tuberculosis Infected South Africans (2016) PLoS Pathog., 12, p. e1005760; Liu, L., Wei, Q., Lin, Q., Fang, J., Wang, H., Kwok, H., Tang, H., Tan, Z., Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection (2019) JCI Insight, 4, p. 123158; Morou, A., Brunet-Ratnasingham, E., Dubé, M., Charlebois, R., Mercier, E., Darko, S., Brassard, N., Gendron-Lepage, G., Altered differentiation is central to HIV-specific CD4+ T cell dysfunction in progressive disease (2019) Nat. Immunol., 20, pp. 1059-1070; Moutaftsi, M., Tscharke, D.C., Vaughan, K., Koelle, D.M., Stern, L., Calvo-Calle, M., Ennis, F., Crotty, S., Uncovering the interplay between CD8, CD4 and antibody responses to complex pathogens (2010) Future Microbiol., 5, pp. 221-239; O'Sullivan, D., Arrhenius, T., Sidney, J., Del Guercio, M.F., Albertson, M., Wall, M., Oseroff, C., Gaeta, F.C., On the interaction of promiscuous antigenic peptides with different DR alleles. Identification of common structural motifs (1991) J. Immunol., 147, pp. 2663-2669; Okba, N.M.A., Raj, V.S., Widjaja, I., GeurtsvanKessel, C.H., de Bruin, E., Chandler, F.D., Park, W.B., Al-Hajri, M., Sensitive and Specific Detection of Low-Level Antibody Responses in Mild Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections (2019) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 25, pp. 1868-1877; Paul, S., Lindestam Arlehamn, C.S., Scriba, T.J., Dillon, M.B., Oseroff, C., Hinz, D., McKinney, D.M., Sette, A., Development and validation of a broad scheme for prediction of HLA class II restricted T cell epitopes (2015) J. Immunol. Methods, 422, pp. 28-34; Paul, S., Sidney, J., Sette, A., Peters, B., TepiTool: A Pipeline for Computational Prediction of T Cell Epitope Candidates (2016) Curr. Protoc. Immunol., 114, pp. 18.19.1-18.19.24; Peeples, L., News Feature: Avoiding pitfalls in the pursuit of a COVID-19 vaccine (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 8218-8221; Reiss, S., Baxter, A.E., Cirelli, K.M., Dan, J.M., Morou, A., Daigneault, A., Brassard, N., Havenar-Daughton, C., Comparative analysis of activation induced marker (AIM) assays for sensitive identification of antigen-specific CD4 T cells (2017) PLoS ONE, 12, p. e0186998; Sallusto, F., Lanzavecchia, A., Araki, K., Ahmed, R., From vaccines to memory and back (2010) Immunity, 33, pp. 451-463; Sette, A., Moutaftsi, M., Moyron-Quiroz, J., McCausland, M.M., Davies, D.H., Johnston, R.J., Peters, B., Su, H.P., Selective CD4+ T cell help for antibody responses to a large viral pathogen: deterministic linkage of specificities (2008) Immunity, 28, pp. 847-858; Severance, E.G., Bossis, I., Dickerson, F.B., Stallings, C.R., Origoni, A.E., Sullens, A., Yolken, R.H., Viscidi, R.P., Development of a nucleocapsid-based human coronavirus immunoassay and estimates of individuals exposed to coronavirus in a U.S. metropolitan population (2008) Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 15, pp. 1805-1810; Sidney, J., Peters, B., Frahm, N., Brander, C., Sette, A., HLA class I supertypes: a revised and updated classification (2008) BMC Immunol., 9, p. 1; Sidney, J., Steen, A., Moore, C., Ngo, S., Chung, J., Peters, B., Sette, A., Divergent motifs but overlapping binding repertoires of six HLA-DQ molecules frequently expressed in the worldwide human population (2010) J. Immunol., 185, pp. 4189-4198; Sidney, J., Steen, A., Moore, C., Ngo, S., Chung, J., Peters, B., Sette, A., Five HLA-DP molecules frequently expressed in the worldwide human population share a common HLA supertypic binding specificity (2010) J. Immunol., 184, pp. 2492-2503; Snijder, E.J., Bredenbeek, P.J., Dobbe, J.C., Thiel, V., Ziebuhr, J., Poon, L.L., Guan, Y., Gorbalenya, A.E., Unique and conserved features of genome and proteome of SARS-coronavirus, an early split-off from the coronavirus group 2 lineage (2003) J. Mol. Biol., 331, pp. 991-1004; Southwood, S., Sidney, J., Kondo, A., del Guercio, M.F., Appella, E., Hoffman, S., Kubo, R.T., Sette, A., Several common HLA-DR types share largely overlapping peptide binding repertoires (1998) J. Immunol., 160, pp. 3363-3373; Sridhar, S., Begom, S., Bermingham, A., Hoschler, K., Adamson, W., Carman, W., Bean, T., Lalvani, A., Cellular immune correlates of protection against symptomatic pandemic influenza (2013) Nat. Med., 19, pp. 1305-1312; Stadlbauer, D., Amanat, F., Chromikova, V., Jiang, K., Strohmeier, S., Arunkumar, G.A., Tan, J., Kirkpatrick, E., SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion in Humans: A Detailed Protocol for a Serological Assay, Antigen Production, and Test Setup (2020) Curr. Protoc. Microbiol., 57, p. e100; Takano, T., Kawakami, C., Yamada, S., Satoh, R., Hohdatsu, T., Antibody-dependent enhancement occurs upon re-infection with the identical serotype virus in feline infectious peritonitis virus infection (2008) J. Vet. Med. Sci., 70, pp. 1315-1321; Thanh Le, T., Andreadakis, Z., Kumar, A., Gómez Román, R., Tollefsen, S., Saville, M., Mayhew, S., The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape (2020) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 19, pp. 305-306; Tian, Y., Grifoni, A., Sette, A., Weiskopf, D., Human T Cell Response to Dengue Virus Infection (2019) Front. Immunol., 10, p. 2125; Vennema, H., de Groot, R.J., Harbour, D.A., Dalderup, M., Gruffydd-Jones, T., Horzinek, M.C., Spaan, W.J., Early death after feline infectious peritonitis virus challenge due to recombinant vaccinia virus immunization (1990) J. Virol., 64, pp. 1407-1409; Vita, R., Mahajan, S., Overton, J.A., Dhanda, S.K., Martini, S., Cantrell, J.R., Wheeler, D.K., Peters, B., The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB): 2018 update (2019) Nucleic Acids Res., 47 (D1), pp. D339-D343; Weiskopf, D., Angelo, M.A., de Azeredo, E.L., Sidney, J., Greenbaum, J.A., Fernando, A.N., Broadwater, A., de Silva, A.M., Comprehensive analysis of dengue virus-specific responses supports an HLA-linked protective role for CD8+ T cells (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. E2046-E2053; Weiskopf, D., Cerpas, C., Angelo, M.A., Bangs, D.J., Sidney, J., Paul, S., Peters, B., Costa, P.R., Human CD8+ T-Cell Responses Against the 4 Dengue Virus Serotypes Are Associated With Distinct Patterns of Protein Targets (2015) J. Infect. Dis., 212, pp. 1743-1751; Wilkinson, T.M., Li, C.K.F., Chui, C.S.C., Huang, A.K.Y., Perkins, M., Liebner, J.C., Lambkin-Williams, R., Nicholas, B., Preexisting influenza-specific CD4+ T cells correlate with disease protection against influenza challenge in humans (2012) Nat. Med., 18, pp. 274-280; Wong, C.K., Lam, C.W., Wu, A.K., Ip, W.K., Lee, N.L., Chan, I.H., Lit, L.C., Sung, J.J., Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome (2004) Clin. Exp. Immunol., 136, pp. 95-103; Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1239-1242; Xie, X., Muruato, A., Lokugamage, K.G., Narayanan, K., Zhang, X., Zou, J., Liu, J., Aguilar, P.V., An Infectious cDNA Clone of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 841-848; Zhao, J., Zhao, J., Van Rooijen, N., Perlman, S., Evasion by stealth: inefficient immune activation underlies poor T cell response and severe disease in SARS-CoV-infected mice (2009) PLoS Pathog., 5, p. e1000636; Zhao, J., Zhao, J., Perlman, S., T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice (2010) J. Virol., 84, pp. 9318-9325; Zhao, J., Zhao, J., Legge, K., Perlman, S., Age-related increases in PGD(2) expression impair respiratory DC migration, resulting in diminished T cell responses upon respiratory virus infection in mice (2011) J. Clin. Invest., 121, pp. 4921-4930; Zhao, J., Zhao, J., Mangalam, A.K., Channappanavar, R., Fett, C., Meyerholz, D.K., Agnihothram, S., Perlman, S., Airway Memory CD4(+) T Cells Mediate Protective Immunity against Emerging Respiratory Coronaviruses (2016) Immunity, 44, pp. 1379-1391; Zhao, J., Alshukairi, A.N., Baharoon, S.A., Ahmed, W.A., Bokhari, A.A., Nehdi, A.M., Layqah, L.A., Dada, A.M., Recovery from the Middle East respiratory syndrome is associated with antibody and T-cell responses (2017) Sci. Immunol., 2, p. eaan5393; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Gu, X., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062 PY - 2020 SN - 00928674 (ISSN) SP - 1489-1501.e15 ST - Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals T2 - Cell TI - Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085363958&doi=10.1016%2fj.cell.2020.05.015&partnerID=40&md5=1c36ba012a64cfa0608c32b24dcfb4cf VL - 181 ID - 477 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had a major impact on how patients are evaluated and treated for diseases and conditions in normal patient care. Due to lack of effective treatments for this virus or vaccines to prevent infection, focus is placed on infection prevention through use of social distancing, quarantine, and face masks. To prevent COVID-19 infections in healthcare settings, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended decreasing or eliminating nonurgent office visits. Telehealth has emerged as an alternative way to deliver effective patient care, while reducing patient and physician exposure to the virus. Telehealth is any remote healthcare process, including provider training or team meetings, whereas telemedicine refers to use of specific technology to connect a patient to a provider. High quality of care can and must be provided by Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgeons (FPMRS) as well as other specialists and health professionals using telemedicine. Because of the health care emergency during the pandemic, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have broadened access to and reimbursement for telemedicine services. Rapid advances in communications technology and widespread wireless access in many modern households have allowed the adoption and integration of telemedicine into urogynecology and other health practices. There are no clear guidelines for the use of telemedicine in FPMRS. The aim of this study was to conduct an expedited review of the evidence and to provide guidance for managing common outpatient FPRMS conditions during the COVID pandemic using telemedicine. FPMRS conditions were grouped into those that likely to require different treatment with virtual management compared with in-person visits, and those that could use accepted behavioral counseling and not deviate from current management paradigms. Rapid systematic review methodology was used to screen for articles related to 4 topics: (1) telemedicine in FPMRS, (2) pessary management, (3) urinary tract infections, and (4) urinary retention. In addition, 4 other topics were addressed (based on past systematic reviews and national or international society guidelines): (1) urinary incontinence, (2) vaginal prolapse, (3) fecal incontinence, and (4) defecatory dysfunction. Finally, clinical experience and expertise were pooled to reach consensus on 4 remaining areas: (1) FPMRS conditions amenable to virtual management, (2) urgent care scenarios requiring in-person visits, (3) symptoms that should alert providers to a possible COVID infection, and (4) special consideration for managing patients with known or suspected COVID-19. Overall, behavioral, medical, and conservative management provided in a virtual setting (via phone or Internet communication) will be valuable as first-line treatments. Certain situations were identified that require different treatments in the virtual setting than in person, whereas others were shown to require an in-person visit despite risks of COVID-19 exposure and spread of infection. This study presents guidance for treating FPMRS conditions via telemedicine in a format that can be actively referenced. The strengths of the study include use of an expedited review method, extensive experience of the authors in conducting systematic reviews, as well as being seasoned FPMRS practitioners. Main limitations include the rapid methodology, lack of data regarding many of the pertinent questions, and missed salient studies, because of the expedited evidence methods. © 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. AD - Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, TriHealth, Cincinnati, OH, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Urogynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Women's Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, United States Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States Department of Women's Health, Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, St Elizabeth Healthcare, Fort Thomas, KY, United States Section of Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States AU - Grimes, C. L. AU - Balk, E. M. AU - Crisp, C. C. AU - Antosh, D. D. AU - Murphy, M. AU - Halder, G. E. AU - Jeppson, P. C. AU - Lebrun, E. E. W. AU - Raman, S. AU - Kim-Fine, S. AU - Iglesia, C. AU - Dieter, A. A. AU - Yurteri-Kaplan, L. AU - Adam, G. AU - Meriwether, K. V. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000825 IS - 8 J2 - Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. KW - coronavirus disease 2019 defecation disorder feces incontinence health care access health care quality health care utilization human infection prevention pandemic patient care patient counseling pelvic organ prolapse quarantine reimbursement Review social distancing telemedicine urine incontinence urine retention LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: OGSUA PY - 2020 SN - 00297828 (ISSN) SP - 469-470 ST - A Guide for Urogynecologic Patient Care Utilizing Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Review of Existing Evidence T2 - Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey TI - A Guide for Urogynecologic Patient Care Utilizing Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Review of Existing Evidence UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092218867&doi=10.1097%2fOGX.0000000000000825&partnerID=40&md5=2dcbfbbb0dbf8fa5fef988f2af08177a VL - 75 ID - 419 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Introduction and hypothesis: The COVID-19 pandemic and the desire to “flatten the curve” of transmission have significantly affected the way providers care for patients. Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgeons (FPMRS) must provide high quality of care through remote access such as telemedicine. No clear guidelines exist on the use of telemedicine in FPMRS. Using expedited literature review methodology, we provide guidance regarding management of common outpatient urogynecology scenarios during the pandemic. Methods: We grouped FPMRS conditions into those in which virtual management differs from direct in-person visits and conditions in which treatment would emphasize behavioral and conservative counseling but not deviate from current management paradigms. We conducted expedited literature review on four topics (telemedicine in FPMRS, pessary management, urinary tract infections, urinary retention) and addressed four other topics (urinary incontinence, prolapse, fecal incontinence, defecatory dysfunction) based on existing systematic reviews and guidelines. We further compiled expert consensus regarding management of FPMRS patients in the virtual setting, scenarios when in-person visits are necessary, symptoms that should alert providers, and specific considerations for FPMRS patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Results: Behavioral, medical, and conservative management will be valuable as first-line virtual treatments. Certain situations will require different treatments in the virtual setting while others will require an in-person visit despite the risks of COVID-19 transmission. Conclusions: We have presented guidance for treating FPMRS conditions via telemedicine based on rapid literature review and expert consensus and presented it in a format that can be actively referenced. © 2020, The International Urogynecological Association. AD - Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Urology, New York Medical College, 19 Bradhurst Avenue, Suite 2700 South Hawthorne, Valhalla, NY 10532, United States Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, TriHealth, Cincinnati, OH, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Urogynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Women’s Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, United States Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States Department of Women’s Health, Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Elizabeth Healthcare, Fort Thomas, KY, United States Section of Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States AU - Grimes, C. L. AU - Balk, E. M. AU - Crisp, C. C. AU - Antosh, D. D. AU - Murphy, M. AU - Halder, G. E. AU - Jeppson, P. C. AU - Weber LeBrun, E. E. AU - Raman, S. AU - Kim-Fine, S. AU - Iglesia, C. AU - Dieter, A. A. AU - Yurteri-Kaplan, L. AU - Adam, G. AU - Meriwether, K. V. C2 - 32342112 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s00192-020-04314-4 IS - 6 J2 - Int. Urogynecol. J. KW - COVID-19 FPMRS Pandemic Systematic review Telemedicine Urogynecology Virtual visit antibiotic agent quinolone derivative antibiotic prophylaxis antibiotic resistance Article bladder emptying conservative treatment coronavirus disease 2019 defecation disorder diabetes mellitus feces incontinence follow up gynecologic disease health care utilization human infection complication meta analysis micturition disorder mixed incontinence nursing home patient care patient counseling patient satisfaction pelvic organ prolapse postoperative care priority journal recurrent infection stress incontinence telehealth urinary tract disease urinary tract infection urinary urgency urine incontinence urine retention Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection female gynecology infection control procedures urogenital tract disease virology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Female Urogenital Diseases Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: IUFDF Correspondence Address: Grimes, C.L.; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Urology, 19 Bradhurst Avenue, Suite 2700 South Hawthorne, United States; email: caragrimesmd@gmail.com Funding text 1: This work was conducted by the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons Collaborative Research in Pelvic Surgery Consortium (SGS CoRPS) and Systematic Review Group (SRG). Funding provided by the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons (SGS) supports assistance by methods experts in systematic reviews and other logistics. References: Smith, A.C., Thomas, E., Snoswell, C.L., Haydon, H., Mehrotra, A., Clemensen, J., Caffery, L.J., Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) J Telemed Telecare, , https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X20916567; Rogers, R.G., Swift, S., The world is upside down; how coronavirus changes the way we care for our patients (2020) Int Urogynecol J, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-020-04292-7; Evidence-Based Practice Center Program Rapid Review Guidance Document, , https://www.ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/funding/contracts/epc-vi/22-rapid_evidence:products_guidance.pdf, Accessed 4 Apr 2020; Balzarro, M., Rubilotta, E., Trabacchin, N., Mancini, V., Costantini, E., Artibani, W., Antonelli, A., A prospective comparative study of the feasibility and reliability of telephone follow-up in female urology: the patient Home Office novel evaluation (PHONE) study (2020) Urology, 136, pp. 82-87; Barry, H.C., Hickner, J., Ebell, M.H., Ettenhofer, T., A randomized controlled trial of telephone management of suspected urinary tract infections in women (2001) J Fam Pract, 50, pp. 589-594. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvjvVGiug%3D%3D, PID: 11485707; Gordon, A.S., Adamson, W.C., DeVries, A.R., Virtual visits for acute, nonurgent care: A claims analysis of episode-level utilization (2017) J Med Internet Res, 19; Jones, G., Brennan, V., Jacques, R., Wood, H., Dixon, S., Radley, S., Evaluating the impact of a “virtual clinic” on patient experience, personal and provider costs of care in urinary incontinence: A randomised controlled trial (2018) PLoS One, 13; Mehrotra, A., Paone, S., Martich, G.D., Albert, S.M., Shevchik, G.J., A comparison of care at e-visits and physician office visits for sinusitis and urinary tract infection (2013) JAMA Intern Med, 173, pp. 72-74; Tates, K., Antheunis, M.L., Kanters, S., Nieboer, T.E., Gerritse, M.B., The effect of screen-to-screen versus face-to-face consultation on doctor-patient communication: an experimental study with simulated patients (2017) J Med Internet Res, 19; Thompson, J.C., Cichowski, S.B., Rogers, R.G., Qeadan, F., Zambrano, J., Wenzl, C., Jeppson, P.C., Komesu, Y.M., Outpatient visits versus telephone interviews for postoperative care: a randomized controlled trial (2019) Int Urogynecol J, 30, pp. 1639-1646; Akbar, N., Dobson, E.L., Keefer, M., Munsiff, S., Dumyati, G., 1082. Hold the phone: antibiotic prescribing practices associated with nonvisit encounters for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in urology clinics (2019) Open Forum Infect Dis, 6, p. S384; Schlittenhardt, M., Smith, S.C., Ward-Smith, P., Tele-continence care: A novel approach for providers (2016) Urol Nurs, 36, pp. 217-223; Your Pelvic Floor Leaflets, , https://www.yourpelvicfloor.org/leaflets/, Accessed 5 Apr 2020; Voices for Pelvic Floor Disorders Fact Sheets and Downloads, , https://www.voicesforpfd.org/resources/fact-sheets-and-downloads/, Accessed 5 Apr 2020; Urinary Incontinence Education Learning Library, , https://www.nafc.org/learning-library, . Accessed 5 Apr 2020; Medicare Telemedicine Healthcare Provider Fact Sheet, , https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/medicare-telemedicine-health-care-provider-fact-sheet, . Accessed 3 Apr 2020; Miceli, A., Fernández-Sánchez, M., Polo-Padillo, J., Dueñas-Díez, J.-L., Is it safe and effective to maintain the vaginal pessary without removing it for 2 consecutive years? (2020) Int Urogynecol J, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-020-04240-5; Propst, K., Mellen, C., O’Sullivan, D.M., Tulikangas, P.K., Timing of office-based pessary care: A randomized controlled trial (2020) Obstet Gynecol, 135, pp. 100-105; Tam, M.-S., Lee, V.Y.T., Yu, E.L.M., Wan, R.S.F., Tang, J.S.M., He, J.M.Y., Lui, L.K.Y., Lee, K.-W., The effect of time interval of vaginal ring pessary replacement for pelvic organ prolapse on complications and patient satisfaction: A randomised controlled trial (2019) Maturitas, 128, pp. 29-35; Cheung, R.Y.K., Lee, J.H.S., Lee, L.L., Chung, T.K.H., Chan, S.S.C., Vaginal pessary in women with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse: A randomized controlled trial (2016) Obstet Gynecol, 128, pp. 73-80; Thys, S.D., Hakvoort, R.A., Asseler, J., Milani, A.L., Vollebregt, A., Roovers, J.P., Effect of pessary cleaning and optimal time interval for follow-up: a prospective cohort study (2020) Int Urogynecol J, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-019-04200-8; Chien, C.-W., Lo, T.-S., Tseng, L.-H., Lin, Y.-H., Hsieh, W.-C., Lee, S.-J., Long-term outcomes of self-management Gellhorn pessary for symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (2019) Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg, , https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0000000000000770; Lone, F., Thakar, R., Sultan, A.H., Karamalis, G., A 5-year prospective study of vaginal pessary use for pelvic organ prolapse (2011) Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 114, pp. 56-59; Wu, V., Farrell, S.A., Baskett, T.F., Flowerdew, G., A simplified protocol for pessary management (1997) Obstet Gynecol, 90, pp. 990-994; Coolen, A.-L.W.M., Troost, S., Mol, B.W.J., Roovers, J.-P.W.R., Bongers, M.Y., Primary treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: pessary use versus prolapse surgery (2018) Int Urogynecol J, 29, pp. 99-107; Yang, J., Han, J., Zhu, F., Wang, Y., Ring and Gellhorn pessaries used in patients with pelvic organ prolapse: a retrospective study of 8 years (2018) Arch Gynecol Obstet, 298, pp. 623-629; Ramsay, S., Tu, L.M., Tannenbaum, C., Natural history of pessary use in women aged 65 - 74 versus 75 years and older with pelvic organ prolapse: a 12-year study (2016) Int Urogynecol J, 27, pp. 1201-1207; Collins, S., Beigi, R., Mellen, C., O’Sullivan, D., Tulikangas, P., The effect of pessaries on the vaginal microenvironment (2015) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 212, pp. 60.e1-60.e6; de A Coelho, S.C., Giraldo, P.C., Florentino, J.O., de Castro, E.B., LGO, B., CRT, J., Can the pessary use modify the vaginal microbiological flora? A cross-sectional study (2017) Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet, 39, pp. 169-174; Deng, M., Ding, J., Ai, F., Zhu, L., Clinical use of ring with support pessary for advanced pelvic organ prolapse and predictors of its short-term successful use (2017) Menopause, 24, pp. 954-958; Manchana, T., Ring pessary for all pelvic organ prolapse (2011) Arch Gynecol Obstet, 284, pp. 391-395; Dessie, S.G., Armstrong, K., Modest, A.M., Hacker, M.R., Hota, L.S., Effect of vaginal estrogen on pessary use (2016) Int Urogynecol J, 27, pp. 1423-1429; Deng, M., Ding, J., Ai, F., Zhu, L., Successful use of the Gellhorn pessary as a second-line pessary in women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (2017) Menopause, 24, pp. 1277-1281; Sasaki, T., Agari, T., Date, I., Devices and practices for improving the accuracy of deep brain stimulation (2018) No Shinkei Geka, 46, pp. 751-762; Kasper, S., Editorial issue 4/2019 (2019) Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract, 23, p. 237; Interpretation of the bacteriologic outcome of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated cystitis: impact of the definition of significant bacteriuria in a comparison of ritipenem acoxil with norfloxacin. Swedish urinary tract infection study group (1995) Clin Infect Dis, 20, pp. 507-513; Jansåker, F., Frimodt-Møller, N., Bjerrum, L., Dahl Knudsen, J., The efficacy of pivmecillinam: 3 days or 5 days t.i.d against community acquired uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections—a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial study protocol (2016) BMC Infect Dis, 16, p. 727; García-Rodríguez, J.A., Bacteriological comparison of cefixime in patients with noncomplicated urinary tract infection in Spain (1998) Preliminary Results Chemotherapy, 44, pp. 28-30; Guneysel, O., Onur, O., Erdede, M., Denizbasi, A., Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in urinary tract infections (2009) J Emerg Med, 36, pp. 338-341; Johnson, J.R., Stamm, W.E., Urinary tract infections in women: diagnosis and treatment (1989) Ann Intern Med, 111, pp. 906-917; Johnson, L., Sabel, A., Burman, W.J., Everhart, R.M., Rome, M., MacKenzie, T.D., Rozwadowski, J., Price, C.S., Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in outpatient urinary Escherichia coli isolates (2008) Am J Med, 121, pp. 876-884; Kahan, N.R., Kahan, E., Waitman, D.-A., Chinitz, D.P., Economic evaluation of an updated guideline for the empiric treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women (2004) Isr Med Assoc J, 6, pp. 588-591. , PID: 15473583; Leibovici, L., Greenshtain, S., Cohen, O., Wysenbeek, A.J., Toward improved empiric management of moderate to severe urinary tract infections (1992) Arch Intern Med, 152, pp. 2481-2486. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2FptVShtQ%3D%3D; Mishra, B., Srivastava, S., Singh, K., Pandey, A., Agarwal, J., Symptom-based diagnosis of urinary tract infection in women: are we over-prescribing antibiotics? (2012) Int J Clin Pract, 66, pp. 493-498; Tchesnokova, V., Riddell, K., Scholes, D., Johnson, J.R., Sokurenko, E.V., The uropathogenic Escherichia coli subclone sequence type 131-H30 is responsible for most antibiotic prescription errors at an urgent care clinic (2019) Clin Infect Dis, 68, pp. 781-787; van der Donk, C.F.M., van de Bovenkamp, J.H.B., De Brauwer, E.I.G.B., De Mol, P., Feldhoff, K.-H., Kalka-Moll, W.M., Nys, S., Stobberingh, E.E., Antimicrobial resistance and spread of multi drug resistant Escherichia coli isolates collected from nine urology services in the Euregion Meuse-Rhine (2012) PLoS One, 7; Linsenmeyer, K., Strymish, J., Gupta, K., Two simple rules for improving the accuracy of empiric treatment of multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections (2015) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 59, pp. 7593-7596; MacFadden, D.R., Ridgway, J.P., Robicsek, A., Elligsen, M., Daneman, N., Predictive utility of prior positive urine cultures (2014) Clin Infect Dis, 59, pp. 1265-1271; Bischoff, S., Walter, T., Gerigk, M., Ebert, M., Vogelmann, R., Empiric antibiotic therapy in urinary tract infection in patients with risk factors for antibiotic resistance in a German emergency department (2018) BMC Infect Dis, 18, p. 56; Bonfiglio, G., Mattina, R., Lanzafame, A., Cammarata, E., Tempera, G., Fosfomycin tromethamine in uncomplicated urinary tract infections: a clinical study (2005) Chemotherapy, 51, pp. 162-166; Chiu, C.-C., Lin, T.-C., Wu, R.-X., Yang, Y.-S., Hsiao, P.-J., Lee, Y., Lin, J.-C., Chang, F.-Y., Etiologies of community-onset urinary tract infections requiring hospitalization and antimicrobial susceptibilities of causative microorganisms (2017) J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 50, pp. 879-885; Clark, R., Welk, B., The ability of prior urinary cultures results to predict future culture results in neurogenic bladder patients (2018) Neurourol Urodyn, 37, pp. 2645-2650; Datta, R., Advani, S., Rink, A., Bianco, L., van Ness, P.H., Quagliarello, V., Increased fluoroquinolone-susceptibility and preserved nitrofurantoin-susceptibility among Escherichia coli urine isolates from women long-term care residents: A brief report (2018) Open Access J Gerontol Geriatr Med, , https://doi.org/10.19080/OAJGGM.2018.04.555636; Dokter, J., Tennyson, L.E., Nguyen, L., Han, E., Sirls, L.T., The clinical rate of antibiotic change following empiric treatment for suspected urinary tract infections (2020) Int Urol Nephrol, 52, pp. 431-436; Neuzillet, Y., Naber, K.G., Schito, G., Gualco, L., Botto, H., French results of the ARESC study: clinical aspects and epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in female patients with cystitis. Implications for empiric therapy (2012) Med Mal Infect, 42, pp. 66-75; Barry, H.C., Ebell, M.H., Hickner, J., Evaluation of suspected urinary tract infection in ambulatory women: a cost-utility analysis of office-based strategies (1997) J Fam Pract, 44, pp. 49-60. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7mtlGltg%3D%3D, PID: 9010371; Bent, S., Saint, S., The optimal use of diagnostic testing in women with acute uncomplicated cystitis (2002) Am J Med, 113, pp. 20S-28S; DeAlleaume, L., Tweed, E.M., Bonacci, R., Clinical inquiries. When are empiric antibiotics appropriate for urinary tract infection symptoms? (2006) J Fam Pract, 55 (338), pp. 341-342; Ross, A.M., UTI antimicrobial resistance: tricky decisions ahead? (2000) Br J Gen Pract, 50, pp. 612-613. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvptFKksA%3D%3D, PID: 11042910; Dixon, T., Urinary tract infections. Management mayhem? (1993) Can Fam Physician, 39, pp. 474-479. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3ivF2ltw%3D%3D, PID: 8471892; Giesen, L.G.M., Cousins, G., Dimitrov, B.D., van de Laar, F.A., Fahey, T., Predicting acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs (2010) BMC Fam Pract, 11, p. 78; Vellinga, A., Cormican, M., Hanahoe, B., Murphy, A.W., Predictive value of antimicrobial susceptibility from previous urinary tract infection in the treatment of re-infection (2010) Br J Gen Pract, 60, pp. 511-513; McGregor, J.C., Elman, M.R., Bearden, D.T., Smith, D.H., Sex- and age-specific trends in antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli urinary isolates from outpatients (2013) BMC Fam Pract, 14, p. 25; George, C.E., Norman, G., Ramana, G.V., Mukherjee, D., Rao, T., Treatment of uncomplicated symptomatic urinary tract infections: resistance patterns and misuse of antibiotics (2015) J Family Med Prim Care, 4, pp. 416-421; Anger, J., Lee, U., Ackerman, A.L., Chou, R., Chughtai, B., Clemens, J.Q., Hickling, D., Chai, T.C., Recurrent uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women: AUA/CUA/SUFU guideline (2019) J Urol, 202, pp. 282-289; Hanlon, J.T., Perera, S., Drinka, P.J., Crnich, C.J., Schweon, S.J., Klein-Fedyshin, M., Wessel, C.B., Nace, D.A., The IOU consensus recommendations for empirical therapy of cystitis in nursing home residents (2019) J Am Geriatr Soc, 67, pp. 539-545; Andriole, V.T., When to do culture in urinary tract infections (1999) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 11, pp. 253-255. , discussion 261; Le, T.P., Miller, L.G., Empirical therapy for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance: a decision and cost analysis (2001) Clin Infect Dis, 33, pp. 615-621; Bader, M.S., Hawboldt, J., Brooks, A., Management of complicated urinary tract infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance (2010) Postgrad Med, 122, pp. 7-15; Hsueh, P.-R., Hoban, D.J., Carmeli, Y., Chen, S.-Y., Desikan, S., Alejandria, M., Ko, W.-C., Binh, T.Q., Consensus review of the epidemiology and appropriate antimicrobial therapy of complicated urinary tract infections in Asia-Pacific region (2011) J Inf Secur, 63, pp. 114-123; McCue, J.D., Rationale for the use of oral fluoroquinolones as empiric treatment of nursing home infections (1994) Arch Fam Med, 3, pp. 157-164. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2Fos1KqsQ%3D%3D; Lutters, M., Vogt-Ferrier, N.B., Antibiotic duration for treating uncomplicated, symptomatic lower urinary tract infections in elderly women (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, , https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001535.pub2; Stapleton, A., Urinary tract infections in patients with diabetes (2002) Am J Med, 113, pp. 80S-84S; Wojno, K.J., Baunoch, D., Luke, N., Opel, M., Korman, H., Kelly, C., Jafri, S.M.A., Sirls, L., Multiplex PCR based urinary tract infection (UTI) analysis compared to traditional urine culture in identifying significant pathogens in symptomatic patients (2020) Urology, 136, pp. 119-126; Kranjčec, B., Papeš, D., Altarac, S., D-mannose powder for prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections in women: a randomized clinical trial (2014) World J Urol, 32, pp. 79-84; McQuiston Haslund, J., Rosborg Dinesen, M., Sternhagen Nielsen, A.B., Llor, C., Bjerrum, L., Different recommendations for empiric first-choice antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in Europe (2013) Scand J Prim Health Care, 31, pp. 235-240; Naber, K.G., Wullt, B., Wagenlehner, F.M.E., Antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in premenopausal women (2011) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 38, pp. 21-35; Knottnerus, B.J., Grigoryan, L., Geerlings, S.E., Moll van Charante, E.P., Verheij, T.J.M., Kessels, A.G.H., ter Riet, G., Comparative effectiveness of antibiotics for uncomplicated urinary tract infections: network meta-analysis of randomized trials (2012) Fam Pract, 29, pp. 659-670; Gupta, K., Addressing antibiotic resistance (2003) Dis Mon, 49, pp. 99-110; Nicolle, L., Anderson, P.A.M., Conly, J., Mainprize, T.C., Meuser, J., Nickel, J.C., Senikas, V.M., Zhanel, G.G., Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. Current practice and the effect of antibiotic resistance on empiric treatment (2006) Can Fam Physician, 52, pp. 612-618. , PID: 16739835; Cohn, E.B., Schaeffer, A.J., Urinary tract infections in adults (2004) ScientificWorldJournal, 4, pp. 76-88; File, T.M., Tan, J.S., Urinary tract infections in the elderly (1989) Geriatrics, 44, pp. 15-19. , PID: 2777092; Das, R., Perrelli, E., Towle, V., Van Ness, P.H., Juthani-Mehta, M., Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from urine samples obtained from nursing home residents (2009) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 30, pp. 1116-1119; Gupta, K., Hooton, T.M., Naber, K.G., Wullt, B., Colgan, R., Miller, L.G., Moran, G.J., Soper, D.E., International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: A 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (2011) Clin Infect Dis, 52, pp. e103-e120; Bradley, M.S., Beigi, R.H., Shepherd, J.P., A cost-minimization analysis of treatment options for postmenopausal women with dysuria (2019) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 221, pp. 505.e1-505.e7; Rothberg, M.B., Wong, J.B., All dysuria is local. A cost-effectiveness model for designing site-specific management algorithms (2004) J Gen Intern Med, 19, pp. 433-443; Fenwick, E.A., Briggs, A.H., Hawke, C.I., Management of urinary tract infection in general practice: a cost-effectiveness analysis (2000) Br J Gen Pract, 50, pp. 635-639. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvptFKktQ%3D%3D, PID: 11042915; McKinnell, J.A., Stollenwerk, N.S., Jung, C.W., Miller, L.G., Nitrofurantoin compares favorably to recommended agents as empirical treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in a decision and cost analysis (2011) Mayo Clin Proc, 86, pp. 480-488; Concia, E., Bragantini, D., Mazzaferri, F., Clinical evaluation of guidelines and therapeutic approaches in multi drug-resistant urinary tract infections (2017) J Chemother, 29, pp. 19-28; Faro, S., Fenner, D.E., Urinary tract infections (1998) Clin Obstet Gynecol, 41, pp. 744-754; Nicolle, L.E., Update in adult urinary tract infection (2011) Curr Infect Dis Rep, 13, pp. 552-560; Naber, K.G., Which fluoroquinolones are suitable for the treatment of urinary tract infections? (2001) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 17, pp. 331-341. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXisValsLo%3D; Buckley, B.S., Lapitan, M.C.M., Drugs for treatment of urinary retention after surgery in adults (2010) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, , https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008023.pub2; Burgio, K.L., Behavioral treatment of urinary incontinence, voiding dysfunction, and overactive bladder (2009) Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am, 36, pp. 475-491; Dörflinger, A., Monga, A., Voiding dysfunction (2001) Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 13, pp. 507-512; Lavelle, E.S., Alam, P., Meister, M., Florian-Rodriguez, M., Elmer-Lyon, C., Kowalski, J., Carter-Brooks, C., Sutkin, G., Antibiotic prophylaxis during catheter-managed postoperative urinary retention after pelvic reconstructive surgery: A randomized controlled trial (2019) Obstet Gynecol, 134, pp. 727-735; Lusardi, G., Lipp, A., Shaw, C., Antibiotic prophylaxis for short-term catheter bladder drainage in adults (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, , https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005428.pub2; Newman, D.K., Willson, M.M., Review of intermittent catheterization and current best practices (2011) Urol Nurs, 31 (12-28), p. 48. , quiz 29; Ramsey, S., Palmer, M., The management of female urinary retention (2006) Int Urol Nephrol, 38, pp. 533-535; Shokrpour, M., Shakiba, E., Sirous, A., Kamali, A., Evaluation the efficacy of prophylactic tamsulosin in preventing acute urinary retention and other obstructive urinary symptoms following colporrhaphy surgery (2019) J Family Med Prim Care, 8, pp. 722-727; Sutkin, G., Lowder, J.L., Smith, K.J., Prophylactic antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infection during clean intermittent self-catheterization (CISC) for management of voiding dysfunction after prolapse and incontinence surgery: a decision analysis (2009) Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct, 20, pp. 933-938; Tunitsky-Bitton, E., Murphy, A., Barber, M.D., Goldman, H.B., Vasavada, S., Jelovsek, J.E., Assessment of voiding after sling: a randomized trial of 2 methods of postoperative catheter management after midurethral sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence in women (2015) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 212, pp. 597.e1-597.e9; Dieter, A.A., Wu, J.M., Gage, J.L., Feliciano, K.M., Willis-Gray, M.G., Catheter burden following urogynecologic surgery (2019) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 221, pp. 507.e1-507.e7; Hakvoort, R.A., Nieuwkerk, P.T., Burger, M.P., Emanuel, M.H., Roovers, J.P., Patient preferences for clean intermittent catheterisation and transurethral indwelling catheterisation for treatment of abnormal post-void residual bladder volume after vaginal prolapse surgery (2011) BJOG, 118, pp. 1324-1328; Hentzen, C., Haddad, R., Ismael, S.S., Peyronnet, B., Gamé, X., Denys, P., Robain, G., Amarenco, G., Intermittent self-catheterization in older adults: predictors of success for technique learning (2018) Int Neurourol J, 22, pp. 65-71; Hentzen, C., Haddad, R., Ismael, S.S., Peyronnet, B., Gamé, X., Denys, P., Robain, G., Manceau, P., Predictive factors of adherence to urinary self-catheterization in older adults (2019) Neurourol Urodyn, 38, pp. 770-778; Kessler, T.M., Ryu, G., Burkhard, F.C., Clean intermittent self-catheterization: a burden for the patient? (2009) Neurourol Urodyn, 28, pp. 18-21; Meekins, A.R., Siddiqui, N.Y., Amundsen, C.L., Kuchibhatla, M., Dieter, A.A., Improving postoperative efficiency: an algorithm for expedited void trials after urogynecologic surgery (2017) South Med J, 110, pp. 785-790; Mulder, F.E.M., Hakvoort, R.A., de Bruin, J.P., van der Post, J.A.M., Roovers, J.-P.W.R., Comparison of clean intermittent and transurethral indwelling catheterization for the treatment of overt urinary retention after vaginal delivery: a multicentre randomized controlled clinical trial (2018) Int Urogynecol J, 29, pp. 1281-1287; Sassani, J.C., Stork, A., Ruppert, K., Bradley, M.S., Variables associated with an inability to learn clean intermittent self-catheterization after urogynecologic surgery (2019) Int Urogynecol J, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-019-03974-1; Stoffel, J.T., Peterson, A.C., Sandhu, J.S., Suskind, A.M., Wei, J.T., Lightner, D.J., AUA white paper on nonneurogenic chronic urinary retention: consensus definition, treatment algorithm, and outcome end points (2017) J Urol, 198, pp. 153-160; Willis-Gray, M.G., Wu, J.M., Field, C., Pulliam, S., Husk, K.E., Brueseke, T.J., Is a postvoid residual necessary? A randomized trial of two postoperative voiding protocols (2019) Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg, , https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0000000000000743; Alas, A., Hidalgo, R., Espaillat, L., Devakumar, H., Davila, G.W., Hurtado, E., Does spinal anesthesia lead to postoperative urinary retention in same-day urogynecology surgery? A retrospective review (2019) Int Urogynecol J, 30, pp. 1283-1289; Shatkin-Margolis, A., Yook, E., Hill, A.M., Crisp, C.C., Yeung, J., Kleeman, S., Pauls, R.N., Self-removal of a urinary catheter after Urogynecologic surgery: A randomized controlled trial (2019) Obstet Gynecol, 134, pp. 1027-1036; Hooton, T.M., Bradley, S.F., Cardenas, D.D., Colgan, R., Geerlings, S.E., Rice, J.C., Saint, S., Nicolle, L.E., Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 international clinical practice guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2010) Clin Infect Dis, 50, pp. 625-663; Madersbacher, H., Cardozo, L., Chapple, C., Abrams, P., Toozs-Hobson, P., Young, J.S., Wyndaele, J.-J., Gajewski, J.B., What are the causes and consequences of bladder overdistension? ICI-RS 2011 (2012) Neurourol Urodyn, 31, pp. 317-321; A Guide to Female Clean Intermitent Self Catheterization, , https://vimeo.com/261183016, Accessed 4 Apr 2020; Balk, E.M., Rofeberg, V.N., Adam, G.P., Kimmel, H.J., Trikalinos, T.A., Jeppson, P.C., Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments for urinary incontinence in women: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of clinical outcomes (2019) Ann Intern Med, 170, pp. 465-479; Simpson, A.N., Garbens, A., Dossa, F., Coyte, P.C., Baxter, N.N., McDermott, C.D., A cost-utility analysis of nonsurgical treatments for stress urinary incontinence in women (2019) Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg, 25, pp. 49-55; Richardson, K., Fox, C., Maidment, I., Steel, N., Loke, Y.K., Arthur, A., Myint, P.K., Savva, G.M., Anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia: case-control study (2018) BMJ, 361, p. k1315; Kelleher, C., Hakimi, Z., Zur, R., Siddiqui, E., Maman, K., Aballéa, S., Nazir, J., Chapple, C., Efficacy and tolerability of Mirabegron compared with Antimuscarinic monotherapy or combination therapies for overactive bladder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (2018) Eur Urol, 74, pp. 324-333; Chen, H.-L., Chen, T.-C., Chang, H.-M., Juan, Y.-S., Huang, W.-H., Pan, H.-F., Chang, Y.-C., Lee, H.Y., Mirabegron is alternative to antimuscarinic agents for overactive bladder without higher risk in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) World J Urol, 36, pp. 1285-1297; Barnes, K.L., Dunivan, G., Jaramillo-Huff, A., Krantz, T., Thompson, J., Jeppson, P., Evaluation of smartphone pelvic floor exercise applications using standardized scoring system (2019) Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg, 25, pp. 328-335; Nekkanti, S., Wu, J.M., Hudson, C.O., Pandya, L.K., Dieter, A.A., A randomized trial comparing continence pessary to a disposable intravaginal device [poise impressa®] for the non-surgical management of stress urinary incontinence (2019) Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg, 26, pp. S95-S96; Balk, E., Adam, G.P., Kimmel, H., Rofeberg, V., Saeed, I., Jeppson, P., Trikalinos, T., (2018) Nonsurgical Treatments for Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Systematic Review Update., , Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US), Rockville (MD); Wald, A., Bharucha, A.E., Cosman, B.C., Whitehead, W.E., ACG clinical guideline: management of benign anorectal disorders (2014) Am J Gastroenterol, 109, pp. 1141-1157. , (Quiz) 1058; Paquette, I.M., Varma, M.G., Kaiser, A.M., Steele, S.R., Rafferty, J.F., The american society of colon and rectal surgeons’ clinical practice guideline for the treatment of fecal incontinence (2015) Dis Colon Rectum, 58, pp. 623-636; Ridgeway, B.M., Weinstein, M.M., Tunitsky-Bitton, E., American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS) best-practice statement on evaluation of obstructed defecation (2018) Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg, 24, pp. 383-391; Carberry, C.L., Tulikangas, P.K., Ridgeway, B.M., Collins, S.A., Adam, R.A., American Urogynecologic Society (AUGS) best practice statement: evaluation and counseling of patients with pelvic organ prolapse (2017) Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg, 23, pp. 281-287; Bradley, C.S., Zimmerman, M.B., Qi, Y., Nygaard, I.E., Natural history of pelvic organ prolapse in postmenopausal women (2007) Obstet Gynecol, 109, pp. 848-854; Gilchrist, A.S., Campbell, W., Steele, H., Brazell, H., Foote, J., Swift, S., Outcomes of observation as therapy for pelvic organ prolapse: a study in the natural history of pelvic organ prolapse (2013) Neurourol Urodyn, 32, pp. 383-386; Dumoulin, C., Hunter, K.F., Moore, K., Bradley, C.S., Burgio, K.L., Hagen, S., Imamura, M., Chambers, T., Conservative management for female urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse review 2013: summary of the 5th international consultation on incontinence (2016) Neurourol Urodyn, 35, pp. 15-20; Braekken, I.H., Majida, M., Engh, M.E., Bø, K., Can pelvic floor muscle training reverse pelvic organ prolapse and reduce prolapse symptoms? An assessor-blinded, randomized, controlled trial (2010) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 203, pp. 170.e1-170.e7; Modi, R.M., Hinton, A., Pinkhas, D., Groce, R., Meyer, M.M., Balasubramanian, G., Levine, E., Stanich, P.P., Implementation of a defecation posture modification device: impact on bowel movement patterns in healthy subjects (2019) J Clin Gastroenterol, 53, pp. 216-219; Acooagcopbdunivan, G.C., Chen, C.C.G., Rogers, R.G., ACOG practice bulletin no. 210: Fecal incontinence (2019) Obstet Gynecol, 133, pp. e260-e273. , https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003187; Forte, M.L., Andrade, K.E., Butler, M., Lowry, A.C., Bliss, D.Z., Slavin, J.L., Kane, R.L., (2016) Treatments for Fecal Incontinence, , Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Deutekom, M., Dobben, A., Plugs for containing faecal incontinence (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, , https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005086.pub2; Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Zhang, L., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513; COVID-19: Recommendations for Management of Elective Surgical Procedures, , https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-surgery, . Accessed 2 Apr 2020; Weber Lebrun, E.E., Moawad, N.S., Rosenberg, E.I., Morey, T.E., Davies, L., Collins, W.O., COVID-19 pandemic: Staged Management of Surgical Services for gynecology and obstetrics (2020) Am J Obstet Gynecol, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.038; Recommendations regarding Surgical Response to COVID-19 Crisis, , https://www.sages.org/recommendations-surgical-response-covid-19/, Accessed 2 Apr 2020; Chen, X., Liu, Y., Gong, Y., Guo, X., Zuo, M., Li, J., Perioperative Management of Patients Infected with the novel coronavirus: recommendation from the joint task force of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology and the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists (2020) Anesthesiology, , https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000003301; Bacheller, C.D., Bernstein, J.M., Urinary tract infections (1997) Med Clin North Am, 81, pp. 719-730 PY - 2020 SN - 09373462 (ISSN) SP - 1063-1089 ST - A guide for urogynecologic patient care utilizing telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: review of existing evidence T2 - International Urogynecology Journal TI - A guide for urogynecologic patient care utilizing telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: review of existing evidence UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083990998&doi=10.1007%2fs00192-020-04314-4&partnerID=40&md5=b4bf9caac11533055fc5fa60aab73cdf VL - 31 ID - 492 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: COVID-19 has impacted delivery of outpatient gynecology and shifted care toward use of telemedicine. Objective: To rapidly review literature and society guidelines and create expert consensus to provide guidance regarding management of outpatient gynecology scenarios via telemedicine. Search strategy: Searches were conducted in Medline and Cochrane databases from inception through April 15, 2020. Selection criteria: Literature searches were conducted for articles on telemedicine and abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, vaginitis, and postoperative care. Searches were restricted to available English language publications. Data collection and analysis: Expedited literature review methodology was followed and 10 943 citations were single-screened. Full-text articles and relevant guidelines were reviewed and narrative summaries developed. Main results: Fifty-one studies on the use of telemedicine in gynecology were found. Findings were reported for these studies and combined with society guidelines and expert consensus on four topics (abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis, vaginal discharge, and postoperative care). Conclusions: Guidance for treating gynecological conditions via telemedicine based on expedited literature review, review of society recommendations, and expert consensus is presented. Due to minimal evidence surrounding telemedicine and gynecology, a final consensus document is presented here that can be efficiently used in a clinical setting. © 2020 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics AD - Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Urology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States Prohealth Women Services, Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Waukesha Memorial Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin, Waukesha, WI, United States Division of Gynecologic Specialty Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States Division of Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States AU - Grimes, C. L. AU - Balk, E. M. AU - Dieter, A. A. AU - Singh, R. AU - Wieslander, C. K. AU - Jeppson, P. C. AU - Aschkenazi, S. O. AU - Kim, J. H. AU - Truong, M. D. AU - Gupta, A. S. AU - Keltz, J. G. AU - Hobson, D. T. G. AU - Sheyn, D. AU - Petruska, S. E. AU - Adam, G. AU - Meriwether, K. V. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/ijgo.13276 IS - 3 J2 - Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. KW - COVID-19 Gynecology Pandemic Telehealth Telemedicine consensus coronavirus disease 2019 diagnostic test endometriosis gynecologist herpes simplex human outpatient care patient care patient counseling patient satisfaction pelvis pain syndrome postoperative care postoperative complication practice guideline priority journal Review sexually transmitted disease social media uterus bleeding vagina discharge (disease) vaginitis vulva disease vulvar irritation LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: IJGOA Correspondence Address: Grimes, C.L.; Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, United States; email: caragrimesmd@gmail.com Funding text 1: This work was conducted by the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons Collaborative Research in Pelvic Surgery Consortium (SGS CoRPS) and Systematic Review Group (SRG). Funding provided by the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons (SGS) supports assistance by methods experts in systematic reviews and other logistics. References: Rothan, H.A., Byrareddy, S.N., The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak (2020) J Autoimmun, 109, p. 102433; Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) Int J Surg, 76, pp. 71-76; Weinstein, R.S., Lopez, A.M., Joseph, B.A., Telemedicine, telehealth, and mobile health applications that work: Opportunities and barriers (2014) Am J Med, 127, pp. 183-187; DeNicola, N., Grossman, D., Marko, K., Telehealth interventions to improve obstetric and gynecologic health outcomes: A systematic review (2020) Obstet Gynecol, 135, pp. 371-382; ACOG committee opinion summary, number 798 (2020) Obstet Gynecol, 135, pp. 493-494; Grimes, C.L., Balk, E.M., Crisp, C.C., A guide for urogynecologic patient care utilizing telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: Review of existing evidence (2020) Int Urogynecol J, 31, pp. 1063-1089; Hartling, L., Guise, J.-M., Hempel, S., (2016) EPC Methods: AHRQ End-User Perspectives of Rapid Reviews, , Rockville, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G., Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement (2009) PLoS Medicine, 6; Fraser, I.S., Römer, T., Parke, S., Effective treatment of heavy and/or prolonged menstrual bleeding with an oral contraceptive containing estradiol valerate and dienogest: A randomized, double-blind Phase III trial (2011) Hum Reprod, 26, pp. 2698-2708; Nippita, S., Oviedo, J.D., Velasco, M.G., Westhoff, C.L., Davis, A.R., Castaño, P.M., A randomized controlled trial of daily text messages versus monthly paper diaries to collect bleeding data after intrauterine device insertion (2015) Contraception, 92, pp. 578-584; Jacobson, A.E., Vesely, S.K., Haamid, F., Christian-Rancy, M., O’Brien, S.H., Mobile application vs paper pictorial blood assessment chart to track menses in young women: A randomized cross-over design (2018) J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol, 31, pp. 84-88; Zou, Q., Zhang, G., Liu, Y., Health education using telephone and WeChat in treatment of symptomatic uterine myoma with high-intensity focused ultrasound (2018) Med Sci Monit Basic Res, 24, pp. 127-133; Jayaprakasan, K., Polanski, L., Sahu, B., Thornton, J.G., Raine-Fenning, N., Surgical intervention versus expectant management for endometrial polyps in subfertile women (2014) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, p. CD009592. , https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009592.pub2; Munro, M.G., Acute uterine bleeding unrelated to pregnancy: A Southern California Permanente Medical Group practice guideline (2013) Perm J, 17, pp. 43-56; Gallos, I.D., Ofinran, O., Shehmar, M., Coomarasamy, A., Gupta, J.K., Current management of endometrial hyperplasia-a survey of United Kingdom consultant gynaecologists (2011) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 158, pp. 305-307; Tyburski, E.A., Gillespie, S.E., Stoy, W.A., Disposable platform provides visual and color-based point-of-care anemia self-testing (2014) J Clin Invest, 124, pp. 4387-4394; Reynen, E., Grabell, J., Ellis, A.K., James, P., Let’s Talk Period! Preliminary results of an online bleeding awareness knowledge translation project and bleeding assessment tool promoted on social media (2017) Haemophilia, 23, pp. e282-e286; Latthe, P.M., Latthe, M., Khan, K.S., Quality of medical information about menorrhagia on the worldwide web (2000) BJOG, 107, pp. 39-43; Collings, S., Thompson, O., Hirst, E., Goossens, L., George, A., Weinkove, R., Non-invasive detection of anaemia using digital photographs of the conjunctiva (2016) PLoS One, 11; de Melo, D.G., Jallad, P.S.S., Brito, L.G.O., Quality information about uterine fibroids on the internet (2018) Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet, 40, pp. 547-553; Moglia, M.L., Nguyen, H.V., Chyjek, K., Chen, K.T., Castaño, P.M., Evaluation of smartphone menstrual cycle tracking applications using an adapted APPLICATIONS scoring system (2016) Obstet Gynecol, 127, pp. 1153-1160; Fennessy, F.M., Kong, C.Y., Tempany, C.M., Swan, J.S., Quality-of-life assessment of fibroid treatment options and outcomes (2011) Radiology, 259, pp. 785-792; Uterine fibroids, , https://www.acog.org/store/products/patient-education/pamphlets/gynecologic-problems/uterine-fibroids, Accessed April 19, 2020; http://www.misforwomen.com/service/medical-library/conditions/abnormal-uterine-bleeding/, Accessed April 19, 2020; Kollias, A., Kyriakoulis, K.G., Dimakakos, E., Poulakou, G., Stergiou, G.S., Syrigos, K., Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulant therapy in COVID-19 patients: Emerging evidence and call for action (2020) Br J Haematol, 189, pp. 846-847; Han, H., Yang, L., Liu, R., Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Clin Chem Lab Med, 58, pp. 1116-1120; Xiong, M., Liang, X., Wei, Y.-D., Changes in blood coagulation in patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A meta-analysis (2020) Br J Haematol, 189, pp. 1050-1052; COVID-19: Joint Statement on Elective Surgeries, , https://www.aagl.org/covid-19/covid-19-joint-statement-on-elective-surgeries/, Accessed April 18, 2020; Ball, E., Newton, S., Rohricht, F., mHealth: Providing a mindfulness app for women with chronic pelvic pain in gynaecology outpatient clinics: qualitative data analysis of user experience and lessons learnt (2020) BMJ Open, 10; Zarski, A.-C., Berking, M., Fackiner, C., Rosenau, C., Ebert, D.D., Internet-based guided self-help for vaginal penetration difficulties: Results of a randomized controlled pilot trial (2017) J Sex Med, 14, pp. 238-254; Blödt, S., Pach, D., von Eisenhart-Rothe, S., Effectiveness of app-based self-acupressure for women with menstrual pain compared to usual care: A randomized pragmatic trial (2018) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 218, pp. 227.e1-227.e9; Lee, J., Kim, J., Can menstrual health apps selected based on users’ needs change health-related factors? A double-blind randomized controlled trial (2019) J Am Med Inform Assoc, 26, pp. 655-666; Lee, M.-H., Wu, H.-C., Lin, J.-Y., Tan, T.-H., Chan, P.-C., Chen, Y.-F., Development and evaluation of an E-health system to care for patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (2014) Int J Urol, 21 (Suppl.1), pp. 62-68; Lee, M.-H., Wu, H.-C., Tseng, C.-M., Ko, T.-L., Weng, T.-J., Chen, Y.-F., Health education and symptom flare management using a video-based m-health system for caring women with IC/BPS (2018) Urology, 119, pp. 62-69; Reed, B.D., Haefner, H.K., Harlow, S.D., Gorenflo, D.W., Sen, A., Reliability and validity of self-reported symptoms for predicting vulvodynia (2006) Obstet Gynecol, 108, pp. 906-913; Cezar, T.C., Schweppe, K.W., Pletzer, K.R., The cost-effective, but forgotten, medical endometriosis therapy: A prospective, quasi-randomized study on progestin therapy (2018) Facts Views Vis Obgyn, 10, pp. 181-190; Tirlapur, S.A., Leiu, C., Khan, K.S., Quality of information on the internet related to bladder pain syndrome: A systematic review of the evidence (2013) Int Urogynecol J, 24, pp. 1257-1262; Hirsch, M., Aggarwal, S., Barker, C., Davis, C.J., Duffy, J.M.N., Googling endometriosis: A systematic review of information available on the Internet (2017) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 216, pp. 451-458.e1; Scriven, H., Doherty, D.P., Ward, E.C., Evaluation of a multisite telehealth group model for persistent pain management for rural/remote participants (2019) Rural Remote Health, 19, p. 4710; North, F., Ward, W.J., Varkey, P., Tulledge-Scheitel, S.M., Should you search the Internet for information about your acute symptom? (2012) Telemed J E Health, 18, pp. 213-218; Lovett, J., Gordon, C., Patton, S., Chen, C.X., Online information on dysmenorrhoea: An evaluation of readability, credibility, quality and usability (2019) J Clin Nurs, 28, pp. 3590-3598; Shoebotham, A., Coulson, N.S., Therapeutic affordances of online support group use in women with endometriosis (2016) J Med Internet Res, 18; Myers, D.R., Weiss, A., Rollins, M.R., Lam, W.A., Towards remote assessment and screening of acute abdominal pain using only a smartphone with native accelerometers (2017) Sci Rep, 7, p. 12750; Endometriosis resources (2015) Nursing, 45, p. 68; http://endometriosis.org/, Accessed April 19, 2020; https://www.endofound.org/, Accessed April 19, 2020; Endometriosis, , https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/endometriosis, Accessed April 19, 2020; Myths & Facts About Endometriosis, , https://endometriosisassn.org/, Accessed April 19, 2020; Hormone treatment for endometriosis symptoms –what are my options?, , https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng73/resources/patient-decision-aid-hormone-treatment-for-endometriosis-symptoms-what-are-my-options-pdf-4595573197, Accessed April 18, 2020; Interstitial Cystitis - IC Symptoms Treatments, Pain And Causes, , https://www.ic-network.com/, Accessed April 19, 2020; https://www.ichelp.org/, Accessed April 19, 2020; Interstitial cystitis, painful bladder syndrome, IC/PBS, PBS/IC, , http://www.painful-bladder.org/, Accessed April 19, 2020; Brazier, J.E., Harper, R., Jones, N.M., Validating the SF-36 health survey questionnaire: new outcome measure for primary care (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 160-164; Guyatt, G.H., Feeny, D.H., Patrick, D.L., Measuring health-related quality of life (1993) Ann Intern Med, 118, pp. 622-629; Jones, G.L., Kennedy, S.H., Jenkinson, C., Health-related quality of life measurement in women with common benign gynecologic conditions: A systematic review (2002) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 187, pp. 501-511; Neelakantan, D., Omojole, F., Clark, T.J., Gupta, J.K., Khan, K.S., Quality of life instruments in studies of chronic pelvic pain: A systematic review (2004) J Obstet Gynaecol, 24, pp. 851-858; Jones, G., Jenkinson, C., Kennedy, S., Development of the Short Form Endometriosis Health Profile Questionnaire: the EHP-5 (2004) Qual Life Res, 13, pp. 695-704; Moradi, M., Parker, M., Sneddon, A., Lopez, V., Ellwood, D., The Endometriosis Impact Questionnaire (EIQ): a tool to measure the long-term impact of endometriosis on different aspects of women’s lives (2019) BMC Womens Health, 19, p. 64; Kanter, G., Komesu, Y.M., Qaedan, F., Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a novel treatment for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial (2016) Int Urogynecol J, 27, pp. 1705-1711; Crisp, C.C., Vaccaro, C.M., Estanol, M.V., Intra-vaginal diazepam for high-tone pelvic floor dysfunction: a randomized placebo-controlled trial (2013) Int Urogynecol J, 24, pp. 1915-1923; College, A., of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Committee on Gynecologic Practice, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP). Committee opinion no 673: persistent vulvar pain (2016) Obstet Gynecol, 128, pp. e78-e84; ACOG practice bulletin, number 218 (2020) Obstet Gynecol, 135, pp. e98-e109; Holland, M.A., Joyce, J.S., Brennaman, L.M., Drobnis, E.Z., Starr, J.A., Foster, R.T., Intravaginal Diazepam for the Treatment of Pelvic Floor Hypertonic Disorder: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2019) Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg, 25, pp. 76-81; Hanno, P.M., Erickson, D., Moldwin, R., Faraday, M.M., American Urological Association. Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment (2015) J Urol, 193, pp. 1545-1553; Lyons, R.J., Ahmad, S., Ansari, S., Foote, J.E., Jain, N., Pentosan Polysulfate-Associated Macular Disease in Patients With Interstitial Cystitis (2020) Obstet Gynecol; Hanif, A.M., Armenti, S.T., Taylor, S.C., Phenotypic Spectrum of Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium-Associated Maculopathy (2019) A Multicenter Study. JAMA Ophthalmol; 760: dysmenorrhea and endometriosis in the adolescent (2018) Obstet Gynecol, 132, pp. e249-e258; 110: noncontraceptive uses of hormonal contraceptives (2010) Obstet Gynecol, 115, pp. 206-218; 114: management of endometriosis (2010) Obstet Gynecol, 116, pp. 223-236; Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Treatment of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis: a committee opinion (2014) Fertil Steril, 101, pp. 927-935; Dunselman, G.A.J., Vermeulen, N., Becker, C., ESHRE guideline: management of women with endometriosis (2014) Hum Reprod, 29, pp. 400-412; Speer, L.M., Mushkbar, S., Erbele, T., Chronic pelvic pain in women (2016) Am Fam Physician, 93, pp. 380-387; Graseck, A.S., Secura, G.M., Allsworth, J.E., Madden, T., Peipert, J.F., Home screening compared with clinic-based screening for sexually transmitted infections (2010) Obstet Gynecol, 115, pp. 745-752; Allen-Davis, J.T., Beck, A., Parker, R., Ellis, J.L., Polley, D., Assessment of vulvovaginal complaints: accuracy of telephone triage and in-office diagnosis (2002) Obstet Gynecol, 99, pp. 18-22; Des Marais, A.C., Zhao, Y., Hobbs, M.M., Home Self-Collection by Mail to Test for Human Papillomavirus and Sexually Transmitted Infections (2018) Obstet Gynecol, 132, pp. 1412-1420; Hoffstetter, S., Barr, S., LeFevre, C., Gavard, J.A., Telephone triage: diagnosis of candidiasis based upon self-reported vulvovaginal symptoms (2012) J Low Genit Tract Dis, 16, pp. 251-255; Garrow, S.C., Smith, D.W., Harnett, G.B., The diagnosis of chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and trichomonas infections by self obtained low vaginal swabs, in remote northern Australian clinical practice (2002) Sex Transm Infect, 78, pp. 278-281; Gaydos, C.A., Barnes, M., Aumakhan, B., Can e-technology through the Internet be used as a new tool to address the Chlamydia trachomatis epidemic by home sampling and vaginal swabs? (2009) Sex Transm Dis, 36, pp. 577-580; Gaydos, C.A., Barnes, M., Aumakhan, B., Chlamydia trachomatis age-specific prevalence in women who used an internet-based self-screening program compared to women who were screened in family planning clinics (2011) Sex Transm Dis, 38, pp. 74-78; Gaydos, C.A., Hsieh, Y.-H., Barnes, M., Trichomonas vaginalis infection in women who submit self-obtained vaginal samples after internet recruitment (2011) Sex Transm Dis, 38, pp. 828-832; Ladd, J., Hsieh, Y.-H., Barnes, M., Quinn, N., Jett-Goheen, M., Gaydos, C.A., Female users of internet-based screening for rectal STIs: descriptive statistics and correlates of positivity (2014) Sex Transm Infect, 90, pp. 485-490; Gaydos, C.A., Rizzo-Price, P.A., Barnes, M., Dwyer, K., Wood, B.J., Hogan, M.T., The use of focus groups to design an internet-based program for chlamydia screening with self-administered vaginal swabs: what women want (2006) Sex Health, 3, pp. 209-215; Farage, M.A., Miller, K.W., Ledger, W.J., Determining the cause of vulvovaginal symptoms (2008) Obstet Gynecol Surv, 63, pp. 445-464; Neal, C.M., Kus, L.H., Eckert, L.O., Peipert, J.F., Noncandidal vaginitis: a comprehensive approach to diagnosis and management (2020) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 222, pp. 114-122; Sobel, J.D., Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (2016) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 214, pp. 15-21; 737: Expedited partner therapy (2018) Obstet Gynecol, 131, pp. e190-e193; I Want the Kit, , https://www.iwantthekit.org/, Accessed April 20, 2020; Everlywell: Home Health Testing Made Easy - Results You Can Understand, , https://www.everlywell.com/, Accessed April 20, 2020; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323, p. 1061; van der Meij, E., Anema, J.R., Leclercq, W.K.G., Personalised perioperative care by e-health after intermediate-grade abdominal surgery: A multicentre, single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (2018) Lancet, 392, pp. 51-59; Vonk Noordegraaf, A., Anema, J.R., van Mechelen, W., A personalised eHealth programme reduces the duration until return to work after gynaecological surgery: Results of a multicentre randomised trial (2014) BJOG, 121, pp. 1127-1136. , discussion; Caljouw, M.A.A., Hogendorf-Burgers, M.E.H.J., GYNOTEL: Telephone advice to gynaecological surgical patients after discharge (2010) J Clin Nurs, 19, pp. 3301-3306; Bouwsma, E.V.A., Huirne, J.A.F., van de Ven, P.M., Effectiveness of an internet-based perioperative care programme to enhance postoperative recovery in gynaecological patients: Cluster controlled trial with randomised stepped-wedge implementation (2018) BMJ Open, 8; Aiken, A.M., Wanyoro, A.K., Mwangi, J., Evaluation of surveillance for surgical site infections in Thika Hospital (2013) Kenya. J Hosp Infect, 83, pp. 140-145; Bouwsma, E.V.A., Vonk Noordegraaf, A., Szlávik, Z., Process evaluation of a multidisciplinary care program for patients undergoing gynaecological surgery (2014) J Occup Rehabil, 24, pp. 425-438; Forster, A.J., LaBranche, R., McKim, R., Automated patient assessments after outpatient surgery using an interactive voice response system (2008) Am J Manag Care, 14, pp. 429-436; Gilmour, D.T., MacDonald, N.J., Dukeshire, S., Diagnosis of adverse events after hysterectomy with postoperative self-care web applications: A pilot study (2017) Health Informatics J, 23, pp. 279-290; Bouwsma, E.V.A., Bosmans, J.E., van Dongen, J.M., Brölmann, H.A.M., Anema, J.R., Huirne, J.A.F., Cost-effectiveness of an internet-based perioperative care programme to enhance postoperative recovery in gynaecological patients: Economic evaluation alongside a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial (2018) BMJ Open, 8; van der Meij, E., Anema, J.R., Otten, R.H.J., Huirne, J.A.F., Schaafsma, F.G., The effect of perioperative E-health interventions on the postoperative course: A systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials (2016) PLoS One, 11; COVID-19 FAQs for Obstetrician-Gynecologists, Gynecology, , https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/physician-faqs/covid19-faqs-for-ob-gyns-gynecology, Accessed April 18, 2020; COVID-19 FAQs for Obstetrician-Gynecologists, Telehealth, , https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/physician-faqs/covid-19-faqs-for-ob-gyns-telehealth, Accessed April 18, 2020; Gyn Onc Considerations During COVID-19, , https://www.sgo.org/clinical-practice/management/covid-19-resources-for-health-care-practitioners/gyn-onc-considerations-during-covid-19/, Accessed April 18, 2020; COVID-19 – ASCCP, , https://www.asccp.org/covid-19, Accessed April 18, 2020; ASBrS and ACR Joint Statement on Breast Screening Exams During the COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://www.breastsurgeons.org/news/?id=45, Accessed April 18, 2020; Recommendations for Prioritization, Treatment and Triage of Breast Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Executive Summary, , https://www.facs.org/quality-programs/cancer/executive-summary, Accessed April 18, 2020; Society of Breast Imaging Statement on Breast Imaging during the COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://www.sbi-online.org/Portals/0/Position%20Statements/2020/society-of-breast-imaging-statement-on-breast-imaging-during-COVID19-pandemic.pdf, Accessed April 18, 2020; Gastroenterology professional society guidance on endoscopic procedures during the COVID-19 PANDEMIC, , https://www.asge.org/home/advanced-education-training/covid-19-asge-updates-for-members/gastroenterology-professional-society-guidance-on-endoscopic-procedures-during-the-covid-19-pandemic, Accessed April 18, 2020; Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection and abortion care, , https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/2020-04-09-coronavirus-covid-19-infection-and-abortion-care.pdf, Accessed April 17, 2020; Joint Statement on Abortion Access During the COVID-19 Outbreak | ACOG, , https://www.acog.org/clinical-information/physician-faqs/~/link.aspx?_id=43CF073F75B0407882567D8C250A2A76&_z=z, Accessed April 18, 2020; Contraception in the Time of COVID-19 – Health Reproductive. Access Project, , https://www.reproductiveaccess.org/resource/contraception-covid/, Accessed April 18, 2020; No Touch Medication Abortion Workflow – Reproductive Health Access Project, , https://www.reproductiveaccess.org/resource/no-touch-medab-workflow/, Accessed April 18, 2020; Contraceptive Care During COVID-19 | Beyond the Pill, , https://beyondthepill.ucsf.edu/contraceptive-care-during-covid-19#telehealth-contraception, Accessed April 18, 2020; What Family Planning Providers Can Do to Meet Client Needs During COVID-19, , https://www.fpntc.org/resources/what-family-planning-providers-can-do-meet-client-needs-during-covid-19, Family Planning National Training Center., Accessed April 18, 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 00207292 (ISSN) SP - 288-298 ST - Guidance for gynecologists utilizing telemedicine during COVID-19 pandemic based on expert consensus and rapid literature reviews T2 - International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics TI - Guidance for gynecologists utilizing telemedicine during COVID-19 pandemic based on expert consensus and rapid literature reviews UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088126317&doi=10.1002%2fijgo.13276&partnerID=40&md5=3df26ba35c856714ea5c8b68f91fab24 VL - 150 ID - 397 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Introduction: The pace and scale of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with ongoing efforts by health agencies to communicate harms, have created a pressing need for data to inform messaging about smoking, vaping, and COVID-19. We examined reactions to COVID-19 and traditional health harms messages discouraging smoking and vaping. Methods: Participants were a national convenience sample of 810 US adults recruited online in May 2020. All participated in a smoking message experiment and a vaping message experiment, presented in a random order. In each experiment, participants viewed one message formatted as a Twitter post. The experiments adopted a 3 (traditional health harms of smoking or vaping: three harms, one harm, absent) × 2 (COVID-19 harms: one harm, absent) between-subjects design. Outcomes included perceived message effectiveness (primary) and constructs from the Tobacco Warnings Model (secondary: attention, negative affect, cognitive elaboration, social interactions). Results: Smoking messages with traditional or COVID-19 harms elicited higher perceived effectiveness for discouraging smoking than control messages without these harms (all p <0.001). However, including both traditional and COVID-19 harms in smoking messages had no benefit beyond including either alone. Smoking messages affected Tobacco Warnings Model constructs and did not elicit more reactance than control messages. Smoking messages also elicited higher perceived effectiveness for discouraging vaping. Including traditional harms in messages about vaping elicited higher perceived effectiveness for discouraging vaping (p <0.05), but including COVID-19 harms did not. Conclusions: Messages linking smoking with COVID-19 may hold promise for discouraging smoking and may have the added benefit of also discouraging vaping. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. AD - Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard Th Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Grummon, A. H. AU - Hall, M. G. AU - Mitchell, C. G. AU - Pulido, M. AU - Mendel Sheldon, J. AU - Noar, S. M. AU - Ribisl, K. M. AU - Brewer, N. T. C7 - -2020055956 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2020-055956 . [Epub ahead of print: 31 Jan 2019]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30464018; Polosa, R., O'Leary, R., Tashkin, D., The effect of e-cigarette aerosol emissions on respiratory health: A narrative review (2019) Expert Rev Respir Med, 13, pp. 899-915. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17476348.2019.1649146, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31375047; Public Health Consequences of E-cigarettes, , National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine. Washington, DC; Darville, A., Hahn, E.J., E-Cigarettes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: What clinicians and researchers need to know (2019) Curr Atheroscler Rep, 21. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11883-019-0777-7, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30877398; Bhatnagar, A., Environmental determinants of cardiovascular disease (2017) Circ Res, 121, pp. 162-180. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.306458, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28684622; Guan, W.-J., Liang, W.-H., Zhao, Y., Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: A nationwide analysis (2020) Eur Respir J, 55, p. 2000547. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00547-2020, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32217650; Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): People Who Are at Higher Risk, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html, [Accessed 23 May 2020]; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the new York City area (2020) Jama, 323, p. 2052. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6775, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32320003; Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94, pp. 91-95. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.017, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32173574; Ending the Tobacco Problem: A Blueprint for the Nation, , Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC; E-cigarette Use among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General, , US Department of Health and Human Services. Atlanta, GA; Noar, S.M., Hall, M.G., Francis, D.B., Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: A meta-analysis of experimental studies (2016) Tob Control, 25, pp. 341-354. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051978, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25948713; Using Tobacco Products Can Increase Your Chance of Getting #COVID19, , https://twitter.com/who/status/1252879486606913536?lang=en, WHO, [Accessed 22 Apr 2020]; Smoking Cigarettes Can Leave You More Vulnerable to Respiratory Illnesses Such As #COVID19. There's Never Been a Better Time to Quit Smoking, , https://twitter.com/NCICancerCtrl/status/1257665358498009089, [Accessed 23 May 2020]; Ag Healey Warns Public about Increased Risks Associated with Smoking and Vaping during COVID-19 Crisis, , https://www.mass.gov/news/ag-healey-warns-public-about-increased-risks-associated-with-smoking-and-vaping-during-covid, [Accessed 23 May 2020]; Cappella, J.N., Perceived message effectiveness meets the requirements of a reliable, valid, and efficient measure of Persuasiveness (2018) J Commun, 68, pp. 994-997. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy044, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30479403; Kim, M., Reliable, C.J.N., Valid and efficient evaluation of media messages: Developing a message testing protocol (2019) J of Com Mana, 23, pp. 179-197; Noar, S.M., Kelley, D.E., Boynton, M.H., Identifying principles for effective messages about chemicals in cigarette smoke (2018) Prev Med, 106, pp. 31-37. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.09.005, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28890353; Rohde, J.A., Noar, S.M., Mendel, J.R., E-Cigarette health harm awareness and discouragement: Implications for health communication (2019) Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco; Kelley, D.E., Boynton, M.H., Noar, S.M., Effective message elements for disclosures about chemicals in cigarette smoke (2017) Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco; Bigsby, E., Cappella, J.N., Seitz, H.H., Efficiently and effectively evaluating public service announcements: Additional evidence for the utility of perceived effectiveness (2013) Commun Monogr, 80, pp. 1-23. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2012.739706, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25568588; Noar, S.M., Rohde, J.A., Prentice-Dunn, H., Evaluating the actual and perceived effectiveness of e-cigarette prevention advertisements among adolescents (2020) Addict Behav, 109. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106473, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32521287; Noar, S.M., Barker, J., Bell, T., Does perceived message effectiveness predict the actual effectiveness of tobacco education messages? A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Health Commun, 35, pp. 148-157. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1547675, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30482058; Brewer, N.T., Parada, H., Jr., Hall, M.G., Understanding why pictorial cigarette pack warnings increase quit attempts (2018) Ann Behav Med; Li, Y., Yang, B., Owusu, D., Higher negative emotions in response to cigarette pictorial warning labels predict higher quit intentions among smokers (2020) Tob Control, 29. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055116, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31420374; Brennan, E., Maloney, E.K., Ophir, Y., Potential effectiveness of pictorial warning labels that feature the images and personal details of real people (2017) Nicotine Tob Res, 19, pp. 1138-1148. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw319, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27932628; Noar, S.M., Francis, D.B., Bridges, C., Effects of strengthening cigarette pack warnings on attention and message processing: A systematic review (2017) Journal Mass Commun Q, 94, pp. 416-442. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077699016674188, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29975497; Morgan, J.C., Golden, S.D., Noar, S.M., Conversations about pictorial cigarette pack warnings: Theoretical mechanisms of influence (2018) Soc Sci Med, 218, pp. 45-51. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.063, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30340152; Jeong, M., Zhang, D., Morgan, J.C., Similarities and differences in tobacco control research findings from convenience and probability samples (2018) Annals of Behavioral Medicine: a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine; State-specific prevalence and trends in adult cigarette smoking-United States, 1998-2007 (2009) Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 58, pp. 221-226. , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19282813, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); Arrazola, R.A., Singh, T., Corey, C.G., Tobacco use among middle and high school students-United States, 2011-2014 (2015) Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 64, pp. 381-385. , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25879896; (2018) Path: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health, , https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NAHDAP/series/606, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study; Brewer, N.T., Morgan, J.C., Baig, S.A., Public understanding of cigarette smoke constituents: Three us surveys (2016) Tob Control, 26, pp. 592-599. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052897, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924009; Brewer, N.T., Jeong, M., Hall, M.G., Impact of e-cigarette health warnings on motivation to vape and smoke (2019) Tob Control; (2018) Adults Using Social Media, including Facebook, Is Mostly Unchanged since, , https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/10/share-of-u-s-adults-using-social-media-including-facebook-is-mostly-unchanged-since-2018/, Share of U.S., [Accessed 20 May 2020]; Baig, S.A., Noar, S.M., Gottfredson, N.C., Unc perceived message effectiveness: Validation of a brief scale (2019) Ann Behav Med, 53, pp. 732-742. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kay080, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30321252; Nonnemaker, J., Farrelly, M., Kamyab, K., Experimental Study of Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels: Final Results Report, , Research Triangle Park, NC; Moodie, C., MacKintosh, A.M., Hastings, G., Young adult smokers' perceptions of plain packaging: A pilot naturalistic study (2011) Tob Control, 20, pp. 367-373. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.2011.042911, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21752795; Hammond, D., Fong, G.T., McDonald, P.W., Impact of the graphic Canadian warning labels on adult smoking behaviour (2003) Tob Control, 12, pp. 391-395. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tc.12.4.391, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14660774; Brewer, N.T., Jeong, M., Mendel, J.R., Cigarette pack messages about toxic chemicals: A randomised clinical trial (2019) Tob Control, 28. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054112, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29654122; Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Tellegen, A., Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales (1988) J Pers Soc Psychol, 54, pp. 1063-1070. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3397865; Keller, P.A., Block, L.G., Increasing the persuasiveness of fear appeals: The effect of arousal and elaboration (1996) Journal of Consumer Research, 22, pp. 448-459. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/209461; Hall, M.G., Peebles, K., Bach, L.E., Social interactions sparked by pictorial warnings on cigarette packs (2015) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 12, pp. 13195-13208. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121013195, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26506363; Morgan, J.C., Southwell, B.G., Noar, S.M., Frequency and content of conversations about pictorial warnings on cigarette packs (2018) Nicotine Tob Res, 20, pp. 882-887. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx180, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29059415; Grummon, A.H., Brewer, N.T., Health warnings and beverage purchase behavior: Mediators of impact (2020) Ann Behav Med, 54, pp. 691-702. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa011, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32182336; Hall, M.G., Sheeran, P., Noar, S.M., Reactance to health warnings scale: Development and validation (2016) Ann Behav Med, 50, pp. 736-750. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9799-3, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27333895; Hall, M.G., Sheeran, P., Noar, S.M., A brief measure of reactance to health warnings (2017) J Behav Med, 40, pp. 520-529. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-016-9821-z, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28120228; Noar, S.M., Rohde, J.A., Horvitz, C., Adolescents' receptivity to e-cigarette harms messages delivered using text messaging (2019) Addict Behav, 91, pp. 201-207. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.05.025, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29960716; Baig, S.A., Byron, M.J., Boynton, M.H., Communicating about cigarette smoke constituents: An experimental comparison of two messaging strategies (2017) J Behav Med, 40, pp. 352-359. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10865-016-9795-x, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27663553; Grummon, A.H., Hall, M.G., Taillie, L.S., How should sugar-sweetened beverage health warnings be designed? A randomized experiment (2019) Prev Med, 121, pp. 158-166. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.010, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30772370; Coronavirus Locations: COVID-19 Map by County and State, , https://usafacts.org/visualizations/coronavirus-covid-19-spread-map/, [Accessed 23 May 2020]; Hitchman, S.C., Driezen, P., Logel, C., Changes in effectiveness of cigarette health warnings over time in Canada and the United States, 2002-2011 (2014) Nicotine Tob Res, 16, pp. 536-543. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt196, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24323572; Swayampakala, K., Thrasher, J.F., Yong, H.-H., Over-Time impacts of pictorial health warning labels and their differences across smoker subgroups: Results from adult smokers in Canada and Australia (2018) Nicotine Tob Res, 20, pp. 888-896. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntx134, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28637294; Brewer, N.T., Hall, M.G., Noar, S.M., Effect of pictorial cigarette pack warnings on changes in smoking behavior: A randomized clinical trial (2016) Jama Intern Med, 176, pp. 905-912. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.2621, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27273839; Grummon, A.H., Taillie, L.S., Golden, S.D., Sugar-Sweetened beverage health warnings and purchases: A randomized controlled trial (2019) Am J Prev Med, 57, pp. 601-610. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.06.019, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31586510; Wackowski, O., Hammond, D., O'Connor, R., O'Connor, R.J., Considerations and future research directions for e-cigarette Warnings-Findings from expert interviews (2017) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 14. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14070781, doi:. [Epub ahead of print: 14 Jul 2017]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28708124; Peters, E., Dieckmann, N., Dixon, A., Less is more in presenting quality information to consumers (2007) Med Care Res Rev, 64, pp. 169-190. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775587070640020301, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17406019 J2 - Tob. Control KW - electronic nicotine delivery devices prevention social marketing LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Grummon, A.H.; Center for Population and Development Studies, United States; email: agrummon@hsph.harvard.edu PY - 2020 SN - 09644563 (ISSN) ST - Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: Two national experiments T2 - Tobacco Control TI - Reactions to messages about smoking, vaping and COVID-19: Two national experiments UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096217977&doi=10.1136%2ftobaccocontrol-2020-055956&partnerID=40&md5=21e691f3e97f421e1f5377bcfc1ae269 ID - 542 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Wuchang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China State Key Laboratory of Virology/Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Qingshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Hubei, China Caidian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China Xinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Project-China, Guangzhou, China AU - Guo, W. AU - Ming, F. AU - Feng, Y. AU - Zhang, Q. AU - Mo, P. AU - Liu, L. AU - Gao, M. AU - Tang, W. AU - Liang, K. C2 - 32697865 C7 - e25568 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/jia2.25568 IS - 7 J2 - J. Int. AIDS Soc. KW - CD4+ T lymphocyte count clinical patterns Co-infection COVID-19 HIV lymphopenia SARS-CoV-2 CD4 lymphocyte count China coronavirus disease 2019 human Human immunodeficiency virus Human immunodeficiency virus infection Letter lymphocytopenia mixed infection mortality priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus load Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection pandemic virus pneumonia Coinfection Coronavirus Infections HIV Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Liang, K.; Department of Infectious Diseases, China; email: keliang@whu.edu.cn Funding details: 81903371 Funding details: cxpy2017043 Funding details: 2020KZDZX1047 Funding details: National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, R34MH119963 Funding details: Wuhan University, WHU, PTXM2020008 Funding details: National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program), 2017YFE0103800 Funding details: Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi, 2018ZX10101-001-001-003 Funding text 1: This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE0103800), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81903371), NIMH (R34MH119963), the National Science and Technology Major Project (2018ZX10101-001-001-003) and Special Found on Prevention and Control of New Coronary Pneumonia in Guangdong Universities (2020KZDZX1047), Medical Science and Technology Innovation Platform Support Project of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University (PTXM2020008), Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation Fund of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University (cxpy2017043). The authors thank all the participants for their contribution and thank all healthcare workers who involved in COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment of patients and thanked Ms. Gifty Marley for the proofreading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE0103800), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81903371), NIMH (R34MH119963), the National Science and Technology Major Project (2018ZX10101-001-001-003) and Special Found on Prevention and Control of New Coronary Pneumonia in Guangdong Universities (2020KZDZX1047), Medical Science and Technology Innovation Platform Support Project of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University (PTXM2020008), Science and Technology Innovation Cultivation Fund of Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University (cxpy2017043). References: Jiang, H., Zhou, Y., Tang, W., Maintaining HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Lancet HIV, 7 (5). , e308–9; Blanco, J.L., Ambrosioni, J., Garcia, F., COVID-19 in patients with HIV: clinical case series (2020) Lancet HIV, 7 (5). , e314–6; Zhu, F., Cao, Y., Xu, S., Zhou, M., Co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in a patient in Wuhan city, China (2020) J Med Virol, 92 (6), pp. 529-530; Cao, X., COVID-19: immunopathology and its implications for therapy (2020) Nat Rev Immunol, 20 (5), pp. 269-270; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323 (11), pp. 1061-1069; Chinese mainland reports 82,692 overall confirmed COVID-19 cases as Wuhan revises figures: official, , http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-04/17/c_138985339.htm, Published 2020 Apr 17 [cited 2020 Apr 19]. Available from; Guan, W.-J., Ni, Z.-Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-H., Ou, C.-Q., He, J.-X., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (18), pp. 1708-1720; Wang, F., Nie, J., Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Xiong, Y., Deng, L., Characteristics of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 pneumonia (2020) J Infect Dis, 221 (11), pp. 1762-1769 PY - 2020 SN - 17582652 (ISSN) ST - Patterns of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in Wuhan, China T2 - Journal of the International AIDS Society TI - Patterns of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in Wuhan, China UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087174600&doi=10.1002%2fjia2.25568&partnerID=40&md5=c9e1447bda8b270381634ce8259e9a2e VL - 23 ID - 458 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Governments around the world have implemented measures to manage the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the majority of these measures are proving effective, they have a high social and economic cost, and response strategies are being adjusted. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that communities should have a voice, be informed and engaged, and participate in this transition phase. We propose ten considerations to support this principle: (1) implement a phased approach to a ‘new normal’; (2) balance individual rights with the social good; (3) prioritise people at highest risk of negative consequences; (4) provide special support for healthcare workers and care staff; (5) build, strengthen and maintain trust; (6) enlist existing social norms and foster healthy new norms; (7) increase resilience and self-efficacy; (8) use clear and positive language; (9) anticipate and manage misinformation; and (10) engage with media outlets. The transition phase should also be informed by real-time data according to which governmental responses should be updated. © 2020, Springer Nature Limited. AD - WHO Regional Office for Europe, Insights Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark Center for Empirical Research in Economics and Behavioral Sciences, Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany The University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Victoria, Australia Harvard University, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA, United States Department of Psychology, Department of Economics, and Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science (SODAS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark University of Bonn and Institute on Behavior and Inequality (BRIQ), Bonn, Germany Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Yale Institute for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, United States Cambridge Judge Business School, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Département d’Anthropologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia Center for Culture-Centered Approach to Research and Evaluation (CARE), Massey University, Aotearoa, New Zealand Department of Paediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Department of Sociology, European University of St. Petersburg, St, Petersburg, Russian Federation Danish School of Education, Interacting Minds Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health and WHO Collaborating Centre on Culture and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Psychology, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States AU - Habersaat, K. B. AU - Betsch, C. AU - Danchin, M. AU - Sunstein, C. R. AU - Böhm, R. AU - Falk, A. AU - Brewer, N. T. AU - Omer, S. B. AU - Scherzer, M. AU - Sah, S. AU - Fischer, E. F. AU - Scheel, A. E. AU - Fancourt, D. AU - Kitayama, S. AU - Dubé, E. AU - Leask, J. AU - Dutta, M. AU - MacDonald, N. E. AU - Temkina, A. AU - Lieberoth, A. AU - Jackson, M. AU - Lewandowsky, S. AU - Seale, H. AU - Fietje, N. AU - Schmid, P. AU - Gelfand, M. AU - Korn, L. AU - Eitze, S. AU - Felgendreff, L. AU - Sprengholz, P. AU - Salvi, C. AU - Butler, R. C2 - 32581299 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41562-020-0906-x IS - 7 J2 - Nat. Hum. Behav. KW - Betacoronavirus communicable disease control community participation Coronavirus infection government health care personnel human interpersonal communication pandemic procedures public policy self concept social norm social stigma trust virus pneumonia Communication Coronavirus Infections Health Personnel Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Self Efficacy Social Norms LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :40 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Habersaat, K.B.; WHO Regional Office for Europe, Denmark; email: habersaatk@who.int Funding details: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, BE3979/11-1 References: Brooks, S.K., The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 912-920. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmvVShtbw%3D, PID: 32112714; Pandemic Influenza Risk Management: A WHO Guide to Inform and Harmonize National and International Pandemic Preparedness and Response, , (World Health Organization, 2017); Regional Office for Europe. Strengthening and adjusting public health measures throughout the COVID-19 transition phases (2020) Policy Considerations for the WHO European Region, , http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov-technical-guidance/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak-technical-guidance-europe/strengthening-and-adjusting-public-health-measures-throughout-the-covid-19-transition-phases.-policy-considerations-for-the-who-european-region,-24-april-2020, 24 April 2020; Anderson, R.M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., Hollingsworth, T.D., How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 931-934. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkvVGms78%3D, PID: 32164834; Radusin, M., The Spanish flu-part II: the second and third wave (2012) Vojnosanit. Pregl., 69, pp. 917-927. , PID: 23155616; Tognotti, E., Influenza pandemics: a historical retrospect (2009) J. Infect. Dev. Ctries., 3, pp. 331-334. , PID: 19759501; Betsch, C., (2020) German COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) - Welle 8 (21.04.2020), , https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.2883, Preprint at PsychArchives; Okruszek, L., Aniszewska-Stańczuk, A., Piejka, A., Wiśniewska, M., Żurek, K., (2020) Safe but Lonely? Loneliness, Mental Health Symptoms and COVID-19, , https://psyarxiv.com/9njps/; Europe, W.H.O., (2017) Vaccination and Trust - How Concerns Arise and the Role of Communication in Mitigating Crises, , World Health Organization; Fairhead, J., (2012) Vaccine Anxieties: Global Science, Child Health and Society, , Routledge; MacDonald, N.E., SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants (2015) Vaccine, 33, pp. 4161-4164. , PID: 25896383; Paakkari, L., Okan, O., COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5, pp. e249-e250. , PID: 32302535; McCarthy-Larzelere, M., Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Worry Domains Questionnaire (2001) Assessment, 8, pp. 177-191. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FhsFGksQ%3D%3D, PID: 11428697; (2005) Beyond the Precautionary Principle (The Seeley Lectures), , Cambridge University Press; Gelfand, M.J., Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study (2011) Science, 332, pp. 1100-1104. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXmsVansLw%3D, PID: 21617077; Sah, S., Policy solutions to conflicts of interest: the value of professional norms (2017) Behav. Public Policy, 1, pp. 177-189; Sah, S., Why you find it so hard to resist taking bad advice The Los Angeles Times, , https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2019-10-29/advice-neuroscience-psychology-social-pressure-research, (22 October 2019); Stern, P.C., Contributions of psychology to limiting climate change (2011) Am. Psychol., 66, pp. 303-314. , PID: 21553955; Jaramillo, E., Tuberculosis and stigma: predictors of prejudice against people with tuberculosis (1999) J. Health Psychol., 4, pp. 71-79. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MbjtlyhsA%3D%3D, PID: 22021435; Golden, J., Conroy, R.M., O’Dwyer, A.M., Golden, D., Hardouin, J.-B., Illness-related stigma, mood and adjustment to illness in persons with hepatitis C (2006) Soc. Sci. Med., 63, pp. 3188-3198. , PID: 17010490; Leavitt, J.W., (2014) Typhoid Mary: Captive to the Public’s Health, , Beacon Press; Berridge, V., Strong, P., (2002) AIDS and Contemporary History, , (Cambridge University Press; Budhwani, H., Sun, R., Creating COVID-19 stigma by referencing the novel coronavirus as the “Chinese virus” on Twitter: quantitative analysis of social media data (2020) J. Med. Internet Res., 22. , PID: 32343669; Devakumar, D., Shannon, G., Bhopal, S.S., Abubakar, I., Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses (2020) Lancet, 395, p. 1194. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmsVSns74%3D, PID: 32246915; Mak, W.W.S., Poon, C.Y.M., Pun, L.Y.K., Cheung, S.F., Meta-analysis of stigma and mental health (2007) Soc. Sci. Med., 65, pp. 245-261. , PID: 17462800; Fox, A.B., Earnshaw, V.A., Taverna, E.C., Vogt, D., Conceptualizing and measuring mental illness stigma: the mental illness stigma framework and critical review of measures (2018) Stigma Health, 3, pp. 348-376. , PID: 30505939; Bavel, J.J.V., Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response (2020) Nat. Hum. Behav., 4, pp. 460-471. , PID: 32355299; Michie, S., van Stralen, M.M., West, R., The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions (2011) Implement. Sci., 6, p. 42. , PID: 21513547; Betsch, C., Wieler, L.H., Habersaat, K., Monitoring behavioural insights related to COVID-19 (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1255-1256. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmsVChsrw%3D, PID: 32247323; Abe, J., Talbot, D.M., Gellhoed, R., Effects of a peer program on international student adjustment (1998) J. Coll. Stud. Dev., 39, pp. 539-547; Smith, R.A., Khawaja, N.G., A review of the acculturation experiences of international students (2011) Int. J. Intercult. Relat., 35, pp. 699-713; Baker, J.E., Preparing prisoners for their return to the community (1966) Fed. Probat., 30, p. 43; Schulting, A.B., Malone, P.S., Dodge, K.A., The effect of school-based kindergarten transition policies and practices on child academic outcomes (2005) Dev. Psychol., 41, pp. 860-871. , PID: 16351333; Södersten, P., Bergh, C., Leon, M., Brodin, U., Zandian, M., Cognitive behavior therapy for eating disorders versus normalization of eating behavior (2017) Physiol. Behav., 174, pp. 178-190. , PID: 28322911; Wood, W., Neal, D.T., A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface (2007) Psychol. Rev., 114, pp. 843-863. , PID: 17907866; Wood, W., Rünger, D., Psychology of Habit (2016) Annu. Rev. Psychol., 67, pp. 289-314. , PID: 26361052; Ouellette, J.A., Wood, W., Habit and intention in everyday life: the multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior (1998) Psychol. Bull., 124, pp. 54-74; Gostin, L.O., Powers, M., What does social justice require for the public’s health? Public health ethics and policy imperatives (2006) Health Aff. (Millwood), 25, pp. 1053-1060; Kitayama, S., Uskul, A.K., Culture, mind, and the brain: current evidence and future directions (2011) Annu. Rev. Psychol., 62, pp. 419-449. , PID: 21126182; Upshur, R., The ethics of quarantine (2003) Virtual Mentor, 5, pp. 393-395; Lewnard, J.A., Lo, N.C., Scientific and ethical basis for social-distancing interventions against COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis., 20, pp. 631-633. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXls1Ggs7g%3D, PID: 32213329; Barbisch, D., Koenig, K.L., Shih, F.-Y., Is there a case for quarantine? Perspectives from SARS to Ebola (2015) Disaster Med. Public Health Prep., 9, pp. 547-553. , PID: 25797363; Renn, O., Risk communication: Insights and requirements for designing successful communication programs on health and environmental hazards (2008) Handbook of Risk and Crisis Communication, pp. 80-98. , Heath, R. L., O’Hair H. D., Routledge; Stern, A.M., Markel, H., (2020) Hastings Center Bioethics Briefings the Hastings Center, , https://www.thehastingscenter.org/briefingbook/pandemic; Degeling, C., Community perspectives on the benefits and risks of technologically enhanced communicable disease surveillance systems: a report on four community juries (2020) BMC Med. Ethics, 21. , PID: 32334597; Yancy, C.W., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 323, pp. 1891-1892. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVertbzN; The Social Impact of COVID-19 (2020) Social Inclusion, , https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/2020/04/social-impact-of-covid-19; Boyce, T., Towards equity in immunisation (2017) Eur. Surveill., 24, p. 1800204; Basu, A., Dutta, M.J., Sex workers and HIV/AIDS: analyzing participatory culture-centered health communication strategies (2009) Hum. Commun. Res., 35, pp. 86-114; Basu, A., Dutta, M.J., ‘We are mothers first’: localocentric articulation of sex worker identity as a key in HIV/AIDS communication (2011) Women Health, 51, pp. 106-123. , PID: 21476172; Dutta, M.J., Critical health communication method as embodied practice of resistance: culturally centering structural transformation through struggle for voice (2019) Front. Commun., 4, p. 67; Sastry, S., Stephenson, M., Dillon, P., Carter, A., A meta-theoretical systematic review of the culture-centered approach to health communication: Toward a refined, ‘nested’ model (2019) Commun. Theory, , https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtz024; Oswald, A.J., Powdthavee, N., The case for releasing the young from lockdown: A briefing paper for policymakers (2020) IZA Discussion Paper No. 13113; Carrieri, D., ‘Care Under Pressure’: a realist review of interventions to tackle doctors’ mental ill-health and its impacts on the clinical workforce and patient care (2018) BMJ Open, 8. , PID: 29420234; Seale, H., Leask, J., Po, K., MacIntyre, C.R., Will they just pack up and leave?” - attitudes and intended behaviour of hospital health care workers during an influenza pandemic (2009) BMC Health Serv. Res., 9. , PID: 19216792; Liu, S., Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Lancet Psychiatry, 7, pp. e17-e18. , PID: 32085841; Kosfeld, M., Neckermann, S., Getting more work for nothing? Symbolic awards and worker performance (2011) Am. Econ. J. Microecon., 3, pp. 86-99; Lacetera, N., Macis, M., Slonim, R., Economic rewards to motivate blood donations (2013) Science, 340, pp. 927-928. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXovVyiu74%3D, PID: 23704557; Harrison, M., Pandemics (2016) The Routledge History of Disease, pp. 128-146. , (ed. Jackson, M.); Dryhurst, S., Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world (2020) J. Risk Res., , https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1758193; Bennett, P., Calman, K., Curtis, S., Fischbacher-Smith, D., (2010) Risk Communication and Public Health, , Oxford University Press; Giddens, A., (2013) The Consequences of Modernity, , Wiley; N (2018) Trust and Power (John Wiley & Sons; Reynolds, B., W Seeger, M., Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model (2005) J. Health Commun., 10, pp. 43-55. , PID: 15764443; Salvi, C., Emergency risk communication–early lessons learned during the pilot phase of a five-step capacity-building package (2018) Public Health Panor., 4, pp. 51-57; Renn, O., Levine, D., Credibility and trust in risk communication (1991) Communicating Risks to the Public, pp. 175-217. , Kasperson, R. E., Stallen, P. J. M., Springer Netherlands; van der Bles, A.M., van der Linden, S., Freeman, A.L.J., Spiegelhalter, D.J., The effects of communicating uncertainty on public trust in facts and numbers (2020) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 7672-7683. , PID: 32205438; Chalofsky, N., Krishna, V., meaningfulness, commitment, and engagement: the intersection of a deeper level of intrinsic motivation (2009) Adv. Dev. Hum. Resour., 11, pp. 189-203; Ulbig, S.G., Voice is not enough (2008) Public Opin. Q., 72, pp. 523-539; Ledingham, K., Hinchliffe, S., Jackson, M., Thomas, F., Tomson, G., (2019) Antibiotic Resistance: Using a Cultural Contexts of Health Approach to Address a Global Health Challenge (World Health Organization; Toppenberg-Pejcic, D., Emergency risk communication: lessons learned from a rapid review of recent gray literature on Ebola, Zika, and yellow fever (2019) Health Commun., 34, pp. 437-455. , PID: 29558199; (2017) Communicating Risk in Public Health Emergencies: A WHO Guideline for Emergency Risk Communication (ERC) Policy and Practice (World Health Organization; Schultz, P.W., Nolan, J.M., Cialdini, R.B., Goldstein, N.J., Griskevicius, V., The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms (2007) Psychol. Sci., 18, pp. 429-434. , PID: 17576283; Sheeran, P., The impact of changing attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy on health-related intentions and behavior: A meta-analysis (2016) Health Psychol., 35, pp. 1178-1188. , PID: 27280365; Tankard, M.E., Paluck, E.L., Norm perception as a vehicle for social change (2016) Soc. Issues Policy Rev., 10, pp. 181-211; Tankard, M.E., Paluck, E.L., The effect of a supreme court decision regarding gay marriage on social norms and personal attitudes (2017) Psychol. Sci., 28, pp. 1334-1344. , PID: 28758838; Wilkinson, A., Parker, M., Martineau, F., Leach, M., Engaging ‘communities’: anthropological insights from the West African Ebola epidemic (2017) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B., 372, p. 20160305; Burchell, K., Rettie, R., Patel, K., Marketing social norms: social marketing and the ‘social norm approach’ (2013) J. Consum. Behav., 12, pp. 1-9; Andrews, J.L., Foulkes, L., Blakemore, S.J., Peer influence in adolescence: public-health implications for COVID-19 (2020) Trends Cogn. Sci., S1364-6613, pp. 30101-30109; Fischer, P., Greitemeyer, T., Kastenmüller, A., Vogrincic, C., Sauer, A., The effects of risk-glorifying media exposure on risk-positive cognitions, emotions, and behaviors: a meta-analytic review (2011) Psychol. Bull., 137, pp. 367-390. , PID: 21341887; Sunstein, C.R., Lapidation and apology (2019) Harv. Public Law Working Pap. No. 19-31; Valente, T.W., Pumpuang, P., Identifying opinion leaders to promote behavior change (2007) Health Educ. Behav., 34, pp. 881-896. , PID: 17602096; Roos, P., Gelfand, M., Nau, D., Lun, J., Societal threat and cultural variation in the strength of social norms: an evolutionary basis (2015) Organ. Behav. Hum. Decis. Process., 129, pp. 14-23; Bierhoff, H.W., Küpper, B., Social psychology of solidarity (1999) Solidarity, pp. 133-156. , Bayertz, K., Springer; Pfattheicher, S., Nockur, L., Böhm, R., Sassenrath, C., Petersen, M.B., (2020) The Emotional Path to Action: Empathy Promotes Physical Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://psyarxiv.com/y2cg5/, Preprint at PsyArXiv; Carver, C.S., Resilience and thriving: issues, models, and linkages (2010) J. Soc. Issues, 54, pp. 245-266; García-Mira, R., Real, J.E., Uzzell, D.L., San Juan, C., Pol, E., Coping with a threat to quality of life: the case of the Prestige disaster (2006) Eur. Rev. Appl. Psychol., 56, pp. 53-60; Joseph, S., Linley, P.A., (2008) Trauma, Recovery, and Growth: Positive Psychological Perspectives on Posttraumatic Stress, , (Wiley; Richardson, G.E., Neiger, B.L., Jensen, S., Kumpfer, K.L., The resiliency model (1990) Health Educ. J., 21, pp. 33-39; Chmitorz, A., Intervention studies to foster resilience - A systematic review and proposal for a resilience framework in future intervention studies (2018) Clin. Psychol. Rev., 59, pp. 78-100. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC1M3ktFegtw%3D%3D, PID: 29167029; Mistretta, E.G., Resilience training for work-related stress among health care workers: results of a randomized clinical trial comparing in-person and smartphone-delivered interventions (2018) J. Occup. Environ. Med., 60, pp. 559-568. , PID: 29370014; Witte, K., Fear control and danger control: a test of the extended parallel process model (EPPM) (1994) Commun. Monogr., 61, pp. 113-134; Tannenbaum, M.B., Appealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories (2015) Psychol. Bull., 141, pp. 1178-1204. , PID: 26501228; Bandura, A., Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency (1982) Am. Psychol., 37, pp. 122-147; Bish, A., Michie, S., Demographic and attitudinal determinants of protective behaviours during a pandemic: a review (2010) Br. J. Health Psychol., 15, pp. 797-824. , PID: 20109274; Stewart, J.E., Wolfe, G.R., Maeder, L., Hartz, G.W., Changes in dental knowledge and self-efficacy scores following interventions to change oral hygiene behavior (1996) Patient Educ. Couns., 27, pp. 269-277. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK28zotVensA%3D%3D, PID: 8788355; Ashford, S., Edmunds, J., French, D.P., What is the best way to change self-efficacy to promote lifestyle and recreational physical activity? A systematic review with meta-analysis (2010) Br. J. Health Psychol., 15, pp. 265-288. , PID: 19586583; Loewenstein, G., Sunstein, C.R., Golman, R., Disclosure: psychology changes everything (2014) Annu. Rev. Econ., 6, pp. 391-419; Bavel, J.J.V., Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response (2020) Nat. Hum. Behav., 4, pp. 460-471. , PID: 32355299; Sandman, P.M., (1993) Responding to Community Outrage: Strategies for Effective Risk Communication, , AIHA; Gallagher, K.M., Updegraff, J.A., Health message framing effects on attitudes, intentions, and behavior: a meta-analytic review (2012) Ann. Behav. Med., 43, pp. 101-116. , PID: 21993844; Dannenberg, A., Löschel, A., Paolacci, G., Reif, C., Tavoni, A., On the provision of public goods with probabilistic and ambiguous thresholds (2015) Environ. Resour. Econ., 61, pp. 365-383; Kahneman, D., Knetsch, J.L., Thaler, R.H., Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the coase theorem (1990) J. Polit. Econ., 98, pp. 1325-1348; Lindenberg, S., Steg, L., Normative, gain and hedonic goal frames guiding environmental behavior (2007) J. Soc. Issues, 63, pp. 117-137; Crockett, M.J., Siegel, J.Z., Kurth-Nelson, Z., Dayan, P., Dolan, R.J., Moral transgressions corrupt neural representations of value (2017) Nat. Neurosci., 20, pp. 879-885. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXmvVCls74%3D, PID: 28459442; Zarocostas, J., How to fight an infodemic (2020) Lancet, 395, p. 676. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmvVShtrs%3D, PID: 32113495; van der Linden, S., Maibach, E., Cook, J., Leiserowitz, A., Lewandowsky, S., Inoculating against misinformation (2017) Science, 358, pp. 1141-1142. , PID: 29191898; van der Linden, S., Leiserowitz, A., Rosenthal, S., Maibach, E., Inoculating the public against misinformation about climate change (2017) Glob. Chall., 1, p. 1600008. , PID: 31565263; Roozenbeek, J., Linden, S., Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation (2019) Palgrave Commun., 5; McGuire, W.J., Public communication as a strategy for inducing health-promoting behavioral change (1984) Prev. Med., 13, pp. 299-319. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaL2M%2FjvVClsg%3D%3D, PID: 6387698; McGuire, W., Inducing resistance to persuasion (1964) Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol., 1, pp. 191-229; Banas, J.A., Rains, S.A., A meta-analysis of research on inoculation theory (2010) Commun. Monogr., 77, pp. 281-311; Chan, M.S., Jones, C.R., Hall Jamieson, K., Albarracín, D., Debunking: a meta-analysis of the psychological efficacy of messages countering misinformation (2017) Psychol. Sci., 28, pp. 1531-1546. , PID: 28895452; Schmid, P., Betsch, C., Effective strategies for rebutting science denialism in public discussions (2019) Nat. Hum. Behav., 3, pp. 931-939. , PID: 31235861; Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U.K., Seifert, C.M., Schwarz, N., Cook, J., Misinformation and its correction: continued influence and successful debiasing (2012) Psychol. Sci. Public Interest, 13, pp. 106-131. , PID: 26173286; Cook, J., Lewandowsky, S., (2012) The Debunking Handbook, , University of Queensland; Strzelecki, A., The second worldwide wave of interest in coronavirus since the COVID-19 outbreaks in South Korea, Italy and Iran: a Google Trends study (2020) Brain Behav Immun, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.042; Liao, Q., Cowling, B.J., Lam, W.W.T., Fielding, R., Factors affecting intention to receive and self-reported receipt of 2009 pandemic (H1N1) vaccine in Hong Kong: a longitudinal study (2011) PLoS One, 6. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjvVCmtL0%3D, PID: 21412418; Chan, M.S., Legacy and social media respectively influence risk perceptions and protective behaviors during emerging health threats: a multi-wave analysis of communications on Zika virus cases (2018) Soc. Sci. Med., 212, pp. 50-59. , PID: 30005224; Lieberoth, A., Ćepulić, D.-B., Rasmussen, J., (2020) COVIDiSTRESS global survey, , https://osf.io/z39us, Preprint at OSF; Service, O., (2014) EAST: Four Simple Ways to Apply Behavioural Insights, , Behavioural Insights Team; Hovland, C.I., Weiss, W., The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness (1951) Public Opin. Q., 15, pp. 635-650; Brinol, P., Petty, R.E., Source factors in persuasion: a self-validation approach (2009) Eur. Rev. Soc. Psychol., 20, pp. 49-96; Griffin, R.J., Dunwoody, S., The relation of communication to risk judgment and preventive behavior related to lead in tap water (2000) Health Commun., 12, pp. 81-107. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvislSltQ%3D%3D, PID: 10938908; Niederdeppe, J., Content and effects of news stories about uncertain cancer causes and preventive behaviors (2014) Health Commun., 29, pp. 332-346. , PID: 23790111; King, C.L., Chow, M.Y.K., Wiley, K.E., Leask, J., Much ado about flu: A mixed methods study of parental perceptions, trust and information seeking in a pandemic (2018) Influenza Other Resp. Viruses, 12, pp. 514-521; COVID-19 An Informative Guide (2020) Advice for Journalists (Pan American Health Organization; (2005) Effective Media Communication during Public Health Emergencies. a WHO Handbook (World Health Organization; Mullen, P.D., A meta-analysis of trials evaluating patient education and counseling for three groups of preventive health behaviors (1997) Patient Educ. Couns., 32, pp. 157-173. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c%2FosFGmtA%3D%3D, PID: 9423498; Mesch, G.S., Schwirian, K.P., Confidence in government and vaccination willingness in the USA (2015) Health Promot. Int., 30, pp. 213-221. , PID: 25369794; Hooker, C., King, C., Leask, J., Journalists’ views about reporting avian influenza and a potential pandemic: a qualitative study (2012) Influenza Other Resp. Viruses, 6, pp. 224-229; Kelleher, C.A., Wolak, J., Priming presidential approval: the conditionality of issue effects (2006) Polit. Behav., 28, pp. 193-210; Kogen, L., Dilliplane, S., How media portrayals of suffering influence willingness to help: the role of solvability frames (2019) J. Media Psychol., 31, pp. 92-102; Staniland, K., Smith, G., Flu frames (2013) Sociol. Health Illn., 35, pp. 309-324. , PID: 23323941; Means, A.R., Evaluating and optimizing the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) for use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review (2020) Implement. Sci., 15, p. 17. , PID: 32164692; Dutta, M.J., Culture-centered approach in addressing health disparities: communication infrastructures for subaltern voices (2018) Commun. Methods Meas., 12, pp. 239-259; Napier, D., (2017) Culture Matters: Using a Cultural Contexts of Health Approach to Enhance Policy-Making, , World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; Camerer, C.F., Evaluating replicability of laboratory experiments in economics (2016) Science, 351, pp. 1433-1436. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XksFChtrs%3D, PID: 26940865; Ioannidis, J.P.A., Why most published research findings are false (2005) PLoS Med., 2. , PID: 16060722; Henrich, J., Heine, S.J., Norenzayan, A., The weirdest people in the world? (2010) Behav. Brain Sci., 33, pp. 61-83. , PID: 20550733, discussion 83–135; Klein, R.A., Many Labs 2: investigating variation in replicability across samples and settings (2018) Adv. Methods Pract. Psychol. Sci., 1, pp. 443-490; Betsch, C., How behavioural science data helps mitigate the COVID-19 crisis (2020) Nat. Hum. Behav., 4, p. 438. , PID: 32221514; COVID-19 Snapshot MOnitoring (COSMO Standard): Monitoring knowledge, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours, and public trust in the current coronavirus outbreak - WHO standard protocol (2020) Protocol at Psyarchives, 2782. , https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives; Canada COVID-19 Snapshot MOnitoring (COSMO Canada): Monitoring knowledge, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours, and public trust in the current coronavirus outbreak in Canada (2020) Protocol at Psyarchives, , https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.2868; Saletti-Cuesta, L., Berra, S., Tumas, N., Johnson, C., Carbonetti, A., Argentina COVID-19 Snapshot MOnitoring (COSMO Argentina): Monitoring knowledge, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours, and public trust in the current coronavirus outbreak in Argentina (2020) Protocol at Psyarchives, , https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.2788; (2020) Böhm, R., Lilleholt, L., Zettler, I. & COSMO Denmark Group. Denmark COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO Denmark): Monitoring Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, Preventive Behaviours, and Public Trust in the Current Coronavirus Outbreak in Denmark. Protocol at Psyarchives, , https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.2795; Abera, N., Alemayehu, A., Belayneh, F., Jember, D., Ethiopia COVID-19 Snapshot MOnitoring (COSMO Ethiopia): Monitoring knowledge, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours, and public trust in the current coronavirus outbreak in Ethiopia (2020) Protocol at Psyarchives, , https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.2877; Aharonson-Daniel, L., Davidovitch, N., Fuchs, G., Dopelt, K., Shibli, H., (2020) Israel COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO Israel): Monitoring Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, Preventive Behaviours, and Public Trust in the Current Coronavirus Outbreak in Israel. Protocol at Psyarchives, , https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.2866; Alamro, N., Saudi Arabia COVID-19 Snapshot MOnitoring (COSMO Saudi): Monitoring knowledge, risk perceptions, preventive behaviours, and public trust in the current coronavirus outbreak in Saudi Arabia (2020) Protocol at Psyarchives, , https://doi.org/10.23668/psycharchives.2878; Hadi, T.A., Fleshler, K., Integrating social media monitoring into public health emergency response operations (2016) Disaster Med. Public Health Prep., 10, pp. 775-780. , PID: 27228904; Lischetzke, T., Daily diary methodology (2014) Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, pp. 1413-1419. , Michalos, A. C., Springer Netherlands; Ferretti, L., Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing (2020) Science, 368, p. eabb6936. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXovFCqsrY%3D, PID: 32234805; Wang, C.J., Ng, C.Y., Brook, R.H., Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: big data analytics, new technology, and proactive testing (2020) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 323, p. 1341. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXnvVOjtbg%3D PY - 2020 SN - 23973374 (ISSN) SP - 677-687 ST - Ten considerations for effectively managing the COVID-19 transition T2 - Nature Human Behaviour TI - Ten considerations for effectively managing the COVID-19 transition UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087051016&doi=10.1038%2fs41562-020-0906-x&partnerID=40&md5=1c70a6adf2e3c915798da2c993947d6f VL - 4 ID - 459 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States AU - Habibi, R. AU - Burci, G. L. AU - de Campos, T. C. AU - Chirwa, D. AU - Cinà, M. AU - Dagron, S. AU - Eccleston-Turner, M. AU - Forman, L. AU - Gostin, L. O. AU - Meier, B. M. AU - Negri, S. AU - Ooms, G. AU - Sekalala, S. AU - Taylor, A. AU - Yamin, A. E. AU - Hoffman, S. J. C2 - 32061311 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30373-1 IS - 10225 J2 - Lancet KW - China consensus coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus infection epidemic fear freedom health care policy human human dignity human rights infection prevention infection risk international law medicolegal aspect multinational corporation Note patient care priority journal program effectiveness public health service racism social stigma travel World Health Organization xenophobia global health legislation and jurisprudence pandemic virus pneumonia COVID-19 Coronavirus Infections Humans International Health Regulations Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :50 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: LANCA Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19 Funding details: World Health Organization, WHO Funding details: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, CIHR, 312902 Funding details: Norges Forskningsråd, 234608 Funding text 1: This research was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant #312902) and the International Collaboration for Capitalizing on Cost-Effective and Life-Saving Commodities (i4C) that is funded through the Research Council of Norway's Global Health & Vaccination Programme (GLOBVAC Project #234608). GLB was previously WHO's Legal Counsel. SD is a member of the WHO research ethics review committee. ME-T reports consulting fees from WHO unrelated to this Comment. LOG and SJH are directors of WHO Collaborating Centres. SJH is additionally a Scientific Director with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (the Government of Canada's national health research funding agency). We declare no other competing interests. Views and opinions in this consensus statement Comment represent those of the authors writing in their personal and independent academic roles, without any direction from their governments or institutions. Funding text 2: This research was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research ( grant #312902 ) and the International Collaboration for Capitalizing on Cost-Effective and Life-Saving Commodities (i4C) that is funded through the Research Council of Norway's Global Health & Vaccination Programme (GLOBVAC Project #234608). GLB was previously WHO's Legal Counsel. SD is a member of the WHO research ethics review committee. ME-T reports consulting fees from WHO unrelated to this Comment. LOG and SJH are directors of WHO Collaborating Centres. SJH is additionally a Scientific Director with the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (the Government of Canada's national health research funding agency). We declare no other competing interests. Views and opinions in this consensus statement Comment represent those of the authors writing in their personal and independent academic roles, without any direction from their governments or institutions. References: WHO, (2005) International Health Regulations, WHA 58.3, 2nd edn, , World Health Organization Geneva; Tejpar, A., Hoffman, S.J., Canada's violation of international law during the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak (2017) Can Yearb Int Law, 54, pp. 366-383; Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, May 23 1969, 1155 UNTS 331 (entered into force January 27, 1980); Brownstein, J.S., Wolfe, C.J., Mandl, K.D., Empirical evidence for the effect of airline travel on inter-regional influenza spread in the United States (2006) PLoS Med, 3, p. e401; Mateus, A.L.P., Otete, H.E., Beck, C.R., Dolan, G.P., Nguyen-Van-Tam, J.S., Effectiveness of travel restrictions in the rapid containment of human influenza: a systematic review (2014) Bull World Health Organ, 92, p. 868. , 80D; Poletto, C., Gomes, M.F., Pastore y Piontti, A., Assessing the impact of travel restrictions on international spread of the 2014 West African Ebola epidemic (2014) Euro Surveill, 19, p. 20936; WHO, Updated WHO advice for international traffic in relation to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV (2020), http://www.who.int/ith/2019-nCoV_advice_for_international_traffic/en/, (Accessed 11 February 2020); WHO, WHO Director-General's statement on IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (2020), https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-statement-on-ihr-emergency-committee-on-novel-coronavirus-(2019-nCoV), (Accessed 11 February 2020); WHO, Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) technical guidance (2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance, (Accessed 11 February 2020); Takahashi, Y., Proportionality (2013) Oxford Handbook of International Human Rights Law, p. 449. , Shelton D Oxford University Press Oxford; Yeung, J., As the coronavirus spreads, fear is fueling racism and xenophobia. CNN (2020), https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/31/asia/wuhan-coronavirus-racism-fear-intl-hnk/index.html, (Accessed 11 February 2020); WHO, Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation report—18 (2020), https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200207-sitrep-18-ncov.pdf?sfvrsn=fa644293_2, (Accessed 11 February 2020); Hoffman, S.J., The evolution, etiology and eventualities of the global health security regime (2010) Health Policy Plan, 25, pp. 510-522; Ottersen, T., Hoffman, S.J., Groux, G., Ebola again shows the International Health Regulations are broken: what can be done differently to prepare for the next pandemic? (2016) Am J Law Med, 42, pp. 356-392; Khan, K., Eckhardt, R., Brownstein, J.S., Entry and exit screening of airline travellers during the A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic: a retrospective evaluation (2013) Bull World Health Organ, 91, pp. 368-376 PY - 2020 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) SP - 664-666 ST - Do not violate the International Health Regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak T2 - The Lancet TI - Do not violate the International Health Regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079870863&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2820%2930373-1&partnerID=40&md5=d2c577935a7aaffa1ba48c4735d04633 VL - 395 ID - 527 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is expected to continue to cause worldwide fatalities until the World population develops ‘herd immunity’, or until a vaccine is developed and used as a prevention. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need to identify alternative means of antiviral defense. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine that has been recognized for its off-target beneficial effects on the immune system can be exploited to boast immunity and protect from emerging novel viruses. Methods: We developed and employed a systems biology workflow capable of identifying small-molecule antiviral drugs and vaccines that can boast immunity and affect a wide variety of viral disease pathways to protect from the fatal consequences of emerging viruses. Results: Our analysis demonstrates that BCG vaccine affects the production and maturation of naïve T cells resulting in enhanced, long-lasting trained innate immune responses that can provide protection against novel viruses. We have identified small-molecule BCG mimics, including antiviral drugs such as raltegravir and lopinavir as high confidence hits. Strikingly, our top hits emetine and lopinavir were independently validated by recent experimental findings that these compounds inhibit the growth of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Conclusions: Our results provide systems biology support for using BCG and small-molecule BCG mimics as putative vaccine and drug candidates against emergent viruses including SARS-CoV-2. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. AD - Department of Pharmacy – Computational Chemical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, P.O. Box 130, Amman, 11733, Jordan Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Hajjo, R. AU - Tropsha, A. C2 - 33025261 C7 - 212 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s11095-020-02930-9 IS - 11 J2 - Pharm. Res. KW - BCG vaccine COVID-19 innate immunity SARS-CoV-2 systems biology anisomycin azacitidine cephaeline cytochalasin B dexanabinol emetine homoharringtonine lopinavir mebendazole narciclasine raltegravir ruxolitinib verrucarin A vinblastine vincristine biomimetic material COVID-19 vaccine virus vaccine antiviral activity antiviral therapy Article BCG vaccination consensus controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug repositioning gene expression profiling herd immunity human immune system mortality peripheral blood mononuclear cell priority journal protein protein interaction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virogenesis workflow administration and dosage Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection immunology molecular library pandemic procedures virus pneumonia Biomimetic Materials Coronavirus Infections Humans Immunity, Innate Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Small Molecule Libraries Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PHREE Correspondence Address: Hajjo, R.; Department of Pharmacy – Computational Chemical Biology, P.O. Box 130, Jordan; email: rhajjo@gmail.com Chemicals/CAS: anisomycin, 22862-76-6; azacitidine, 320-67-2, 52934-49-3; cephaeline, 483-17-0; cytochalasin B, 14930-96-2; dexanabinol, 112924-45-5; emetine, 316-42-7, 483-18-1; homoharringtonine, 26833-87-4; lopinavir, 192725-17-0; mebendazole, 31431-39-7; narciclasine, 29477-83-6; raltegravir, 518048-05-0, 871038-72-1, 889131-29-7; ruxolitinib, 1092939-17-7, 941678-49-5; verrucarin A, 3148-09-2; vinblastine, 865-21-4; vincristine, 57-22-7; BCG Vaccine; COVID-19 vaccine; Small Molecule Libraries; Viral Vaccines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: NIH Office of the Director, OD, OT2TR003441 Funding details: Deanship of Academic Research, University of Jordan, DAR Funding details: University of Jordan, UJ, 2020-2019/17/03 Funding text 1: RH acknowledges support from the Deanship of Scientific Research at Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan grant 2020-2019/17/03. AT acknowledges partial support from NIH grant OT2TR003441. We thank Clarivate Analytics for providing access to MetaCore, a specialized pathway and functional genomics analysis product. Reference to commercial products or services does not constitute their endorsement. References: Lurie, N., Saville, M., Hatchett, R., Halton, J., Developing covid-19 vaccines at pandemic speed (2020) New England Journal of Medicine, pp. 1969-1973. , . Massachussetts Medical Society; Hanney, S.R., Wooding, S., Sussex, J., Grant, J., From COVID-19 research to vaccine application: Why might it take 17 months not 17 years and what are the wider lessons? Health Research Policy and Systems (2020) Biomed Central Ltd, 18. , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32513202/, Internet, cited 2020 Aug 14, Available from; Tizard, I.R., Vaccination against coronaviruses in domestic animals (2020) Vaccine, pp. 5123-5130. , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32563608/, [Internet], . Elsevier Ltd;, [cited 2020 Aug 23]. p, . Available from; Bloch, E.M., Shoham, S., Casadevall, A., Sachais, B.S., Shaz, B., Winters, J.L., Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 (2020) Journal of Clinical Investigation, pp. 2757-2765. , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32254064/, Internet, American Society for Clinical Investigation, cited 2020 Aug 23, Available from; Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., The history and advances in cancer immunotherapy: Understanding the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and their therapeutic implications (2020) Cellular and Molecular Immunology, pp. 807-821. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0488-6, [internet], . Springer Nature;, [cited 2020 Aug 23]. p, . Available from; Sharma, P., Wagner, K., Wolchok, J.D., Allison, J.P., Novel cancer immunotherapy agents with survival benefit: Recent successes and next steps (2011) Nature Reviews Cancer, pp. 805-812. , https://www.pmc/articles/PMC3426440/?report=abstract, [Internet], . NIH Public Access;, [cited 2020 Aug 23]. p, . Available from; Kruger, S., Ilmer, M., Kobold, S., Cadilha, B.L., Endres, S., Ormanns, S., Advances in cancer immunotherapy 2019 - Latest trends (2019) Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research, , https://www.pmc/articles/PMC6585101/?report=abstract, [Internet], . BioMed Central Ltd.;, [cited 2020 Aug 23]. Available from; Harris, S.J., Brown, J., Lopez, J., Yap, T.A., Immuno-oncology combinations: Raising the tail of the survival curve (2016) Cancer Biology and Medicine, pp. 171-193. , https://www.pmc/articles/PMC4944548/?report=abstract, Internet, Cancer Biology and Medicine;, cited 2020 Aug 23, Available from; Demaria, O., Cornen, S., Daëron, M., Morel, Y., Medzhitov, R., Vivier, E., Harnessing innate immunity in cancer therapy (2019) Nature Nat Publ Group, pp. 45-56; Dar, T.B., Henson, R.M., Shiao, S.L., Targeting innate immunity to enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy (2019) Frontiers in Immunology, p. 3077. , . Frontiers Media S.A; Pattabhi, S., Wilkins, C.R., Dong, R., Knoll, M.L., Posakony, J., Kaiser, S., Targeting innate immunity for antiviral therapy through small molecule agonists of the RLR pathway (2016) Journal of Virology American Society for Microbiology, 90, pp. 2372-2387. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhsFSqu7bF; Seth, R.B., Sun, L., Chen, Z.J., Antiviral innate immunity pathways (2006) Nat Publ Group, pp. 141-147. , Cell Research; White, M.R., Doss, M., Boland, P., Tecle, T., Hartshorn, K.L., Innate immunity to influenza virus: Implications for future therapy (2008) Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, pp. 497-514. , . NIH Public Access; Channappanavar, R., Zhao, J., Perlman, S., T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses (2014) Immunologic Research, pp. 118-128. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24845462, [internet], . Humana press Inc.;, [cited 2020 Apr 11]. p, . Available from; Gordon, D.E., Jang, G.M., Bouhaddou, M., Xu, J., Obernier, K., White, K.M., A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing (2020) Nature, pp. 1-13. , http://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2286-9, [Internet]. Nature Publishing Group;, [cited 2020 Apr 30];,. Available from; Covián, C., Fernández-Fierro, A., Retamal-Díaz, A., Díaz, F.E., Vasquez, A.E., (2019) Lay MK, et al, p. 2806. , Implication for Vaccine Design. Frontiers Immunology. Frontiers Media S.A, BCG-Induced Cross-Protection and Development of Trained Immunity; Redelman-Sidi, G., Glickman, M.S., Bochner, B.H., The mechanism of action of BCG therapy for bladder cancer-A current perspective (2014) Nature Reviews Urology, pp. 153-162. , . Nat Publ Group; Buffen, K., Oosting, M., Quintin, J., Ng, A., Kleinnijenhuis, J., Kumar, V., Autophagy Controls BCG-Induced Trained Immunity and the Response to Intravesical BCG Therapy for Bladder Cancer (2014) Plos Pathogens, 10. , https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004485, Deretic V, editor, [Internet]. Public Library of Science;, [cited 2020 May 11];, :,. Available from; (2017) Report on BCG vaccine use for protection against mycobacterial infections including tuberculosis, leprosy, and other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections Prepared by the SAGE Working Group on BCG Vaccines and WHO Secretariat; (2020), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=COVID-19&term=BCG&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=, Search of: BCG | COVID-19 - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. [cited, Aug 27]. Available from; Escobar, L.E., Molina-Cruz, A., Barillas-Mury, C., BCG vaccine protection from severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117, pp. 17720-17726. , https://www.pnas.org/content/117/30/17720, Internet]. NLM (Medline);, [cited 2020 Aug 23, Available from; Gursel, M., Gursel, I., Is global BCG vaccination-induced trained immunity relevant to the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? (2020) Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, pp. 1815-1819. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7267226/, [Internet], . Blackwell Publishing Ltd, [cited 2020 Aug 10]. p, . Available from; Ozdemir, C., Kucuksezer, U.C., Tamay, Z.U., Is BCG vaccination affecting the spread and severity of COVID-19? (2020) Allergy, 75, pp. 1824-1827. , https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/all.14344, Internet, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, cited 2020 Aug 10, Available from; Raghab Mohapatra, P., Mishra, B., Behera, B., BCG vaccination induced protection from COVID-19 (2020) Indian Journal of Tuberculosis, , https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0019570720301323, [Internet]. Elsevier;, [cited 2020 Aug 13]; Available from; Hajjo, R., Setola, V., Roth, B.L., Tropsha, A., Chemocentric informatics approach to drug discovery: identification and experimental validation of selective estrogen receptor modulators as ligands of 5-hydroxytryptamine-6 receptors and as potential cognition enhancers (2012) J Med Chem, 55; Matsumiya, M., Satti, I., Chomka, A., Harris, S.A., Stockdale, L., Meyer, J., (2014) Gene Expression and Cytokine Profile Correlate With Mycobacterial Growth in a Human BCG Challenge Model; Subramanian, A., Narayan, R., Corsello, S.M., Peck, D.D., Natoli, T.E., Lu, X., A Next Generation Connectivity Map: L1000 Platform and the First 1,000,000 Profiles (2017) Cell, 171, pp. 1437-1452. , Cell Press; Hollander, M., Wolfe, D., (1999) Nonparametric statistical methods, pp. 178-185. , Wiley, New York; Liao, F.H., Shui, J.W., Hsing, E.W., Hsiao, W.Y., Lin, Y.C., Chan, Y.C., Protein phosphatase 4 is an essential positive regulator for Treg development, function, and protective gut immunity (2014) Cell and Bioscience, 4, p. 25. , BioMed Central Ltd; Zhan, Z., Cao, H., Xie, X., Yang, L., Zhang, P., Chen, Y., Phosphatase PP4 negatively regulates type I IFN production and antiviral innate immunity by dephosphorylating and deactivating TBK1 (2015) The Journal of Immunology The American Association of Immunologists, 195, pp. 3849-3857. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsF2ltLnF; Quevedo, M., Meert, L., Dekker, M.R., Dekkers, D.H.W., Brandsma, J.H., van den Berg, D.L.C., Mediator complex interaction partners organize the transcriptional network that defines neural stem cells (2019) Nature Communications Nature Publishing Group, 10, pp. 1-15; Ellmeier, W., Seiser, C., Histone deacetylase function in CD4+ T cells (2018) Nature Reviews Immunology, pp. 617-634. , Nat Publ Group; Kwaa, A.K., Goldsborough, K., Walker-Sperling, V.E., Pianowski, L.F., Gama, L., Blankson, J.N., The effect of Ingenol-B on the suppressive capacity of elite suppressor HIV-specific CD8+ T cells (2017) Plos ONE Public Library of Science, 12; Hezareh, M., Prostratin as a new therapeutic agent targeting HIV viral reservoirs (2005) Drug News and Perspectives. Drug News Perspect, pp. 496-500. , p; Sung, T.L., Rice, A.P., Effects of prostratin on Cyclin TI/P-TEFb function and the gene expression profile in primary resting CD4+ T cells (2006) Retrovirology. Biomed Central, 3, p. 66; Basta, S., Knoetig, S., Summerfield, A., McCullough, K.C., Lipopolysaccharide and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate both impair monocyte differentiation, relating cellular function to virus susceptibility (2001) Immunology Wiley-Blackwell, 103, pp. 488-497. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmt1els7w%3D; Huang, Z., Ye, B., Han, J., Kong, F., Shan, P., Lu, Z., NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome is activated and inhibited by berberine via toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88/nuclear factor-κB pathway, in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced macrophage (2018) Mol Med Rep, 17, pp. 2673-2680. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhsFyqtrjO, PID: 29207123; Choy, K.T., Wong, A.Y.L., Kaewpreedee, P., Sia, S.F., Chen, D., Hui, K.P.Y., Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro (2020) Antiviral Research. Elsevier B.V., p. 178; Pradhan, P., Nguyen, M.L., Herpes simplex virus virucidal activity of MST-312 and epigallocatechin gallate (2018) Virus Research. Elsevier B.V., 249, pp. 93-98; Gabrielsen, B., Monath, T.P., Huggins, J.W., Kefauver, D.F., Pettit, G.R., Groszek, G., Antiviral (RNA) activity of selected amaryllidaceae isoquinoline constituents and synthesis of related substances (1992) J Nat Prod, 55, pp. 1569-1581. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXptlyhug%3D%3D; Tamura, G., Ando, K., Takatsuki, A., Arima, K., Suzuki, S., Antiviral activity of brefeldin A and verrucarin A (1968) Journal of Antibiotics, pp. 160-161; Why Lopinavir and Hydroxychloroquine Do Not Work on COVID-19 -- Sciencedaily, , https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200710112108.htm, Internet]. [cited 2020 Aug 10, Available from; Marzolini, C., Stader, F., Stoeckle, M., Franzeck, F., Egli, A., Bassetti, S., Effect of Systemic Inflammatory Response to SARS-CoV-2 on Lopinavir and Hydroxychloroquine Plasma Concentrations (2020) Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, , http://aac.asm.org/lookup/doi/10.1128/AAC.01177-20, Internet], [cited 2020 Aug 10, Available from; Schoergenhofer, C., Jilma, B., Stimpfl, T., Karolyi, M., Zoufaly, A., Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir and Ritonavir in Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Annals of Internal Medicine, , https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/abs/10.7326/M20-1550, [Internet]. American College of Physicians;, [cited 2020 Aug 10]; Available from; Guzzi, P.H., Mercatelli, D., Ceraolo, C., Giorgi, F.M., Master Regulator Analysis of the SARS-CoV-2/Human Interactome (2020) Journal of Clinical Medicine. MDPI AG, 9, p. 982; Gordon, D.E., Jang, G.M., Bouhaddou, M., Xu, J., Obernier, K., O’Meara, M.J., A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing. BioRxiv [Internet] (2020) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 2020. , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.22.002386v1.full; McGovern, M.E., Canning, D., . Vaccination and All-Cause Child Mortality From 1985 to 2011: Global Evidence From the Demographic and Health Surveys (2015) American Journal of Epidemiology [Internet]., 182, pp. 791-798. , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26453618/, Oxford University Press; Scheid, A., Borriello, F., Pietrasanta, C., Christou, H., Diray-Arce, J., Pettengill, M.A., Adjuvant effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin on hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity in the preterm and term newborn (2018) Frontiers in Immunology [Internet]. Frontiers Media S.A, 9, p. 24. , www.frontiersin.org, cited 2020 Aug 12, Available from; Shehadeh, N., Etzioni, A., Cahana, A., Teninboum, G., Gorodetsky, B., Barzilai, D., (1997) Repeated BCG Vaccination is More Effective than a Single Dose in Preventing Diabetes in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice. Undefined; Uthayakumar, D., Paris, S., Chapat, L., Freyburger, L., Poulet, H., de Luca, K., Non-specific Effects of vaccines illustrated through the BCG example: From observations to demonstrations [Internet] (2018) Frontiers in Immunology. NLM (Medline), p. 2869. , /pmc/articles/PMC6288394/?report=abstract; Faustman, D.L., Benefits of BCG-induced metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in autoimmune and nervous system diseases (2020) Journal of Internal Medicine, , https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/joim.13050, [Internet]. Blackwell Publishing Ltd;, [cited 2020 Aug 12];joim.13050. Available from; Netea, M.G., van Crevel, R., BCG-induced protection: Effects on innate immune memory [Internet] (2014) Seminars in Immunology. Academic Press, pp. 512-517. , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25444548/; Leentjens, J., Kox, M., Stokman, R., Gerretsen, J., Diavatopoulos, D.A., van Crevel, R., BCG vaccination enhances the immunogenicity of subsequent influenza vaccination in healthy volunteers: A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study (2015) Journal of Infectious Diseases, 212, pp. 1930-1938. , https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/212/12/1930/2911938, [Internet]. Oxford University Press;, [cited 2020 Aug 12], Available from; Ritz, N., Mui, M., Balloch, A., Curtis, N., Non-specific effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine on the immune response to routine immunisations (2013) Vaccine Elsevier, 31, pp. 3098-3103. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXosVOgs78%3D; Ota, M.O.C., Vekemans, J., Schlegel-Haueter, S.E., Fielding, K., Sanneh, M., Kidd, M., Influence of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin on antibody and cytokine responses to human neonatal vaccination (2002) The Journal of Immunology [Internet]. the American Association of Immunologists, 168, pp. 919-925. , http://www.jimmunol.org/content/168/2/919; (2017) BCG Vaccines 1 Report on BCG Vaccine Use for Protection against Mycobacterial Infections including Tuberculosis, Leprosy, and Other Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections Prepared by the SAGE Working Group on BCG Vaccines and WHO Secretariat; Moorlag, S.J.C.F.M., Arts, R.J.W., van Crevel, R., Netea, M.G., Non-specific effects of BCG vaccine on viral infections (2019) Clinical Microbiology and Infection, pp. 1473-1478. , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31055165/, Internet,. Elsevier B.V.;, cited 2020 Aug 10, Available from; Arts, R.J.W., Moorlag, S.J.C.F.M., Novakovic, B., Li, Y., Wang, S.Y., Oosting, M., BCG Vaccination Protects against Experimental Viral Infection in Humans through the Induction of Cytokines Associated with Trained Immunity (2018) Cell Host and Microbe, 23, pp. 89-100. , https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29324233/, [Internet]. Cell Press;, [cited 2020 Aug 10];, :,.,. Available from; Kleinnijenhuis, J., Quintin, J., Preijers, F., Joosten, L.A.B., Ifrim, D.C., Saeed, S., Bacille Calmette-Guérin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109, pp. 17537-17542. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhvVSltLjO; Aronson, N.E., Santosham, M., Comstock, G.W., Howard, R.S., Moulton, L.H., Rhoades, E.R., Long-term Efficacy of BCG Vaccine in American Indians and Alaska Natives: A 60-Year Follow-up Study (2004) Journal of the American Medical Association, pp. 2086-2091; Mateus, J., Grifoni, A., Tarke, A., Sidney, J., Ramirez, S.I., Dan, J.M., Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans. Science [Internet] (2020) American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), , http://science.sciencemag.org/; Sekine, T., Perez-Potti, A., Rivera-Ballesteros, O., Strålin, K., Gorin, J.-B., Olsson, A., Robust, T., Cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 (2020) Cell, , https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0092867420310084, [Internet]. Elsevier;, [cited 2020 Aug 27];0. Available from; Pavlidis, P., Qin, J., Arango, V., Mann, J.J., Sibille, E., Using the gene ontology for microarray data mining: A comparison of methods and application to age effects in human prefrontal cortex [Internet] (2004) Neurochemical Research, pp. 1213-1222. , https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:NERE.0000023608.29741.45, Springer; Khatri, P., Sirota, M., Butte, A.J., Ten Years of pathway analysis: Current approaches and outstanding challenges (2012) Plos Computational Biology [Internet]. Public Library of Science, 8. , https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002375, Ouzounis CA, editor; Barabási, A.-L., Oltvai, Z.N., Network biology: Understanding the cell’s functional organization (2004) Nature Reviews | Genetics, 5. , www.nature.com/reviews/genetics; Maleki, F., Ovens, K., Hogan, D.J., Kusalik, A.J., Gene set analysis: Challenges, opportunities, and future research (2020) Frontiers in Genetics, p. 654. , www.frontiersin.org, [Internet], Frontiers Media S.A.;, [cited 2020 Aug 23], Available from; Albert, R., Network inference, analysis, and modeling in systems biology [Internet]. Plant Cell (2007) American Society of Plant Biologists, pp. 3327-3338. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174897/; Ayoub, B.M., COVID-19 vaccination clinical trials should consider multiple doses of BCG (2020) Die Pharmazie [Internet]., 75, p. 159. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32295694; Gui, J., Mustachio, L.M., Su, D.M., Craig, R.W., Thymus size and age-related thymic involution: Early programming, sexual dimorphism, progenitors and stroma [Internet] (2012) Aging and Disease. International Society on Aging and Disease, pp. 280-290. , https://www.pmc/articles/PMC3375084/?report=abstract; Belizário, J.E., Brandão, W., Rossato, C., Peron, J.P., Thymic and postthymic regulation of Naïve CD4+ T-cell lineage fates in humans and mice models (2016) Mediators of Inflammation Hindawi Limited, 2016; Qi, Q., Zhang, D.W., Weyand, C.M., Goronzy, J.J., Mechanisms shaping the naïve T cell repertoire in the elderly - Thymic involution or peripheral homeostatic proliferation? (2014) Experimental Gerontology, 54, pp. 71-74. , Elsevier Inc; Mangtani, P., Nguipdop-Djomo, P., Keogh, R.H., Sterne, J.A., Abubakar, I., Smith, P.G., (2017) The Duration of Protection of School-Aged BCG Vaccination in England: A Population-Based Case-Control Study, , https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-abstract/47/1/193/4098108, cited 2020 May 3, Available from; Nguipdop-Djomo, P., Heldal, E., Rodrigues, L.C., Abubakar, I., Mangtani, P., Duration of BCG protection against tuberculosis and change in effectiveness with time since vaccination in Norway: a retrospective population-based cohort study. The lancet infectious diseases (2016) Lancet Publishing Group, 16, pp. 219-226; Kagina, B.M.N., Abel, B., Bowmaker, M., Scriba, T.J., Gelderbloem, S., Smit, E., Delaying BCG vaccination from birth to 10 weeks of age may result in an enhanced memory CD4 T cell response (2009) Vaccine, 27, pp. 5488-5495. , https://www.pmc/articles/PMC2745558/?report=abstract, [Internet]. NIH Public Access;, [cited 2020 Aug 24], Available from; Bull, N.C., Stylianou, E., Kaveh, D.A., Pinpathomrat, N., Pasricha, J., Harrington-Kandt, R., Enhanced protection conferred by mucosal BCG vaccination associates with presence of antigen-specific lung tissue-resident PD-1 + KLRG1 − CD4 + T cells (2019) Mucosal Immunology, 12, pp. 555-564. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41385-018-0109-1, Internet, Nature Publishing Group, cited 2020 Aug 27, Available from; Matsumiya, M., Satti, I., Chomka, A., Harris, S.A., Stockdale, L., Meyer, J., Gene expression and cytokine profile correlate with mycobacterial growth in a human BCG challenge model (2015) The Journal of Infectious Diseases [Internet], 211, pp. 1499-1509. , https://academic.oup.com/jid/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiu615, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhtV2hu7k%3D; Shannon, P., Markiel, A., Ozier, O., Baliga, N.S., Wang, J.T., Ramage, D., Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome research (2003) Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 13, pp. 2498-2504. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXovFWrtr4%3D; Szklarczyk, D., Gable, A.L., Lyon, D., Junge, A., Wyder, S., Huerta-Cepas, J., STRING v11: protein–protein association networks with increased coverage, supporting functional discovery in genome-wide experimental datasets (2018) Nucleic Acids Res, 47, pp. D607-D613; Chatr-Aryamontri, A., Ceol, A., Palazzi, L.M., Nardelli, G., Schneider, M.V., Castagnoli, L., MINT: the molecular INTeraction database (2006) Nucleic Acids Res, 35, pp. D572-D574; Peri, S., Navarro, J.D., Kristiansen, T.Z., Amanchy, R., Surendranath, V., Muthusamy, B., Human protein reference database as a discovery resource for proteomics (2004) Nucleic Acids Research [Internet]., 32, pp. D497-D501. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14681466; Bader, G.D., Betel, D.C.W.V., BIND: The Biomolecular Interaction Network Database, , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih, cited 2020 May 22, Available from; Xenarios, I., Rice, D.W., Salwinski, L., Baron, M.K., Marcotte, E.M., Eisenberg, D., DIP: The database of interacting proteins (2000) Nucleic Acids Res, , http://dip.doe-mbi.ucla.edu/, internet, Available from; Breitkreutz, B.-J., Stark, C., Reguly, T., Boucher, L., Breitkreutz, A., Livstone, M., The BioGRID interaction database: 2008 update (2007) Nucleic Acids Res, 36, pp. D637-D640; Kanehisa, M., Araki, M., Goto, S., Hattori, M., Hirakawa, M., Itoh, M., KEGG for linking genomes to life and the environment (2007) Nucleic Acids Res, 36, pp. D480-D484; Keseler, I.M., Collado-Vides, J., Gama-Castro, S., Ingraham, J., Paley, S., Paulsen, I.T., EcoCyc: a comprehensive database resource for Escherichia coli (2005) Nucleic Acids Res, 33, pp. D334-D337. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXisVGltA%3D%3D; Krupa, S., Anthony, K., Buchoff, J., Day, M., Hannay, T., (2007) Schaefer C, p. 1. , A cell signaling resource. Nature Precedings. Springer Science and Business Media LLC, The NCI-Nature Pathway Interaction Database; The Gene Ontology (GO) Database and Informatics Resource, , www.geneontology.org/, cited 2020 Apr 5]; Available from; Nikolsky, Y., Kirillov, E., Zuev, R., Rakhmatulin, E., Nikolskaya, T., Functional analysis of OMICs data and small molecule compounds in an integrated “knowledge-based” platform (2009) Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, NJ), 563, pp. 177-196; Lamb, J., Crawford, E.D., Peck, D., Modell, J.W., Blat, I.C., Wrobel, M.J., (2006) The connectivity map: using gene-expression signatures to connect small molecules, genes, and disease, , Science (New York, NY; Chindelevitch, L., Ziemek, D., Enayetallah, A., Randhawa, R., Sidders, B., Brockel, C., (2012) Causal Reasoning on Biological Networks: Interpreting Transcriptional Changes, 28, pp. 1114-1121. , http://www.selventa.com; Pollard, J., Butte, A.J., Hoberman, S., Joshi, M., Levy, J., Pappo, J., A computational model to define the molecular causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (2005) Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics Diabetes Technol Ther, 7, pp. 323-336. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjtl2lt7g%3D; Gplots Package | R Documentation [Internet]., , https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/gplots/versions/3.0.1.2; Wisskirchen, K., Lucifora, J., Michler, T., Protzer, U., New pharmacological strategies to fight enveloped viruses (2014) Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, pp. 470-478. , Elsevier Ltd; Barrows, N.J., Campos, R.K., Powell, S.T., Prasanth, K.R., Schott-Lerner, G., Soto-Acosta, R., A screen of FDA-approved drugs for inhibitors of Zika virus infection (2016) Cell Host and Microbe Cell Press, 20, pp. 259-270. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xht1Ghu7nM; Tamura, G., Ando, K., Takatsuki, A., Arima, K., Suzuki, S., Antiviral activity of brefeldin A and verrucarin A (1968) Journal of Antibiotics. J Antibiot (Tokyo), pp. 160-161; Dyall, J., Gross, R., Kindrachuk, J., Johnson, R.F., Olinger, G.G., Hensley, L.E., Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome: Current therapeutic options and potential targets for novel therapies (2017) Drugs. Springer International Publishing, pp. 1935-1966; Ianevski, A., Zusinaite, E., Kuivanen, S., Strand, M., Lysvand, H., Teppor, M., Novel activities of safe-in-human broad-spectrum antiviral agents (2018) Antiviral Research. Elsevier B.V., 154, pp. 174-182; Farias, K.J.S., Machado, P.R.L., de Almeida Júnior, R.F., Lopes Da Fonseca, B.A., Brefeldin A and Cytochalasin B reduce dengue virus replication in cell cultures but do not protect mice against viral challenge (2019) Access Microbiology. Microbiology Society, 1; Yang, S., Xu, M., Lee, E.M., Gorshkov, K., Shiryaev, S.A., He, S., Emetine inhibits Zika and Ebola virus infections through two molecular mechanisms: inhibiting viral replication and decreasing viral entry (2018) Cell Discovery Nature Publishing Groups, 4, pp. 1-14; Dong, H.J., Wang, Z.H., Meng, W., Li, C.C., Hu, Y.X., Zhou, L., The natural compound homoharringtonine presents broad antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo (2018) Viruses MDPI AG, 10 PY - 2020 SN - 07248741 (ISSN) ST - A Systems Biology Workflow for Drug and Vaccine Repurposing: Identifying Small-Molecule BCG Mimics to Reduce or Prevent COVID-19 Mortality T2 - Pharmaceutical Research TI - A Systems Biology Workflow for Drug and Vaccine Repurposing: Identifying Small-Molecule BCG Mimics to Reduce or Prevent COVID-19 Mortality UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092007368&doi=10.1007%2fs11095-020-02930-9&partnerID=40&md5=163567ac86f49f8a39edd9d3725cc709 VL - 37 ID - 303 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macau, China Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH), Guangzhou, China Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom AU - Hall, B. J. AU - Tucker, J. D. C2 - 32480357 C7 - 102179 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102179 J2 - Asian J. Psychiatry KW - anxiety awareness China coronavirus disease 2019 depression domestic violence France gender government health care system human Letter non-governmental organization pharmacist priority journal risk factor social isolation social psychology epidemiology psychology quarantine COVID-19 Humans Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Tucker, J.D.; Institute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, United States; email: jdtucker@med.unc.edu References: Berton, France to Put Domestic Abuse Victims in Hotels After Jump in Numbers (2020), Reuters, 2020; Cluver, L., Parenting in a time of COVID-19 (2020) Lancet, 395 (2020), p. E64; Digital, P., Covid-10 Lockdown: Police Receive 87 000 Gender-Based Violence Calls (2020), https://www.power987.co.za/news/covid-19-lockdown-police-receive-87-000-gender-based-violence-calls/, Retrieved from; Fang, M., Structural changes to enhance mental health services in China: experience and challenges (2019) Asian J. Psychiatr., 43 (2019), pp. 177-178; Feng, J., Covid-19 Fuels Domestic Violence in China (2020), https://supchina.com/2020/03/24/covid-19-fuels-domestic-violence-in-china/, Retrieved from; Gan, Y., The fight against COVID-19 and the restoration of trust in Chinese medical professionals (2020) Asian J. Psychiatr., , In Press; Tandon, R., The COVID-19 pandemic, personal reflections on editorial responsibility (2020) Asia Journal of Psychiatry., 50 (2020), p. 102100; Waters, H., The Economic Dimensions of Interpersonal Violence (2004), WHO, 2004 GenevaUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085341474&doi=10.1016%2fj.ajp.2020.102179&partnerID=40&md5=59daa8201318a4f6c2d97d640590a783 PY - 2020 SN - 18762018 (ISSN) ST - Surviving in place: The coronavirus domestic violence syndemic T2 - Asian Journal of Psychiatry TI - Surviving in place: The coronavirus domestic violence syndemic VL - 53 ID - 358 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder brought about due to dopaminergic neuronal cell loss in the midbrain substantia nigra pars compacta region. PD presents most commonly in older adults and is a disorder of both motor and nonmotor dysfunction. The novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is responsible for the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and older individuals, those with preexisting medical conditions, or both have an increased risk of developing COVID-19 with more severe outcomes. People-with-Parkinson’s (PwP) of advanced age can have both immune and autonomic nervous problems that potentially lead to pre-existing pulmonary dysfunction and higher infection risk, increasing the probability of contracting COVID-19. A lifestyle change involving moderate-intensity exercise has the potential to protect against SARS-CoV-2 through strengthening the immune system. In addition to a potential protective measure against SARS-CoV-2, exercise has been shown to improve quality-of-life (QoL) in PD patients. Recent studies provide evidence of exercise as both neuroprotective and neuroplastic. This article is a literature review investigating the role exercise plays in modifying the immune system, improving health outcomes in PwP, and potentially acting as a protective measure against SARS-Cov-2 infection. We conclude that exercise, when correctly performed, improves QoL and outcomes in PwP, and that the enhanced immune response from moderate-intensity exercise could potentially offer additional protection against COVID-19. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Hall, M. F. E. AU - Church, F. C. C7 - 612 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/brainsci10090612 IS - 9 J2 - Brain Sci. KW - Anti-inflammatory response Antiviral COVID-19 Exercise Neurodegenerative disorder Older adults Parkinson’s disease Pro-immune response SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin A interleukin 1 interleukin 10 interleukin 12 interleukin 6 interleukin 8 reactive oxygen metabolite transforming growth factor beta tumor necrosis factor adaptive immunity adult antiviral activity aspiration pneumonia central nervous system coronavirus disease 2019 degenerative disease energy expenditure human immune response immune system immunosurveillance inflammation innate immunity lung parenchyma monocyte mortality nerve cell plasticity nervous system inflammation neuroprotection neutrophil oxidative stress Parkinson disease physiology pneumonia quality of life regulatory T lymphocyte respiratory tract disease Review risk factor Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Th1 cell Th2 cell tissue injury upper respiratory tract infection walking LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Church, F.C.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United States; email: fchurch@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: interleukin 12, 138415-13-1; interleukin 8, 114308-91-7 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC Funding text 1: Acknowledgments: M.-F.E.H. gratefully acknowledges support from the Carolina Medical Student Research Program (CMSRP) at UNC School of Medicine. F.C.C. gratefully acknowledges Russell R. Broaddus, Joe W., and Evelyn M. Grisham Distinguished Professor and Department Chair, in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at UNC School of Medicine, for continued support of his Parkinson’s disease research/scholarship. Funding text 2: Funding: M.-F.E.H stipend support was by grant number T35-DK007386 from the National Institutes of Health. F.C.C. received no external funding for this research. References: Kalia, L., Lang, A., Parkinson’s disease (2015) Lancet, 386, pp. 896-912. , [CrossRef]; Poewe, W., Seppi, K., Tanner, C.M., Halliday, G.M., Brundin, P., Volkmann, J., Schrag, A.-E., Lang, A.E., Parkinson disease (2017) Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 3, p. 17013. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Simon, D.K., Tanner, C.M., Brundin, P., Parkinson Disease Epidemiology, Pathology, Genetics, and Pathophysiology (2020) Clin. Geriatr. Med, 36, pp. 1-12. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Ahlskog, J.E., (2015) The New Parkinson’s Disease Treatment Book: Partnering with Your Doctor to Get the Most from Your Medications, , Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA; Berganzo, K., Tijero, B., Gonzalez-Eizaguirre, A., Somme, J., Lezcano, E., Gabilondo, I., Fernandez, M., Gómez-Esteban, J., Motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and their impact on quality of life and on different clinical subgroups (2016) Neurología, 31, pp. 585-591. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Huang, X., Ng, S.E., Chia, N.Y., Setiawan, F., Tay, K.Y., Au, W.L., Tan, E.K., Tan, L.S., Non-motor symptoms in early Parkinson’s disease with different motor subtypes and their associations with quality of life (2019) Eur. J. Neurol, 26, pp. 400-406. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Reuland, C.J., Church, F.C., Synergy between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, α-synuclein, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease (2020) Med Hypotheses, 138, p. 109602. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Connolly, B.S., Lang, A.E., Pharmacological treatment of Parkinson disease: A review (2014) JAMA, 311, pp. 1670-1683. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Armstrong, M.J., Okun, M.S., Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: A review (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 548-560. , [CrossRef]; Hall, M.-F.E., Church, F.C., Integrative Medicine and Health Therapy for Parkinson Disease (2020) Top. Geriatr. Rehabil, 36, pp. 176-186. , [CrossRef]; Petzinger, G.M., Fisher, B.E., McEwen, S., Beeler, J.A., Walsh, J.P., Jakowec, M.W., Exercise-enhanced neuroplasticity targeting motor and cognitive circuitry in Parkinson’s disease (2013) Lancet Neurol, 12, pp. 716-726. , [CrossRef]; Hirsch, M., Farley, B., Exercise and neuroplasticity in persons living with Parkinson’s disease (2009) Eur. J. Phys. Rehabil. Med, 45, pp. 215-229. , [PubMed]; Speelman, A.D., Van De Warrenburg, B.P., Van Nimwegen, M., Petzinger, G.M., Munneke, M., Bloem, B.R., How might physical activity benefit patients with Parkinson disease? (2011) Nat. Rev. Neurol, 7, p. 528. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Bar-On, Y.M., Flamholz, A., Phillips, R., Milo, R., Science Forum: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by the numbers (2020) Elife, 9, p. e57309. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Jiang, F., Deng, L., Zhang, L., Cai, Y., Cheung, C.W., Xia, Z., Review of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) J. Gen. Intern. Med, 2020, pp. 1-5. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Tay, M.Z., Poh, C.M., Rénia, L., MacAry, P.A., Ng, L.F., The trinity of COVID-19: Immunity, inflammation and intervention (2020) Nat. Rev. Immunol, pp. 1-12. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Oberfeld, B., Achanta, A., Carpenter, K., Chen, P., Gilette, N.M., Langat, P., Said, J.T., Barczak, A.K., SnapShot: COVID-19 (2020) Cell, , [CrossRef]; Sun, P., Lu, X., Xu, C., Sun, W., Pan, B., Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence (2020) J. Med. Virol, 92, pp. 548-551. , [CrossRef]; Chen, H., Guo, J., Wang, C., Luo, F., Yu, X., Zhang, W., Li, J., Gong, Q., Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: A retrospective review of medical records (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 809-815. , [CrossRef]; Siddiqi, H.K., Mehra, M.R., COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: A clinical–therapeutic staging proposal (2020) J. Heart Lung Transplant, 39, p. 405. , [CrossRef]; Canna, S.W., Behrens, E.M., Making sense of the cytokine storm: A conceptual framework for understanding, diagnosing, and treating hemophagocytic syndromes (2012) Pediatric Clin, 59, pp. 329-344. , [CrossRef]; Henderson, L.A., Canna, S.W., Schulert, G.S., Volpi, S., Lee, P.Y., Kernan, K.F., Caricchio, R., Halyabar, O., On the alert for cytokine storm: Immunopathology in COVID-19 (2020) Arthritis Rheumatol, , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Del Rio, C., Malani, P.N., COVID-19—New insights on a rapidly changing epidemic (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1339-1340. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Anderson, R.M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., Hollingsworth, T.D., How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 931-934. , [CrossRef]; Leung, C.C., Lam, T.H., Cheng, K.K., Mass masking in the COVID-19 epidemic: People need guidance (2020) Lancet, 395, p. 945. , [CrossRef]; Lippi, G., Henry, B.M., Bovo, C., Sanchis-Gomar, F., Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Diagnosis, 7, pp. 85-90. , [CrossRef]; Walsh, N.P., Gleeson, M., Shephard, R.J., Gleeson, M., Woods, J.A., Bishop, N., Fleshner, M., Hoffman-Goete, L., Position statement part one: Immune function and exercise (2011) Exerc. Immunol. Rev, 17, pp. 6-63; Martin, S.A., Pence, B.D., Woods, J.A., Exercise and respiratory tract viral infections (2009) Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev, 37, p. 157. , [CrossRef]; Nieman, D.C., Pence, B.D., Exercise immunology: Future directions (2019) J. Sport Health Sci, , [CrossRef]; Nieman, D.C., Wentz, L.M., The compelling link between physical activity and the body’s defense system (2019) J. Sport Health Sci, 8, pp. 201-217. , [CrossRef]; Simpson, R.J., Katsanis, E., The immunological case for staying active during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Brain Behav. Immun, , [CrossRef]; Nikolich-Zugich, J., Knox, K.S., Rios, C.T., Natt, B., Bhattacharya, D., Fain, M.J., SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: What we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes (2020) Geroscience, pp. 1-10; Shahid, Z., Kalayanamitra, R., McClafferty, B., Kepko, D., Ramgobin, D., Patel, R., Aggarwal, C.S., Bhatt, D., COVID-19 and older adults: What we know (2020) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc, 68, pp. 926-929. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Jordan, R.E., Adab, P., Cheng, K., Covid-19: Risk Factors for Severe Disease and Death (2020) BMJ, , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Onder, G., Rezza, G., Brusaferro, S., Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1775-1776. , [CrossRef]; Lipsitch, M., Swerdlow, D.L., Finelli, L., Defining the epidemiology of Covid-19—Studies needed (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 1194-1196. , [CrossRef]; Hewitt, J., Carter, B., Vilches-Moraga, A., Quinn, T.J., Braude, P., Verduri, A., Pearce, L., Price, A., The effect of frailty on survival in patients with COVID-19 (COPE): A multicentre, European, observational cohort study (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5, pp. e444-e451. , [CrossRef]; Papa, S.M., Brundin, P., Fung, V.S., Kang, U.J., Burn, D.J., Colosimo, C., Chiang, H.L., Committee, M.-S.I., Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders (2020) Mov Disord, 6; Helmich, R.C., Bloem, B.R., The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Parkinson’s disease: Hidden sorrows and emerging opportunities (2020) J. Parkinson’s Dis, 10, p. 351. , [CrossRef]; Antonini, A., Leta, V., Teo, J., Chaudhuri, K.R., Outcome of Parkinson’s Disease patients affected by COVID-19 (2020) Mov. Disord, , [CrossRef]; Hribar, C.A., Cobbold, P.H., Church, F.C., Potential Role of Vitamin D in the Elderly to Resist COVID-19 and to Slow Progression of Parkinson’s Disease (2020) Brain Sci, 10, p. 284. , [CrossRef]; Podewils, L.J., Guallar, E., Mens sana in corpore sano (2006) Ann. Intern. Med, 144, pp. 135-136. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Chodzko-Zajko, W., Proctor, D., Fiatarone Singh, M., Minson, C., Nigg, C., Salem, G., Skinner, J., Exercise and physical activity for older adults. American College of Sports Medicine position stand (2009) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 41, pp. 1510-1530. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Piercy, K.L., Troiano, R.P., Ballard, R.M., Carlson, S.A., Fulton, J.E., Galuska, D.A., George, S.M., Olson, R.D., The physical activity guidelines for Americans (2018) JAMA, 320, pp. 2020-2028. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; How Much Should the Average Adult Exercise Every Day?, , https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/expert-answers/exercise/faq-2005791, Available online: (accessed on 10 August 2020); How Much Physical Activity Do You Need?, , https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/fitness-basics/aha-recs-for-physical-activity-infographic, Available online: (accessed on 10 August 2020); Abbas, A.K., Lichtman, A.H., Pillai, S., (2019) Basic Immunology E-Book: Functions and Disorders of the Immune System, , Elsevier Health Sciences: Philadelphia, PA, USA; Kostka, T., Berthouze, S.E., Lacour, J., Bonnefoy, M., The symptomatology of upper respiratory tract infections and exercise in elderly people (2000) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 32, pp. 46-51. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Matthews, C.E., Ockene, I.S., Freedson, P.S., Rosal, M.C., Merriam, P.A., Hebert, J.R., Moderate to vigorous physical activity and risk of upper-respiratory tract infection (2002) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 34, pp. 1242-1248. , [CrossRef]; Williams, P.T., Dose-response relationship between exercise and respiratory disease mortality (2014) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 46, pp. 711-717. , [CrossRef]; Batista, M.L., Rosa, J.C., Lopes, R.D., Lira, F.S., Martins, E., Yamashita, A.S., Brum, P.C., Seelaender, M., Exercise training changes IL-10/TNF-alpha ratio in the skeletal muscle of post-MI rats (2010) Cytokine, 49, pp. 102-108. , [CrossRef]; Nieman, D.C., Lee, J.W., Infectious episodes in runners before and after the Los Angeles Marathon (1990) J. Sports Med. Phys. Fit, 30, pp. 316-328; Lowder, T., Padgett, D.A., Woods, J.A., Moderate exercise early after influenza virus infection reduces the Th1 inflammatory response in lungs of mice (2006) Exerc. Immunol. Rev, 12, pp. 97-111; Zhang, J.-M., An, J., Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain (2007) Int. Anesth. Clin, 45, pp. 27-37. , [CrossRef]; Windsor, M.T., Bailey, T.G., Perissiou, M., Meital, L., Golledge, J., Russell, F.D., Askew, C.D., Cytokine Responses to Acute Exercise in Healthy Older Adults: The Effect of Cardiorespiratory Fitness (2018) Front. Physiol, 9. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Muñoz-Cánoves, P., Scheele, C., Pedersen, B.K., Serrano, A.L., Interleukin-6 myokine signaling in skeletal muscle: A double-edged sword? (2013) FEBS J, 280, pp. 4131-4148. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; da Silva Vasconcelos, E., Salla, R.F., Role of interleukin-6 and interleukin-15 in exercise (2018) Mini Rev, 6. , [CrossRef]; Petersen, A.M.W., Pedersen, B.K., The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise (2005) J. Appl. Physiol, 98, pp. 1154-1162. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Pedersen, B.K., Fischer, C.P., Beneficial health effects of exercise–the role of IL-6 as a myokine (2007) Trends Pharmacol. Sci, 28, pp. 152-156. , [CrossRef]; Fischer, C.P., Interleukin-6 in acute exercise and training: What is the biological relevance? (2006) Exerc. Immunol. Rev, 12, pp. 6-33; Starkie, R., Ostrowski, S.R., Jauffred, S., Febbraio, M., Pedersen, B.K., Exercise and IL-6 infusion inhibit endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha production in humans (2003) FASEB J, 17, pp. 884-886. , [CrossRef]; Vijay, K., Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future (2018) Int. Immunopharmacol, 59, pp. 391-412. , [CrossRef]; Flynn, M.G., McFarlin, B.K., Phillips, M.D., Stewart, L.K., Timmerman, K.L., Toll-like receptor 4 and CD14 mRNA expression are lower in resistive exercise-trained elderly women (2003) J. Appl. Physiol, 95, pp. 1833-1842. , [CrossRef]; Flynn, M.G., McFarlin, B.K., Toll-like receptor 4: Link to the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise? (2006) Exerc. Sport Sci. Rev, 34, pp. 176-181. , [CrossRef]; Fisher-Wellman, K., Bloomer, R.J., Acute exercise and oxidative stress: A 30 year history (2009) Dyn. Med, 8, pp. 1-25. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Tharp, G.D., Barnes, M.W., Reduction of saliva immunoglobulin levels by swim training (1990) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol, 60, pp. 61-64. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Allen Reish, H.E., Standaert, D.G., Role of α-synuclein in inducing innate and adaptive immunity in Parkinson disease (2015) J. Parkinson’s Dis, 5, pp. 1-19. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Kannarkat, G.T., Boss, J.M., Tansey, M.G., The role of innate and adaptive immunity in Parkinson’s disease (2013) J. Parkinson’s Dis, 3, pp. 493-514. , [CrossRef]; Wang, Q., Liu, Y., Zhou, J., Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease and its potential as therapeutic target (2015) Transl. Neurodegener, 4, p. 19. , [CrossRef]; Palasz, E., Niewiadomski, W., Gasiorowska, A., Wysocka, A., Stepniewska, A., Niewiadomska, G., Exercise-Induced Neuroprotection and Recovery of Motor Function in Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease (2019) Front. Neurol, 10. , [CrossRef]; Xu, L., Pu, J., Alpha-Synuclein in Parkinson’s Disease: From Pathogenetic Dysfunction to Potential Clinical Application (2016) Parkinsons Dis, 2016. , [CrossRef]; Jang, Y., Koo, J.-H., Kwon, I., Kang, E.-B., Um, H.-S., Soya, H., Lee, Y., Cho, J.-Y., Neuroprotective effects of endurance exercise against neuroinflammation in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mice (2017) Brain Res, 1655, pp. 186-193. , [CrossRef]; Palasz, E., Niewiadomski, W., Gasiorowska, A., Mietelska-Porowska, A., Niewiadomska, G., Neuroplasticity and Neuroprotective Effect of Treadmill Training in the Chronic Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2019) Neural Plast, 2019. , [CrossRef]; Salim, S., Sarraj, N., Taneja, M., Saha, K., Tejada-Simon, M.V., Chugh, G., Moderate treadmill exercise prevents oxidative stress-induced anxiety-like behavior in rats (2010) Behav. Brain Res, 208, pp. 545-552. , [CrossRef]; Cook, M.D., Martin, S.A., Williams, C., Whitlock, K., Wallig, M.A., Pence, B.D., Woods, J.A., Forced treadmill exercise training exacerbates inflammation and causes mortality while voluntary wheel training is protective in a mouse model of colitis (2013) Brain Behav. Immun, 33, pp. 46-56. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Chen, W., Wang, H.J., Shang, N.N., Liu, J., Li, J., Tang, D.H., Li, Q., Moderate intensity treadmill exercise alters food preference via dopaminergic plasticity of ventral tegmental area-nucleus accumbens in obese mice (2017) Neurosci. Lett, 641, pp. 56-61. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Zhou, W., Barkow, J.C., Freed, C.R., Running wheel exercise reduces α-synuclein aggregation and improves motor and cognitive function in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (2017) PLoS ONE, 12, p. e0190160. , [CrossRef]; Goes, A.T.R., Souza, L.C., Filho, C.B., Del Fabbro, L., De Gomes, M.G., Boeira, S.P., Jesse, C.R., Neuroprotective effects of swimming training in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (2014) Neuroscience, 256, pp. 61-71. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Voss, M.W., Vivar, C., Kramer, A.F., van Praag, H., Bridging animal and human models of exercise-induced brain plasticity (2013) Trends Cogn. Sci, 17, pp. 525-544. , [CrossRef]; Farley, B.G., Fox, C.M., Ramig, L.O., McFarland, D.H., Intensive amplitude-specific therapeutic approaches for Parkinson’s disease: Toward a neuroplasticity-principled rehabilitation model (2008) Top. Geriatr. Rehabil, 24, pp. 99-114. , [CrossRef]; Amara, A.W., Memon, A.A., Effects of exercise on non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (2018) Clin. Ther, 40, pp. 8-15. , [CrossRef]; Amateis, A.L., Boesel, C.L., Ehnert, B.P., Evans, A.S., Hurst, K.E., Marek, K.L., Sullivan, A.C., Huddleston, W.E., The need for mapping personal goals to exercise dosage in community-based exercise programs for people with Parkinson’s disease (2018) Physiother. Theory Pract, pp. 1-9. , [CrossRef]; de Carvalho, A.O., Sá Filho, A.S., Murillo-Rodriguez, E., Rocha, N.B., Carta, M.G., Machado, S., Physical exercise for parkinson’s disease: Clinical and experimental evidence (2018) Clin. Pract. Epidemiol. Ment. Health, 14, p. 89. , [CrossRef]; Ellis, T., Rochester, L., Mobilizing Parkinson’s disease: The future of exercise (2018) J. Parkinson’s Dis, 8, pp. S95-S100. , [CrossRef]; Intzandt, B., Beck, E.N., Silveira, C.R., The effects of exercise on cognition and gait in Parkinson’s disease: A scoping review (2018) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev, 95, pp. 136-169. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Rafferty, M.R., Schmidt, P.N., Luo, S.T., Li, K., Marras, C., Davis, T.L., Guttman, M., Simuni, T., Regular exercise, quality of life, and mobility in Parkinson’s disease: A longitudinal analysis of National Parkinson Foundation quality improvement initiative data (2017) J. Parkinson’s Dis, 7, pp. 193-202. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; David, F.J., Rafferty, M.R., Robichaud, J.A., Prodoehl, J., Kohrt, W.M., Vaillancourt, D.E., Corcos, D.M., Progressive resistance exercise and Parkinson’s disease: A review of potential mechanisms (2012) Parkinson’s Dis, 2012, p. 124527. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Lamotte, G., Rafferty, M.R., Prodoehl, J., Kohrt, W.M., Comella, C.L., Simuni, T., Corcos, D.M., Effects of endurance exercise training on the motor and non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease: A review (2015) J. Parkinson’s Dis, 5, pp. 21-41. , [CrossRef]; Rafferty, M.R., Prodoehl, J., Robichaud, J.A., David, F.J., Poon, C., Goelz, L.C., Vaillancourt, D.E., Corcos, D.M., Effects of Two Years of Exercise on Gait Impairment in People with Parkinson’s Disease: The PRET-PD Randomized Trial (2017) J. Neurol. Phys. Ther, 41, p. 21. , [CrossRef]; Ahlskog, J.E., Does vigorous exercise have a neuroprotective effect in Parkinson disease? (2011) Neurology, 77, pp. 288-294. , [CrossRef]; van der Kolk, N.M., de Vries, N.M., Kessels, R.P., Joosten, H., Zwinderman, A.H., Post, B., Bloem, B.R., Effectiveness of home-based and remotely supervised aerobic exercise in Parkinson’s disease: A double-blind, randomised controlled trial (2019) Lancet Neurol, 18, pp. 998-1008. , [CrossRef]; O’Callaghan, A., Harvey, M., Houghton, D., Gray, W.K., Weston, K.L., Oates, L.L., Romano, B., Walker, R.W., Comparing the influence of exercise intensity on brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum levels in people with Parkinson’s disease: A pilot study (2019) Aging Clin. Exp. Res, 2019, pp. 1-8. , [CrossRef]; Goh, J.O., Park, D.C., Neuroplasticity and cognitive aging: The scaffolding theory of aging and cognition (2009) Restor. Neurol. Neurosci, 27, pp. 391-403. , [CrossRef]; Petzinger, G.M., Fisher, B.E., Van Leeuwen, J.E., Vukovic, M., Akopian, G., Meshul, C.K., Holschneider, D.P., Jakowec, M.W., Enhancing neuroplasticity in the basal ganglia: The role of exercise in Parkinson’s disease (2010) Mov. Disord, 25, pp. S141-S145. , [CrossRef]; Tillerson, J.L., Cohen, A.D., Philhower, J., Miller, G.W., Zigmond, M.J., Schallert, T., Forced Limb-Use Effects on the Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of 6-Hydroxydopamine (2001) J. Neurosci, 21, pp. 4427-4435. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Cohen, A.D., Tillerson, J.L., Smith, A.D., Schallert, T., Zigmond, M.J., Neuroprotective effects of prior limb use in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats: Possible role of GDNF (2003) J. Neurochem, 85, pp. 299-305. , [CrossRef]; Steiner, B., Winter, C., Hosman, K., Siebert, E., Kempermann, G., Petrus, D.S., Kupsch, A., Enriched environment induces cellular plasticity in the adult substantia nigra and improves motor behavior function in the 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson’s disease (2006) Exp. Neurol, 199, pp. 291-300. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Farley, B.G., Koshland, G.F., Training BIG to move faster: The application of the speed–amplitude relation as a rehabilitation strategy for people with Parkinson’s disease (2005) Exp. Brain Res, 167, pp. 462-467. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Ebersbach, G., Ebersbach, A., Edler, D., Kaufhold, O., Kusch, M., Kupsch, A., Wissel, J., Comparing exercise in Parkinson’s disease–the Berlin LSVT®BIG study (2010) Mov. Disord, 25, pp. 1902-1908. , [CrossRef]; Isaacson, S., O’Brien, A., Lazaro, J.D., Ray, A., Fluet, G., The JFK BIG study: The impact of LSVT BIG® on dual task walking and mobility in persons with Parkinson’s disease (2018) J. Phys. Ther. Sci, 30, pp. 636-641. , [CrossRef]; Schenkman, M., Moore, C.G., Kohrt, W.M., Hall, D.A., Delitto, A., Comella, C.L., Josbeno, D.A., Kluger, B.M., Effect of high-intensity treadmill exercise on motor symptoms in patients with de novo Parkinson disease: A phase 2 randomized clinical trial (2018) JAMA Neurol, 75, pp. 219-226. , [CrossRef]; Tosserams, A., de Vries, N.M., Bloem, B.R., Nonnekes, J., Multidisciplinary care to optimize functional mobility in Parkinson disease (2019) Clin. Geriatr. Med, 36, pp. 159-172. , [CrossRef]; Ridgel, A.L., Vitek, J.L., Alberts, J.L., Forced, not voluntary, exercise improves motor function in Parkinson’s disease patients (2009) Neurorehabilit. Neural. Repair, 23, pp. 600-608. , [CrossRef]; Ferrazzoli, D., Ortelli, P., Cucca, A., Bakdounes, L., Canesi, M., Volpe, D., Motor-cognitive approach and aerobic training: A synergism for rehabilitative intervention in Parkinson’s disease (2020) Neurodegener. Dis. Manag, 10, pp. 41-55. , [CrossRef]; Carapellotti, A.M., Stevenson, R., Doumas, M., The efficacy of dance for improving motor impairments, non-motor symptoms, and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) PLoS ONE, 15, p. e0236820. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Borchers, E.E., McIsaac, T.L., Bazan-Wigle, J.K., Elkins, A.J., Bay, R.C., Farley, B.G., A physical therapy decision-making tool for stratifying persons with Parkinson’s disease into community exercise classes (2019) Neurodegener. Dis. Manag, 9, pp. 331-346. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; El-Sayes, J., Harasym, D., Turco, C.V., Locke, M.B., Nelson, A.J., Exercise-induced neuroplasticity: A mechanistic model and prospects for promoting plasticity (2019) Neuroscientist, 25, pp. 65-85. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Franzén, E., Johansson, H., Freidle, M., Ekman, U., Wallén, M.B., Schalling, E., Lebedev, A., Svenningsson, P., The EXPANd trial: Effects of exercise and exploring neuroplastic changes in people with Parkinson’s disease: A study protocol for a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (2019) BMC Neurol, 19, p. 280. , [CrossRef]; Johansson, H., Freidle, M., Ekman, U., Schalling, E., Leavy, B., Svenningsson, P., Hagströmer, M., Franzén, E., Feasibility Aspects of Exploring Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (2020) Parkinson’s Dis, 2020, p. 2410863. , [CrossRef]; Park, J., Han, D., Effects of high intensity aerobic exercise on treadmill on maximum-expiratory lung capacity of elderly women (2017) J. Phys. Ther. Sci, 29, pp. 1454-1457. , [CrossRef]; Taskin, H., Atalay, O.T., Kurtca, M.P., Kabul, E.G., Calik, B.B., Yalman, A., Yılmaz, A., Cobankara, V., The effects of aerobic training on respiratory muscle strength and exercise capacity in ankylosing spondylitis patients (2018) Eur. Respir. J, 52. , [CrossRef]; Sallam, N., Laher, I., Exercise Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Aging and Cardiovascular Diseases (2015) Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev, 2016, p. 7239639. , [CrossRef]; Simioni, C., Zauli, G., Martelli, A.M., Vitale, M., Sacchetti, G., Gonelli, A., Neri, L.M., Oxidative stress: Role of physical exercise and antioxidant nutraceuticals in adulthood and aging (2018) Oncotarget, 9, pp. 17181-17198. , [CrossRef]; Toledo, A.C., Magalhaes, R.M., Hizume, D.C., Vieira, R.P., Biselli, P.J.C., Moriya, H.T., Mauad, T., Martins, M.A., Aerobic exercise attenuates pulmonary injury induced by exposure to cigarette smoke (2012) Eur. Respir. J, 39, pp. 254-264. , [CrossRef]; Yan, Z., Spaulding, H.R., Extracellular superoxide dismutase, a molecular transducer of health benefits of exercise (2020) Redox Biol, 32, p. 101508. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Tao, L., Bei, Y., Lin, S., Zhang, H., Zhou, Y., Jiang, J., Chen, P., Li, X., Exercise Training Protects Against Acute Myocardial Infarction via Improving Myocardial Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Biogenesis (2015) Cell. Physiol. Biochem, 37, pp. 162-175. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Yardley, J.E., Kenny, G.P., Perkins, B.A., Riddell, M.C., Balaa, N., Malcolm, J., Boulay, P., Sigal, R.J., Resistance versus aerobic exercise: Acute effects on glycemia in type 1 diabetes (2013) Diabetes Care, 36, pp. 537-542. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Ghadieh, A.S., Saab, B., Evidence for exercise training in the management of hypertension in adults (2015) Can Fam Physician, 61, pp. 233-239. , [PubMed]; Colberg, S.R., Sigal, R.J., Yardley, J.E., Riddell, M.C., Dunstan, D.W., Dempsey, P.C., Horton, E.S., Tate, D.F., Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association (2016) Diabetes Care, 39, pp. 2065-2079. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Wisløff, U., Loennechen, J.P., Currie, S., Smith, G.L., Ellingsen, Ø., Aerobic exercise reduces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increases contractility, Ca2+ sensitivity and SERCA-2 in rat after myocardial infarction (2002) Cardiovasc. Res, 54, pp. 162-174. , [CrossRef]; Hewitt, J., Carter, B., McCarthy, K., Pearce, L., Law, J., Wilson, F., Tay, H., Moug, S., Frailty predicts mortality in all emergency surgical admissions regardless of age. An observational study (2019) Age Ageing, 48, pp. 388-394. , [CrossRef]; Tenison, E., Henderson, E.J., Multimorbidity and Frailty: Tackling Complexity in Parkinson’s Disease (2020) J. Parkinson’s Disease, 2020, pp. 1-7. , [CrossRef]; Aguirre, L.E., Villareal, D.T., Physical exercise as therapy for frailty (2015) Frailty: Pathophysiology, Phenotype and Patient Care, 83, pp. 83-92. , Karger Publishers: Basel, Switzerland; Freiberger, E., Kemmler, W., Siegrist, M., Sieber, C., Frailty and exercise interventions (2016) Z. Für Gerontol. Und Geriatr, 49, pp. 606-611. , [CrossRef]; Brown, M., Sinacore, D.R., Ehsani, A.A., Binder, E.F., Holloszy, J.O., Kohrt, W.M., Low-intensity exercise as a modifier of physical frailty in older adults (2000) Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil, 81, pp. 960-965. , [CrossRef]; Binder, E.F., Schechtman, K.B., Ehsani, A.A., Steger-May, K., Brown, M., Sinacore, D.R., Yarasheski, K.E., Holloszy, J.O., Effects of exercise training on frailty in community-dwelling older adults: Results of a randomized, controlled trial (2002) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc, 50, pp. 1921-1928. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Andrieieva, O., Hakman, A., Kashuba, V., Vasylenko, M., Patsaliuk, K., Koshura, A., Istyniuk, I., Effects of physical activity on aging processes in elderly persons (2019) J. Phys. Educ. Sport, 19, pp. 1308-1314; McPhee, J.S., French, D.P., Jackson, D., Nazroo, J., Pendleton, N., Degens, H., Physical activity in older age: Perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty (2016) Biogerontology, 17, pp. 567-580. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Vogel, T., Brechat, P.H., Leprêtre, P.M., Kaltenbach, G., Berthel, M., Lonsdorfer, J., Health benefits of physical activity in older patients: A review (2009) Int. J. Clin. Pract, 63, pp. 303-320. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; DiPietro, L., Physical activity in aging: Changes in patterns and their relationship to health and function (2001) J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med Sci, 56, pp. 13-22. , [CrossRef] PY - 2020 SN - 20763425 (ISSN) SP - 1-17 ST - Exercise for older adults improves the quality of life in parkinson’s disease and potentially enhances the immune response to covid-19 T2 - Brain Sciences TI - Exercise for older adults improves the quality of life in parkinson’s disease and potentially enhances the immune response to covid-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090246456&doi=10.3390%2fbrainsci10090612&partnerID=40&md5=2e4df51de8f81cc30ca9ecc6a751003b VL - 10 ID - 380 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Halperin, D. T. C2 - 32554522 DB - Scopus DO - 10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00189 IS - 2 J2 - Glob. Health Sci. Pract. KW - acquired immune deficiency syndrome attitude to health coping behavior coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus infection history human pandemic psychology risk factor virus pneumonia Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Adaptation, Psychological Coronavirus Infections Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice History, 20th Century Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Halperin, D.T.; Gillings School of Global Public Health, United States; email: dhalpe@gmail.com References: Timberg, C, Halperin, D., (2012) Tinderbox: How the West Sparked the AIDS Epidemic and How the World Can Finally Overcome It, , New York: Penguin Books; Epstein, H., (2007) The Invisible Cure: Why We Are Losing the Fight Against AIDS in Africa, , New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux; Roiphe, K., (1997) Last Night in Paradise: Sex and Morals at the Century's End, , New York: Little, Brown & Co; Marcus, J., Quarantine fatigue is real The Atlantic, , https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/quarantine-fatigue-real-and-shaming-people-wont-help/611482/, May 11, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Potts, M, Halperin, DT, Kirby, D, Public health. reassessing HIV prevention (2008) Science, 320 (5877), pp. 749-750; Halperin, D., Putting a plague in perspective (2008) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/01/opinion/01halperin.html, January 1, Accessed May 26, 2020; Timberg, C., Death counts become the rhythm of the pandemic in the absence of national mourning Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/05/24/death-counts-become-rhythm-pandemic-absence-national-mourning/, May 24, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Witte, M, Allen, M., A meta-analysis of fear appeals: implications for effective public health campaigns (2000) Health Educ Behav, 27 (5), pp. 591-615; Stephens, B., It's dangerous to be ruled by fear New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/opinion/coronavirus-data.html, March 20, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Ripley, A., Five ways to conquer your covid-19 fears Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/04/06/five-ways-conquer-your-covid-19-fears/, April 6, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Gallagher, S., Coronavirus: can latex gloves protect you from catching deadly virus? The Independent, , https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/coronavirus-do-gloves-work-stop-virus-spread-symptoms-outbreak-a9362871.html, May 6, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Zhang, JJ, Dong, X, Cao, YY, Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China (2020) Allergy, , Published online February 19, 2020; Hakim, D., Asthma is absent among top Covid-19 risk factors, early data shows New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/16/health/coronavirus-asthma-risk.html, April 16, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Ebhardt, T, Remondini, C, Bertacche, M., 99% of those who died from virus had other illness, Italy says Bloomberg News, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-18/99-of-those-who-died-from-virus-had-other-illness-italy-says, March 18, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), , https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf, World Health Organization (WHO). Published February 24, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Garg, S, Kim, K, Whitaker, M., Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019-COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1-30, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (15), pp. 458-464; Forrest, A., Coronavirus: obesity doubles risk of needing hospital treatment, study suggests The Independent, , https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/coronavirus-obesity-doubles-risk-hospital-treatment-covid-19-a9503196.html, May 7, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Patanavanich, R, Glantz, SA., Smoking is associated with COVID-19 progression: a meta-analysis, , Preprint. Posted online April 16, 2020; Patel, AB, Verma, A., Nasal ACE2 Levels and COVID-19 in children (2020) JAMA, , Published online May 20; Number of coronavirus cases by age group (for various countries), , https://www.statista.com/topics/5994/the-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak/, Statista.com. May 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Chronic illnesses: UN stands up to stop 41 million avoidable deaths peryear (2018) UN News, , https://news.un.org/en/story/2018/09/1021132, United Nations News. September 27, Accessed May 26, 2020; Finkelstein, EA, Trogdon, JG, Cohen, W, Dietz, W., Annual medical spending attributable to obesity: payer-and service-specific estimates (2009) Health Aff, 28 (5), pp. w822-w831; Halperin, D., Puerto Rico's man-made disasters will kill more people than natural catastrophes Miami Herald, , https://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/op-ed/article239463738.html, January 20, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Little, L, Read, RC, Amlôt, R, Reducing risks from coronavirus transmission in the home-the role of viral load (2020) BMJ, 369; Camero, K., How long you are exposed to coronavirus can determine if you get sick, experts say Miami Herald, , https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article242846836.html, May 19, 2020. Accessed June 8, 2020; Kolata, G., Why are some people so much more infectious than others? NewYorkTimes, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/12/health/coronavirus-superspreader-why-infectious.html, April 12, 2020. Updated April 13, 2020; Guarino, B, Achenbach, J., Virus 'does not spread easily' from contaminated surfaces or animals, revised CDC website state Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/21/virus-does-not-spread-easily-contaminated-surfaces-or-animals-revised-cdc-website-states/, May 21, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Bromage, E., The risks: know them, avoid them, , https://erinbromage.wixsite.com/covid19/post/the-risks-know-them-avoid-them, Erin Bromage: COVID-19 Musings blog. May6, 2020. Updated May 20, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Review of "COVID-19 outbreak associated with air conditioning in restaurant, Guangzhou, China, 2020." https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/ncov/research/research-covid-19-outbreak-air-conditioning-restaurant-guangzhou.pdf, Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). Toronto, Canada: Queen's Printer for Ontario; 2020; Miller, AM., Stop shaming people forgoing outside. The risks are generally low, and the benefits are endless Business Insider, , https://www.businessinsider.com/you-can-still-go-outside-while-quarantining-sheltering-in-place-2020-4, Apr 25, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Yudistira, N, Sumitro, SB, Nahas, A, Riama, NF., UV light influences covid-19 activity through big data: trade-offs between northern subtropical, tropical, and southern subtropical countries, , Preprint. Posted online May 22, 2020; Bukhari, Q, Jameel, Y., Will coronavirus pandemic diminish by summer? Massachusetts Institute of Technology. March 17, 2020. Updated April 18, 2020; Wu, Y, Jing, W, Liu, J, Effects of temperature and humidity on the daily new cases and new deaths of COVID-19 in 166 countries (2020) Sci Total Environ, 729, p. 139051; Qian, H, Miao, T, Liu, L, Zheng, X, Luo, D, Li, Y., Indoor transmission of SARS-CoV-2, , Preprint. Posted online April 7, 2020; Yglesia, M., The successful Asian coronavirus-fighting strategy America refuses to embrace https://www.vox.com/2020/4/28/21238456/centralized-isolation-coronavirus-hong-kong-korea, Vox. April 28, 2020. Accessed June 8, 2020; Kolbert, E., How Iceland beat the coronavirus New Yorker, , https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/06/08/how-iceland-beat-the-coronavirus, June 1, 2020. Accessed June 8, 2020; Acemoglu, D, Chernozhukov, V, Werning, I, Whinston, MD., (2020) Multi-risk SIR model with optimally targeted lockdown, , Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper 27102; Li, W, Zhang, B, Lu, J, The characteristics of household transmission of COVID-19 (2020) Clin Infect Dis, p. ciaa450. , Published online April 17; Popkin, G., Don't cancel the outdoors; we need it to stay sane Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/03/24/dont-cancel-outdoors-we-need-them-stay-sane/, March 20, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Blocken, B, Malizia, F, van Druenen, T, Marchal, T., (2020) Towards aerody-namically equivalent COVID-19 1.5 m social distancing for walking and running, , http://www.urbanphysics.net/Social%20Distancing%20v20_White_Paper.pdf, Accessed May 26, 2020; Zakaria, F., The pandemic is too important to be left to the scientists Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/itll-take-more-than-just-scientists-to-stem-this-pandemic/2020/04/30/9ee1daf6-8b1d-11ea-9dfd-990f9dcc71fc_story.html, April 30, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Leung, G., Lockdown can't last forever: here's how to lift it New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/opinion/coronavirus-end-social-distancing.html, April 6, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Katz, D., Is our fight against coronavirus worse than the disease? New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/20/opinion/coronavirus-pandemic-social-distancing.html, March 20, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Osterholm, MT, Olshaker, M., Facing covid-19 reality: a national lockdown is no cure Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/03/21/facing-covid-19-reality-national-lockdown-is-no-cure/, March 21, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Stockman, LJ, Massoudi, MS, Helfand, R, Severe acute respiratory syndrome in children (2007) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 26 (1), pp. 68-74; Wu, KJ., The coronavirus spares most kids. These theories may help explain why National Geographic, , https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/03/coronavirus-spares-most-kids-these-theories-may-help-explain-why/, March 25, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Verdoni, L, Mazza, A, Gervasoni, A, An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study (2020) Lancet, , Published online May 13, 2020; Barber, G., What's the strange ailment affecting children with Covid-19? Wired, , https://www.wired.com/story/whats-the-strange-ailment-affecting-kids-with-covid-19/, May 15, 2020; Cunningham, RM, Walton, MA, Carter, PM., The major causes of death in children and adolescents in the United States (2018) N Engl J Med, 379 (25), pp. 2468-2475; Roy, A., 43% of COVID-19 deaths areinnursing homes and assisted living facilities housing 0.6% of U.S. Forbes, , https://www.forbes.com/sites/theapothecary/2020/05/26/nursing-homes-assisted-living-facilities-0-6-of-the-u-s-population-43-of-u-s-covid-19-deaths/#ead4edf74cdb, May 26, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; de Benito, E., Los niños tienen menos receptores en la nariz para que el coronavirus penetre en el organismo https://elpais.com/sociedad/2020-05-21/los-ninos-tienen-menos-receptores-para-que-entre-el-coronavirus-en-la-nariz.html, El País. May 21, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Klausner, J, Bhatia, R., The way to save our kids is to reopen our schools and camps Daily Beast, , https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-way-to-save-our-kids-is-to-reopen-our-schools-and-camps, May 27, 2020. Accessed June 8, 2020; Munro, A., (2020) The missing link? children and transmission of SAR-CoV-2, don't forget the bubbles; Zweig, D., The case for reopening schools Wired, , https://www.wired.com/story/the-case-for-reopening-schools/, May 11, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Halperin, D., The case for reopening schools this fall Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2020/05/29/case-reopening-schools-this-fall/, May 29, 2020. Accessed June 8, 2020; Vogel, G, Couzin-Frankel, J., Should schools reopen? kids' role in pandemic still a mystery Science, , https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/05/should-schools-reopen-kids-role-pandemic-still-mystery, May 4, 2020. Accessed May 26, 2020; Gudbjartsson, DF, Helgason, Jonsson H, Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Icelandic Population (2020) N Engl J Med, , NEJMoa2006100. Published online April 14, 2020; https://www.economist.com/leaders/2020/04/30/when-easing-lockdowns-governments-should-open-schools-first, When easing lockdowns, governments should open schools first. Economist. April 30, 2020; Coronavirus disease 201 9 in children - United States, February 12-April 2, 2020 (2020) MMWRMorbMortal WklyRep, 69 (14), pp. 422-426; Grifoni, A, Weiskopf, D, Ramirez, SI, Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1-13; Coronavirus in children: risk factors, contagiousness, viral load - what we know so far as schools consider reopening Reuters, , https://www.scmp.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/article/3085281/coronavirus-children-risk-factors-contagiousness-viral, May 21, 2020. Accessed June 8, 2020; Zhu, Y, Bloxham, CJ, Hulme, KD, Children are unlikely to have been the primary source of household SARS-CoV-2 infections, , Preprint. Posted online March 30, 2020; Courtemanche, C, Garuccio, J, Le, A, Pinkston, J, Yelowitz, A., Strong social distancing measures in the United States reduced the COVID-19 growth rate (2020) Health Aff, 39 (7); Pandemic school closures: risks and opportunities (2020) Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 4 (5), p. 341. , The Lancet Child Adolescent Health; Crawfurd, C, Hares, S, Sandefur, J, Minardi, AL, Center for Global Development blog post, , https://www.cgdev.org/blog/back-school-tracking-covid-cases-schools-reopen, Back to school Tracking COVID cases as schools reopen, May 29, 2020. Accessed June 8, 2020; Pancevski, B., Is it safe to reopen schools? These countries say yes Wall Street Journal, , https://www.wsj.com/articles/is-it-safe-to-reopen-schools-these-countries-say-yes-1159092894, May 31, 2020. Accessed June 8, 2020; Reopening schools in Denmark did not worsen outbreak, data shows https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-denmark-reopening/reopening-schools-in-denmark-did-not-worsen-outbreak-data-shows-idUSKBN2341N7, Reuters. May 28, 2020. Accessed June 8, 2020; Davidson Sorkin, A., The complex question of reopening schools New Yorker, , https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2020/06/01/the-complex-question-of-reopening-schools, June 1, 2020. Accessed June 8, 2020; PY - 2020 SN - 2169575X (ISSN) SP - 155-165 ST - Coping with COVID-19: Learning from past pandemics to avoid pitfalls and panic T2 - Global Health Science and Practice TI - Coping with COVID-19: Learning from past pandemics to avoid pitfalls and panic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087466277&doi=10.9745%2fGHSP-D-20-00189&partnerID=40&md5=049c00fb83798d620aaf4b0ad980f3f8 VL - 8 ID - 485 ER - TY - JOUR AD - The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Rockville, MD, United States Clinical Development & Analytics, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland Section for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Statistical Innovation, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Hamasaki, T. AU - Bretz, F. AU - Cooner, F. AU - LaVange, L. M. AU - Posch, M. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/19466315.2020.1828692 IS - 4 J2 - Stat. Biopharm. Res. KW - biostatistics clinical research clinical trial (topic) clinical trial protocol coronavirus disease 2019 data integrity data validity diagnostic test drug repositioning drug safety Editorial human information processing isolation medical research pandemic scientific literature social distancing statistics LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Hamasaki, T.; The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, 6110 Executive Blvd, United States; email: thamasaki@gwu.edu References: Akacha, M., Branson, J., Bretz, F., Dharan, B., Gallo, P., Gathmann, I., Hemmings, R., Zuber, E., “Challenges in Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Integrity and Interpretability of Clinical Trials,” (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; Collins, S.H., Levenson, M.S., “Comment on ‘Statistical Issues and Recommendations for Clinical Trials Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic’,” (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; Degtyarev, E., Rufibach, K., Shentu, Y., Yung, G., Casey, M., Englert, S., Liu, F., Zhou, J., “Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on the Clinical Trial Objective and Analysis of Oncology Clinical Trials—Application of the Estimand Framework (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; Dequin, P.F., Le Gouge, A., Tavernier, E., Giraudeau, B., Zohar, S., “Embedding a COVID-19 Group Sequential Clinical Trial Within an Ongoing Trial: Lessons From an Unusual Experience (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; Guo, T., Chen, C., Chiang, C., Chen, C.-T., Hsiao, C.-F., “Operational Experiences in China and Statistical Issues on the Conduct of Clinical Trials During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; Hemmings, R., “Under a Black Cloud Glimpsing a Silver Lining: Comment on Statistical Issues and Recommendations for Clinical Trials Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic,” (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; (2019), http://www.ich.org, Topic E9(R1) on Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis Clinical Trials to the Guideline on Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials; (2020), http://www.jpma.or.jp/medicine/shinyaku/tiken/allotment/pdf/covid-19_conduct-clinical-trials.pdf, COVID-19 [inline image] COVID-19 Pandemic-ka deno Rinshosiken-Jisshi nitaisuru Toukeitekikadai to Suisho (in Japanese) [Statistical Issues and Recommendations for Clinical Trials Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic]; Kunz, C.U., Jörgens, S., Bretz, F., Stallard, N., Van Lancker, K., Xi, D., Zohar, S., Friede, T., “Clinical Trials Impacted by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Adaptive Designs to the Rescue?,” (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; Meyer, R.D., Ratitch, B., Wolbers, M., Marchenko, O., Quan, H., Li, D., Fletcher, C., Hale, M., “Statistical Issues and Recommendations for Clinical Trials Conducted During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; Nilsson, M., Crowe, B., Anglin, G., Ball, G., Munsaka, M., Shahin, S., Wang, W., “Clinical Trial Drug Safety Assessment for Studies and Submissions Impacted by COVID-19,” (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; O’Kelly, M., Li, S., “Assessing via Simulation the Operating Characteristics of the WHO Scale for COVID-19 Endpoints,” (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; Stallard, N., Hampson, L., Benda, N., Brannath, W., Burnett, T., Friede, T., Kimani, P.K., Jaki, T., “Efficient Adaptive Designs for Clinical Trials of Interventions for COVID-19 (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; Wiens, B.L., Lipkovich, I., “The Impact of Major Events on Ongoing Noninferiority Trials, With Application to COVID-19,” (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research; Zame, W.R., Bica, I., Shen, C., Curth, A., Lee, H.S., Bailey, S., Weatherall, J., van der Schaar, M., “Machine Learning for Clinical Trials in the Era of COVID-19,” (2020) Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research PY - 2020 SN - 19466315 (ISSN) SP - 397-398 ST - Statistical Challenges in the Conduct and Management of Ongoing Clinical Trials During the COVID-19 Pandemic T2 - Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research TI - Statistical Challenges in the Conduct and Management of Ongoing Clinical Trials During the COVID-19 Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094845167&doi=10.1080%2f19466315.2020.1828692&partnerID=40&md5=f544fe26b6be049f11e2c65757afaf10 VL - 12 ID - 334 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Geriatric Medicine, UNC Palliative Care Program, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Hanson, L. C. C2 - 32716673 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1089/jpm.2020.0446 IS - 9 J2 - J. Palliative Med. KW - African American clinical practice clinician coronavirus disease 2019 Editorial emergency medicine health care health disparity Hispanic hospitalization human indigenous people infection risk intensive care palliative therapy pandemic patient comfort Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 social determinants of health Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection nursing palliative nursing virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Hospice and Palliative Care Nursing Humans Palliative Care Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JPAMF Correspondence Address: Hanson, L.C.; Division of Geriatric Medicine, United States; email: laura_hanson@med.unc.edu References: COVID-19 Response Resources Hub: Center to Advance Palliative Care, , https://www.capc.org/covid-19, (Last acceseed July 11, 2020); COVID Resources: VITALtalk, , https://www.vitaltalk.org/covid-resources, (Last accessed July 11, 2020); Serious Illness Care Program COVID-19 Response Tooklit: Ariadne Labs, , https://covid19.ariadnelabs.org/serious-illnesscare-program-covid-19-response-toolkit/#patient-resources, (Last accessed July 11, 2020); National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care, , https://covid19.ariadnelabs.org/serious-illnesscare-program-covid-19-response-toolkit/#patient-resources, COVID-19 Resources: (Last accessed July 11, 2020); Resources to Address Coronavirus disease 2019: American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, , http://aahpm.org/education/covid-19-resources, (Last accessed July 11, 2020); Chua, IS, Jackson, V, Kamdar, M., Webside manner during the COVID-19 pandemic: maintaining human connection during virtual visits (2020) J Palliat Med, , [Epub ahead of print]; Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups: Centers for Disease Control, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/racial-ethnic-minorities.html, COVID-19 in (Last accessed July 11, 2020) PY - 2020 SN - 10966218 (ISSN) SP - 1145-1146 ST - We Will All Be Changed: Palliative Care Transformation in the Time of COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Palliative Medicine TI - We Will All Be Changed: Palliative Care Transformation in the Time of COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090278487&doi=10.1089%2fjpm.2020.0446&partnerID=40&md5=6fb126fdef55da14a4e4a50169f4cb10 VL - 23 ID - 379 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Evidence relating to the impact of COVID-19 in people with diabetes (PWD) is limited but continuing to emerge. PWDappear to be at increased risk of more severe COVID-19 infection, though evidence quantifying the risk is highly uncertain. The extent to whichclinical and demographic factors moderate this relationshipis unclear, though signals are emerging that link higher BMI and higher HbA1c to worse outcomes in PWD with COVID-19. As well as posing direct immediate risks to PWD, COVID-19 also risks contributing to worse diabetes outcomes due to disruptions caused by the pandemic, including stress and changes to routine care, diet, and physical activity. Countries have used various strategies to support PWD during this pandemic. There is a high potential for COVID-19 to exacerbate existing health disparities, and research and practice guidelines need to take this into account. Evidence on the management of long-term conditions during national emergencies suggests various ways to mitigate the risks presented by these events. © 2020 by the American Diabetes Association. AD - Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Clinical and Experimental Med-icine, Section of Metabolic Diseases and Diabe-tes, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Peking University Diabetes Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, China Federation de Diabetologie, Bichat Hospital, As-sistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France UFR de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leices-ter, Leicester, United Kingdom AU - Hartmann-Boyce, J. AU - Morris, E. AU - Goyder, C. AU - Kinton, J. AU - Perring, J. AU - Nunan, D. AU - Mahtani, K. AU - Buse, J. B. AU - Del Prato, S. AU - Ji, L. AU - Roussel, R. AU - Khunti, K. C2 - 32546593 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2337/dc20-1192 IS - 8 J2 - Diabetes Care KW - angiotensin receptor antagonist chloroquine dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonist glucose hemoglobin A1c hydroxychloroquine sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor insulin metformin age distribution Article body mass China clinical feature clinical practice comorbidity coronavirus disease 2019 demography diabetes control diabetes mellitus dietary intake disease severity evidence based medicine France glucose blood level health care planning health disparity health service human infection risk intermediate risk population Italy mental health mental stress physical activity practice guideline risk assessment risk factor self care sex difference treatment planning United Kingdom United States blood glucose monitoring clinical outcome clinical research diabetic patient disaster disease association disease exacerbation disease management experience hemoglobin blood level high risk patient hospital care hospital patient learning nonhuman pandemic risk risk reduction stress Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection emergency risk management virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Disasters Emergencies Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :24 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: DICAD Correspondence Address: Hartmann-Boyce, J.; Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, United Kingdom; email: jamie.hartmann-boyce@phc.ox.ac.uk Chemicals/CAS: chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; glucose, 50-99-7, 84778-64-3; hemoglobin A1c, 62572-11-6; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; insulin, 9004-10-8; metformin, 1115-70-4, 657-24-9 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, P30DK124723, UL1TR002489 Funding details: Wellcome Trust, WT Funding details: National Institute for Health Research, NIHR Funding text 1: Partsofthisarticleare based on Rapid Reviews conducted for the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine?sCOVID-19Evidence Service (23,61,62). Funding. This work was not funded. E.M. and C.G. are funded by Wellcome Trust fellow-ships. J.B.B. is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002489 and P30DK124723). K.K. acknowledges support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration East Midland (NIHR ARC-EM) and the NIHR Leicester Biomed-ical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the authors and not those of the universities, the NIHR, or the U.K. Department of Health and Social Care. References: Gupta, R, Ghosh, A, Singh, AK, Misra, A., Clinical considerations forpatientswithdiabetesintimes of COVID-19 epidemic (2020) Diabetes Metab Syndr, 14, pp. 211-212; Yang, J, Zheng, Y, Gou, X, Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV2: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94, pp. 91-95; Emami, A, Javanmardi, F, Pirbonyeh, N, Akbari, A., Prevalence of underlying diseases in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Arch Acad Emerg Med, 8, p. e35; Li, B, Yang, J, Zhao, F, Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China (2020) Clin Res Cardiol, 109, pp. 531-538; Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with coro-navirus disease 2019 – United States, February 12-March 28, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 382-386. , CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Docherty, AB, Harrison, EM, Green, CA, Features of 16,749 hospitalised UK patients with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Char-acterisation Protocol, , 28 April 2020 [preprint]. medRxiv; Jordan, RE, Adab, P, Cheng, KK., Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death (2020) BMJ, 368, p. m1198; Stefan, N, Birkenfeld, AL, Schulze, MB, Ludwig, DS., Obesity and impaired metabolic health in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2020, pp. 1-2; Khunti, K, Singh, AK, Pareek, M, Hanif, W., Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19? (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1548; Aronson, JK, Ferner, RE., Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in COVID-19, , https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/angiotensin-converting-enzyme-ace-inhibitors-and-angiotensin-receptor-blockers-in-covid-19/, 22 March 2020. Accessed 1 May 2020; Cariou, B, Samy, H, Wargny, M, Pheno-typic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and diabetes: the CORONADO study Diabetologia, , 29 May 2020 [Epub ahead of print]; Type 1 and type 2 diabetes and COVID-19 related mortality in England, , https://www.england.nhs.uk/publication/type-1-and-type-2-diabetes-and-covid-19-related-mortality-in-england/, NHS England. 20 May 2020. Accessed 21 May 2020; Bode, B, Garrett, V, Messler, J, Glycemic characteristics and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the United States J Diabetes Sci Technol, , 9 May 2020 [Epub ahead of print]; Zhu, L, She, Z-G, Cheng, X, Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes (2020) Cell Metab, 31, pp. 1068-1077; Williamson, E, Walker, AJ, Bhaskaran, KJ, OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospitaldeathin thelinkedelectronichealthrecordsof 17 million adult NHS patients, , The OpenSAFELY Collaborative; 7 May 2020 [pre-print]. medRxiv; Saulnier, DD, Brolin Ribacke, K, von Schreeb, J., No calm after the storm: A systematic review of human health following flood and storm disas-ters (2017) Prehosp Disaster Med, 32, pp. 568-579; Fonseca, VA, Smith, H, Kuhadiya, N, Impact of a natural disaster on diabetes: exac-erbation of disparities and long-term consequen-ces (2009) Diabetes Care, 32, pp. 1632-1638; Ng, J, Atkin, SL, Rigby, AS, Walton, C, Kilpatrick, ES., The effect of extensive flooding in Hull on the glycaemic control of patients with diabetes (2011) Diabet Med, 28, pp. 519-524; Chudasama, YV, Zaccardi, F, Gillies, CL, Leisure-time physical activity and life expectancy in people with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and depression (2020) J Intern Med, 287, pp. 87-99; Impact of COVID-19 on the diabetes community in the United States, 2020, , https://d-qa.com/impact-of-covid-19-on-the-usa-diabetes-community/?utm_source5Closer1Look1Subscribers12018&utm_campaign54285f7ac19-2020-04-19_WIR_4%2F13-4%2F1704_18_2020&utm_medium5email&utm_term50_c55d924bf1-4285f7ac19-409220105, dQ&A. Accessed 24 April 2020; Grenard, JL, Munjas, BA, Adams, JL, Depression and medication adherence in the treatment of chronic diseases in the United States: a meta-analysis (2011) J Gen Intern Med, 26, pp. 1175-1182. , etal; Qiu, J, Shen, B, Zhao, M, Wang, Z, Xie, B, Xu, Y., A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations (2020) Gen Psychiatr, 33, p. e100213; Hartmann-Boyce, J, Mahtani, KR., CEBM: Sup-porting people with long-term conditions (LTCs) during national emergencies, , https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/supporting-people-with-long-term-conditions-ltcs-during-national-emergencies/, Accessed 18 April 2020 2020; Aminuddin, HB, Jiao, N, Jiang, Y, Hong, J, Wang, W., Effectiveness of smartphone-based self-management interventions on self-efficacy, self-care activities, health-related quality of life and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) Int J Nurs Stud, , 8 February [Epub ahead of print]; Pal, K, Eastwood, SV, Michie, S, Computer-based diabetes self-management interventions foradultswithtype2diabetesmellitus (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, p. CD008776; Huang, L, Yan, Z, Huang, H., The effect of short messageserviceinterventionon glycemiccontrol in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) Postgrad Med, 131, pp. 566-571; Sahin, C, Courtney, KL, Naylor, PJE, E Rhodes, R., Tailored mobile text messaging interventions targeting type 2 diabetes self-management: a systematic review and a meta-analysis (2019) Digit Health, 5, p. 2055207619845279; Xu, Y, Tan, DHY, Lee, JY-C., Evaluating the impact of self-monitoring of blood glucose frequencies on glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes who do not use insulin: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) Int J Clin Pract, 73, p. e13357; Malanda, UL, Welschen, LMC, Riphagen, II, Dekker, JM, Nijpels, G, Bot, SDM., Self-monitoring of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are not using insulin (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, p. CD005060; Woolley, AK, Chudasama, Y, Seidu, SI, Influence of sociodemographic characteristics on thepreferred formatofhealtheducationdelivery in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and or cardiovascular disease: a questionnaire study (2020) Diabet Med, 37, pp. 982-990; Using virtual consultations in the fight against COVID-19: Inter-view with Professor Trish Greenhalgh, , https://www.health.org.uk/news-and-comment/newsletter-features/using-virtual-consultations-in-the-fight-against-covid-19, The Health Foundation. 30 March 2020. Accessed 18 April 2020; Farrell, K, Holmes-Walker, DJ., Mobile phone support is associated with reduced ketoacidosis in young adults (2011) Diabet Med, 28, pp. 1001-1004; Viana, LV, Gomes, MB, Zajdenverg, L, Pavin, EJ, Azevedo, MJ, Interventions to improve patients’ com-pliance with therapies aimed at lowering glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)intype1diabetes:systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled clinical trials of psychological, telecare, and educational interventions (2016) Trials, 17, p. 94. , Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group; Mental Health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, , https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf, World Health Organisation. 18 March 2020. Accessed 18 April 2020; Shelvin, M, McBride, O, Murphy, J, Anxiety, depression, traumatic stress, and COVID-19 related anxiety in the UK general population suring the COVID-19 pandemic 18 April 2020 [preprint]. PsyArXiv; Diabetes and Mental Health, , https://www.diabetes.org.uk/resources-s3/2018-08/Diabetes%20and%20Mental%20Health%20%28PDF%2C%205.7MB%29.pdf, The All-Party Parliamentary Group for Diabetes (APPG Diabetes). Accessed April 18, 2020; Krousel-Wood, MA, Islam, T, Muntner, P, Medication adherence in older clinic patients with hypertension after Hurricane Katrina: implications for clinical practice and disaster man-agement (2008) Am J Med Sci, 336, pp. 99-104; Khan, Y, Albache, N, Almasri, I, Gabbay, RA., The management of diabetes in conflict settings: Focus on the Syrian crisis (2019) Diabetes Spectr, 32, pp. 264-269; Chew, BH, Vos, RC, Metzendorf, MI, Scholten, RJ, Rutten, GE., Psychological interventions for diabetes-related distress in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2017) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 9, p. CD011469; Ceriello, A, Standl, E, Catrinoiu, D, Issues of cardiovascular risk management in people with diabetes in the COVID-19 era (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1427-1432. , Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (D&CVD) EASD Study Group; Bornstein, SR, Rubino, F, Khunti, K, Practical recommendations for the management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 8, pp. 546-550; Wondafrash, DZ, Desalegn, TZ, Yimer, EM, Tsige, AG, Adamu, BA, Zewdie, KA., Potential effect of hydroxychloroquine in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review on preclinical and clinical trial studies (2020) J Diabetes Res, 2020, p. 5214751; Management of diabetes in emergency department during coronavirus pandemic, , https://www.england.nhs.uk/london/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/04/Covid-19-Management-of-diabetes-in-emergency-department-crib-sheet-updated-150420.pdf, NHS London Clinical Networks. Accessed 18 April 2020; Weiqing, W, Zhongyan, S, Guang, W, Expert recommendations for diabetes management in primary care during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Zhong-hua Neifenmi Daixie Zazhi, 36, pp. 185-190. , etal; Linong, J, Guangwei, L, Qiuhong, G, Guidance on diabetes management in elderly during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Chin J Diabetes, 28, pp. 1-6; Linong, J, Jiajun, Z, Zhiguang, Z, Recom-mendation on insulin treatment in diabetes patients affected with COVID-19 (2020) Chin J Diabetes, 28, pp. 1-5; Remuzzi, A, Remuzzi, G., COVID-19 and Italy: what next? (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1225-1228. , https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/04/covid-19-coronavirus-breakdown-of-deaths-and-infections-worldwide, 48. Euronews. Coronavirus statistics: latest numbers on COVID-19 cases and deaths, 2020. Accessed 20 April 2020; Onder, G, Rezza, G, Brusaferro, S., Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1775-1776; Emergenza COVID, 2020, , http://societaitalianadiendocrinologia.it/html/cnt/emergenza-covid.asp, SIE-Società Italiana di Endocrinologia. Accessed 5 April 2020; (2020) One hour with AMD, SID and SIEDP, , http://www.siditalia.it/progetto-un-ora-con-amd-sid-siedp, SID-Società Italiana di Diabetologia. [in Italian], Accessed 5April2020; Nuovo coronavirus in Italia,2020, , http://www.salute.gov.it/nuovocoronavirus, Ministero della Salute. Availablefrom Accessed 20 April 2020; Seidu, S, Davies, MJ, Farooqi, A, Khunti, K., In-tegrated primary care: is this the solution to the diabetes epidemic? (2017) Diabet Med, 34, pp. 748-750; Guidance on shield-ing and protecting people who are clinically extremelyvulnerablefromCOVID-19,2020, , https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/guidance-on-shielding-and-protecting-extremely-vulnerable-persons-from-covid-19/guidance-on-shielding-and-protecting-extremely-vulnerable-persons-from-covid-19, Public Health England. Available from Accessed 15 April 2020; People at higher risk from coronavirus, 2020, , https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/advice-for-people-at-high-risk/, NHS. Accessed 24 April 2020; COVID-19 (Coronavirus) information for health-care professionals, 2020, , https://abcd.care/coronavirus, Association of British Clinical Diabetologists. Accessed 24 April 2020; Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on the pharmaceutical market, , https://www.iqvia.com/-/media/iqvia/pdfs/files/iqvia-covid-19-market-tracking-us.pdf?_51587334105503, IQVIA. Accessed 19 April 2020; Mokdad, AH, Mensah, GA, Posner, SF, Reed, E, Simoes, EJ, Engelgau, MM, When chronic conditions become acute: prevention and control of chronic diseases and adverse health outcomes during natural disasters (2005) Prev Chronic Dis, 2, p. A04. , Chronic Diseases and Vulnerable Populations in Natural Disasters Working Group; Zemedikun, DT, Gray, LJ, Khunti, K, Davies, MJ, Dhalwani, NN., Patterns of multimorbidity in middle-aged and older adults: An analysis of the UK biobank data (2018) Mayo Clin Proc, 93, pp. 857-866; COVID-19 and mitigating impact on health inequalities, , https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/news/covid-19-and-mitigating-impact-health-inequalities, Royal College of Physicians. Accessed 18 April 2020; Hartmann-Boyce, J, Morris, E, Goyder, C, Diabetes and risks from COVID-19, , https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/diabetes-and-risks-from-covid-19/, Accessed 18 April2020; Hartmann-Boyce, J, Morris, E, Goyder, C, Managing diabetes during the COVID-19 pan-demic, , https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/managing-diabetes-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/, Accessed 18 April 2020; Chen, Y, Gong, X, Wang, L, Guo, J., Effects of hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease on COVID-19 diseases severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis, , 30 March 2020 [pre-print]. medRxiv; Fadini, GP, Morieri, ML, Longato, E, Avogaro, A., Prevalence and impact of diabetes among people infected with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J Endocrinol Invest, 43, pp. 867-869; Wu, Z, McGoogan, JM., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020;323:1239–1242 66. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study Lancet 2020;395:1054–1062; Guan, WJ, Liang, WH, Zhao, Y, Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis (2020) Eur Respir J, 55, p. 2000547. , China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19. ;: Respir J 2020;55:2000547; Clinical guide for the management of people with diabetes during the coronovirus pandemic, , https://www.england.nhs.uk/coronavirus/wp-content/uploads/sites/52/2020/03/speciality-guide-diabetes-19-march-v2-updated.pdf, NHS;Royal CollegeofPhysicians;Association of British Clinical Diabetologists. (19 March 2020, Ver-sion 2). Accessed 18 April 2020; Outpatient appointment prioritisation for specialist diabetes departments during the coronavirus pandemic, , https://www.england.nhs.uk/london/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/04/4.-Covid-19-Diabetes-Outpatient-Appointment-Prioritisation-Crib-Sheet-27032020.pdf, NHS London Clinical Networks. Accessed 18 April 2020; Clinical strat-egy forservice managementof diabeticfootunits during the COVID-19 pandemic, , https://www.england.nhs.uk/london/wp-content/uploads/sites/8/2020/04/5.-Covid-19-Clinical-Strategy-for-MDFTs-Crib-Sheet-02042020.pdf, NHS London Clinical Networks. Accessed 18 April 2020; Leese, GP, Stratton, IM, Land, M, Progression of diabetes retinal status within community screening programs and potential implications for screening intervals (2015) Diabetes Care, 38, pp. 488-494. , Four Nations Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Study Group PY - 2020 SN - 01495992 (ISSN) SP - 1695-1703 ST - Diabetes and COVID-19: Risks, management, and learnings from other national disasters T2 - Diabetes Care TI - Diabetes and COVID-19: Risks, management, and learnings from other national disasters UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088238863&doi=10.2337%2fdc20-1192&partnerID=40&md5=fc1bc227d51bc72caf0fd6cb4e2abe27 VL - 43 ID - 426 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has made deployment of an effective vaccine a global health priority. We evaluated the protective activity of a chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored vaccine encoding a prefusion stabilized spike protein (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) in challenge studies with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Intramuscular dosing of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces robust systemic humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and protects against lung infection, inflammation, and pathology but does not confer sterilizing immunity, as evidenced by detection of viral RNA and induction of anti-nucleoprotein antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. In contrast, a single intranasal dose of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies, promotes systemic and mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and T cell responses, and almost entirely prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Intranasal administration of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S is a candidate for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission and curtailing pandemic spread. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Intranasal or intramuscular immunization of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2, a chimpanzee adenoviral vaccine encoding stabilized spike protein, prevents SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and pneumonia in mice. In particular, intranasally delivered ChAd-SARS-CoV-2 uniquely prevents both upper and lower respiratory tract infections, potentially protecting against SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology & Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States AU - Hassan, A. O. AU - Kafai, N. M. AU - Dmitriev, I. P. AU - Fox, J. M. AU - Smith, B. K. AU - Harvey, I. B. AU - Chen, R. E. AU - Winkler, E. S. AU - Wessel, A. W. AU - Case, J. B. AU - Kashentseva, E. AU - McCune, B. T. AU - Bailey, A. L. AU - Zhao, H. AU - VanBlargan, L. A. AU - Dai, Y. N. AU - Ma, M. AU - Adams, L. J. AU - Shrihari, S. AU - Danis, J. E. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Hou, Y. J. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Kim, A. S. AU - Keeler, S. P. AU - Weiskopf, D. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Holtzman, M. J. AU - Fremont, D. H. AU - Curiel, D. T. AU - Diamond, M. S. C2 - 32931734 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.026 IS - 1 J2 - Cell KW - antibody COVID-19 IgA intranasal mucosal immunity pathogenesis protection SARS-CoV-2 T cells vaccine adenovirus vector angiotensin converting enzyme 2 immunoglobulin A neutralizing antibody SARS-CoV-2 vaccine virus nucleoprotein virus RNA virus spike protein coronavirus spike glycoprotein COVID-19 vaccine spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV virus antibody virus vaccine animal experiment animal model animal tissue antiviral activity Article cellular immunity chimpanzee controlled study female human human cell humoral immunity mouse nonhuman pneumonia priority journal protein expression RNA analysis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 single drug dose viral lower respiratory tract infection viral respiratory tract infection viral upper respiratory tract infection virus transmission Adenoviridae animal Bagg albino mouse blood Chlorocebus aethiops Coronavirus infection genetics HEK293 cell line immunology intramuscular drug administration intranasal drug administration pandemic pathology respiratory mucosa vaccine immunogenicity Vero cell line virology virus pneumonia Administration, Intranasal Animals Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Coronavirus Infections HEK293 Cells Humans Immunogenicity, Vaccine Injections, Intramuscular Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Vero Cells Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :44 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CELLB Correspondence Address: Curiel, D.T.; Department of Radiation Oncology, United States; email: dcuriel@wustl.edu Correspondence Address: Diamond, M.S.; Department of Medicine, United States; email: diamond@wusm.wustl.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19 vaccine; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV; Viral Vaccines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 75N9301900065, 75N93019C00062, HHSN272201400018C, R01 AI127828, R01 AI130591, R01 AI149644, R35 HL145242 Funding details: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, F32 AI138392, HR001117S0019, T32 AI007163 Funding details: Eli Lilly and Company Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding details: Helen Hay Whitney Foundation, HHWF Funding details: Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., TPUSA Funding text 1: This study was supported by NIH contracts and grants (75N93019C00062, 75N9301900065, R01 AI127828, R01 AI130591, R01 AI149644, and R35 HL145242), Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases (HHSN272201400018C, and HHSN272201200026C), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (HR001117S0019). B.T.M. is supported by F32 AI138392, E.S.W. is supported by T32 AI007163, and J.B.C. is supported by a Helen Hay Whitney Foundation postdoctoral fellowship. We thank Sean Whelan, Susan Cook, and Jennifer Philips for facilitating studies with SARS-CoV-2; James Earnest for performing cell culture; and the Pulmonary Morphology Core at Washington University School of Medicine for tissue sectioning. Some figures were created with BioRender software. A.O.H. designed experiments and performed intranasal inoculations of adenovirus. I.P.D. E.K. A.O.H. and D.T.C. designed and generated the ChAd constructs. J.B.C. propagated the SARS-CoV-2 stocks and performed plaque assays. A.L.B. designed the qRT-PCR assays. A.O.H. evaluated cell-mediated immune responses. A.O.H. N.M.K. E.S.W. S.S. B.T.M. R.E.C. L.E.G. and J.M.F. performed clinical analysis, histopathological studies, and viral burden analyses. B.T.M. performed in situ hybridization. A.S. and Y.J.H. designed and performed experiments with recombinant strains of SARS-CoV-2. A.S.K. performed flow cytometry analysis experiments. S.P.K. and M.J.H. analyzed the tissue sections for histopathology. A.W.W. performed the ChAd-immune serum neutralization assays. D.W. generated the T cell peptide pools. L.A.V.B. provided SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies. H.Z. Y.-N.D. M.M. L.J.A. and D.H.F. designed and produced the recombinant S, RBD, and N proteins. I.B.H. J.E.D. and B.K.S. performed ELISAs, and J.B.C. and R.E.C. performed neutralization assays. R.S.B. designed experiments and secured funding. A.O.H. and M.S.D. wrote the initial draft, with the other authors providing editorial comments. M.S.D. is a consultant for Inbios, Vir Biotechnology, and NGM Biopharmaceuticals and on the Scientific Advisory Board of Moderna. The Diamond laboratory has received unrelated funding support from Moderna, Vir Biotechnology, and Emergent BioSolutions. M.S.D. D.T.C. A.O.H. and I.P.D. have filed a disclosure with Washington University for possible development of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2. M.J.H. is a member of the DSMB for AstraZeneca and founder of NuPeak Therapeutics. The Baric laboratory has received unrelated funding support from Takeda, Pfizer, and Eli Lilly. Funding text 2: M.S.D. is a consultant for Inbios, Vir Biotechnology, and NGM Biopharmaceuticals and on the Scientific Advisory Board of Moderna. The Diamond laboratory has received unrelated funding support from Moderna, Vir Biotechnology, and Emergent BioSolutions. M.S.D., D.T.C., A.O.H., and I.P.D. have filed a disclosure with Washington University for possible development of ChAd-SARS-CoV-2. M.J.H. is a member of the DSMB for AstraZeneca and founder of NuPeak Therapeutics. The Baric laboratory has received unrelated funding support from Takeda, Pfizer, and Eli Lilly. Funding text 3: This study was supported by NIH contracts and grants ( 75N93019C00062 , 75N9301900065 , R01 AI127828 , R01 AI130591 , R01 AI149644 , and R35 HL145242 ), Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases ( HHSN272201400018C , and HHSN272201200026C ), and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( HR001117S0019 ). B.T.M. is supported by F32 AI138392 , E.S.W. is supported by T32 AI007163 , and J.B.C. is supported by a Helen Hay Whitney Foundation postdoctoral fellowship. We thank Sean Whelan, Susan Cook, and Jennifer Philips for facilitating studies with SARS-CoV-2; James Earnest for performing cell culture; and the Pulmonary Morphology Core at Washington University School of Medicine for tissue sectioning. Some figures were created with BioRender software. References: Abbink, P., Larocca, R.A., De La Barrera, R.A., Bricault, C.A., Moseley, E.T., Boyd, M., Kirilova, M., Nanayakkara, O., Protective efficacy of multiple vaccine platforms against Zika virus challenge in rhesus monkeys (2016) Science, 353, pp. 1129-1132; Alharbi, N.K., Qasim, I., Almasoud, A., Aljami, H.A., Alenazi, M.W., Alhafufi, A., Aldibasi, O.S., Albrahim, R., Humoral immunogenicity and efficacy of a single dose of ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine candidate in dromedary camels (2019) Sci. Rep., 9, p. 16292; Alsoussi, W.B., Turner, J.S., Case, J.B., Zhao, H., Schmitz, A.J., Zhou, J.Q., Chen, R.E., McIntire, K.M., A potently neutralizing antibody protects mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) J. Immunol., 205, pp. 915-922; Amanat, F., Krammer, F., SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: status report (2020) Immunity, 52, pp. 583-589; Bolles, M., Deming, D., Long, K., Agnihothram, S., Whitmore, A., Ferris, M., Funkhouser, W., Baric, R.S., A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge (2011) J. Virol., 85, pp. 12201-12215; Burton, D.R., Walker, L.M., Rational vaccine design in the time of COVID-19 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 695-698; Calzas, C., Chevalier, C., Innovative mucosal vaccine formulations against influenza A virus infections (2019) Front. Immunol., 10, p. 1605; Cao, Y., Su, B., Guo, X., Sun, W., Deng, Y., Bao, L., Zhu, Q., Geng, C., Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients’ B cells (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 73-84.e16; Case, J.B., Rothlauf, P.W., Chen, R.E., Liu, Z., Zhao, H., Kim, A.S., Bloyet, L.M., Droit, L., Neutralizing antibody and soluble ACE2 inhibition of a replication-competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, , Published July 3, 2020; Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A.J., McMahan, K., Mercado, N.B., Peter, L., Tostanoski, L.H., Nekorchuk, M., SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 812-817; Cheung, E.W., Zachariah, P., Gorelik, M., Boneparth, A., Kernie, S.G., Orange, J.S., Milner, J.D., Multisystem inflammatory syndrome related to COVID-19 in previously healthy children and adolescents in New York City (2020) JAMA, , Published online June 8, 2020; Corbett, K.S., Flynn, B., Foulds, K.E., Francica, J.R., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Werner, A.P., Flach, B., Minai, M., Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., , Published online July 28, 2020; Davis, C.W., Jackson, K.J.L., McElroy, A.K., Halfmann, P., Huang, J., Chennareddy, C., Piper, A.E., Crozier, I., Longitudinal Analysis of the Human B Cell Response to Ebola Virus Infection (2019) Cell, 177, pp. 1566-1582; de Alwis, R., Chen, S., Gan, E.S., Ooi, E.E., Impact of immune enhancement on Covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin therapy and vaccine development (2020) EBioMedicine, 55, p. 102768; de Wit, E., van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Munster, V.J., SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 14, pp. 523-534; Diamond, M.S., Pierson, T.C., The challenges of vaccine development against a new virus during a pandemic (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 699-703; Dicks, M.D., Spencer, A.J., Edwards, N.J., Wadell, G., Bojang, K., Gilbert, S.C., Hill, A.V., Cottingham, M.G., A novel chimpanzee adenovirus vector with low human seroprevalence: improved systems for vector derivation and comparative immunogenicity (2012) PLoS ONE, 7, p. e40385; Douglas, A.D., de Cassan, S.C., Dicks, M.D., Gilbert, S.C., Hill, A.V., Draper, S.J., Tailoring subunit vaccine immunogenicity: maximizing antibody and T cell responses by using combinations of adenovirus, poxvirus and protein-adjuvant vaccines against Plasmodium falciparum MSP1 (2010) Vaccine, 28, pp. 7167-7178; Dutta, A., Huang, C.T., Lin, C.Y., Chen, T.C., Lin, Y.C., Chang, C.S., He, Y.C., Sterilizing immunity to influenza virus infection requires local antigen-specific T cell response in the lungs (2016) Sci. Rep., 6, p. 32973; Folegatti, P.M., Bittaye, M., Flaxman, A., Lopez, F.R., Bellamy, D., Kupke, A., Mair, C., Rohde, C., Safety and immunogenicity of a candidate Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus viral-vectored vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, uncontrolled, phase 1 trial (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis., 20, pp. 816-826; Folegatti, P.M., Ewer, K.J., Aley, P.K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Clutterbuck, E.A., Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 467-478; Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Wang, L., Xu, K., Yang, M., Li, Y., Lv, Z., Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 369, pp. 77-81; Graham, B.S., Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development (2020) Science, 368, pp. 945-946; Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S.I., Mateus, J., Dan, J.M., Moderbacher, C.R., Rawlings, S.A., Jadi, R.S., Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1489-1501.e15; Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.H., Ou, C.Q., He, J.X., Liu, L., Hui, D.S.C., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1708-1720; Hashem, A.M., Algaissi, A., Agrawal, A.S., Al-Amri, S.S., Alhabbab, R.Y., Sohrab, S.S., Almasoud, A.S., Russell, M., A highly immunogenic, protective, and safe adenovirus-based vaccine expressing Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus S1-CD40L fusion protein in a transgenic human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 mouse model (2019) J. Infect. Dis., 220, pp. 1558-1567; Hassan, A.O., Dmitriev, I.P., Kashentseva, E.A., Zhao, H., Brough, D.E., Fremont, D.H., Curiel, D.T., Diamond, M.S., A gorilla adenovirus-based vaccine against Zika virus induces durable immunity and confers protection in pregnancy (2019) Cell Rep., 28, pp. 2634-2646.e4; Hassan, A.O., Case, J.B., Winkler, E.S., Thackray, L.B., Kafai, N.M., Bailey, A.L., McCune, B.T., Alsoussi, W.B., A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 744-753.e4; He, T.C., Zhou, S., da Costa, L.T., Yu, J., Kinzler, K.W., Vogelstein, B., A simplified system for generating recombinant adenoviruses (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95, pp. 2509-2514; Hillen, W., Berens, C., Mechanisms underlying expression of Tn10 encoded tetracycline resistance (1994) Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 48, pp. 345-369; Hodgson, S.H., Ewer, K.J., Bliss, C.M., Edwards, N.J., Rampling, T., Anagnostou, N.A., de Barra, E., Poulton, I.D., Evaluation of the efficacy of ChAd63-MVA vectored vaccines expressing circumsporozoite protein and ME-TRAP against controlled human malaria infection in malaria-naive individuals (2015) J. Infect. Dis., 211, pp. 1076-1086; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T.S., Nitsche, A., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280.e8; Kobinger, G.P., Figueredo, J.M., Rowe, T., Zhi, Y., Gao, G., Sanmiguel, J.C., Bell, P., Flieder, D.B., Adenovirus-based vaccine prevents pneumonia in ferrets challenged with the SARS coronavirus and stimulates robust immune responses in macaques (2007) Vaccine, 25, pp. 5220-5231; Korber, B., Fischer, W.M., Gnanakaran, S., Yoon, H., Theiler, J., Abfalterer, W., Hengartner, N., Foley, B., Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike: evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 virus (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 812-827.e19; Laurie, K.L., Carolan, L.A., Middleton, D., Lowther, S., Kelso, A., Barr, I.G., Multiple infections with seasonal influenza A virus induce cross-protective immunity against A(H1N1) pandemic influenza virus in a ferret model (2010) J. Infect. Dis., 202, pp. 1011-1020; Letko, M., Marzi, A., Munster, V., Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses (2020) Nat. Microbiol., 5, pp. 562-569; Liu, L., Wei, Q., Lin, Q., Fang, J., Wang, H., Kwok, H., Tang, H., Tan, Z., Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection (2019) JCI Insight, 4, p. e123158; López-Camacho, C., Abbink, P., Larocca, R.A., Dejnirattisai, W., Boyd, M., Badamchi-Zadeh, A., Wallace, Z.R., Neto, R.D.L., Rational Zika vaccine design via the modulation of antigen membrane anchors in chimpanzee adenoviral vectors (2018) Nat. Commun., 9, p. 2441; Maizel, J.V., Jr., White, D.O., Scharff, M.D., The polypeptides of adenovirus. I. Evidence for multiple protein components in the virion and a comparison of types 2, 7A, and 12 (1968) Virology, 36, pp. 115-125; Mao, R., Qiu, Y., He, J.-S., Tan, J.-Y., Li, X.-H., Liang, J., Shen, J., Iacucci, M., Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 5, pp. 667-678; McCray, P.B., Jr., Pewe, L., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Hickey, M., Manzel, L., Shi, L., Netland, J., Sigmund, C.D., Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 813-821; Munster, V.J., Wells, D., Lambe, T., Wright, D., Fischer, R.J., Bushmaker, T., Saturday, G., Warimwe, G.M., Protective efficacy of a novel simian adenovirus vaccine against lethal MERS-CoV challenge in a transgenic human DPP4 mouse model (2017) NPJ Vaccines, 2, p. 28; Munster, V.J., Feldmann, F., Williamson, B.N., van Doremalen, N., Pérez-Pérez, L., Schulz, J., Meade-White, K., Brumbaugh, B., Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, , Published online May 12, 2020; Neutra, M.R., Kozlowski, P.A., Mucosal vaccines: the promise and the challenge (2006) Nat. Rev. Immunol., 6, pp. 148-158; Ni, L., Ye, F., Cheng, M.L., Feng, Y., Deng, Y.Q., Zhao, H., Wei, P., Li, X., Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19 convalescent individuals (2020) Immunity, 52, pp. 971-977.e3; Pallesen, J., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Wrapp, D., Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Turner, H.L., Cottrell, C.A., Shi, W., Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, pp. E7348-E7357; Penaloza-MacMaster, P., Provine, N.M., Ra, J., Borducchi, E.N., McNally, A., Simmons, N.L., Iampietro, M.J., Barouch, D.H., Alternative serotype adenovirus vaccine vectors elicit memory T cells with enhanced anamnestic capacity compared to Ad5 vectors (2013) J. Virol., 87, pp. 1373-1384; Pinto, D., Park, Y.J., Beltramello, M., Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Bianchi, S., Jaconi, S., De Marco, A., Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 290-295; Rathnasinghe, R., Strohmeier, S., Amanat, F., Gillespie, V.L., Krammer, F., García-Sastre, A., Coughlan, L., Uccellini, M., Comparison of transgenic and adenovirus hACE2 mouse models for SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) bioRxiv; Reyes-Sandoval, A., Berthoud, T., Alder, N., Siani, L., Gilbert, S.C., Nicosia, A., Colloca, S., Hill, A.V., Prime-boost immunization with adenoviral and modified vaccinia virus Ankara vectors enhances the durability and polyfunctionality of protective malaria CD8+ T-cell responses (2010) Infect. Immun., 78, pp. 145-153; Roy, S., Medina-Jaszek, A., Wilson, M.J., Sandhu, A., Calcedo, R., Lin, J., Wilson, J.M., Creation of a panel of vectors based on ape adenovirus isolates (2011) J. Gene Med., 13, pp. 17-25; Sabo, M.C., Luca, V.C., Prentoe, J., Hopcraft, S.E., Blight, K.J., Yi, M., Lemon, S.M., Evans, M.J., Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus E2 protein bind discontinuous epitopes and inhibit infection at a postattachment step (2011) J. Virol., 85, pp. 7005-7019; Sheehan, K.C., Lai, K.S., Dunn, G.P., Bruce, A.T., Diamond, M.S., Heutel, J.D., Dungo-Arthur, C., Schreiber, R.D., Blocking monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse IFN-alpha/beta receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR-1) from mice immunized by in vivo hydrodynamic transfection (2006) J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 26, pp. 804-819; Slifka, M.K., Amanna, I., How advances in immunology provide insight into improving vaccine efficacy (2014) Vaccine, 32, pp. 2948-2957; Takamura, S., Persistence in temporary lung niches: a survival strategy of lung-resident memory CD8+ T cells (2017) Viral Immunol., 30, pp. 438-450; van Doremalen, N., Lambe, T., Spencer, A., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Purushotham, J.N., Port, J.R., Avanzato, V.A., Ulaszewska, M., ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques (2020) Nature, 30; Weingartl, H., Czub, M., Czub, S., Neufeld, J., Marszal, P., Gren, J., Smith, G., Deschambault, Y., Immunization with modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based recombinant vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with enhanced hepatitis in ferrets (2004) J. Virol., 78, pp. 12672-12676; Wichmann, D., Sperhake, J.-P., Lütgehetmann, M., Steurer, S., Edler, C., Heinemann, A., Heinrich, F., Schröder, A.S., Autopsy findings and venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study (2020) Ann. Intern. Med., , Published online May 6, 2020; Winkler, E.S., Bailey, A.L., Kafai, N.M., Nair, S., McCune, B.T., Yu, J., Fox, J.M., Keeler, S.P., SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs of human ACE2 transgenic mice causes severe inflammation, immune cell infiltration, and compromised respiratory function (2020) bioRxiv; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Graham, B.S., McLellan, J.S., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Yu, J., Tostanoski, L.H., Peter, L., Mercado, N.B., McMahan, K., Mahrokhian, S.H., Nkolola, J.P., Chandrashekar, A., DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 806-811; Yuan, M., Wu, N.C., Zhu, X., Lee, C.D., So, R.T.Y., Lv, H., Mok, C.K.P., Wilson, I.A., A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV (2020) Science, 368, pp. 630-633; Yusuf, H., Kett, V., Current prospects and future challenges for nasal vaccine delivery (2017) Hum. Vaccin. Immunother., 13, pp. 34-45; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Gu, X., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.R., Huang, C.L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Zhu, F.C., Li, Y.H., Guan, X.H., Hou, L.H., Wang, W.J., Li, J.X., Wu, S.P., Wang, L., Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1845-1854; Zost, S.J., Gilchuk, P., Chen, R.E., Case, J.B., Reidy, J.X., Trivette, A., Nargi, R.S., Chen, E.C., Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (2020) Nat. Med., , Published online July 10, 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 00928674 (ISSN) SP - 169-184.e13 ST - A Single-Dose Intranasal ChAd Vaccine Protects Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts against SARS-CoV-2 T2 - Cell TI - A Single-Dose Intranasal ChAd Vaccine Protects Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts against SARS-CoV-2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090827867&doi=10.1016%2fj.cell.2020.08.026&partnerID=40&md5=d34a4aae014de336214eecd7fcf309cf VL - 183 ID - 345 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada York University, Toronto, Canada AU - Havice, E. AU - Marschke, M. AU - Vandergeest, P. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s10460-020-10117-6 IS - 3 J2 - Agric. Hum. Values LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Vandergeest, P.; York UniversityCanada; email: pvander@yorku.ca References: (2020) Ecuadorian Seiner’s Newar Entire Crew Infected with COVID-19, , 27 May 2020; (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Crew Challenges, , https://www.bimco.org/ships-ports-and-voyage-planning/crew-support/health-and-medical-support/novel-coronavirus---crew-challenges, Accessed 29 May; Campling, L., Havice, E., The global environmental politics and political economy of seafood systems (2018) Global Environmental Politics, 18, pp. 72-92; Campling, L., Havice, E., McCoy, M., COVID-19 pandemic reaches all corners of the tuna industry (2020) Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency Trade and Industry News, 13 (2), pp. 1-15; (2018) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018—Meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO, , Rome, FAO; Heidler, S., (2020) Thailand Lockdown: Jobless and Trapped Migrant Workers in Limbo (Video), , https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/thailand-lockdown-jobless-trapped-migrant-workers-limbo-200522064857801.html, Al Jazeera, 22 May, Accessed 29 May 2020; (2020) COVID-19 Information for Seafarers, , https://www.itfseafarers.org/en/embed/covid-19-country-information-seafarers, Accessed 29 May 2020; Sapincherry, R.D., (2020) Thai Union Plant is Source of Coronavirus Outbreak that Sickened over 500, , officials say. IntraFish, May 12; Vandergeest, P., Marschke, M., Modern slavery and freedom: Exploring contradictions through labour scandals in the Thai fisheries (2020) Antipode, 52 (1), pp. 291-315 PY - 2020 SN - 0889048X (ISSN) SP - 655-656 ST - Industrial seafood systems in the immobilizing COVID-19 moment T2 - Agriculture and Human Values TI - Industrial seafood systems in the immobilizing COVID-19 moment UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086151021&doi=10.1007%2fs10460-020-10117-6&partnerID=40&md5=377ecd208fe672ee13a146e8fc9902f0 VL - 37 ID - 404 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a critical program that helps reduce the risk of food insecurity, yet little is known about how SNAP addresses the needs of rural, food-insecure residents in the United States (U.S.). This study examines how rural, food-insecure residents perceive SNAP. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 153 individuals living in six diverse rural regions of Arkansas, Montana, North Carolina, Oregon, Texas, and West Virginia. SNAP was described as a crucial stop-gap program, keeping families from experiencing persistent food insecurity, making food dollars stretch when the family budget is tight, and helping them purchase healthier foods. For many rural residents interviewed, SNAP was viewed in a largely positive light. In efforts to continue improving SNAP, particularly in light of its relevance during and post-coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, policymakers must be aware of rural families’ perceptions of SNAP. Specific improvements may include increased transparency regarding funding formulas, budgeting and nutrition education for recipients, effective training to improve customer service, connections among social service agencies within a community, and increased availability of automation to streamline application processes. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AD - Department of Agricultural & Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27659, United States Division of Health & Exercise Science, Western Oregon University, Monmouth, OR 97361, United States Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little RockAR 72205, United States Food and Health Lab, Department of Health & Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59718, United States Department of Health Policy, Management, and Leadership, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV 26505, United States Department of Global Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States Department of Public Health, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, Greenville, NC 27834, United States AU - Haynes-Maslow, L. AU - Hardison-Moody, A. AU - Patton-Lopez, M. AU - Prewitt, T. E. AU - Shanks, C. B. AU - Andress, L. AU - Osborne, I. AU - Pitts, S. J. C2 - 32887328 C7 - 6390 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/ijerph17176390 IS - 17 J2 - Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health KW - Food access Food insecurity Rural SNAP COVID-19 food policy food supply nutritional status perception policy making qualitative analysis rural population adult Arkansas Article budget coronavirus disease 2019 female food assistance funding healthy diet human male Montana North Carolina nutrition education nutritional value Oregon qualitative research safety net health care social work staff training Texas West Virginia catering service Coronavirus infection pandemic poverty virus pneumonia United States Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Haynes-Maslow, L.; Department of Agricultural & Human Sciences, United States; email: lhaynes-maslow@ncsu.edu References: Definitions of Food Security, , https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/definitions-of-food-security.aspx, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. (accessed on 3 October 2018); Ramdurai, V., Sharf, B.J., Sharkey, J.R., Rural food insecurity in the United States as an overlooked site of struggle (2012) Health Commun, 27, pp. 794-805. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Trudeau, F., Shephard, R.J., Relationships of physical activity to brain health and the academic performance of school children (2010) Am. J. Lifestyle Med, 4, pp. 138-150. , [CrossRef]; Taras, H., Potts-Datema, W., Obesity and student performance at school (2005) J. Sch. Health, 75, pp. 291-295. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Berkowitz, S.A., Karter, A.J., Corbie-Smith, G., Seligman, H.K., Ackroyd, S.A., Barnard, L.S., Atlas, S.J., Wexler, D.J., Food insecurity, food “deserts,” and glycemic control in patients with diabetes: A longitudinal analysis (2018) Diabetes Care, 41, pp. 1188-1195. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Household Food Security in the United States in 2018, , https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=94848, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (accessed on 15 May 2019); Thomas, B.J., Food deserts and the sociology of space: Distance to food retailers and food insecurity in an urban American neighborhood (2010) Int. J. Hum. Soc. Sci, 5, pp. 400-409; Kendall, A., Olson, C.M., Frongillo, E.A., Relationship of hunger and food insecurity to food availability and consumption (1996) J. Am. Diet. Assoc, 96, pp. 1019-1024. , [CrossRef]; Ma, X., Liese, A.D., Bell, B.A., Martini, L., Hibbert, J., Draper, C., Burke, M.P., Jones, S.J., Perceived and geographic food access and food security status among households with children (2016) Public Health Nutr, 19, pp. 2781-2788. , [CrossRef]; Alam, G.M., Alam, K., Mushtaq, S., Sarker, M.N.I., Hossain, M., Hazards, food insecurity and human displacement in rural riverine Bangladesh: Implications for policy (2020) Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduct, 43, p. 101364. , [CrossRef]; De Haen, H., Hemrich, G., The economics of natural disasters: Implications and challenges for food security (2007) Agric. Econ, 37, pp. 31-45. , [CrossRef]; Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, , http://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (accessed on 5 February 2020); Mabli, J., Worthington, J., Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation and child food security (2014) Pediatrics, 133, pp. 1-10. , [CrossRef]; Ratcliffe, C., McKernan, S., Zhang, S., How much does the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program reduce food insecurity? (2011) Am. J. Agric. Econ, 93, pp. 1082-1098. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Nord, M., How much does the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program alleviate food insecurity? Evidence from recent programme leavers (2012) Public Health Nutr, 15, pp. 811-817. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Gregory, C.A., Deb, P., Does SNAP improve your health? (2015) Food Policy, 50, pp. 11-19. , [CrossRef]; Fox, M.K., Hamilton, W., Lin, B., (2004) Effects of Food Assistance and Nutrition Programs on Nutrition and Health, , U.S. Department of Agriculture: Washington, DC, USA; Gregory, C.A., Ver Ploeg, M., Andrews, M., Coleman-Jensen, A., (2013) Supplemental Assistance Program (SNAP) Participation Leads to Modest Changes in Diet Quality, , Economic Research Report 147; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service: Washington, DC, USA; Andreyeva, T., Tripp, A.S., Schwartz, M.B., Dietary quality of Americans by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program participation status: A systematic review (2015) Am. J. Prev. Med, 49, pp. 594-604. , [CrossRef]; What Can SNAP Buy?, , https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/eligible-food-items, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). (accessed on 24 August 2020); (2015) Introduction to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), , http://www.cbpp.org/research/policy-basics-introduction-to-the-supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap?fa=view&id=2226, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities Policy Basics. (accessed on 5 January 2020); Haynes-Maslow, L., Auvergn, L.A., Mark, B.A., Ammerman, A., Weiner, B.J., Low-income individuals’ perceptions about fruit and vegetable access programs: A qualitative study (2015) J. Nutr. Educ. Behav, 47, pp. 317-324. , [CrossRef]; Mushi-Brunt, C.D., Haire-Joshu, E.M., Food spending behaviors and perceptions are associated with fruit and vegetable intake among parents and their preadolescent children (2007) J. Nutr. Educ. Behav, 39, pp. 26-30. , [CrossRef]; Andress, L., Fitch, C., Juggling the five dimensions of food access: Perceptions of rural low income residents (2016) Appetite, 105, pp. 151-155. , [CrossRef]; Bostrom, M., Perceptions & Misperceptions: An Analysis of Qualitative Research Exploring Views of Rural America, , https://www.frameworksinstitute.org/assets/files/PDF_Rural/rural_focus_groups_1.pdf, (accessed on 20 May 2020); Bailey, J.M., (2014) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Rural Households, , www.ruralhealthweb.org/NRHA/media/Emerge_NRHA/PDFs/snap-andrural-households.Pdf, (accessed on 13 February 2020); Rural Food Access Working Group, , https://nopren.org/working_groups/rural-food-access/, Nutrition and Obesity Policy Research and Evaluation Network (NOPREN). (accessed on 17 March 2020); Rural Urban Community Area Codes, , https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-commuting-area-codes/, Economic Research Service, US Dept of Agriculture. (accessed on 1 January 2019); Hager, E.R., Quigg, A.M., Black, M.M., Coleman, S.M., Heeren, T., Rose-Jacobs, R., Cook, J.T., Chilton, M., Development and validity of a 2-item screen to identify families at risk for food insecurity (2010) Pediatrics, 126, pp. e26-e32. , [CrossRef]; U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form Economic Research Service, USDA, , https://www.ers.usda.gov/media/8282/short2012.pdf, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (accessed on 5 March 2020); Guest, G., MacQueen, K.M., Namey, E.E., (2012) Applied Thematic Analysis, , Sage Publications: Los Angeles, CA, USA; Redefining Rural America, , https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2019/07/17/471877/redefining-rural-america/, Center for American Progress. (accessed on 12 August 2020); Mulik, K., Haynes-Maslow, L., The affordability of MyPlate: An analysis of SNAP benefits and the actual cost of eating according to the dietary guidelines (2017) J. Nutr. Educ. Behav, 49, pp. 623-631. , [CrossRef]; Rural Poverty and Well-Being, , https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/rural-economy-population/rural-poverty-well-being/#historic, U.S. Department of Agriculture. (accessed on 12 August 2020); Harnack, L., Valluri, S., French, S.A., Importance of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program in rural America (2019) Am. J. Public Health, 109, pp. 1641-1645. , [CrossRef]; Todd, J.E., Revisiting the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program cycle of food intake: Investigating heterogeneity, diet quality, and a large boost in benefit amounts (2015) Appl. Econ. Perspect. Policy, 37, pp. 437-458. , [CrossRef]; Peer and Community Networks Drive Success in Rural School Meal Programs, , https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2017/10/peer-and-community-networks-drive-success-in-rural-school-meal-programs, The Pew Charitable Trusts. (accessed on 12 August 2020); Bergmans, R.S., Berger, L.M., Palta, M., Robert, S.A., Ehrenthal, D.B., Malecki, K., Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and maternal depressive symptoms: Moderation by program perception (2018) Soc. Sci. Med, 197, pp. 1-8. , [CrossRef] [PubMed] PY - 2020 SN - 16617827 (ISSN) SP - 1-15 ST - Examining rural food-insecure families’ perceptions of the supplemental nutrition assistance program: A qualitative study T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Examining rural food-insecure families’ perceptions of the supplemental nutrition assistance program: A qualitative study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090508251&doi=10.3390%2fijerph17176390&partnerID=40&md5=9d72bdf272053a01c9943a562414dcc2 VL - 17 ID - 375 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Hedrick, T. L. AU - Murray, B. P. AU - Hagan, R. S. AU - Mock, J. R. C2 - 32750259 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0277LE IS - 4 J2 - Am. J. Resp. Cell Mol. Biol. KW - interleukin 6 acute respiratory tract disease chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy coronavirus disease 2019 cytokine release syndrome human human experiment Letter normal human protein blood level Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection drug effect metabolism pandemic pathogenicity virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Interleukin-6 Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJRBE Correspondence Address: Mock, J.R.; University of North CarolinaUnited States Chemicals/CAS: Interleukin-6 Funding details: K24AI130263, R01HL089215, R21AI152488 Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, K08HL129075, K08HL143271, R03HL145255 Funding text 1: Supported by U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grants K08HL129075 (J.R.M.), R03HL145255 (J.R.M.), and K08HL143271 (R.S.H.), and the University of North Carolina Department of Medicine Acute Lung Injury Fund (J.R.M.). Funding text 2: Supported by U.S. National Institutes of Health grants R01HL089215 and K24AI130263 (T.S.H.) and R21AI152488 (W.A.A. and T.S.H.). References: Xu, X, Han, M, Li, T, Sun, W, Wang, D, Fu, B, Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 117, pp. 10970-10975; Velazquez-Salinas, L, Verdugo-Rodriguez, A, Rodriguez, LL, Borca, MV., The role of interleukin 6 during viral infections (2019) Front Microbiol, 10, p. 1057; Sinha, P, Matthay, MA, Calfee, CS., Is a "cytokine storm" relevant to COVID-19? JAMA Intern Med, , [online ahead of print] 30 Jun 2020; Maier, B, Laurer, HL, Rose, S, Buurman, WA, Marzi, I., Physiological levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma: A normative study (2005) J Neurotrauma, 22, pp. 822-835; Bauer, TT, Montó, n C, Torres, A, Cabello, H, Fillela, X, Maldonado, A, Comparison of systemic cytokine levels in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, severe pneumonia, and controls (2000) Thorax, 55, pp. 46-52; Zhang, X, Tan, Y, Ling, Y, Lu, G, Liu, F, Yi, Z, Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19 (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 437-440; Hay, KA, Hanafi, L-A, Li, D, Gust, J, Liles, WC, Wurfel, MM, Kinetics and biomarkers of severe cytokine release syndrome after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell therapy (2017) Blood, 130, pp. 2295-2306; Kimmig, LM, Wu, D, Gold, M, Pettit, NN, Pitrak, D, Mueller, J, IL6 inhibition in critically ill COVID-19 patients is associated with increased secondary infections [preprint] (2020), https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.20103531v1.full.pdf, medRxiv; [accessed 2020 Jul 17]; Somers, EC, Eschenauer, GA, Troost, JP, Golob, JL, Gandhi, TN, Wang, L, Tocilizumab for treatment of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 Clin Infect Dis, , [online ahead of print] 11 Jul 2020; Merad, M, Martin, JC., Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: A key role for monocytes and macrophages (2020) Nat Rev Immunol, 20, pp. 355-362 PY - 2020 SN - 10441549 (ISSN) SP - 541-543 ST - COVID-19: Clean up on IL-6 T2 - American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology TI - COVID-19: Clean up on IL-6 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092526428&doi=10.1165%2frcmb.2020-0277LE&partnerID=40&md5=6632e68d95298773221a4f6e22f118cc VL - 63 ID - 338 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, United States Behavior and Technology Lab (BATLab), Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Hightow-Weidman, L. AU - Muessig, K. AU - Claude, K. AU - Roberts, J. AU - Zlotorzynska, M. AU - Sanchez, T. C2 - 32306214 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s10461-020-02870-w IS - 8 J2 - AIDS Behav. KW - adolescent Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection female human Human immunodeficiency virus infection Internet male pandemic technology telemedicine virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections HIV Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AIBEF Correspondence Address: Hightow-Weidman, L.; Behavior and Technology Lab (BATLab), United States; email: lisa_hightow@med.unc.edu References: Hightow-Weidman, L.B., Muessig, K.E., Pike, E.C., LeGrand, S., Baltierra, N., Rucker, A.J., HealthMpowerment.org building community through a mobile-optimized, online health promotion intervention (2015) Health Educ Behav., 42 (4), pp. 493-499. , PID: 25588932; Muessig, K.E., Nekkanti, M., Bauermeister, J., Bull, S., Hightow-Weidman, L.B., A systematic review of recent smartphone, Internet and Web 2.0 interventions to address the HIV continuum of care (2015) Curr HIV/AIDS Rep., 12 (1), pp. 173-190. , PID: 25626718; Mulawa, M.I., LeGrand, S., Hightow-Weidman, L.B., eHealth to enhance treatment adherence among youth living with HIV (2018) Curr HIV/AIDS Rep., 15 (4), pp. 336-349. , PID: 29959649; (2018) Teens, Social Media and Technology, , https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/, Accessed 9 Apr 2020; Hightow-Weidman, L.B., Muessig, K.E., Bauermeister, J., Zhang, C., LeGrand, S., Youth, technology, and HIV: recent advances and future directions (2015) Curr HIV/AIDS Rep., 12 (4), pp. 500-515. , PID: 26385582; Holloway, I.W., Rice, E., Gibbs, J., Winetrobe, H., Dunlap, S., Rhoades, H., Acceptability of smartphone application-based HIV prevention among young men who have sex with men (2014) AIDS Behav., 18 (2), pp. 285-296. , PID: 24292281; Hightow-Weidman, L.B., Muessig, K., Rosenberg, E., Sanchez, T., LeGrand, S., Gravens, L., University of North Carolina/Emory Center for Innovative Technology (iTech) for addressing the HIV epidemic among adolescents and young adults in the United States: protocol and rationale for center development (2018) JMIR Res Protoc., 7 (8). , PID: 30076126; Bauermeister, J.A., Golinkoff, J.M., Horvath, K.J., Hightow-Weidman, L.B., Sullivan, P.S., Stephenson, R., A multilevel tailored web app-based intervention for linking young men who have sex with men to quality care (get connected): protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2018) JMIR Res Protoc., 7 (8). , PID: 30072358; LeGrand, S., Knudtson, K., Benkeser, D., Muessig, K., McGee, A., Sullivan, P.S., Testing the efficacy of a social networking gamification app to improve pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence (P3: prepared, protected, empowered): protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2018) JMIR Res Protoc., 7 (12). , PID: 30563818; Biello, K.B., Marrow, E., Mimiaga, M.J., Sullivan, P., Hightow-Weidman, L., Mayer, K.H., A mobile-based app (mychoices) to increase uptake of HIV testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis by young men who have sex with men: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial (2019) JMIR Res Protoc., 8 (1). , PID: 30617042; Biello, K.B., Psaros, C., Krakower, D.S., Marrow, E., Safren, S.A., Mimiaga, M.J., A pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence intervention (lifesteps) for young men who have sex with men: protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial (2019) JMIR Res Protoc., 8 (1). , PID: 30694206; Gamarel, K.E., Darbes, L.A., Hightow-Weidman, L., Sullivan, P., Stephenson, R., The development and testing of a relationship skills intervention to improve HIV prevention uptake among young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and their primary partners (we prevent): protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2019) JMIR Res Protoc., 8 (1). , PID: 30602433; Liu, A., Coleman, K., Bojan, K., Serrano, P.A., Oyedele, T., Garcia, A., Developing a mobile app (LYNX) to support linkage to HIV/sexually transmitted infection testing and pre-exposure prophylaxis for young men who have sex with men: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2019) JMIR Res Protoc., 8 (1). , PID: 30681964; Siegler, A.J., Brock, J.B., Hurt, C.B., Ahlschlager, L., Dominguez, K., Kelley, C.F., An electronic pre-exposure prophylaxis Initiation and maintenance home care system for Nonurban young men who have sex with men: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2019) JMIR Res Protoc., 8 (6). , PID: 31199326; Teitcher, J.E., Bockting, W.O., Bauermeister, J.A., Hoefer, C.J., Miner, M.H., Klitzman, R.L., Detecting, preventing, and responding to "fraudsters" in internet research: ethics and tradeoffs (2015) J Law Med Eth., 43 (1), pp. 116-133; Ballard, A.M., Cardwell, T., Young, A.M., Fraud detection protocol for web-based research among men who have sex With men: development and descriptive evaluation (2019) JMIR Public Health Surveill., 5 (1). , PID: 30714944; Hightow-Weidman, L.B., Bauermeister, J.A., Engagement in mHealth behavioral interventions for HIV prevention and care: making sense of the metrics (2020) Mhealth, 6, p. 7. , PID: 32190618; Bauermeister, J.A., Golinkoff, J.M., Muessig, K.E., Horvath, K.J., Hightow-Weidman, L.B., Addressing engagement in technology-based behavioural HIV interventions through paradata metrics (2017) Curr Opin HIV AIDS, 12 (5), pp. 442-446. , PID: 28617711; App Onboarding Best Practices 2020 for Better User Engagement 2020, , https://appradar.com/academy/optimize-app-performance/app-onboarding-best-practices-2019-for-better-user-engagement/, Accessed 6 Apr 2020; Cao, B., Gupta, S., Wang, J., Hightow-Weidman, L.B., Muessig, K.E., Tang, W., Social media interventions to promote HIV testing, linkage, adherence, and retention: systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) J Med Internet Res., 19 (11). , PID: 29175811; Tang, W., Wei, C., Cao, B., Wu, D., Li, K.T., Lu, H., Crowdsourcing to expand HIV testing among men who have sex with men in China: a closed cohort stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial (2018) PLoS Med., 15 (8). , PID: 30153265; Stephenson, R., Todd, K., Kahle, E., Sullivan, S.P., Miller-Perusse, M., Sharma, A., Project Moxie: results of a feasibility study of a telehealth intervention to increase HIV testing among binary and nonbinary transgender youth (2019) AIDS Behav. PY - 2020 SN - 10907165 (ISSN) SP - 2239-2243 ST - Maximizing Digital Interventions for Youth in the Midst of Covid-19: Lessons from the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV Interventions T2 - AIDS and Behavior TI - Maximizing Digital Interventions for Youth in the Midst of Covid-19: Lessons from the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV Interventions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083636804&doi=10.1007%2fs10461-020-02870-w&partnerID=40&md5=c8d3612c5cc0aeec76d14d73ffcd683a VL - 24 ID - 438 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread worldwide, with millions of cases and more than 1 million deaths to date. The gravity of the situation mandates accelerated efforts to identify safe and effective vaccines. Here, we generated measles virus (MeV)-based vaccine candidates expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S). Insertion of the full-length S protein gene in two different MeV genomic positions resulted in modulated S protein expression. The variant with lower S protein expression levels was genetically stable and induced high levels of effective Th1- biased antibody and T cell responses in mice after two immunizations. In addition to neutralizing IgG antibody responses in a protective range, multifunctional CD8+and CD4+T cell responses with S protein-specific killing activity were detected. Upon challenge using a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2, virus loads in vaccinated mice were significantly lower, while vaccinated Syrian hamsters revealed protection in a harsh challenge setup using an early-passage human patient isolate. These results are highly encouraging and support further development of MeV-based COVID-19 vaccines. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. AD - Product Testing of Immunological Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, D-63225, Germany German Center for Infection Research, Langen, D-63225, Germany Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, D-63225, Germany Pathogenesis of Respiratory Viruses, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, D-63225, Germany Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Horner, C. AU - Schurmann, C. AU - Auste, A. AU - Ebenig, A. AU - Muraleedharan, S. AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - Scholz, T. AU - Herrmann, M. AU - Schnierle, B. S. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Muhlebach, M. D. C2 - 33257540 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1073/pnas.2014468117 IS - 51 J2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. KW - COVID-19 Effective immunity Measles vaccine platform SARS-CoV-2 Th1 immune bias immunoglobulin G antibody measles vaccine neutralizing antibody peptide vaccine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine coronavirus spike glycoprotein spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody animal experiment animal model animal tissue antibody response Article CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte cellular immunity controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug efficacy humoral immunity immune response immunization mouse nonhuman priority journal protein expression Syrian hamster Th1 cell vaccine immunogenicity virus immunity virus isolation virus load administration and dosage animal epidemiology genetics human immunology Measles virus pandemic prevention and control T lymphocyte virology Animals Antibodies, Viral COVID-19 Vaccines Humans Mice Pandemics Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus T-Lymphocytes Th1 Cells LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PNASA Correspondence Address: Muhlebach, M.D.; Product Testing of Immunological Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use, Germany; email: Michael.Muehlebach@pei.de Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19 Vaccines; Measles Vaccine; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: 19/304 Funding details: Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, DZIF, 01.805, TTU 01.922_00 Funding text 1: This work was supported by the German Center for Infection Research (unit TTU 01.805 and flex-fund TTU 01.922-00) and the German Ministry of Health. We would like to thank Daniela M?ller and Carina Kruip for excellent technical assistance, Bj?rn Becker for assistance in multiplex analysis, Csabas Miskey for assistance with NGS, Christel Kamp for excellent advice on statistics, and Marcel Rommel for cell sorting. We are indebted to Gerhard Dobler for providing SARS-CoV-2 isolate MUC-IMB1, Maria Vehreschild for human patient reconvalescent serum, Kenneth Rock for DC2.4 cells, Roberto Cattaneo for providing the pBR(+)MVvac2 construct, and Urs Schneider for providing the PolII rescue system used to generate and to rescue recombinant MeV vectors. We would further like to thank Bakhos Tannous for providing pCSCW2gluc-IRES-GFP. The research reagent for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (NIBSC 19/304) was obtained from the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, United Kingdom. Moreover, we would like to thank Roberto Cattaneo and Veronika vonMessling for valuable comments on themanuscript. Funding text 2: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. This work was supported by the German Center for Infection Research (unit TTU 01.805 and flex-fund TTU 01.922_00) and the German Ministry of Health. We would like to thank Daniela Müller and Carina Kruip for excellent technical assistance, Björn Becker for assistance in multiplex analysis, Csabas Miskey for assistance with NGS, Christel Kamp for excellent advice on statistics, and Marcel Rommel for cell sorting. We are indebted to Gerhard Dobler for providing SARS-CoV-2 isolate MUC-IMB1, Maria Vehreschild for human patient reconvalescent serum, Kenneth Rock for DC2.4 cells, Roberto Cattaneo for providing the pBR(+)MVvac2 construct, and Urs Schneider for providing the PolII rescue system used to generate and to rescue recombinant MeV vectors. We would further like to thank Bakhos Tannous for providing pCSCW2gluc-IRES-GFP. The research reagent for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (NIBSC 19/304) was obtained from the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, United Kingdom. Moreover, we would like to thank Roberto Cattaneo and Veronika von Messling for valuable comments on the manuscript. References: Wu, F., A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269; Li, Q., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirusinfected pneumonia (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 1199-1207; Li, R., Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (2020) Science, 368, pp. 489-493; Mühlebach, M. D., Vaccine platform recombinant measles virus (2017) Virus Genes, 53, pp. 733-740; Escriou, N., Protection from SARS coronavirus conferred by live measles vaccine expressing the spike glycoprotein (2014) Virology, 452-453, pp. 32-41; Liniger, M., Induction of neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses against SARS coronavirus by recombinant measles viruses (2008) Vaccine, 26, pp. 2164-2174; Malczyk, A. H., A highly immunogenic and protective Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a recombinant measles virus vaccine platform (2015) J. Virol, 89, pp. 11654-11667; Bodmer, B. S., Fiedler, A. H., Hanauer, J. R. H., Prüfer, S., Mühlebach, M. D., Liveattenuated bivalent measles virus-derived vaccines targeting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus induce robust and multifunctional T cell responses against both viruses in an appropriate mouse model (2018) Virology, 521, pp. 99-107; Heidmeier, S., A single amino acid substitution in the measles virus F2 protein reciprocally modulates membrane fusion activity in pathogenic and oncolytic strains (2014) Virus Res, 180, pp. 43-48; Mrkic, B., Measles virus spread and pathogenesis in genetically modified mice (1998) J. Virol, 72, pp. 7420-7427; Marrack, P., McKee, A. S., Munks, M. W., Towards an understanding of the adjuvant action of aluminium (2009) Nat. Rev. Immunol, 9, pp. 287-293; He, P., Zou, Y., Hu, Z., Advances in aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant research and its mechanism (2015) Hum. Vaccin. Immunother, 11, pp. 477-488; Dinnon, K. H., A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 560-566; Jiang, R.-D., Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 50-58. , e8; Mura, M., hCD46 receptor is not required for measles vaccine Schwarz strain replication in vivo: Type-I IFN is the species barrier in mice (2018) Virology, 524, pp. 151-159; Le Bon, A., Type I interferons potently enhance humoral immunity and can promote isotype switching by stimulating dendritic cells in vivo (2001) Immunity, 14, pp. 461-470; Amanna, I. J., Carlson, N. E., Slifka, M. K., Duration of humoral immunity to common viral and vaccine antigens (2007) N Engl. J. Med, 357, pp. 1903-1915; Carryn, S., Feyssaguet, M., Povey, M., Di Paolo, E., Long-term immunogenicity of measles, mumps and rubella-containing vaccines in healthy young children: A 10-year follow-up (2019) Vaccine, 37, pp. 5323-5331; Russell, S. J., Remission of disseminated cancer after systemic oncolytic virotherapy (2014) Mayo Clin. Proc, 89, pp. 926-933; Msaouel, P., Clinical trials with oncolytic measles virus: Current status and future prospects (2018) Curr. Cancer Drug Targets, 18, pp. 177-187; Dispenzieri, A., Phase I trial of systemic administration of Edmonston strain of measles virus genetically engineered to express the sodium iodide symporter in patients with recurrent or refractory multiple myeloma (2017) Leukemia, 31, pp. 2791-2798; Griffin, D. E., Lin, W.-H. W., Nelson, A. N., Understanding the causes and consequences of measles virus persistence (2018) F1000Res, 7, p. 237; Ramsauer, K., Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of a recombinant measles-virus-based chikungunya vaccine: A randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled, active-comparator, first-in-man trial (2015) Lancet Infect. Dis, 15, pp. 519-527; Reisinger, E. C., Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of the measles-vectored Chikungunya Virus vaccine MV-CHIK: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase 2 trial (2019) Lancet, 392, pp. 2718-2727; Hoffmann, M., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280. , e8; Wrapp, D., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Yu, J., DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 806-811; Okba, N. M. A., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibody responses in coronavirus disease patients (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 26, pp. 1478-1488; Rey, F. A., Stiasny, K., Vaney, M.-C., Dellarole, M., Heinz, F. X., The bright and the dark side of human antibody responses to flaviviruses: Lessons for vaccine design (2018) EMBO Rep, 19, pp. 206-224; Liu, L., Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection (2019) JCI Insight, 4, p. e123158; Naniche, D., Human immunology of measles virus infection (2009) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol, 330, pp. 151-171; Bao, L., The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 830-833; Yoneda, M., Recombinant measles virus vaccine expressing the Nipah virus glycoprotein protects against lethal Nipah virus challenge (2013) PLoS One, 8, p. e58414; Dufort, E. M., New York State and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Investigation Team, Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York State (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 347-358; Lorin, C., A single injection of recombinant measles virus vaccines expressing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 clade B envelope glycoproteins induces neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses to HIV (2004) J. Virol, 78, pp. 146-157; Brandler, S., A recombinant measles vaccine expressing chikungunya virus-like particles is strongly immunogenic and protects mice from lethal challenge with chikungunya virus (2013) Vaccine, 31, pp. 3718-3725 PY - 2020 SN - 00278424 (ISSN) SP - 32657-32666 ST - A highly immunogenic and effective measles virus-based Th1-biased COVID-19 vaccine T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - A highly immunogenic and effective measles virus-based Th1-biased COVID-19 vaccine UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098233708&doi=10.1073%2fpnas.2014468117&partnerID=40&md5=4938581bcca8bbe2da082bcbadd57366 VL - 117 ID - 237 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The mode of acquisition and causes for the variable clinical spectrum of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unknown. We utilized a reverse genetics system to generate a GFP reporter virus to explore severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis and a luciferase reporter virus to demonstrate sera collected from SARS and COVID-19 patients exhibited limited cross-CoV neutralization. High-sensitivity RNA in situ mapping revealed the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in the nose with decreasing expression throughout the lower respiratory tract, paralleled by a striking gradient of SARS-CoV-2 infection in proximal (high) versus distal (low) pulmonary epithelial cultures. COVID-19 autopsied lung studies identified focal disease and, congruent with culture data, SARS-CoV-2-infected ciliated and type 2 pneumocyte cells in airway and alveolar regions, respectively. These findings highlight the nasal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 with likely subsequent aspiration-mediated virus seeding to the lung in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. These reagents provide a foundation for investigations into virus-host interactions in protective immunity, host susceptibility, and virus pathogenesis. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Hou et al. present a reverse genetics system for SARS-CoV-2, which is then used to make reporter viruses to quantify the ability of patient sera and antibodies to neutralize infectious virus and to examine viral tropism along the human respiratory tract. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Protein Expression and Purification Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Otolaryngology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Cell Biology, Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Canadian Center for Vaccinology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States Department of Pathology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States Laboratory of Chronic Airway Infection, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Laboratory of Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China AU - Hou, Y. J. AU - Okuda, K. AU - Edwards, C. E. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Asakura, T. AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - Kato, T. AU - Lee, R. E. AU - Yount, B. L. AU - Mascenik, T. M. AU - Chen, G. AU - Olivier, K. N. AU - Ghio, A. AU - Tse, L. V. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Dang, H. AU - Gilmore, R. AU - Nakano, S. AU - Sun, L. AU - Fulcher, M. L. AU - Livraghi-Butrico, A. AU - Nicely, N. I. AU - Cameron, M. AU - Cameron, C. AU - Kelvin, D. J. AU - de Silva, A. AU - Margolis, D. M. AU - Markmann, A. AU - Bartelt, L. AU - Zumwalt, R. AU - Martinez, F. J. AU - Salvatore, S. P. AU - Borczuk, A. AU - Tata, P. R. AU - Sontake, V. AU - Kimple, A. AU - Jaspers, I. AU - O'Neal, W. K. AU - Randell, S. H. AU - Boucher, R. C. AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 32526206 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.042 IS - 2 J2 - Cell KW - ACE2 COVID-19 infectious clone nasal infection neutralization assay primary cells reporter virus respiratory tropism reverse genetics SARS-CoV-2 angiotensin converting enzyme 2 dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase furin monoclonal antibody neutralizing antibody recombinant DNA serine proteinase TMPRSS2 protein, human adult aged airway animal cell Article autopsy controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 female human human cell human tissue lower respiratory tract lung alveolus lung alveolus cell type 2 lung epithelium male nonhuman nose priority journal protein expression respiratory system RNA analysis severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 very elderly virus neutralization virus pathogenesis animal Betacoronavirus cell culture cell line Chlorocebus aethiops Coronavirus infection cystic fibrosis genetics immunology lung metabolism middle aged nose mucosa pandemic passive immunization pathogenicity pathology procedures Vero cell line virology virulence virus pneumonia virus replication Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Neutralizing Cells, Cultured Coronavirus Infections DNA, Recombinant Humans Immunization, Passive Nasal Mucosa Pandemics Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Pneumonia, Viral Serine Endopeptidases Vero Cells LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :224 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CELLB Correspondence Address: Boucher, R.C.; Marsico Lung Institute, United States; email: richard_boucher@med.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: rbaric@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, 9015-82-1; furin; proprotein convertase 9; serine protease HTRA1; serine proteinase, 37259-58-8; angiotensin converting enzyme 2; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing; DNA, Recombinant; Furin; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Serine Endopeptidases; TMPRSS2 protein, human Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01-AI089728, U01-AI14964, U19-AI100625 Funding details: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, P01-HL108808, P01-HL110873, P30-DK065988-13, R01-HL136961, UH3-HL123645 Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI, 5P30CA016086-41 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, T32 AI007151 Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF, RT-57362 Funding details: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFF, OKUDA10I0 Funding details: American Lung Association, ALA Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS, KL2TR002490, R00HL127181, R01HL146557 Funding details: Duke University Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC Funding details: Cystic Fibrosis Research, CFRI Funding text 1: We would like to acknowledge funding sources from the National Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institution of Health (NIH) ( U19-AI100625 , R01-AI089728 , and U01-AI14964 ) to R.S.B. and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH ( UH3-HL123645 , P01-HL110873 , R01-HL136961 , P30-DK065988-13 , and P01-HL108808 ) to R.C.B. K.O. is funded by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation ( OKUDA10I0 ) and a research grant from Cystic Fibrosis Research Incorporation . D.R.M. is funded by NIH NIAID T32 AI007151 and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award . T.K. is funded by a Senior Research Training Fellowship ( RT-57362 ) of American Lung Association . A.J.K. is support by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , NIH, through grant KL2TR002490 . P.R.T. received a Pathways to Independence award from the NHLBI / NIH ( R00HL127181 and R01HL146557 ) that partially supported this study. V.S. is supported by a postdoc fellowship from Regeneration Next Initiative at Duke University. We thank N.J. Thornburg at the CDC for providing us the SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolate WA1 strain. We are grateful for the technical support of Y. Escobar for HNE cultures and Lisa Morton for qPCR assays and to S. Weiss, Y. Park, J. Kuruc, and the UNC Blood Donor Center for COVID-19 serum sample preparation. The UNC Animal Histopathology & Laboratory Medicine Core is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant ( 5P30CA016086-41 ) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. We thank E.C. Roe for assisting manuscript editing. Finally, we are grateful for the donors of primary cells and sera who made this study possible. Funding text 2: We would like to acknowledge funding sources from the National Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID), National Institution of Health (NIH) (U19-AI100625, R01-AI089728, and U01-AI14964) to R.S.B. and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH (UH3-HL123645, P01-HL110873, R01-HL136961, P30-DK065988-13, and P01-HL108808) to R.C.B. K.O. is funded by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (OKUDA10I0) and a research grant from Cystic Fibrosis Research Incorporation. D.R.M. is funded by NIH NIAID T32 AI007151 and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award. T.K. is funded by a Senior Research Training Fellowship (RT-57362) of American Lung Association. A.J.K. is support by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, through grant KL2TR002490. P.R.T. received a Pathways to Independence award from the NHLBI/NIH (R00HL127181 and R01HL146557) that partially supported this study. V.S. is supported by a postdoc fellowship from Regeneration Next Initiative at Duke University. We thank N.J. Thornburg at the CDC for providing us the SARS-CoV-2 clinical isolate WA1 strain. We are grateful for the technical support of Y. Escobar for HNE cultures and Lisa Morton for qPCR assays and to S. Weiss, Y. Park, J. Kuruc, and the UNC Blood Donor Center for COVID-19 serum sample preparation. The UNC Animal Histopathology & Laboratory Medicine Core is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant (5P30CA016086-41) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. We thank E.C. Roe for assisting manuscript editing. Finally, we are grateful for the donors of primary cells and sera who made this study possible. Conceptualization R.C.B. R.S.B, and S.H.R.; Investigation: Y.J.H. K.O. C.E.E. D.R.M. T.A. K.D.3, T.K. R.L. B.L.Y. T.M.M. G.C. K.N.O. A.G. L.V.T. S.R.L. L.E.G. A.S. H.D. R.G.S.N. L.S. L.F. W.K.O. and S.H.R.; Contribution to research materials: A.L.B. N.I.N. M.C. C.C. D.J.K. A.D.S. D.M.M. A.M. L.B. R.Z. F.J.M. S.P.S. A.B. P.R.T. V.S. A.K. I.J. and S.H.R. Writing ? original draft preparation: Y.J.H.; Writing ? review and editing: R.C.B. R.S.B. S.H.R. and W.K.O.; Visualization: Y.J.H. K.O. C.E.E. D.R.M. T.A. and T.K.; Funding acquisition: R.C.B. and R.S.B. The authors declare no competing financial interests. References: Agnihothram, S., Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Lindesmith, L.C., Scobey, T., Whitmore, A., Schäfer, A., Baric, R.S., Development of a broadly accessible Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particle vaccine platform (2018) J. Virol.; Aguiar, J.A., Tremblay, B.J.-M., Mansfield, M.J., Woody, O., Lobb, B., Banerjee, A., Chandiramohan, A., Revill, S., Gene expression and in situ protein profiling of candidate SARS-CoV-2 receptors in human airway epithelial cells and lung tissue (2020) bioRxiv; Almazán, F., González, J.M., Pénzes, Z., Izeta, A., Calvo, E., Plana-Durán, J., Enjuanes, L., Engineering the largest RNA virus genome as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, pp. 5516-5521; Amberson, J.B., A clinical consideration of abscesses and cavities of the lung (1954) Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp., 94, pp. 227-237; Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I., Holmes, E.C., Garry, R.F., The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 450-452; Atri, D., Siddiqi, H.K., Lang, J., Nauffal, V., Morrow, D.A., Bohula, E.A., COVID-19 for the cardiologist: a current review of the virology, clinical epidemiology, cardiac and other clinical manifestations and potential therapeutic strategies (2020) JACC Basic Transl. Sci.; Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S., Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4 (2015) J. Stat. Softw., 67, pp. 1-48; Beall, A., Yount, B., Lin, C.M., Hou, Y., Wang, Q., Saif, L., Baric, R., Characterization of a pathogenic full-length cDNA clone and transmission model for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain PC22A (2016) MBio, 7. , e01451–e15; Booth, T.F., Kournikakis, B., Bastien, N., Ho, J., Kobasa, D., Stadnyk, L., Li, Y., Henry, B., Detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and environmental contamination in SARS outbreak units (2005) J. Infect. Dis., 191, pp. 1472-1477; Boucher, R.C., Muco-obstructive lung diseases (2019) N. Engl. J. Med., 380, pp. 1941-1953; Bove, P.F., Grubb, B.R., Okada, S.F., Ribeiro, C.M., Rogers, T.D., Randell, S.H., O'Neal, W.K., Boucher, R.C., Human alveolar type II cells secrete and absorb liquid in response to local nucleotide signaling (2010) J. Biol. Chem., 285, pp. 34939-34949; Brann, D., Tsukahara, T., Weinreb, C., Logan, D.W., Datta, S.R., Non-neural expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory epithelium suggests mechanisms underlying anosmia in COVID-19 patients (2020) bioRxiv; Carsana, L., Sonzogni, A., Nasr, A., Rossi, R., Pellegrinelli, A., Zerbi, P., Rech, R., Corbellino, M., Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a large series of COVID-19 cases from Northern Italy (2020) medRxiv; Casais, R., Thiel, V., Siddell, S.G., Cavanagh, D., Britton, P., Reverse genetics system for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (2001) J. Virol., 75, pp. 12359-12369; Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 United States, February 12-March 28, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 69, pp. 382-386; Chan, K.S., Zheng, J.P., Mok, Y.W., Li, Y.M., Liu, Y.N., Chu, C.M., Ip, M.S., SARS: prognosis, outcome and sequelae (2003) Respirology, 8, pp. S36-S40; Chen, G., Sun, L., Kato, T., Okuda, K., Martino, M.B., Abzhanova, A., Lin, J.M., O'Neal, Y.K., IL-1β dominates the promucin secretory cytokine profile in cystic fibrosis (2019) J. Clin. Invest., 129, pp. 4433-4450; Cockrell, A.S., Johnson, J.C., Moore, I.N., Liu, D.X., Bock, K.W., Douglas, M.G., Graham, R.L., Bartos, C., A spike-modified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infectious clone elicits mild respiratory disease in infected rhesus macaques (2018) Sci. Rep., 8, p. 10727; Colombo, C., Burgel, P.R., Gartner, S., van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel, S., Naehrlich, L., Sermet-Gaudelus, I., Southern, K.W., Impact of COVID-19 on people with cystic fibrosis (2020) Lancet Respir. Med., 8, pp. e35-e36; Coutard, B., Valle, C., de Lamballerie, X., Canard, B., Seidah, N.G., Decroly, E., The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade (2020) Antiviral Res., 176, p. 104742; Deprez, M., Zaragosi, L.-E., Truchi, M., Garcia, S.R., Arguel, M.-J., Lebrigand, K., Paquet, A., Leroy, S., A single-cell atlas of the human healthy airways (2019) bioRxiv; Dickson, R.P., Erb-Downward, J.R., Martinez, F.J., Huffnagle, G.B., The microbiome and the respiratory tract (2016) Annu. Rev. Physiol., 78, pp. 481-504; Durante, M.A., Kurtenbach, S., Sargi, Z.B., Harbour, J.W., Choi, R., Kurtenbach, S., Goss, G.M., Goldstein, B.J., Single-cell analysis of olfactory neurogenesis and differentiation in adult humans (2020) Nat. Neurosci., 23, pp. 323-326; Eichner, H., Behbehani, A.A., Hochstrasser, K., [Diagnostic value of nasal secretions, current state: normal values. 1] (1983) Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg), 62, pp. 561-565; Esther, C.R., Jr., Muhlebach, M.S., Ehre, C., Hill, D.B., Wolfgang, M.C., Kesimer, M., Ramsey, K.A., Forest, M.G., Mucus accumulation in the lungs precedes structural changes and infection in children with cystic fibrosis (2019) Sci. Transl. Med., 11, p. eaav3488; Evans, C.M., Fingerlin, T.E., Schwarz, M.I., Lynch, D., Kurche, J., Warg, L., Yang, I.V., Schwartz, D.A., Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a genetic disease that involves mucociliary dysfunction of the peripheral airways (2016) Physiol. Rev., 96, pp. 1567-1591; Farzal, Z., Basu, S., Burke, A., Fasanmade, O.O., Lopez, E.M., Bennett, W.D., Ebert, C.S., Jr., Kimbell, J.S., Comparative study of simulated nebulized and spray particle deposition in chronic rhinosinusitis patients (2019) Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol., 9, pp. 746-758; Fulcher, M.L., Gabriel, S.E., Olsen, J.C., Tatreau, J.R., Gentzsch, M., Livanos, E., Saavedra, M.T., Randell, S.H., Novel human bronchial epithelial cell lines for cystic fibrosis research (2009) Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol., 296, pp. L82-L91; Fulcher, M.L., Randell, S.H., Human nasal and tracheo-bronchial respiratory epithelial cell culture (2013) Methods Mol. Biol., 945, pp. 109-121; Gaeckle, N.T., Pragman, A.A., Pendleton, K.M., Baldomero, A.K., Criner, G.J., The oral-lung axis: the impact of oral health on lung health (2020) Respir. Care, , respcare.07332; Gentzsch, M., Boyles, S.E., Cheluvaraju, C., Chaudhry, I.G., Quinney, N.L., Cho, C., Dang, H., Randell, S.H., Pharmacological rescue of conditionally reprogrammed cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells (2017) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 56, pp. 568-574; Ghosh, A., Coakley, R.C., Mascenik, T., Rowell, T.R., Davis, E.S., Rogers, K., Webster, M.J., Sassano, M.F., Chronic e-cigarette exposure alters the human bronchial epithelial proteome (2018) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 198, pp. 67-76; Gleeson, K., Eggli, D.F., Maxwell, S.L., Quantitative aspiration during sleep in normal subjects (1997) Chest, 111, pp. 1266-1272; González, J.M., Pénzes, Z., Almazán, F., Calvo, E., Enjuanes, L., Stabilization of a full-length infectious cDNA clone of transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus by insertion of an intron (2002) J. Virol., 76, pp. 4655-4661; Gorbalenya, A.E., Baker, S.C., Baric, R.S., de Groot, R.J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A.A., Haagmans, B.L., Neuman, B.W., The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat. Microbiol., 5, pp. 536-544; Guan, W.J., Liang, W.H., Zhao, Y., Liang, H.R., Chen, Z.S., Li, Y.M., Liu, X.Q., Wang, T., Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis (2020) Eur. Respir. J., 55, p. 2000547; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T.S., Nitsche, A., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280.e8; Hothorn, T., Bretz, F., Westfall, P., Heiberger, R.M., Simultaneous inference for general linear hypotheses (2006), http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/multcomp/index.html; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Gu, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Huxley, E.J., Viroslav, J., Gray, W.R., Pierce, A.K., Pharyngeal aspiration in normal adults and patients with depressed consciousness (1978) Am. J. Med., 64, pp. 564-568; Imai, Y., Kuba, K., Rao, S., Huan, Y., Guo, F., Guan, B., Yang, P., Leong-Poi, H., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure (2005) Nature, 436, pp. 112-116; Izaguirre, G., The proteolytic regulation of virus cell entry by furin and other proprotein convertases (2019) Viruses, 11, p. 837; Jia, H., Pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and inflammatory lung disease (2016) Shock, 46, pp. 239-248; Keeler, S.P., Agapov, E.V., Hinojosa, M.E., Letvin, A.N., Wu, K., Holtzman, M.J., Influenza A virus infection causes chronic lung disease linked to sites of active viral RNA remnants (2018) J. Immunol., 201, pp. 2354-2368; Kesic, M.J., Simmons, S.O., Bauer, R., Jaspers, I., Nrf2 expression modifies influenza A entry and replication in nasal epithelial cells (2011) Free Radic. Biol. Med., 51, pp. 444-453; Knowles, M.R., Ostrowski, L.E., Leigh, M.W., Sears, P.R., Davis, S.D., Wolf, W.E., Hazucha, M.J., Sagel, S.D., Mutations in RSPH1 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia with a unique clinical and ciliary phenotype (2014) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 189, pp. 707-717; Kollias, A., Kyriakoulis, K.G., Dimakakos, E., Poulakou, G., Stergiou, G.S., Syrigos, K., Thromboembolic risk and anticoagulant therapy in COVID-19 patients: emerging evidence and call for action (2020) Br. J. Haematol.; Kuba, K., Imai, Y., Rao, S., Gao, H., Guo, F., Guan, B., Huan, Y., Deng, W., A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury (2005) Nat. Med., 11, pp. 875-879; Kuznetsova, A., Brockhoff, P.B., Christensen, R.H.B., lmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models (2017) J. Stat. Softw., 82, pp. 1-26; Leung, J.M., Yang, C.X., Tam, A., Shaipanich, T., Hackett, T.L., Singhera, G.K., Dorscheid, D.R., Sin, D.D., ACE-2 expression in the small airway epithelia of smokers and COPD patients: implications for COVID-19 (2020) Eur. Respir. J., 55, p. 2000688; Liu, Y., Ning, Z., Chen, Y., Guo, M., Liu, Y., Gali, N.K., Sun, L., Westerdahl, D., Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals (2020) Nature; Magro, C., Mulvey, J.J., Berlin, D., Nuovo, G., Salvatore, S., Harp, J., Baxter-Stoltzfus, A., Laurence, J., Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases (2020) Transl. Res.; Martinez, D.R., Tu, J.J., Kumar, A., Mangold, J.F., Mangan, R.J., Goswami, R., Giorgi, E.E., Douglas, A.O., Maternal broadly neutralizing antibodies can select for neutralization-resistant, infant-transmitted/founder HIV variants (2020) MBio; Matsuyama, S., Nagata, N., Shirato, K., Kawase, M., Takeda, M., Taguchi, F., Efficient activation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein by the transmembrane protease TMPRSS2 (2010) J. Virol., 84, pp. 12658-12664; Matsuyama, S., Ujike, M., Morikawa, S., Tashiro, M., Taguchi, F., Protease-mediated enhancement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, pp. 12543-12547; Menachery, V.D., Dinnon, K.H., 3rd, Yount, B.L., Jr., McAnarney, E.T., Gralinski, L.E., Hale, A., Graham, R.L., Wang, L., Trypsin treatment unlocks barrier for zoonotic bat coronavirus infection (2020) J. Virol.; Menachery, V.D., Eisfeld, A.J., Schäfer, A., Josset, L., Sims, A.C., Proll, S., Fan, S., Tilton, S.C., Pathogenic influenza viruses and coronaviruses utilize similar and contrasting approaches to control interferon-stimulated gene responses (2014) MBio, 5. , e01174–e14; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S., Gralinski, L.E., Plante, J.A., Graham, R.L., Donaldson, E.F., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med., 21, pp. 1508-1513; Millet, J.K., Whittaker, G.R., Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. 15214-15219; Morawska, L., Cao, J., Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality (2020) Environ. Int., 139, p. 105730; Mossel, E.C., Wang, J., Jeffers, S., Edeen, K.E., Wang, S., Cosgrove, G.P., Funk, C.J., Pearson, L.D., SARS-CoV replicates in primary human alveolar type II cell cultures but not in type I-like cells (2008) Virology, 372, pp. 127-135; Mukherjee, S., Sirohi, D., Dowd, K., Chen, C., Diamond, M., Kuhn, R., Pierson, T., Enhancing dengue virus maturation using a stable furin over-expressing cell line (2016) Virology, 497, pp. 33-40; Odani, K., Tachibana, M., Tamashima, R., Tsutsumi, Y., Herpes simplex virus pneumonia: importance of aspiration etiology (2019) Case Rep. Pathol., 2019, p. 7623576; Okuda, K., Chen, G., Subramani, D.B., Wolf, M., Gilmore, R.C., Kato, T., Radicioni, G., Dang, H., Localization of secretory mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B in normal/healthy human airways (2019) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 199, pp. 715-727; Okuda, K., Kobayashi, Y., Dang, H., Nakano, S., Barbosa Cardenas, S.M., O'Neal, V.K., Kato, T., Chua, M., Regional Regulation of CFTR and Ionocyte Expression in Normal Human Airways (2019) (abstract) Pediatr. Pulmonol., 54, p. S173; Ota, C., Ng-Blichfeldt, J.P., Korfei, M., Alsafadi, H.N., Lehmann, M., Skronska-Wasek, W., M De Santis, M., Königshoff, M., Dynamic expression of HOPX in alveolar epithelial cells reflects injury and repair during the progression of pulmonary fibrosis (2018) Sci. Rep., 8, p. 12983; Pan, X., Chen, D., Xia, Y., Wu, X., Li, T., Ou, X., Zhou, L., Liu, J., Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis., 20, pp. 410-411; Pan, Y., Zhang, D., Yang, P., Poon, L.L.M., Wang, Q., Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis., 20, pp. 411-412; Pandya, V.K., Tiwari, R.S., Nasal mucociliary clearance in health and disease (2006) Indian J. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 58, pp. 332-334; Papineni, R.S., Rosenthal, F.S., The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects (1997) J. Aerosol Med., 10, pp. 105-116; Phillips, L.K., Deane, A.M., Jones, K.L., Rayner, C.K., Horowitz, M., Gastric emptying and glycaemia in health and diabetes mellitus (2015) Nat. Rev. Endocrinol., 11, pp. 112-128; Quirouette, C., Younis, N.P., Reddy, M.B., Beauchemin, C.A.A., A mathematical model describing the localization and spread of influenza A virus infection within the human respiratory tract (2020) PLoS Comput. Biol., 16, p. e1007705; Richard, M., van den Brand, J.M.A., Bestebroer, T.M., Lexmond, P., de Meulder, D., Fouchier, R.A.M., Lowen, A.C., Herfst, S., Influenza A viruses are transmitted via the air from the nasal respiratory epithelium of ferrets (2020) Nat. Commun., 11, p. 766; Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Bestebroer, T., Lamers, M.M., Oude Munnink, B.B., de Meulder, D., Okba, N.M.A., Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model (2020) Science, p. eabb7314; Rogers, A.J., Solus, J.F., Hunninghake, G.M., Baron, R.M., Meyer, N.J., Janz, D.R., Schwartz, D.A., Ware, L.B., MUC5B promoter polymorphism and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (2018) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 198, pp. 1342-1345; Sajuthi, S.P., DeFord, P., Jackson, N.D., Montgomery, M.T., Everman, J.L., Rios, C.L., Pruesse, E., Wechsler, M.E., Type 2 and interferon inflammation strongly regulate SARS-CoV-2 related gene expression in the airway epithelium (2020) bioRxiv; Santarpia, J.L., Rivera, D.N., Herrera, V., Morwitzer, M.J., Creager, H., Santarpia, G.W., Crown, K.K., Broadhurst, M.J., Transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 in viral shedding observed at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (2020) medRxiv; Schindelin, J., Arganda-Carreras, I., Frise, E., Kaynig, V., Longair, M., Pietzsch, T., Preibisch, S., Schmid, B., Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis (2012) Nat. Methods, 9, pp. 676-682; Scobey, T., Yount, B.L., Sims, A.C., Donaldson, E.F., Agnihothram, S.S., Menachery, V.D., Graham, R.L., Kim, J.D., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Shang, J., Ye, G., Shi, K., Wan, Y., Luo, C., Aihara, H., Geng, Q., Li, F., Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 221-224; Sims, A.C., Baric, R.S., Yount, B., Burkett, S.E., Collins, P.L., Pickles, R.J., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of human ciliated airway epithelia: role of ciliated cells in viral spread in the conducting airways of the lungs (2005) J. Virol., 79, pp. 15511-15524; Sodhi, C.P., Nguyen, J., Yamaguchi, Y., Werts, A.D., Lu, P., Ladd, M.R., Fulton, W.B., Prindle, T., Jr., A dynamic variation of pulmonary ACE2 is required to modulate neutrophilic inflammation in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice (2019) J. Immunol., 203, pp. 3000-3012; Speen, A.M., Hoffman, J.R., Kim, H.H., Escobar, Y.N., Nipp, G.E., Rebuli, M.E., Porter, N.A., Jaspers, I., Small molecule antipsychotic aripiprazole potentiates ozone-induced inflammation in airway epithelium (2019) Chem. Res. Toxicol., 32, pp. 1997-2005; Sungnak, W., Huang, N., Bécavin, C., Berg, M., Queen, R., Litvinukova, M., Talavera-López, C., Sampaziotis, F., SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 681-687; Teunis, P.F., Brienen, N., Kretzschmar, M.E., High infectivity and pathogenicity of influenza A virus via aerosol and droplet transmission (2010) Epidemics, 2, pp. 215-222; Thao, T.T.N., Labroussaa, F., Ebert, N., V'kovski, P., Stalder, H., Portmann, J., Kelly, J., Kratzel, A., Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic genomics platform (2020) Nature; Thornton, D.J., Gray, T., Nettesheim, P., Howard, M., Koo, J.S., Sheehan, J.K., Characterization of mucins from cultured normal human tracheobronchial epithelial cells (2000) Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol., 278, pp. L1118-L1128; Tian, X., Li, C., Huang, A., Xia, S., Lu, S., Shi, Z., Lu, L., Ying, T., Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody (2020) Emerg. Microbes Infect., 9, pp. 382-385; Walls, A.C., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Wall, A., McGuire, A.T., Veesler, D., Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 281-292.e6; Wang, N., Rosen, O., Wang, L., Turner, H.L., Stevens, L.J., Corbett, K.S., Bowman, C.A., Zhang, Y., Structural definition of a neutralization-sensitive epitope on the MERS-CoV S1-NTD (2019) Cell Rep., 28, pp. 3395-3405.e6; Wicht, O., Li, W., Willems, L., Meuleman, T.J., Wubbolts, R.W., van Kuppeveld, F.J., Rottier, P.J., Bosch, B.J., Proteolytic activation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus spike fusion protein by trypsin in cell culture (2014) J. Virol., 88, pp. 7952-7961; Wilson, N.M., Norton, A., Young, F.P., Collins, D.W., Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review (2020) Anaesthesia; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M.A., Niemeyer, D., Rothe, C., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.L., Abiona, O., Graham, B.S., McLellan, J.S., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA; Wu, X., Nethery, R.C., Sabath, B.M., Braun, D., Dominici, F., Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States (2020) medRxiv; Wu, A., Peng, Y., Huang, B., Ding, X., Wang, X., Niu, P., Meng, J., Wang, J., Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 325-328; Xie, X., Muruato, A., Lokugamage, K.G., Narayanan, K., Zhang, X., Zou, J., Liu, J., Aguilar, P.V., An infectious cDNA clone of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 841-848.e3; Xu, X., Yu, C., Qu, J., Zhang, L., Jiang, S., Huang, D., Chen, B., Ling, Z., Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 47, pp. 1275-1280; Yan, R., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Xia, L., Guo, Y., Zhou, Q., Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1444-1448; Ying, T., Prabakaran, P., Du, L., Shi, W., Feng, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Zhou, T., Junctional and allele-specific residues are critical for MERS-CoV neutralization by an exceptionally potent germline-like antibody (2015) Nat. Commun., 6, p. 8223; Yount, B., Curtis, K.M., Baric, R.S., Strategy for systematic assembly of large RNA and DNA genomes: transmissible gastroenteritis virus model (2000) J. Virol., 74, pp. 10600-10611; Yount, B., Curtis, K.M., Fritz, E.A., Hensley, L.E., Jahrling, P.B., Prentice, E., Denison, M.R., Baric, R.S., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, pp. 12995-13000; Yu, X., Zhang, S., Jiang, L., Cui, Y., Li, D., Wang, D., Wang, N., Li, Z., Structural basis for the neutralization of MERS-CoV by a human monoclonal antibody MERS-27 (2015) Sci. Rep., 5, p. 13133; Zhu, Z., Chakraborti, S., He, Y., Roberts, A., Sheahan, T., Xiao, X., Hensley, L.E., Sidorov, I.A., Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, pp. 12123-12128; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Lu, R., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733; Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M., Liang, L., Huang, H., Hong, Z., Yu, J., Xia, J., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1177-1179 PY - 2020 SN - 00928674 (ISSN) SP - 429-446.e14 ST - SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract T2 - Cell TI - SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086399821&doi=10.1016%2fj.cell.2020.05.042&partnerID=40&md5=5c8c5f32c618a29364c630b5fdb13613 VL - 182 ID - 441 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic placed hygiene at the centre of disease prevention. Yet, access to the levels of water supply that support good hand hygiene and institutional cleaning, our understanding of hygiene behaviours, and access to soap are deficient in low-, middle- and high-income countries. This paper reviews the role of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) in disease emergence, previous outbreaks, combatting COVID-19 and in preparing for future pandemics. We consider settings where these factors are particularly important and identify key preventive contributions to disease control and gaps in the evidence base. Urgent substantial action is required to remedy deficiencies in WaSH, particularly the provision of reliable, continuous piped water on-premises for all households and settings. Hygiene promotion programmes, underpinned by behavioural science, must be adapted to high-risk populations (such as the elderly and marginalised) and settings (such as healthcare facilities, transport hubs and workplaces). WaSH must be better integrated into preparation plans and with other sectors in prevention efforts. More finance and better use of financing instruments would extend and improve WaSH services. The lessons outlined justify no-regrets investment by government in response to and recovery from the current pandemic; to improve day-to-day lives and as preparedness for future pandemics. © 2020 IWA Publishing. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil Department for Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, SA, Australia Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States AU - Howard, G. AU - Bartram, J. AU - Brocklehurst, C. AU - Colford, J. M., Jr. AU - Costa, F. AU - Cunliffe, D. AU - Dreibelbis, R. AU - Eisenberg, J. N. S. AU - Evans, B. AU - Girones, R. AU - Hrudey, S. AU - Willetts, J. AU - Wright, C. Y. C2 - 33095188 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2166/wh.2020.162 IS - 5 J2 - J. Water Health KW - Coronavirus COVID-19 Hygiene Pandemics WaSH Water soap disease control disease prevalence epidemic global perspective health care health expenditure sanitation state role viral disease water supply finance investment Article behavior change behavioral science communicable disease cooperation coronavirus disease 2019 evidence based practice financial management futurology government hand washing health care facility health care planning high risk population human human rights infection infection control infection prevention international organization pandemic practice guideline research priority traffic and transport transport hub water flow workplace aged Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection virus pneumonia household Coronavirus Infections Humans Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Howard, G.; Department of Civil Engineering, United Kingdom; email: guy.howard@bristol.ac.uk Chemicals/CAS: water, 7732-18-5; Water References: Adams, J., Bartram, J., Chartier, Y., (2008) Essential Environmental Health Standards in Health Care, , https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/ehs_hc/en/, World Health Organization, Geneva; Ahmed, W., Angel, N., Edson, J., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., O'Brien, J. W., Choi, P. M., Mueller, J. F., First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: a proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community (2020) Science of the Total Environment, 748; Allen, T., Murray, K. A., Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Morse, S. S., Rondinini, C, Di Marco, M., Breit, N., Daszak, P., Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases (2017) Nature Communications, 8, p. 1124; Andres, L. A., Thibert, M., Cordoba, C. L., Danilenko, A. V., Joseph, G., Borja-Vega, C., (2019) Doing More with Less: Smarter Subsidies for Water Supply and Sanitation, , World Bank, Washington, DC; Ashraf, S., Nizame, F. A., Islam, M., Dutta, N. C, Yeasim, D., Akhter, S., Abedin, J., Luby, S., Nonrandomized trial of feasibility and acceptability of strategies for promotion of soapy water as a handwashing agent in rural Bangladesh (2017) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96 (2), pp. 421-429; Azor-Martínez, E., Gonzalez-Jimenez, Y, Seijas-Vazquez, M. L., Cobos-Carrascosa, E., Santisteban-Martínez, J., Martínez-López, J. M., Jimenez-Noguera, E., Gimenez-Sanchez, F., The impact of common infections on school absenteeism during an academic year (2014) American Journal of Infection Control, 42 (6), pp. 632-637; Banner-Shackelford, B., Cronk, R, Behnke, N., Cooper, B., D'Souza, M., Tu, R, Bartram, J., Jaff, D., Environmental health in forced displacement: a systematic scoping review of the emergency phase (2020) Science of the Total Environment, 714, p. 136553; Behnke, N., Cronk, R, Snel, M., Moffa, M., Tu, R, Banner, B., Folz, C, Bartram, J., Improving environmental conditions for involuntarily displaced populations: water, sanitation, and hygiene in orphanages, prisons, and refugee and IDP settlements (2018) Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 8 (4), pp. 785-791; Behnke, N., Cronk, R, Banner, B., Cooper, B., Tu, R, Heller, L., Bartram, J., Environmental health conditions in protracted displacement: a systematic scoping review (2020) Science of the Total Environment, 726, p. 138234; Berendes, D. M., Yang, P. J., Lai, A., Hu, D., Brown, J., Estimation of global recoverable human and animal faecal biomass (2018) Nature Sustainability, 1, pp. 679-685; Bi, Q., Wu, Y, Mei, S., Ye, C, Zou, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, X., Fe, T, Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet Infectious Disease; Brauer, M., Zhao, J. T., Bennitt, F. B., Stanaway, J. D., Global access to handwashing: implications for COVID-19 control in low-income countries (2020) Environmental Health Perspectives, 128 (5); Brook, P., Smith, W., (2001) Improving Access to Infrastructure Services by the Poor: Institutional and Policy Responses, , World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; Caris, M. G., Labuschagne, H. A., Dekker, M, Kramer, M. H. H., van Agtmael, M. A., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M. J. E., Nudging to improve hand hygiene (2018) Journal of Hospital Infection, 98 (4), pp. 352-358; Carroll, D., Daszak, P., Wolfe, N. D., Gao, G. F., Morel, C. M., Morzaria, S., Pablos-Méndez, A., Mazet, J. A. K., The global virome project (2018) Science, 359 (6378), pp. 872-874; Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S. C., Di Napoli, R, (2020) Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19), , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776, StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL. [Updated 6 April 2020]; Chin, A. W. H., Chu, J. T S., Perera, M. R A, Hui, K. P. Y., Yen, H.-L., Chan, M. C W., Peiris, M., Poon, L. L. M., Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions (2020) Lancet Microbe; Contzen, N., Meili, I. H., Mosler, H.-J., Changing handwashing behaviour in southern Ethiopia: a longitudinal study on infrastructural and commitment interventions (2015) Social Science and Medicine, 124, pp. 103-114; Cooper, B., Cronk, R., Behnke, N. L., Anthonj, C, Shackelford, B. B., Tu, R, Bartram, J., Environmental health conditions in the transitional stage of forcible displacement: a systematic scoping review Science of the Total Environment, , (submitted); Costa, F., Carvalho-Pereira, T, Begon, M., Riley, L., Childs, J., Zoonotic and vector-borne diseases in urban slums: opportunities for intervention (2017) Trends in Parasitology, 33 (9), pp. 660-662; Cotruvo, J. A., Dufour, A., Rees, G., Bartram, J., Carr, R, Cliver, D. O., Craun, G. F., Gannon, V. P. J., (2004) Waterborne Zoonoses: Identification, Causes and Control, p. 560. , (eds) IWA Publishing, London and WHO, Geneva; Coultas, M., Iyer, R., Myers, J., (2020) Handwashing Compendium for Low Resource Settings: A Living Document, , Edition 1, The Sanitation Learning Hub. IDS, Brighton; Cronk, R, Bartram, J., (2015) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Health Care Facilities: Status in Low- and Middle-Income Countries and Way Forward, , https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash-health-carefacilities, World Health Organization, Geneva; Cronk, R, Bartram, J., Environmental conditions in health care facilities in low- and middle-income countries: coverage and inequalities (2018) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 221 (3), pp. 409-422; Cronk, R, Slaymaker, T, Bartram, J., Monitoring drinking-water sanitation and hygiene in non-household settings: priorities for policy and practice (2015) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 218, pp. 694-703; de Groot, R, Palermo, T, Handa, S., Ragno, L. P., Peterman, A., Cash transfers and child nutrition: pathways and impacts (2017) Development Policy Review, 35, pp. 621-643; D'Mello-Guyett, L., Gallandat, K., Van den Bergh, R, Taylor, D., Bulit, G., Legros, D., Maes, P., Cumming, O, Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) interventions: a scoping review of current international guidelines (2020) PLoS One, 15 (1), p. e0226549; Dufour, A., Bartram, J., Bos, R, Gannon, V., (2012) Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health, , (eds) IWA Publishing, London, on behalf of the World Health Organization; Faye, O., Boëlle, P.-Y., Heleze, E., Faye, O, Loucouber, C, Magassouba, N., Soropogue, B., Cauchemez, S., Chains of transmission and control of Ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea, in 2014: an observational study (2015) Lancet Infectious Disease, 15, pp. 320-326; Fernald, L. C. H, Gertler, P. J., Neufeld, L. M., Role of cash in conditional cash transfer programmes for child health, growth, and development: an analysis of Mexico's oportunidades (2008) Lancet, 371 (9615), pp. 828-837; Fernald, L. C. H, Gertler, P. C. J., Neufeld, L. M., 10-year effect of oportunidades, Mexico's conditional cash transfer programme, on child growth, cognition, language, and behaviour: a longitudinal follow-up study (2009) Lancet, 374 (9706), pp. 1997-2005; Foster, V., Gomez-Lobo, A., Halpern, J., (2000) Designing Direct Subsidies for the Poor - A Water and Sanitation Case Study. Note No. 211. Public Policy for the Private Sector, , The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; Foster, V., Pattanayak, S., Stalker-Prokopy, L., (2002) Distributional Incidence of Current and Potential Water tariffs and Subsidies in Bangalore, India and Kathmandu, Nepal, , WSP World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; Foster, T, Furey, S., Banks, B., Willetts, J., Functionality of handpump water supplies: a review of data from sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia-Pacific region (2019) International Journal of Water Resources Development; Fung, I. C.-H., Cairncross, S., Effectiveness of handwashing in preventing SARS: a review (2006) Tropical Medicine and International Health, 11 (11), pp. 1749-1758; Godoy, P., Castilla, J., Delgado-Rodríguez, M., Martín, V., Soldevila, N., Alonso, J., Astray, J., Domínguez, A., Effectiveness of hand hygiene and provision of information in preventing influenza cases requiring hospitalization (2012) Preventive Medicine, 54 (6), pp. 434-439; Grais, R. F., Ellis, J. H., Glass, G E., Assessing the impact of airline travel on the geographic spread of pandemic influenza (2020) European Journal of Epidemiology, 18 (11), pp. 1065-1072; Grover, E., Hossain, M. K., Uddin, S., Venkatesh, M., Ram, P. K., Dreibelbis, R., Comparing the behavioural impact of a nudge-based handwashing intervention to high-intensity hygiene education: a cluster-randomised trial in rural Bangladesh (2018) Tropical Medicine and International Health, 23 (1), pp. 10-25; Guo, W., Cronk, R, Scherer, E., Oommen, R., Brogan, J., Sarr, M. M., Bartram, J., A systematic review of environmental health conditions in penal institutions (2019) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222 (5), pp. 790-803; Hamlin, C., (1998) Public Health and Social Justice in the Age of Chadwick, , Cambridge University Press, UK; Hellewell, J., Abbott, S., Gimma, A., Bosse, N. I., Jarvis, C. I., Russell, T. W., Munday, J. D., Edmunds, W. J., Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Working GroupFunk, S. & Eggo, R. M. 2020 Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts Lancet Global Health, 8 (4), pp. e488-e496; Hovi, T., Stenvik, M., Partenan, H., Kangas, A., Poliovirus surveillance by examining sewage specimens. quantitative recovery of virus after introduction into sewerage at remote upstream location (2001) Epidemiology and Infection, 127, pp. 101-106; Howard, G, Bartram, J., (2003) Domestic Water Quantity, Service Level and Health, , World Health Organization, Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments, SDE/WSH/03.02, Geneva, Switzerland; Howard, G, Bartram, J., Williams, A. R, Overbo, A., Geere, J.-A., Fuente, D., press Domestic Water Quantity, Accessibility and Health, , 2nd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva; Hrudey, S. E., Hrudey, E. J., (2004) Safe Drinking Water - Lessons From Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations, p. 514. , IWA Publishing, London; IES 2020 IES Committee Report: Germicidal Ultraviolet (GUV) - Frequently Asked Questions, , https://www.igvlift.com/wpcontent/uploads/2020/05/IES-CR-2-20-V1-6d-1.pdf, Illuminating Engineering Society; Janes, C, Corbet, K. K., Jones, J. H., Trostle, J., Emerging infectious diseases: the role of social sciences (2012) The Lancet, 380 (9857), pp. P1884-P1886; Jones, K. E., Patel, N. G, Levy, M. A., Storeygard, A., Balk, D., Gittleman, J. L., Daszak, P., Global trends in emerging infectious diseases (2008) Nature, 451 (7181), pp. 990-993; Kamar, N, Dalton, H. R, Abravanel, F., Izopet, J., Hepatitis E virus infection (2014) Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 27 (1), pp. 116-138; Kratzel, A., Todt, D., V'kovski, P., Steiner, S., Gultom, M. L., Thao, T. T. N, Ebert, N, Pfaender, S., Efficient inactivation of SARSCoV-2 by WHO-recommended hand rub formulations and alcohols (2020) BioRxiv; Kumar, S., Loughman, L., Luyendijk, R, Hernandez, O, Weinger, M., Arnold, F., Ram, P. K, Handwashing in 51 countries: analysis of proxy measures of handwashing behavior in multiple indicator cluster surveys and demographic and health surveys, 2010-2013 (2017) The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97 (2), pp. 447-459; Kumpel, E., Nelson, K. L., Intermittent water supply: prevalence, practice, and microbial water quality (2016) Environmental Science and Technology, 50, pp. 542-553; Kurdi, S., Fugueroa, J. L., Ibrahim, H., Nutritional training in a humanitarian context: evidence from a cluster randomized trial (2020) Maternal and Child Nutrition, p. e12973; Langford, M., Bartram, J., Roaf, V., Revisiting dignity: the human right to sanitation (2017) The Human Right to Water: Theory, Practice and Prospects, , (M. Langford & A. Russell, eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Laurencin, C. T., McClinton, A., The COVID-19 pandemic: a call to action to identify and address racial and ethnic disparities (2020) Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 18, pp. 1-5; Lee, K., Dodgson, R, Globalization and cholera: implications for global governance (2000) Global Governance, 6 (2), pp. 213-236; Leung, K., Wu, J. Y., Liu, D., Leung, G M., First-wave COVID-19 transmissibility and severity in China outside hubei after control measures, and second-Wave scenario planning: a modelling impact assessment (2020) Lancet, 395 (10233), pp. 1382-1393; Li, X., Zai, J., Zhao, Q., Nie, Q., Li, Y., Foley, B. T., Chaillon, A., Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross-species analyses of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Journal of Medical Virology, 92, pp. 602-611; Lomeli, E. V., Conditional cash transfers as social policy in Latin America: an assessment of their contributions and limitations (2008) Annual Review of Sociology, 34, pp. 475-499; Luby, S. P., Agboatwalla, M., Feikin, D. R, Painter, J., Billhimer, W., Altaf, A., Hoekstra, R. M., Effect of hand washing on children's health: a randomised controlled trial (2005) Lancet, 366, pp. 225-233; MacKenzie, W. R, Hoxie, N. J., Proctor, M. E., Gradus, S., Blair, K. A., Peterson, D. E., Kazmeirczak, J. J., Davies, J. P., A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply (1994) New England Journal of Medicine, 331 (3), pp. 161-167; Majuru, B., Suhrcke, M., Hunter, P. R., How do households respond to unreliable water supplies? A systematic review (2016) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13 (12), p. 1222; Mbakaya, B. C, Lee, P. H., Lee, R. L. T., Hand hygiene intervention strategies to reduce diarrhoea and respiratory infections among schoolchildren in developing countries: a systematic review (2017) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14 (4), p. 371; McKinney, K. R, Yu, Y. G., Lewis, T. G., Environmental transmission of SARS at Amoy Gardens (2006) J. Environ. Health, 68 (9), pp. 26-30; Medema, G, Heijnen, L., Elsinga, G, Italiaander, R., Brouwer, A., Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in sewage and correlation with reported COVID-19 prevalence in the early stage of the epidemic in the Netherlands (2020) Environmental Science & Technology Letters; Merk, H, Kühlmann-Berenzon, S., Linde, A., Nyrén, O., Associations of hand-Washing frequency with incidence of acute respiratory tract infection and influenza-Like illness in adults: a population-based study in Sweden (2014) BMC Infectious Disease, 14, p. 509; Mhalu, F. S., Mtango, F. D. E., Msengi, E., Hospital outbreaks of cholera transmitted through close person-to-Person contact (1984) Lancet, 324 (8394), pp. 82-84; Moffa, M., Cronk, R, Padilla, L., Fejfar, D., Dancausse, S., Bartram, J., A systematic review of environmental health conditions and hygiene behaviors in homeless shelters (2018) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222 (3), pp. 335-346; Moffa, M., Cronk, R, Fejfar, D., Dancausse, S., Padilla, L., Bartram, J., A systematic scoping review of hygiene behaviors and environmental health conditions in institutional care settings for orphaned and abandoned children (2019) Science of the Total Environment, 658, pp. 1161-1174; Morens, D. M., Fauci, A. S., Emerging infectious diseases: threats to human health and global stability (2013) PLoS Pathology, 9 (7), p. e1003467; Morse, S. S., Mazet, J. A., Woolhouse, M., Parrish, C. R, Carroll, D., Karesh, W. B., Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Daszak, P., Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis (2012) Lancet, 380 (9857), pp. 1956-1965; Mostert, C. M., Vall Castello, J., Long run educational and spillover effects of unconditional cash transfers: evidence from South Africa (2020) Economics and Human Biology, 36, p. 100817; Nemudryi, A., Nemudraia, A., Surya, K., Wiegand, T., Buyukyoruk, M., Wilkinson, R, Wiedenheft, B., Temporal detection and phylogenetic assessment of SARSCoV-2 in municipal wastewater (2020) medRxiv; (2020), https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25794, OHCHR; Plowright, R K., Parrish, C. R., McCallum, H, Hudson, P. J., Ko, A. I., Graham, A. L., Lloyd-Smith, J. O., Pathways to zoonotic spillover (2017) Nature Reviews Microbiology, 15 (8), pp. 502-510; Prendergast, A. J., Gharpure, R, Mor, S., Viney, M., Dube, K., Lello, J., Berger, C, Berendes, D., Putting the A' into WaSH: a call for integrated management of water, animals, sanitation, and hygiene (2019) Lancet Planetary Health, 3 (8), pp. e336-e337; Prüss-Ustün, A., Wolf, J., Bartram, J., Clasen, T., Cumming, O., Freemanc, M. C, Gordon, B., Johnston, R, Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene for selected adverse health outcomes: an updated analysis with a focus on low and middle-income countries (2019) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222, pp. 765-777; Rabie, T., Curtis, V., Handwashing and risk of respiratory infections: a quantitative systematic review (2006) Tropical Medicine and International Health, 11 (3), pp. 258-267; (2020) The Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on U.S. Drinking Water Utilities. Report prepared for the American WaterWorks Association and the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies, , https://aquadoc.typepad.com/files/awwa-covid-report_2020-04_final.pdf, Raftelis; Randazzo, W., Truchado, P., Cuevas-Ferrando, E., Simón, P., Allende, A., Sánchez, G., SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area (2020) Water Research; Rehfuess, E. A., Bruce, N., Bartram, J. K., More health for your buck: health sector functions to secure environmental health (2009) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87 (11), pp. 880-882; Renzaho, A., Chitekwe, S., Chen, W., Rijal, S., Dhakal, T., Chikazaza, I. R., Dahal, P., Impact of a multidimensional child cash grant programme on water, sanitation and hygiene in Nepal (2018) Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 8 (3), pp. 520-532; Renzaho, A. M. N, Chen, W., Rijal, S., Dahal, P., Chikazaza, I. R., Dhakal, T., Chitek, S., The impact of unconditional child cash grant on child malnutrition and its immediate and underlying causes in five districts of the karnali zone, Nepal - A trend analysis (2019) Archives of Public Health, 77, p. 24; Ruan, S., Wang, W., Levin, S. A., The effect of global travel on the spread of SARS (2005) Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 3 (1), pp. 205-218; Saunders-Hastings, P., Crispo, J. A. G., Sikora, L., Krewskia, D., Effectiveness of personal protective measures in reducing pandemic influenza transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) Epidemics, 20, pp. 1-20; Simmerman, J. M., Suntarattiwong, P., Levy, J., Jarman, R. G., Kaewchana, S., Gibbons, R. V., Cowling, B. J., Chotipitayasunondh, T., Findings from a household randomized controlled trial of hand washing and face masks to reduce influenza transmission in Bangkok, Thailand (2011) Influenza and Other Respiratory Diseases, 5 (4), pp. 256-267; (2019) Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2018, , https://www.unhcr.org/5d08d7ee7.pdf, UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva; (2018) Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools: Global Baseline Report 2018, , UNICEF & WHO United Nations, New York; (2019) Progress on Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 2000-2017. Special Focus on Inequalities, , UNICEF & WHO United Nations, New York; United Nations 2020 COVID-19 and Human Rights We Are All in This Together, , https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_policy_brief_on_human_rights_and_covid_23_april_2020.pdf; Vuorinen, V., Aarnio, M., Alava, M., Alopaeus, V., Atanasova, N, Auvinen, M., Balasubramanian, N., Österberg, M., Modelling aerosol transport and virus exposure with numerical simulations in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by inhalation indoors (2020) Safety Science, 130; Wang, R J., Li, J. Q., Chen, Y. C, Zhang, L. X., Xiao, L. H., Widespread occurrence of cryptosporidium infections in patients with HIV/AIDS: epidemiology, clinical feature, diagnosis, and therapy (2018) Acta Tropica, 187, pp. 257-263; Wang, W., Xu, Y, Gao, R, Lu, R, Han, K., Wu, G, Tan, W., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) Journal of the American Medical Association, 323 (18), pp. 1843-1844; White, S., Hasund, A., Dreibelebis, T R, Curtis, V., The determinants of handwashing behaviour in domestic settings: an integrative systematic review (2020) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 227, p. 113512; (2003) Emerging Issues in Water and Infectious Disease, , https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42751, WHO a World Health Organization, Geneva; (2003) Guidelines From Drinking-Water Quality, , WHO b 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva; (2006) The World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health, , WHO World Health Organization, Geneva; (2015) Anticipating Emerging Infectious Disease Epidemics, , https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/252646/WHO-OHE-PED-2016.2-eng.pdf, WHO World Health Organization, Geneva; (2019) National Systems to Support Drinking-Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Global Status Report 2019. UN-Water global analysis and assessment of sanitation and drinking water (GLAAS) 2019 report, , WHO World Health Organization, Geneva; (2020) Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Advice for the Public, , www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public, WHO; (2019) WaSH in Health Care Facilities: Global Baseline Report 2019, , WHO & UNICEF World Health Organization, Geneva; Wolf, J., Johnston, R, Freeman, M. C, Ram, P. K., Slaymaker, T, Laurenz, E., Prüss-Ustün, A., Handwashing with soap after potential faecal contact: global, regional and country estimates (2019) International Journal of Epidemiology, 48 (4), pp. 1204-1218; Wolfe, M. K., Gallandat, K., Daniels, K., Desmarais, A. M., Scheinman, P., Lantagne, D., Handwashing and Ebola virus disease outbreaks: a randomized comparison of soap, hand sanitizer, and 0.05% chlorine solutions on the inactivation and removal of model organisms phi6 and E. coli from hands and persistence in rinse water (2017) PLoS ONE, 12 (2), p. e0172734; Wu, Y., Guo, C, Tang, L., Hong, Z., Zhou, J., Dong, X., Yin, H, Qu, X., Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples (2020) The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 5 (5), pp. 434-435; Wu, F., Xiao, A., Zhang, G W., Kauffman, K., Hanage, W., Matus, M., Ghaeli, N, Alm, E., SARS-CoV-2 titres in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases (2020) medRxiv; Xu, Y, Li, X., Zhu, B., Liang, H, Fang, C, Gong, Y, Guo, Q., Shen, J., Characteristics of paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding (2020) Nature Medicine, 26 (4), pp. 502-505; Yepes, G, (1999) Do Cross - Subsidies Help the Poor to Benefit From Water and Wastewater Services? Lessons From Guayaquil, , WSP-World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; Yu, I., Li, Y, Wong, T W., Tam, W., Chan, A. T Y, Lee, J. H. W., Leung, Y C, Ho, T, Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (2004) New England Journal of Medicine, 350 (17), pp. 1731-1739 PY - 2020 SN - 14778920 (ISSN) SP - 613-630 ST - COVID-19: Urgent actions, critical reflections and future relevance of 'WaSH': Lessons for the current and future pandemics T2 - Journal of Water and Health TI - COVID-19: Urgent actions, critical reflections and future relevance of 'WaSH': Lessons for the current and future pandemics UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089655940&doi=10.2166%2fwh.2020.162&partnerID=40&md5=489f45d93dbbe8a8c6fe90bc9a414cb8 VL - 18 ID - 351 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic placed hygiene at the centre of disease prevention. Yet, access to the levels of water supply that support good hand hygiene and institutional cleaning, our understanding of hygiene behaviours, and access to soap are deficient in low-, middle-and high-income countries. This paper reviews the role of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) in disease emergence, previous outbreaks, combatting COVID-19 and in preparing for future pandemics. We consider settings where these factors are particularly important and identify key preventive contributions to disease control and gaps in the evidence base. Urgent substantial action is required to remedy deficiencies in WaSH, particularly the provision of reliable, continuous piped water on-premises for all households and settings. Hygiene promotion programmes, underpinned by behavioural science, must be adapted to high-risk populations (such as the elderly and marginalised) and settings (such as healthcare facilities, transport hubs and workplaces). WaSH must be better integrated into preparation plans and with other sectors in prevention efforts. More finance and better use of financing instruments would extend and improve WaSH services. The lessons outlined justify no-regrets investment by government in response to and recovery from the current pandemic; to improve day-to-day lives and as preparedness for future pandemics. © 2020 The Authors. AD - Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil Department for Health and Wellbeing, Adelaide, SA, Australia Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of AlbertaAB, Canada Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia Environmental and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa AU - Howard, G. AU - Bartram, J. AU - Brocklehurst, C. AU - Colford, J. M., Jr. AU - Costa, F. AU - Cunliffe, D. AU - Dreibelbis, R. AU - Eisenberg, J. N. S. AU - Evans, B. AU - Girones, R. AU - Hrudey, S. AU - Willetts, J. AU - Wright, C. Y. DB - Scopus DO - 10.2166/washdev.2020.218 IS - 3 J2 - J. Water Sanit. Hyg. Develop. KW - Coronavirus COVID-19 Hygiene Pandemics WaSH Water Behavioral research Investments Water supply Behavioural science Critical reflections Disease prevention Healthcare facility Role of water Disease control disease spread epidemic future prospect sanitation LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Howard, G.; Department of Civil Engineering, United Kingdom; email: guy.howard@bristol.ac.uk References: Adams, J., Bartram, J., Chartier, Y., (2008) Essential Environmental Health Standards in Health Care, , https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/ehs_hc/en/, World Health Organization, Geneva; Ahmed, W., Angel, N., Edson, J., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., O'Brien, J. W., Choi, P. M., Mueller, J. F., First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: a proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community (2020) Science of the Total Environment, 748; Allen, T., Murray, K. A., Zambrana-Torrelio, C., Morse, S. S., Rondinini, C., Di Marco, M., Breit, N., Daszak, P., Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases (2017) Nature Communications, 8, p. 1124; Andres, L. A., Thibert, M., Cordoba, C. L., Danilenko, A. V., Joseph, G., Borja-Vega, C., (2019) Doing More with Less: Smarter Subsidies for Water Supply and Sanitation, , World Bank, Washington, DC; Ashraf, S., Nizame, F. A., Islam, M., Dutta, N. C., Yeasim, D., Akhter, S., Abedin, J., Luby, S., Nonrandomized trial of feasibility and acceptability of strategies for promotion of soapy water as a handwashing agent in rural Bangladesh (2017) American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 96 (2), pp. 421-429; Azor-Martínez, E., Gonzalez-Jimenez, Y., Seijas-Vazquez, M. L., Cobos-Carrascosa, E., Santisteban-Martínez, J., Martínez-López, J. M., Jimenez-Noguera, E., Gimenez-Sanchez, F., The impact of common infections on school absenteeism during an academic year (2014) American Journal of Infection Control, 42 (6), pp. 632-637; Banner-Shackelford, B., Cronk, R., Behnke, N., Cooper, B., D’Souza, M., Tu, R., Bartram, J., Jaff, D., Environmental health in forced displacement: a systematic scoping review of the emergency phase (2020) Science of the Total Environment, 714, p. 136553; Behnke, N., Cronk, R., Snel, M., Moffa, M., Tu, R., Banner, B., Folz, C., Bartram, J., Improving environmental conditions for involuntarily displaced populations: water, sanitation, and hygiene in orphanages, prisons, and refugee and IDP settlements (2018) Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 8 (4), pp. 785-791; Behnke, N., Cronk, R., Banner, B., Cooper, B., Tu, R., Heller, L., Bartram, J., Environmental health conditions in protracted displacement: a systematic scoping review (2020) Science of the Total Environment, 726, p. 138234; Berendes, D. M., Yang, P. J., Lai, A., Hu, D., Brown, J., Estimation of global recoverable human and animal faecal biomass (2018) Nature Sustainability, 1, pp. 679-685; Bi, Q., Wu, Y., Mei, S., Ye, C., Zou, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, X., Fe, T., Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet Infectious Disease; Brauer, M., Zhao, J. T., Bennitt, F. B., Stanaway, J. D., Global access to handwashing: implications for COVID-19 control in low-income countries (2020) Environmental Health Perspectives, 128 (5); Brook, P., Smith, W., (2001) Improving Access to Infrastructure Services by the Poor: Institutional and Policy Responses, , World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; Caris, M. G., Labuschagne, H. A., Dekker, M., Kramer, M. H. H., van Agtmael, M. A., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M. J. E., Nudging to improve hand hygiene (2018) Journal of Hospital Infection, 98 (4), pp. 352-358; Carroll, D., Daszak, P., Wolfe, N. D., Gao, G. F., Morel, C. M., Morzaria, S., Pablos-Méndez, A., Mazet, J. A. K., The global virome project (2018) Science, 359 (6378), pp. 872-874; Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S. C., Di Napoli, R., (2020) Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19), , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776, StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island, FL. [Updated 6 April 2020]; Chin, A. W. H., Chu, J. T. S., Perera, M. R. A., Hui, K. P. Y., Yen, H.-L., Chan, M. C. W., Peiris, M., Poon, L. L. M., Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions (2020) Lancet Microbe; Contzen, N., Meili, I. H., Mosler, H.-J., Changing handwashing behaviour in southern Ethiopia: a longitudinal study on infrastructural and commitment interventions (2015) Social Science and Medicine, 124, pp. 103-114; Cooper, B., Cronk, R., Behnke, N. L., Anthonj, C., Shackelford, B. B., Tu, R., Bartram, J., Environmental health conditions in the transitional stage of forcible displacement: a systematic scoping review Science of the Total Environment, , (submitted); Costa, F., Carvalho-Pereira, T., Begon, M., Riley, L., Childs, J., Zoonotic and vector-borne diseases in urban slums: opportunities for intervention (2017) Trends in Parasitology, 33 (9), pp. 660-662; Cotruvo, J. A., Dufour, A., Rees, G., Bartram, J., Carr, R., Cliver, D. O., Craun, G. F., Gannon, V. P. J., (2004) Waterborne Zoonoses: Identification, Causes and Control, p. 560. , (eds) IWA Publishing, London and WHO, Geneva; Coultas, M., Iyer, R., Myers, J., (2020) Handwashing Compendium for Low Resource Settings: A Living Document, , Edition 1, The Sanitation Learning Hub. IDS, Brighton; Cronk, R., Bartram, J., (2015) Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Health Care Facilities: Status in Low-and Middle-Income Countries and Way Forward, , https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/wash-health-care-facilities, World Health Organization, Geneva; Cronk, R., Bartram, J., Environmental conditions in health care facilities in low-and middle-income countries: coverage and inequalities (2018) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 221 (3), pp. 409-422; Cronk, R., Slaymaker, T., Bartram, J., Monitoring drinking-water sanitation and hygiene in non-household settings: priorities for policy and practice (2015) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 218, pp. 694-703; de Groot, R., Palermo, T., Handa, S., Ragno, L. P., Peterman, A., Cash transfers and child nutrition: pathways and impacts (2017) Development Policy Review, 35, pp. 621-643; D’Mello-Guyett, L., Gallandat, K., Van den Bergh, R., Taylor, D., Bulit, G., Legros, D., Maes, P., Cumming, O., Prevention and control of cholera with household and community water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) interventions: a scoping review of current international guidelines (2020) PLoS One, 15 (1), p. e0226549; Dufour, A., Bartram, J., Bos, R., Gannon, V., (2012) Animal Waste, Water Quality and Human Health, , (eds) IWA Publishing, London, on behalf of the World Health Organization; Faye, O., Boëlle, P.-Y., Heleze, E., Faye, O., Loucouber, C., Magassouba, N., Soropogue, B., Cauchemez, S., Chains of transmission and control of Ebola virus disease in Conakry, Guinea, in 2014: an observational study (2015) Lancet Infectious Disease, 15, pp. 320-326; Fernald, L. C. H., Gertler, P. J., Neufeld, L. M., Role of cash in conditional cash transfer programmes for child health, growth, and development: an analysis of Mexico’s oportunidades (2008) Lancet, 371 (9615), pp. 828-837; Fernald, L. C. H., Gertler, P. C. J., Neufeld, L. M., 10-year effect of oportunidades, Mexico’s conditional cash transfer programme, on child growth, cognition, language, and behaviour: a longitudinal follow-up study (2009) Lancet, 374 (9706), pp. 1997-2005; Foster, V., Gomez-Lobo, A., Halpern, J., (2000) Designing Direct Subsidies for the Poor – A Water and Sanitation Case Study. Note No. 211. Public Policy for the Private Sector, , The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; Foster, V., Pattanayak, S., Stalker-Prokopy, L., (2002) Distributional Incidence of Current and Potential Water tariffs and Subsidies in Bangalore, India and Kathmandu, Nepal, , WSP World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; Foster, T., Furey, S., Banks, B., Willetts, J., Functionality of handpump water supplies: a review of data from sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia-Pacific region (2019) International Journal of Water Resources Development; Fung, I. C.-H., Cairncross, S., Effectiveness of handwashing in preventing SARS: a review (2006) Tropical Medicine and International Health, 11 (11), pp. 1749-1758; Godoy, P., Castilla, J., Delgado-Rodríguez, M., Martín, V., Soldevila, N., Alonso, J., Astray, J., Domínguez, A., Effectiveness of hand hygiene and provision of information in preventing influenza cases requiring hospitalization (2012) Preventive Medicine, 54 (6), pp. 434-439; Grais, R. F., Ellis, J. H., Glass, G. E., Assessing the impact of airline travel on the geographic spread of pandemic influenza (2020) European Journal of Epidemiology, 18 (11), pp. 1065-1072; Grover, E., Hossain, M. K., Uddin, S., Venkatesh, M., Ram, P. K., Dreibelbis, R., Comparing the behavioural impact of a nudge-based handwashing intervention to high-intensity hygiene education: a cluster-randomised trial in rural Bangladesh (2018) Tropical Medicine and International Health, 23 (1), pp. 10-25; Guo, W., Cronk, R., Scherer, E., Oommen, R., Brogan, J., Sarr, M. M., Bartram, J., A systematic review of environmental health conditions in penal institutions (2019) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222 (5), pp. 790-803; Hamlin, C., (1998) Public Health and Social Justice in the Age of Chadwick, , Cambridge University Press, UK; Hellewell, J., Abbott, S., Gimma, A., Bosse, N. I., Jarvis, C. I., Russell, T. W., Munday, J. D., Edmunds, W. J., Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 Working GroupFunk, S. & Eggo, R. M. 2020 Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts Lancet Global Health, 8 (4), pp. e488-e496; Hovi, T., Stenvik, M., Partenan, H., Kangas, A., Poliovirus surveillance by examining sewage specimens. quantitative recovery of virus after introduction into sewerage at remote upstream location (2001) Epidemiology and Infection, 127, pp. 101-106; Howard, G., Bartram, J., (2003) Domestic Water Quantity, Service Level and Health, , World Health Organization, Sustainable Development and Healthy Environments, SDE/WSH/03.02, Geneva, Switzerland; Howard, G., Bartram, J., Williams, A. R., Overbo, A., Geere, J.-A., Fuente, D., press Domestic Water Quantity, Accessibility and Health, , 2nd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva; Hrudey, S. E., Hrudey, E. J., (2004) Safe Drinking Water – Lessons From Recent Outbreaks in Affluent Nations, p. 514. , IWA Publishing, London; IES 2020 IES Committee Report: Germicidal Ultraviolet (GUV) – Frequently Asked Questions, , https://www.igvlift.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/IES-CR-2-20-V1-6d-1.pdf, Illuminating Engineering Society; Janes, C., Corbet, K. K., Jones, J. H., Trostle, J., Emerging infectious diseases: the role of social sciences (2012) The Lancet, 380 (9857), pp. P1884-P1886; Jones, K. E., Patel, N. G., Levy, M. A., Storeygard, A., Balk, D., Gittleman, J. L., Daszak, P., Global trends in emerging infectious diseases (2008) Nature, 451 (7181), pp. 990-993; Kamar, N., Dalton, H. R., Abravanel, F., Izopet, J., Hepatitis E virus infection (2014) Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 27 (1), pp. 116-138; Kratzel, A., Todt, D., V’kovski, P., Steiner, S., Gultom, M. L., Thao, T. T. N., Ebert, N., Pfaender, S., Efficient inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by WHO-recommended hand rub formulations and alcohols (2020) BioRxiv; Kumar, S., Loughman, L., Luyendijk, R., Hernandez, O., Weinger, M., Arnold, F., Ram, P. K., Handwashing in 51 countries: analysis of proxy measures of handwashing behavior in multiple indicator cluster surveys and demographic and health surveys, 2010–2013 (2017) The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 97 (2), pp. 447-459; Kumpel, E., Nelson, K. L., Intermittent water supply: prevalence, practice, and microbial water quality (2016) Environmental Science and Technology, 50, pp. 542-553; Kurdi, S., Fugueroa, J. L., Ibrahim, H., Nutritional training in a humanitarian context: evidence from a cluster randomized trial (2020) Maternal and Child Nutrition, p. e12973; Langford, M., Bartram, J., Roaf, V., Revisiting dignity: the human right to sanitation (2017) The Human Right to Water: Theory, Practice and Prospects, , (M. Langford & A. Russell, eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; Laurencin, C. T., McClinton, A., The COVID-19 pandemic: a call to action to identify and address racial and ethnic disparities (2020) Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 18, pp. 1-5; Lee, K., Dodgson, R., Globalization and cholera: implications for global governance (2000) Global Governance, 6 (2), pp. 213-236; Leung, K., Wu, J. Y., Liu, D., Leung, G. M., First-wave COVID-19 transmissibility and severity in China outside hubei after control measures, and second-Wave scenario planning: a modelling impact assessment (2020) Lancet, 395 (10233), pp. 1382-1393; Li, X., Zai, J., Zhao, Q., Nie, Q., Li, Y., Foley, B. T., Chaillon, A., Evolutionary history, potential intermediate animal host, and cross-species analyses of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Journal of Medical Virology, 92, pp. 602-611; Lomeli, E. V., Conditional cash transfers as social policy in Latin America: an assessment of their contributions and limitations (2008) Annual Review of Sociology, 34, pp. 475-499; Luby, S. P., Agboatwalla, M., Feikin, D. R., Painter, J., Billhimer, W., Altaf, A., Hoekstra, R. M., Effect of hand washing on children’s health: a randomised controlled trial (2005) Lancet, 366, pp. 225-233; MacKenzie, W. R., Hoxie, N. J., Proctor, M. E., Gradus, S., Blair, K. A., Peterson, D. E., Kazmeirczak, J. J., Davies, J. P., A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply (1994) New England Journal of Medicine, 331 (3), pp. 161-167; Majuru, B., Suhrcke, M., Hunter, P. R., How do households respond to unreliable water supplies? A systematic review (2016) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13 (12), p. 1222; Mbakaya, B. C., Lee, P. H., Lee, R. L. T., Hand hygiene intervention strategies to reduce diarrhoea and respiratory infections among schoolchildren in developing countries: a systematic review (2017) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14 (4), p. 371; McKinney, K. R., Yu, Y. G., Lewis, T. G., Environmental transmission of SARS at amoy gardens (2006) J. Environ. Health, 68 (9), pp. 26-30; Medema, G., Heijnen, L., Elsinga, G., Italiaander, R., Brouwer, A., Presence of SARS-Coronavirus–2 RNA in sewage and correlation with reported COVID-19 prevalence in the early stage of the epidemic in the Netherlands (2020) Environmental Science & Technology Letters; Merk, H., Kühlmann-Berenzon, S., Linde, A., Nyrén, O., Associations of hand-Washing frequency with incidence of acute respiratory tract infection and influenza-Like illness in adults: a population-based study in Sweden (2014) BMC Infectious Disease, 14, p. 509; Mhalu, F. S., Mtango, F. D. E., Msengi, E., Hospital outbreaks of cholera transmitted through close person-to-Person contact (1984) Lancet, 324 (8394), pp. 82-84; Moffa, M., Cronk, R., Padilla, L., Fejfar, D., Dancausse, S., Bartram, J., A systematic review of environmental health conditions and hygiene behaviors in homeless shelters (2018) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222 (3), pp. 335-346; Moffa, M., Cronk, R., Fejfar, D., Dancausse, S., Padilla, L., Bartram, J., A systematic scoping review of hygiene behaviors and environmental health conditions in institutional care settings for orphaned and abandoned children (2019) Science of the Total Environment, 658, pp. 1161-1174; Morens, D. M., Fauci, A. S., Emerging infectious diseases: threats to human health and global stability (2013) PLoS Pathology, 9 (7), p. e1003467; Morse, S. S., Mazet, J. A., Woolhouse, M., Parrish, C. R., Carroll, D., Karesh, W. B., Zambrana-Torrelio, C., Daszak, P., Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis (2012) Lancet, 380 (9857), pp. 1956-1965; Mostert, C. M., Vall Castello, J., Long run educational and spillover effects of unconditional cash transfers: evidence from South Africa (2020) Economics and Human Biology, 36, p. 100817; Nemudryi, A., Nemudraia, A., Surya, K., Wiegand, T., Buyukyoruk, M., Wilkinson, R., Wiedenheft, B., Temporal detection and phylogenetic assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater (2020) medRxiv; (2020), https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25794, OHCHR; Plowright, R. K., Parrish, C. R., McCallum, H., Hudson, P. J., Ko, A. I., Graham, A. L., Lloyd-Smith, J. O., Pathways to zoonotic spillover (2017) Nature Reviews Microbiology, 15 (8), pp. 502-510; Prendergast, A. J., Gharpure, R., Mor, S., Viney, M., Dube, K., Lello, J., Berger, C., Berendes, D., Putting the ‘A’ into WaSH: a call for integrated management of water, animals, sanitation, and hygiene (2019) Lancet Planetary Health, 3 (8), pp. e336-e337; Prüss-Ustün, A., Wolf, J., Bartram, J., Clasen, T., Cumming, O., Freemanc, M. C., Gordon, B., Johnston, R., Burden of disease from inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene for selected adverse health outcomes: an updated analysis with a focus on low and middle-income countries (2019) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 222, pp. 765-777; Rabie, T., Curtis, V., Handwashing and risk of respiratory infections: a quantitative systematic review (2006) Tropical Medicine and International Health, 11 (3), pp. 258-267; (2020) The Financial Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on U.S. Drinking Water Utilities. Report prepared for the American Water Works Association and the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies, , https://aquadoc.typepad.com/files/awwa-covid-report_2020-04_final.pdf, Raftelis; Randazzo, W., Truchado, P., Cuevas-Ferrando, E., Simón, P., Allende, A., Sánchez, G., SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area (2020) Water Research; Rehfuess, E. A., Bruce, N., Bartram, J. K., More health for your buck: health sector functions to secure environmental health (2009) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 87 (11), pp. 880-882; Renzaho, A., Chitekwe, S., Chen, W., Rijal, S., Dhakal, T., Chikazaza, I. R., Dahal, P., Impact of a multidimensional child cash grant programme on water, sanitation and hygiene in Nepal (2018) Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 8 (3), pp. 520-532; Renzaho, A. M. N., Chen, W., Rijal, S., Dahal, P., Chikazaza, I. R., Dhakal, T., Chitek, S., The impact of unconditional child cash grant on child malnutrition and its immediate and underlying causes in five districts of the karnali zone, Nepal – A trend analysis (2019) Archives of Public Health, 77, p. 24; Ruan, S., Wang, W., Levin, S. A., The effect of global travel on the spread of SARS (2005) Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 3 (1), pp. 205-218; Saunders-Hastings, P., Crispo, J. A. G., Sikora, L., Krewskia, D., Effectiveness of personal protective measures in reducing pandemic influenza transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) Epidemics, 20, pp. 1-20; Simmerman, J. M., Suntarattiwong, P., Levy, J., Jarman, R. G., Kaewchana, S., Gibbons, R. V., Cowling, B. J., Chotipitayasunondh, T., Findings from a household randomized controlled trial of hand washing and face masks to reduce influenza transmission in Bangkok, Thailand (2011) Influenza and Other Respiratory Diseases, 5 (4), pp. 256-267; (2019) Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2018, , https://www.unhcr.org/5d08d7ee7.pdf, UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva; (2018) Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Schools: Global Baseline Report 2018, , UNICEF & WHO United Nations, New York; (2019) Progress on Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 2000–2017. Special Focus on Inequalities, , UNICEF & WHO United Nations, New York; United Nations 2020 COVID-19 and Human Rights We Are All in This Together, , https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un_policy_brief_on_human_rights_and_covid_23_april_2020.pdf; Vuorinen, V., Aarnio, M., Alava, M., Alopaeus, V., Atanasova, N., Auvinen, M., Balasubramanian, N., Österberg, M., Modelling aerosol transport and virus exposure with numerical simulations in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by inhalation indoors (2020) Safety Science, 130; Wang, R. J., Li, J. Q., Chen, Y. C., Zhang, L. X., Xiao, L. H., Widespread occurrence of cryptosporidium infections in patients with HIV/AIDS: epidemiology, clinical feature, diagnosis, and therapy (2018) Acta Tropica, 187, pp. 257-263; Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., Tan, W., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) Journal of the American Medical Association, 323 (18), pp. 1843-1844; White, S., Hasund, A., Dreibelebis, T. R., Curtis, V., The determinants of handwashing behaviour in domestic settings: an integrative systematic review (2020) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 227, p. 113512; (2003) Emerging Issues in Water and Infectious Disease, , https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42751, WHO a World Health Organization, Geneva; (2003) Guidelines From Drinking-Water Quality, , WHO b 3rd edn. World Health Organization, Geneva; (2006) The World Health Report 2006: Working Together for Health, , WHO World Health Organization, Geneva; (2015) Anticipating Emerging Infectious Disease Epidemics, , https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/252646/WHO-OHE-PED-2016.2-eng.pdf, WHO World Health Organization, Geneva; (2019) National Systems to Support Drinking-Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Global Status Report 2019. UN-Water global analysis and assessment of sanitation and drinking water (GLAAS) 2019 report, , WHO World Health Organization, Geneva; (2020) Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Advice for the Public, , www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public, WHO; (2019) WaSH in Health Care Facilities: Global Baseline Report 2019, , WHO & UNICEF World Health Organization, Geneva; Wolf, J., Johnston, R., Freeman, M. C., Ram, P. K., Slaymaker, T., Laurenz, E., Prüss-Ustün, A., Handwashing with soap after potential faecal contact: global, regional and country estimates (2019) International Journal of Epidemiology, 48 (4), pp. 1204-1218; Wolfe, M. K., Gallandat, K., Daniels, K., Desmarais, A. M., Scheinman, P., Lantagne, D., Handwashing and ebola virus disease outbreaks: a randomized comparison of soap, hand sanitizer, and 0.05% chlorine solutions on the inactivation and removal of model organisms phi6 and E. coli from hands and persistence in rinse water (2017) PLoS ONE, 12 (2), p. e0172734; Wu, Y., Guo, C., Tang, L., Hong, Z., Zhou, J., Dong, X., Yin, H., Qu, X., Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples (2020) The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 5 (5), pp. 434-435; Wu, F., Xiao, A., Zhang, G. W., Kauffman, K., Hanage, W., Matus, M., Ghaeli, N., Alm, E., SARS-CoV-2 titres in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases (2020) medRxiv; Xu, Y., Li, X., Zhu, B., Liang, H., Fang, C., Gong, Y., Guo, Q., Shen, J., Characteristics of paediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding (2020) Nature Medicine, 26 (4), pp. 502-505; Yepes, G., (1999) Do Cross – Subsidies Help the Poor to Benefit From Water and Wastewater Services? Lessons From Guayaquil, , WSP-World Bank, Washington, DC, USA; Yu, I., Li, Y., Wong, T. W., Tam, W., Chan, A. T. Y., Lee, J. H. W., Leung, Y. C., Ho, T., Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (2004) New England Journal of Medicine, 350 (17), pp. 1731-1739 PY - 2020 SN - 20439083 (ISSN) SP - 379-396 ST - COVID-19: Urgent actions, critical reflections and future relevance of ‘WaSH’: Lessons for the current and future pandemics T2 - Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development TI - COVID-19: Urgent actions, critical reflections and future relevance of ‘WaSH’: Lessons for the current and future pandemics UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089772819&doi=10.2166%2fwashdev.2020.218&partnerID=40&md5=f0c4a209736e16165e5fa37c88cbf75a VL - 10 ID - 559 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While we are still learning more about COVID-19, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, finding alternative and already available methods to reduce the risk and severity of the disease is paramount. One such option is vitamin D, in the form of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation, due to its potential antiviral properties. It has become apparent that older individuals have a greater risk of developing severe COVID-19, and compared to younger adults, the elderly have lower levels of vitamin D due to a variety of biological and behavioral factors. Older adults are also more likely to be diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD), with advanced age being the single greatest risk factor. In addition to its immune-system-modulating effects, it has been suggested that vitamin D supplementation plays a role in slowing PD progression and improving PD-related quality of life. We completed a review of the literature to determine the relationship between vitamin D, PD, and COVID-19. We concluded that the daily supplementation of 2000-5000 IU/day of vitamin D3 in older adults with PD has the potential to slow the progression of PD while also potentially offering additional protection against COVID-19. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AD - Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27759, United States Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3EG, United Kingdom AU - Hribar, C. A. AU - Cobbold, P. H. AU - Church, F. C. C7 - 284 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/brainsci10050284 IS - 5 J2 - Brain Sci. KW - Antiviral Cholecalciferol COVID-19 Elderly Neurodegeneration Parkinson’s disease SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics Vitamin D angiotensin converting enzyme 2 calcifediol colecalciferol gamma interferon interleukin 10 interleukin 2 interleukin 6 toll like receptor tumor necrosis factor adaptive immunity antioxidant activity antiviral activity body weight loss calcium homeostasis capillary permeability cell junction confusion constipation coronavirus disease 2019 disease exacerbation disease predisposition disorientation dopaminergic nerve cell drug safety fatigue gastrointestinal symptom heart arrhythmia human immune response innate immunity loss of appetite nausea nonhuman osteoporosis oxidative stress Parkinson disease Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 side effect virus resistance vitamin D deficiency vitamin supplementation vomiting weakness LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :20 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Church, F.C.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United States; email: fchurch@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: calcifediol, 19356-17-3; colecalciferol, 1406-16-2, 67-97-0; gamma interferon, 82115-62-6; interleukin 2, 85898-30-2; toll like receptor, 409141-78-2 Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC Funding text 1: Acknowledgments: F.C.C. gratefully acknowledges Russell R. Broaddus, Department Chair, in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at UNC School of Medicine, for continued support of his Parkinson’s disease scholarship. References: Sun, P., Lu, X., Xu, C., Sun, W., Pan, B., Understanding of COVID-19 based on current evidence (2020) J. Med. Virol.; Chen, H., Guo, J., Wang, C., Luo, F., Yu, X., Zhang, W., Li, J., Gong, Q., Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: A retrospective review of medical records (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 809-815; Jiang, F., Deng, L., Zhang, L., Cai, Y., Cheung, C.W., Xia, Z., Review of the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) J. Gen. Intern. Med., pp. 1-5; Canna, S.W., Behrens, E.M., Making sense of the cytokine storm: A conceptual framework for understanding, diagnosing, and treating hemophagocytic syndromes (2012) Pediatr. Clin., 59, pp. 329-344; Holick, M.F., Vitamin D: A millenium perspective (2003) J. Cell. Biochem., 88, pp. 296-307; Holick, M.F., Vitamin D deficiency (2007) N. Engl. J. Med., 357, pp. 266-281; Wacker, M., Holick, M.F., Sunlight and Vitamin D: A global perspective for health (2013) Derm. Endocrinol., 5, pp. 51-108; Boucher, B.J., The problems of vitamin d insufficiency in older people (2012) Aging Dis, 3, p. 313; Meehan, M., Penckofer, S., The role of vitamin D in the aging adult (2014) J. Aging Gerontol., 2, p. 60; Grant, W.B., Holick, M.F., Benefits and requirements of vitamin D for optimal health: A review (2005) Altern. Med. Rev., 10, pp. 94-111; Ding, H., Dhima, K., Lockhart, K.C., Locascio, J.J., Hoesing, A.N., Duong, K., Trisini-Lipsanopoulos, A., Wills, A.-M., Unrecognized vitamin D3 deficiency is common in Parkinson disease: Harvard Biomarker Study (2013) Neurology, 81, pp. 1531-1537; Peterson, A.L., Murchison, C., Zabetian, C., Leverenz, J.B., Watson, G., Montine, T., Carney, N., Quinn, J.F., Memory, mood, and vitamin D in persons with Parkinson’s disease (2013) J. Parkinson’s Dis., 3, pp. 547-555; Kalia, L., Lang, A.D., (2015) Lancet, 386, pp. 896-912; Ahlskog, J.E., (2015) The New Parkinson’s Disease Treatment Book: Partnering with Your Doctor to Get the Most from Your Medications, , Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK; Poewe, W., Seppi, K., Tanner, C.M., Halliday, G.M., Brundin, P., Volkmann, J., Schrag, A.-E., Lang, A.E., Parkinson disease (2017) Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim., 3; Simon, D.K., Tanner, C.M., Brundin, P., Parkinson Disease Epidemiology, Pathology, Genetics, and Pathophysiology (2020) Clin. Geriatr. Med, 36, pp. 1-12; Ahlskog, J.E., Cheaper, simpler, and better: Tips for treating seniors with Parkinson disease (2011) Mayo Clinic Proceedings, pp. 1211-1216. , Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands,; pp; Connolly, B.S., Lang, A.E., Pharmacological treatment of Parkinson disease: A review (2014) JAMA, 311, pp. 1670-1683; Espay, A.J., Lang, A.E., Common myths in the use of levodopa in Parkinson disease: When clinical trials misinform clinical practice (2017) JAMA Neurol, 74, pp. 633-634; Spindler, M.A., Tarsy, D., (2019) Initial Pharmacologic Treatment of Parkinson Disease, , https://www.uptodate.com/contents/initial-pharmacologic-treatment-of-parkinson-disease; Latt, M.D., Lewis, S., Zekry, O., Fung, V.S., Factors to consider in the selection of dopamine agonists for older persons with Parkinson’s disease (2019) Drugs Aging, 36, pp. 189-202; Tosur, Z., Green, D., de Chavez, P.J., Knutson, K.L., Goldberger, J.J., Zee, P., Liu, K., Carnethon, M.R., The association between sleep characteristics and prothrombotic markers in a population-based sample: Chicago Area Sleep Study (2014) Sleep Med, 15, pp. 973-978; Zesiewicz, T.A., Bezchlibnyk, Y., Dohse, N., Ghanekar, S.D., Management of Early Parkinson Disease (2019) Clin. Geriatr. Med., 35, pp. 36-41; Crowley, E.K., Nolan, Y.M., Sullivan, A.M., Exercise as therapy for Parkinson’s? (2018) Aging, 10, p. 1536; Crowley, E.K., Nolan, Y.M., Sullivan, A.M., Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: Evidence from rodent models (2019) Prog. Neurobiol., 172, pp. 2-22; Ellis, T., Rochester, L., Mobilizing Parkinson’s disease: The future of exercise (2018) J. Parkinson’s Dis., 8, pp. S95-S100; Paillard, T., Rolland, Y., de Souto Barreto, P., Protective effects of physical exercise in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: A narrative review (2015) J. Clin. Neurol., 11, pp. 212-219; van der Kolk, N.M., de Vries, N.M., Kessels, R.P., Joosten, H., Zwinderman, A.H., Post, B., Bloem, B.R., Effectiveness of home-based and remotely supervised aerobic exercise in Parkinson’s disease: A double-blind, randomised controlled trial (2019) Lancet Neurol, 18, pp. 998-1008; Hall, M.-F.E., Church, F.C., Integrative Medicine and Health Therapy for Parkinson Disease (2020) Top. Geriatr. Rehabil., , in press; Kim, S.-N., Wang, X., Park, H.-J., Integrative Approach to Parkinson’s Disease (2019) Front. Aging Neurosci., 11, p. 339; Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O’Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, R., World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) Int. J. Surg., 76, pp. 71-76; Beard, J.A., Bearden, A., Striker, R., Vitamin D and the anti-viral state (2011) J. Clin. Virol., 50, pp. 194-200; Gruber-Bzura, B.M., Vitamin D and Influenza—Prevention or Therapy? (2018) Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19, p. 2419; Bryson, K., Nash, A., Norval, M., Does vitamin D protect against respiratory viral infections? (2014) Epidemiol. Infect., 142, pp. 1789-1801; Gal-Tanamy, M., Bachmetov, L., Ravid, A., Koren, R., Erman, A., Tur-Kaspa, R., Zemel, R., Vitamin D: An innate antiviral agent suppressing hepatitis C virus in human hepatocytes (2011) Hepatology, 54, pp. 1570-1579; Grant, W.B., Lahore, H., McDonnell, S.L., Baggerly, C.A., French, C.B., Aliano, J.L., Bhattoa, H.P., Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths (2020) Nutrients, 12, p. 988; Kumar, A., Singh, M.P., Kumar, R.S., Ratho, R.K., 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 as an antiviral and immunomodulator against herpes simplex virus-1 infection in HeLa cells (2018) Viral Immunol, 31, pp. 589-593; Sleeman, I., Aspray, T., Lawson, R., Coleman, S., Duncan, G., Khoo, T.K., Schoenmakers, I., Yarnall, A., The role of vitamin D in disease progression in early Parkinson’s disease (2017) J. Parkinson’s Dis., 7, pp. 669-675; Telcian, A.G., Zdrenghea, M.T., Edwards, M.R., Laza-Stanca, V., Mallia, P., Johnston, S.L., Stanciu, L.A., Vitamin D increases the antiviral activity of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro (2017) Antivir. Res., 137, pp. 93-101; Teymoori-Rad, M., Shokri, F., Salimi, V., Marashi, S.M., The interplay between vitamin D and viral infections (2019) Rev. Med. Virol., 29; Zhou, Y.-F., Luo, B.-A., Qin, L.-L., The association between vitamin D deficiency and community-acquired pneumonia: A meta-analysis of observational studies (2019) Medicine, 98; Hong, M., Xiong, T., Huang, J., Wu, Y., Lin, L., Zhang, Z., Huang, L., Kang, C., Association of vitamin D supplementation with respiratory tract infection in infants (2020) Matern. Child Nutr.; Glinsky, G., Harnessing powers of genomics to build molecular maps of coronavirus targets in human cells: A guide for existing drug repurposing and experimental studies identifying candidate therapeutics to mitigate the pandemic COVID-19 (2020) Chemrxiv; Glinsky, G.V., Genomics-Guided Tracing of Sars-Cov-2 Targets in Human Cells Identifies Vitamin D and Quercetin as Candidate Medicinal Agents for Mitigation of the Severity of Pandemic COVID-19, , http://iem.ucsd.edu/people/profiles/guennadi-v-glinskii.html, accessed on 3 May 2020; Jakovac, H., COVID-19 and vitamin D—Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention? (2020) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 318, p. E589; Arboleda, J., Urcuqui-Inchima, S., (2020) Vitamin D Supplementation: A Potential Approach for COVID-19 Therapeutics? 2020, , https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/cgd4t; Rashedi, J., Poor, B.M., Asgharzadeh, M., Vitamin D3 Administration to Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 (2020) Iran. J. Public Health, 49, pp. 141-142; Ghavideldarestani, M., Honardoost, M., Khamseh, M.E., (2020) Role of Vitamin D in Pathogenesis and Severity of COVID-19 Infection, , https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202004.0355/v1; Berridge, M.J., (2015) Vitamin D: A Custodian of Cell Signa Lling Stability in Health and Disease, , Portland Press Ltd.: London, UK; Baggerly, C.A., Cuomo, R.E., French, C.B., Garland, C.F., Gorham, E.D., Grant, W.B., Heaney, R.P., McDonnell, S.L., Sunlight and vitamin D: Necessary for public health (2015) J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 34, pp. 359-365 PY - 2020 SN - 20763425 (ISSN) ST - Potential role of vitamin d in the elderly to resist covid-19 and to slow progression of parkinson’s disease T2 - Brain Sciences TI - Potential role of vitamin d in the elderly to resist covid-19 and to slow progression of parkinson’s disease UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084469288&doi=10.3390%2fbrainsci10050284&partnerID=40&md5=6c7806cff44c72357a53eda29015a6a0 VL - 10 ID - 509 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective: To define the concept of value-based care in allergy, and to review challenges and opportunities in value-based health care delivery for allergists and immunologists. Data Sources: Articles describing practice variation, health care financing and reimbursement, shared decision-making, cost-effective health care delivery, patient-reported outcome measures, social determinants of health, and screening. Study Selections: A narrative review detailing concepts and approaches to improve value-based health care in the context of the Quadruple Aim to address the patient and physician experience, cost, and population health. Results: Efforts to improve cost-effective care can be informed by understanding unwarranted geographic practice variation and benchmarking best practices. Although evidence suggests that shared decision-making and addressing social determinants of health have critical roles in high-quality care, some practices such as routine laboratory screening for urticaria, premedication to prevent recurrent low- or iso-osmolar contrast reactions, extended observation of resolved anaphylaxis, food allergy screening, and penicillin allergy overdiagnosis have high costs in relation to overall societal benefit. Food allergy prevention, newborn screening for severe combined immune deficiency, and penicillin delabeling are examples of population-based opportunities in which allergists and immunologists can assist in creating health care value. Although efforts to incentivize value-based care have emerged in recent years, the degree to which process measures improve patient-important outcomes remain uncertain. Clinician wellness must be made a priority for continued effective practice. Conclusion: As health care systems continue to evolve, allergists and immunologists will play a key role in optimizing value by translating emerging evidence into practice and communicating novel approaches to prevent and treat allergic diseases. © 2020 AD - Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Section of Allergy and Immunology, Food Challenge and Research Unit, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States Section of Allergy and Immunology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Community and Family Medicine, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH, United States AU - Iglesia, E. G. A. AU - Greenhawt, M. AU - Shaker, M. S. C2 - 32289524 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.anai.2020.04.007 IS - 2 J2 - Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. KW - allergy anaphylaxis asthma benchmarking cost effectiveness analysis decision making drug labeling food allergy health care delivery health care financing health care quality health care system human immunologist laboratory test newborn screening patient care patient-reported outcome penicillin allergy personal experience population health premedication priority journal Review screening test severe combined immunodeficiency social determinants of health urticaria wellbeing clinical practice cost benefit analysis evidence based practice health care cost hypersensitivity procedures total quality management United States Cost-Benefit Analysis Delivery of Health Care Evidence-Based Practice Health Care Costs Humans Practice Patterns, Physicians' Quality Improvement LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ALAIF Correspondence Address: Shaker, M.S.; Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Dr, United States; email: marcus.s.shaker@hitchcock.org Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 5K08HS024599-02, 5T32AI007062 Funding details: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, AHRQ Funding text 1: Funding: Dr Iglesia is supported by NIH Award 5T32AI007062 . Dr Greenhawt is supported by grant #5K08HS024599-02 from the Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research. References: Sikka, R., Morath, J.M., Leape, L., The Quadruple Aim: care, health, cost and meaning in work (2015) BMJ Qual Saf, 24 (10), pp. 608-610; Nanda, A., Wasan, A., Sussman, J., Provider health and wellness (2017) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 5 (6), pp. 1543-1548; Bingemann, T., Sharma, H., Nanda, A., AAAAI Work Group Report. Physician wellness in allergy and immunology (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 8 (4), pp. 1224-1229; Bansal, P., Bingemann, T., Greenhawt, M., (2020), Clinician wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic: extraordinary times and unusual challenges for the allergist/immunologist [e-pub ahead of print]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract., accessed April 4; Westert, G.P., Groenewoud, S., Wennberg, J.E., Medical practice variation: public reporting a first necessary step to spark change (2018) Int J Qual Health Care, 30 (9), pp. 731-735; Shaker, M., Stukus, D., Chan, E.S., Fleischer, D.M., Spergel, J.M., Greenhawt, M., “To screen or not to screen”: comparing the health and economic benefits of early peanut introduction strategies in 5 countries (2018) Allergy, 73 (8), pp. 1707-1714; Sun, D., Cafone, J., Shaker, M., Greenhawt, M., The cost-effectiveness of requiring universal vs contextual self-injectable epinephrine autoinjector for allergen immunotherapy (2019) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 123 (6), pp. 582-589; Shaker, M., Oppenheimer, J., Wallace, D., (2020), Optimizing value in the evaluation of chronic spontaneous urticaria: A cost-effectiveness analysis [e-pub ahead of print]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract., accessed January 28; Shaker, M., Wallace, D., Golden, D.B.K., Oppenheimer, J., Greenhawt, M., Simulation of health and economic benefits of extended observation of resolved anaphylaxis (2019) JAMA Netw Open, 2 (10); Davenport, M.S., Mervak, B.M., Ellis, J.H., Dillman, J.R., Dunnick, N.R., Cohan, R.H., Indirect cost and harm attributable to oral 13-hour inpatient corticosteroid prophylaxis before contrast-enhanced CT (2016) Radiology, 279 (2), pp. 492-501; Shaker, M., Greenhawt, M., The health and economic outcomes of peanut allergy management practices (2018) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 6 (6), pp. 2073-2080; Shaker, M., Kanaoka, T., Feenan, L., Greenhawt, M., An economic evaluation of immediate vs non-immediate activation of emergency medical services after epinephrine use for peanut-induced anaphylaxis (2019) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 122 (1), pp. 79-85; Guyatt, G.H., Oxman, A.D., Vist, G.E., GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations (2008) BMJ, 336 (7650), pp. 924-926; Shaker, M., Bean, K., Verdi, M., Economic evaluation of epinephrine auto-injectors for peanut allergy (2017) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 119 (2), pp. 160-163; Shaker, M., Greenhawt, M., Association of fatality risk with value-based drug pricing of epinephrine autoinjectors for children with peanut allergy: A cost-effectiveness analysis (2018) JAMA Netw Open, 1 (7); Schneider, E.C., Sarnak, D.O., Squires, D., Shah, A., Doty, M.M., Mirror, mirror 2017: International comparison reflects flaws and opportunities for better health care. New York, New York: The Commonwealth Fund (2017), US Department of Health and Human Services, NLM Unique ID 101712671 Bethesda, MD; Berwick, D.M., Hackbarth, A.D., Eliminating waste in US health care (2012) JAMA, 307 (14), pp. 1513-1516; Quality payment program https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Quality-Payment-Program/Quality-Payment-Program, Available at: (Accessed 18 January 2020); How did allergy/immunology fare with MIPS? https://college.acaai.org/advocacy/advocacy-insider/how-did-allergyimmunology-fare-mips, Available at: (Accessed 18 January 2020); Patient-centered asthma care payment: An alternative payment model for patient-centered asthma care https://college.acaai.org/sites/default/files/Resources/Advocacy/apm_exec_summary-complete_model.pdf, Available at: (Accessed 18 January 2020); Allergy, asthma, and Immunology Quality Clinical Data Registry: Quality Measure Specifications https://www.aaaai.org/Aaaai/media/MediaLibrary/PDF%20Documents/Practice%20Resources/2020-AAAAI-QCDR-Measure-Specifications-with-Appendix-of-Custom-Codes.pdf, Available at: (Accessed 18 January 2020); Porter, M.E., Larsson, S., Lee, T.H., Standardizing patient outcomes measurement (2016) N Engl J Med, 374 (6), pp. 504-506; Black, N., Patient reported outcome measures could help transform healthcare (2013) BMJ Br Med J, 346, p. f167; Rivera, S.C., Kyte, D.G., Aiyegbusi, O.L., Slade, A.L., McMullan, C., Calvert, M.J., The impact of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data from clinical trials: a systematic review and critical analysis (2019) Health Qual Life Outcomes, 17 (1), p. 156; Franklin, P., Chenok, K., Lavalee, D., Framework to guide the collection and use of patient-reported outcome measures in the learning healthcare system (2017) eGEMs (Wash DC), 5 (1), p. 17; Hsiao, C.J., Dymek, C., Kim, B., Russell, B., Advancing the use of patient-reported outcomes in practice: understanding challenges, opportunities, and the potential of health information technology (2019) Qual Life Res, 28 (6), pp. 1575-1583; Blaiss, M.S., Steven, G.C., Bender, B., Bukstein, D.A., Meltzer, E.O., Winders, T., Shared decision making for the allergist (2019) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 122 (5), pp. 463-470; Anagnostou, A., Hourihane, J.O., Greenhawt, M., The role of shared decision making in pediatric food allergy management (2019) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 8 (1), pp. 46-51; Taylor, L., Waller, M., Portnoy, J.M., Telemedicine for allergy services to rural communities (2019) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 7 (8), pp. 2554-2559; Matsui, E.C., Pollack, C.E., Peng, R.D., Keet, C.A., Closing the door on social determinants of health and asthma disparities: not so fast (2019) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 7 (6), pp. 2101-2102; Herman, E., Beavers, S., Hamlin, B., Thaker, K., Is it time for a patient-centered quality measure of asthma control? (2019) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 7 (6), pp. 1771-1777; Corbett, M., Oppenheimer, J.J., Heitzig, S., Ali, S., Lang, D., Quality measures and their importance to allergy/immunology (2015) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 3 (2), pp. 187-191; Dinakar, C., Lang, D.M., Quality measures in allergy, asthma, and immunology (2015) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 114 (6), pp. 435-439; Five things physicians and patients should question https://www.choosingwisely.org/societies/american-academy-of-allergy-asthma-immunology/, Available at: (Accessed 18 January 2020); Shaker, M., Greenhawt, M., A primer on cost-effectiveness in the allergy clinic (2019) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 123 (2), pp. 120-128e1; Shaker, M., Greenhawt, M., Providing cost-effective care for food allergy (2019) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 123 (3), pp. 240-248e1; Greenhawt, M., Shaker, M., Determining levers of cost-effectiveness for screening infants at high risk for peanut sensitization before early peanut introduction (2019) JAMA Netw Open, 2 (12); Fitzpatrick, A.M., Gillespie, S.E., Mauger, D.T., Racial disparities in asthma-related health care use in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Severe Asthma Research Program (2019) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 143 (6), pp. 2052-2061; Matsui, E.C., Adamson, A.S., Peng, R.D., Time's up to adopt a biopsychosocial model to address racial and ethnic disparities in asthma outcomes (2019) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 143 (6), pp. 2024-2025; Mahdavinia, M., Fox, S.R., Smith, B.M., Racial differences in food allergy phenotype and health care utilization among US children (2017) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 5 (2), pp. 352-357e1; Du Toit, G., Roberts, G., Sayre, P.H., Randomized trial of peanut consumption in infants at risk for peanut allergy (2015) N Engl J Med, 372 (9), pp. 803-813; Perkin, M.R., Logan, K., Tseng, A., Randomized trial of introduction of allergenic foods in breast-fed infants (2016) N Engl J Med, 374 (18), pp. 1733-1743; Togias, A., Cooper, S.F., Acebal, M.L., Addendum guidelines for the prevention of peanut allergy in the United States: report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-sponsored expert panel (2017) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 139 (1), pp. 29-44; Feeding in the first year of life: SACN report https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/feeding-in-the-first-year-of-life-sacn-report, Available at: Accessed January 18, 2020; Netting, M.J., Campbell, D.E., Koplin, J.J., An Australian consensus on infant feeding guidelines to prevent food allergy: outcomes from the Australian infant feeding summit (2017) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 5 (6), pp. 1617-1624; Abrams, E.M., Hildebrand, K., Blair, B., Chan, E.S., Timing of introduction of allergenic solids for infants at high risk (2019) Paediatr Child Health, 24 (1), pp. 56-57; Preventing food allergy in higher risk infants: guidance for healthcare professionals https://www.bsaci.org/pdf/Early-feeding-guidance-for-HCPs.pdf, Available at: (Accessed 18 January 2020); Koplin, J.J., Peters, R.L., Dharmage, S.C., Understanding the feasibility and implications of implementing early peanut introduction for prevention of peanut allergy (2016) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 138 (4), pp. 1131-1141.e2; O'Connor, C., Kelleher, M., O'B Hourihane, J., Calculating the effect of population-level implementation of the Learning Early about Peanut Allergy (LEAP) protocol to prevent peanut allergy (2016) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 137 (4), pp. 1263-1264.e2; Iglesia, E., Kim, E., Low-risk infants may still benefit from allergenic food consumption (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 145 (4), p. 1305; Prasad, V., Cifu, A., Ioannidis, J.P., Reversals of established medical practices: evidence to abandon ship (2012) JAMA, 307 (1), pp. 37-38; Soriano, V.X., Peters, R.L., Ponsonby, A.L., Earlier ingestion of peanut after changes to infant feeding guidelines: the EarlyNuts study (2019) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 144 (5), pp. 1327-1335.e5; Shaker, M., Verma, K., Greenhawt, M., The health and economic outcomes of early egg introduction strategies (2018) Allergy, 73 (11), pp. 2214-2223; Dorsey, M.J., Puck, J.M., Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency in the United States: lessons learned (2019) Immunol Allergy Clin North Am, 39 (1), pp. 1-11; Buckley, R.H., Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells in human severe combined immunodeficiency: long-term outcomes (2011) Immunol Res, 49 (1-3), pp. 25-43; Kwan, A., Abraham, R.S., Currier, R., Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency in 11 screening programs in the United States (2014) JAMA, 312 (7), pp. 729-738; Van der Ploeg, C.P.B., Blom, M., Bredius, R.G.M., Cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (2019) Eur J Pediatr, 178 (5), pp. 721-729; Shenoy, E.S., Macy, E., Rowe, T., Blumenthal, K.G., Evaluation and management of penicillin allergy: a review (2019) JAMA, 321 (2), pp. 188-199; Shaker, M., McWilliams, S., Greenhawt, M., Update on penicillin delabeling (2020) Curr Opin Pediatr, 32 (2), pp. 321-327; Macy, E., Vyles, D., Who needs penicillin allergy testing? (2018) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 121 (5), pp. 523-529 PY - 2020 SN - 10811206 (ISSN) SP - 126-136 ST - Achieving the Quadruple Aim to deliver value-based allergy care in an ever-evolving health care system T2 - Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology TI - Achieving the Quadruple Aim to deliver value-based allergy care in an ever-evolving health care system UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083560717&doi=10.1016%2fj.anai.2020.04.007&partnerID=40&md5=9865ff8d6f3e68f71f2a0f28febb021d VL - 125 ID - 439 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, MMC 195, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Division of Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Boston, MA, United States Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Public Health, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States AU - Ingraham, N. E. AU - Boulware, D. AU - Sparks, M. A. AU - Schacker, T. AU - Benson, B. AU - Sparks, J. A. AU - Murray, T. AU - Connett, J. AU - Chipman, J. G. AU - Charles, A. AU - Tignanelli, C. J. C2 - 32345336 C7 - 182 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1186/s13054-020-02894-7 IS - 1 J2 - Crit. Care KW - COVID-19 Evidence-based medicine Hydroxychloroquine Pandemic RCT SARS azithromycin chloroquine virus RNA adverse outcome biological model Chinese coronavirus disease 2019 drug efficacy drug mechanism drug safety epidemic follow up human in vitro study in vivo study intensive care unit mortality rate Note priority journal publication randomized controlled trial (topic) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction SARS coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 therapy effect treatment outcome virus load virus replication Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection drug effect virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CRCAF Correspondence Address: Ingraham, N.E.; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, MMC 195, 420 Delaware St SE, United States; email: ingra107@umn.edu Chemicals/CAS: azithromycin, 83905-01-5, 117772-70-0, 121470-24-4; chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; Hydroxychloroquine Funding details: T32HL07741 Funding details: Gilead Sciences Funding text 1: Nicholas E. Ingraham is supported by the NIH NHLBI T32HL07741 grant. Funding text 2: 3. JAS: Site PI of a phase 2 RCT investigating HCQ for the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis (funded by NIH/NIAID/Autoimmune Centers of Excellence) and has performed consultancy for Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead, Inova, Janssen, and Optum unrelated to this work. References: Vincent, M.J., Bergeron, E., Benjannet, S., Erickson, B.R., Rollin, P.E., Ksiazek, T.G., Seidah, N.G., Nichol, S.T., Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread (2005) Virol J, 2 (1), p. 69; De, G., Jang, G.M., Bouhaddou, M., Xu, J., Obernier, K., O'Meara, M.J., Guo, J.Z., Hüttenhain, R., A SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interaction map reveals drug targets and potential drug-repurposing (2020) BioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.002386, 2020.2003.2022.002386, Pre-Print; Biot, C., Daher, W., Chavain, N., Fandeur, T., Khalife, J., Dive, D., De Clercq, E., Design and synthesis of hydroxyferroquine derivatives with antimalarial and antiviral activities (2006) J Med Chem, 49 (9), pp. 2845-2849. , 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjtlWgsrc%3D; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Xiao, G., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res, 30 (3), pp. 269-271. , 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkt1Ciu7k%3D; Barnard, D.L., Day, C.W., Bailey, K., Heiner, M., Montgomery, R., Lauridsen, L., Chan, P.K., Sidwell, R.W., Evaluation of immunomodulators, interferons and known in vitro SARS-coV inhibitors for inhibition of SARS-coV replication in BALB/c mice (2006) Antivir Chem Chemother, 17 (5), pp. 275-284. , 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtlWksbnI; Jun, C., LIUDLIULLIUPXUQXIALLYH: Preliminary study of hydroxychloroquine sulfate in treating common coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients in 2019 (2020) J Zhejiang Univ (Med Sci), 49 (1); Plj, G., Parola, P., Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: Preliminary results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.16.20037135, Pre-Print; https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-21/nigeria-reports-chloroquine-poisonings-after-trump-praised-drug, Nigeria reports chloroquine poisonings after Trump praised drug Accessed 22 Mar 2020UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084107001&doi=10.1186%2fs13054-020-02894-7&partnerID=40&md5=fb17b38fcf1e2264489fd42533c6196e PY - 2020 SN - 13648535 (ISSN) ST - Shining a light on the evidence for hydroxychloroquine in SARS-CoV-2 T2 - Critical Care TI - Shining a light on the evidence for hydroxychloroquine in SARS-CoV-2 VL - 24 ID - 514 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We report that the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N-protein) undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with viral RNA. N-protein condenses with specific RNA genomic elements under physiological buffer conditions and condensation is enhanced at human body temperatures (33°C and 37°C) and reduced at room temperature (22°C). RNA sequence and structure in specific genomic regions regulate N-protein condensation while other genomic regions promote condensate dissolution, potentially preventing aggregation of the large genome. At low concentrations, N-protein preferentially crosslinks to specific regions characterized by single-stranded RNA flanked by structured elements and these features specify the location, number, and strength of N-protein binding sites (valency). Liquid-like N-protein condensates form in mammalian cells in a concentration-dependent manner and can be altered by small molecules. Condensation of N-protein is RNA sequence and structure specific, sensitive to human body temperature, and manipulatable with small molecules, and therefore presents a screenable process for identifying antiviral compounds effective against SARS-CoV-2. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Iserman and Roden et al. demonstrate phase separation (LLPS) of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N-protein) with viral RNA. Viral RNA sequences promote or oppose phase separation depending on binding patterns of N-protein with genomic RNA. LLPS-promoting sequences occur at 5′ and 3′ ends of the genome, suggestive of a genome packaging role. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, United States MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, PrincetonNJ, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States AU - Iserman, C. AU - Roden, C. A. AU - Boerneke, M. A. AU - Sealfon, R. S. G. AU - McLaughlin, G. A. AU - Jungreis, I. AU - Fritch, E. J. AU - Hou, Y. J. AU - Ekena, J. AU - Weidmann, C. A. AU - Theesfeld, C. L. AU - Kellis, M. AU - Troyanskaya, O. G. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Sheahan, T. P. AU - Weeks, K. M. AU - Gladfelter, A. S. C2 - 33290746 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.11.041 IS - 6 J2 - Mol. Cell KW - SARS-CoV-2, Condensation, phase separation, packaging, RNP-MaP, RNA structure, nucleocapsid, coronavirus genomic RNA guanine nucleotide binding protein single stranded RNA virus RNA antivirus agent nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2 phosphoprotein Article binding site body temperature concentration (parameter) controlled study cross linking dissolution liquid mammal cell nonhuman phase separation polymerization protein binding RNA analysis RNA binding RNA sequence RNA structure room temperature Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus gene virus genome virus nucleocapsid animal Chlorocebus aethiops drug therapy genetics HEK293 cell line human metabolism preclinical study Vero cell line Animals Antiviral Agents Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins COVID-19 Drug Evaluation, Preclinical Genome, Viral HEK293 Cells Humans Nucleocapsid Phosphoproteins RNA, Viral SARS-CoV-2 Vero Cells LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: MOCEF Correspondence Address: Gladfelter, A.S.; Department of Biology, United States; email: amyglad@unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antiviral Agents; Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2; Phosphoproteins; RNA, Viral Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 2139, R01GM081506 Funding details: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, HHMI, F32GM136164, HHSN272201000054C, R01GM071966, R01HG005998, T32 CA 9156-43, U54HL117798 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 1U19AI142759 Funding details: Simons Foundation, SF, 395506, F32 GM128330, R35 GM122532 Funding text 1: We thank Rick Young, Phil Sharp, Alex Holehouse, Kathleen Hall, Andrea Sorrano, Ahmet Yildez, and their lab members for sharing data and discussions; Timothy Mitchison for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript; David Adalsteinsson for his help with ImageTank software; Ian Seim for analysis consultation and discussions; Benjamin Stormo for critical reading of the manuscript; Alain Laederach for initial discussion on genomic sequence; and James Iserman for essential logistical support. A.S.G. C.I. and C.A.R. were supported by NIH R01GM081506, Fast Grants Award #2139, and an HHMI faculty Scholar Award; C.A.R. was supported by NIH T32 CA 9156-43 and F32GM136164 and L'OREAL USA for Women in Science Fellowship. The work by R.S.G.S. A.S.B. and C.L.T. is supported by NIH grants R01HG005998, U54HL117798, and R01GM071966, HHS grant HHSN272201000054C, and Simons Foundation grant 395506 to O.G.T. K.M.W. M.A.B. and C.A.W. were supported by NIH (R35 GM122532 to K.M.W.). M.A.B. was supported by a Ruth L. Kirschstein Postdoctoral Fellowship (F32 GM128330). T.P.S. E.J.F. and R.S.B. were supported by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grants (1U19AI142759; Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development Center). This project was supported in part by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly. C.A.R. and C.I. contributed equally to this work. Authorship was determined alphabetically. C.A.R. C.I. and A.S.G. conceptualized the project, designed experiments, prepared figures, and drafted and edited the manuscript. C.A.R. and C.I. also performed experiments and analyzed data; M.A.B. designed and performed experiments and computational analyses, analyzed data, prepared figures, and wrote the manuscript. K.M.W. designed experiments, analyzed data, and wrote the manuscript; G.A.M. designed and performed experiments, analyzed data, edited the manuscript, and performed computational analyses; R.S.G.S. designed and performed computational analysis and edited the manuscript; I.J. supported computational analyses; M.K. supported I.J. C.L.T. provided fruitful discussion and edited the manuscript; O.G.T. provided support for R.S.G.S. and C.L.T.;. J.E. generated mutant plasmids; C.A.W. designed experiments and provided fruitful discussion; E.J.F. Y.J.H. T.P.S. and R.S.B. harvested viral RNA. K.M.W. is an advisor to and holds equity in Ribometrix, to which mutational profiling (MaP) technologies have been licensed. A.S.G. is a scientific advisor of Dewpoint Therapeutics. C.I. is currently employed at Dewpoint Therapeutics. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests. References: Alenquer, M., Vale-Costa, S., Etibor, T.A., Ferreira, F., Sousa, A.L., Amorim, M.J., Influenza A virus ribonucleoproteins form liquid organelles at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (2019) Nat. Commun., 10, p. 1629; Andrews, R.J., Peterson, J.M., Haniff, H.S., Chen, J., Williams, C., Grefe, M., Disney, M.D., Moss, W.N., An in silico map of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Structurome (2020) bioRxiv; Aumiller, W.M.J., Pir Cakmak, F., Davis, B.W., Keating, C.D., RNA-Based Coacervates as a Model for Membraneless Organelles: Formation, Properties, and Interfacial Liposome Assembly (2016) Langmuir, 32, pp. 10042-10053; Banerjee, P.R., Milin, A.N., Moosa, M.M., Onuchic, P.L., Deniz, A.A., Reentrant Phase Transition Drives Dynamic Substructure Formation in Ribonucleoprotein Droplets (2017) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 56, pp. 11354-11359; Bar-On, Y.M., Flamholz, A., Phillips, R., Milo, R., SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by the numbers (2020) eLife, 9, p. 9; Berry, J., Brangwynne, C.P., Haataja, M., Physical principles of intracellular organization via active and passive phase transitions (2018) Rep. Prog. Phys., 81, p. 046601; Blount, K.F., Zhao, F., Hermann, T., Tor, Y., Conformational constraint as a means for understanding RNA-aminoglycoside specificity (2005) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, pp. 9818-9829; Boeynaems, S., Holehouse, A.S., Weinhardt, V., Kovacs, D., Van Lindt, J., Larabell, C., Van Den Bosch, L., Gitler, A.D., Spontaneous driving forces give rise to protein-RNA condensates with coexisting phases and complex material properties (2019) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, pp. 7889-7898; Brangwynne, C.P., Eckmann, C.R., Courson, D.S., Rybarska, A., Hoege, C., Gharakhani, J., Jülicher, F., Hyman, A.A., Germline P granules are liquid droplets that localize by controlled dissolution/condensation (2009) Science, 324, pp. 1729-1732; Busan, S., Weeks, K.M., Accurate detection of chemical modifications in RNA by mutational profiling (MaP) with ShapeMapper 2 (2018) RNA, 24, pp. 143-148; Busan, S., Weidmann, C.A., Sengupta, A., Weeks, K.M., Guidelines for SHAPE Reagent Choice and Detection Strategy for RNA Structure Probing Studies (2019) Biochemistry, 58, pp. 2655-2664; Calisher, C.H., Childs, J.E., Field, H.E., Holmes, K.V., Schountz, T., Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses (2006) Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 19, pp. 531-545; Carlson, R.C., Asfaha, J.B., Ghent, C.M., Howard, C.J., Hartooni, N., Morgan, D.O., Phosphoregulation of phase separation by the SARS-CoV-2 N protein suggests a biophysical basis for its dual functions (2020) Mol. Cell; Cong, Y., Kriegenburg, F., de Haan, C.A.M., Reggiori, F., Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteins assemble constitutively in high molecular oligomers (2017) Sci. Rep., 7, p. 5740; Dao, T.P., Kolaitis, R.M., Kim, H.J., O'Donovan, K., Martyniak, B., Colicino, E., Hehnly, H., Castañeda, C.A., Ubiquitin Modulates Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of UBQLN2 via Disruption of Multivalent Interactions (2018) Mol. Cell, 69, pp. 965-978.e6; Darty, K., Denise, A., Ponty, Y., VARNA: Interactive drawing and editing of the RNA secondary structure (2009) Bioinformatics, 25, pp. 1974-1975; den Boon, J.A., Ahlquist, P., Organelle-like membrane compartmentalization of positive-strand RNA virus replication factories (2010) Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 64, pp. 241-256; Dosztányi, Z., Prediction of protein disorder based on IUPred (2018) Protein Sci., 27, pp. 331-340; Edgar, R.C., MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput (2004) Nucleic Acids Res., 32, pp. 1792-1797; Elbaum-Garfinkle, S., Kim, Y., Szczepaniak, K., Chen, C.C., Eckmann, C.R., Myong, S., Brangwynne, C.P., The disordered P granule protein LAF-1 drives phase separation into droplets with tunable viscosity and dynamics (2015) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, pp. 7189-7194; Fehr, A.R., Perlman, S., Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis (2015) Methods Mol. Biol., 1282, pp. 1-23; Fung, T.S., Liu, D.X., Post-translational modifications of coronavirus proteins: roles and function (2018) Future Virol., 13, pp. 405-430; Grossoehme, N.E., Li, L., Keane, S.C., Liu, P., Dann, C.E., 3rd, Leibowitz, J.L., Giedroc, D.P., Coronavirus N protein N-terminal domain (NTD) specifically binds the transcriptional regulatory sequence (TRS) and melts TRS-cTRS RNA duplexes (2009) J. Mol. Biol., 394, pp. 544-557; Gruber, A.R., Findeiß, S., Washietl, S., Hofacker, I.L., Stadler, P.F., RNAz 2.0: improved noncoding RNA detection (2010) Pac. Symp. Biocomput., pp. 69-79; Guillén-Boixet, J., Kopach, A., Holehouse, A.S., Wittmann, S., Jahnel, M., Schlüßler, R., Kim, K., Mateju, D., RNA-Induced Conformational Switching and Clustering of G3BP Drive Stress Granule Assembly by Condensation (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 346-361.e17; Guseva, S., Milles, S., Jensen, M.R., Salvi, N., Kleman, J.P., Maurin, D., Ruigrok, R.W.H., Blackledge, M., Measles virus nucleo- and phosphoproteins form liquid-like phase-separated compartments that promote nucleocapsid assembly (2020) Sci Adv, 6, p. eaaz7095; Heinrich, B.S., Maliga, Z., Stein, D.A., Hyman, A.A., Whelan, S.P.J., Phase Transitions Drive the Formation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Replication Compartments (2018) MBio, 9, p. 9; Holehouse, A.S., Pappu, R.V., Functional Implications of Intracellular Phase Transitions (2018) Biochemistry, 57, pp. 2415-2423; Hsieh, P.K., Chang, S.C., Huang, C.C., Lee, T.T., Hsiao, C.W., Kou, Y.H., Chen, I.Y., Chang, M.F., Assembly of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus RNA packaging signal into virus-like particles is nucleocapsid dependent (2005) J. Virol., 79, pp. 13848-13855; Hsin, W.C., Chang, C.H., Chang, C.Y., Peng, W.H., Chien, C.L., Chang, M.F., Chang, S.C., Nucleocapsid protein-dependent assembly of the RNA packaging signal of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2018) J. Biomed. Sci., 25, p. 47; Hunter, J.D., Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment (2007) Comput. Sci. Eng., 9, pp. 90-95; Iserman, C., Desroches Altamirano, C., Jegers, C., Friedrich, U., Zarin, T., Fritsch, A.W., Mittasch, M., Jahnel, M., Condensation of Ded1p Promotes a Translational Switch from Housekeeping to Stress Protein Production (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 818-831.e19; Jiang, H., Wang, S., Huang, Y., He, X., Cui, H., Zhu, X., Zheng, Y., Phase transition of spindle-associated protein regulate spindle apparatus assembly (2015) Cell, 163, pp. 108-122; Jungreis, I., Sealfon, S., Kellis, M., Sarbecovirus comparative genomics elucidates gene content of SARS-CoV-2 and functional impact of COVID-19 pandemic mutations (2020) bioRviv; Kang, S., Yang, M., Hong, Z., Zhang, L., Huang, Z., Chen, X., He, S., Chen, Q., Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites (2020) Acta Pharm. Sin. B, 10, pp. 1228-1238; Kim, D., Lee, J.Y., Yang, J.S., Kim, J.W., Kim, V.N., Chang, H., The Architecture of SARS-CoV-2 Transcriptome (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 914-921.e10; Knoops, K., Bárcena, M., Limpens, R.W., Koster, A.J., Mommaas, A.M., Snijder, E.J., Ultrastructural characterization of arterivirus replication structures: reshaping the endoplasmic reticulum to accommodate viral RNA synthesis (2012) J. Virol., 86, pp. 2474-2487; Kroschwald, S., Maharana, S., Alberti, S., Hexanediol: A Chemical Probe to Investigate the Material Properties of Membrane-Less Compartments (2017) Science Matters; Kuo, L., Masters, P.S., Functional analysis of the murine coronavirus genomic RNA packaging signal (2013) J. Virol., 87, pp. 5182-5192; Langdon, E.M., Qiu, Y., Ghanbari Niaki, A., McLaughlin, G.A., Weidmann, C.A., Gerbich, T.M., Smith, J.A., Weeks, K.M., mRNA structure determines specificity of a polyQ-driven phase separation (2018) Science, 360, pp. 922-927; Li, N.K., García Quiroz, F., Hall, C.K., Chilkoti, A., Yingling, Y.G., Molecular description of the LCST behavior of an elastin-like polypeptide (2014) Biomacromolecules, 15, pp. 3522-3530; Ma, W., Zhen, G., Xie, W., Mayr, C., Unstructured mRNAs form multivalent RNA-RNA interactions to generate TIS granule networks (2020) bioRxiv; Maharana, S., Wang, J., Papadopoulos, D.K., Richter, D., Pozniakovsky, A., Poser, I., Bickle, M., Franzmann, T.M., RNA buffers the phase separation behavior of prion-like RNA binding proteins (2018) Science, 360, pp. 918-921; Martin, E.W., Holehouse, A.S., Peran, I., Farag, M., Incicco, J.J., Bremer, A., Grace, C.R., Mittag, T., Valence and patterning of aromatic residues determine the phase behavior of prion-like domains (2020) Science, 367, pp. 694-699; Masters, P.S., Coronavirus genomic RNA packaging (2019) Virology, 537, pp. 198-207; McBride, R., van Zyl, M., Fielding, B.C., The coronavirus nucleocapsid is a multifunctional protein (2014) Viruses, 6, pp. 2991-3018; McFadden, E.R., Jr., Pichurko, B.M., Bowman, H.F., Ingenito, E., Burns, S., Dowling, N., Solway, J., Thermal mapping of the airways in humans (1985) J Appl Physiol (1985), 58, pp. 564-570; Molenkamp, R., Spaan, W.J., Identification of a specific interaction between the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus A59 nucleocapsid protein and packaging signal (1997) Virology, 239, pp. 78-86; Molliex, A., Temirov, J., Lee, J., Coughlin, M., Kanagaraj, A.P., Kim, H.J., Mittag, T., Taylor, J.P., Phase separation by low complexity domains promotes stress granule assembly and drives pathological fibrillization (2015) Cell, 163, pp. 123-133; Morales, L., Mateos-Gomez, P.A., Capiscol, C., del Palacio, L., Enjuanes, L., Sola, I., Transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus genome packaging signal is located at the 5¢ end of the genome and promotes viral RNA incorporation into virions in a replication-independent process (2013) J. Virol., 87, pp. 11579-11590; Mustoe, A.M., Lama, N.N., Irving, P.S., Olson, S.W., Weeks, K.M., RNA base-pairing complexity in living cells visualized by correlated chemical probing (2019) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, pp. 24574-24582; Myrto Perdikari, T.M.A.C., Ryan, V.H., Watters, S., Naik, M.T., Fawzi, N.L., SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein phase-separates with RNA and with human hnRNPs (2020) EMBO J.; Narayanan, K., Maeda, A., Maeda, J., Makino, S., Characterization of the coronavirus M protein and nucleocapsid interaction in infected cells (2000) J. Virol., 74, pp. 8127-8134; Nikolic, J., Le Bars, R., Lama, Z., Scrima, N., Lagaudrière-Gesbert, C., Gaudin, Y., Blondel, D., Negri bodies are viral factories with properties of liquid organelles (2017) Nat. Commun., 8, p. 58; Nott, T.J., Petsalaki, E., Farber, P., Jervis, D., Fussner, E., Plochowietz, A., Craggs, T.D., Baldwin, A.J., Phase transition of a disordered nuage protein generates environmentally responsive membraneless organelles (2015) Mol. Cell, 57, pp. 936-947; Novoa, R.R., Calderita, G., Arranz, R., Fontana, J., Granzow, H., Risco, C., Virus factories: associations of cell organelles for viral replication and morphogenesis (2005) Biol. Cell, 97, pp. 147-172; O'Shaughnessy, E.C., Stone, O.J., LaFosse, P.K., Azoitei, M.L., Tsygankov, D., Heddleston, J.M., Legant, W.R., Elston, T.C., Software for lattice light-sheet imaging of FRET biosensors, illustrated with a new Rap1 biosensor (2019) J. Cell Biol., 218, pp. 3153-3160; Pak, C.W., Kosno, M., Holehouse, A.S., Padrick, S.B., Mittal, A., Ali, R., Yunus, A.A., Rosen, M.K., Sequence Determinants of Intracellular Phase Separation by Complex Coacervation of a Disordered Protein (2016) Mol. Cell, 63, pp. 72-85; Patel, A., Lee, H.O., Jawerth, L., Maharana, S., Jahnel, M., Hein, M.Y., Stoynov, S., Franzmann, T.M., A Liquid-to-Solid Phase Transition of the ALS Protein FUS Accelerated by Disease Mutation (2015) Cell, 162, pp. 1066-1077; Pedregosa, F., Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, A., Michel, V., Thirion, B., Grisel, O., Blondel, M., Dubourg, V., Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python (2011) JMLR, 85, pp. 2825-2830; Peng, T.Y., Lee, K.R., Tarn, W.Y., Phosphorylation of the arginine/serine dipeptide-rich motif of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein modulates its multimerization, translation inhibitory activity and cellular localization (2008) FEBS J., 275, pp. 4152-4163; Quiroz, F.G., Chilkoti, A., Sequence heuristics to encode phase behaviour in intrinsically disordered protein polymers (2015) Nat. Mater., 14, pp. 1164-1171; Reuter, J.S., Mathews, D.H., RNAstructure: software for RNA secondary structure prediction and analysis (2010) BMC Bioinformatics, 11, p. 129; Rincheval, V., Lelek, M., Gault, E., Bouillier, C., Sitterlin, D., Blouquit-Laye, S., Galloux, M., Rameix-Welti, M.A., Functional organization of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in cells infected by respiratory syncytial virus (2017) Nat. Commun., 8, p. 563; Robinson, J.T., Thorvaldsdóttir, H., Winckler, W., Guttman, M., Lander, E.S., Getz, G., Mesirov, J.P., Integrative genomics viewer (2011) Nat. Biotechnol., 29, pp. 24-26; Schneider, C.A., Rasband, W.S., Eliceiri, K.W., NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis (2012) Nat. Methods, 9, pp. 671-675; Sealfon, R.S., Lin, M.F., Jungreis, I., Wolf, M.Y., Kellis, M., Sabeti, P.C., FRESCo: finding regions of excess synonymous constraint in diverse viruses (2015) Genome Biol., 16, p. 38; Siegfried, N.A., Busan, S., Rice, G.M., Nelson, J.A., Weeks, K.M., RNA motif discovery by SHAPE and mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP) (2014) Nat. Methods, 11, pp. 959-965; Smola, M.J., Rice, G.M., Busan, S., Siegfried, N.A., Weeks, K.M., Selective 2¢-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension and mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP) for direct, versatile and accurate RNA structure analysis (2015) Nat. Protoc., 10, pp. 1643-1669; Stamatakis, A., RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies (2014) Bioinformatics, 30, pp. 1312-1313; Stertz, S., Reichelt, M., Spiegel, M., Kuri, T., Martínez-Sobrido, L., García-Sastre, A., Weber, F., Kochs, G., The intracellular sites of early replication and budding of SARS-coronavirus (2007) Virology, 361, pp. 304-315; Subudhi, S., Rapin, N., Bollinger, T.K., Hill, J.E., Donaldson, M.E., Davy, C.M., Warnecke, L., Misra, V., A persistently infecting coronavirus in hibernating Myotis lucifugus, the North American little brown bat (2017) J. Gen. Virol., 98, pp. 2297-2309; V'kovski, P., Gultom, M., Steiner, S., Kelly, J., Russeil, J., Mangeat, B., Cora, E., Disparate Temperature-Dependent Virus – Host Dynamics for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV in the Human Respiratory Epithelium (2020) bioRxiv; van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D.H., Holbrook, M.G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B.N., Tamin, A., Gerber, S.I., Aerosol and surface stability of HCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to SARS-CoV-1 (2020) medRxiv; Verheije, M.H., Hagemeijer, M.C., Ulasli, M., Reggiori, F., Rottier, P.J.M., Masters, P.S., de Haan, C.A.M., The coronavirus nucleocapsid protein is dynamically associated with the replication-transcription complexes (2010) J. Virol., 84, pp. 11575-11579; Virtanen, P., Gommers, R., Oliphant, T.E., Haberland, M., Reddy, T., Cournapeau, D., Burovski, E., Bright, J., SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python (2020) Nat. Methods, 17, pp. 261-272; Wang, J., Choi, J.M., Holehouse, A.S., Lee, H.O., Zhang, X., Jahnel, M., Maharana, S., Drechsel, D., A Molecular Grammar Governing the Driving Forces for Phase Separation of Prion-like RNA Binding Proteins (2018) Cell, 174, pp. 688-699.e16; Weidmann, C.A., Mustoe, A.M., Jariwala, P.B., Calabrese, J.M., Weeks, K.M., Analysis of RNA-protein networks with RNP-MaP defines functional hubs on RNA (2020) Nat. Biotechnol; Wheeler, R.J., Lee, H.O., Poser, I., Pal, A., Doeleman, T., Kishigami, S., Kour, S., Small Molecules for Modulating Protein Driven Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Treating Neurodegenerative Disease (2020) bioRxiv; Wickham, H., (2016) ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, , Springer-Verlag New York; Wu, C.H., Yeh, S.H., Tsay, Y.G., Shieh, Y.H., Kao, C.L., Chen, Y.S., Wang, S.H., Chen, P.J., Glycogen synthase kinase-3 regulates the phosphorylation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein and viral replication (2009) J. Biol. Chem., 284, pp. 5229-5239; Zhang, H., Elbaum-Garfinkle, S., Langdon, E.M., Taylor, N., Occhipinti, P., Bridges, A.A., Brangwynne, C.P., Gladfelter, A.S., RNA Controls PolyQ Protein Phase Transitions (2015) Mol. Cell, 60, pp. 220-230 PY - 2020 SN - 10972765 (ISSN) SP - 1078-1091.e6 ST - Genomic RNA Elements Drive Phase Separation of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid T2 - Molecular Cell TI - Genomic RNA Elements Drive Phase Separation of the SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097456107&doi=10.1016%2fj.molcel.2020.11.041&partnerID=40&md5=f3f72db93db3e774044c792578d63fb5 VL - 80 ID - 241 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted adults with chronic diseases, and their health care delivery. Patterns of COVID-19–related preventive behaviors practiced by cancer survivors are unknown, including practices related to canceling doctor's appointments. We evaluated COVID-19–related preventive behaviors among cancer survivors in the United States. Methods: We used nationally representative data of 10,760 U.S. adults from the COVID-19 Impact Survey. We defined cancer survivors as those with a self-reported diagnosis of cancer (n ¼ 854, 7.6%). We present frequencies and c2 tests to evaluate COVID-19–related preventive behaviors among cancer survivors. We estimated determinants of canceling doctor's appointments among cancer survivors using Poisson regression models. Results: Cancer survivors were more likely to practice preventive behaviors, including social distancing (93%, c2 P < 0.001), wearing a face mask (93% c2 P < 0.001) and avoiding crowded areas (84% c2 P < 0.001) compared with adults without cancer. Cancer survivors were more likely to cancel doctor's appointments (41%, c2 P < 0.001), whereas they were less likely to cancel other social activities such as work (19%, c2 P < 0.001) and school-related (13%, c2 P < 0.001) activities. After adjustment for covariates, while non-Hispanic (NH)-Black cancer survivors were less likely to cancel a doctor's appointment compared with NH-White cancer survivors, cancer survivors aged 18 to 29, who were female, and who had least one comorbid condition were more likely. Conclusions: Cancer survivors are adhering to recommended preventive behaviors. Cancer survivor's continuity of care may be impacted by COVID-19, specifically young adults, females, and those with existing comorbid conditions. Impact: Insights into cancer survivors whose care may be most impacted by COVID-19 will be valuable toward surveillance and survivorship of U.S. cancer survivors. © 2020 American Association for Cancer Research. AD - Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, NY, United States Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, United States AU - Islam, J. Y. AU - Camacho-Rivera, M. AU - Vidot, D. C. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-20-0801 IS - 12 J2 - Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. KW - adult age Article Black person cancer diagnosis cancer survivor Caucasian clinical evaluation comorbidity comparative study consultation controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 crowding (area) disease surveillance female gender health behavior human human activities infection prevention major clinical study male middle aged outcome assessment pandemic patient care physician priority journal race difference school self report sensitivity analysis social behavior social distancing survivorship United States work LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CEBPE Correspondence Address: Islam, J.Y.; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, United States; email: islamjy@email.unc.edu Funding details: Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of North Carolina, NORC Funding details: IO DATA Foundation, 2T32CA116339-11, 5S21MD012474-02 Funding text 1: The authors gratefully acknowledge NORC at the University of Chicago for the Data Foundation for data collection and making the data from the COVID Impact Survey publicly available. J.Y. Islam is supported by the University of North Carolina's Cancer Care Quality Training 2T32CA116339-11. M. Camacho-Rivera is supported by the TRANSPORT ? The Translational Program of Health Disparities Research Training 5S21MD012474-02. Funding text 2: The authors gratefully acknowledge NORC at the University of Chicago for the Data Foundation for data collection and making the data from the COVID Impact Survey publicly available. J.Y. Islam is supported by the University of North Carolina's Cancer Care Quality Training 2T32CA116339-11. M. Camacho-Rivera is supported by the TRANSPORT – The Translational Program of Health Disparities Research Training 5S21MD012474-02. References: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); [about 7 screens]. [cited 2020 May 8]; Geographic differences in COVID-19 cases, deaths, and incidence - United States, February 12-April 7, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 465-471. , CDC COVID-19 Response Team; https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-gettingsick/prevention.html, How to Protect Yourself & Others; [about 10 screens]. [cited 2020 May 8]; Saad, L., Americans still social distancing, but less vigilant (2020) Gallup, , https://news.gallup.com/poll/309611/americans-social-distancing-less-vigilant.aspx, Apr 30; Rothberger, H, Wilson, T, Whaley, D, Rosenfeld, DL, Humphrey, M, Moore, A, Politicizing the COVID-19 pandemic: ideological differences in adherence to social distancing (2020), https://psyarxiv.com/k23cv/, PsyArXiv [Preprint]. Apr 22; Birch, J., Which non-covid doctor's visits should you make, keep, postpone or do by telemedicine? (2020) The Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/doctors-appointmentcoronavirus-telemedicine/2020/05/04/f7005afe-8e20-11ea-a9c0-73b93422d691_story.html, May 5; Yancy, CW., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1891-1892; Madjid, M, Safavi-Naeini, P, Solomon, SD, Vardeny, O., Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review (2020) JAMA Cardiol, 5, pp. 831-840; Dietz, W, Santos-Burgoa, C., Obesity and its implications for COVID-19 mortality (2020) Obesity, 28, p. 1005; Lighter, J, Phillips, M, Hochman, S, Sterling, S, Johnson, D, Francois, F, Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 71, pp. 896-897; COVID-19: underlying metabolic health in the spotlight (2020) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 8, p. 457. , The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology; Bernstein, L, Sellers, FS., Patients with heart attacks, strokes and even appendicitis vanish from hospitals (2020) The Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/patients-with-heart-attacks-strokesand-even-appendicitis-vanish-from-hospitals/2020/04/19/9ca3ef24-7eb4-11ea-9040-68981f488eed_story.html, Apr 19; Shekerdemian, LS, Mahmood, NR, Wolfe, KK, Riggs, BJ, Ross, CE, McKiernan, CA, Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and Canadian Pediatric Intensive Care Units (2020) JAMA Pediatr, 174, pp. 1-6; Richardson, S, Hirsch, JS, Narasimhan, M, Crawford, JM, McGinn, T, Davidson, KW, Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2052-2059; Grasselli, G, Zangrillo, A, Zanella, A, Antonelli, M, Cabrini, L, Castelli, A, Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1574-1581; Marzorati, C, Riva, S, Pravettoni, G., Who is a cancer survivor? A systematic review of published definitions (2017) J Cancer Educ, 32, pp. 228-237; Wang, H, Zhang, L., Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, p. e181; Gosain, R, Abdou, Y, Singh, A, Rana, N, Puzanov, I, Ernstoff, MS., COVID-19 and cancer: a comprehensive review (2020) Curr Oncol Rep, 22, p. 53; Burki, TK., Cancer guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, pp. 629-630; De Felice, F, Polimeni, A, Valentini, V., The impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on head and neck cancer patients' care (2020) Radiother Oncol, 147, pp. 84-85; Burki, TK., Cancer care in the time of COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, p. 628; Yang, G, Zhang, H, Yang, Y., Challenges and countermeasures of integrative cancer therapy in the epidemic of COVID-19 (2020) Integr Cancer Ther, 19, p. 1534735420912811; Yang, L, Xu, HY, Wang, Y., Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (2020) Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi, 42, pp. 292-295; Onder, G, Rezza, G, Brusaferro, S., Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy (2020) JAMA, 23, pp. 1775-1776; Liang, W, Guan, W, Chen, R, Wang, W, Li, J, Xu, K, Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, pp. 335-337; (2020) COVID Impact Survey [homepage on the Internet], , https://www.covidimpact.org/, Washington (DC): The Data Foundation; [cited 2020 May 20]; Barros, AJD, Hirakata, VN., Alternatives for logistic regression in cross-sectional studies: an empirical comparison of models that directly estimate the prevalence ratio (2003) BMC Med Res Methodol, 3, p. 21; Behrens, T, Taeger, D, Wellmann, J, Keil, U., Different methods to calculate effect estimates in cross-sectional studies. A comparison between prevalence odds ratio and prevalence ratio (2004) Methods Inf Med, 43, pp. 505-509; Coutinho, LMS, Scazufca, M, Menezes, PR., Methods for estimating prevalence ratios in cross-sectional studies (2008) Rev Saude Publica, 42, pp. 992-998; Rothman, KJ., No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons (1990) Epidemiology, 1, pp. 43-46; Zhang, L, Zhu, F, Xie, L, Wang, C, Wang, J, Chen, R, Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China (2020) Ann Oncol, 31, pp. 894-901; Side Effects of Cancer Treatment, , https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects, [about 3 screens]. [cited 2020 May 22]; Wenham, C, Smith, J, Morgan, R, COVID-19: the gendered impacts of the outbreak (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 846-848. , Gender and COVID-19 Working Group; Valeri, L, Chen, JT, Garcia-Albeniz, X, Krieger, N, VanderWeele, TJ, Coull, BA., The role of stage at diagnosis in colorectal cancer black-white survival disparities: a counterfactual causal inference approach (2016) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 25, pp. 83-89; Ellis, L, Canchola, AJ, Spiegel, D, Ladabaum, U, Haile, R, Gomez, SL., Racial and ethnic disparities in cancer survival: the contribution of tumor, sociodemographic, institutional, and neighborhood characteristics (2018) J Clin Oncol, 36, pp. 25-33; DeSantis, CE, Miller, KD, Goding Sauer, A, Jemal, A, Siegel, RL., Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2019 (2019) CA Cancer J Clin, 69, pp. 211-233; White, A, Vernon, SW, Franzini, L, Du, XL., Racial disparities in colorectal cancer survival: to what extent are racial disparities explained by differences in treatment, tumor characteristics, or hospital characteristics? (2010) Cancer, 116, pp. 4622-4631; Shavers, VL, Brown, ML., Racial and ethnic disparities in the receipt of cancer treatment (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, pp. 334-357; Lai, Y, Wang, C, Civan, JM, Palazzo, JP, Ye, Z, Hyslop, T, Effects of cancer stage and treatment differences on racial disparities in survival from colon cancer: a United States population-based study (2016) Gastroenterology, 150, pp. 1135-1146; Yedjou, CG, Sims, JN, Miele, L, Noubissi, F, Lowe, L, Fonseca, DD, Health and racial disparity in breast cancer (2019) Adv Exp Med Biol, 1152, pp. 31-49; Hill, DA, Friend, S, Lomo, L, Wiggins, C, Barry, M, Prossnitz, E, Breast cancer survival, survival disparities, and guideline-based treatment (2018) Breast Cancer Res Treat, 170, pp. 405-414; Newman, LA., Breast cancer disparities: socioeconomic factors versus biology (2017) Ann Surg Oncol, 24, pp. 2869-2875; Weaver, KE, Foraker, RE, Alfano, CM, Rowland, JH, Arora, NK, Bellizzi, KM, Cardiovascular risk factors among long-term survivors of breast, prostate, colorectal, and gynecologic cancers: a gap in survivorship care? (2013) J Cancer Surviv, 7, pp. 253-261; Gross, CP, Guo, Z, McAvay, GJ, Allore, HG, Young, M, Tinetti, ME., Multimorbidity and survival in older persons with colorectal cancer (2006) J Am Geriatr Soc, 54, pp. 1898-1904; Cuthbert, CA, Hemmelgarn, BR, Xu, Y, Cheung, WY., The effect of comorbidities on outcomes in colorectal cancer survivors: a population-based cohort study (2018) J Cancer Surviv, 12, pp. 733-743; Lopez, R, Agullo, P, Lakshmanaswamy, R., Links between obesity, diabetes and ethnic disparities in breast cancer among Hispanic populations (2013) Obes Rev, 14, pp. 679-691; Lega, IC, Austin, PC, Fischer, HD, Fung, K, Krzyzanowska, MK, Amir, E, The impact of diabetes on breast cancer treatments and outcomes: a population-based study (2018) Diabetes Care, 41, pp. 755-761; Charlot, M, Castro-Webb, N, Bethea, TN, Bertrand, K, Boggs, DA, Denis, GV, Diabetes and breast cancer mortality in Black women (2017) Cancer Causes Control, 28, pp. 61-67; Wosik, J, Fudim, M, Cameron, B, Gellad, ZF, Cho, A, Phinney, D, Telehealth transformation: COVID-19 and the rise of virtual care (2020) J Am Med Inform Assoc, 27, pp. 957-962; Portnoy, J, Waller, M, Elliott, T., Telemedicine in the era of COVID-19 (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 8, pp. 1489-1491; Smith, AC, Thomas, E, Snoswell, CL, Haydon, H, Mehrotra, A, Clemensen, J, Telehealth for global emergencies: implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) J Telemed Telecare, 26, pp. 309-313; Hollander, JE, Carr, BG., Virtually perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1679-1681 PY - 2020 SN - 10559965 (ISSN) SP - 2583-2590 ST - Examining COVID-19 preventive behaviors among cancer survivors in the united states: An analysis of the COVID-19 impact survey A C T2 - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention TI - Examining COVID-19 preventive behaviors among cancer survivors in the united states: An analysis of the COVID-19 impact survey A C UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098048610&doi=10.1158%2f1055-9965.EPI-20-0801&partnerID=40&md5=90469c744eab5e7c940419e90370db4c VL - 29 ID - 258 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois AU - Isquick, S. AU - Knittel, A. K. AU - Premkumar, A. C2 - 32826581 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004074 IS - 3 J2 - Obstet Gynecol KW - Betacoronavirus child Coronavirinae Coronavirus infection female human newborn pandemic pregnancy virus pneumonia Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Humans Infant, Newborn Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 1873233X (ISSN) SP - 633-634 ST - Examining Inequities Associated With Changes in Obstetric and Gynecologic Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic T2 - Obstetrics and gynecology TI - Examining Inequities Associated With Changes in Obstetric and Gynecologic Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089794588&doi=10.1097%2fAOG.0000000000004074&partnerID=40&md5=7dcd6ebda54a161b3eedd6f67dbfd2da VL - 136 ID - 385 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Neurology, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospitals, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom Department of Neurology, Stanford Neuroscience Health Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, United States Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States Department of Neurology, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT 05401, United States Department of Neurology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, United States Catedràtica Neurologia U.A.B., Unitat Patologia Neuromuscular, Servei Neurologia, Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, C/ Pare Claret 167, Barcelona, 08025, Spain Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milano, 20133, Italy Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan Department of Neurology, Hanamaki General Hospital, Japan Department of Neurology, 2082 Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2100, Denmark Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States AU - Jacob, S. AU - Muppidi, S. AU - Guidon, A. AU - Guptill, J. AU - Hehir, M. AU - Howard, J. F., Jr. AU - Illa, I. AU - Mantegazza, R. AU - Murai, H. AU - Utsugisawa, K. AU - Vissing, J. AU - Wiendl, H. AU - Nowak, R. J. C2 - 32247193 C7 - 116803 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116803 J2 - J. Neurol. Sci. KW - amifampridine immunoglobulin pyridostigmine immunologic factor immunosuppressive agent vaccine Article clinical decision making clinical trial (topic) coronavirus disease 2019 Eaton Lambert syndrome human immunotherapy infusion therapy myasthenia gravis nonhuman pandemic plasma exchange practice guideline priority journal vaccination Betacoronavirus complication Coronavirus infection disease management disease predisposition virus pneumonia Clinical Trials as Topic Coronavirus Infections Disease Susceptibility Humans Immunoglobulins, Intravenous Immunologic Factors Immunosuppressive Agents Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :51 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JNSCA Correspondence Address: Jacob, S.; Department of Neurology, United Kingdom; email: saiju.jacob@uhb.nhs.uk Chemicals/CAS: amifampridine, 54-96-6, 446254-47-3; immunoglobulin, 9007-83-4; pyridostigmine, 101-26-8, 155-97-5; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Immunologic Factors; Immunosuppressive Agents; Vaccines PY - 2020 SN - 0022510X (ISSN) ST - Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Journal of the Neurological Sciences TI - Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082716066&doi=10.1016%2fj.jns.2020.116803&partnerID=40&md5=3ab2acb3514a3684ff91d67990e58d5d VL - 412 ID - 500 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical CenterMA, United States Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States New Mexico Heart Institute, Albuquerque, United States University of Miami Hospital and ClinicsFL, United States Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center, United States University of California, Los Angeles, Division of Cardiology, United States Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA, United States Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, United States Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, United States Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityOH, United States Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, New York, NY, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Jacobs, A. AU - Ali, M. AU - Best, P. J. AU - Bieniarz, M. AU - Cohen, M. G. AU - French, W. J. AU - Fonarow, G. C. AU - Granger, C. B. AU - Goyal, A. AU - Henry, T. AU - Hollowell, L. AU - Jneid, H. AU - Jollis, J. G. AU - Katz, J. N. AU - Mason, P. AU - Menon, V. AU - Redlener, M. AU - Tamis-Holland, J. E. AU - Zegre-Hemsey, J. AU - On behalf of the American Heart Association's Mission, Lifeline AU - Get With The Guidelines Coronary Artery Disease Advisory Work, Group AU - the Council on Clinical Cardiology's Committees on Acute Cardiac, Care AU - General, Cardiology AU - Interventional Cardiovascular, Care C2 - 32363905 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048180 IS - 3 J2 - Circulation KW - percutaneous coronary intervention STEMI artificial ventilation awareness cardiologist cerebrovascular accident coronary reperfusion coronavirus disease 2019 critically ill patient echocardiography electrocardiogram emergency care emergency health service emergency ward eye protection fibrinolysis health care facility health care personnel heart catheterization heart left ventricle function heart rehabilitation heart reinfarction hospital care human hypobaric chamber laboratory personnel occupational safety pandemic patient safety patient transport prevalence priority journal protocol compliance Review screening social distance ST segment elevation ST segment elevation myocardial infarction telemedicine Betacoronavirus cardiology cardiology service consensus Coronavirus infection health care delivery hospital emergency service medical society occupational health pathogenicity practice guideline prognosis risk assessment risk factor United States virology virus pneumonia American Heart Association Cardiology Service, Hospital Coronavirus Infections Delivery of Health Care Emergency Service, Hospital Host Microbial Interactions Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Risk Factors ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CIRCA Correspondence Address: Jacobs, A.; Section of Cardiology, 72 East Concord Street, United States; email: alice.jacobs@bmc.org Funding details: Novartis Funding text 1: The Get With The Guidelines Coronary Artery Disease (GWTG-CAD) program is provided by the American Heart Association. GWTG-CAD is sponsored, in part, by Novartis, Edwards, and Amgen Cardiovascular. Dr Bieniarz reports consulting for Terumo and Abiomed, and consulting and speakers bureau for Amgen. Dr Fonarow reports consulting for Abbott, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Edwards, Janssen, Medtronic, Merck, and Novartis. Dr Granger reports no conflicts relevant to the current work. Dr Jacobs is a site principal investigator for a trial by Abbott Vascular. Dr Zègre-Hemsey receives funding through the US National Institutes of Health. Drs Ali, Best, Cohen, Goyal, Henry, Hollowell, Jneid, Jollis, Katz, Mason, Menon, Redlener, and Tamis-Holland have no relevant relationships to disclose. References: Jacobs, A.K., Antman, E.M., Faxon, D.P., Gregory, T., Solis, P., Development of systems of care for ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients: Executive summary (2007) Circulation., 116, pp. 217-230; Garcia, S., Albaghdadi, M.S., Meraj, P.M., Schmidt, C., Garberich, R., Jaffer, F.A., Dixon, S., Chambers, J., Reduction in ST-segment elevation cardiac catheterization laboratory activations in the United States during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol., 75, pp. 2871-2872; (2020) Interim Guidance for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems and 911 Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) for COVID-19 in the United States, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-forems.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Updated March 10. Accessed April 11, 2020; O'Gara, P.T., Kushner, F.G., Ascheim, D.D., Casey, D.E., Jr., Chung, M.K., De Lemos, J.A., Ettinger, S.M., Franklin, B.A., 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (2013) Circulation., 127, pp. e362-e425. , American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; Arons, M.M., Hatfield, K.M., Reddy, S.C., Kimball, A., James, A., Jacobs, J.R., Taylor, J., Oakley, L.P., Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and transmission in a skilled nursing facility (2020) N Engl J Med., 382, pp. 2081-2090. , Public Health-Seattle and King County and CDC COVID-19 Investigation Team PY - 2020 SN - 00097322 (ISSN) SP - 199-202 ST - Temporary emergency guidance to STEMI systems of care during the COVID-19 pandemic: AHA's Mission: Lifeline T2 - Circulation TI - Temporary emergency guidance to STEMI systems of care during the COVID-19 pandemic: AHA's Mission: Lifeline UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088352238&doi=10.1161%2fCIRCULATIONAHA.120.048180&partnerID=40&md5=0e3c1691f74cff4c148bfab694945b54 VL - 142 ID - 442 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Introduction: Despite historical exclusion, there has been recent recognition of the need to address the health of pregnant women in research on vaccines against emerging pathogens. However, pregnant women's views and decision-making processes about vaccine research participation during infectious disease outbreaks remain underexplored. This study aims to examine women's decision-making processes around vaccine research participation during infectious disease outbreaks. Methods: We conducted qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews with pregnant and recently pregnant women (n = 13), eliciting their views on four hypothetical Zika Virus vaccine research scenarios and probing their decision-making processes around participation. After recorded interviews were transcribed, thematic analysis was conducted based on a priori and emergent themes. Results: Most women interviewed were accepting of vaccine research scenarios. Three broad themes—evidence, risk, and trust—characterized women's decision-making processes. Women varied in how different types and levels of evidence impacted their considerations, which risks were most salient to their decision-making processes, and from whom they trusted recommendations about vaccine research participation. Exemplary quotes from each theme are presented, and lessons for vaccine development during the current COVID-19 pandemic and future outbreaks are discussed. Conclusion: Some pregnant women are accepting of participation in vaccine research during infectious disease outbreaks. Incorporating their priorities into trial design may facilitate their participation and generation of evidence for this important population. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd AD - Center for Bioethics and Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Maternal, Child, and Family Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States AU - Jaffe, E. AU - Lyerly, A. D. AU - Goldfarb, I. T. C2 - 32893036 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.059 ; Gruber, M.F., The, U.S., FDA pregnancy lactation and labeling rule - Implications for maternal immunization (2015) Vaccine, 33, pp. 6499-6500; (2018), Task force on research specific to pregnant women and lactating women. In: Report to the Health and Human Services Secretary and Congress;; https://www.fda.gov/drugs/labeling-information-drug-products/pregnancy-and-lactation-labeling-drugs-final-rule, Pregnancy and lactation labeling (drugs) final rule | FDA; n.d. [accessed March 25, 2020]; Kazma, J.M., van den Anker, J., Allegaert, K., Dallmann, A., Ahmadzia, H.K., Anatomical and physiological alterations of pregnancy (2020) J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn; Pariente, G., Leibson, T., Carls, A., Adams-Webber, T., Ito, S., Koren, G., Pregnancy-associated changes in pharmacokinetics: A systematic review (2016) PLoS Med, 13, p. e1002160; Lyerly, A.D., Robin, S.G., Jaffe, E., Rubella and Zika vaccine research-A cautionary tale about caution (2017) JAMA Pediatr, 171, pp. 719-720; Wood, M.E., Andrade, S.E., Toh, S., Safe expectations: current state and future directions for medication safety in pregnancy research (2019) Clin Ther, 41, pp. 2467-2476; Lyerly, A.D., Mitchell, L.M., Armstrong, E.M., Harris, L.H., Kukla, R., Kuppermann, M., Risk and the pregnant body (2009) Hastings Cent Rep, 39, pp. 34-42; Koren, G., Levichek, Z., The teratogenicity of drugs for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: perceived versus true risk (2002) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 186, pp. S248-S252; Widnes, S.F., Schjøtt, J., Risk perception regarding drug use in pregnancy (2017) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 216, pp. 375-378; Spier, R.E., Perception of risk of vaccine adverse events: a historical perspective (2001) Vaccine, 20, pp. S78-S84; Moniz, M.H., Beigi, R.H., Maternal immunization. Clinical experiences, challenges, and opportunities in vaccine acceptance (2014) Hum Vaccin Immunother, 10, pp. 2562-2570; Lutz, C.S., Carr, W., Cohn, A., Rodriguez, L., Understanding barriers and predictors of maternal immunization: Identifying gaps through an exploratory literature review (2018) Vaccine, 36, pp. 7445-7455; Bond, L., Nolan, T., Making sense of perceptions of risk of diseases and vaccinations: a qualitative study combining models of health beliefs, decision-making and risk perception (2011) BMC Public Health, 11, p. 943; Shavell, V.I., Moniz, M.H., Gonik, B., Beigi, R.H., Influenza immunization in pregnancy: overcoming patient and health care provider barriers (2012) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 207, pp. S67-S74; Mountifield, R.E., Prosser, R., Bampton, P., Muller, K., Andrews, J.M., Pregnancy and IBD treatment: this challenging interplay from a patients’ perspective (2010) J Crohns Colitis, 4, pp. 176-182; (2016) Clinical research involving pregnant women, 3; Nganga, S.W., Otieno, N.A., Adero, M., Ouma, D., Chaves, S.S., Verani, J.R., Patient and provider perspectives on how trust influences maternal vaccine acceptance among pregnant women in Kenya (2019) BMC Health Serv Res, 19, p. 747; Henninger, M., Naleway, A., Crane, B., Donahue, J., Irving, S., Predictors of seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy (2013) Obstet Gynecol, 121, pp. 741-749; Healy, C.M., Rench, M.A., Montesinos, D.P., Ng, N., Swaim, L.S., Knowledge and attitiudes of pregnant women and their providers towards recommendations for immunization during pregnancy (2015) Vaccine, 33, pp. 5445-5451; Lynch, M.M., Mitchell, E.W., Williams, J.L., Brumbaugh, K., Jones-Bell, M., Pinkney, D.E., Pregnant and recently pregnant women's perceptions about influenza a pandemic (H1N1) 2009: implications for public health and provider communication (2012) Matern Child Health J, 16, pp. 1657-1664 IS - 44 J2 - Vaccine KW - Decision-making Pregnancy Vaccine research Zika vaccines diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine inactivated vaccine influenza vaccine live vaccine nucleic acid vaccine unclassified drug Zika virus vaccine vaccine virus vaccine adult Article controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug research epidemic evidence based medicine female human nonhuman pandemic patient attitude patient participation pregnant woman priority journal qualitative research recording risk benefit analysis semi structured interview shared decision making social acceptance study design thematic analysis trust vaccine production Zika fever clinical trial (topic) decision making interview pregnancy complication psychology risk assessment vaccination Clinical Trials as Topic Humans Interviews as Topic Patient Acceptance of Health Care Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Pregnant Women Vaccines Viral Vaccines Zika Virus Infection LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: VACCD Correspondence Address: Goldfarb, I.T.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 55 Fruit Street, United States; email: IGOLDFARB@mgh.harvard.edu Chemicals/CAS: Vaccines; Viral Vaccines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01AI108368 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding text 1: We are grateful to all of the women who participated in our study, as well as the providers and staff at Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. All authors attest they meet the ICMJE criteria for authorship. This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01AI108368 (PI, Lyerly). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Funding text 2: This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01AI108368 (PI, Lyerly). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. PY - 2020 SN - 0264410X (ISSN) SP - 6922-6929 ST - Pregnant women's perceptions of risks and benefits when considering participation in vaccine trials T2 - Vaccine TI - Pregnant women's perceptions of risks and benefits when considering participation in vaccine trials UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090312240&doi=10.1016%2fj.vaccine.2020.08.059&partnerID=40&md5=6f8cad3991e0e4301131092f4e6616de VL - 38 ID - 326 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The COVID-19 outbreak was designated a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The relationship between vaping and contracting COVID-19 is unclear, and information on the internet is conflicting. There is some scientific evidence that vaping cannabidiol (CBD), an active ingredient in cannabis that is obtained from the hemp plant, or other substances is associated with more severe manifestations of COVID-19. However, there is also inaccurate information that vaping can aid COVID-19 treatment, as well as expert opinion that CBD, possibly administered through vaping, can mitigate COVID-19 symptoms. Thus, it is necessary to study the spread of inaccurate information to better understand how to promote scientific knowledge and curb inaccurate information, which is critical to the health of vapers. Inaccurate information about vaping and COVID-19 may affect COVID-19 treatment outcomes. Objective: Using structural topic modeling, we aimed to map temporal trends in the web-based vaping narrative (a large data set comprising web-based vaping chatter from several sources) to indicate how the narrative changed from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We obtained data using a textual query that scanned a data pool of approximately 200,000 different domains (4,027,172 documents and 361,100,284 words) such as public internet forums, blogs, and social media, from August 1, 2019, to April 21, 2020. We then used structural topic modeling to understand changes in word prevalence and semantic structures within topics around vaping before and after December 31, 2019, when COVID-19 was reported to the World Health Organization. Results: Broadly, the web-based vaping narrative can be organized into the following groups or archetypes: harms from vaping; Vaping Regulation; Vaping as Harm Reduction or Treatment; and Vaping Lifestyle. Three archetypes were observed prior to the emergence of COVID-19; however, four archetypes were identified post–COVID-19 (Vaping as Harm Reduction or Treatment was the additional archetype). A topic related to CBD product preference emerged after COVID-19 was first reported, which may be related to the use of CBD by vapers as a COVID-19 treatment. Conclusions: Our main finding is the emergence of a vape-administered CBD treatment narrative around COVID-19 when comparing the web-based vaping narratives before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results are key to understanding how vapers respond to inaccurate information about COVID-19, optimizing treatment of vapers who contract COVID-19, and possibly minimizing instances of inaccurate information. The findings have implications for the management of COVID-19 among vapers and the monitoring of web-based content pertinent to tobacco to develop targeted interventions to manage COVID-19 among vapers. ©Kamila Janmohamed, Abdul-Nasah Soale, Laura Forastiere, Weiming Tang, Yongjie Sha, Jakob Demant, Edoardo Airoldi, Navin Kumar. AD - Human Nature Lab, Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Statistical Science, Fox School of Business, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States UNC Project-China, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Guangzhou, China Southern Medical University Dermatology Hospital, Guangzhou, China School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark AU - Janmohamed, K. AU - Soale, A. N. AU - Forastiere, L. AU - Tang, W. AU - Sha, Y. AU - Demant, J. AU - Airoldi, E. AU - Kumar, N. C2 - 33001829 C7 - e21743 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2196/21743 IS - 10 J2 - J. Med. Internet Res. KW - COVID-19 Internet Modeling Narrative Social media Topic modeling Trend Vaping Web-based health information Web-based narrative cannabidiol adverse event Coronavirus infection human pandemic psychology smoking tobacco virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Smokers Tobacco Products LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Kumar, N.; Human Nature Lab Department of Sociology, 17 Hillhouse Ave, United States; email: navin.kumar@yale.edu Chemicals/CAS: cannabidiol, 13956-29-1; Cannabidiol Funding text 1: This study was funded by The Foundation for a Smoke-Free World. The funding body had no role in the design, analysis, or interpretation of the data in the study. This study was preregistered on the Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/XBVF2). References: Remuzzi, A, Remuzzi, G., COVID-19 and Italy: what next? (2020) Lancet, 395 (10231), pp. 1225-1228. , Apr; [doi]; Wu, Z, McGoogan, JM., Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA, 323 (13), pp. 1239-1242. , Apr 07; [doi] [Medline: 32091533]; Timeline of WHO’s response to COVID-19, , https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/29-06-2020-covidtimeline, World Health Organization. [accessed 2020-05-29]; Volkow, ND., Collision of the COVID-19 and Addiction Epidemics (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173 (1), pp. 61-62. , Jul 07; [doi]; Madison, MC, Landers, CT, Gu, BH, Chang, CY, Tung, HY, You, R, Electronic cigarettes disrupt lung lipid homeostasis and innate immunity independent of nicotine (2019) J Clin Invest, 129 (10), pp. 4290-4304. , Oct 01; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 31483291]; Gilpin, DF, McGown, K, Gallagher, K, Bengoechea, J, Dumigan, A, Einarsson, G, Electronic cigarette vapour increases virulence and inflammatory potential of respiratory pathogens (2019) Respir Res, 20 (1), p. 267. , Dec 18; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 31847850]; McAlinden, KD, Eapen, MS, Lu, W, Chia, C, Haug, G, Sohal, SS., COVID-19 and vaping: risk for increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection? (2020) Eur Respir J, 56 (1), p. 2001645. , Jul 19; [doi] [Medline: 32430427]; Glantz, SA., Reduce your risk of serious lung disease caused by corona virus by quitting smoking and vaping (2020), https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/reduce-your-risk-serious-lung-disease-caused-corona-virus-quitting-smoking-and-vaping, Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. [accessed 2020-04-08]; Majmundar, A, Allem, J, Cruz, TB, Unger, JB., Public Health Concerns and Unsubstantiated Claims at the Intersection of Vaping and COVID-19 (2020) Nicotine Tob Res, 22 (9), pp. 1667-1668. , Aug 24; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32285129]; Lewis, T., Smoking or Vaping May Increase the Risk of Severe Coronavirus Infection (2020) Scientific American, , https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/smoking-or-vaping-may-increase-the-risk-of-a-severe-coronavirus-infection1/, Mar 17. [accessed 2020-10-02]; PY - 2020 SN - 14388871 (ISSN) ST - Intersection of the Web-Based Vaping Narrative with COVID-19: Topic Modeling Study T2 - Journal of Medical Internet Research TI - Intersection of the Web-Based Vaping Narrative with COVID-19: Topic Modeling Study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094983591&doi=10.2196%2f21743&partnerID=40&md5=6f7634c7c7d3af87e00de484aff275c6 VL - 22 ID - 333 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of Texas Health San Antonio School of Dentistry, Dr. Jayaraman is a resident in Pediatric Dentistry Dr. Dhar is a clinical professor and chair, Department of Orthodontics & Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Md., USA;, Email: Kids Teeth Pediatric Dentistry, all in San Antonio, Dr. Zeeshan Moorani is a pediatric dentist in private practiceTX University of Texas Health San Antonio School of Dentistry, Dr. Donly is a professor and chair Department of Developmental Dentistry Department of Orthodontics & Pediatric Dentistry, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Md., Dr. Tinanoff is a professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Baltimore, United States Dr. Mitchell, Director of Sparks Dental Clinic, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Ala., USA Dr. Wright, Bawden Distinguished Professor of Pediatric Dentistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ,Chapel Hill, United States AU - Jayaraman, J. AU - Dhar, V. AU - Moorani, Z. AU - Donly, K. AU - Tinanoff, N. AU - Mitchell, S. AU - Wright, T. C2 - 32522318 DB - Scopus IS - 3 J2 - Pediatr Dent KW - Betacoronavirus child coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus infection human pandemic United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 19425473 (ISSN) SP - 180-183 ST - Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Dental Practice in the United States T2 - Pediatric dentistry TI - Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Dental Practice in the United States UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086355881&partnerID=40&md5=4e991ea31112c20c6eb6223276cb0dfb VL - 42 ID - 499 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Importance: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread throughout the US in the early months of 2020, acute care delivery changed to accommodate an influx of patients with a highly contagious infection about which little was known. Objective: To examine trends in emergency department (ED) visits and visits that led to hospitalizations covering a 4-month period leading up to and during the COVID-19 outbreak in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study of 24 EDs in 5 large health care systems in Colorado (n = 4), Connecticut (n = 5), Massachusetts (n = 5), New York (n = 5), and North Carolina (n = 5) examined daily ED visit and hospital admission rates from January 1 to April 30, 2020, in relation to national and the 5 states' COVID-19 case counts. Exposures: Time (day) as a continuous variable. Main Outcomes and Measures: Daily counts of ED visits, hospital admissions, and COVID-19 cases. Results: A total of 24 EDs were studied. The annual ED volume before the COVID-19 pandemic ranged from 13000 to 115000 visits per year; the decrease in ED visits ranged from 41.5% in Colorado to 63.5% in New York. The weeks with the most rapid rates of decrease in visits were in March 2020, which corresponded with national public health messaging about COVID-19. Hospital admission rates from the ED were stable until new COVID-19 case rates began to increase locally; the largest relative increase in admission rates was 149.0% in New York, followed by 51.7% in Massachusetts, 36.2% in Connecticut, 29.4% in Colorado, and 22.0% in North Carolina. Conclusions and Relevance: From January through April 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic intensified in the US, temporal associations were observed with a decrease in ED visits and an increase in hospital admission rates in 5 health care systems in 5 states. These findings suggest that practitioners and public health officials should emphasize the importance of visiting the ED during the COVID-19 pandemic for serious symptoms, illnesses, and injuries that cannot be managed in other settings. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Department of Health Care Policy Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave, New Haven, CT 06519, United States Information Technology Services, Yale New Haven Health System, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States AU - Jeffery, M. M. AU - D'Onofrio, G. AU - Paek, H. AU - Platts-Mills, T. F. AU - Soares, W. E. Iii AU - Hoppe, J. A. AU - Genes, N. AU - Nath, B. AU - Melnick, E. R. C2 - 32744612 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3288 32202722; Rosenbaum, L., The untold toll: The pandemic's effects on patients without COVID-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (24), pp. 2368-2371. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMms2009984, doi: 32302076; De Filippo, O., D'Ascenzo, F., Angelini, F., Reduced rate of hospital admissions for ACS during COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 88-89. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2009166, doi: 32343497; Hollander, J.E., Carr, B.G., Virtually perfect? telemedicine for COVID-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (18), pp. 1679-1681. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2003539, doi: 32160451; Melnick, E.R., Jeffery, M.M., Dziura, J.D., User-centred clinical decision support to implement emergency department-initiated buprenorphine for opioid use disorder: Protocol for the pragmatic group randomised EMBED trial (2019) BMJ Open, 9 (5). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028488, e028488. doi: 31152039; COVID-19 Data Repository by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University, , https://github.com/CSSEGISandData/COVID-19, Accessed May 12, 2020; IS - 10 J2 - JAMA Intern. Med. KW - adult Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection cross-sectional study female health care delivery hospital emergency service hospitalization human infection control male organization organization and management pandemic procedures retrospective study United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Cross-Sectional Studies Delivery of Health Care Emergency Service, Hospital Humans Organizational Innovation Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Retrospective Studies LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :40 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Melnick, E.R.; Department of Emergency Medicine, 464 Congress Ave, United States; email: edward.melnick@yale.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, U24AT009676, UH3DA047003 Funding details: National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA Funding text 1: Funding/Support: This work is supported within PY - 2020 SN - 21686106 (ISSN) SP - 1328-1333 ST - Trends in Emergency Department Visits and Hospital Admissions in Health Care Systems in 5 States in the First Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US T2 - JAMA Internal Medicine TI - Trends in Emergency Department Visits and Hospital Admissions in Health Care Systems in 5 States in the First Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089141779&doi=10.1001%2fjamainternmed.2020.3288&partnerID=40&md5=36b9d825218f65bccc9d41e89c447919 VL - 180 ID - 354 ER - TY - JOUR AB - SARS-CoV-2 utilizes the IMPα/β1 heterodimer to enter host cell nuclei after gaining cellular access through the ACE2 receptor. Ivermectin has shown antiviral activity by inhibiting the formation of the importin-α (IMPα) and IMPβ1 subunits as well as dissociating the IMPα/β1 heterodimer and has in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Plasma and lung ivermectin concentrations vs. time profiles in cattle were used to determine the apparent plasma to lung tissue partition coefficient of ivermectin. This coefficient, together with a simulated geometric mean plasma profile of ivermectin from a published population pharmacokinetic model, was utilized to develop a minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) model. The mPBPK model accurately described the simulated ivermectin plasma concentration profile in humans. The mPBPK model was also used to simulate human lung exposure to ivermectin after 12, 30, and 120 mg oral doses. The simulated ivermectin lung exposures reached a maximum concentration of 772 ng/mL, far less than the estimated 1750 ng/mL IC50 reported for ivermectin against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Further studies of ivermectin either reformulated for inhaled delivery or in combination with other antivirals with differing mechanisms of action is needed to assess its therapeutic potential. © 2020 AD - Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN) (UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Argentina AU - Jermain, B. AU - Hanafin, P. O. AU - Cao, Y. AU - Lifschitz, A. AU - Lanusse, C. AU - Rao, G. G. C2 - 32891630 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.08.024 IS - 12 J2 - J. Pharm. Sci. KW - COVID-19 Importins Ivermectin Kinetics Minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling Pharmacokinetics Pharmacometrics Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling SARS-CoV-2 antivirus agent absorption rate constant area under the curve Article clinical article coronavirus disease 2019 drug absorption drug blood level drug clearance drug disposition drug exposure drug repositioning human IC50 in vitro study maximum concentration simulation single drug dose animal Betacoronavirus biological model blood bovine computer simulation Coronavirus infection drug effect lung metabolism oral drug administration pandemic virus pneumonia Administration, Oral Animals Antiviral Agents Cattle Coronavirus Infections Humans Models, Biological Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JPMSA Correspondence Address: Rao, G.G.; UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, United States; email: gaurirao@live.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: ivermectin, 70288-86-7; Antiviral Agents; Ivermectin Funding details: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET Funding details: Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT, PICT 08-00000-00817 Funding details: Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, UNICEN Funding text 1: Funding: The study performed by Lifschitz and colleagues was partially supported by CONICET (Argentina), Universidad Nacional del Centro (Argentina), and Agencia Nacional de Promoci?n Cient?fica y Tecnol?gica (PICT 08-00000-00817) Argentina. Funding text 2: Funding: The study performed by Lifschitz and colleagues was partially supported by CONICET (Argentina), Universidad Nacional del Centro (Argentina), and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica ( PICT 08-00000-00817 ) Argentina. References: Li, W., Moore, M.J., Vasilieva, N., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003) Nature, 426 (6965), pp. 450-454; Hamming, I., Timens, W., Bulthuis, M.L., Lely, A.T., Navis, G., van Goor, H., Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis (2004) J Pathol, 203 (2), pp. 631-637; Jans, D.A., Martin, A.J., Wagstaff, K.M., Inhibitors of nuclear transport (2019) Curr Opin Cell Biol, 58, pp. 50-60; Crump, A., Ivermectin: enigmatic multifaceted ‘wonder’ drug continues to surprise and exceed expectations (2017) J Antibiot (Tokyo), 70 (5), pp. 495-505; Wagstaff, K.M., Sivakumaran, H., Heaton, S.M., Harrich, D., Jans, D.A., Ivermectin is a specific inhibitor of importin alpha/beta-mediated nuclear import able to inhibit replication of HIV-1 and dengue virus (2012) Biochem J, 443 (3), pp. 851-856; Tay, M.Y., Fraser, J.E., Chan, W.K., Nuclear localization of dengue virus (DENV) 1-4 non-structural protein 5; protection against all 4 DENV serotypes by the inhibitor Ivermectin (2013) Antiviral Res, 99 (3), pp. 301-306; Yang, S.N.Y., Atkinson, S.C., Wang, C., The broad spectrum antiviral ivermectin targets the host nuclear transport importin alpha/beta1 heterodimer (2020) Antiviral Res, 177, p. 104760; Timani, K.A., Liao, Q., Ye, L., Nuclear/nucleolar localization properties of C-terminal nucleocapsid protein of SARS coronavirus (2005) Virus Res, 114 (1-2), pp. 23-34; Wulan, W.N., Heydet, D., Walker, E.J., Gahan, M.E., Ghildyal, R., Nucleocytoplasmic transport of nucleocapsid proteins of enveloped RNA viruses (2015) Front Microbiol, 6, p. 553; Hiscox, J.A., Wurm, T., Wilson, L., Britton, P., Cavanagh, D., Brooks, G., The coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus nucleoprotein localizes to the nucleolus (2001) J Virol, 75 (1), pp. 506-512; Caly, L., Druce, J.D., Catton, M.G., Jans, D.A., Wagstaff, K.M., The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro (2020) Antiviral Res, 178, p. 104787; Lifschitz, A., Virkel, G., Sallovitz, J., Comparative distribution of ivermectin and doramectin to parasite location tissues in cattle (2000) Vet Parasitol, 87 (4), pp. 327-338; El-Tahtawy, A., Glue, P., Andrews, E.N., Mardekian, J., Amsden, G.W., Knirsch, C.A., The effect of azithromycin on ivermectin pharmacokinetics–a population pharmacokinetic model analysis (2008) PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2 (5), p. e236; Molina, D.K., DiMaio, V.J., Normal organ weights in men: part II-the brain, lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys (2012) Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 33 (4), pp. 368-372; Boron, W.F., Boulpaep, E.L., Medical Physiology E-Book (2016), Elsevier Saint Louis, UNITED STATES; Guzzo, C.A., Furtek, C.I., Porras, A.G., Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of escalating high doses of ivermectin in healthy adult subjects (2002) J Clin Pharmacol, 42 (10), pp. 1122-1133; Gonzalez Canga, A., Sahagun Prieto, A.M., Diez Liebana, M.J., Fernandez Martinez, N., Sierra Vega, M., Garcia Vieitez, J.J., The pharmacokinetics and interactions of ivermectin in humans–a mini-review (2008) AAPS J, 10 (1), pp. 42-46; Schmith, V.D., Zhou, J.J., Lohmer, L.R., The approved dose of ivermectin alone is not the ideal dose for the treatment of COVID-19 (2020) Clin Pharmacol Ther; Bray, M., Rayner, C., Noël, F., Jans, D., Wagstaff, K., Ivermectin and COVID-19: a report in Antiviral Research, widespread interest, an FDA warning, two letters to the editor and the authors' responses (2020) Antiviral Res, 178, p. 104805; Boer, F., Drug handling by the lungs (2003) Br J Anaesth, 91 (1), pp. 50-60; Klotz, U., Ogbuokiri, J.E., Okonkwo, P.O., Ivermectin binds avidly to plasma proteins (1990) Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 39 (6), pp. 607-608; Bassissi, M.F., Alvinerie, M., Lespine, A., Macrocyclic lactones: distribution in plasma lipoproteins of several animal species including humans (2004) Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 138 (4), pp. 437-444; Cao, Y., Jusko, W.J., Applications of minimal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (2012) J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn, 39 (6), pp. 711-723; Jones, H., Rowland-Yeo, K., Basic concepts in physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in drug discovery and development (2013) CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol, 2 (8), p. e63 PY - 2020 SN - 00223549 (ISSN) SP - 3574-3578 ST - Development of a Minimal Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Simulate Lung Exposure in Humans Following Oral Administration of Ivermectin for COVID-19 Drug Repurposing T2 - Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences TI - Development of a Minimal Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Simulate Lung Exposure in Humans Following Oral Administration of Ivermectin for COVID-19 Drug Repurposing UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091105367&doi=10.1016%2fj.xphs.2020.08.024&partnerID=40&md5=a8a7062a36a0f89292efa05db345ad0a VL - 109 ID - 274 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A SARS-CoV-2 hACE2 transgenic mouse infection model recapitulates a number of infection symptoms and pathology in COVID-19 patients. Pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 was able to protect mice from severe pneumonia. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. COVID-19 has spread worldwide since 2019 and is now a severe threat to public health. We previously identified the causative agent as a novel SARS-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that uses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as the entry receptor. Here, we successfully developed a SARS-CoV-2 hACE2 transgenic mouse (HFH4-hACE2 in C3B6 mice) infection model. The infected mice generated typical interstitial pneumonia and pathology that were similar to those of COVID-19 patients. Viral quantification revealed the lungs as the major site of infection, although viral RNA could also be found in the eye, heart, and brain in some mice. Virus identical to SARS-CoV-2 in full-genome sequences was isolated from the infected lung and brain tissues. Last, we showed that pre-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 could protect mice from severe pneumonia. Our results show that the hACE2 mouse would be a valuable tool for testing potential vaccines and therapeutics. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Jiang, R. D. AU - Liu, M. Q. AU - Chen, Y. AU - Shan, C. AU - Zhou, Y. W. AU - Shen, X. R. AU - Li, Q. AU - Zhang, L. AU - Zhu, Y. AU - Si, H. R. AU - Wang, Q. AU - Min, J. AU - Wang, X. AU - Zhang, W. AU - Li, B. AU - Zhang, H. J. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Zhou, P. AU - Yang, X. L. AU - Shi, Z. L. C2 - 32516571 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.027 IS - 1 J2 - Cell KW - COVID-19 human ACE2 transgenic mouse pneumonia SARS-CoV-2 angiotensin converting enzyme 2 human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 unclassified drug virus RNA dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase animal cell animal experiment animal model animal tissue Article brain controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 exposure eye female gene sequence heart interstitial pneumonia lung male mouse nonhuman organ distribution priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transgenic mouse virus genome virus load virus pathogenesis animal Betacoronavirus body weight loss C3H mouse C57BL mouse Coronavirus infection disease model genetics human interstitial lung disease pandemic pathology physiology viral tropism virology virus pneumonia Animals Coronavirus Infections Disease Models, Animal Humans Lung Diseases, Interstitial Mice Mice, Inbred C3H Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Transgenic Pandemics Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Pneumonia, Viral Weight Loss LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :112 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CELLB Correspondence Address: Yang, X.-L.; CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, China; email: yangxl@wh.iov.cn Correspondence Address: Shi, Z.-L.; CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, China; email: zlshi@wh.iov.cn Chemicals/CAS: dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, 9015-82-1; angiotensin converting enzyme 2; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Funding details: National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 31770175 Funding details: Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, XDB29010101 Funding details: Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019328 Funding text 1: We thank He Zhao and Xue-Fang An from the animal center of the Wuhan Institute of Virology for the transgenic mouse breeding. We thank Tao Du and Ge Gao from the Center for Biosafety Mega-Science for their essential support. We also thank Ding Gao from the core facility of the Wuhan Institute of Virology for their technical support. We also thank the support of Shenzhen MGI Tech Co., Ltd. for their sequencing service using MGISEQ-2000RS FAST platform. This work was jointly supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ( XDB29010101 to Z.-L.S.), China Natural Science Foundation ( 31770175 to Z.-L.S.), and a Youth innovation promotion association of CAS ( 2019328 to X.-L.Y.). Funding text 2: We thank He Zhao and Xue-Fang An from the animal center of the Wuhan Institute of Virology for the transgenic mouse breeding. We thank Tao Du and Ge Gao from the Center for Biosafety Mega-Science for their essential support. We also thank Ding Gao from the core facility of the Wuhan Institute of Virology for their technical support. We also thank the support of Shenzhen MGI Tech Co. Ltd. for their sequencing service using MGISEQ-2000RS FAST platform. This work was jointly supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB29010101 to Z.-L.S.), China Natural Science Foundation (31770175 to Z.-L.S.), and a Youth innovation promotion association of CAS (2019328 to X.-L.Y.). Conceptualization, C.S. X.-L.Y. and Z.-L.S.; Methodology, R.-D.J. M.-Q.L. and C.S.; Investigation, R.-D.J. M.-Q.L. Y.C. X.-L.Y. C.S. X.-R.S. Q.L. L.Z. Y.Z. H.-R.S. Q.W. J.M. W.Z. B.L. and H.-J.Z.; Resources, J.M. X.W. and R.S.B.; Writing ? Original Draft, R.-D.J. M.-Q.L. Y.C. and X.-L.Y.; Writing ? Review & Editing, X.-L.Y. Y.-W.Z. R.S.B. P.Z. and Z.-L.S.; Funding Acquisition, X.-L.Y. and Z.-L.S. The authors declare no competing interests. References: Chan, J.F., Zhang, A.J., Yuan, S., Poon, V.K., Chan, C.C., Lee, A.C., Chan, W.M., Wen, L., Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., , ciaa325; Channappanavar, R., Fett, C., Mack, M., Ten Eyck, P.P., Meyerholz, D.K., Perlman, S., Sex-Based Differences in Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection (2017) J. Immunol., 198, pp. 4046-4053; Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wei, Y., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513; Cockrell, A.S., Leist, S.R., Douglas, M.G., Baric, R.S., Modeling pathogenesis of emergent and pre-emergent human coronaviruses in mice (2018) Mamm. Genome, 29, pp. 367-383; Colavita, F., Lapa, D., Carletti, F., Lalle, E., Bordi, L., Marsella, P., Nicastri, E., Corpolongo, A., SARS-CoV-2 isolation from ocular secretions of a patient with COVID-19 in Italy with prolonged viral RNA detection (2020) Ann. Intern. Med.; Cui, J., Li, F., Shi, Z.L., Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses (2019) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 17, pp. 181-192; de Wit, E., van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Munster, V.J., SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 14, pp. 523-534; Frieman, M., Yount, B., Agnihothram, S., Page, C., Donaldson, E., Roberts, A., Vogel, L., Baric, R.S., Molecular determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis and virulence in young and aged mouse models of human disease (2012) J. Virol., 86, pp. 884-897; Gorbalenya, A.E., The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat. Microbiol., 5, pp. 536-544; Gretebeck, L.M., Subbarao, K., Animal Models for SARS and MERS Coronaviruses (2015) Curr. Opin. Virol., 13, pp. 123-129; Gu, J., Gong, E., Zhang, B., Zheng, J., Gao, Z., Zhong, Y., Zou, W., Xie, Z., Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS (2005) J. Exp. Med., 202, pp. 415-424; Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.H., Ou, C.Q., He, J.X., Liu, L., Hui, D.S.C., Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1708-1720; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T.S., Nitsche, A., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280.e8; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Gu, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Letko, M., Marzi, A., Munster, V., Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses (2020) Nat. Microbiol., 5, pp. 562-569; Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Wong, J.Y., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1199-1207; Li, Y.C., Bai, W.Z., Hashikawa, T., The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 may be at least partially responsible for the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients (2020) J. Med. Virol.; Lu, C.W., Liu, X.F., Jia, Z.F., 2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored (2020) Lancet, 395, p. e39; McCray, P.B., Jr., Pewe, L., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Hickey, M., Manzel, L., Shi, L., Netland, J., Sigmund, C.D., Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 813-821; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Sims, A.C., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S.S., Gralinski, L.E., Graham, R.L., Royal, S.R., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, pp. 3048-3053; Netland, J., Meyerholz, D.K., Moore, S., Cassell, M., Perlman, S., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 (2008) J. Virol., 82, pp. 7264-7275; Ostrowski, L.E., Hutchins, J.R., Zakel, K., O'Neal, W.K., Targeting expression of a transgene to the airway surface epithelium using a ciliated cell-specific promoter (2003) Mol. Ther., 8, pp. 637-645; Roberts, A., Deming, D., Paddock, C.D., Cheng, A., Yount, B., Vogel, L., Herman, B.D., Genrich, G.L., A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice (2007) PLoS Pathog., 3, p. e5; Shantha, J.G., Mattia, J.G., Goba, A., Barnes, K.G., Ebrahim, F.K., Kraft, C.S., Hayek, B.R., Schieffelin, J.S., Ebola virus persistence in ocular tissues and fluids (EVICT) study: reverse chain reaction and cataract surgery outcomes of Ebola survivors in Sierra Leone (2018) EBioMedicine, 30, pp. 217-224; Shi, J., Wen, Z., Zhong, G., Yang, H., Wang, C., Huang, B., Liu, R., Sun, Z., Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 (2020) Science; Song, Z., Xu, Y., Bao, L., Zhang, L., Yu, P., Qu, Y., Zhu, H., Qin, C., From SARS to MERS, Thrusting Coronaviruses Into the Spotlight (2019) Viruses, 11, p. 59; Tseng, C.T., Huang, C., Newman, P., Wang, N., Narayanan, K., Watts, D.M., Makino, S., Peters, C.J., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of mice transgenic for the human Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 virus receptor (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 1162-1173; Walls, A.C., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Wall, A., McGuire, A.T., Veesler, D., Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 281-292; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiong, Y., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1061-1069; Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports (2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.L., Abiona, O., Graham, B.S., McLellan, J.S., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Xu, J., Zhong, S., Liu, J., Li, L., Li, Y., Wu, X., Li, Z., Zhong, N., Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the brain: potential role of the chemokine mig in pathogenesis (2005) Clin. Infect. Dis., 41, pp. 1089-1096; Xu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, L., Zhang, C., Liu, S., Zhu, L., Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Lancet Respir. Med., 8, pp. 420-422; Yang, X.H., Deng, W., Tong, Z., Liu, Y.X., Zhang, L.F., Zhu, H., Gao, H., Ma, C.M., Mice transgenic for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 provide a model for SARS coronavirus infection (2007) Comp. Med., 57, pp. 450-459; Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.R., Huang, C.L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Lu, R., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733; Zhu, Z.B., Zhong, C.K., Zhang, K.X., Dong, C., Peng, H., Xu, T., Wang, A.L., Zhang, Y.H., [Epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China] (2020) Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi, 54, p. E022 PY - 2020 SN - 00928674 (ISSN) SP - 50-58.e8 ST - Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 T2 - Cell TI - Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086130562&doi=10.1016%2fj.cell.2020.05.027&partnerID=40&md5=546210b801fb418c9082048a240c7485 VL - 182 ID - 447 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Grounded in the multidisciplinary field of strategic risk and health communication, this study proposed and tested a new infectious disease threat (IDT) appraisal model, focused on mapping individuals’ coping strategy preferences as predicted by their perceived predictability and controllability of the disease. A 2 (predictability: high vs. low) × 2 (controllability: high vs. low) within-subjects online experimental design (N = 1,032 U.S. adults) was employed, in which four IDT scenarios (sexually transmitted infection [STI]; waterborne ID; foodborne ID; vector-borne ID) were shown to participants in a counterbalanced fashion, to examine the effects of IDT appraisals on how individuals cope with outbreaks. Results support the hypothesized model, in which assessments of predictability, controllability, and responsibility of an IDT situation drive individuals’ affect valence, information seeking, and conative reactions in passive and active ways. Findings further provide insights into what information seeking strategies and IDT coping behaviors individuals prefer based on their differential IDT appraisals, thus suggesting how public health authorities and risk communication professionals can optimally communicate about infectious diseases to help individuals understand these situations and respond appropriately. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. AD - Department of Advertising and Public Relations, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Communication, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States AU - Jin, Y. AU - Iles, I. A. AU - Austin, L. AU - Liu, B. AU - Hancock, G. R. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/1553118X.2020.1801691 IS - 4 J2 - Int. J. Strateg. Commun. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Jin, Y.; Department of Advertising and Public Relations, United States; email: yanjin@uga.edu Funding text 1: This research was supported by a seed grant from Hussman School of Journalism and Media Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. References: Akpabio, E., Management of “killer” indomie scare and impact on consumer confidence: A case study (2008) International Journal of Strategic Communication, 2 (4), pp. 244-252. , https://doi.org/10.1080/15531180802446431; Austin, L., Liu, B.F., Jin, Y., How audiences seek out crisis information: Exploring the social-mediated crisis communication model (2012) Journal of Applied Communication Research, 40 (2), pp. 188-207. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2012.654498; Avery, E.J., Park, S., Effects of crisis efficacy on intentions to follow directives during crisis (2016) Journal of Public Relations Research, 28 (2), pp. 72-86. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2016.1165681; Bless, H., Fiedler, K., Mood and the regulation of information processing and behavior (2006) Affect in social thinking and behavior, pp. 65-84. , Forgas J.P., (ed), Psychology Press, &,. (Ed; Bowen, S.A., Heath, R.L., Narratives of the SARS epidemic and ethical implications for public health crises (2007) International Journal of Strategic Communication, 1 (2), pp. 73-91. , https://doi.org/10.1080/15531180701298791; Brummette, J., Sisco, H.F., Using Twitter as a means of coping with emotions and uncontrollable crises (2015) Public Relations Review, 41 (1), pp. 89-96. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.10.009; Cahn, D., Abigail, R., (2007) Managing conflict through communication, , Pearson; (2020) Disease burden of influenza, , https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/burden/index.html; Cho, S.H., Gower, K.K., Framing effect on the public’s response to crisis: Human interest frame and crisis type influencing responsibility and blame (2006) Public Relations Review, 32 (4), pp. 420-422. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.09.011; Coombs, W.T., An analytic framework for crisis situations: Better responses for a better understanding of the situation (1998) Journal of Public Relations Research, 10 (3), pp. 177-191. , https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr1003_02; Coombs, W.T., Holladay, S.J., An exploratory study of stakeholder emotions: Affect and crises (2005) The effect of affect in organizational settings: Research on emotion in organizations, 1, pp. 263-280. , Ashkanasy N.M., Zerbe W.J., Härtel C.E.J., (eds), Emerald Group, &,. (Eds; Dalrymple, K.E., Young, R., Tully, M., “Facts, not fear” negotiating uncertainty on social media during the 2014 Ebola crisis (2016) Science Communication, 38 (4), pp. 442-467. , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1075547016655546; Detenber, B.H., Reeves, B., A bio-informational theory of emotion: Motion and image size effects on viewers (1996) Journal of Communication, 46 (3), pp. 66-84. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01489.x; Dickmann, P., Abraham, T., Sarkar, S., Wysocki, P., Cecconi, S., Apfel, F., Nurm, U., Risk communication as a core public health competence in infectious disease management: Development of the ECDC training curriculum and programme (2016) Eurosurveillance, 21 (30188). , https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.14.30188; Fast, S.M., González, M.C., Wilson, J.M., Markuzon, N., Modelling the propagation of social response during a disease outbreak (2015) Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 12 (104), p. 20141105. , https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.1105; Folkman, S., Moskowitz, J., Positive affect and the other side of coping (2000) American Psychologist, 55 (6), pp. 647-654. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.647; Forgas, J.P., When sad is better than happy: Negative affect can improve the quality and effectiveness of persuasive messages and social influence strategies (2007) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43 (4), pp. 513-528. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.006; Forgas, J.P., Can sadness be good for you? On the cognitive, motivational, and interpersonal benefits of negative affect (2016) The positive side of negative emotions, pp. 3-36. , Parrott W.G., (ed), Guilford Press,. (Ed; Fredrickson, B.L., Tugade, M.M., Waugh, C.E., Larkin, G.R., What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001 (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84 (2), p. 365. , https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.84.2.365, –376, &,.  ; Freimuth, V., Linnan, H., Potter, P., Communicating the threat of emerging infections to the public (2000) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 6 (4), pp. 337-347. , https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.10.3201/eid0604.000403; Frijda, N., Emotion, cognitive structure, and action tendency (1987) Cognition & Emotion, 1 (2), pp. 115-143. , https://doi.org/10.1080/02699938708408043; Gesualdo, F., Romano, M., Pandolfi, E., Rizzo, C., Ravà, L., Lucente, D., Tozzi, A., Surfing the web during pandemic flu: Availability of world health organization recommendations on prevention (2010) BMC Public Health, 10 (1), pp. 1-8. , https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-561; Gottfried, J., Shearer, E., (2017) Americans’ online news use is closing in on TV news use. Pew Research Center, , http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/07/americans-online-news-use-vs-tv-news-use/, September, 7; Guidry, J., Jin, Y., Orr, C., Messner, M., Meganck, S., Ebola on Instagram and Twitter: How health organizations address the health crisis in their social media engagement (2017) Public Relations Review, 43 (3), pp. 477-486. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.04.009; Hallahan, K., Holtzhausen, D., Van Ruler, B., Verčič, D., Sriramesh, K., Defining strategic communication (2007) International Journal of Strategic Communication, 1 (1), pp. 3-35. , https://doi.org/10.1080/15531180701285244; Hamburg, M.A., Challenges confronting public health agencies (2001) Public Health Reports, 116(2_suppl), 59–63, , https://doi.org/10.1093/phr/116.S2.59; Hartley, C.A., Phelps, E.A., Anxiety and decision-making (2012) Biological Psychiatry, 72 (2), pp. 113-118. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.12.027; Haun, J., Luther, S., Dodd, V., Donaldson, P., Measurement variation across health literacy assessments: Implications for assessment selection in research and practice (2012) Journal of Health Communication, 17 (sup3), pp. 141-159. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.712615; (1999), 6 (1), pp. 1-55. , Hu, L.-t., & Bentler, P. M. (, Structural Equation, Modeling; Janz, N.K., Becker, M.H., The health belief model: A decade later (1984) Health Education & Behavior, 111, pp. 1-47. , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F109019818401100101; Jardine, C., Boerner, F., Boyd, A., Driedger, S., The more the better? A comparison of the information sources used by the public during two infectious disease outbreaks (2015) Plos One, 10 (10), p. 0140028. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140028; Jeong, J.-S., Lee, S., The influence of information appraisals and information behaviors on the acceptance of health information: A study of television medical talk shows in South Korea (2018) Health Communication, 33 (8), pp. 972-979. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1323365; Jin, Y., Making sense sensibly in crisis communication: How publics’ crisis appraisals influence their negative emotions, coping strategy preferences, and crisis response acceptance (2010) Communication Research, 37 (4), pp. 522-552. , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093650210368256; Jin, Y., Austin, L., Vijaykumar, S., Jun, H., Nowak, G., Communicating about infectious disease threats: Insights from public health information officers (2019) Public Relations Review, 45 (1), pp. 167-177. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.12.003; Jin, Y., Fraustino, J.D., Liu, B.F., The scared, the outraged, and the anxious: How crisis emotions, involvement, and demographics predict publics’ conative coping (2016) International Journal of Strategic Communication, 10 (4), pp. 289-308. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2016.1160401; Jin, Y., Pang, A., Cameron, G.T., Toward a publics-driven, emotion-based conceptualization in crisis communication: Unearthing dominant emotions in multi-staged testing of the integrated crisis mapping (ICM) model (2012) Journal of Public Relations Research, 24 (3), pp. 266-298. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2012.676747; Joffe, H., Washer, P., Solberg, C., Public engagement with emerging infectious disease: The case of MRSA in Britain (2011) Psychology & Health, 26 (6), pp. 667-683. , https://doi.org/10.1080/08870441003763238; Kim, H.J., Cameron, G.T., Emotions matter in crisis: The role of anger and sadness in the publics’ response to crisis news framing and corporate crisis response (2011) Communication Research, 38 (6), pp. 826-855. , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093650210385813; Kim, H.K., Niederdeppe, J., The role of emotional response during an H1N1 influenza pandemic on a college campus (2013) Journal of Public Relations Research, 25 (1), pp. 30-50. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2013.739100; Kim, S., Pinkerton, T., Ganesh, N., Assessment of H1N1 questions and answers posted on the web (2012) American Journal of Infection Control, 40 (3), pp. 211-217. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2011.03.028; Kiwanuka-Tondo, J., Hamilton, M., Jameson, J.K., AIDS communication campaigns in Uganda: Organizational factors and campaign planning as predictors of successful campaign execution (2009) International Journal of Strategic Communication, 3 (3), pp. 165-182. , https://doi.org/10.1080/15531180902984190; Knobler, S., Lederberg, J., Pray, L.A., (2002) The challenges to post-eradication outbreaks, , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK98115/, National Academies Press, &, (Eds; Kobayashi, T., Jung, S.-M., Linton, N.M., Kinoshita, R., Hayashi, K., Miyama, T., Anzai, A., Nishiura, H., Communicating the risk of death from novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (2020) Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9 (2), pp. 1-7. , https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020580; Kott, A., Limaye, R., Delivering risk information in a dynamic information environment: Framing and authoritative voice in centers for disease control (CDC) and primetime broadcast news media communications during the 2014 Ebola outbreak (2016) Social Science & Medicine, 169, pp. 42-49. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.029; Lazarus, R., Kanner, A.D., Folkman, S., Emotions: A cognitive-phenomenological analysis (1980) Theories of emotion, pp. 189-217. , Plutchik R., Kellerman H., (eds), Academic Press, &,. (Eds; Lazarus, R., Folkman, S., (1984) Stress, appraisal, and coping, , Springer Publishing Company; LeBlanc, V., McConnell, M., Monteiro, S., Predictable chaos: A review of the effects of emotions on attention, memory and decision making (2015) Advances in Health Sciences Education, 20 (1), pp. 265-282. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-014-9516-6; Lee, S.T., Predictors of H1N1 influenza pandemic news coverage: Explicating the relationship between framing and news release selection (2014) International Journal of Strategic Commumnication, 8 (4), pp. 294-310. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2014.913596; Leung, G.M., Ho, L.M., Chan, S.K., Ho, S.Y., Bacon-Shone, J., Choy, R.Y., Hedley, A.J., Fielding, R., Longitudinal assessment of community psychobehavioral responses during the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong (2005) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50 (12), pp. 1713-1730. , https://doi.org/10.1086/429923; Liu, B.F., Austin, L., Lee, Y.I., Jin, Y., Kim, S., Telling the tale: The role of narratives in helping people respond to crises (2020) Journal of Applied Communication Research, 48 (3), pp. 328-349. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2020.1756377; Liu, B.F., Fraustino, J., Jin, Y., Social media use during disasters: How information form and source influence intended behavioral responses (2016) Communication Research, 43 (5), pp. 626-646. , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093650214565917; Liu, B.F., Quinn, S.C., Egnoto, M.J., Freimuth, V., Boonchaisri, N., Public understanding of medical countermeasures (2017) Health Security, 15 (2), pp. 1-13. , https://doi.org/10.1089/hs.2016.0074; Liu, W., Lai, C.-H., Xu, W., Tweeting about emergency: A semantic network analysis of government organizations’ social media messaging during hurricane harvey (2018) Public Relations Review, 44 (5), pp. 807-819. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.10.009; Maurer, J., Uscher-Pines, L., Harris, K., Perceived seriousness of seasonal and A1(H1N1) influenzas, attitudes toward vaccination, and vaccine uptake among U.S. adults: Does the source of information matter? (2010) Preventive Medicine, 51 (2), pp. 185-187. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.05.008; Muthén, L.K., Muthén, B.O., (2017) Mplus user’s guide, , https://www.statmodel.com/ugexcerpts.shtml, 6th, Muthén & Muthén, &, ed; Myrick, J.G., The role of emotions and social cognitive variables in online health information seeking processes and effects (2017) Computers in Human Behavior, 68, pp. 422-433. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.071; Nabi, R.L., Exploring the framing effects of emotion: Do discrete emotions differentially influence information accessibility, information seeking, and policy preference? (2003) Communication Research, 30 (2), pp. 224-247. , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093650202250881; Nabi, R.L., Myrick, J.G., Uplifting fear appeals: Considering the role of hope in fear-based persuasive messages (2019) Health Communication, 34 (4), pp. 463-474. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1422847; (2012) Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, , https://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih_diseases.pdf; Neuwirth, K., Dunwoody, S., Griffin, R., Protection motivation and risk communication (2000) Risk Analysis, 20 (5), pp. 721-734. , https://doi.org/10.1111/0272-4332.205065; Nii-Trebi, N.I., Emerging and neglected infectious diseases: Insights, advances, and challenges (2017) BioMed Research International, 2017, pp. 1-15. , https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5245021; Odlum, M., Yoon, S., What can we learn about the Ebola outbreak from tweets? (2015) American Journal of Infection Control, 43 (6), pp. 563-571. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2015.02.023; Peters, E., Lipkus, I., Diefenbach, M., The functions of affect in health communications and in the construction of health preferences (2006) Journal of Communication, 56, pp. S140-S162. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00287.x; Peters, G.J., Ruiter, R.A., Kok, G., Threatening communication: A critical re‐analysis and a revised meta‐analytic test of fear appeal theory (2013) Health Psychology Review, 7 (sup1), pp. S8-S31. , https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2012.703527; Quinn, S., Thomas, T., McAllister, C., Postal workers‘ perspectives on communication during the anthrax attack (2005) Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, 3 (3), pp. 207-215. , https://doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2005.3.207; Rains, S.A., Tukachinsky, R., An examination of the relationships among uncertainty, appraisal, and information seeking behavior proposed in uncertainty management theory (2015) Health Communication, 30 (4), pp. 339-349. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.858285; Reynolds, B., When the facts are just not enough: Credibly communicating about risk is riskier when emotions run high and time is short (2011) Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 254 (2), pp. 206-214. , https://doi.org/http://doi.10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.023; Rimal, R.N., Perceived risk and self-efficacy as motivators: Understanding individuals’ long-term use of health information (2001) Journal of Communication, 51 (4), pp. 633-654. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2001.tb02900.x; Rogers, R.W., A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change (1975) Journal of Psychology, 91 (1), pp. 93-114. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1975.9915803; Ropeik, D., Understanding factors of risk perception (2002) Nieman Reports, , https://niemanreports.org/articles/understanding-factors-of-risk-perception/, December, 15; Rubin, G.J., Amlǒt, R., Page, L., Wessely, S., Public perceptions, anxiety, and behavior change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: Cross sectional telephone survey (2009) BMJ, 339, pp. 1-8. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2651; Sato, S., Ko, Y.J., Kellison, T.B., Hot or cold? The effects of anger and perceived responsibility on sport fans’ negative word-of-mouth in athlete scandals (2018) Journal of Global Sport Management, 3 (2), pp. 107-123. , https://doi.org/10.1080/24704067.2018.1432984; Seetharaman, D., Wells, G., Hurricane Harvey victims turn to social media for assistance (2017) The Wall Street Journal, , https://www.wsj.com/articles/hurricane-harvey-victims-turn-to-social-media-for-assistance-1503999001, August, 29; Siegrist, M., Zingg, A., The role of public trust during pandemics (2014) European Psychologist, 19 (1), pp. 23-32. , https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000169; Slovic, P., Perception of risk (1987) Science, 236 (4799), pp. 280-285. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3563507; Smith, C.A., Lazarus, R.S., Emotion and adaptation (1990) Handbook of personality: Theory and research, pp. 609-637. , Pervin L.A., (ed), Guilford Press, &,. (Ed; Smith, C.A., Ellsworth, P.C., Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48 (4), pp. 813-838. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.48.4.813; Smith, C.A., Ellsworth, P.C., Patterns of appraisal and emotion related to taking an exam (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52 (3), pp. 475-488. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.475; Smith, R.A., An experimental test of stigma communication content with a hypothetical infectious disease alert (2012) Communication Monographs, 79 (4), pp. 522-538. , https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2012.723811; Smith, R.A., Zhu, X., Fink, E.L., Understanding the effects of stigma messages: Danger appraisal and message judgments (2019) Health Communication, 34 (4), pp. 424-436. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1405487; Smith, R.D., Responding to global infectious disease outbreaks: Lessons from SARS on the role of risk perception, communication and management (2006) Social Science & Medicine, 63 (12), pp. 3113-3123. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.08.004; So, J., A further extension of the extended parallel process model (E-EPPM): Implications of cognitive appraisal theory of emotion and dispositional coping style (2013) Health Communication, 28 (1), pp. 72-83. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2012.708633; Tesser, A., Smith and Ellsworth’s appraisal model of emotion: A replication, extension and test (1990) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16 (2), pp. 210-223. , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0146167290162003; Toppenberg-Pejcic, D., Noyes, J., Allen, T., Alexander, N., Vanderford, M., Gamhewage, G., Emergency risk communication: Lessons learned from a rapid review of recent gray literature on Ebola, Zika, and yellow fever (2019) Health Communication, 34 (4), pp. 437-455. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1405488; Wachinger, G., Renn, O., Begg, C., Kuhlicke, C., The risk perception paradox—implications for governance and communication of natural hazards (2013) Risk Analysis, 33 (6), pp. 1049-1065. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01942.x; Walter, N., Tukachinsky, R., A meta-analytic examination of the continued influence of misinformation in the face of correction: How powerful is it, why does it happen, and how to stop it? (2020) Communication Research, 47 (2), pp. 155-177. , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0093650219854600; Witte, K., Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model (1992) Communication Monographs, 59 (4), p. 329. , https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759209376276; (2020) Risk communication and community engagement action plan guidance: COVID-19 preparedness and response, , https://www.who.int/publications-detail/risk-communication-and-community-engagement-(rcce)-action-plan-guidance, [WHO]; (2018) Infectious diseases, , http://www.who.int/topics/infectious_diseases/en/; Wray, R., Becker, S., Henderson, N., Glik, D., Jupka, K., Middleton, S., Henderson, E., Mitchell, E.W., Communicating with the public about emerging health threats: Lessons from the pre-event message development project (2008) American Journal of Public Health, 98 (12), pp. 2214-2222. , https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.107102; Yang, Z.J., Altruism during Ebola: Risk perception, issue salience, cultural cognition, and information processing (2016) Risk Analysis, 36 (6), pp. 1079-1089. , https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12526; You, M., Joo, J., Park, E., Noh, G., Ju, Y., Emerging infectious disease content in newspaper editorials: Public health concern or leadership issue? (2017) Science Communication, 39 (3), pp. 313-337. , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1075547017705392; Zhang, X.A., Borden, J., Kim, S., Understanding publics’ post-crisis social media engagement behaviors: An examination of antecedents and mediators (2018) Telematics and Informatics, 35 (8), pp. 2133-2146. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.07.014; Zhang, Y., Jin, Y., Who’s responsible for depression? (2015) Journal of International Communication, 21 (2), pp. 204-225. , https://doi.org/10.1080/13216597.2015.1052532; Zhang, Y., Jin, Y., Tang, Y., Framing depression: Cultural and organizational influences on coverage of a public health threat and attribution of responsibilities in Chinese news media, 2000-2012 (2015) Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 92 (1), pp. 99-120. , https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1077699014558553; Zhou, Z., Ki, E.-J., Does severity matter? An investigation of crisis severity from defensive attribution theory perspective (2018) Public Relations Review, 44 (4), pp. 610-618. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.08.008 PY - 2020 SN - 1553118X (ISSN) SP - 246-271 ST - The Infectious Disease Threat (IDT) Appraisal Model: How Perceptions of IDT Predictability and Controllability Predict Individuals’ Responses to Risks T2 - International Journal of Strategic Communication TI - The Infectious Disease Threat (IDT) Appraisal Model: How Perceptions of IDT Predictability and Controllability Predict Individuals’ Responses to Risks UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091812591&doi=10.1080%2f1553118X.2020.1801691&partnerID=40&md5=87ae1bec33d1402b09a76f82eb6e7f3b VL - 14 ID - 413 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States AU - Johnson, J. D. AU - Melvin, E. AU - Srinivas, S. K. AU - Louis, J. M. AU - Hughes, B. AU - Han, C. S. C. AU - Norton, M. E. AU - Werner, E. F. C2 - 32979850 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1055/s-0040-1718401 IS - 14 J2 - Am. J. Perinatol. KW - community hospital coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 testing health care access health care personnel management health workforce high risk population human Letter obstetric delivery obstetric procedure obstetrics occupational safety pandemic polymerase chain reaction pregnant woman priority journal protection Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 standardization virus transmission Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection female laboratory technique pregnancy pregnancy complication protective equipment virus pneumonia Clinical Laboratory Techniques Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Personal Protective Equipment Pneumonia, Viral Pregnancy Complications, Infectious LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJPEE Correspondence Address: Johnson, J.D.; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Campus Box 7516, United States; email: jasmine.johnson@unchealth.unc.edu References: Brooks, J.T., Butler, J.C., Redfield, R.R., Universal masking to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission-the time is now (2020) JAMA, 324 (7), pp. 635-637; Sutton, D., Fuchs, K., D'Alton, M., Goffman, D., Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in women admitted for delivery (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (22), pp. 2163-2164; Oran, D.P., Topol, E.J., Prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A narrative review (2020) Ann Internal Med, 173 (5), pp. 362-367; (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), , Data on COVID-19 during pregnancy Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/special-populations/pregnancy-data-on-covid-19.html. Accessed July 22, 2020; Werner, E.F., Louis, J.M., Hughes, B., Han, C.S., Norton, M.E., Srinivas, S.K., Community obstetrical units less likely than academic units to have universal COVID-19 testing (2020) Am J Perinatol, 37 (10), pp. 1074-1076 PY - 2020 SN - 07351631 (ISSN) SP - 1482-1484 ST - COVID-19 Testing, Personal Protective Equipment, and Staffing Strategies Vary at Obstetrics Centers across the Country T2 - American Journal of Perinatology TI - COVID-19 Testing, Personal Protective Equipment, and Staffing Strategies Vary at Obstetrics Centers across the Country UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092248852&doi=10.1055%2fs-0040-1718401&partnerID=40&md5=6ba178c0cff08366c454312f01488711 VL - 37 ID - 272 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives To characterise current COVID-19-related research activities. Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting Clinical trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov testing interventions relevant to COVID-19. Data sources ClinicalTrials.gov was searched for COVID-19 and related terms to identify trials registered between 1 December 2019 and 1 May 2020 that test interventions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Main outcome measures We classified trials according to intervention type, and report key trial characteristics including recruitment status, location, funder type, target enrolment number, intervention model (single group, randomised or sequential assignment) and projected completion date. Results Of the 630 identified clinical trials related to COVID-19, 509 (81%) involved the study of drugs or biological agents. Of these trials of drugs and biologics, 305 (60%) use an open-label design, 43 (8%) are single blinded (participant only) and 161 (32%) are double blinded (participant and investigator). 94 (18%) of the drug/biological trials are non-randomised. Either hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine is administered as part of the study protocol in 152 (30%) of the drug/biological trials. The total planned enrolment for these hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine trials is over 200 000 participants, which represents 65% of the total planned enrolment for all registered trials of drugs or biologics. There are also at least 25 registered trials of azithromycin (n=53), convalescent plasma (n=38), lopinavir/ritonavir (n=30), stem cell treatments (n=29) and tocilizumab (n=25). 142 trials were registered in the first 3 months of 2020, and 488 trials were registered between 1 April and 1 May 2020. Conclusions These findings demonstrate a robust research response to the COVID-19 pandemic, though many of the currently planned and ongoing trials focus on a small number of potential therapies, and many also lack essential design features and power necessary to provide accurate treatment effect estimates. © 2020 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. AD - Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, United States Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Jones, C. W. AU - Woodford, A. L. AU - Platts-Mills, T. F. C2 - 32948577 C7 - e041276 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041276 IS - 9 J2 - BMJ Open KW - clinical trials statistics & research methods virology azithromycin BCG vaccine chloroquine convalescent plasma hydroxychloroquine lopinavir plus ritonavir measles vaccine tocilizumab antivirus agent lopinavir lopinavir-ritonavir drug combination monoclonal antibody ritonavir Article controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cross-sectional study human major clinical study observational study phase 1 clinical trial phase 2 clinical trial phase 3 clinical trial phase 4 clinical trial prone position randomized controlled trial Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 stem cell transplantation treatment duration United States World Health Organization Betacoronavirus clinical trial (topic) Coronavirus infection double blind procedure drug combination pandemic passive immunization register single blind procedure virus pneumonia Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized Antiviral Agents Clinical Trials as Topic Coronavirus Infections Double-Blind Method Drug Combinations Humans Immunization, Passive Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Registries Single-Blind Method LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Jones, C.W.; Emergency Medicine, United States; email: jones-christopher@cooperhealth.edu Chemicals/CAS: azithromycin, 83905-01-5, 117772-70-0, 121470-24-4; chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; tocilizumab, 375823-41-9; lopinavir, 192725-17-0; ritonavir, 155213-67-5; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Antiviral Agents; Azithromycin; Chloroquine; Drug Combinations; Hydroxychloroquine; Lopinavir; lopinavir-ritonavir drug combination; Ritonavir; tocilizumab References: Altman, D.G., The scandal of poor medical research (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 283-284; Ioannidis, J.P.A., Greenland, S., Hlatky, M.A., Increasing value and reducing waste in research design, conduct, and analysis (2014) Lancet, 383, pp. 166-175; Chavez, C., (2020) Another Wave of Coronavirus Will Likely Hit the US in the Fall, , https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/02/health/coronavirus-second-wavefall-season/index.html, Here's why and what we can do to stop it; Sanders, J.M., Monogue, M.L., Jodlowski, T.Z., Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) JAMA; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/resources/trends[Accessed11May2020], Clinicaltrials. gov: Trends, charts, and maps: U.S. National library of medicine; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/manage-recs[Accessed11May2020], Clinicaltrials. gov: Submit studies: U.S. National library of medicine; Clinical trials registration and results information submission. final rule (2016) Fed Regist, 81, pp. 64981-65157. , National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), , https://www.who.int/ictrp/en/[Accessed11May2020], WHO; Ferner, R.E., Aronson, J.K., Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19 (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1432; (2020) WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard, , https://covid19.who.int/[Accessed9May2020], WHO; Lythgoe, M.P., Middleton, P., Ongoing clinical trials for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Trends Pharmacol Sci, 41, pp. 363-382; Savovic, J., Jones, H.E., Altman, D.G., Influence of reported study design characteristics on intervention effect estimates from randomized, controlled trials (2012) Ann Intern Med, 157, pp. 429-438; Hunter, K.E., Seidler, A.L., Askie, L.M., Prospective registration trends, reasons for retrospective registration and mechanisms to increase prospective registration compliance: Descriptive analysis and survey (2018) BMJ Open, 8, p. e019983; Loder, E., Loder, S., Cook, S., Characteristics and publication fate of unregistered and retrospectively registered clinical trials submitted to the BMJ over 4 years (2018) BMJ Open, 8, p. e020037; Tan, A.C., Jiang, I., Askie, L., Prevalence of trial registration varies by study characteristics and risk of bias (2019) J Clin Epidemiol, 113, pp. 64-74; Tse, T., Fain, K.M., Zarin, D.A., How to avoid common problems when using ClinicalTrials. gov in research: 10 issues to consider (2018) BMJ, 361, p. k1452; Jones, C.W., Safferman, M.R., Adams, A.C., Discrepancies between ClinicalTrials. gov recruitment status and actual trial status: A cross-sectional analysis (2017) BMJ Open, 7, p. e017719; COVID-19 Trials Tracker, , http://covid19.trialstracker.net, Evidence-Based medicine Datalab at the University of Oxford, [Accessed 18 Aug 2020]; Global Coronavirus COVID-19 Clinical Trial Tracker, , https://www.covid-trials.org[Accessed18Aug2020], Cytel; Mehta, H.B., Ehrhardt, S., Moore, T.J., Characteristics of registered clinical trials assessing treatments for COVID-19: A cross-sectional analysis (2020) BMJ Open, 10, p. e039978; Huang, J., He, Y., Su, Q., Characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trials in China based on the registration data on ChiCTR and ClinicalTrials. gov (2020) Drug des Devel Ther, 14, pp. 2159-2164; Chalmers, I., Bracken, M.B., Djulbegovic, B., How to increase value and reduce waste when research priorities are set (2014) Lancet, 383, pp. 156-165; Ioannidis, J.P.A., Clinical trials: What a waste (2014) BMJ, 349, p. g7089; Klitzman, R., Evolving challenges and Research-Needs concerning Ebola (2015) Am J Public Health, 105, pp. 1513-1515; Li, G., Taljaard, M., Van Den Heuvel, E.R., An introduction to multiplicity issues in clinical trials: The what, why, when and how (2017) Int J Epidemiol, 46, pp. 746-755; Bangdiwala, S.I., Bhargava, A., O'Connor, D.P., Statistical methodologies to pool across multiple intervention studies (2016) Transl Behav Med, 6, pp. 228-235; Da Costa, B.R., Juni, P., Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized trials: Principles and pitfalls (2014) Eur Heart J, 35, pp. 3336-3345; Halpern, S.D., Karlawish, J.H.T., Berlin, J.A., The continuing unethical conduct of underpowered clinical trials (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 358-362; Adaptive platform trials: Definition, design, conduct and reporting considerations (2019) Nat Rev Drug Discov, 18, pp. 797-807. , Adaptive Platform Trials Coalition; Berry, S.M., Connor, J.T., Lewis, R.J., The platform trial: An efficient strategy for evaluating multiple treatments (2015) JAMA, 313, pp. 1619-1620; NIH to Launch Public-private Partnership to Speed COVID-19 Vaccine and Treatment Options, , https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launch-public-privatepartnership-speed-covid-19-vaccine-treatment-options, National Institutes of Health, [Accessed 26 Apr 2020]; Public Health Emergency Solidarity Trial of Treatments for COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized Patients, , http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN83971151, ISRCTN Registry, [Accessed 16 Aug 2020]; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04381936, ClinicalTrials. gov. Randomised evaluation of COVID-19 therapy (recovery); Glasziou, P., Altman, D.G., Bossuyt, P., Reducing waste from incomplete or unusable reports of biomedical research (2014) Lancet, 383, pp. 267-276; Borba, M.G.S., Val, F.F.A., Sampaio, V.S., Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3, p. e208857; Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., A trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1787-1799; Beigel, J.H., Tomashek, K.M., Dodd, L.E., Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 - preliminary report (2020) N Engl J Med Overseas Ed; Horby, P., Lim, W.S., Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19-Preliminary Report (2020) N Engl J Med, , RECOVERY Collaborative Group; Song, S.Y., Koo, D.-H., Jung, S.-Y., The significance of the trial outcome was associated with publication rate and time to publication (2017) J Clin Epidemiol, 84, pp. 78-84; Devito, N.J., Goldacre, B., Catalogue of bias: Publication bias (2019) BMJ Evid Based Med, 24, pp. 53-54; Rodgers, F., Pepperrell, T., Keestra, S., Missing clinical trial data: The knowledge gap in the safety of potential COVID-19 drugs (2020) MedRxiv PY - 2020 SN - 20446055 (ISSN) ST - Characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: Cross-sectional analysis T2 - BMJ Open TI - Characteristics of COVID-19 clinical trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: Cross-sectional analysis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091324620&doi=10.1136%2fbmjopen-2020-041276&partnerID=40&md5=d466b8c2b021e35e36e4574ede9bb4d8 VL - 10 ID - 362 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Introduction: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, novel approaches to diabetes care have been employed. Care in both the inpatient and outpatient setting has transformed considerably. Driven by the need to reduce the use of personal protective equipment and exposure for patients and providers alike, we transitioned inpatient diabetes management services to largely "virtual" or remotely provided care at our hospital. Methods: Implementation of a diabetes co-management service under the direction of the University of North Carolina division of endocrinology was initiated in July 2019. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the diabetes service was largely transitioned to a virtual care model in March 2020. Automatic consults for COVID-19 patients were implemented. Glycemic outcomes from before and after transition to virtual care were evaluated. Results: Data over a 15-week period suggest that using virtual care for diabetes management in the hospital is feasible and can provide similar outcomes to traditional face-to-face care. Conclusion: Automatic consults for COVID-19 patients ensure that patients with serious illness receive specialized diabetes care. Transitioning to virtual care models does not limit the glycemic outcomes of inpatient diabetes care and should be employed to reduce patient and provider exposure in the setting of COVID-19. These findings may have implications for reducing nosocomial infection in less challenging times and might address shortage of health care providers, especially in the remote areas. © Copyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2020. AD - Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB 7172, Burnett-Womack 8027, 10 Dental Circle, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7172, United States Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States AU - Jones, M. S. AU - Goley, A. L. AU - Alexander, B. E. AU - Keller, S. B. AU - Caldwell, M. M. AU - Buse, J. B. C2 - 32396395 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1089/dia.2020.0206 IS - 6 J2 - Diabetes Technol. Ther. KW - COVID-19 Diabetes mellitus Hospital medicine Inpatient medicine Telehealth Telemedicine Virtual care glucose hemoglobin A1c Article clinical handover coronavirus disease 2019 glucose blood level glucose tolerance test glycemic control health care personnel hospital patient human pandemic priority journal transitional care Betacoronavirus complication Coronavirus infection cross infection feasibility study female male patient care patient transport procedures virology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Feasibility Studies Humans Pandemics Patient Care Team Patient Transfer Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :27 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: DTTHF Correspondence Address: Jones, M.S.; Department of Medicine, Burnett-Womack 8027, 10 Dental Circle, United States; email: morgan-jones@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: glucose, 50-99-7, 84778-64-3; hemoglobin A1c, 62572-11-6 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, P30DK124723, UL1TR002489 Funding details: Eli Lilly and Company Funding details: Sanofi Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC Funding details: Novo Nordisk Funding text 1: M.S.J., A.L.G., B.E.A., S.B.K., and M.M.C. have no disclosures or conflicts of interest. J.B.B.’s contracted consulting fees and travel support for contracted activities are paid to the UNC by Adocia, AstraZeneca, Dance Biopharm, Eli Lilly, MannKind, NovaTarg, Novo Nordisk, Senseonics, vTv Therapeutics, and Zafgen as well as grant support from NovaTarg, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Tolerion and vTv Therapeutics. He is also a consultant to Cirius Therapeutics, Inc., CSL Behring, Mellitus Health, Neurimmune AG, Pendulum Therapeutics, and Stability Health. He holds stock/options in Mellitus Health, Pendulum Therapeutics, PhaseBio, and Stability Health. Funding text 2: J.B.B.’s efforts on this project were supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002489, P30DK124723) and institutional funds. M.S.J., A.L.G., B.E.A., S.B.K., and M.M.C.’s efforts were supported from institutional funds. References: Finfer, S., Chittock, D.R., Su, S.Y., Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients (2009) N Engl J Med, 360, pp. 1283-1297; Van Den Berghe, G., Wilmer, A., Hermans, G., Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU (2006) N Engl J Med, 354, pp. 449-461; Diabetes care in the hospital: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2020 (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. S193-S202. , American Diabetes Association 15; Kyi, M., Colman, P.G., Wraight, P.R., Early intervention for diabetes in medical and surgical inpatients decreases hyperglycemia and hospital-acquired infections: A cluster randomized trial (2019) Diabetes Care, 42, pp. 832-840; Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with coronavirus disease 2019-United States, February 12-March 28, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 382-386. , CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Onder, G., Rezza, G., Brusaferro, S., Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy (2020) JAMA, , [Epub ahead of print]; Bornstein, S.R., Rubino, F., Khunti, K., Practical recommendations for the management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30152-2; Garg, S.K., Rodbard, D., Hirsch, I.B., Forlenza, G.P., Managing new-onset type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and opportunities (2020) Diabetes Technol Ther, 22, pp. 431-439; Peters, A.L., Garg, S.K., The silver lining to COVID-19: Avoiding diabetic ketoacidosis admissions with telehealth (2020) Diabetes Technol Ther, 22, pp. 449-453 PY - 2020 SN - 15209156 (ISSN) SP - 444-448 ST - Inpatient Transition to Virtual Care During COVID-19 Pandemic T2 - Diabetes Technology and Therapeutics TI - Inpatient Transition to Virtual Care During COVID-19 Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085975561&doi=10.1089%2fdia.2020.0206&partnerID=40&md5=b0fc8d977c078858677f640cdaaf53ba VL - 22 ID - 488 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Infectious disease control is experiencing a paradigm shift, as pathogen sequencing technologies and digital applications are increasingly implemented for control of diseases such as tuberculosis, Ebola, and COVID-19. A new ethical framework should be a critical part of this emerging paradigm to ensure that the benefit of precision public health interventions based on advances in genomics research is not outweighed by the risks they pose to individuals, families, and vulnerable segments of the population. We suggest that the ethical framework guiding practice in this domain combines standard precepts from public health ethics with emerging ethics principles from precision medicine. © 2020, The Author(s). AD - Center for Bioethics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 333 MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7240, United States Family Medicine and Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken R232, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium AU - Juengst, E. T. AU - Van Rie, A. C2 - 33218363 C7 - 98 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1186/s13073-020-00800-y IS - 1 J2 - Genome Med. KW - Ethics Genomic epidemiology Pathogen sequencing Precision public health community care decision making genetic screening genomics human human rights medical ethics medical information Note patient participation personalized medicine priority journal public health public health problem social justice solidarity trust bioethics epidemiology pandemic Bioethical Issues COVID-19 Humans Pandemics Precision Medicine SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Juengst, E.T.; Center for Bioethics, 333 MacNider Hall, United States; email: ejuengst@med.unc.edu Funding details: Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, FWO, N° G0F8316N, T001018N Funding text 1: This work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) under Odysseus grant N° G0F8316N and TBM grant N° T001018N. The funding agency played no role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. References: Weermanthi, T., Dawkins, H., Baynam, G., Bellgard, M., Gudes, O., Semmens, J., Precision public health (2018) Front Public Health, 6, p. 121; Ladner, J.T., Grubaugh, N.D., Pybus, O.G., Andersen, K.G., Precision epidemiology for infectious disease control (2019) Nat Med, 25 (2), pp. 206-211. , Epub 2019 Feb 6; Childress, J., Faden, R., Gaareal, R., Public health ethics: Mapping the terrain (2002) J. Law Med Ethics, 30, pp. 170-178; Molldrem, S., Smith, A., Reassessing the ethics of molecular HIV surveillance in the era of cluster detection and response: toward HIV data justice (2020) AJOB, 20 (10), pp. 10-23. , PID: 32945756; Meagher, K., McGowan, M., Settersten, R., Fishman, J., Juengst, E., Precisely where are we going? Charting the new terrain of precision prevention (2017) Ann. Rev. of Human of Genomics and Human Genetics, 18. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-091416-035222; Kao, A.C., Ed., Ethics in precision medicine: Special issue (2018) AMA Ethics J, 20 (9), pp. E793-E910; Dawson, L., Benbow, N., Fletcheral, F., Addressing ethical challenges in US-based HIV phylogenetic research (2020) J Inf Dis; Johnson, S.B., Parker, M., The ethics of sequencing infectious disease pathogens for clinical and public health (2019) Nat Rev Genet, 20 (6), pp. 313-315; Milne, R., Societal considerations in host genome testing for COVID-19 (2020) Genet Med, 8, pp. 1-3. , Online ahead of print; Jackson, C., Gardy, J.L., Shadiloo, H.C., Silva, D.S., Trust and the ethical challenges in the use of whole genome sequencing for tuberculosis surveillance: a qualitative study of stakeholder perspectives (2019) BMC Medical Ethics, 20, p. 43 PY - 2020 SN - 1756994X (ISSN) ST - Transparency, trust, and community welfare: towards a precision public health ethics framework for the genomics era T2 - Genome Medicine TI - Transparency, trust, and community welfare: towards a precision public health ethics framework for the genomics era UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096300137&doi=10.1186%2fs13073-020-00800-y&partnerID=40&md5=db601eda69538883bc98d02ea77a7269 VL - 12 ID - 264 ER - TY - JOUR AB - COVID-19 threatens lives, livelihoods, and civic institutions. Although restrictive public health behaviors such as social distancing help manage its impact, these behaviors can further sever our connections to people and institutions that affirm our identities. Three studies (N = 1,195) validated a brief 10-item COVID-19 Threat Scale that assesses (1) realistic threats to physical or financial safety and (2) symbolic threats to one’s sociocultural identity. Studies reveal that both realistic and symbolic threats predict higher distress and lower well-being and demonstrate convergent validity with other measures of threat sensitivity. Importantly, the two kinds of threats diverge in their relationship to restrictive public health behaviors: Realistic threat predicted greater self-reported adherence, whereas symbolic threat predicted less self-reported adherence to social disconnection behaviors. Symbolic threat also predicted using creative ways to affirm identity even in isolation. Our findings highlight how social psychological theory can be leveraged to understand and predict people’s behavior in pandemics. © The Author(s) 2020. AD - The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC, United States AU - Kachanoff, F. J. AU - Bigman, Y. E. AU - Kapsaskis, K. AU - Gray, K. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/1948550620931634 J2 - Soc. Psychol. Pers. Sci KW - COVID-19 psychological health public health realistic threat scale validation symbolic threat LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :14 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Kachanoff, F.J.; The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States; email: fkach@email.unc.edu Funding details: Charles Koch Foundation, CKF Funding text 1: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was funded by the Charles Koch Foundation. References: Altemeyer, B., (1988) Enemies of freedom: Understanding right-wing authoritarianism, , Jossey-Bass; Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., Steer, R.A., An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties (1988) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56 (6), pp. 893-897. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893; Blow, C.M., (2020) Social distancing is a privilege: The idea that this virus is an equal-opportunity killer must itself be killed. The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/05/opinion/coronavirus-social-distancing.html, April, 5; Byrne, B.M., (1994) Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/WINDOWS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming, , Sage; Byrne, B.M., Shavelson, R.J., Muthén, B., Testing for the equivalence of factor covariance and mean structures: The issue of partial measurement invariance (1989) Psychological Bulletin, 105 (3), pp. 456-466. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.105.3.456; Carpenter, S., Ten steps in scale development and reporting: A guide for researchers (2018) Communication Methods and Measures, 12 (1), pp. 25-44. , https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2017.1396583; Chebbine, L., Coronavirus impacts religion around the world: COVID-19 is altering religious practices across the globe amid service cancellations and closures of places of worship (2020) U.S. News, , https://www.usnews.com/news/photos/2020/04/07/photos-how-coronavirus-is-impacting-religion-around-the-world, April, 7; Chen, F.F., Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance (2007) Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 14 (3), pp. 464-504; Davies, R., Partington, R., Wearden, G., Coronavirus fears trigger biggest one-day fall on US stock market (2020) The Guardian, , https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/feb/27/coronavirus-could-trigger-damage-on-scale-of-2008-financial-crisis-covid-19, February, 27; de la Sablonnière, R., Auger, E., Taylor, D.M., Crush, J., McDonald, D., Social change in South Africa: A historical approach to relative deprivation (2013) British Journal of Social Psychology, 52 (4), pp. 703-725. , https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12003; Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., Griffin, S., The satisfaction with life scale (1985) Journal of Personality Assessment, 49 (1), pp. 71-75. , https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13; Duckitt, J., Fisher, K., The impact of social threat on worldview and ideological attitudes (2003) Political Psychology, 24 (1), pp. 199-222. , https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00322; Esses, V.M., Jackson, L.M., Armstrong, T.L., Intergroup competition and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration: An instrumental model of group conflict (1998) Journal of Social Issues, 54 (4), pp. 699-724. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01244.x; Everett, J.A.C., Colombatto, C., Chituc, V., Brady, W.J., Crockett, M., (2020) The effectiveness of moral messages on public health behavioral intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic, , https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9yqs8, Preprint, PsyArXiv, [,]; Flake, J., Pek, J., Hehman, E., Construct validation in social and personality research: Current practice and recommendations (2017) Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8 (4), pp. 370-378. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550617693063; Gamez-Djokic, M., Waytz, A., Concerns about automation and negative sentiment towards immigration Psychological Science, , in press; Gelfand, M.J., Raver, J.L., Nishii, L., Leslie, L.M., Lun, J., Lim, B.C., Duan, L., Fischlmayr, I.C., Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study (2011) Science, 332 (6033), p. 1100. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1197754, …; Gosling, S.D., Rentfrow, P.J., Swann, W.B., A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains (2003) Journal of Research in Personality, 37 (6), pp. 504-528. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1; Hawryluck, L., Gold, W.L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S., Styra, R., SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada (2004) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10 (7), pp. 1206-1212. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1007.030703; Hennekens, C.H., George, S., Adirim, T.A., Johnson, H., Maki, D.G., (2020) The emerging pandemic of coronavirus: The urgent need for public health leadership, , https://www.amjmed.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0002-9343%2820%2930207-2, March, 17, Journal Pre-proof, (,)., [,]; Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., Alvarez, W., Impact of event scale: A measure of subjective stress (1979) Psychosomatic Medicine, 41 (3), pp. 209-218. , https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-197905000-00004; Hu, L., Bentler, P.M., Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives (1999) Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6 (1), pp. 1-55. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118; Jetten, J., Branscombe, N.R., Haslam, S.A., Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Jones, J.M., Zhang, A., Having a lot of a good thing: Multiple important group memberships as a source of self-esteem (2015) PLoS One, 10, pp. 1-29. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124609; Kachanoff, F.J., Kteily, N., Khullar, T., Park, H.J., Taylor, D.M., Determining our destiny: Do restrictions to collective autonomy fuel collective action (2019) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, , https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000217, Epub ahead of print 30 September 2019; Kachanoff, F.J., Taylor, D.M., Caouette, J., Khullar, T.H., Wohl, M.J.A., The chains on all my people are the chains on me: Restrictions to collective autonomy undermine the personal autonomy and psychological well-being of group members (2019) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116 (1), pp. 141-165. , https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000177; Major, B., Mendes, W.B., Dovidio, J.F., Intergroup relations and health disparities: A social psychological perspective (2013) Health Psychology, 32 (5), pp. 514-524. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030358; Matsuishi, K., Kawazoe, A., Imai, H., Ito, A., Mouri, K., Kitamura, N., Miyake, K., Mita, T., Psychological impact of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 on general hospital workers in Kobe (2012) Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 66 (4), pp. 353-360. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2012.02336.x; Maxouris, C., Almasy, S., McLaughlin, E., (2020) US coronavirus: For many Americans, a normal life is on hold, , https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/12/health/coronavirus-us-updates-cases-thursday/index.html, March, 12, (,)., CNN; McFarland, S., Webb, M., Brown, D., All humanity is my ingroup: A measure and studies of identification with all humanity (2012) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103 (5), pp. 830-853; Meredith, W., Measurement invariance, factor analysis and factorial invariance (1993) Psychometrika, 58 (4), pp. 525-543. , https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294825; O’Leary, A., Jalloh, M.F., Neria, Y., (2018) BMJ Global Health, , https://gh.bmj.com/content/3/3/e000924.abstract, Fear and culture: Contextualising mental health impact of the 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic West Africa, Retrieved March 31, 2020, from; Oyserman, D., Social identity and self-regulation (2007) Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles, pp. 432-453. , Kruglanski A., Higgins T., (eds), Guilford Press, (Eds.), (., –; Patterson, N., (2020) Layoffs, job losses—COVID-19 impact expected to play out over months, , https://wbhm.org/2020/layoffs-job-losses-covid-19-impact-expected-play-months/, March, 26, WBHM 90.3; (2020) U.S. public sees multiple threats from the coronavirus—And concerns are growing, , https://www.people-press.org/2020/03/18/u-s-public-sees-multiple-threats-from-the-coronavirus-and-concerns-are-growing/, Wave 63.5, March 10; Ro, C., (2020) Coronavirus: Why some racial groups are more vulnerable, , https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20200420-coronavirus-why-some-racial-groups-are-more-vulnerable, April, BBC; Rubin, M., Fear of self-annihilation and existential uncertainty as predictors of worldview defense: Comparing terror management and uncertainty theories (2018) The Journal of Social Psychology, 158 (3), pp. 298-308. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.2017.1341375; Sanchez, R., (2020) This past week signaled a turning point in America’s health emergency, , https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/15/us/coronavirus-pandemic-us/index.html, March, 15, CNN; Schneider, T.R., The role of neuroticism on psychological and physiological stress responses (2004) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40 (6), pp. 795-804. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2004.04.005; Schwartz, S.H., Sagiv, L., Boehnke, K., Worries and values (2000) Journal of Personality, 68 (2), pp. 309-346. , https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00099; Smith, R.D., Keogh-Brown, M.R., Barnett, T., Tait, J., The economy-wide impact of pandemic influenza on the UK: A computable general equilibrium modelling experiment (2009) British Medical Journal, 339. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4571; Steiger, J.H., Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach (1990) Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25 (2), pp. 173-180. , https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr2502_4; Stephan, W.G., Renfro, C.L., The role of threats in intergroup relations (2002) From prejudice to intergroup emotions, pp. 191-208. , Mackie D., Smith E.R., (eds), Psychology Press, (Eds.), (., –; Stephan, W.G., Stephan, C.W., An integrated threat theory of prejudice (2000) Reducing prejudice and discrimination, pp. 23-45. , Oskamp S., (ed), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, (Ed.), (., –; Stephan, W.G., Ybarra, O., Morrison, K.R., Intergroup threat theory (2009) Handbook of prejudice, pp. 43-59. , Nelson T., (ed), Lawrence Erlbaum, (Ed.), (., –; Stern, P.C., Dietz, T., Guagnano, G.A., A brief inventory of values (1998) Educational and Psychological Measurement, 58 (6), pp. 984-1001. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164498058006008; Tajfel, H., Turner, J.C., An integrative theory of intergroup conflict (1979) The social psychology of intergroup relations, pp. 33-47. , Worchel W.G., Austin S., (eds), Brooks/Cole, (Eds.), (., –; ur-Rehman, Z., Abi-Habib, M., Mehsud, I.T., Bashir, S., God will protect us’: Coronavirus spreads through an already struggling Pakistan (2020) The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/world/asia/pakistan-coronavirus-tablighi-jamaat.html, March, 26, (,). ‘; Usborne, E., Taylor, D.M., The role of cultural identity clarity for self-concept clarity, self-esteem, and subjective well-being (2010) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36, pp. 883-897. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210372215; Van Bavel, J.J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P., Capraro, V., Cichocka, A., Cikara, M., Crockett, M., Jetten, J., Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response (2020) Nature Human Behavior, , …; Viboud, C., Tam, T., Fleming, D., Handel, A., Miller, M.A., Simonsen, L., Transmissibility and mortality impact of epidemic and pandemic influenza, with emphasis on the unusually deadly 1951 epidemic (2006) Vaccine, 24 (44), pp. 6701-6707. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.067; Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Tellegen, A., Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54 (6), pp. 1063-1070. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063; Webster, D.M., Kruglanski, A.W., Individual differences in need for cognitive closure (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67 (6), pp. 1049-1062. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1049; Zárate, M.A., Garcia, B., Garza, A.A., Hitlan, R.T., Cultural threat and perceived realistic group conflict as dual predictors of prejudice (2004) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40 (1), pp. 99-105. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1031(03)00067-2 PY - 2020 SN - 19485506 (ISSN) ST - Measuring Realistic and Symbolic Threats of COVID-19 and Their Unique Impacts on Well-Being and Adherence to Public Health Behaviors T2 - Social Psychological and Personality Science TI - Measuring Realistic and Symbolic Threats of COVID-19 and Their Unique Impacts on Well-Being and Adherence to Public Health Behaviors UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088423056&doi=10.1177%2f1948550620931634&partnerID=40&md5=c9bfab7f24d7a7b34d180852110e1a8a ID - 564 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coronavirus infection causes diffuse alveolar damage leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome. The absence of ex vivo models of human alveolar epithelium is hindering an understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis. Here, we report a feeder-free, scalable, chemically defined, and modular alveolosphere culture system for the propagation and differentiation of human alveolar type 2 cells/pneumocytes derived from primary lung tissue. Cultured pneumocytes express the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor type-2 (ACE2) and can be infected with virus. Transcriptome and histological analysis of infected alveolospheres mirror features of COVID-19 lungs, including emergence of interferon (IFN)-mediated inflammatory responses, loss of surfactant proteins, and apoptosis. Treatment of alveolospheres with IFNs recapitulates features of virus infection, including cell death. In contrast, alveolospheres pretreated with low-dose IFNs show a reduction in viral replication, suggesting the prophylactic effectiveness of IFNs against SARS-CoV-2. Human stem cell-based alveolospheres, thus, provide novel insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and can serve as a model for understanding human respiratory diseases. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Tata and colleagues report defined conditions for long-term expansion and differentiation of adult human primary alveolar stem cells. Cultured AT2s are conducive to SARS-CoV-2 infection and elicit transcriptome-wide changes that mirror COVID-19 histopathology, including upregulation of inflammatory responses, cell death, and downregulation of surfactant expression, leading to pneumocyte dysfunction. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States Medical Scientist Training Program, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, United States Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, United States Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States AU - Katsura, H. AU - Sontake, V. AU - Tata, A. AU - Kobayashi, Y. AU - Edwards, C. E. AU - Heaton, B. E. AU - Konkimalla, A. AU - Asakura, T. AU - Mikami, Y. AU - Fritch, E. J. AU - Lee, P. J. AU - Heaton, N. S. AU - Boucher, R. C. AU - Randell, S. H. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Tata, P. R. C2 - 33128895 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.005 IS - 6 J2 - Cell Stem Cell KW - ACE2 ARDS cytokine storm interferons organoids pneumocytes protease respiratory cells SARS-CoV-2 surfactants angiotensin converting enzyme 2 anxa5 protein beta interferon bone morphogenetic protein caspase 3 caspase 4 chemokine CXCL14 chemokine CXCL17 chemokine epithelial cell adhesion molecule gamma interferon gamma interferon inducible protein 10 immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein interferon interleukin 1beta interleukin 32 noggin protein protein ZO1 STAT1 protein STAT2 protein surfactant protein A surfactant protein B surfactant protein C transmembrane protease serine 2 tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand unclassified drug ACE2 protein, human transcriptome adult aged animal cell animal experiment animal tissue apoptosis Article cell culture cell death cell differentiation cell proliferation cells controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 data analysis software ex vivo study female human human cell human tissue immunohistochemistry interferon production lung alveolus cell type 2 male mouse nonhuman priority journal protein expression protein localization Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 signal transduction stem cell self-renewal upregulation very elderly virus load virus release virus replication adult stem cell animal cell culture technique drug effect drug therapy enzymology immunology inflammation lung alveolus epithelium cell metabolism pathophysiology virology Adult Stem Cells Aged, 80 and over Alveolar Epithelial Cells Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Animals Cell Culture Techniques COVID-19 Humans Mice Receptors, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :15 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Tata, P.R.; Department of Cell Biology, United States; email: purushothamarao.tata@duke.edu Chemicals/CAS: caspase 3, 169592-56-7; caspase 4; gamma interferon, 82115-62-6; gamma interferon inducible protein 10, 97741-20-3; protein, 67254-75-5; ACE2 protein, human; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Interferons; Receptors, Coronavirus Tradenames: Axiovert 200, Zeiss; Direct-zol RNA MicroPrep kit; dropSeqPipe v0.3; Excel; FV3000, Olympus; HiSeq X; ImageJ; NEBNext Ultra II RNA Library Prep Kit, New England Nuclear; PowerUp SYBR Green Master Mix.; PrimeSTAR GXL HiFi DNA polymerase, Takara; Prism; R; SCTransform v0.2; StepOnePlus system, Applied Biosystems; Tecnai G2 Twin, FEI Manufacturers: advanced cell diagnostics; Applied Biosystems; FEI; New England Nuclear; Olympus; Takara; Zeiss Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF, ECCS-1542015, NR-52281 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, AI132178, AI149644, DK065988, R00HL127181, R01HL146557, R01HL153375 Funding details: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, F30HL143911 Funding details: National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, R21GM1311279 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, UC6-AI058607 Funding details: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFF, BOUCHE15R0 Funding details: Yale University Funding details: Duke University Funding details: United Therapeutics Corporation, PCT/US20/53158 Funding details: University of North Carolina Wilmington, UNCW Funding details: Duke Cancer Institute, DCI Funding text 1: We thank Brigid Hogan for advice and critical reading of the manuscript. We thank Peiying Shan (Yale University) and Randell lab members (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) for human lung preparation, the Duke Cancer Institute Flow Cytometry Shared Resource for cell sorting, the Duke University Light Microscopy Core Facility for imaging equipment and consultation, and the Duke Compute Cluster for help with computing sequencing data. This work was performed in part at the Duke University Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility, a member of the North Carolina Research Triangle Nanotechnology Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (grant ECCS-1542015 ) as part of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure. SARS-Related Coronavirus 2, Isolate USA-WA1/2020, NR-52281 was deposited by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH. Biocontainment work was performed in the Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, which received partial support for construction from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ( UC6-AI058607 ). Y.K. is a fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Overseas Research. V.S. is supported by a fellowship from Regeneration Next Initiative at Duke University. A.K. is supported by a medical scientist training program fellowship from NHLBI/NIH ( F30HL143911 ). S.H.R. is supported by Cystic Fibrosis Foundation grant BOUCHE15R0 and NIH grant DK065988 . This work was supported by a generous gift from the Chan Zuckerberg Foundation and NIH grants AI132178 and AI149644 to R.S.B. This work was supported by NHLBI/NIH ( R00HL127181 , R01HL146557 , and R01HL153375 ), NIGMS ( R21GM1311279 ), and funds from Regeneration NeXT and Kaganov-MEDx Pulmonary Research Initiative at Duke University to P.R.T. This work was partially supported by a grant from the United Therapeutics Corporation (to P.R.T.). P.R.T. is a Whitehead Scholar at Duke University. Funding text 2: We thank Brigid Hogan for advice and critical reading of the manuscript. We thank Peiying Shan (Yale University) and Randell lab members (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) for human lung preparation, the Duke Cancer Institute Flow Cytometry Shared Resource for cell sorting, the Duke University Light Microscopy Core Facility for imaging equipment and consultation, and the Duke Compute Cluster for help with computing sequencing data. This work was performed in part at the Duke University Shared Materials Instrumentation Facility, a member of the North Carolina Research Triangle Nanotechnology Network, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (grant ECCS-1542015) as part of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure. SARS-Related Coronavirus 2, Isolate USA-WA1/2020, NR-52281 was deposited by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH. Biocontainment work was performed in the Duke Regional Biocontainment Laboratory, which received partial support for construction from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UC6-AI058607). Y.K. is a fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Overseas Research. V.S. is supported by a fellowship from Regeneration Next Initiative at Duke University. A.K. is supported by a medical scientist training program fellowship from NHLBI/NIH (F30HL143911). S.H.R. is supported by Cystic Fibrosis Foundation grant BOUCHE15R0 and NIH grant DK065988. This work was supported by a generous gift from the Chan Zuckerberg Foundation and NIH grants AI132178 and AI149644 to R.S.B. This work was supported by NHLBI/NIH (R00HL127181, R01HL146557, and R01HL153375), NIGMS (R21GM1311279), and funds from Regeneration NeXT and Kaganov-MEDx Pulmonary Research Initiative at Duke University to P.R.T. This work was partially supported by a grant from the United Therapeutics Corporation (to P.R.T.). P.R.T. is a Whitehead Scholar at Duke University. H.K. designed and optimized alveolosphere cultures, analyzed the data, and edited manuscript. V.S. designed and optimized alveolosphere cultures and co-wrote the manuscript. A.T. performed alveolosphere cultures, histology, and immunostainings; analyzed the data; and co-wrote the manuscript. Y.K. designed and performed scRNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, RT-PCR, and computational analysis and co-wrote the manuscript. C.E.E. E.J.F. and B.E.H. performed viral infections. A.K. provided reagents. T.A. and Y.M. performed stainings and quantification on COVID-19 lung sections. P.J.L. and S.H.R. provided human lung tissues. R.C.B. N.S.H. and R.S.B. contributed reagents and recombinant viruses. P.R.T. designed, conceived, and supervised the work and co-wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed and edited the manuscript. A patent application (PCT/US20/53158) related to this work has been filed. H.K. and P.R.T. are listed as co-inventors on this application. P.R.T. serves as a consultant for Cellarity and Surrozen. References: Arenkiel, B.R., Hasegawa, H., Yi, J.J., Larsen, R.S., Wallace, M.L., Philpot, B.D., Wang, F., Ehlers, M.D., Activity-induced remodeling of olfactory bulb microcircuits revealed by monosynaptic tracing (2011) PLoS One, 6, p. e29423; Barkauskas, C.E., Cronce, M.J., Rackley, C.R., Bowie, E.J., Keene, D.R., Stripp, B.R., Randell, S.H., Hogan, B.L.M., Type 2 alveolar cells are stem cells in adult lung (2013) J. Clin. Invest., 123, pp. 3025-3036; Barkauskas, C.E., Chung, M.-I., Fioret, B., Gao, X., Katsura, H., Hogan, B.L.M., Lung organoids: current uses and future promise (2017) Development, 144, pp. 986-997; Barrat, F.J., Crow, M.K., Ivashkiv, L.B., Interferon target-gene expression and epigenomic signatures in health and disease (2019) Nat. Immunol., 20, pp. 1574-1583; Bartee, E., Mohamed, M.R., McFadden, G., Tumor necrosis factor and interferon: cytokines in harmony (2008) Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 11, pp. 378-383; Blanco-Melo, D., Nilsson-Payant, B.E., Liu, W.-C., Møller, R., Panis, M., Sachs, D., Albrecht, R.A., tenOever, B.R., SARS-CoV-2 launches a unique transcriptional signature from in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo systems (2020) bioRxiv; Bolger, A.M., Lohse, M., Usadel, B., Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data (2014) Bioinformatics, 30, pp. 2114-2120; Bost, P., Giladi, A., Liu, Y., Bendjelal, Y., Xu, G., David, E., Blecher-Gonen, R., Li, H., Host-Viral Infection Maps Reveal Signatures of Severe COVID-19 Patients (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1475-1488.e12; Bradley, B.T., Maioli, H., Johnston, R., Chaudhry, I., Fink, S.L., Xu, H., Najafian, B., Williams, T., Histopathology and Ultrastructural Findings of Fatal COVID-19 Infections (2020) medRxiv; Chung, M.-I., Bujnis, M., Barkauskas, C.E., Kobayashi, Y., Hogan, B.L.M., Niche-mediated BMP/SMAD signaling regulates lung alveolar stem cell proliferation and differentiation (2018) Development, 145, p. dev163014; Clementi, N., Ferrarese, R., Criscuolo, E., Diotti, R.A., Castelli, M., Scagnolari, C., Burioni, R., Mancini, N., Interferon-β-1a Inhibition of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 In Vitro When Administered After Virus Infection (2020) J. Infect. Dis., 222, pp. 722-725; Crouch, E., Wright, J.R., Surfactant proteins a and d and pulmonary host defense (2001) Annu. Rev. Physiol., 63, pp. 521-554; Desmyter, J., Melnick, J.L., Rawls, W.E., Defectiveness of interferon production and of rubella virus interference in a line of African green monkey kidney cells (Vero) (1968) J. Virol., 2, pp. 955-961; Drost, J., Clevers, H., Organoids in cancer research (2018) Nat. Rev. Cancer, 18, pp. 407-418; Dye, B.R., Hill, D.R., Ferguson, M.A.H., Tsai, Y.-H., Nagy, M.S., Dyal, R., Wells, J.M., Klein, O.D., In vitro generation of human pluripotent stem cell derived lung organoids (2015) eLife, 4, p. e05098; Felgenhauer, U., Schoen, A., Gad, H.H., Hartmann, R., Schaubmar, A.R., Failing, K., Drosten, C., Weber, F., Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by type I and type III interferons (2020) J. Biol. Chem., 295, pp. 13958-13964; Gonzalez, R.F., Allen, L., Gonzales, L., Ballard, P.L., Dobbs, L.G., HTII-280, a biomarker specific to the apical plasma membrane of human lung alveolar type II cells (2010) J. Histochem. Cytochem., 58, pp. 891-901; Habermann, A.C., Gutierrez, A.J., Bui, L.T., Yahn, S.L., Winters, N.I., Calvi, C.L., Peter, L., Jetter, C., Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals profibrotic roles of distinct epithelial and mesenchymal lineages in pulmonary fibrosis (2019) bioRxiv; Hafemeister, C., Satija, R., Normalization and variance stabilization of single-cell RNA-seq data using regularized negative binomial regression (2019) bioRxiv; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T.S., Nitsche, A., SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280.e8; Hogan, B., Tata, P.R., Cellular organization and biology of the respiratory system (2019) Nat. Cell Biol.; Hou, Y.J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Asakura, T., Dinnon, K.H., Kato, T., Mascenik, T.M., SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446.e14; Hu, H., Gehart, H., Artegiani, B., LÖpez-Iglesias, C., Dekkers, F., Basak, O., van Es, J., Korving, J., Long-Term Expansion of Functional Mouse and Human Hepatocytes as 3D Organoids (2018) Cell, 175, pp. 1591-1606.e19; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Gu, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Huang, J., Hume, A.J., Abo, K.M., Werder, R.B., Villacorta-Martin, C., Alysandratos, K.-D., Beermann, M.L., Olejnik, J., SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human Lung Alveolar Type 2 Cells Elicits a Rapid Epithelial-Intrinsic Inflammatory Response (2020) Cell Stem Cell; Huch, M., Dorrell, C., Boj, S.F., van Es, J.H., Li, V.S.W., van de Wetering, M., Sato, T., Finegold, M.J., In vitro expansion of single Lgr5+ liver stem cells induced by Wnt-driven regeneration (2013) Nature, 494, pp. 247-250; Jacob, A., Morley, M., Hawkins, F., McCauley, K.B., Jean, J.C., Heins, H., Na, C.-L., Hurley, K., Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Functional Lung Alveolar Epithelial Cells (2017) Cell Stem Cell, 21, pp. 472-488.e10; Jacob, F., Pather, S.R., Huang, W.-K., Zhang, F., Wong, S.Z.H., Zhou, H., Cubitt, B., Xu, M., Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells and Brain Organoids Reveal SARS-CoV-2 Neurotropism Predominates in Choroid Plexus Epithelium (2020) Cell Stem Cell; Katsura, H., Kobayashi, Y., Tata, P.R., Hogan, B.L.M., IL-1 and TNFα Contribute to the Inflammatory Niche to Enhance Alveolar Regeneration (2019) Stem Cell Reports, 12, pp. 657-666; Kebaabetswe, L.P., Haick, A.K., Gritsenko, M.A., Fillmore, T.L., Chu, R.K., Purvine, S.O., Webb-Robertson, B.-J., Waters, K.M., Proteomic analysis reveals down-regulation of surfactant protein B in murine type II pneumocytes infected with influenza A virus (2015) Virology, 483, pp. 96-107; Kim, D., Paggi, J.M., Park, C., Bennett, C., Salzberg, S.L., Graph-based genome alignment and genotyping with HISAT2 and HISAT-genotype (2019) Nat. Biotechnol., 37, pp. 907-915; Koerner, I., Kochs, G., Kalinke, U., Weiss, S., Staeheli, P., Protective role of beta interferon in host defense against influenza A virus (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 2025-2030; Kuleshov, M.V., Jones, M.R., Rouillard, A.D., Fernandez, N.F., Duan, Q., Wang, Z., Koplev, S., Lachmann, A., Enrichr: a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update (2016) Nucleic Acids Res., 44, pp. W90-W97; Lamers, M.M., Beumer, J., van der Vaart, J., Knoops, K., Puschhof, J., Breugem, T.I., Ravelli, R.B.G., Duimel, H.Q., SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes (2020) Science, 369, pp. 50-54; Lancaster, M.A., Huch, M., Disease modelling in human organoids (2019) Dis. Model. Mech., 12, p. dmm039347; Lancaster, M.A., Knoblich, J.A., Organogenesis in a dish: modeling development and disease using organoid technologies (2014) Science, 345, p. 1247125; Lee, J.-H., Kim, J., Gludish, D., Roach, R.R., Saunders, A.H., Barrios, J., Woo, A.J., Fujiwara, Y., Surfactant protein-C chromatin-bound green fluorescence protein reporter mice reveal heterogeneity of surfactant protein C-expressing lung cells (2013) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 48, pp. 288-298; Letko, M., Marzi, A., Munster, V., Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses (2020) Nat. Microbiol., 5, pp. 562-569; Li, H., Handsaker, B., Wysoker, A., Fennell, T., Ruan, J., Homer, N., Marth, G., Durbin, R., The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools (2009) Bioinformatics, 25, pp. 2078-2079; Liao, Y., Smyth, G.K., Shi, W., featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features (2014) Bioinformatics, 30, pp. 923-930; Liao, M., Liu, Y., Yuan, J., Wen, Y., Xu, G., Zhao, J., Cheng, L., Wang, F., Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 842-844; Love, M.I., Huber, W., Anders, S., Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2 (2014) Genome Biol., 15, p. 550; Macosko, E.Z., Basu, A., Satija, R., Nemesh, J., Shekhar, K., Goldman, M., Tirosh, I., Martersteck, E.M., Highly Parallel Genome-wide Expression Profiling of Individual Cells Using Nanoliter Droplets (2015) Cell, 161, pp. 1202-1214; Martin, M., Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads (2011) EMBnet. J., 17, pp. 10-12; Mason, R.J., Williams, M.C., Phospholipid composition and ultrastructure of A549 cells and other cultured pulmonary epithelial cells of presumed type II cell origin (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 617, pp. 36-50; McCormack, F.X., Whitsett, J.A., The pulmonary collectins, SP-A and SP-D, orchestrate innate immunity in the lung (2002) J. Clin. Invest., 109, pp. 707-712; McQualter, J.L., Yuen, K., Williams, B., Bertoncello, I., Evidence of an epithelial stem/progenitor cell hierarchy in the adult mouse lung (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, pp. 1414-1419; Menachery, V.D., Eisfeld, A.J., Schäfer, A., Josset, L., Sims, A.C., Proll, S., Fan, S., Tilton, S.C., Pathogenic influenza viruses and coronaviruses utilize similar and contrasting approaches to control interferon-stimulated gene responses (2014) mBio, 5, p. e01174. , e14; Monteil, V., Kwon, H., Prado, P., Hagelkrüys, A., Wimmer, R.A., Stahl, M., Leopoldi, A., Prosper, F., Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Engineered Human Tissues Using Clinical-Grade Soluble Human ACE2 (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 905-913.e7; Muus, C., Luecken, M.D., Eraslan, G., Waghray, A., Heimberg, G., Sikkema, L., Kobayashi, Y., Smilie, C., Integrated analyses of single-cell atlases reveal age, gender, and smoking status associations with cell type-specific expression of mediators of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry and highlights inflammatory programs in putative target cells (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.04.19.049254; Neal, J.T., Li, X., Zhu, J., Giangarra, V., Grzeskowiak, C.L., Ju, J., Liu, I.H., Smith, A.R., Organoid Modeling of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment (2018) Cell, 175, pp. 1972-1988.e16; Nikolić, M.Z., Sun, D., Rawlins, E.L., Human lung development: recent progress and new challenges (2018) Development, 145, p. dev163485; Osada, N., Kohara, A., Yamaji, T., Hirayama, N., Kasai, F., Sekizuka, T., Kuroda, M., Hanada, K., The genome landscape of the african green monkey kidney-derived vero cell line (2014) DNA Res., 21, pp. 673-683; Peng, W.C., Logan, C.Y., Fish, M., Anbarchian, T., Aguisanda, F., Álvarez-Varela, A., Wu, P., Li, B., Inflammatory Cytokine TNFα Promotes the Long-Term Expansion of Primary Hepatocytes in 3D Culture (2018) Cell, 175, pp. 1607-1619.e15; Platanias, L.C., Mechanisms of type-I- and type-II-interferon-mediated signalling (2005) Nat. Rev. Immunol., 5, pp. 375-386; Ramani, A., Müller, L., Ostermann, P.N., Gabriel, E., Abida-Islam, P., Müller-Schiffmann, A., Mariappan, A., Walker, A., SARS-CoV-2 targets neurons of 3D human brain organoids (2020) EMBO J., 39, p. e106230; Rock, J.R., Barkauskas, C.E., Cronce, M.J., Xue, Y., Harris, J.R., Liang, J., Noble, P.W., Hogan, B.L.M., Multiple stromal populations contribute to pulmonary fibrosis without evidence for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, pp. E1475-E1483; Shiraishi, K., Shichino, S., Ueha, S., Nakajima, T., Hashimoto, S., Yamazaki, S., Matsushima, K., Mesenchymal-Epithelial Interactome Analysis Reveals Essential Factors Required for Fibroblast-Free Alveolosphere Formation (2019) iScience, 11, pp. 318-333; Shiraishi, K., Nakajima, T., Shichino, S., Deshimaru, S., Matsushima, K., Ueha, S., In vitro expansion of endogenous human alveolar epithelial type II cells in fibroblast-free spheroid culture (2019) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 515, pp. 579-585; Stuart, T., Butler, A., Hoffman, P., Hafemeister, C., Papalexi, E., Mauck, W.M., 3rd, Hao, Y., Satija, R., Comprehensive Integration of Single-Cell Data (2019) Cell, 177, pp. 1888-1902.e21; Sungnak, W., Huang, N., Bécavin, C., Berg, M., Queen, R., Litvinukova, M., Talavera-López, C., Sampaziotis, F., SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 681-687; Syedbasha, M., Egli, A., Interferon Lambda: Modulating Immunity in Infectious Diseases (2017) Front. Immunol., 8, p. 119; Takashima, S., Martin, M.L., Jansen, S.A., Fu, Y., Bos, J., Chandra, D., O'Connor, M.H., Kuttiyara, J., T cell-derived interferon-γ programs stem cell death in immune-mediated intestinal damage (2019) Sci. Immunol., 4, p. eaay8556; Ujie, M., Takada, K., Kiso, M., Sakai-Tagawa, Y., Ito, M., Nakamura, K., Watanabe, S., Kawaoka, Y., Long-term culture of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells enhances the replication of human influenza A viruses (2019) J. Gen. Virol., 100, pp. 1345-1349; Velasco, S., Kedaigle, A.J., Simmons, S.K., Nash, A., Rocha, M., Quadrato, G., Paulsen, B., Regev, A., Individual brain organoids reproducibly form cell diversity of the human cerebral cortex (2019) Nature, 570, pp. 523-527; Weiner, A.I., Jackson, S.R., Zhao, G., Quansah, K.K., Farshchian, J.N., Neupauer, K.M., Littauer, E.Q., Scott Worthen, G., Mesenchyme-free expansion and transplantation of adult alveolar progenitor cells: steps toward cell-based regenerative therapies (2019) NPJ Regen. Med., 4, p. 17; Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1239-1242; Yamamoto, Y., Gotoh, S., Korogi, Y., Seki, M., Konishi, S., Ikeo, S., Sone, N., Muro, S., Long-term expansion of alveolar stem cells derived from human iPS cells in organoids (2017) Nat. Methods, 14, pp. 1097-1106; Yang, L., Han, Y., Nilsson-Payant, B.E., Gupta, V., Wang, P., Duan, X., Tang, X., Jaffré, F., A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-based Platform to Study SARS-CoV-2 Tropism and Model Virus Infection in Human Cells and Organoids (2020) Cell Stem Cell, 27, pp. 125-136.e7; Zacharias, W.J., Frank, D.B., Zepp, J.A., Morley, M.P., Alkhaleel, F.A., Kong, J., Zhou, S., Morrisey, E.E., Regeneration of the lung alveolus by an evolutionarily conserved epithelial progenitor (2018) Nature, 555, pp. 251-255; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Lu, R., A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733; Ziegler, C.G.K., Allon, S.J., Nyquist, S.K., Mbano, I.M., Miao, V.N., Tzouanas, C.N., Cao, Y., Hauser, B.M., SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1016-1035.e19 PY - 2020 SN - 19345909 (ISSN) SP - 890-904.e8 ST - Human Lung Stem Cell-Based Alveolospheres Provide Insights into SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Interferon Responses and Pneumocyte Dysfunction T2 - Cell Stem Cell TI - Human Lung Stem Cell-Based Alveolospheres Provide Insights into SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Interferon Responses and Pneumocyte Dysfunction UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095729555&doi=10.1016%2fj.stem.2020.10.005&partnerID=40&md5=ecbe5661217954a507eee5b41e053f34 VL - 27 ID - 247 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose: During the COVID-19 epidemic, it is critical to understand how the need for hospital care in rural areas aligns with the capacity across states. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to estimate the number of adults who have an elevated risk of serious illness if they are infected with coronavirus in metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural areas for each state. Study data included 430,949 survey responses representing over 255.2 million noninstitutionalized US adults. For data on hospital beds, aggregate survey data were linked to data from the 2017 Area Health Resource Files by state and metropolitan status. Findings: About 50% of rural residents are at high risk for hospitalization and serious illness if they are infected with COVID-19, compared to 46.9% and 40.0% in micropolitan and metropolitan areas, respectively. In 19 states, more than 50% of rural populations are at high risk for serious illness if infected. Rural residents will generate an estimated 10% more hospitalizations for COVID-19 per capita than urban residents given equal infection rates. Conclusion: More than half of rural residents are at increased risk of hospitalization and death if infected with COVID-19. Experts expect COVID-19 burden to outpace hospital capacity across the country, and rural areas are no exception. Policy makers need to consider supply chain modifications, regulatory changes, and financial assistance policies to assist rural communities in caring for people affected by COVID-19. © 2020 National Rural Health Association AD - Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Cecil G. Sheps Center, North Carolina Rural Health Research Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Kaufman, B. G. AU - Whitaker, R. AU - Pink, G. AU - Holmes, G. M. C2 - 32603030 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/jrh.12481 IS - 4 J2 - J. Rural Health KW - access to care COVID-19 health care utilization rural health serious illness adult Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection female hospital human male organization and management pandemic rural health care rural population severity of illness index United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Hospitals, Rural Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Rural Health Services LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JRHEE Correspondence Address: Kaufman, B.G.; Margolis Center for Health Policy, United States; email: Brystana.kaufman@duke.edu References: McNamara, A., Trump says he doesn't think a national lockdown will be necessary. CBS News, , https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-latest-news-2020-03-20/#post-update-f41f88c8, Published 2020. Accessed March 20, 2020; First case of community spread COVID-19 confirmed in North Carolina, , https://www.wbtv.com/2020/03/19/first-case-community-spread-covid-confirmed-north-carolina/, Accessed March 21, 2020; Alamance, Orange counties have first COVID-19 cases, , https://www.thetimesnews.com/news/20200320/alamance-orange-counties-have-first-covid-19-cases, Accessed March 21, 2020; Olguin, G., Rural clinic in Oklahoma facing uphill battle as COVID-19 cases pile up, , https://ktul.com/news/local/rural-clinic-in-oklahoma-facing-uphill-battle-as-covid-19-cases-pile-up, Published 2020. Accessed March 21, 2020; Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., World Health Organization declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) Int J Surg, 76, pp. 71-76; Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Qin, Q., Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures (2020) J Med Virol, 92 (6), pp. 568-576; Cai, J., Sun, W., Huang, J., Gamber, M., Wu, J., He, G., Indirect virus transmission in cluster of COVID-19 cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020 (2020) Centers Dis Contr Emerg Infect Dis, 26 (6), pp. 1343-1345; Behavioral risk factors surveillance survey, , https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/data_documentation/index.htm, Published 2018. Accessed March 20, 2020; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395 (10223), pp. 497-506; Koma, W., Neuman, T., Claxton, G., Rae, M., Kates, J., Michaud, J., How many adults are at risk of serious illness if infected with coronavirus? Kaiser Family Foundation. Data Note, , https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/issue-brief/how-many-adults-are-at-risk-of-serious-illness-if-infected-with-coronavirus/, Published 2020. Accessed March 22, 2020; Halpin, D.M.G., Faner, R., Sibila, O., Badia, J.R., Agusti, A., Do chronic respiratory diseases or their treatment affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection? (2020) The Lancet, 8; Moghadas, S.M., Shoukat, A., Fitzpatrick, M.C., Projecting hospital utilization during the COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 117 (16), pp. 9122-9126; Tsai, T., Jacobson, B., Jha, A., American hospital capacity and projected need for COVID-19 patient care (2020) Health Affairs Blog, , https://doi.org/10.1377/hblog20200317.457910, Accessed June 10, 2020; Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)—United States, February 12–March 16, 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, , https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6912e2.htm#F1_down, Published 2020. Accessed March 21, 2020; Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1708-1720; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10229); Rural Hospital Closures: January 2005, , https://www.shepscenter.unc.edu/programs-projects/rural-health/rural-hospital-closures/, Chapel Hill, NC, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, Published 2020. Accessed March 21, 2020; Zuraw, L., Millions of older Americans live in counties with no ICU beds as pandemic intensifies. Kaiser Family Foundation, , https://khn.org/news/as-coronavirus-spreads-widely-millions-of-older-americans-live-in-counties-with-no-icu-beds/, Published 2020. Accessed March 20, 2020; Probst, J., Eberth, J.M., Crouch, E., Structural urbanism contributes to poorer health outcomes for rural America (2019) Health Aff (Millwood), 38 (12), pp. 1976-1984; Clark, D., Lawmakers seeking rural COVID-19 response coordination. Homeland Preparedness New, , https://homelandprepnews.com/stories/45951-lawmakers-seeking-rural-covid-19-response-coordination/, Published 2020., Accessed March 21, 2020; COVID-19 emergency declaration health care providers fact sheet, , https://www.cms.gov/files/document/covid19-emergency-declaration-health-care-providers-fact-sheet.pdf, Published 2020. Accessed March 21, 2020; Holmes, G.M., Kaufman, B.G., Pink, G.H., Predicting financial distress and closure in rural hospitals (2017) J Rural Health, 33 (3), pp. 239-249; (2019) CAH Financial Indicators Report: Summary of Indicator Medians by State, , Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina; Diaz, A., Chhabra, K., Scott, J., The COVID-19 pandemic and rural hospitals—adding insult to injury (2020) Health Affairs Blog, , https://doi.org/10.1377/hblog20200429.583513, Accessed June 10, 2020; HHS begins distribution of payments to hospitals with high COVID-19 admissions, , https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/05/01/hhs-begins-distribution-of-payments-to-hospitals-with-high-covid-19-admissions-rural-providers.html, Rural Providers [press release]. May 1, 2020., Accessed June 4, 2020; PY - 2020 SN - 0890765X (ISSN) SP - 584-590 ST - Half of Rural Residents at High Risk of Serious Illness Due to COVID-19, Creating Stress on Rural Hospitals T2 - Journal of Rural Health TI - Half of Rural Residents at High Risk of Serious Illness Due to COVID-19, Creating Stress on Rural Hospitals UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087165917&doi=10.1111%2fjrh.12481&partnerID=40&md5=79376b5252e708df33aaa2f944c41de7 VL - 36 ID - 400 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective: To create an online visualization to support fatality management in North Carolina. Materials and Methods: A web application aggregates online datasets for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection rates and morgue utilization. The data are visualized through an interactive, online dashboard. Results: The web application was shared with state and local public health officials across North Carolina. Users could adjust interactive maps and other statistical charts to view live reports of metrics at multiple aggregation levels (eg, county or region). The application also provides access to detailed tabular data for individual facilities. Discussion: Stakeholders found this tool helpful for providing situational awareness of capacity, hotspots, and utilization fluctuations. Timely reporting of facility and county data were key, and future work can help streamline the data collection process. There is potential to generalize the technology to other use cases. Conclusions: This dashboard facilitates fatality management by visualizing county and regional aggregate statistics in North Carolina. © The Author(s) 2020. AD - Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Department of Family Medicine, Preventive Medicine Residency Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, United States Carolina Health Informatics Program, School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Kaul, S. AU - Coleman, C. AU - Gotz, D. C2 - 33040152 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/jamia/ocaa146 IS - 12 J2 - J. Am. Med. Informatics Assoc. KW - Computer graphics Medical informatics Pandemics Population surveillance Public health Article coronavirus disease 2019 data visualization fatality health survey human infection rate Internet morgue North Carolina online system pandemic computer interface epidemiology information processing mortality procedures COVID-19 Datasets as Topic Humans User-Computer Interface LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAMAF Correspondence Address: Gotz, D.; Carolina Health Informatics Program, Manning Hall, United States; email: gotz@unc.edu References: Dong, E, Du, H, Gardner, L., An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (5), pp. 533-534; Preliminary estimate of excess mortality during the COVID-19 outbreak—New York City, March 11–May 2, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (19), pp. 603-605; Feuer, A, Salcedo, A., New York City deploys 45 mobile morgues as virus strains funeral homes The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-bodies.html, Accessed May 28, 2020; Shneiderman, B, Plaisant, C, Hesse, B., Improving healthcare with interactive visualization (2013) Computer, 46 (5), pp. 58-66; Preim, B, Lawonn, K., A survey of visual analytics for public health (2020) Comput Graphics Forum, 39 (1), pp. 543-580; Coronavirus live map; US coronavirus cases by county, , https://usafacts.org/visualizations/coronavirus-covid-19-spread-map/, USAFacts. Accessed June 10, 2020; ReadyOp: A vanguard of crisis communication, , https://emergency-management.govciooutlook.com/vendor/readyop-a-vanguard-of-crisis-communication-cid-519-mid-54.html, Accessed June 10, 2020; Google Sheets: free online spreadsheets for personal use, , https://www.google.com/sheets/about/, Google. Accessed June 10, 2020; Spurlock, J., (2013) Bootstrap: Responsive Web Development, , Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, Inc; Bostock, M, Ogievetsky, V, Heer, J., D3 data-driven documents (2011) IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graphics, 17 (12), pp. 2301-2309; Bostock, M., (2017) D3.js; data-driven documents, , https://d3js.org/, Accessed June 10, 2020; Wu, DTY, Chen, AT, Manning, JD, Evaluating visual analytics for health informatics applications: a systematic review from the American Medical Informatics Association Visual Analytics Working Group Task Force on Evaluation (2019) J Am Med Inform Assoc, 26 (4), pp. 314-323; German, RR, Lee, LM, Horan, JM, Milstein, RL, Pertowski, CA, Waller, MN, Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems: recommendations from the Guidelines Working Group (2001) MMWR Recomm Rep, 50 (RR-13), pp. 1-35. , Guidelines Working Group, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). quiz CE1-7. PMID: 18634202 PY - 2020 SN - 10675027 (ISSN) SP - 1943-1948 ST - A rapidly deployed, interactive, online visualization system to support fatality management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic T2 - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association TI - A rapidly deployed, interactive, online visualization system to support fatality management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098456833&doi=10.1093%2fjamia%2focaa146&partnerID=40&md5=3929cb8ba1f3efbcea856dcd78c982a1 VL - 27 ID - 255 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Pediatric pulmonologists have been involved in the care of adult COVID-19 patients in a variety of ways, particularly in areas with a high concentration of cases. This invited commentary is a series of questions to Dr Mikhail Kazachkov, a pediatric pulmonologist at New York University, about his experiences to date in a major COVID-19 “hotspot” and his thoughts about how other pediatric pulmonologists facing this situation can best support their colleagues. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC AD - Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pediatrics, Mass General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States AU - Kazachkov, M. AU - Noah, T. L. AU - Murphy, T. M. C2 - 32761974 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/ppul.25010 IS - 10 J2 - Pediatr. Pulmonol. KW - Children's Hospital COVID-19 epidemiology pediatric pulmonologist coronavirus disease 2019 emergency health service emotional stability extracorporeal oxygenation futurology health care facility human infection control medical intensive care unit Note pandemic patient care pediatric hospital pediatric patient physician attitude priority journal professional competence pulmonologist rapid response team respiratory tract disease teamwork work experience adult child emotion hospital pediatrics professional standard psychology pulmonology therapy Emotions Hospitals, Pediatric Humans Pandemics Patient Care Team Professional Role Pulmonary Medicine Pulmonologists SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PEPUE Correspondence Address: Kazachkov, M.; Division of Pulmonology, United States; email: Mikhail.Kazachkov@nyulangone.org References: Jain, V., Yuan, J.M., Predictive symptoms and comorbidities for severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit admission: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Int J Public Health, 29, pp. 1-14; Lighter, J., Phillips, M., Hochman, S., Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 71, pp. 896-897; Griffin, K.M., Karas, M.G., Ivascu, N.S., Lief, L., Hospital preparedness for COVID-19: a practical guide from a critical care perspective (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 201 (11), pp. 1337-1344; Alhazzani, W., Møller, M.H., Arabi, Y.M., Surviving sepsis campaign: guidelines on the management of critically Ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Critical Care Med, 48 (6), pp. e440-e469 PY - 2020 SN - 87556863 (ISSN) SP - 2592-2595 ST - The roles of a pediatric pulmonologist during the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Pediatric Pulmonology TI - The roles of a pediatric pulmonologist during the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089461079&doi=10.1002%2fppul.25010&partnerID=40&md5=e91afe1b72f4a7bbbd1559a1c6ad1190 VL - 55 ID - 352 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As in the response to the Haiti earthquake (and other public health crises), we advocate for an awareness of certain guiding principles during a crisis: be informed, keep it simple, and think tactically and strategically simultaneously (eg, clear the streets immediately while building strategic partnerships for the future). These guiding principles lead to concrete actions to be taken on a daily basis to improve situational awareness, support adaptive decision making, and communicate with simplicity and clarity while managing energy for the long term. We also emphasize the importance of a systematic approach to learning from experience-both in the midst of the response and afterward. As a result of adherence to these principles and best practices, public health organizations will enhance their ability to provide essential services and to save lives. Furthermore, by doing so, organizations that succeed in addressing the COVID pandemic leadership challenges will emerge as stronger organizations that are better positioned for whatever the future may hold. © 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. AD - Emory University Goizueta Business School, Atlanta, GA, United States Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States AU - Keen, P. K. AU - Gilkey, R. AU - Baker, E. L. C2 - 32732726 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001207 IS - 5 J2 - J. Public Health Manage. Pract. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Baker, E.L.25 Vassal Lane, United States; email: edwardlbaker@gmail.com References: Baker, E.L., Irwin, R., Matthews, G., Thoughts on adaptive leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Public Health Manag Pract, 26 (4), pp. 378-379. , https://jphmpdirect.com/2020/03/19/thoughts-on-adaptive-leadership-during-the-covid-19-pandemic, Accessed April 20, 2020; Keen, P.K., Peixoto, F., Nolan, C.W., Kimmey, J.L., Althouse, J., Relationships matter - Humanitarian assistance and disaster relief in Haiti (2010) Mil Rev, 90 (3), pp. 1-12; Baker, E.L., Gilkey, R., Asking better questions - A core leadership skill (2020) J Public Health Manage Practice PY - 2020 SN - 10784659 (ISSN) SP - 503-505 ST - Crisis leadership - From the Haiti earthquake to the COVID pandemic T2 - Journal of Public Health Management and Practice TI - Crisis leadership - From the Haiti earthquake to the COVID pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088885949&doi=10.1097%2fPHH.0000000000001207&partnerID=40&md5=d52a935367f7a162d30b401d0cddef26 VL - 26 ID - 394 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Importance: Delirium is common among older emergency department (ED) patients, is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and frequently goes unrecognized. Anecdotal evidence has described atypical presentations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in older adults; however, the frequency of and outcomes associated with delirium in older ED patients with COVID-19 infection have not been well described. Objective: To determine how frequently older adults with COVID-19 present to the ED with delirium and their associated hospital outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: This multicenter cohort study was conducted at 7 sites in the US. Participants included consecutive older adults with COVID-19 presenting to the ED on or after March 13, 2020. Exposure: COVID-19 was diagnosed by positive nasal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (99% of cases) or classic radiological findings (1% of cases). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was delirium as identified from the medical record according to a validated record review approach. Results: A total of 817 older patients with COVID-19 were included, of whom 386 (47%) were male, 493 (62%) were White, 215 (27%) were Black, and 54 (7%) were Hispanic or Latinx. The mean (SD) age of patients was 77.7 (8.2) years. Of included patients, 226 (28%) had delirium at presentation, and delirium was the sixth most common of all presenting symptoms and signs. Among the patients with delirium, 37 (16%) had delirium as a primary symptom and 84 (37%) had no typical COVID-19 symptoms or signs, such as fever or shortness of breath. Factors associated with delirium were age older than 75 years (adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.51; 95% CI, 1.17-1.95), living in a nursing home or assisted living (aRR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.98-1.55), prior use of psychoactive medication (aRR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.11-1.81), vision impairment (aRR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.54-2.54), hearing impairment (aRR, 1.10; 95% CI 0.78-1.55), stroke (aRR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.15-1.88), and Parkinson disease (aRR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.30-2.58). Delirium was associated with intensive care unit stay (aRR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.30-2.15) and death (aRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.00-1.55). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of 817 older adults with COVID-19 presenting to US emergency departments, delirium was common and often was seen without other typical symptoms or signs. In addition, delirium was associated with poor hospital outcomes and death. These findings suggest the clinical importance of including delirium on checklists of presenting signs and symptoms of COVID-19 that guide screening, testing, and evaluation. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 5 Emerson Pl, 119B, Boston, MA 02114, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, United States Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior and Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States Aging Brain Center, Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Emergency Medicine, St Mary Mercy Livonia Hospital, Livonia, MI, United States Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland, United States Department of Clinical Nursing Resources, Maine Medical Center, Portland, United States Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States AU - Kennedy, M. AU - Helfand, B. K. I. AU - Gou, R. Y. AU - Gartaganis, S. L. AU - Webb, M. AU - Moccia, J. M. AU - Bruursema, S. N. AU - Dokic, B. AU - McCulloch, B. AU - Ring, H. AU - Margolin, J. D. AU - Zhang, E. AU - Anderson, R. AU - Babine, R. L. AU - Hshieh, T. AU - Wong, A. H. AU - Taylor, R. A. AU - Davenport, K. AU - Teresi, B. AU - Fong, T. G. AU - Inouye, S. K. C2 - 33211114 C7 - e2029540 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.29540 32555134; (2020) National Population by Characteristics: 2010-2019., , https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-national-detail.html, Published June 17, Accessed October 18, 2020; (2020) Provisional COVID-19 Death Counts by Sex, Age, and State., , https://data.cdc.gov/NCHS/Provisional-COVID-19-Death-Counts-by-Sex-Age-and-S/9bhg-hcku, Published. Accessed June 26, 2020; Kennedy, M., Enander, R.A., Tadiri, S.P., Wolfe, R.E., Shapiro, N.I., Marcantonio, E.R., Delirium risk prediction, healthcare use and mortality of elderly adults in the emergency department (2014) J Am Geriatr Soc, 62 (3), pp. 462-469. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12692, doi: 24512171; Suffoletto, B., Miller, T., Frisch, A., Callaway, C., Emergency physician recognition of delirium (2013) Postgrad Med J, 89 (1057), pp. 621-625. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2012-131608, doi: 23788663; MacLullich, A.M., Hall, R.J., Who understands delirium? (2011) Age Ageing, 40 (4), pp. 412-414. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afr062, doi: 21636556; Oh, E.S., Fong, T.G., Hshieh, T.T., Inouye, S.K., Delirium in older persons: Advances in diagnosis and treatment (2017) Jama, 318 (12), pp. 1161-1174. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2017.12067, doi: 28973626; Ahmad, I., Rathore, F.A., Neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A literature review (2020) J Clin Neurosci, 77, pp. 8-12. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.017, doi: 32409215; Perry, A., MacIas Tejada, J., Melady, D., An approach to the older patient in the emergency department (2018) Clin Geriatr Med, 34 (3), pp. 299-311. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2018.03.001, doi: 30031418; Alkeridy, W.A., Almaghlouth, I., Alrashed, R., A unique presentation of delirium in a patient with otherwise asymptomatic COVID-19 (2020) J Am Geriatr Soc, 68 (7), pp. 1382-1384. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16536, doi: 32383778; Beach, S.R., Praschan, N.C., Hogan, C., Delirium in COVID-19: A case series and exploration of potential mechanisms for central nervous system involvement (2020) Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 65, pp. 47-53. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.05.008, doi: 32470824; Butt, I., Sawlani, V., Geberhiwot, T., Prolonged confusional state as first manifestation of COVID-19 (2020) Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 7 (8), pp. 1450-1452. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51067, doi: 32433817; Hosseini, A.A., Shetty, A.K., Sprigg, N., Auer, D.P., Constantinescu, C.S., Delirium as a presenting feature in COVID-19: Neuroinvasive infection or autoimmune encephalopathy? (2020) Brain Behav Immun, 88, pp. 68-70. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.012, doi: 32531427; Tay, H.S., Harwood, R., Atypical presentation of COVID-19 in a frail older person (2020) Age Ageing, 49 (4), pp. 523-524. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa068, doi: 32315386; Docherty, A.B., Harrison, E.M., Green, C.A., Features of 20,133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: Prospective observational cohort study (2020) Bmj, 369, p. m1985. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1985, doi: 32444460; Garcez, F.B., Aliberti, M.J.R., Poco, P.C.E., Delirium and adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Am Geriatr Soc, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16803, Published online August 24, doi: 32835425; Helms, J., Kremer, S., Merdji, H., Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (23), pp. 2268-2270. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2008597, doi: 32294339; Chen, T., Wu, D., Chen, H., Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective study (2020) Bmj, 368, p. m1091. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1091, doi: 32217556; Inouye, S.K., Leo-Summers, L., Zhang, Y., Bogardus, S.T., Jr., Leslie, D.L., Agostini, J.V., A chart-based method for identification of delirium: Validation compared with interviewer ratings using the confusion assessment method (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc, 53 (2), pp. 312-318. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53120.x, doi: 15673358; Fong, T.G., Jones, R.N., Shi, P., Delirium accelerates cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease (2009) Neurology, 72 (18), pp. 1570-1575. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181a4129a, doi: 19414723; Fong, T.G., Jones, R.N., Marcantonio, E.R., Adverse outcomes after hospitalization and delirium in persons with Alzheimer disease (2012) Ann Intern Med, 156 (12), pp. 848-856. , http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-12-201206190-00005, doi: 22711077; Gross, A.L., Jones, R.N., Habtemariam, D.A., Delirium and long-term cognitive trajectory among persons with dementia (2012) Arch Intern Med, 172 (17), pp. 1324-1331. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2012.3203, doi: 23403619; Saczynski, J.S., Kosar, C.M., Xu, G., A tale of two methods: Chart and interview methods for identifying delirium (2014) J Am Geriatr Soc, 62 (3), pp. 518-524. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.12684, doi: 24512042; Davis, D.H.J., Muniz Terrera, G., Keage, H., Delirium is a strong risk factor for dementia in the oldest-old: A population-based cohort study (2012) Brain, 135, pp. 2809-2816. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/aws190, doi: 22879644; Zou, G., A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 159 (7), pp. 702-706. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh090, doi: 15033648; Barron, E.A., Holmes, J., Delirium within the emergency care setting, occurrence and detection: A systematic review (2013) Emerg Med J, 30 (4), pp. 263-268. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2011-200586, doi: 22833596; Inouye, S.K., Westendorp, R.G., Saczynski, J.S., Delirium in elderly people (2014) Lancet, 383 (9920), pp. 911-922. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60688-1, doi: 23992774; Han, J.H., Morandi, A., Ely, E.W., Delirium in the nursing home patients seen in the emergency department (2009) J Am Geriatr Soc, 57 (5), pp. 889-894. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2009.02219.x, doi: 19484845; Joseph, N.P., Reid, N.J., Som, A., Racial/ethnic disparities in disease severity on admission chest radiographs among patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study (2020) Radiology, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020202602, Published online July 6, doi: 32673191; Zhu, J., Ji, P., Pang, J., Clinical characteristics of 3062 COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis (2020) J Med Virol, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25884, Published online April 15, doi: 32293716; El Chakhtoura, N.G., Bonomo, R.A., Jump, R.L.P., Influence of aging and environment on presentation of infection in older adults (2017) Infect Dis Clin North Am, 31 (4), pp. 593-608. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.017, doi: 29079150; O'Hanlon, S., Inouye, S.K., Delirium: A missing piece in the COVID-19 pandemic puzzle (2020) Age Ageing, 49 (4), pp. 497-498. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa094, doi: 32374367; Burke, R.M., Killerby, M.E., Newton, S., Symptom profiles of a convenience sample of patients with COVID-19-United States, January-April 2020 (2020) Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (28), pp. 904-908. , http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6928a2, l;..;():. doi: 32673296; Kuhn, E., Du, X., McGrath, K., Validation of a consensus method for identifying delirium from hospital records (2014) PLoS One, 9 (11). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111823, e111823. doi: 25369057; Inouye, S.K., Bogardus, S.T., Jr., Charpentier, P.A., A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients (1999) N Engl J Med, 340 (9), pp. 669-676. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199903043400901, doi: 10053175; Marra, A., Ely, E.W., Pandharipande, P.P., Patel, M.B., The ABCDEF bundle in critical care (2017) Crit Care Clin, 33 (2), pp. 225-243. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2016.12.005, doi: 28284292 IS - 11 J2 - JAMA Netw. Open KW - age aged Article assisted living facility cerebrovascular accident cohort analysis coronavirus disease 2019 death delirium descriptive research emergency ward female hearing impairment human intensive care unit major clinical study male medical record review multicenter study (topic) nose smear nursing home outcome assessment Parkinson disease priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 United States visual impairment geriatric assessment hospital admission hospital emergency service middle aged pathophysiology restlessness risk factor very elderly Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies COVID-19 Emergency Service, Hospital Humans Intensive Care Units Patient Admission Psychomotor Agitation Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :18 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Kennedy, M.; Department of Emergency Medicine, 5 Emerson Pl, 119B, United States; email: mkennedy8@partners.org PY - 2020 SN - 25743805 (ISSN) ST - Delirium in Older Patients with COVID-19 Presenting to the Emergency Department T2 - JAMA Network Open TI - Delirium in Older Patients with COVID-19 Presenting to the Emergency Department UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096509015&doi=10.1001%2fjamanetworkopen.2020.29540&partnerID=40&md5=15a5d1fead5ba0b33f002d837c01730d VL - 3 ID - 286 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents unique challenges to those who work with the seriously ill population, including both health care providers and the family caregivers providing unpaid care. We rely on this lay workforce as health care routinely transitions care to the home, and now more than ever, we are depending on them in the current pandemic. As palliative care and other health care providers become overwhelmed with patients critically ill with COVID-19, and routine care becomes delayed, we have a charge to recognize and work with family caregivers. Our commentary provides rationale for the need to focus on family caregivers and key considerations for how to include them in pandemic clinical decision making. © 2020 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine AD - Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Brookdale Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Caregiver and Bereavement Support Services, UAB Center for Palliative and Supportive Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Nursing, Birmingham, AL, United States AU - Kent, E. E. AU - Ornstein, K. A. AU - Dionne-Odom, J. N. C2 - 32283220 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.006 IS - 1 J2 - J. Pain Symptom Manage. KW - COVID-19 Family caregivers palliative and supportive care pandemic Article care behavior caregiver checklist clinical decision making community coronavirus disease 2019 critically ill patient empowerment family health care health care personnel health care system human palliative therapy practice guideline risk assessment workforce Coronavirus infection etiology home care mental stress procedures psychology virus pneumonia Caregivers Clinical Decision-Making Coronavirus Infections Home Nursing Humans Palliative Care Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Stress, Psychological LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :20 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JPSME Correspondence Address: Kent, E.E.; Department of Health Policy and Management, 1102B McGavran_Greenberg Hall, CB #7411, United States; email: erin.kent@unc.edu References: Caregiving in the U.S. - this is a report, National Alliance for Caregiving (2015), https://www.caregiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/2015_CaregivingintheUS_Executive-Summary-June-4_WEB.pdf, American Association for Retired Persons Washington, DC Available from Accessed April 25, 2020; Families Caring for an Aging America (2016), The National Academies Press Washington, DC; Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T.B., Baker, M., Harris, T., Stephenson, D., Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review (2015) Perspect Psychol Sci, 10, pp. 227-237; Cross, S.H., Warraich, H.J., Changes in the place of death in the United States (2019) N Engl J Med, 381, pp. 2369-2370; Questions about personal protective equipment (PPE) (2020), https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/personal-protective-equipment-infection-control/questions-about-personal-protective-equipment-ppe, Available from (Accessed 1 April 2020); Interim guidance for implementing home care of people not requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-home-care.html, Available from (Accessed 1 April 2020); Bedard, M., Molloy, D.W., Squire, L., The Zarit Burden Interview: a new short version and screening version (2001) Gerontologist, 41, pp. 652-657; Shaffer, K.M., Benvengo, S., Zaleta, A.K., Feasibility and acceptability of distress screening for family caregivers at a cancer surgery center (2019) Oncol Nurs Forum, 46, pp. 159-169; Chi, N.C., Demiris, G., A systematic review of telehealth tools and interventions to support family caregivers (2015) J Telemed Telecare, 21, pp. 37-44; COVID-ready communication skills: A playbook of VitalTalk Tips (2020), https://www.vitaltalk.org/guides/covid-19-communication-skills/, Available from (Accessed 30 March 2020); CAPC COVID-19 response resources (2020), https://www.capc.org/toolkits/covid-19-response-resources/, Available from (Accessed 1 April 2020); Badr, H., Bakhshaie, J., Chhabria, K., Dyadic interventions for cancer survivors and caregivers: state of the science and new directions (2019) Semin Oncol Nurs, 35, pp. 337-341; Coronavirus (COVID-19) resources and articles for family caregivers (2020), https://www.caregiver.org/coronavirus-covid-19-resources-and-articles-family-caregivers, Available from (Accessed 27 March 2020); COVID-19 resources for caregivers (2020), https://www.caregiving.org/resources/covid-19-resources-for-caregivers/, Available from (Accessed 27 March 2020); Clinical practice guidelines for quality palliative care (2018), 4th ed. National Coalition for Hospice and Palliative Care Richmond, VAUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083897157&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpainsymman.2020.04.006&partnerID=40&md5=77041de7ac18c32766ad302367fb996c PY - 2020 SN - 08853924 (ISSN) SP - e66-e69 ST - The Family Caregiving Crisis Meets an Actual Pandemic T2 - Journal of Pain and Symptom Management TI - The Family Caregiving Crisis Meets an Actual Pandemic VL - 60 ID - 472 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly spreading across the world. As of March 26, 2020, there are more than 500,000 cases and more than 25,000 deaths related to COVID-19, and the numbers are increasing by the hour. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the trends in confirmed COVID-19 cases in North Carolina, and to understand patterns in virtual visits related to symptoms of COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of confirmed COVID-19 cases and patients using an on-demand, statewide virtual urgent care center. We collected data from February 1, 2020, to March 15, 2020. Institutional Review Board exemption was obtained prior to the study. Results: As of March, 18 2020, there were 92 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 733 total virtual visits. Of the total visits, 257 (35.1%) were related to COVID-19-like symptoms. Of the COVID-19-like visits, the number of females was 178 (69.2%). People in the age groups of 30-39 years (n=67, 26.1%) and 40-49 years (n=64, 24.9%) were half of the total patients. Additionally, approximately 96.9% (n=249) of the COVID-like encounters came from within the state of North Carolina. Our study shows that virtual care can provide efficient triaging in the counties with the highest number of COVID-19 cases. We also confirmed that the largest spread of the disease occurs in areas with a high population density as well as in areas with major airports. Conclusions: The use of virtual care presents promising potential in the fight against COVID-19. Virtual care is capable of reducing emergency room visits, conserving health care resources, and avoiding the spread of COVID-19 by treating patients remotely. We call for further adoption of virtual care by health systems across the United States and the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. © Saif Khairat, Chenlu Meng. AD - School or Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States UNC Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Khairat, S. AU - Meng, C. AU - Xu, Y. AU - Edson, B. AU - Gianforcaro, R. C7 - e18811 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2196/18811 IS - 2 J2 - JMIR Publ. Heal. Surveil. KW - COVID-19 Infectious disease Outbreak Pandemic Patterns Public health Trends Virtual care LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :34 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Khairat, S.; School or Nursing University of North Carolina, 428 Carrington Hall NC, United States; email: saif@unc.edu References: Gal, S, Woodward, A, Kiersz, A., Business Insider. 2020 Mar 18. One chart shows different countries' current coronavirus death rates, based on the known number of cases and deaths, , https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-death-rate-by-country-current-fatalities-compared-to-cases-2020-3, [accessed 2020-03-20]; COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic, , https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/, Worldometer. [accessed 2020-03-27]; Fauci, A, Lane, HC, Redfield, RR., Covid-19 - navigating the uncharted (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (13), pp. 1268-1269. , Mar 26; [doi] [Medline: 32109011]; Shim, E, Tariq, A, Choi, W, Lee, Y, Chowell, G., Transmission potential and severity of COVID-19 in South Korea (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 93, pp. 339-344. , Mar 18;: [doi] [Medline: 32198088]; Hollander, J, Carr, BG., Virtually perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, , Mar 11. [doi] [Medline: 32160451]; Making emergency supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2020, and for other purposes, , https://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20200302/BILLS-116hr6074-SUS.pdf, House of Representatives. [accessed 2020-03-12]; Notification of enforcement discretion for telehealth remote communications during the COVID-19 nationwide public health emergency, , https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/special-topics/emergency-preparedness/notification-enforcement-discretion-telehealth/index.html, HHS. HHS.gov. [accessed 2020-03-20]; Schools, workplaces & community locations, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/index.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [accessed 2020-03-27]; Symptoms for coronavirus, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [accessed 2020-03-20]; Q&A on coronaviruses (COVID-19), , https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses#:~:text=symptoms, World Health Organization. [accessed 2020-03-12]; COVID-19 case count in North Carolina, , https://www.ncdhhs.gov/covid-19-case-count-nc, NCDHHS; North Carolina identifies first case of COVID-19, , https://www.ncdhhs.gov/news/press-releases/north-carolina-identifies-first-case-covid-19, NCDHHS. [accessed 2020-03-26]; North Carolina identifies second case of COVID-19, , https://www.ncdhhs.gov/news/press-releases/north-carolina-identifies-second-case-covid-19, NCDHHS. [accessed 2020-03-26]; Lipsitch, M, Swerdlow, DL, Finelli, L., Defining the epidemiology of Covid-19 - studies needed (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (13), pp. 1194-1196. , Mar 26; [doi] [Medline: 32074416]; Khairat, S, Haithcoat, T, Liu, S, Zaman, T, Edson, B, Gianforcaro, R, Advancing health equity and access using telemedicine: a geospatial assessment (2019) J Am Med Inform Assoc, 26 (8-9), pp. 796-805. , Aug 01; [doi] [Medline: 31340022]; Khairat, S, Liu, S, Zaman, T, Edson, B, Gianforcaro, R., Factors determining patients' choice between mobile health and telemedicine: predictive analytics assessment (2019) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 7 (6), p. e13772. , Jun 08; [doi] [Medline: 31199332] PY - 2020 SN - 23692960 (ISSN) ST - Interpreting COVID-19 and virtual care trends: Cohort study T2 - JMIR Public Health and Surveillance TI - Interpreting COVID-19 and virtual care trends: Cohort study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084271871&doi=10.2196%2f18811&partnerID=40&md5=e24169340696ca733f609ea581460e14 VL - 6 ID - 516 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Kibbe, M. R. C2 - 32960251 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jama.2020.15191 32616090; Livingston, E.H., Surgery in a time of uncertainty: A need for universal respiratory precautions in the operating room (2020) Jama, 323 (22), pp. 2254-2255. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2020.7903, doi: 32379271; Doglietto, F., Vezzoli, M., Gheza, F., Factors Associated with surgical mortality and complications among patients with and without coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy (2020) Jama Surg, 155 (8), pp. 691-702. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2020.2713, doi: 32530453; Lin, E.E., Blumberg, T.J., Adler, A.C., Incidence of COVID-19 in pediatric surgical patients among 3 US children's hospitals (2020) Jama Surg, 155 (8), pp. 775-777. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2020.2588, doi: 32496527; Morris, M., Pierce, A., Carlisle, B., Vining, B., Dobyns, J., Pre-operative COVID-19 testing and decolonization (2020) Am J Surg, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.05.027, Published online May 21, doi: 32466826; Nassar, A.H., Zern, N.K., McIntyre, L.K., Emergency restructuring of a general surgery residency program during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: The University of Washington experience (2020) Jama Surg, 155 (7), pp. 624-627. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1219, doi: 32250417; Zarzaur, B.L., Stahl, C.C., Greenberg, J.A., Savage, S.A., Minter, R.M., Blueprint for restructuring a department of surgery in concert with the health care system during a pandemic: The University of Wisconsin experience (2020) Jama Surg, 155 (7), pp. 628-635. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1386, doi: 32286611; Juprasert, J.M., Gray, K.D., Moore, M.D., Restructuring of a general surgery residency program in an epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Lessons from New York City (2020) Jama Surg, , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3107, Published online July 7, doi: 32633754; Knudson, M.M., Jacobs, L.M., Jr., Elster, C.E.A., How to partner with the military in responding to pandemics - A blueprint for success (2020) Jama Surg, 155 (7), pp. 548-549. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1227, doi: 32250411; Kibbe, M.R., Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on manuscript submissions by women (2020) Jama Surgery, , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3917, Published online August 4, doi: 32749449 IS - 12 J2 - JAMA KW - accreditation air conditioning career mobility coronavirus disease 2019 disinfection doctor patient relationship e-learning financial management hand washing health care delivery health care personnel health care personnel management health care system human infection control infection prevention medical research Note occupational safety patient safety preoperative evaluation priority journal professional practice residency education retirement risk reduction social distancing surgeon surgery surgical training telehealth therapy delay universal precaution Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAMAA Correspondence Address: Kibbe, M.R.; Department of Surgery, 101 Manning Dr, United States; email: melina_kibbe@med.unc.edu PY - 2020 SN - 00987484 (ISSN) SP - 1151-1152 ST - Surgery and COVID-19 T2 - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association TI - Surgery and COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091592549&doi=10.1001%2fjama.2020.15191&partnerID=40&md5=9b7cc3a2af735316cf8c8ab4bd7f1d1f VL - 324 ID - 361 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4041 Burnett-Womack, CB 7050 101 Manning Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States JAMA Surgery AU - Kibbe, M. R. C2 - 32749449 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3917 24737273; Johnson, H.M., Irish, W., Strassle, P.D., Associations between career satisfaction, personal life factors, and work-life integration practices among us surgeons by gender (2020) JAMA Surg, , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2020.1332, Published June 24 doi: 32579211; Brubaker, L., Women physicians and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) JAMA, , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2020.14797, Published online July 31; Sevilla, A., Smith, S., (2020) IZA DP No. 13302: Baby Steps: The Gender Division of Childcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://www.iza.org/publications/dp/13302/baby-steps-the-gender-division-of-childcare-during-the-covid-19-pandemic, IZA Institute of Labor Economics. Published online May. Accessed July 27, 2020; Sevilla, A., Smith, S., (2020) Childcare during A Global Pandemic: Many Woman Left Juggling Work and Childcare, but Men Do Their Share When They Are Not Working, , https://voxeu.org/article/covid-19-and-childcare-men-doing-their-share-only-if-they-are-not-working, VOX EU. Published June 16, Accessed July 27, 2020; Viglione, G., Are women publishing less during the pandemic? Here's what the data say (2020) Nature, 581 (7809), pp. 365-366. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01294-9, doi: 32433639; Andersen, J.P., Nielsen, M.W., Simone, N.L., Lewiss, R.E., Jagsi, R., COVID-19 medical papers have fewer women first authors than expected (2020) Elife, 9. , http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.58807, e58807. doi: 32538780; Dyrbye, L.N., Shanafelt, T.D., Balch, C.M., Satele, D., Sloan, J., Freischlag, J., Relationship between work-home conflicts and burnout among American surgeons: A comparison by sex (2011) Arch Surg, 146 (2), pp. 211-217. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archsurg.2010.310, doi: 21339435 IS - 9 J2 - JAMA Surg. KW - career child care coronavirus disease 2019 Editorial female female by occupation female physician gender human pandemic parent parttime employment priority journal professional burnout publication research responsibility scientific literature surgeon telemedicine videoconferencing writing Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection organization and management publishing virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Manuscripts as Topic Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Kibbe, M.R.; Department of Surgery, 4041 Burnett-Womack, CB 7050 101 Manning Dr, United States; email: melina_kibbe@med.unc.edu PY - 2020 SN - 21686254 (ISSN) SP - 803-804 ST - Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Manuscript Submissions by Women T2 - JAMA Surgery TI - Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Manuscript Submissions by Women UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090157942&doi=10.1001%2fjamasurg.2020.3917&partnerID=40&md5=80d2592f1e9a87ccf4ae9cd9aa0839ed VL - 155 ID - 381 ER - TY - JOUR AB - During public health crises like the ongoing novel coronavirus pandemic, there is a need to amplify and improve critical health communication messages. This need is due to pandemics producing infodemic conditions, meaning the public information environment is oversaturated with information of questionable accuracy and utility. The strategic use of visuals can be leveraged to improve the quality of health communication during public health crises and lessen the unintended effects of infodemic conditions. In this essay, we review previous visual communication theorizing and research that provide insights for effective and efficient use of graphical (e.g., data visualizations) and illustrative (e.g., photos, illustrations, and content features) visuals. We also discuss and advocate for more systematic research on visual misinformation and visual narratives, as there are significant gaps in the literature about how people interpret, act on, and engage with these visual content types. More systematic research about these areas of visual health communication research will improve public communication during future public health crises. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. AD - Greenlee School of Journalism and Communication, Iowa State University, United States Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - King, A. J. AU - Lazard, A. J. C2 - 33089711 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/10410236.2020.1838094 IS - 14 J2 - Health Commun. KW - audiovisual aid epidemiology human medical information pandemic procedures Audiovisual Aids COVID-19 Health Communication Humans Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: King, A.J.; Greenlee School of Journalism and Communication, United States; email: andyking@iastate.edu References: Ancker, J.S., Senathirajah, Y., Kukafka, R., Starren, J.B., Design features of graphs in health risk communication: A systematic review (2006) Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 13 (6), pp. 608-618. , https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M2115; Barry, A.M., (1997) Visual intelligence: Perception, image, and manipulation in visual communication, , State University of New York Press; Bessie, A., Parenteau, M., Sewing community: A comic (2020) The Believer, , https://believermag.com/logger/sewing-community-a-comic/, April, 13; Bode, L., Vraga, E.K., In related news, that was wrong: The correction of misinformation through related stories functionality in social media (2015) Journal of Communication, 65 (4), pp. 619-638. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12166; Brennen, J.S., Simon, F., Howard, P.N., Nielsen, R.K., (2020) Types, sources, and claims of COVID-19 misinformation, , https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/types-sources-and-claims-covid-19-misinformation, April, 7, Factsheet published by the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism; Carpenter, C.J., A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of health belief model variables in predicting behavior (2010) Health Communication, 25 (8), pp. 661-669. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2010.521906; Chatfield, J., New Yorker cartoonist Jason Chatfield—My COVID-19 diary, , https://www.jasonchatfield.com/coronavirus; Clarke, N., Pechey, E., Kosīte, D., König, L.M., Mantzari, E., Blackwell, A.K.M., Marteau, T.M., Hollands, G.J., Impact of health warning labels on selection and consumption of food and alcohol products: Systematic review with meta-analysis (2020) Health Psychology Review, , https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2020.1780147; Clayton, R.B., Leshner, G., Tomko, R.L., Trull, T.J., Piasecki, T.M., Countering craving with disgust images: Examining nicotine withdrawn smokers’ motivated message processing of anti-tobacco public service announcements (2017) Health Communication, 32 (11), pp. 1319-1330. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1220042; Cohn, N., Visual narrative structure (2013) Cognitive Science, 37 (3), pp. 413-452. , https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12016; Cohn, N., Visual narrative comprehension: Universal or not? (2020) Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 27 (2), pp. 266-285. , https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01670-1; Dixon, G.N., McKeever, B.W., Holton, A.E., Clarke, C., Eosco, G., The power of a picture: Overcoming scientific misinformation by communicating weight-of-evidence information with visual exemplars (2015) Journal of Communication, 65 (4), pp. 639-659. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12159; Fazio, L., Out-of-context photos are a powerful low-tech form of misinformation (2020) The Conversation, , https://theconversation.com/out-of-context-photos-are-a-powerful-low-tech-form-of-misinformation-129959, February, 14; Forney, E., How to properly wash your hands during the Coronavirus outbreak (2020) Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2020/opinions/amp-stories/outlook-coronavirus-hand-washing/, March, 20; Fung, I.C.H., Blankenship, E.B., Goff, M.E., Mullican, L.A., Chan, K.C., Saroha, N., Duke, C.H., Tse, Z.T.H., Zika-virus-related photo sharing on Pinterest and Instagram (2017) Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 11 (6), pp. 656-659. , https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.23; Gibson, R., Effects of photograph on issue perception (2003) Communication and emotion: Essays in honor of Dolf Zillmann, pp. 323-345. , Bryant J., Roskos-Ewoldsen D.R., Cantor J., (eds), Erlbaum,. (Eds; Green, M.J., Myers, K.R., Graphic medicine: Use of comics in medical education and patient care (2010) BMJ, 340, pp. 574-577. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.c863; Grummon, A.H., Hall, M.G., Sugary drink warnings: A meta-analysis of experimental studies (2020) PLoS Medicine, 17 (5), p. e1003120. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.med.1003120; Guidry, J.P.D., Carlyle, K.E., LaRose, J.G., Perrin, P., Ryan, M., Messner, M., Adams, J., Framing and visual type: Effect on future Zika vaccine uptake intent (2018) Journal of Public Health Research, 7 (1), p. 1162. , https://doi.org/10.4081/jphr.2018.1162; Guidry, J.P.D., Carlyle, K.E., LaRose, J.G., Perrin, P., Ryan, M., Messner, M., Ryan, M., Using the health belief model to analyze Instagram posts about Zika for public health communications (2019) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 25 (1), pp. 179-180. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2501.180824; Hemsley, J., Snyder, J., Dimensions of visual misinformation in the emerging media landscape (2018) Misinformation and mass audiences, pp. 91-106. , Southwell B.G., Thorson E.A., Sheble L., (eds), University of Texas Press, &,. (Eds; Houts, P.S., Doak, C.C., Doak, L.G., Loscalzo, M.J., (2006), 61 (2), pp. 173-190. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2005.05.004, The role of pictures improving health communication: A review of research on attention, comprehension, recall, and adherence., Patient Education & Counseling; (2020) 50 visual content marketing statistics you should know in 2020, , https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/visual-content-marketing-strategy, April, 29; Kellman, R., Radtke, K., On dying alone: ‘Behind every COVID-19 case, there is a story (2020) NPR, , https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/06/864093213/on-dying-alone-behind-every-covid-19-case-there-is-a-story, June, 6; King, A.J., Visual messaging and risk communication (2015) The SAGE handbook of risk communication, pp. 193-205. , Cho H., Reimer T., McComas K.A., (eds), Sage,. (Eds; King, A.J., Visual exemplification and skin cancer: The utility of exemplars in promoting skin self-exams and atypical nevi identification (2016) Journal of Health Communication, 21 (7), pp. 826-836. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2016.1177143; King, A.J., Using comics to communicate about health: An introduction to the symposium on visual narratives and graphic medicine (2017) Health Communication, 32 (5), pp. 523-524. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1211063; King, A.J., Jensen, J.D., Davis, L.A., Carcioppolo, N., Perceived visual informativeness (PVI): Construct and scale development to assess visual information in printed materials (2014) Journal of Health Communication, 19 (10), pp. 1099-1115. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.878004; King, A.J., Lazard, A.J., White, S.R., The influence of visual complexity on initial user impressions: Testing the persuasive model of web design (2020) Behaviour & Information Technology, 39 (5), pp. 497-510. , https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2019.1602167; Krishna, A., Thompson, T.L., Misinformation about health: A review of health communication and misinformation scholarship (2019) American Behavioral Scientist, , https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764219878223; Lazard, A.J., Bock, M.A., Mackert, M.S., Impact of photo manipulation and visual literacy on consumers’ responses to persuasive communication (2020) Journal of Visual Literacy, 39 (2), pp. 90-110. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1051144X.2020.1737907; Lazard, A.J., Mackert, M.S., E-health first impressions and visual evaluations: Key design principles for attention and appeal (2015) Communication Design Quarterly, 3 (4), pp. 25-34. , https://doi.org/10.1145/2826972.2826975; Leung, M.M., Green, M.C., Tate, D.F., Cai, J., Wyka, K., Ammerman, A.S., Fight for your right to fruit: Psychosocial outcomes of a manga comic promoting fruit consumption in middle-school youth (2017) Health Communication, 32 (5), pp. 533-540. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1211074; Lipkus, I.M., (2007), 27 (5), pp. 696-713. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X07307271, Numeric, verbal, and visual formats of conveying health risks: Suggested best practices and future recommendations., Medical Decision Making; Lor, M., Koleck, T.A., Bakken, S., Information visualizations of symptom information for patients and providers: A systematic review (2019) Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 26 (2), pp. 162-171. , https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocy152; Lu, A.S., What race do they represent and does mine have anything to do with it? Perceived racial/ethnic categories of anime characters (2009) Animation, 4 (2), pp. 169-190. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1746847709104647; Mackert, M., Lazard, A., Love, B., (2017) Designing effective health messages, , Kendall Hunt; McCloud, S., (1993) Understanding comics: The invisible art, , William Morrow; McGlone, M.S., Bell, R.A., Zaitchik, S.T., McGlynn, J., III, Don’t let the flu catch you: Agency assignment in printed educational materials about the H1N1 influenza virus (2013) Journal of Health Communication, 18 (6), pp. 740-756. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2012.727950; Messaris, P., (1997) Visual persuasion: The role of images in advertising, , Sage; Mikkelson, D., (2020) Is this train car carrying ‘COVID-19ʹ? Snopes., , https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/covid19-railroad-tankcar/, March, 14; Designing print materials: A communications guide for breast cancer screening (2007) NIH Publication No. 07-6100, , U.S. Government Printing Office; Noar, S.M., Hall, M.G., Francis, D.B., Ribisl, K.M., Pepper, J.K., Brewer, N.T., Pictorial cigarette warnings: A meta-analysis of experimental studies (2016) Tobacco Control, 25 (3), pp. 341-354. , https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051978; Oh, J., Lim, H.S., Copple, J.G., Chadraba, E.K., Harnessing the persuasive potential of data: The combinatory effects of data visualization and interactive narratives on obesity perceptions and policy attitudes (2018) Telematics and Informatics, 35 (6), pp. 1755-1769. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2018.05.004; Parris, B., Donovan, J., (2019) Deepfakes and cheap fakes: The manipulation of audio and visual evidence, , https://datasociety.net/library/deepfakes-and-cheap-fakes/, September, 18, Data & Society; Phillips, B.J., McQuarrie, E.F., Beyond visual metaphor: A new typology of visual rhetoric in advertising (2004) Marketing Theory, 4 (1-2), pp. 113-136. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593104044089; Reyna, V.F., A theory of medical decision making and health: Fuzzy trace theory (2008) Medical Decision Making, 28 (6), pp. 850-865. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0272989X08327066; Ronan, L.K., Czerwiec, M.K., A novel graphic medicine curriculum for resident physicians: Boosting empathy and communication through comics (2020) Journal of Medical Humanities, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-020-09654-2; Sadoski, M., Paivio, A., (2013) Imagery and text: A dual coding theory of reading and writing, , 2nd, Routledge, &, ed; Scheltema, E., Reay, S., Piper, G., Visual representation of medical information: The importance of considering the end-user in the design of medical illustrations (2018) Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 41 (1), pp. 9-17. , https://doi.org/10.1080/17453054.2018.1405724; Shelus, V., Frank, S., Lazard, A.J., Higgins, I., Pulido, M., Richter, A.P., Vandergrift, S.M., Hall, M.G., Motivation and barriers to use of face coverings during the COVID-19 pandemic: Messaging insights from focus groups, , under review; Southwell, B.G., Thorson, E.A., Sheble, L., (2018) Misinformation and mass audiences, , University of Texas Press, &, (Eds; Springston, J.K., Champion, V.L., Public relations and cultural aesthetics: Designing health brochures (2004) Public Relations Review, 309 (4), pp. 483-491. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2004.08.005; Taylor, W., Shwed, A., COVID-19 Myths, Debunked (2020) The Nib, , https://thenib.com/covid-19-myths-debunked/, March, 22; Tufekci, Z., Scolding beachgoers isn’t helping (2020) The Atlantic, , https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/07/it-okay-go-beach/613849/, July, 4; Visualizing health report, , http://vizhealth-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/static/Visualizing%20Health%20Report.pdf, n.d; Walter, N., Tukachinsky, R., A meta-analytic examination of the continued influence of misinformation in the face of correction: How powerful is it, why does it happen, and how to stop it? (2020) Communication Research, 47 (2), pp. 155-177. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650219854600; Wu, A.G., Shah, A.S., Haelle, T.S., Lunos, S.A., Pitt, M.B., Choosing the perfect shot—The loaded narrative of imagery in online news coverage of vaccines (2018) PLoS One, 13 (6). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199870; Zarocostas, J., How to fight an infodemic (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10225), p. 676. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30461-X; Zillmann, D., Exemplification effects in the promotion of safety and health (2006) Journal of Communication, 56 (s1), pp. S221-S237. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00291.x PY - 2020 SN - 10410236 (ISSN) SP - 1723-1728 ST - Advancing Visual Health Communication Research to Improve Infodemic Response T2 - Health Communication TI - Advancing Visual Health Communication Research to Improve Infodemic Response UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85093931987&doi=10.1080%2f10410236.2020.1838094&partnerID=40&md5=fce62bb9aa4a20ee31bff18fad5b27f3 VL - 35 ID - 245 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The fear of Chinese food in the United States has risen with the advent of COVID-19, amidst widespread news reports pinpointing a wildlife wet market in Wuhan, China as the origin site of the novel coronavirus. Although scientific evidence for the exact pathway of zoonotic transmission is not yet conclusive, racist, anti-Chinese memes were quick to circulate, including a T-shirt design posted on social media by an art director at Lululemon, which featured an image of “bat fried rice” with the words “No Thank You” in chopstick font on the sleeves. It is important to address the facts of wildlife trade and consumption in China, but it is equally crucial to fight back against racist characterizations of Chinese food as “bat fried rice” with a different kind of Instagrammable image. I have taught an undergraduate seminar on the cultural history of Chinese food at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill for the past eight years, and this year, one of my students shared a photograph of a Chinese family celebrating the New Year in one of her assignments. This image distilled everything I associate with Chinese food— the joy of gathering with family—and stands as a powerful rebuke to the narrative of fear and disgust, replacing it instead with a vision of Chinese food as familiar source of comfort. © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. AD - Department of History, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - King, M. T. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/07409710.2020.1794182 J2 - Food Foodways LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: King, M.T.; The University of North Carolina, CB #3195, United States References: Anusasananan, L.L., (2012), The Hakka Cookbook: Chinese Soul Food from around the World,. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press; http://www.asianpacificpolicyandplanningcouncil.org/stop-aapi-hate/, Stop AAPI Hate Reporting Center. Accessed June 24, 2020; Blonder, E., The Importance of Food (1998) Every Grain of Rice: A Taste of Our Chinese Childhood in America, p. 148. , Blonder E., Low A., (eds), New York: Clarkson Potter Publishers,. edited by; Cao, D., (2015) Animals in China: Law and Society, , Houndmills, Basingstok, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan; Choi, D., (2020), https://www.businessinsider.com/fox-news-jesse-watters-chinese-demands-apology-racism-2020-3, ‘They are a Very Hungry People’: Fox News Host Fuels Racist Tropes about Chinese over Coronavirus Outbreak. Business Insider, March 2, 2020; Cohen, J., (2020), https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally, Wuhan Seafood Market may not be Source of Novel Virus Spreading Globally. Science, January 26, 2020; Deville, T., (2020), https://www.baltimoresun.com/coronavirus/cng-co-ca-at-chinese-american-discrimination-coronavirus-20200512-gicyr3fp5rc77bn3hpaoabt7uy-story.html, Some area Chinese Americans Report Increasing Incidents of Harassment, Discrimination Amid Coronavirus. Balitmore Sun, May 12, 2020; (2020), https://observers.france24.com/en/20200203-china-coronavirus-bat-soup-debunk-videos-viral-palau-indonesia, Is Bat Soup a Delicacy China? We Debunk a Rumour on the Origin of the Coronavirus. The Observers, February 3, 2020; Gardner, D.K., (2018) Environmental Pollution in China: What Everyone Needs to Know, , New York: Oxford University Press; Huang, J., Rozelle, S., Zhu, X., Zhao, S., Sheng, Y., Agricultural and Rural Development in China during the past Four Decades: An Introduction (2020) Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 64 (1), pp. 1-13; https://www.junzi.kitchen/distancedining, Welcome to Distance Dining. Accessed June 24, 2020; King, M.T., What is ‘Chinese’ Food? Historicizing the Concept of Culinary Regionalism (2020) Global Food History, 6 (2), pp. 89-109; Lynteris, C., Fearnley, L., (2020), https://theconversation.com/why-shutting-down-chinese-wet-markets-could-be-a-terrible-mistake-130625, Why cutting down Chinese ‘wet markets’ could be a terrible mistake. The Conversation, March 2, 2020; Magra, I., Hauser, C., (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/business/lululemon-bat-fried-rice-shirt-coronavirus.html, Lululemon Fires Employee Over ‘Bat Fried Rice’ Shirt. New York Times, April 22, 2020; Mallapaty, S., (2020), https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01449-8, Animal Source of the Coronavirus Continues to Elude Scientists. Nature, May 18, 2020; McMillan, T., How China Plans to Feed 1.4 Billion Growing Appetites (2018) National Geographic, 233 (2). , 82; Mickleburgh, S., Waylen, K., Racey, P., Bats as Bushmeat: A Global Review (2009) Oryx, 43 (2), pp. 217-234; Myers, S., (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/07/world/asia/china-coronavirus-wildlife-ban.html, China Vowed to Keep Wildlife Off the Menu, a Tough Promise to Keep. New York Times, June 7, 2020; Oung, K., (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/video/opinion/100000007028034/racism-coronavirus-asians.html, Coronavirus Racism Infected My High School. New York Times, March 14, 2020; Palmer, J., (2020), https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/27/coronavirus-covid19-dont-blame-bat-soup-for-the-virus/, Don’t Blame Bat Soup for the Coronavirus. Foreign Policy, January 27, 2020; Pottinger, M., Dolven, B., (2003), https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB106081306319527100, China Lifts Wild-Animal Ban Despite Risk of Link to SARS. The Wall Street Journal, August 14, 2003; (1858), http://find.gale.com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/dvnw/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=DVNW&userGroupName=unc_main&tabID=T003&docPage=article&docId=DX1901549749&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0, Chanson for Canton. April 10, 1858. ; Romeo, P., (2020), https://www.restaurantbusinessonline.com/operations/half-nations-chinese-restaurants-have-closed-study-finds, Half the Nation’s Chinese Restaurants have Closed, Study Finds. Restaurant Business Online, April 13, 2020; Shepard, K., (2020), https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/03/19/coronavirus-china-cornyn-blame/, John Cornyn criticized Chinese for eating snakes. He forgot about the rattlesnake roundups Texas. The Washington Post, March 19, 2020; Standaert, M., (2020), https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/feb/25/coronavirus-closures-reveal-vast-scale-of-chinas-secretive-wildlife-farm-industry, Coronavirus Closures Reveal Vast Scale of China’s Secretive Wildlife Farm Industry. The Guardian, February 24, 2020; Su, A., (2020), https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-04-02/why-china-wildlife-ban-not-enough-stop-coronavirus-outbreak, Why China’s Wildlife Ban is not Enough to Stop Another Virus Outbreak. Los Angeles Times, April 2, 2020; Tavernise, S., Oppel, R.A., Jr., (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/us/chinese-coronavirus-racist-attacks.html, Spit On, Yelled At, Attacked: Chinese-Americans Fear for Their Safety. New York Times, March 23, 2020; Wong, R.W.Y., (2019) The Illegal Wildlife Trade in China: Understanding the Distribution Networks, , Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan; Wu, L., Zhu, D., (2015) Food Safety in China: A Comprehensive Review, , Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press; Young, G., 1999., The Wisdom of the Chinese Kitchen: Classic Family Recipes for Celebration and Healing,. New York: Simon and Schuster Editions; Zhang, L., Yin, F., Wildlife Consumption and Conservation Awareness in China: A Long Way to Go (2014) Biodiversity and Conservation, 23 (9), pp. 2371-2381; Zhou, G., (2017) The Regulatory Regime of Food Safety in China: Governance and Segmentation, , Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan PY - 2020 SN - 07409710 (ISSN) SP - 1-13 ST - Say no to bat fried rice: changing the narrative of coronavirus and Chinese food T2 - Food and Foodways TI - Say no to bat fried rice: changing the narrative of coronavirus and Chinese food UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088466813&doi=10.1080%2f07409710.2020.1794182&partnerID=40&md5=e37828aed30aa25907a94e5ed4da1ecc ID - 563 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The winter respiratory virus season always poses challenges for long-term care settings; this winter, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 will compound the usual viral infection challenges. This special article discusses unique considerations that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) brings to the health and well-being of residents and staff in nursing homes and other long-term care settings this winter. Specific topics include preventing the spread of respiratory viruses, promoting immunization, and the diagnosis and treatment of suspected respiratory infection. Policy-relevant issues are discussed, including whether to mandate influenza immunization for staff, the availability and use of personal protective equipment, supporting staff if they become ill, and the distribution of a COVID-19 vaccine when it becomes available. Research is applicable in all of these areas, including regarding the use of emerging electronic decision support tools. If there is a positive side to this year's winter respiratory virus season, it is that staff, residents, family members, and clinicians will be especially vigilant about potential infection. © 2020 AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine AD - Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC, United States Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC, United States Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) at the VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, United States Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine and Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States Schools of Social Work and Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC, United States AU - Kistler, C. E. AU - Jump, R. L. P. AU - Sloane, P. D. AU - Zimmerman, S. C2 - 33256954 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.10.030 IS - 12 J2 - J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. KW - SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Article assisted living facility clinical practice clinical research coronavirus disease 2019 health care policy human immunization influenza vaccination medical staff pandemic respiratory tract infection Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus transmission winter diagnosis nursing staff organizational policy prevention and control residential home season United States virus pneumonia COVID-19 Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Residential Facilities SARS-CoV-2 Seasons LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAMDC Correspondence Address: Kistler, C.E.; Department of Family Medicine, United States; email: Christine_Kistler@med.unc.edu Funding details: Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, GRECC Funding text 1: This work was supported in part by funds from R01 AG050602 and funds and facilities provided by the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC) at the VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, Ohio. References: Moriyama, M., Hugentobler, W.J., Iwasaki, A., Seasonality of respiratory viral infections (2020) Annu Rev Virol, 7, pp. 83-101; Flu & people 65 years and older https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/65over.htm?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fflu%2Fabout%2Fdisease%2F65over.htm, Available at: (Accessed 20 October 2020); Weekly updates by select demographic and geographic characteristics https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid_weekly/index.htm, Available at: (Accessed 20 October 2020); Lansbury, L.E., Brown, C.S., Nguyen-Van-Tam, J.S., Influenza in long-term care facilities (2017) Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 11, pp. 356-366; Kodama, F., Nace, D.A., Jump, R.L.P., Respiratory syncytial virus and other noninfluenza respiratory viruses in older adults (2017) Infect Dis Clin North Am, 31, pp. 767-790; Morris, D.E., Cleary, D.W., Clarke, S.C., Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) Front Microbiol, 8, p. 1041; Nguyen, J.L., Yang, W., Ito, K., Seasonal influenza infections and cardiovascular disease mortality (2016) JAMA Cardiol, 1, pp. 274-281; Lotfi, M., Hamblin, M.R., Rezaei, N., COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities (2020) Clinica Chim Acta, 508, pp. 254-266; Chu, D.K., Akl, E.A., Duda, S., Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1973-1987; Abbasi, J., “Abandoned” nursing homes continue to face critical supply and staff shortages as covid-19 toll has mounted (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 123-125; Medicare State Operations Manual, Appendix PP: Interpretive guidelines for long-term care facilities https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Guidance/Manuals/Internet-Only-Manuals-IOMs-Items/CMS1201984, Available at: (Accessed 20 October 2020); Bardenheier, B., Shefer, A., Tiggle, R., Nursing home resident and facility characteristics associated with pneumococcal vaccination: National nursing home survey, 1995–1999 (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc, 53, pp. 1543-1551; Different types of flu vaccines https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/different-flu-vaccines.htm, Available at: (Accessed 20 October 2020); Matanock, A., Lee, G., Gierke, R., Use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among adults aged ≥65 years: Updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (2019) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 68, pp. 1069-1075; Nace, D.A., Archbald-Pannone, L.R., Ashraf, M.S., Pneumococcal vaccination guidance for post-acute and long-term care settings: Recommendations from AMDA's Infection Advisory Committee (2017) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 18, pp. 99-104; Frentzel, E., Jump, R.L.P., Archbald-Pannone, L., Recommendations for mandatory influenza vaccinations for health care personnel from AMDA's Infection Advisory Subcommittee (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 25-28.e2; Black, C.L., Yue, X., Ball, S.W., Influenza vaccination coverage among health care personnel—United States, 2017–18 influenza season (2018) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 67, pp. 1050-1054; Greene, M.T., Fowler, K.E., Ratz, D., Changes in influenza vaccination requirements for health care personnel in US hospitals (2018) JAMA Netw Open, 1, p. e180143; Longo, D.R., Young, J., Mehr, D., Barriers to timely care of acute infections in nursing homes: A preliminary qualitative study (2002) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 3, pp. 360-365; Mylotte, J.M., Nursing home-associated pneumonia, part I: Diagnosis (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 308-314; Hollaar, V., van der Maarel-Wierink, C., van der Putten, G.J., Defining characteristics and risk indicators for diagnosing nursing home-acquired pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia in nursing home residents, using the electronically-modified Delphi Method (2016) BMC Geriatr, 16, p. 60; Jain, S., Self, W.H., Wunderink, R.G., Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. adults (2015) N Engl J Med, 373, pp. 415-427; Dhawan, N., Pandya, N., Khalili, M., Predictors of mortality for nursing home-acquired pneumonia: A systematic review (2015) BioMed Res Int, 2015, p. 285983; Uršič, T., Miksić, N.G., Lusa, L., Viral respiratory infections in a nursing home: A six-month prospective study (2016) BMC Infect Dis, 16, p. 637; Symptoms of coronavirus https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html, Available at: (Accessed 20 October 2020); Gaur, S., Dumyati, G., Nace, D.A., Jump, R.L.P., Unprecedented solutions for extraordinary times: Helping long-term care settings deal with the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 41, pp. 729-730; Sloane, P.D., Kistler, C., Mitchell, C.M., Role of body temperature in diagnosing bacterial infection in nursing home residents (2014) J Am Geriatr Soc, 62, pp. 135-140; Rudolph, J.L., Halladay, C.W., Barber, M., Temperature in nursing home residents systematically tested for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 895-899; High, K.P., Bradley, S.F., Gravenstein, S., Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation of fever and infection in older adult residents of long-term care facilities: 2008 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (2009) J Am Geriatr Soc, 57, pp. 375-394; Dumyati, G., Gaur, S., Nace, D.A., Jump, R.L.P., Does universal testing for COVID-19 work for everyone? (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 1525-1532; Managing investigations during an outbreak https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/outbreaks.html, Available at: (Accessed 20 October 2020); Interim Final Rule (IFC), CMS-3401-IFC, Updating Requirements for Reporting of SARS-CoV-2 Test Results by (CLIA) of 1988 Laboratories, and Additional Policy and Regulatory Revisions in Response to the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency https://www.cms.gov/medicareprovider-enrollment-and-certificationsurveycertificationgeninfopolicy-and-memos-states-and/interim-final-rule-ifc-cms-3401-ifc-updating-requirements-reporting-sars-cov-2-test-results-clia, Available at: (Accessed 20 October 2020); Netuveli, G., Thinking fast and slow in pneumonia (2013) Prim Care Respir J, 22, pp. 139-140; Carracedo-Martinez, E., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, C., Teixeira-Rodrigues, A., Computerized clinical decision support systems and antibiotic prescribing: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) Clin Ther, 41, pp. 552-581; Gulliford, M.C., Prevost, A.T., Charlton, J., Effectiveness and safety of electronically delivered prescribing feedback and decision support on antibiotic use for respiratory illness in primary care: REDUCE cluster randomised trial (2019) BMJ, 364, p. l236; Checovich, M.M., Barlow, S., Shult, P., Evaluation of viruses associated with acute respiratory infections in long-term care facilities using a novel method: Wisconsin, 2016–2019 (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 29-33; Echeverría, P., Mas Bergas, M.A., Puig, J., COVIDApp as an innovative strategy for the management and follow-up of COVID-19 cases in long-term care facilities in Catalonia: Implementation study (2020) JMIR Public Health Surveill, 6, p. e21163; Veronese, N., Sbrogiò, L.G., Valle, R., Prognostic value of lung ultrasonography in older nursing home residents affected by COVID-19 (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 1384-1386; Lee, C.-C., Chang, J.C.-Y., Mao, X.-W., Combining procalcitonin and rapid multiplex respiratory virus testing for antibiotic stewardship in older adult patients with severe acute respiratory infection (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 62-67; Blain, H., Rolland, Y., Tuaillon, E., Efficacy of a test-retest strategy in residents and health care personnel of a nursing home facing a COVID-19 outbreak (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 933-936; Rawson, T.M., Moore, L.S.P., Zhu, N., Bacterial and fungal co-infection in individuals with coronavirus: A rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , ciaa530; Olsho, L.E., Bertrand, R.M., Edwards, A.S., Does adherence to the Loeb minimum criteria reduce antibiotic prescribing rates in nursing homes? (2013) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 14, pp. 309.e1-309.e7; Zimmerman, S., Sloane, P.D., Bertrand, R., Successfully reducing antibiotic prescribing in nursing homes (2014) J Am Geriatr Soc, 62, pp. 907-912; Katz, P.R., Beam, T.R., Jr., Brand, F., Boyce, K., Antibiotic use in the nursing home. Physician practice patterns (1990) Arch Intern Med, 150, pp. 1465-1468; Loeb, M., Bentley, D.W., Bradley, S., Development of minimum criteria for the initiation of antibiotics in residents of long-term-care facilities: Results of a consensus conference. Infection control and hospital epidemiology (2001) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 22, pp. 120-124; Brown, K.A., Daneman, N., Schwartz, K.L., The urine-culturing cascade: Variation in nursing home urine culturing and association with antibiotic use and Clostridiodes difficile infection (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 70, pp. 1620-1627; Eke-Usim, A.C., Rogers, M.A., Gibson, K.E., Constitutional symptoms trigger diagnostic testing before antibiotic prescribing in high-risk nursing home residents (2016) J Am Geriatr Soc, 64, pp. 1975-1980; CMS Survey and Certification Group 2016/2017 Nursing Home Action Plan: Action plan for further improvement of nursing home quality https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/CertificationandComplianc/Downloads/2016%5f2017-Nursing-Home-Action-Plan.pdf, Available at: (Accessed 20 October 2020); Jump, R.L.P., Crnich, C.J., Mody, L., Infectious diseases in older adults of long-term care facilities: Update on approach to diagnosis and management (2018) J Am Geriatr Soc, 66, pp. 789-803; Jacobs Slifka, K.M., Kabbani, S., Stone, N.D., Prioritizing prevention to combat multidrug resistance in nursing homes: A call to action (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 5-7; Stone, P.W., Agarwal, M., Pogorzelska-Maziarz, M., Infection preventionist staffing in nursing homes (2020) Am J Infect Control, 48, pp. 330-332; Harris-Kojetin, L., Sengupta, M., Lendon, J.P., Long-term care providers and services users in the United States, 2015–2016. National Center for Health Statistics (2019) Vital Health Stat 3, 3. , x-xii; 1-10; Long-Term Care Providers and Services Users in the United States—State Estimates Supplement: National Study of Long-Term Care Providers, 2015–2016 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nsltcp/2016_CombinedNSLTCPStateTables_opt.pdf, Available at: (Accessed 22 October 2020); Zimmerman, S., Sloane, P.D., Williams, C.S., Residential care/assisted living staff may detect undiagnosed dementia using the Minimum Data Set Cognition Scale (2007) J Am Geriatr Soc, 55, pp. 1349-1355; Zimmerman, S., Sloane, P.D., Reed, D., Dementia prevalence and care in assisted living (2014) Health Aff, 33, pp. 658-666; Port, C.L., Zimmerman, S., Williams, C.S., Families filling the gap: Comparing family involvement for assisted living and nursing home residents with dementia (2005) Gerontologist, 45 Spec No 1 (1), pp. 87-95; Katz, P.R., Kronhaus, A., Fuller, S., The role of physicians practicing in assisted living: Time for change (2018) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 19, pp. 102-103; Bucy, T., Smith, L., Carder, P., Variability in state regulations pertaining to infection control and pandemic response in US assisted living communities (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 701-702; Zimmerman, S., Sloane, P.D., Katz, P.R., The need to include assisted living in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 572-575; PY - 2020 SN - 15258610 (ISSN) SP - 1741-1745 ST - The Winter Respiratory Viral Season During the COVID-19 Pandemic T2 - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association TI - The Winter Respiratory Viral Season During the COVID-19 Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097034294&doi=10.1016%2fj.jamda.2020.10.030&partnerID=40&md5=aa8187847d9a0dffc33f6c60ecd46fe2 VL - 21 ID - 261 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The spread of the COVID-19 virus presents an unprecedented event that rapidly introduced widespread life threat, economic destabilization, and social isolation. The human nervous system is tuned to detect safety and danger, integrating body and brain responses via the autonomic nervous system. Shifts in brain-body states toward danger responses can compromise mental health. For those who have experienced prior potentially traumatic events, the autonomic threat response system may be sensitive to new dangers and these threat responses may mediate the association between prior adversity and current mental health. Method: The present study collected survey data from adult U.S. residents (n = 1,666; 68% female; Age M = 46.24, SD = 15.14) recruited through websites, mailing lists, social media, and demographically-targeted sampling collected between March and May 2020. Participants reported on their adversity history, subjective experiences of autonomic reactivity, PTSD and depression symptoms, and intensity of worry related to the COVID-19 pandemic using a combination of standardized questionnaires and questions developed for the study. Formal mediation testing was conducted using path analysis and structural equation modeling. Results: Respondents with prior adversities reported higher levels of destabilized autonomic reactivity, PTSD and depression symptoms, and worry related to COVID-19. Autonomic reactivity mediated the relation between adversity and all mental health variables (standardized indirect effect range for unadjusted models: 0.212–0.340; covariate-adjusted model: 0.183–0.301). Discussion: The data highlight the important role of autonomic regulation as an intervening variable in mediating the impact of adversity on mental health. Because of the important role that autonomic function plays in the expression of mental health vulnerability, brain-body oriented therapies that promote threat response reduction should be investigated as possible therapeutic targets. © Copyright © 2020 Kolacz, Dale, Nix, Roath, Lewis and Porges. AD - Traumatic Stress Research Consortium, Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Kolacz, J. AU - Dale, L. P. AU - Nix, E. J. AU - Roath, O. K. AU - Lewis, G. F. AU - Porges, S. W. C7 - 577728 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577728 J2 - Front. Psychiatry KW - autonomic nervous system coronavirus COVID-19 depression polyvagal theory PTSD trauma worry adult Article autonomic reactivity controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 demography descriptive research disease association DSM-IV-TR female human Likert scale major clinical study male Patient Health Questionnaire 2 patient worry posttraumatic stress disorder questionnaire self report social media structural equation modeling United States LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Kolacz, J.; Traumatic Stress Research Consortium, United States; email: jacekkolacz@gmail.com Funding text 1: Funding in support of this work was provided by the Dillon Foundation and the United States Association of Body Psychotherapy. References: (2020) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, , https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2020/p0121-novel-coronavirus-travel-case.html, Available online at; (2020) WHO Virtual Press Conference on COVID-19, , Virtual Press Conference presented at; (2020) The White House, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/proclamation-declaring-national-emergency-concerning-novel-coronavirus-disease-covid-19-outbreak/, Available online at; Carvalho, P.M., de, M., Moreira, M.M., de Oliveira, M.N.A., Landim, J.M.M., Neto, M.L.R., The psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak (2020) Psychiatr Res, 286, p. 112902. , 32146248; McGinty, E.E., Presskreischer, R., Han, H., Barry, C.L., Psychological distress and loneliness reported by US adults in 2018 and April 2020 (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 93-94. , 32492088; Holmes, E.A., O'Connor, R.C., Perry, V.H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science (2020) The Lancet Psychiatry, 7, pp. 547-560. , 32304649; Porges, S.W., Orienting in a defensive world: mammalian modifications of our evolutionary heritage. A Polyvagal Theory (1995) Psychophysiology, 32, pp. 301-318; Porges, S.W., The polyvagal perspective (2007) Biol Psychology, 74, pp. 116-143. , 17049418; Thayer, J.F., Lane, R.D., A model of neurovisceral integration in emotion regulation and dysregulation (2000) J Affective Disord, 61, pp. 201-216; (1865) Introduction á l'étude de la médecine expérimentale, , Paris, Baillière; Langley, J.N., (1921) The Autonomic Nervous System, , Oxford, Heffer, (Pt. I; Cannon, W.B., Organization for physiological homeostasis (1929) Physiol Rev, 9, pp. 399-431; Hess, W.R., (1948) The Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System, , Basel, Benno Schwabe & Co; Jänig, W., (2008) Integrative Action of the Autonomic Nervous System: Neurobiology of Homeostasis, p. 633. , Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, :, p; Kolacz, J., Kovacic, K.K., Porges, S.W., Traumatic stress and the autonomic brain-gut connection in development: polyvagal Theory as an integrative framework for psychosocial and gastrointestinal pathology (2019) Dev Psychobiol, 61, pp. 796-809. , 30953358; Porges, S.W., (2011) The Polyvagal Theory, Neurophysiology Foundation of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, Self-Regulation, , New York, NY, Norton Publishing House; Porges, S.W., The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system (2001) Int J Psychophysiol, 42, pp. 123-146. , 11587772; Kemp, A.H., Quintana, D.S., Gray, M.A., Felmingham, K.L., Brown, K., Gatt, J.M., Impact of depression and antidepressant treatment on heart rate variability: a review and meta-analysis (2010) Biol Psychiatry, 67, pp. 1067-1074. , 20138254; Chalmers, J.A., Quintana, D.S., Abbott, M.J., Kemp, A.H., Anxiety disorders are associated with reduced heart rate variability: a meta-analysis (2014) Front Psychiatry, 5, p. 80. , 25071612; Koenig, J., Kemp, A.H., Beauchaine, T.P., Thayer, J.F., Kaess Depression, M., (2016) Clin Psychol Rev, 46, pp. 136-150. , 27185312; Levine, J.C., Fleming, R., Piedmont, J.I., Cain, S.M., Chen, W.-J., Heart rate variability and generalized anxiety disorder during laboratory-induced worry and aversive imagery (2016) J Affect Disord, 205, pp. 207-215. , 27449553; Bottomley, J.M., LeReun, C., Diamantopoulos, A., Mitchell, S., Gaynes, B.N., Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy in patients with treatment resistant depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Compreh Psychiatry, 98, p. 152156. , 31978785; Carreno, F.R., Frazer, A., Vagal nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression (2017) Neurotherapeutics, 14, pp. 716-727. , 28585221; Gurel, N.Z., Huang, M., Wittbrodt, M.T., Jung, H., Ladd, S.L., Shandhi, M.H., Quantifying acute physiological biomarkers of transcutaneous cervical vagal nerve stimulation in the context of psychological stress (2020) Brain Stimul, 13, pp. 47-59. , 31439323; Noble, L.J., Meruva, V.B., Hays, S.A., Rennaker, R.L., Kilgard, M.P., McIntyre, C.K., Vagus nerve stimulation promotes generalization of conditioned fear extinction and reduces anxiety in rats (2019) Brain Stimul, 12, pp. 9-18. , 30287193; Van der Kolk, B.A., (2015) The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma, p. 466. , New York, NY, Penguin Books, :, p; Dale, L.P., Shaikh, S.K., Fasciano, L.C., Watorek, V.D., Heilman, K.J., Porges, S.W., College females with maltreatment histories have atypical autonomic regulation and poor psychological well-being (2018) Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy, 10, pp. 427-434. , 29154592; Kolacz, J., Porges, S.W., Chronic diffuse pain and functional gastrointestinal disorders after traumatic stress: pathophysiology through a Polyvagal Perspective (2018) Front Med, 5, p. 145; Porges, S.W., Furman, S.A., The early development of the autonomic nervous system provides a neural platform for social behavior: a polyvagal perspective (2011) Infant Child Dev, 20, pp. 106-118. , 21516219; Del Giudice, M., Ellis, B.J., Shirtcliff, E.A., The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity (2011) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 35, pp. 1562-1592. , 21145350; Propper, C.B., Holochwost, S.J., The influence of proximal risk on the early development of the autonomic nervous system (2013) Dev Rev, 33, pp. 151-167; Dale, L.P., Carroll, L.E., Galen, G., Hayes, J.A., Webb, K.W., Porges, S.W., Abuse history is related to autonomic regulation to mild exercise and psychological well-being (2009) Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback, 34, pp. 299-308. , 19707870; Holochwost, S.J., Wang, G., Kolacz, J., Mills-Koonse, W.R., Klika, J.B., Jaffee, S.R., The neurobiological embedding of child maltreatment (2020) Dev Psychopathol, , 32624073, [Epub ahead of print]; McLaughlin, K.A., Sheridan, M.A., Tibu, F., Fox, N.A., Zeanah, C.H., Nelson, C.A., Causal effects of the early caregiving environment on development of stress response systems in children (2015) PNAS, 112, pp. 5637-5642. , 25902515; Hastings, P.D., Kahle, S., Fleming, C., Lohr, M.J., Katz, L.F., Oxford, M.L., An intervention that increases parental sensitivity in families referred to Child Protective Services also changes toddlers' parasympathetic regulation (2019) Dev Sci, 22, p. e12725. , 30156354; Cohen, H., Kotler, M., Matar, M.A., Kaplan, Z., Loewenthal, U., Miodownik, H., Analysis of heart rate variability in posttraumatic stress disorder patients in response to a trauma-related reminder (1998) Biol Psychiatry, 44, pp. 1054-1059. , 9821570; Van der Kolk, B.A., The neurobiology of childhood trauma and abuse (2003) Child Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 12, pp. 293-317. , 12725013; Pole, N., The psychophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis (2007) Psychol Bull, 133, pp. 725-746. , 17723027; Shanahan, L., Steinhoff, A., Bechtiger, L., Murray, A., Nivette, A., Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study (2020) Psychol Med, pp. 1-10. , 32571438; Porges, S.W., (2020) The COVID-19 Pandemic is a Paradoxical Challenge to Our Nervous System: A Polyvagal Perspective | Clinical Neuropsychiatry, , https://www.clinicalneuropsychiatry.org/download/the-covid-19-pandemic-is-a-paradoxical-challenge-to-our-nervous-system-a-polyvagal-perspective-2/, Available online at:, (accessed May 26, 2020; Walter, S.L., Seibert, S.E., Goering, D., O'Boyle, E.H., A tale of two sample sources: do results from online panel data and conventional data converge? (2019) J Bus Psychol, 34, pp. 425-452; Boas, T.C., Christenson, D.P., Glick, D.M., Recruiting large online samples in the United States India: Facebook, Mechanical Turk, Qualtrics (2020) PSRM, 8, pp. 232-250; Dale, L.P., Davidson, C., Kolacz, J., (2020) Adverse Traumatic Experiences Scale; Felitti, V.J., Anda, R.F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D.F., Spitz, A.M., Edwards, V., Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) study (1998) Am J Prev Med, 14, pp. 245-258. , 9635069; Hooper, L.M., Stockton, P., Krupnick, J.L., Green, B.L., Development, use, and psychometric properties of the Trauma History Questionnaire (2011) J Loss Trauma, 16, pp. 258-283; Weathers, F.W., Blake, D.D., Schnurr, P.P., Kaloupek, D.G., Marx, B.P., Keane, T.M., (2013) The Life Events Checklist for DSM-5 (LEC-5) – Standard, , https://www.ptsd.va.gov/, Available online at; Schnurr, P., Vielhauer, M., Weathers, F., Findler, M., (1999) The Brief Trauma Questionnaire (BTQ), , http://www.ptsd.va.gov, Available online at; Porges, S.W., (1993) Body Perception Questionnaire, , Maryland, Laboratory of Developmental Assessment, University of Maryland; Kolacz, J., Holmes, L.G., Porges, S.W., (2018) Body Perception Questionnaire (BPQ) Manual; Cabrera, A., Kolacz, J., Pailhez, G., Bulbena-Cabre, A., Bulbena, A., Porges, S.W., Assessing body awareness and autonomic reactivity: factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Perception Questionnaire-Short Form (BPQ-SF) (2018) Int J Methods Psychiatric Res, 27, p. e1596. , 29193423; Weathers, F.W., Huska, J.A., Keane, T.M., (1991) The PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) for DSM-IV, , Boston, National Center for PTSD - Behavioral Science Division, 10661004; Wilkins, K.C., Lang, A.J., Norman, S.B., Synthesis of the psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL) military, civilian, specific versions (2011) Depres Anxiety, 28, pp. 596-606. , 21681864; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM−5); Ruggiero, K.J., Ben, K.D., Scotti, J.R., Rabalais, A.E., Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist—civilian version (2003) J Traumatic Stress, 16, pp. 495-502. , 14584634; Spitzer, R.L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J.B.W., (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1737-1744; Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B.W., The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: validity of a two-item depression screener (2003) Med Care, 41, pp. 1284-1292. , 14583691; (2019) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , https://www.R-project.org/, Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, :, Available online at; Ruxton, G.D., The unequal variance t-test is an underused alternative to Student's t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test (2006) Behav Ecol, 17, pp. 688-690; Rosseel, Y., (2012) Lavaan: An R Package for Structural Equation Modeling. J Stat Softw, 48, pp. 1-36; Baron, R.M., Kenny, D.A., The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, statistical considerations (1986) J Personal Soc Psychol, 51, pp. 1173-1182; MacKinnon, D.P., (2008) Introduction to Statistical Mediation Analysis, p. 479. , New York, NY, Routledge, :, p; Hayes, A.F., Beyond Baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium (2009) Commun Monogr, 76, pp. 408-420; MacKinnon, D.P., Lockwood, C.M., Williams, J., Confidence limits for the indirect effect: distribution of the product and resampling methods (2004) Multivar Behav Res, 39, pp. 99-128. , 20157642; Steiger, J.H., A note on multiple sample extensions of the RMSEA fit index (1998) Struct Equ Modeling, 5, pp. 411-419; Tucker, L.R., Lewis, C., A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis (1973) Psychometrika, 38, pp. 1-10; Bentler, P.M., Comparative fit indexes in structural models (1990) Psychol Bull, 107, p. 238. , 2320703; Hu, L., Bentler, P.M., Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a multidisciplinary (1999) Journal, 6, pp. 1-55; MacCallum, R.C., Roznowski, M., Necowitz, L.B., Model modifications in covariance structure analysis: the problem of capitalization on chance (1992) Psychol Bull, 111, pp. 490-504. , 16250105; Bollen, K.A., Bauldry, S., Three Cs in measurement models: causal indicators, composite indicators, and covariates (2011) Psychol Methods, 16, pp. 265-284. , 21767021; Thayer, J.F., Friedman, B.H., Borkovec, T.D., Autonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and worry (1996) Biol Psychiatry, 39, pp. 255-266. , 8645772; Beauchaine, T., Vagal tone, development, and Gray's motivational theory: toward an integrated model of autonomic nervous system functioning in psychopathology (2001) Dev Psychopathol, 13, pp. 183-214. , 11393643; Austin, M.A., Riniolo, T.C., Porges, S.W., Borderline personality disorder and emotion regulation: Insights from the Polyvagal Theory (2007) Brain Cognition, 65, pp. 69-76. , 17659821; Williamson, J.B., Porges, E.C., Lamb, D.G., Porges, S.W., Maladaptive autonomic regulation in PTSD accelerates physiological aging (2015) Front Psychol, 5, p. 1571. , 25653631; Lahey, B.B., Public health significance of neuroticism (2009) Am Psychol, 64, pp. 241-256. , 19449983; Chida, Y., Hamer, M., Chronic psychosocial factors and acute physiological responses to laboratory-induced stress in healthy populations: a quantitative review of 30 years of investigations (2008) Psychol Bull, 134, pp. 829-885. , 18954159; Ormel, J., Bastiaansen, A., Riese, H., Bos, E.H., Servaas, M., Ellenbogen, M., The biological and psychological basis of neuroticism: current status and future directions (2013) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 37, pp. 59-72. , 23068306; Solomon, E.P., Heide, K.M., The biology of trauma: implications for treatment (2005) J Interpers Violence, 20, pp. 51-60. , 15618561; Dieterich-Hartwell, R., Dance/movement therapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress: a reference model (2017) Arts Psychother, 54, pp. 38-46; Goldstein, M.R., Lewis, G.F., Newman, R., Brown, J.M., Bobashev, G., Kilpatrick, L., Improvements in well-being and vagal tone following a yogic breathing-based life skills workshop in young adults: Two open-trial pilot studies (2016) Int J Yoga, 9, pp. 20-26. , 26865767; Ditto, B., Eclache, M., Goldman, N., Short-term autonomic and cardiovascular effects of mindfulness body scan meditation (2006) Ann Behav Med, 32, pp. 227-234; Kizakevich, P.N., Eckhoff, R.P., Lewis, G.F., Davila, M.I., Hourani, L.L., Watkins, R., Biofeedback-assisted resilience training for traumatic and operational stress: preliminary analysis of a self-delivered digital health methodology (2019) JMIR mHealth uHealth, 7, p. e12590. , 31493325; Chatel-Goldman, J., Congedo, M., Jutten, C., Schwartz, J.-L., Touch increases autonomic coupling between romantic partners (2014) Front Behav Neurosci, 8, p. 95. , 24734009; Borelli, J.L., Shai, D., Yaakobi, S.F., Levit-Binnun, N., Golland, Y., Interpersonal physiological regulation during couple support interactions: examining the role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and emotional support (2019) Psychophysiology, 56, p. e13443. , 31376306; Baldwin, J.R., Reuben, A., Newbury, J.B., Danese, A., Agreement between prospective and retrospective measures of childhood maltreatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) JAMA Psychiatry, 76, pp. 584-593. , 30892562; Reuben, A., Moffitt, T.E., Caspi, A., Belsky, D.W., Harrington, H., Schroeder, F., Lest we forget: comparing retrospective and prospective assessments of adverse childhood experiences in the prediction of adult health (2016) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 57, pp. 1103-1112 PY - 2020 SN - 16640640 (ISSN) ST - Adversity History Predicts Self-Reported Autonomic Reactivity and Mental Health in US Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic T2 - Frontiers in Psychiatry TI - Adversity History Predicts Self-Reported Autonomic Reactivity and Mental Health in US Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095811370&doi=10.3389%2ffpsyt.2020.577728&partnerID=40&md5=a2b48d4a3009c3195ec59d9bec701a22 VL - 11 ID - 315 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Combustible tobacco users appear to be at greater risk for serious complications from COVID-19. This study examined cigar smokers’ perceived risk of COVID-19, quit intentions, and behaviors during the current pandemic. We conducted an online study between 23 April 2020 to 7 May 2020, as part of an ongoing study examining perceptions of different health effects of cigars. All participants used cigars in the past 30 days (n = 777). Three-quarters of the sample (76.0%) perceived they had a higher risk of complications from COVID-19 compared to non-smokers. The majority of participants (70.8%) intended to quit in the next six months due to COVID-19, and almost half of the sample (46.5%) reported making a quit attempt since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Far more participants reported increasing their tobacco use since COVID-19 started (40.9%) vs. decreasing their tobacco use (17.8%). Black or African American participants, participants who reported using a quitline, and participants with higher COVID-19 risk perceptions had higher intentions to quit using tobacco due to COVID-19, and higher odds of making a quit attempt since COVID-19 started. More research is needed to understand how tobacco users are perceiving COVID-19 risks and changing their tobacco use behaviors. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AD - Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, United States AU - Kowitt, S. D. AU - Ross, J. C. AU - Jarman, K. L. AU - Kistler, C. E. AU - Lazard, A. J. AU - Ranney, L. M. AU - Sheeran, P. AU - Thrasher, J. F. AU - Goldstein, A. O. C2 - 32722469 C7 - 5368 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/ijerph17155368 IS - 15 J2 - Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health KW - Cigar Communication COVID-19 Quitting Risk Smoking cessation Tobacco health geography health risk respiratory disease risk perception smoking viral disease adult African American Article Black person cigar smoking controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cross-sectional study female high risk population human interpersonal communication male online system pandemic perception United States attitude to health behavior Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection ethnology middle aged psychology tobacco use virus pneumonia Nicotiana tabacum African Americans Coronavirus Infections Cross-Sectional Studies Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Intention Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Smokers Tobacco Products Tobacco Use Cessation LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Kowitt, S.D.; Department of Family Medicine, United States; email: kowitt@email.unc.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01CA240732 Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI Funding text 1: Funding: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01CA240732. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. References: Zhao, Q., Meng, M., Kumar, R., Wu, Y., Huang, J., Lian, N., Deng, Y., Lin, S., The impact of copd and smoking history on the severity of covid-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis (2020) J. Med. Virol, , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Vardavas, C.I., Nikitara, K., Covid-19 and smoking: A systematic review of the evidence (2020) Tob. Induc. Dis, 18, p. 20. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Karanasos, A., Aznaouridis, K., Latsios, G., Synetos, A., Plitaria, S., Tousoulis, D., Toutouzas, K., Impact of smoking status on disease severity and mortality of hospitalized patients with covid-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Nicotine Tob. Res. Off. J. Soc. Res. Nicotine Tob, , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Patanavanich, R., Glantz, S.A., Smoking is associated with covid-19 progression: A meta-analysis (2020) Nicotine Tob. Res. Off. J. Soc. Res. Nicotine Tob, , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Lawrence, H., Hunter, A., Murray, R., Lim, W.S., McKeever, T., Cigarette smoking and the occurrence of influenza–systematic review (2019) J. Infect, 79, pp. 401-406. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Arcavi, L., Benowitz, N.L., Cigarette smoking and infection (2004) Arch. Intern. Med, 164, pp. 2206-2216. , [CrossRef]; Lippi, G., Henry, B.M., Active smoking is not associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) (2020) Eur. J. Intern. Med, 75, pp. 107-108. , [CrossRef]; Smokers Seem Less Likely than Non-Smokers to Fall Ill with Covid-19, , https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2020/05/02/smokers-seem-less-likely-than-nonsmokers-to-fall-ill-with-covid-19, The Economist. (accessed on 1 June 2020); Israel, A., Feldhamer, I., Lahad, A., Levin-Zamir, D., Lavie, G., Smoking and the risk of covid-19 in a large observational population study (2020) medRxiv, , [CrossRef]; Changeux, J.-P., Amoura, Z., Rey, F.A., Miyara, M., A nicotinic hypothesis for covid-19 with preventive and therapeutic implications (2020) C. R. Biol, 343, pp. 33-39; Gilmore, A., Review of: “Low incidence of daily active tobacco smoking in patients with symptomatic covid-19 (2020) Qeios, , [CrossRef]; Borrelli, B., Hayes, R.B., Dunsiger, S., Fava, J.L., Risk perception and smoking behavior in medically ill smokers: A prospective study (2010) Addiction, 105, pp. 1100-1108. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Weinstein, N.D., The precaution adoption process (1988) Health Psychol, 7, p. 355. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Tsourtos, G., Ward, P.R., Miller, E.R., Hill, K., Barton, C., Wilson, C.J., Woodman, R., Does resilience moderate the relationship between stress and smoking status? (2019) Subst. Use Misuse, 54, pp. 412-425. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Wills, T.A., Sandy, J.M., Yaeger, A.M., Stress and smoking in adolescence: A test of directional hypotheses (2002) Health Psychol, 21, p. 122. , [CrossRef]; McKee, S.A., Sinha, R., Weinberger, A.H., Sofuoglu, M., Harrison, E.L.R., Lavery, M., Wanzer, J., Stress decreases the ability to resist smoking and potentiates smoking intensity and reward (2011) J. Psychopharmacol, 25, pp. 490-502. , [CrossRef]; Slopen, N., Kontos, E.Z., Ryff, C.D., Ayanian, J.Z., Albert, M.A., Williams, D.R., Psychosocial stress and cigarette smoking persistence, cessation, and relapse over 9–10 years: A prospective study of middle-aged adults in the united states (2013) Cancer Causes Control, 24, pp. 1849-1863. , [CrossRef]; Klemperer, E.M., West, J.C., Peasley-Miklus, C., Villanti, A.C., Change in tobacco and electronic cigarette use and motivation to quit in response to covid-19 (2020) Nicotine Tob. Res. Off. J. Soc. Res. Nicotine Tob, , [CrossRef]; Kasza, K.A., Ambrose, B.K., Conway, K.P., Borek, N., Taylor, K., Goniewicz, M.L., Cummings, K.M., Green, V.R., Tobacco-product use by adults and youths in the united states in 2013 and 2014 (2017) N. Engl. J. Med, 376, pp. 342-353. , [CrossRef]; Corey, C.G., Holder-Hayes, E., Nguyen, A.B., Delnevo, C.D., Rostron, B.L., Bansal-Travers, M., Kimmel, H.L., Pearson, J.L., Us adult cigar smoking patterns, purchasing behaviors, and reasons for use according to cigar type: Findings from the population assessment of tobacco and health (path) study, 2013–2014 (2017) Nicotine Tob Res, 20, pp. 1457-1466. , [CrossRef]; Sterling, K.L., Fryer, C.S., Pagano, I., Fagan, P., Little cigars and cigarillos use among young adult cigarette smokers in the united states: Understanding risk of concomitant use subtypes (2016) Nicotine Tob Res, 18, pp. 2234-2242. , [CrossRef]; Results from the 2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Detailed Tables, , https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-DetTabs-2016/NSDUH-DetTabs-2016.pdf, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (accessed on 25 September 2018); Nyman, A.L., Sterling, K.L., Weaver, S.R., Majeed, B.A., Eriksen, M.P., Little cigars and cigarillos: Users, perceptions, and reasons for use (2016) Tob. Regul. Sci, 2, pp. 239-251. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Jamal, A., Phillips, E., Gentzke, A.S., Homa, D.M., Babb, S.D., King, B.A., Neff, L.J., Current cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 2016 (2018) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 67, pp. 53-59. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Covid-19 in Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/racial-ethnic-minorities.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (accessed on 29 May 2020); Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Pu, K., Chen, Z., Guo, Q., Ji, R., Zhou, Y., Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel wuhan coronavirus (covid-19) infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Int. J. Infect. Dis, 94, pp. 91-95. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Jordan, R.E., Adab, P., Cheng, K.K., Covid-19: Risk factors for severe disease and death (2020) BMJ, 368. , [CrossRef]; Cataldo, J.K., High-risk older smokers’ perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs about lung cancer screening (2016) Cancer Med, 5, pp. 753-759. , [CrossRef]; Rosoff, H., John, R.S., Prager, F., Flu, risks, and videotape: Escalating fear and avoidance (2012) Risk Anal. Int. J, 32, pp. 729-743. , [CrossRef]; Brandon, D.M., Long, J.H., Loraas, T.M., Mueller-Phillips, J., Vansant, B., Online instrument delivery and participant recruitment services: Emerging opportunities for behavioral accounting research (2013) Behav. Res. Account, 26, pp. 1-23. , [CrossRef]; Klein, W.M., Zajac, L.E., Monin, M.M., Worry as a moderator of the association between risk perceptions and quitting intentions in young adult and adult smokers (2009) Ann. Behav. Med, 38, pp. 256-261. , [CrossRef]; Fagan, P., Augustson, E., Backinger, C.L., O‘Connell, M.E., Vollinger, R.E., Kaufman, A., Gibson, J.T., Quit attempts and intention to quit cigarette smoking among young adults in the united states (2007) Am. J. Public Health, 97, pp. 1412-1420. , [CrossRef]; Hays, R.D., Bjorner, J.B., Revicki, D.A., Spritzer, K.L., Cella, D., Development of physical and mental health summary scores from the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system (promis) global items (2009) Qual. Life Res, 18, pp. 873-880. , [CrossRef]; Boynton, M.H., Agans, R.P., Bowling, J.M., Brewer, N.T., Sutfin, E.L., Goldstein, A.O., Noar, S.M., Ribisl, K.M., Understanding how perceptions of tobacco constituents and the fda relate to effective and credible tobacco risk messaging: A national phone survey of u.S. Adults, 2014–2015 (2016) BMC Public Health, 16, p. 516. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Regan, A.K., Promoff, G., Dube, S.R., Arrazola, R., Electronic nicotine delivery systems: Adult use and awareness of the ‘e-cigarette’ in the USA (2013) Tob. Control, 22, pp. 19-23. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Sung, H.-Y., Wang, Y., Yao, T., Lightwood, J., Max, W., Polytobacco use and nicotine dependence symptoms among us adults, 2012–2014 (2018) Nicotine Tob. Res, 20, pp. S88-S98. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Ferrer, R.A., Klein, W.M., Persoskie, A., Avishai-Yitshak, A., Sheeran, P., The tripartite model of risk perception (tririsk): Distinguishing deliberative, affective, and experiential components of perceived risk (2016) Ann. Behav. Med, 50, pp. 653-663. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Babb, S., Malarcher, A., Schauer, G., Asman, K., Jamal, A., Quitting smoking among adults—United States, 2000–2015 (2017) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 65, pp. 1457-1464. , [CrossRef]; Walton, K., Wang, T.W., Schauer, G.L., Hu, S., McGruder, H.F., Jamal, A., Babb, S., State-specific prevalence of quit attempts among adult cigarette smokers—United States, 2011–2017 (2019) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 68, p. 621. , [CrossRef]; Schauer, G.L., Malarcher, A.M., Zhang, L., Engstrom, M.C., Zhu, S.-H., Prevalence and correlates of quitline awareness and utilization in the united states: An update from the 2009–2010 national adult tobacco survey (2014) Nicotine Tob Res, 16, pp. 544-553. , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Rockville, MD, USA, 2020. 41. [CrossRef]; Kaufman, A., Augustson, E., Davis, K.I.A., Finney Rutten, L.J., Awareness and use of tobacco quitlines: Evidence from the health information national trends survey (2010) J. Health Commun, 15, pp. 264-278. , [CrossRef]; Keller, P.A., Feltracco, A., Bailey, L.A., Li, Z., Niederdeppe, J., Baker, T.B., Fiore, M.C., Peer reviewed: Changes in tobacco quitlines in the united states, 2005–2006 (2010) Prev. Chronic Dis, 7, p. A36; Ossip-Klein, D.J., McIntosh, S., Quitlines in north america: Evidence base and applications (2003) Am. J. Med Sci, 326, pp. 201-205. , [CrossRef]; Woods, S.S., Haskins, A.E., Increasing reach of quitline services in a us state with comprehensive tobacco treatment (2007) Tob. Control, 16, pp. i33-i36. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Davis, K.C., Alexander, J.R.L., Shafer, P., Mann, N., Malarcher, A., Zhang, L., The dose-response relationship between tobacco education advertising and calls to quitlines in the united states, march-june, 2012 (2015) Prev. Chronic Dis, 12, p. E191. , [CrossRef] [PubMed] PY - 2020 SN - 16617827 (ISSN) SP - 1-14 ST - Tobacco quit intentions and behaviors among cigar smokers in the united states in response to covid-19 T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Tobacco quit intentions and behaviors among cigar smokers in the united states in response to covid-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088811090&doi=10.3390%2fijerph17155368&partnerID=40&md5=68fccf1d0e40887d46a0ff3e95cdc236 VL - 17 ID - 424 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Advanced Cancer Research Group, Kirkland, WA, United States University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States University of North Carolina, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Washington, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA, United States Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States AU - Kuderer, N. M. AU - Wulff-Burchfield, E. AU - Rubinstein, S. M. AU - Grivas, P. AU - Warner, J. L. C2 - 33038964 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32065-1 IS - 10257 J2 - Lancet KW - all cause mortality cause of death coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity follow up human Letter malignant neoplasm mortality rate priority journal prognosis risk factor Betacoronavirus cohort analysis Coronavirus infection neoplasm pandemic virus pneumonia Cohort Studies Coronavirus Infections Humans Neoplasms Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: LANCA Funding details: Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding details: Genentech Funding details: Genzyme Funding details: GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Funding details: Merck Funding details: Roche Funding details: Janssen Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Clovis Oncology Funding details: Bayer Fund, BF Funding details: Mirati Therapeutics Funding details: Bavarian Nordic Funding text 1: NMK reports personal fees from G1 Therapeutics, Invitae, Beyond Spring, Spectrum, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, and Total Health. EW-B reports stock and other ownership interests by an immediate family member in Nektar, Immunomedics; and a consulting or advisory role in Astellas Scientific and Medical Affairs and Exelixis. PG reports consulting for AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, Driver, EMD Serono, Exelixis, Foundation Medicine, GlaxoSmithKline, Genentech, Genzyme, Heron Therapeutics, Janssen, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Pfizer, Roche, Seattle Genetics, and QED Therapeutics; participation in an educational programme for Bristol-Myers Squibb; and institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Bavarian Nordic, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology, Debiopharm, Genentech, Immunomedics, Kure It Cancer Research, Merck, Mirati Therapeutics, Oncogenex, Pfizer, QED Therapeutics, and GlaxoSmithKline. JLW reports personal fees from Westat and International Business Machines Watson Health; and stock ownership in HemOnc.org. SMR declares no competing interests. References: Kuderer, N.M., Choueiri, T.K., Shah, D.P., Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1907-1918; Guidance for certifying deaths due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvss/vsrg/vsrg03-508.pdf, (Accessed 22 August 2020); London, J.W., Fazio-Eynullayeva, E., Palchuk, M.B., Sankey, P., McNair, C., Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer-related patient encounters (2020) JCO Clin Cancer Inform, 4, pp. 657-665; Williamson, E.J., Walker, A.J., Bhaskaran, K., OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients (2020) medRxiv, 584, pp. 430-436. , (preprint); Passamonti, F., Cattaneo, C., Arcaini, L., Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study (2020) Lancet Haematol, 7, pp. e737-e745 PY - 2020 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) SP - 1067-1068 ST - Cancer and COVID-19 – Authors' reply T2 - The Lancet TI - Cancer and COVID-19 – Authors' reply UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092415864&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2820%2932065-1&partnerID=40&md5=3c469e4e0fca8aae746a86de5d3712e3 VL - 396 ID - 328 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This article examines the tensions, communal processes, and narrative frameworks behind producing collective racial politics across differences. As digital media objects, the Asian American Feminist Collective’s zine Asian American Feminist Antibodies: Care in the Time of Coronavirus and corresponding #FeministAntibodies Tweetchat responds directly to and anticipates a social media and information environment that has racialized COVID-19 in the language of Asian-ness. Writing from an autoethnographical perspective and using collaborative methods of qualitative discourse analysis as feminist scholars, media-makers, and interlocuters, this article looks toward the technological infrastructures, social economies, and material forms of Asian American digital media-making in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. © The Author(s) 2020. AD - The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States The University of Texas at Austin, United States Harvard University, United States California State University, Los Angeles, United States AU - Kuo, R. AU - Zhang, A. AU - Shaw, V. AU - Wang, C. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/2056305120978364 IS - 4 J2 - Social Media Soc. KW - activism Asian American feminist media social media Twitter LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Kuo, R.; The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States Funding text 1: The authors would like to extend a thank you to the ?Care in the Time of Coronavirus? zine co-editors, Salonee Bhaman (AAFC), Matilda Sabal (Bluestockings), and Tiffany Diane Tso (AAFC), as well as additional co-leaders of the Asian American Feminist Collective, Julie Ae Kim and Senti Sojwal. They appreciate the time and contributions of all participants in the #FeministAntibodies Tweetchat. In addition, they would like to thank other members of the AAPI COVID-19 Project collaborative research group, including Catherine Nguyen, Christina Ong, Susanna Park, Kara Takasaki, Mu Wu, and Liwei Zhang, as well as Jason Beckfield for ongoing support of their research. The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. References: Ahmed, S., (2006) Queer phenomenology: Orientations, objects, others, , Duke University Press; (2020) Media-based organizing, , https://www.alliedmedia.org/media-based-organizing; #FeministAntibodies Tweetchat: Care in the time of coronavirus (2020) Wakelet, , bit.ly/feministantibodies, April, (, a; (2020), https://twitter.com/aafcollective/status/1247173433231839234, April, 6, (, b,). [@aafcollective]. Twitter; (2020), https://twitter.com/aafcollective/status/1248670749793095681, April, 10, (, c,). [@aafcollective]. Twitter; Bailey, M., #Transform(ing)DH writing and research: An autoethnography of digital humanities and feminist ethics (2015) Digital Humanities Quarterly, 9 (2), p. 1. , Article; Bascara, V., Nakamura, L., Adaptation and its discontents: Asian American cultural politics across platforms (2014) Amerasia Journal, 40 (2). , ix–xviii; Bhaman, S., @saloneee (2020) Twitter, , https://twitter.com/saloneee/status/1248659432940228610, April, 10; Bhaman, S., Kuo, R., Sabal, M., Shaw, V., Tso, T.D., Care in the time of coronavirus (2020) Asian American feminist antibodies: Care in the time of coronavirus, , https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/wlpanalyses/9/, In, (Ed; Bonilla, Y., Rosa, J., #Ferguson: Digital protest hashtag ethnography and the racial politics of social media (2015) American Ethnologist, 42 (1), pp. 4-17; Brock, A., Deeper data: A response to Boyd and Crawford (2015) Media, Culture, and Society, 37 (7), pp. 1084-1088; Brock, A., Critical technocultural discourse analysis (2016) New Media & Society, 20 (3), pp. 1012-1030; Chau, M., A comic on resiliency (2020) Wing Luke Museum Newsletter, , https://bit.ly/2yYKbF6, March, 19, (, a; Chau, M., (2020), https://twitter.com/monyeeart/status/1248663472788762624, April, 10, (, b,). [@monyeeart]. Twitter; Cheryan, S., Monin, B., Where are you really from? Asian Americans and identity denial (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89 (5), pp. 717-730; Chun, W.H.K., (2016) Habitual new media, , MIT Press; Collins, P.H., Intersectionality’s definitional dilemmas (2015) Annual Review of Sociology, 41, pp. 1-20; Devakumar, D., Shannon, G., Bhopal, S.S., Abubakar, I., Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10231). , Article 1194; (2020), https://twitter.com/EqualityLabs/status/1248658596117831680, April, 10, (,). [@equalitylabs]; Federici, S., (2012) Revolution at point zero: Housework, reproduction, and feminist struggle, , PM Press; (2020), https://twitter.com/FreeThemAll2020/status/1248660261445271552, April, 10, (,). [@freethemall2020]. Twitter; Gilmore, R.W., (2007) Golden gulag: Prisons, surplus, crisis, and opposition in globalizing California, , University of California Press; Green, V., (2011) Race on the line: Gender, labor, and technology in the Bell System, 1880–1980, , Duke University Press; Hall, S., Grossberg, L., On postmodernism and articulation: An interview with Stuart Hall (1986) Journal of Communication, 10 (45), pp. 45-60; Hanif, S.B.K., (2020), https://twitter.com/ShahanaFromBK/status/1248672500550164483, April, 10, (,). [@ShahanafromBK]. Twitter; Hong, S., (2012) Left in the dark: Inside the buildings of Chinatown after Hurricane Sandy, , https://aaww.org/left-in-the-dark/, November, 7, Asian American Writers Workshop; hooks, B., Choosing the margin as a space of radical openness (1989) Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media, 36, pp. 15-23; hooks, B., Homeplace: A site of resistance (1990) Yearning: Race, gender, and cultural politics, pp. 41-49. , hooks b., (ed), South End Press, (Ed.), (., –; Hsieh, P., (2020), https://twitter.com/ProfHsieh/status/1248660271716950016, April, 10, (,). [@ProfHsieh]. Twitter; Ishizuka, K., (2016) Serve the people: Making Asian America in the long sixties, , Verso Books; Iyer, D., (2017) We too sing America: South Asian, Arab, Muslim, and Sikh immigrants shape our multiracial future, , The New Press; Jackson, S.J.M., Bailey, M., Foucault Welles, B., (2020) #HashtagActivism: Networks of race and gender justice, , MIT Press; Joseph, M., (2002) Against the romance of community, , University of Minnesota Press; Kelly, H.S., (2020), https://twitter.com/DrHStilley/status/1249732882878345221, April, 10, (,). [@DrHStilley]. Twitter; Kim, D., Kim, E., The #TwitterEthics Manifesto (2014) Model View Culture, , https://modelviewculture.com/pieces/the-twitterethics-manifesto; Korn, J., Expecting penises in Chatroulette: Race, gender, and sexuality in anonymous online spaces (2017) Popular Communication, 15 (2), pp. 95-109; Kuo, R., Reflections on #solidarity: Intersectional movements in APIA communities (2017) Routledge companion to Asian American media, , https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315727745.ch16, Lopez L.K., Pham V., (eds), Routledge, (Eds; Kuo, R., Visible solidarities: #Asians4BlackLives and affective racial counterpublics (2018) Studies of Transition States and Societies, 10 (2), pp. 40-54; Kwan, Y.Y., Time-image episodes and the construction of transgenerational trauma narratives (2020) Journal of Asian American Studies, 23 (1), pp. 29-59; Lausan, H.K., (2020), https://twitter.com/lausanhk/status/1248660820030087171, April, 10, (,). [@lausanhk]. Twitter; Lee, E., The Yellow Peril” and Asian exclusion in the Americas (2007) Pacific Historical Review, 76 (4), pp. 537-562; Lopez, L.K., (2016) Asian American media activism: Fighting for cultural citizenship, , New York University Press; Lowe, L., (1996) Immigrant acts: On Asian American cultural politics, , Duke University Press; Lowe, L., Work, immigration, gender: New subjects of cultural politics: Social justice: crossing lines: Revisioning U.S (1998) Race Relations, 25 (3), pp. 31-49; Lowe, L., History hesitant (2015) Social Text, 125, pp. 85-107; McIlwain, C., Racial formation, inequality and the political economy of web traffic (2017) Information, Communication & Society, 20 (7), pp. 1073-1089; Nakamura, L., Economies of digital production in East Asia: iPhone girls and the transnational circuits of cool (2011) Media Fields Journal, 2. , http://mediafieldsjournal.org/economies-of-digital/; Nakamura, L., Chow-White, P., (2013) Race after the Internet, , Routledge, (Eds; Nash, J., (2019) Black feminism reimagined: After intersectionality, , Duke University Press; Nguyen, M.T., Minor threats (2015) Radical History Review, 122, pp. 11-24; Nickel, P.M., Eikenberry, A.M., Responding to “natural” disasters: The ethical implications of the voluntary state (2007) Administrative Theory & Praxis, 29 (4), pp. 534-545; Noble, S.N., A future for intersectional black feminist technology studies (2016) Scholar & Feminist Online, 13 (3), pp. 1-8; (2020), https://twitter.com/nodutdol/status/1248659624779223041, April, 10, (,). [@nodutdol]. Twitter; Park, A., (2020), https://twitter.com/alisonrohpark/status/1248659331115102209, April, 10, (,). [@alisonrohpark]. Twitter; Peek, L., (2011) Behind the backlash: Muslim Americans after 9/11, , Temple University Press; Piepzna-Samarasinha, L.L., (2018) Care work: Dreaming disability justice, , Arsenal Pulp Press; Piepzna-Samarasinha, L.L., Half-assed disabled prepper tips for preparing for a coronavirus quarantine (2020) Google Docs, , bit.ly/preppertips, March, 9; (2020), https://twitter.com/RedCanarySong/status/1248663620902359041, April, 10, (,). [@redcanarysong]. Twitter; Rodriguez, J.M., (2014) Sexual futures, queer gestures, and other Latina longings, , New York University Press; Ryan, E.G., Pantsuit nation is the worst: Why a book of uplifting Facebook posts won’t heal America (2016) Daily Beast, , http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/12/21/pantsuitnation-is-the-worst-why-a-book-of-uplifting-facebook-posts-won-t-heal-america.html, December, 21; Sabal, M., (2020), https://twitter.com/fierce_invalids/status/1248661850474061827, April, 10, (,). [@fierce_invalids]. Twitter; Shah, N., (2001) Contagious divides: Epidemics and race in San Francisco’s Chinatown, , University of California Press; Sharma, H., (2020), https://twitter.com/heenasharma_/status/1248668277129216001, April, 10, (, a,). [@heenasharma]. Twitter; Sharma, H., (2020), https://twitter.com/heenasharma_/status/1248670419114131461, April, 10, (, b,). [@heenasharma]. Twitter; Sharma, S., Black Twitter? Racial hashtags, networks and contagion (2013) New Formations, 78, pp. 46-64; Shaw, V., We are already living together (2017) Precarious belongings: Affect and nationalism in Asia, pp. 59-76. , Goh D., Wang C.-M., (eds), Rowman & Littlefield, (Eds.), (., –; Shaw, V., Strategies of ambivalence: Cultures of liberal Antifa in Japan (2020) Radical History Review, 138, pp. 145-170; Smith, B., A press of our own kitchen table: Women of color press (1989) Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies, 10 (3), pp. 11-13; Steele, C.K., Black bloggers and their varied publics: The everyday politics of black discourse online (2017) Television and New Media, 19 (2), pp. 112-127; Suyemoto, K.L., Liu, C.M., Asian American students in Asian American studies: Experiences of racism-related stress and relation to depressive and anxious symptoms (2018) Journal of Asian American Studies, 21 (2), pp. 301-326; Tang, E., A gulf unites us: The Vietnamese Americans of Black New Orleans East (2011) American Quarterly, 63 (1), pp. 117-149; Tran, K., (2020), https://twitter.com/but_im_kim_tran/status/1248670628531425280, April, 10, (,). [@but_im_kim_tran]. Twitter; Vis, F., A critical reflection on Big Data: Considering APIs, researchers and tools as data makers (2013) First Monday, 18 (10). , https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/4878; (2020), https://twitter.com/winglukemuseum/status/1248657324043993088, April, 10, (,). [@winglukemuseum]. Twitter; Wong, A., (2020) #Coronavirus and the disability community, , https://wakelet.com/wake/1633ef52-2ade-43a9-b118-50d19f821cb7, Wakelet; Yoneyama, L., (2016) Cold War ruins: Transpacific critique of American justice and Japanese war crimes, , Duke University Press PY - 2020 SN - 20563051 (ISSN) ST - #FeministAntibodies: Asian American Media in the Time of Coronavirus T2 - Social Media and Society TI - #FeministAntibodies: Asian American Media in the Time of Coronavirus UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097605373&doi=10.1177%2f2056305120978364&partnerID=40&md5=f2230d9ba7bac43d399684efd785dbdf VL - 6 ID - 535 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Strengthening health systems and maintaining essential service delivery during health emergencies response is critical for early detection and diagnosis, prompt treatment, and effective control of pandemics, including the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Health information systems (HIS) developed during recent Ebola outbreaks in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) provided opportunities to collect, analyze, and distribute data to inform both day-to-day and long-term policy decisions on outbreak preparedness. As COVID-19 continues to sweep across the globe, HIS and related technological advancements remain vital for effective and sustained data sharing, contact tracing, mapping and monitoring, community risk sensitization and engagement, preventive education, and timely preparedness and response activities. In reviewing literature of how HIS could have further supported mitigation of these Ebola outbreaks and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, three key areas were identified: Governance and coordination, health systems infrastructure and resources, and community engagement. In this concept paper, we outline scalable HIS lessons from recent Ebola outbreaks and early COVID-19 responses along these three domains, synthesizing recommendations to offer clear, evidence-based approaches on how to leverage HIS to strengthen the current pandemic response and foster community health systems resilience moving forward. Copyright © Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. AD - Women in Global Health, District of Columbia, Washington, United States Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Vayu Global Health Foundation, Boston, MA, United States University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Africa Disease Intelligence, Surveillance and Communication Higher Institute of Health Sciences, University des Montagnes, Cameroon AU - Lal, A. AU - Ashworth, H. C. AU - Dada, S. AU - Hoemeke, L. AU - Tambo, E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1071/S1935789320003614 J2 - Disaster Med. Public Health Preparedness KW - COVID-19 Ebola health information systems health systems strengthening outbreak response pandemic preparedness LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Lal, A.; Women in Global Health, 720 Rose Creek Circle, GA, United States; email: arush.lal@gmail.com PY - 2020 SN - 19357893 (ISSN) ST - Optimizing Pandemic Preparedness and Response through Health Information Systems: Lessons Learned from Ebola to COVID-19 T2 - Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness TI - Optimizing Pandemic Preparedness and Response through Health Information Systems: Lessons Learned from Ebola to COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095751107&doi=10.1071%2fS1935789320003614&partnerID=40&md5=7c4644afaa3462d33e74713e1cb22778 ID - 543 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The role of tracheostomy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains unknown. The goal of this consensus statement is to examine the current evidence for performing tracheostomy in patients with respiratory failure from COVID-19 and offer guidance to physicians on the preparation, timing, and technique while minimizing the risk of infection to health care workers (HCWs). Methods: A panel including intensivists and interventional pulmonologists from three professional societies representing 13 institutions with experience in managing patients with COVID-19 across a spectrum of health-care environments developed key clinical questions addressing specific topics on tracheostomy in COVID-19. A systematic review of the literature and an established modified Delphi consensus methodology were applied to provide a reliable evidence-based consensus statement and expert panel report. Results: Eight key questions, corresponding to 14 decision points, were rated by the panel. The results were aggregated, resulting in eight main recommendations and five additional remarks intended to guide health-care providers in the decision-making process pertinent to tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19-related respiratory failure. Conclusion: This panel suggests performing tracheostomy in patients expected to require prolonged mechanical ventilation. A specific timing of tracheostomy cannot be recommended. There is no evidence for routine repeat reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing in patients with confirmed COVID-19 evaluated for tracheostomy. To reduce the risk of infection in HCWs, we recommend performing the procedure using techniques that minimize aerosolization while wearing enhanced personal protective equipment. The recommendations presented in this statement may change as more experience is gained during this pandemic. © 2020 AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, MA, United States Chicago Chest Center, AMITA Health, Lisle, IL, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, New York University Langone HealthNY, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Respiratory Institute, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of California RiversideCA, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of FloridaFL, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Henry Ford Hospital and Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States AU - Lamb, C. R. AU - Desai, N. R. AU - Angel, L. AU - Chaddha, U. AU - Sachdeva, A. AU - Sethi, S. AU - Bencheqroun, H. AU - Mehta, H. AU - Akulian, J. AU - Argento, A. C. AU - Diaz-Mendoza, J. AU - Musani, A. AU - Murgu, S. C2 - 32512006 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.571 IS - 4 J2 - Chest KW - aerosol generating procedure COVID-19 open surgical tracheostomy percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy SARS-CoV-2 tracheostomy aerosol Article artificial ventilation clinical decision making consensus coronavirus disease 2019 disease association evidence based practice health care facility health care personnel human hypobaric chamber infection risk intensive care unit intensivist long term care medical society multidisciplinary team occupational hazard open surgery pandemic postoperative care priority journal pulmonologist respiratory failure reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction risk reduction systematic review throat culture Betacoronavirus clinical protocol complication Coronavirus infection disease transmission patient selection practice guideline prevention and control virology virus pneumonia Clinical Protocols Coronavirus Infections Humans Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Respiratory Insufficiency Societies, Medical LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :21 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CHETB Correspondence Address: Murgu, S.; Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care, 5841 S Maryland Ave, United States; email: smurgu@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu References: China CDC Weekly. Vital surveillances: the epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19)—China 2020 http://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/e53946e2-c6c4-41e9-9a9b-fea8db1a8f51, (Accessed 15 April 2020); Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (18), pp. 1708-1720; Huang, Y., Chen, S., Yang, Z., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in clinical samples of critically ill patients (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 201 (11), pp. 1435-1438; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323 (11), pp. 1061-1069; Grasselli, G., Zangrillo, A., Zanella, A., Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323 (16), pp. 1574-1581; Tay, J.K., Khoo, M.L., Loh, W.S., Surgical considerations for tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak [published online ahead of print March 31, 2020]. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg; Angel, L.K.Z., Chang, S.H., Rafeq, S., Novel percutaneous tracheostomy for critically ill patients with COVID-19 [published online ahead of print April 24, 2020]. Ann Thorac Surg; Michetti, C.P.B.C., Bulger, E.M., Davis, K.A., Spain, D.A., Performing tracheostomy during the Covid-19 pandemic: guidance and recommendations from the Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery Committees of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (2020) Trauma Surg Acute Care Open, 5 (1), p. e000482; Parker, N.P., Schiff, B.A., Fritz, M.A., Rapoport, S.K., Schild, S., Altman, K.W., Merati, A.L., Kuhn, M.A., Tracheostomy recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020 https://www.entnet.org/content/tracheotomy-recommendations-during-covid-19-pandemic, (Accessed 18 March 2020); Chen, J., Qi, T., Liu, L., Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China (2020) J Infect, 80 (5), pp. e1-e6; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395 (10223), pp. 497-506; Tran, K., Cimon, K., Severn, M., Pessoa-Silva, C.L., Conly, J., Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review (2012) PLoS One, 7 (4); Characteristics of health care personnel with COVID-19 - United States, February 12-April 9, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (15), pp. 477-481; statista. Total number of cases of coronavirus (COVID-19) in the United States as of April 21, 2020, by state https://www.statista.com/statistics/1102807/coronavirus-covid19-cases-number-us-americans-by-state/, (Accessed 21 April 2020); Rumbak, M.J., Newton, M., Truncale, T., Schwartz, S.W., Adams, J.W., Hazard, P.B., A prospective, randomized, study comparing early percutaneous dilational tracheotomy to prolonged translaryngeal intubation (delayed tracheotomy) in critically ill medical patients (2004) Crit Care Med, 32 (8), pp. 1689-1694; Zheng, Y., Sui, F., Chen, X.K., Early versus late percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in critically ill patients anticipated requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation (2012) Chin Med J, 125 (11), pp. 1925-1930; Andriolo, B.N., Andriolo, R.B., Saconato, H., Atallah, A.N., Valente, O., Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients (2015) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1 (1), p. CD007271; Villwock, J.A., Jones, K., Outcomes of early versus late tracheostomy: 2008-2010 (2014) Laryngoscope, 124 (8), pp. 1801-1806; Young, D., Harrison, D.A., Cuthbertson, B.H., Rowan, K., Effect of early vs late tracheostomy placement on survival in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: the TracMan randomized trial (2013) JAMA, 309 (20), pp. 2121-2129; Mehta, A.B., Cooke, C.R., Wiener, R.S., Walkey, A.J., Hospital variation in early tracheostomy in the United States: a population-based study (2016) Crit Care Med, 44 (8), pp. 1506-1514; Trouillet, J.L., Luyt, C.E., Guiguet, M., Early percutaneous tracheotomy versus prolonged intubation of mechanically ventilated patients after cardiac surgery: a randomized trial (2011) Ann Intern Med, 154 (6), pp. 373-383; Griffiths, J., Barber, V.S., Morgan, L., Young, J.D., Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of the timing of tracheostomy in adult patients undergoing artificial ventilation (2005) BMJ, 330 (7502), p. 1243; Terragni, P.P., Antonelli, M., Fumagalli, R., Early vs late tracheotomy for prevention of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients: a randomized controlled trial (2010) JAMA, 303 (15), pp. 1483-1489; Blot, F., Similowski, T., Trouillet, J.L., Early tracheotomy versus prolonged endotracheal intubation in unselected severely ill ICU patients (2008) Intensive Care Med, 34 (10), pp. 1779-1787; Wang, F., Wu, Y., Bo, L., The timing of tracheotomy in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2011) Chest, 140 (6), pp. 1456-1465; Gomes Silva, B.N., Andriolo, R.B., Saconato, H., Atallah, A.N., Valente, O., Early versus late tracheostomy for critically ill patients (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (3), p. CD007271; Szakmany, T., Russell, P., Wilkes, A.R., Hall, J.E., Effect of early tracheostomy on resource utilization and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2015) Br J Anaesth, 114 (3), pp. 396-405; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10229), pp. 1054-1062; Wang, Y., Lu, X., Chen, H., Clinical course and outcomes of 344 intensive care patients with COVID-19 (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 201 (11), pp. 1430-1434; Bhatraju, P.K., Ghassemieh, B.J., Nichols, M., Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region - case series (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (21), pp. 2012-2022; Arentz, M., Yim, E., Klaff, L., Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State (2020) JAMA, 323 (16), pp. 1612-1614; Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8 (5), pp. 475-481; Delaney, A., Bagshaw, S.M., Nalos, M., Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy versus surgical tracheostomy in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2006) Crit Care, 10, p. R55; Tien, H.C., Chughtai, T., Jogeklar, A., Cooper, A.B., Brenneman, F., Elective and emergency surgery in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (2005) Can J Surg, 48 (1), pp. 71-74; Chee, V.W., Khoo, M.L., Lee, S.F., Lai, Y.C., Chin, N.M., Infection control measures for operative procedures in severe acute respiratory syndrome-related patients (2004) Anesthesiology, 100 (6), pp. 1394-1398; Rajajee, V., Fletcher, J.J., Rochlen, L.R., Jacobs, T.L., Real-time ultrasound-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: a feasibility study (2011) Crit Care, 15 (1), p. R67; Saritas, A., Kurnaz, M.M., Comparison of bronchoscopy-guided and real-time ultrasound-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: safety, complications, and effectiveness in critically ill patients (2017) J Intensive Care Med, , 885066617705641; Gobatto, A.L., Besen, B.A., Tierno, P.F., Comparison between ultrasound- and bronchoscopy-guided percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in critically ill patients: a retrospective cohort study (2015) J Crit Care, 30 (1), pp. 220.e13-220.e17; Gobatto, A.L.N., Besen, B., Cestari, M., Pelosi, P., Malbouisson, L.M.S., Ultrasound-guided percutaneous dilational tracheostomy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis (2020) J Intensive Care Med, 35 (5), pp. 445-452; Simon, M., Metschke, M., Braune, S.A., Puschel, K., Kluge, S., Death after percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: a systematic review and analysis of risk factors (2013) Crit Care, 17 (5), p. R258; Harrison, L., Ramsden, J., (2020), entuk.org/tracheostomy-guidance-during-covid-19-pandemic, ENT UK Tracheostomy guidance during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020; Accessed April 20; Wei, W.I., Tuen, H.H., Ng, R.W., Lam, L.K., Safe tracheostomy for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) Laryngoscope, 113 (10), pp. 1777-1779; (2020), The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment; Meng, L., Hua, F., Bian, Z., Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): emerging and future challenges for dental and oral medicine (2020) J Dent Res, 99 (5), pp. 481-487; Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [published online ahead of print February 24, 2020]. JAMA; Wang, J., Zhou, M., Liu, F., Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China (2020) J Hosp Infect; Remuzzi, A., Remuzzi, G., COVID-19 and Italy: What next? (2020) Lancet, 395 (10231), pp. 1225-1228; Chen, W.Q., Ling, W.H., Lu, C.Y., Which preventive measures might protect health care workers from SARS? (2009) BMC Public Health, 9, p. 81; Moore, D., Gamage, B., Bryce, E., Copes, R., Yassi, A., Protecting health care workers from SARS and other respiratory pathogens: organizational and individual factors that affect adherence to infection control guidelines (2005) Am J Infect Control, 33 (2), pp. 88-96; Lie, S.A., Wong, S.W., Wong, L.T., Wong, T.G.L., Chong, S.Y., Practical considerations for performing regional anesthesia: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Can J Anaesth, 67 (7), pp. 885-892; Balakrishnan, K., Schechtman, S., Hogikyan, N.D., Teoh, A.Y.B., McGrath, B., Brenner, M.J., COVID-19 pandemic: what every otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon needs to know for safe airway management (2020) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 162 (6), pp. 804-808; Ng, K., Poon, B.H., Kiat Puar, T.H., COVID-19 and the risk to health care workers: a case report (2020) Ann Intern Med, 172 (11), pp. 766-767; Ran, L., Chen, X., Wang, Y., Wu, W., Zhang, L., Tan, X., Risk factors of healthcare workers with corona virus disease 2019: a retrospective cohort study in a designated Hospital of Wuhan in China [published online ahead of print March 17, 2020]. Clin Infect Dis.,; Givi, B., Schiff, B.A., Chinn, S.B., Safety recommendations for evaluation and surgery of the head and neck during the COVID-19 pandemic [published online ahead of print March 31, 2020]. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg; Ahmed, N., Hare, G.M., Merkley, J., Devlin, R., Baker, A., Open tracheostomy in a suspect severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patient: brief technical communication (2005) Can J Surg, 48 (1), pp. 68-71; Foster, P., Cheung, T., Craft, P., Novel approach to reduce transmission of COVID-19 during tracheostomy (2020) J Am Coll Surg, 230 (6), pp. 1102-1104; Kwan, A., Fok, W.G., Law, K.I., Lam, S.H., Tracheostomy in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2004) Br J Anaesth, 92 (2), pp. 280-282; Kowalski, L.P., Sanabria, A., Ridge, J.A., COVID-19 pandemic: effects and evidence-based recommendations for otolaryngology and head and neck surgery practice (2020) Head Neck, 42 (6), pp. 1259-1267; (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings. Accessed April 20; Pawar, T., Pokharkar, A., Gori, J., The technique and justification for minimally invasive surgery in COVID-19 pandemic: laparoscopic anterior resection for near obstructed rectal carcinoma (2020) J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A, 30 (5), pp. 485-487; Cheng, M.P., Papenburg, J., Desjardins, M., Diagnostic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2: a narrative review (2020) Ann Intern Med, 172 (11), pp. 726-734; Vargas, M., Servillo, G., Improving staff safety during tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients (2020) Head Neck, 42 (6), pp. 1278-1279; Wolfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581 (7809), pp. 465-469; Zhou, B., She, J., Wang, Y., Ma, X., The duration of viral shedding of discharged patients with severe COVID-19 [published online ahead of print April 17, 2020]. Clin Infect Dis; Liu, W.D., Chang, S.Y., Wang, J.T., Prolonged virus shedding even after seroconversion in a patient with COVID-19 (2020) J Infect, 81 (2), pp. 318-356; Booth, T.F., Kournikakis, B., Bastien, N., Detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and environmental contamination in SARS outbreak units (2005) J Infect Dis, 191 (9), pp. 1472-1477; (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/disposition-hospitalized-patients.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Discontinuation of transmission-based precautions and disposition of patients with COVID-19 in healthcare settings (interim guidance). 2020. Accessed April 20; (2020), https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/novel-coronavirus-sars-cov-2-discharge-criteria-confirmed-covid-19-cases, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) - discharge criteria for confirmed COVID-19 cases. 2020. Accessed April 20; Li, Y., Yao, L., Li, J., Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 (2020) J Med Virol, 92 (7), pp. 903-908; Ai, T., Yang, Z., Hou, H., Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases (2020) Radiology, p. 200642; Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) JAMA, 323 (18), pp. 1843-1844; Yu, F., Yan, L., Wang, N., Quantitative detection and viral load analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 71 (15), pp. 793-798; Bhatti, N., Mirski, M., Tatlipinar, A., Koch, W.M., Goldenberg, D., Reduction of complication rate in percutaneous dilation tracheostomies (2007) Laryngoscope, 117 (1), pp. 172-175; Mirski, M.A., Pandian, V., Bhatti, N., Safety, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of a multidisciplinary percutaneous tracheostomy program (2012) Crit Care Med, 40 (6), pp. 1827-1834; Norwood, M.G., Spiers, P., Bailiss, J., Sayers, R.D., Evaluation of the role of a specialist tracheostomy service. From critical care to outreach and beyond (2004) Postgrad Med J, 80 (946), pp. 478-480; Frank, U., Mader, M., Sticher, H., Dysphagic patients with tracheotomies: a multidisciplinary approach to treatment and decannulation management (2007) Dysphagia, 22 (1), pp. 20-29; Arora, A., Hettige, R., Ifeacho, S., Narula, A., Driving standards in tracheostomy care: a preliminary communication of the St Mary's ENT-led multi disciplinary team approach (2008) Clin Otolaryngol, 33 (6), pp. 596-599; Cetto, R., Arora, A., Hettige, R., Improving tracheostomy care: a prospective study of the multidisciplinary approach (2011) Clin Otolaryngol, 36 (5), pp. 482-488; Chao, T.N., Braslow, B.M., Martin, N.D., Tracheotomy in ventilated patients with COVID-19 (2020) Ann Surg, 272 (1), pp. e30-e32; Pichi, B., Mazzola, F., Bonsembiante, A., CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: a staff-safe method for airway management (2020) Oral Oncol, 105, p. 104682; Wax, R.S., Christian, M.D., Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients (2020) Can J Anaesth, 67 (5), pp. 568-576; Yarmus, L., Gilbert, C., Lechtzin, N., Imad, M., Ernst, A., Feller-Kopman, D., Safety and feasibility of interventional pulmonologists performing bedside percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement (2013) Chest, 144 (2), pp. 436-440; Folch, E., Kheir, F., Mahajan, A., Bronchoscope-guided percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement by interventional pulmonologists: a feasibility and safety study (2018) J Intensive Care Med, , 885066618800275; Nobleza, C.O.S., Pandian, V., Jasti, R., Wu, D.H., Mirski, M.A., Geocadin, R.G., Outcomes of tracheostomy with concomitant and delayed percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in the neuroscience critical care unit (2019) J Intensive Care Med, 34 (10), pp. 835-843; Belanger, A., Akulian, J., Interventional pulmonology in the intensive care unit: percutaneous tracheostomy and gastrostomy (2014) Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 35 (6), pp. 744-750; Heyd, C.P., Desiato, V.M., Nguyen, S.A., Tracheostomy protocols during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Head Neck; Engels, P.T., Weitzel, E., Witterick, I.J., (2020), https://www.entcanada.org/wp-content/uploads/COVID-19-Guidelines-CSOHNS-Task-Force-Mar-23-2020.pdf, Recommendations from the CSO-HNS Taskforce on performance of tracheotomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Accessed March 18; Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia [in Chinese] (2020) Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi, 43 (4), pp. 288-296 PY - 2020 SN - 00123692 (ISSN) SP - 1499-1514 ST - Use of Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: American College of Chest Physicians/American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology/Association of Interventional Pulmonology Program Directors Expert Panel Report T2 - Chest TI - Use of Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: American College of Chest Physicians/American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology/Association of Interventional Pulmonology Program Directors Expert Panel Report UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091369633&doi=10.1016%2fj.chest.2020.05.571&partnerID=40&md5=0e057370804c2cb344558b6fc6e27d37 VL - 158 ID - 341 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A novel coronavirus (CoV), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China and has since spread as a global pandemic. Safe and effective vaccines are thus urgently needed to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and ease the major economic impact. There has been an unprecedented rapid response by vaccine developers with now over one hundred vaccine candidates in development and at least six having reached clinical trials. However, a major challenge during rapid development is to avoid safety issues both by thoughtful vaccine design and by thorough evaluation in a timely manner. A syndrome of “disease enhancement” has been reported in the past for a few viral vaccines where those immunized suffered increased severity or death when they later encountered the virus or were found to have an increased frequency of infection. Animal models allowed scientists to determine the underlying mechanism for the former in the case of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine and have been utilized to design and screen new RSV vaccine candidates. Because some Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and SARS-CoV-1 vaccines have shown evidence of disease enhancement in some animal models, this is a particular concern for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. To address this challenge, the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and the Brighton Collaboration (BC) Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) convened a scientific working meeting on March 12 and 13, 2020 of experts in the field of vaccine immunology and coronaviruses to consider what vaccine designs could reduce safety concerns and how animal models and immunological assessments in early clinical trials can help to assess the risk. This report summarizes the evidence presented and provides considerations for safety assessment of COVID-19 vaccine candidates in accelerated vaccine development. © 2020 AD - Centre of Vaccinology, University of Geneva, Switzerland Independent Advisor, Stuart, FL, United States Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, Oslo, Norway Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Brighton Collaboration, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, United States Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Independent Advisor, Boston, MA, United States Independent Advisor, Newton, MA, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States Independent Advisor, Worcester, MA, United States Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, United Kingdom WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, London, United Kingdom AU - Lambert, P. H. AU - Ambrosino, D. M. AU - Andersen, S. R. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Black, S. B. AU - Chen, R. T. AU - Dekker, C. L. AU - Didierlaurent, A. M. AU - Graham, B. S. AU - Martin, S. D. AU - Molrine, D. C. AU - Perlman, S. AU - Picard-Fraser, P. A. AU - Pollard, A. J. AU - Qin, C. AU - Subbarao, K. AU - Cramer, J. P. C2 - 32507409 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.064 IS - 31 J2 - Vaccine KW - Animal models COVID-19 Enhanced disease MERS-CoV vaccine SARS-CoV-1 vaccine SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Vaccine adjuvants Vaccine safety immunological adjuvant neutralizing antibody severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 vaccine severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine unclassified drug virus glycoprotein virus spike protein virus vaccine antibody dependent enhancement Conference Paper consensus development Coronavirinae coronavirus disease 2019 disease model drug design drug efficacy drug safety human humoral immunity immune response immunopathology Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus murine model nonhuman primate priority journal protein expression protein function protein structure risk assessment SARS-related coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 vaccine immunogenicity virus neutralization virus replication clinical observation clinical study diagnosis LA - English M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :36 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: VACCD Correspondence Address: Dekker, C.L.; Brighton Collaboration, United States; email: cdekker@stanford.edu Funding details: Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, CEPI Funding text 1: We acknowledge the financial support provided by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) for our work under a service order entitled Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) Project with the Brighton Collaboration, a program of the Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA. We thank the following persons for their assistance: (1) the ~90 attendees of the meeting from many countries globally who provided invaluable discussion to move the field forward; (2) Angel Honrado and Imanol Urkola of WeDO, Jim Mootrey and Chantal Veira, Lisa Chung, Matt Dudley, and Gabriella Corrigan of the SPEAC/TFGH team for their logistical support; (3) other SPEAC Executive Board (Barbara Law, Wan-Ting Huang, Marc Gurwith, Miriam Sturkenboom) for their oversight and planning. Funding text 2: We acknowledge the financial support provided by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) for our work under a service order entitled Safety Platform for Emergency vACcines (SPEAC) Project with the Brighton Collaboration, a program of the Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, USA. We thank the following persons for their assistance: (1) the ~90 attendees of the meeting from many countries globally who provided invaluable discussion to move the field forward; (2) Angel Honrado and Imanol Urkola of WeDO, Jim Mootrey and Chantal Veira, Lisa Chung, Matt Dudley, and Gabriella Corrigan of the SPEAC/TFGH team for their logistical support; (3) other SPEAC Executive Board (Barbara Law, Wan-Ting Huang, Marc Gurwith, Miriam Sturkenboom) for their oversight and planning. All authors attest they meet the ICMJE criteria for authorship. References: Zhu, N., A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (8), pp. 727-733; COVID-19 Data Center. 2020, Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center; Lurie, N., Developing Covid-19 Vaccines at Pandemic Speed (2020) N Engl J Med; Kim, H.W., Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine (1969) Am J Epidemiol, 89 (4), pp. 422-434; Polack, F.P., A role for immune complexes in enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease (2002) J Exp Med, 196 (6), pp. 859-865; Connors, M., Enhanced pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 (1994) J Virol, 68 (8), pp. 5321-5325; Connors, M., Pulmonary histopathology induced by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) challenge of formalin-inactivated RSV-immunized BALB/c mice is abrogated by depletion of CD4+ T cells (1992) J Virol, 66 (12), pp. 7444-7451; Delgado, M.F., Lack of antibody affinity maturation due to poor Toll-like receptor stimulation leads to enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease (2009) Nat Med, 15 (1), pp. 34-41; Smatti, M.K., Al Thani, A.A., Yassine, H.M., Viral-Induced Enhanced Disease Illness (2018) Front Microbiol, 9, p. 2991; Roberts, A., Aged BALB/c mice as a model for increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome in elderly humans (2005) J Virol, 79 (9), pp. 5833-5838; Frieman, M., Molecular determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis and virulence in young and aged mouse models of human disease (2012) J Virol, 86 (2), pp. 884-897; Roberts, A., A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice (2007) PLoS Pathog, 3 (1); Chu, Y.K., The SARS-CoV ferret model in an infection-challenge study (2008) Virology, 374 (1), pp. 151-163; Roberts, A., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters (2005) J Virol, 79 (1), pp. 503-511; McCray, P.B., Jr, Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J Virol, 81 (2), pp. 813-821; Enjuanes, L., Vaccines to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced disease (2008) Virus Res, 133 (1), pp. 45-62; Yang, Z.Y., A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice (2004) Nature, 428 (6982), pp. 561-564; Kim, T.W., Generation and characterization of DNA vaccines targeting the nucleocapsid protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2004) J Virol, 78 (9), pp. 4638-4645; Li, K., Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice (2017) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114 (15), pp. E3119-E3128; Cockrell, A.S., A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (2016) Nat Microbiol, 2, p. 16226; Douglas, M.G., Adaptive evolution influences the infectious dose of MERS-CoV necessary to achieve severe respiratory disease (2018) Virology, 517, pp. 98-107; Zhao, J., Recovery from the Middle East respiratory syndrome is associated with antibody and T-cell responses (2017) Sci Immunol, 2 (14); McAuliffe, J., Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys (2004) Virology, 330 (1), pp. 8-15; Smits, S.L., Exacerbated innate host response to SARS-CoV in aged non-human primates (2010) PLoS Pathog, 6 (2); Johnson, R.F., 3B11-N, a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV, reduces lung pathology in rhesus monkeys following intratracheal inoculation of MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 (2016) Virology, 490, pp. 49-58; Johnson, R.F., Intratracheal exposure of common marmosets to MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 or MERS-CoV EMC/2012 isolates does not result in lethal disease (2015) Virology, 485, pp. 422-430; Jaume, M., Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike antibodies trigger infection of human immune cells via a pH- and cysteine protease-independent FcgammaR pathway (2011) J Virol, 85 (20), pp. 10582-10597; Yip, M.S., Antibody-dependent infection of human macrophages by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2014) Virol J, 11, p. 82; Bolles, M., A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge (2011) J Virol, 85 (23), pp. 12201-12215; Deming, D., Vaccine efficacy in senescent mice challenged with recombinant SARS-CoV bearing epidemic and zoonotic spike variants (2006) PLoS Med, 3 (12); Sheahan, T., Successful vaccination strategies that protect aged mice from lethal challenge from influenza virus and heterologous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2011) J Virol, 85 (1), pp. 217-230; Tseng, C.T., Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus (2012) PLoS ONE, 7 (4); Yasui, F., Prior immunization with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) nucleocapsid protein causes severe pneumonia in mice infected with SARS-CoV (2008) J Immunol, 181 (9), pp. 6337-6348; Weingartl, H., Immunization with modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based recombinant vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome is associated with enhanced hepatitis in ferrets (2004) J Virol, 78 (22), pp. 12672-12676; Roberts, A., Animal models and antibody assays for evaluating candidate SARS vaccines: summary of a technical meeting 25–26 August 2005, London, UK (2006) Vaccine, 24 (49-50), pp. 7056-7065; Agrawal, A.S., Immunization with inactivated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus vaccine leads to lung immunopathology on challenge with live virus (2016) Hum Vaccin Immunother, 12 (9), pp. 2351-2356; Hashem, A.M., A Highly Immunogenic, Protective, and Safe Adenovirus-Based Vaccine Expressing Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus S1-CD40L Fusion Protein in a Transgenic Human Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Mouse Model (2019) J Infect Dis, 220 (10), pp. 1558-1567; Liu, L., Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection (2019) JCI Insight, p. 4(4); Wang, Q., Immunodominant SARS Coronavirus Epitopes in Humans Elicited both Enhancing and Neutralizing Effects on Infection in Non-human Primates (2016) ACS Infect Dis, 2 (5), pp. 361-376; Wang, Q., Correction: Immunodominant SARS Coronavirus Epitopes in Humans Elicited Both Enhancing and Neutralizing Effects on Infection in Non-human Primates (2020) ACS Infect Dis; Qin, E., Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in monkeys of purified inactivated Vero-cell SARS vaccine (2006) Vaccine, 24 (7), pp. 1028-1034; Roberts, A., Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice and hamsters of a beta-propiolactone inactivated whole virus SARS-CoV vaccine (2010) Viral Immunol, 23 (5), pp. 509-519; Bao, L., The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice (2020) Nature; Yu, P., Age-related rhesus macaque models of COVID-19 (2020) Animal Model Exp Med, 3 (1), pp. 93-97; Rockx, B., Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model (2020) Science; Pallesen, J., Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen (2017) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114 (35), pp. E7348-E7357; Wrapp, D., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367 (6483), pp. 1260-1263; O'Hagan, D.T., Towards an evidence based approach for the development of adjuvanted vaccines (2017) Curr Opin Immunol, 47, pp. 93-102; Khurana, S., MF59 adjuvant enhances diversity and affinity of antibody-mediated immune response to pandemic influenza vaccines (2011) Sci Transl Med, 3 (85), p. p. 85ra48; Khurana, S., AS03-adjuvanted H5N1 vaccine promotes antibody diversity and affinity maturation, NAI titers, cross-clade H5N1 neutralization, but not H1N1 cross-subtype neutralization (2018) NPJ Vaccines, 3, p. 40; Boudreau, C.M., Selective induction of antibody effector functional responses using MF59-adjuvanted vaccination (2020) J Clin Invest, 130 (2), pp. 662-672; Couch, R.B., Superior antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell response with AS03-adjuvantation of a trivalent influenza vaccine in a randomised trial of adults aged 65 and older (2014) BMC Infect Dis, 14, p. 425; Del Giudice, G., Rappuoli, R., Didierlaurent, A.M., Correlates of adjuvanticity: A review on adjuvants in licensed vaccines (2018) Semin Immunol, 39, pp. 14-21; Galson, J.D., Investigating the effect of AS03 adjuvant on the plasma cell repertoire following pH1N1 influenza vaccination (2016) Sci Rep, 6, p. 37229; Moris, P., H5N1 influenza vaccine formulated with AS03 A induces strong cross-reactive and polyfunctional CD4 T-cell responses (2011) J Clin Immunol, 31 (3), pp. 443-454; Sun, P., Protective immunity induced with malaria vaccine, RTS, S, is linked to Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-gamma (2003) J Immunol, 171 (12), pp. 6961-6967; Leroux-Roels, G., Impact of adjuvants on CD4(+) T cell and B cell responses to a protein antigen vaccine: Results from a phase II, randomized, multicenter trial (2016) Clin Immunol, 169, pp. 16-27; Burny, W., Different Adjuvants Induce Common Innate Pathways That Are Associated with Enhanced Adaptive Responses against a Model Antigen in Humans (2017) Front Immunol, 8, p. 943; Harandi, A.M., Systems analysis of human vaccine adjuvants (2018) Semin Immunol, 39, pp. 30-34; Francica, J.R., Innate transcriptional effects by adjuvants on the magnitude, quality, and durability of HIV envelope responses in NHPs (2017) Blood Adv, 1 (25), pp. 2329-2342 PY - 2020 SN - 0264410X (ISSN) SP - 4783-4791 ST - Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12–13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines T2 - Vaccine TI - Consensus summary report for CEPI/BC March 12–13, 2020 meeting: Assessment of risk of disease enhancement with COVID-19 vaccines UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085741443&doi=10.1016%2fj.vaccine.2020.05.064&partnerID=40&md5=53e4bd7154220b4a95b1a647cc5b929f VL - 38 ID - 476 ER - TY - SER AB - Since 2012, monthly cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continue to cause severe respiratory disease that is fatal in ~35% of diagnosed individuals. The ongoing threat to global public health and the need for novel therapeutic countermeasures have driven the development of animal models that can reproducibly replicate the pathology associated with MERS-CoV in human infections. The inability of MERS-CoV to replicate in the respiratory tracts of mice, hamsters, and ferrets stymied initial attempts to generate small animal models. Identification of human dipeptidyl peptidase IV (hDPP4) as the receptor for MERS-CoV infection opened the door for genetic engineering of mice. Precise molecular engineering of mouse DPP4 (mDPP4) with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology maintained inherent expression profiles, and limited MERS-CoV susceptibility to tissues that naturally express mDPP4, notably the lower respiratory tract wherein MERS-CoV elicits severe pulmonary pathology. Here, we describe the generation of the 288–330+/+ MERS-CoV mouse model in which mice were made susceptible to MERS-CoV by modifying two amino acids on mDPP4 (A288 and T330), and the use of adaptive evolution to generate novel MERS-CoV isolates that cause fatal respiratory disease. The 288–330+/+ mice are currently being used to evaluate novel drug, antibody, and vaccine therapeutic countermeasures for MERS-CoV. The chapter starts with a historical perspective on the emergence of MERS-CoV and animal models evaluated for MERS-CoV pathogenesis, and then outlines the development of the 288–330+/+ mouse model, assays for assessing a MERS-CoV pulmonary infection in a mouse model, and describes some of the challenges associated with using genetically engineered mice. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Durham, NC, United States AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Cockrell, A. S. C2 - 31883094 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_12 J2 - Methods Mol. Biol. KW - Cas9 Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Mouse Pathogenesis dipeptidyl peptidase IV DPP4 protein, human Dpp4 protein, mouse adult respiratory distress syndrome animal C57BL mouse Coronavirus infection CRISPR Cas system disease model disease predisposition female genetic engineering genetics human lung male metabolism pathology physiology virology Animals Coronavirus Infections CRISPR-Cas Systems Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Disease Models, Animal Disease Susceptibility Humans Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult LA - English M3 - Book Chapter N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Cockrell, A.S.United States; email: adam.alphavirus@gmail.com Chemicals/CAS: dipeptidyl peptidase IV, 54249-88-6; Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; DPP4 protein, human; Dpp4 protein, mouse References: Mehand, M.S., Al-Shorbaji, F., Millett, P., Murgue, B., The WHO R&D Blueprint: 2018 review of emerging infectious diseases requiring urgent research and development efforts (2018) Antivir Res, 159, pp. 63-67; Bernard-Stoecklin, S., Nikolay, B., Assiri, A., Bin Saeed, A.A., Ben Embarek, P.K., El Bushra, H., Ki, M., van Kerkhove, M.D., Comparative analysis of eleven healthcare-associated outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Mers-Cov) from 2015 to 2017 (2019) Sci Rep, 9, p. 7385; Joo, H., Maskery, B.A., Berro, A.D., Rotz, L.D., Lee, Y.K., Brown, C.M., Economic impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on the Republic of Korea’s tourism-related industries (2019) Health Secur, 17, pp. 100-108; Lee, S.I., Costly lessons from the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in Korea (2015) J Prev Med Public Health, 48, pp. 274-276; Hui, D.S., Azhar, E.I., Kim, Y.-J., Memish, Z.A., M-D, O., Zumla, A., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Risk factors and determinants of primary, household, and noso-comial transmission (2018) Lancet Infect Dis, 18, pp. e217-e227; Alfaraj, S.H., Al-Tawfiq, J.A., Altuwaijri, T.A., Alanazi, M., Alzahrani, N., Memish, Z.A., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission among health care workers: Implication for infection control (2018) Am J Infect Control, 46, pp. 165-168; Park, J.E., Jung, S., Kim, A., Park, J.E., MERS transmission and risk factors: A systematic review (2018) BMC Public Health, 18; Alshukairi, A.N., Zheng, J., Zhao, J., Nehdi, A., Baharoon, S.A., Layqah, L., Bokhari, A., Alagaili, A.N., High prevalence of MERS-CoV infection in camel workers in Saudi Arabia (2018) Mbio, 9; Conzade, R., Grant, R., Malik, M.R., Elkholy, A., Elhakim, M., Samhouri, D., Ben Embarek, P.K., van Kerkhove, M.D., Reported direct and indirect contact with dromedary camels among laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV cases (2018) Viruses, 10, p. E425; Hemida, M.G., Elmoslemany, A., Al-Hizab, F., Alnaeem, A., Almathen, F., Faye, B., Chu, D.K., Peiris, M., Dromedary camels and the transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2017) Trans-Bound Emerg Dis, 64, pp. 344-353; Peiris, J.S., Guan, Y., Yuen, K.Y., Severe acute respiratory syndrome (2004) Nat Med, 10, pp. S88-S97; Cockrell, A.S., Leist, S.R., Douglas, M.G., Baric, R.S., Modeling pathogenesis of emergent and pre-emergent human coronaviruses in mice (2018) Mamm Genome, 29, pp. 367-383; Cui, J., Li, F., Shi, Z.L., Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses (2019) Nat Rev Microbiol, 17, pp. 181-192; Menachery, V.D., Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., Jumping species-a mechanism for coronavirus persistence and survival (2017) Curr Opin Virol, 23, pp. 1-7; Alsaad, K.O., Hajeer, A.H., Al Balwi, M., Al Moaiqel, M., Al Oudah, N., Al Ajlan, A., Aljohani, S., Arabi, Y.M., Histopathology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronovirus (MERS-CoV) infection—clinicopathological and ultrastructural study (2018) Histopathology, 72, pp. 516-524. , https://doi.org/10.1111/his.13379; Ng, D.L., Al Hosani, F., Keating, M.K., Gerber, S.I., Jones, T.L., Metcalfe, M.G., Tong, S., Zaki, S.R., Clinicopathologic, immunohistochem-ical, and ultrastructural findings of a fatal case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in the United Arab Emirates, April 2014 (2016) Am J Pathol, 186, pp. 652-658; Arabi, Y.M., Balkhy, H.H., Hayden, F.G., Bouchama, A., Luke, T., Baillie, J.K., Al-Omari, A., Fowler, R.A., Middle East respiratory syndrome (2017) N Engl J Med, 376, pp. 584-594; Oh, M.D., Park, W.B., Choe, P.G., Choi, S.J., Kim, J.I., Chae, J., Park, S.S., Kim, N.J., Viral load kinetics of MERS coronavirus infection (2016) N Engl J Med, 375, pp. 1303-1305; de Wit, E., Prescott, J., Baseler, L., Bushmaker, T., Thomas, T., Lackemeyer, M.G., Martellaro, C., Munster, V.J., The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) does not replicate in Syrian hamsters (2013) Plos One, 8; Raj, V.S., Smits, S.L., Provacia, L.B., van den Brand, J.M., Wiersma, L., Ouwendijk, W.J., Bestebroer, T.M., Haagmans, B.L., Adenosine deaminase acts as a natural antagonist for dipeptidyl peptidase 4-mediated entry of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2014) J Virol, 88, pp. 1834-1838; Haagmans, B.L., van den Brand, J.M., Provacia, L.B., Raj, V.S., Stittelaar, K.J., Getu, S., de Waal, L., Osterhaus, A.D., Asymptomatic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in rabbits (2015) J Virol, 89, pp. 6131-6135; Houser, K.V., Broadbent, A.J., Gretebeck, L., Vogel, L., Lamirande, E.W., Sutton, T., Bock, K.W., Subbarao, K., Enhanced inflammation in New Zealand white rabbits when MERS-CoV reinfection occurs in the absence of neutralizing antibody (2017) Plos Pathog, 13; Houser, K.V., Gretebeck, L., Ying, T., Wang, Y., Vogel, L., Lamirande, E.W., Bock, K.W., Subbarao, K., Prophylaxis with a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-specific human monoclonal antibody protects rabbits from MERS-CoV infection (2016) J Infect Dis, 213, pp. 1557-1561; Widagdo, W., Okba, N.M.A., Richard, M., de Meulder, D., Bestebroer, T.M., Lexmond, P., Farag, E., Herfst, S., Lack of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission in rabbits (2019) Viruses, 11, p. E381; Adney, D.R., Letko, M., Ragan, I.K., Scott, D., van Doremalen, N., Bowen, R.A., Munster, V.J., Bactrian camels shed large quantities of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) after experimental infection (2019) Emerg Microbes Infect, 8, pp. 717-723; Adney, D.R., van Doremalen, N., Brown, V.R., Bushmaker, T., Scott, D., de Wit, E., Bowen, R.A., Munster, V.J., Replication and shedding of MERS-CoV in upper respiratory tract of inoculated dromedary camels (2014) Emerg Infect Dis, 20, pp. 1999-2005; Haagmans, B.L., van den Brand, J.M., Raj, V.S., Volz, A., Wohlsein, P., Smits, S.L., Schipper, D., Osterhaus, A.D., An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels (2016) Science, 351, pp. 77-81; Munster, V.J., de Wit, E., Feldmann, H., Pneumonia from human coronavirus in a macaque model (2013) N Engl J Med, 368, pp. 1560-1562; Chan, J.F., Yao, Y., Yeung, M.L., Deng, W., Bao, L., Jia, L., Li, F., Yuen, K.Y., Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-beta1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset (2015) J Infect Dis, 212, pp. 1904-1913; Falzarano, D., de Wit, E., Feldmann, F., Rasmussen, A.L., Okumura, A., Peng, X., Thomas, M.J., Munster, V.J., Infection with MERS-CoV causes lethal pneumonia in the common marmoset (2014) Plos Pathog, 10; Cockrell, A.S., Johnson, J.C., Moore, I.N., Liu, D.X., Bock, K.W., Douglas, M.G., Graham, R.L., Johnson, R.F., A spike-modified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infectious clone elicits mild respiratory disease in infected rhesus macaques (2018) Sci Rep, 8; Johnson, R.F., Bagci, U., Keith, L., Tang, X., Mol-Lura, D.J., Zeitlin, L., Qin, J., Marasco, W.A., 3B11-N, a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV, reduces lung pathology in rhesus monkeys following intratracheal inoculation of MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 (2016) Virology, 490, pp. 49-58; Johnson, R.F., Via, L.E., Kumar, M.R., Cornish, J.P., Yellayi, S., Huzella, L., Postnikova, E., Jahrling, P.B., Intratracheal exposure of common marmosets to MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 or MERS-CoV EMC/2012 isolates does not result in lethal disease (2015) Virology, 485, pp. 422-430; de Wit, E., Rasmussen, A.L., Falzarano, D., Bushmaker, T., Feldmann, F., Brining, D.L., Fischer, E.R., Munster, V.J., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes transient lower respiratory tract infection in rhesus macaques (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, pp. 16598-16603; Yao, Y., Bao, L., Deng, W., Xu, L., Li, F., Lv, Q., Yu, P., Qin, C., An animal model of MERS produced by infection of rhesus macaques with MERS coronavirus (2014) J Infect Dis, 209, pp. 236-242; Coleman, C.M., Matthews, K.L., Goicochea, L., Frieman, M.B., Wild-type and innate immune-deficient mice are not susceptible to the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2014) J Gen Virol, 95, pp. 408-412; Zhao, J., Li, K., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Agnihothram, S.S., Fett, C., Zhao, J., Gale, M.J., Perlman, S., Rapid generation of a mouse model for Middle East respiratory syndrome (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111, pp. 4970-4975; Agrawal, A.S., Garron, T., Tao, X., Peng, B.H., Wakamiya, M., Chan, T.S., Couch, R.B., Tseng, C.T., Generation of a transgenic mouse model of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and disease (2015) J Virol, 89, pp. 3659-3670; Li, K., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Perlman, S., Zhao, J., Jewell, A.K., Reznikov, L.R., Gibson-Corley, K.N., McCray, P.B., Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (2016) J Infect Dis, 213, pp. 712-722; Zhao, G., Jiang, Y., Qiu, H., Gao, T., Zeng, Y., Guo, Y., Yu, H., Zhou, Y., Multi-organ damage in human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 transgenic mice infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (2015) Plos One, 10; Pascal, K.E., Coleman, C.M., Mujica, A.O., Kamat, V., Badithe, A., Fairhurst, J., Hunt, C., Kyratsous, C.A., Pre-and postexposure efficacy of fully human antibodies against Spike protein in a novel humanized mouse model of MERS-CoV infection (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 112, pp. 8738-8743; Cockrell, A.S., Yount, B.L., Scobey, T., Jensen, K., Douglas, M., Beall, A., Tang, X.C., Baric, R.S., A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (2016) Nat Microbiol, 2, p. 16226; Li, K., Wohlford-Lenane, C.L., Channappanavar, R., Park, J.E., Earnest, J.T., Bair, T.B., Bates, A.M., McCray, P.B., Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice (2017) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114, pp. E3119-E3128; Douglas, M.G., Kocher, J.F., Scobey, T., Baric, R.S., Cockrell, A.S., Adaptive evolution influences the infectious dose of MERS-CoV necessary to achieve severe respiratory disease (2018) Virology, 517, pp. 98-107; Algaissi, A., Agrawal, A.S., Han, S., Peng, B.H., Luo, C., Li, F., Chan, T.S., Tseng, C.K., Elevated human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 expression reduces the susceptibility of hDPP4 transgenic mice to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection and disease (2019) J Infect Dis, 219, pp. 829-835; Coleman, C.M., Sisk, J.M., Halasz, G., Zhong, J., Beck, S.E., Matthews, K.L., Venkataraman, T., Frieman, M.B., CD8+ T cells and macrophages regulate pathogenesis in a mouse model of Middle East respiratory syndrome (2017) J Virol, 91, p. e01825; Fan, C., Wu, X., Liu, Q., Li, Q., Liu, S., Lu, J., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., A human DPP4-Knockin Mouse’s susceptibility to infection by authentic and pseudotyped MERS-CoV (2018) Viruses, 10, p. E448; Iwata-Yoshikawa, N., Okamura, T., Shimizu, Y., Kotani, O., Sato, H., Sekimukai, H., Fukushi, S., Nagata, N., Acute respiratory infection in human dipeptidyl peptidase 4-transgenic mice infected with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2019) J Virol, 93, p. e01818; Raj, V.S., Mou, H., Smits, S.L., Dekkers, D.H., Muller, M.A., Dijkman, R., Muth, D., Haagmans, B.L., Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC (2013) Nature, 495, pp. 251-254; Wang, N., Shi, X., Jiang, L., Zhang, S., Wang, D., Tong, P., Guo, D., Wang, X., Structure of MERS-CoV spike receptor-binding domain complexed with human receptor DPP4 (2013) Cell Res, 23, pp. 986-993; Peck, K.M., Burch, C.L., Heise, M.T., Baric, R.S., Coronavirus host range expansion and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus emergence: Biochemical mechanisms and evolutionary perspectives (2015) Annu Rev Virol, 2, pp. 95-117; Barlan, A., Zhao, J., Sarkar, M.K., Li, K., McCray, P.B., Perlman, S., Gallagher, T., Receptor variation and susceptibility to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2014) J Virol, 88, pp. 4953-4961; Cockrell, A.S., Peck, K.M., Yount, B.L., Agnihothram, S.S., Scobey, T., Curnes, N.R., Baric, R.S., Heise, M.T., Mouse dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is not a functional receptor for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2014) J Virol, 88, pp. 5195-5199; Peck, K.M., Cockrell, A.S., Yount, B.L., Scobey, T., Baric, R.S., Heise, M.T., Glycosylation of mouse DPP4 plays a role in inhibiting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2015) J Virol, 89, pp. 4696-4699; Peck, K.M., Scobey, T., Swanstrom, J., Jensen, K.L., Burch, C.L., Baric, R.S., Heise, M.T., Permis-sivity of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 orthologs to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus is governed by glycosylation and other complex determinants (2017) J Virol, 91; van Doremalen, N., Miazgowicz, K.L., Milne-Price, S., Bushmaker, T., Robertson, S., Scott, D., Kinne, J., Munster, V.J., Host species restriction of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus through its receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (2014) J Virol, 88, pp. 9220-9232; Klemann, C., Wagner, L., Stephan, M., von Hor-Sten, S., Cut to the chase: A review of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase-4’s (DPP4) entanglement in the immune system (2016) Clin Exp Immunol, 185, pp. 1-21; Kameoka, J., Tanaka, T., Nojima, Y., Schlossman, S.F., Morimoto, C., Direct association of adenosine deaminase with a T cell activation antigen, CD26 (1993) Science, 261, pp. 466-469; Ohnuma, K., Dang, N.H., Morimoto, C., Revisiting an old acquaintance: CD26 and its molecular mechanisms in T cell function (2008) Trends Immunol, 29, pp. 295-301; Weihofen, W.A., Liu, J., Reutter, W., Saenger, W., Fan, H., Crystal structure of CD26/ dipeptidyl-peptidase IV in complex with adenosine deaminase reveals a highly amphiphilic interface (2004) J Biol Chem, 279, pp. 43330-43335; Cong, L., Ran, F.A., Cox, D., Lin, S., Barretto, R., Habib, N., Hsu, P.D., Zhang, F., Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems (2013) Science, 339, pp. 819-823; Mali, P., Yang, L., Esvelt, K.M., Aach, J., Guell, M., Dicarlo, J.E., Norville, J.E., Church, G.M., RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9 (2013) Science, 339, pp. 823-826; Yang, H., Wang, H., Shivalila, C.S., Cheng, A.W., Shi, L., Jaenisch, R., One-step generation of mice carrying reporter and conditional alleles by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering (2013) Cell, 154, pp. 1370-1379; Chefer, S., Seidel, J., Cockrell, A.S., Yount, B., Solomon, J., Hagen, K.R., Liu, D.X., Johnson, R.F., The human sodium iodide symporter as a reporter gene for studying Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis (2018) Msphere, 3; Leist, S.R., Baric, R.S., Giving the genes a shuffle: Using natural variation to understand host genetic contributions to viral infections (2018) Trends Genet, 34, pp. 777-789; Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Mitchell, H.D., Dinnon, K.H., 3Rd, Leist, S.R., Yount, B.L., Jr., Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein 16 is necessary for interferon resistance and viral pathogenesis (2017) Msphere, 2; Menachery, V.D., Mitchell, H.D., Cockrell, A.S., Gralinski, L.E., Yount, B.L., Jr., Graham, R.L., McAnarney, E.T., Baric, R.S., MERS-CoV accessory ORFs play key role for infection and pathogenesis (2017) Mbio, 8; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Case, J.B., Leist, S.R., Baric, R.S., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci Transl Med, 9, p. eaal3653; Huijbers, I.J., Generating genetically modified mice: A decision guide (2017) Methods Mol Biol, 1642, pp. 1-19; Scott, G.J., Gruzdev, A., Genome editing in mouse embryos with CRISPR/Cas9 (2019) Methods Mol Biol, 1960, pp. 23-40; Scobey, T., Yount, B.L., Sims, A.C., Donaldson, E.F., Agnihothram, S.S., Menachery, V.D., Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Cockrell, A.S., Beall, A., Yount, B., Baric, R., Efficient reverse genetic systems for rapid genetic manipulation of emergent and pre-emergent infectious coronaviruses (2017) Methods Mol Biol, 1602, pp. 59-81; Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Baric, R.S., Ferris, M.T., New metrics for evaluating viral respiratory pathogenesis (2015) Plos One, 10 PB - Humana Press Inc. PY - 2020 SN - 10643745 (ISSN) SP - 137-159 ST - Genetically engineering a susceptible mouse model for MERS-CoV-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome T2 - Methods in Molecular Biology TI - Genetically engineering a susceptible mouse model for MERS-CoV-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077343901&doi=10.1007%2f978-1-0716-0211-9_12&partnerID=40&md5=3ee664d7d31938d674eb5fc20601c4ea VL - 2099 ID - 578 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused extreme human suffering and economic harm. We generated and characterized a new mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 virus that captures multiple aspects of severe COVID-19 disease in standard laboratory mice. This SARS-CoV-2 model exhibits the spectrum of morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 disease as well as aspects of host genetics, age, cellular tropisms, elevated Th1 cytokines, and loss of surfactant expression and pulmonary function linked to pathological features of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This model can rapidly access existing mouse resources to elucidate the role of host genetics, underlying molecular mechanisms governing SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, and the protective or pathogenic immune responses related to disease severity. The model promises to provide a robust platform for studies of ALI and ARDS to evaluate vaccine and antiviral drug performance, including in the most vulnerable populations (i.e., the aged) using standard laboratory mice. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Leist et al. present a mouse model for COVID-19 by serially passaging human SARS-CoV-2 in vivo to create an evolution-selected lethal mouse-adapted virus variant, called MA10. MA10 shows a dose- and age-related increase in pathogenesis in standard laboratory mice and recapitulates key features of COVID-19 in humans. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Tse, L. V. AU - Okuda, K. AU - Hou, Y. J. AU - West, A. AU - Edwards, C. E. AU - Sanders, W. AU - Fritch, E. J. AU - Gully, K. L. AU - Scobey, T. AU - Brown, A. J. AU - Sheahan, T. P. AU - Moorman, N. J. AU - Boucher, R. C. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Montgomery, S. A. AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 33031744 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.050 IS - 4 J2 - Cell KW - acute lung injury acute respiratory distress syndrome animal models COVID-19 interferon mouse-adaptation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines cytokine lung surfactant chemokine adult adult respiratory distress syndrome age airway epithelium cell animal cell animal experiment animal model animal tissue Article Bagg albino mouse bronchial cell line C57BL 6 mouse controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity experimental mouse female human human cell immune response lung function male morbidity mortality mouse nonhuman priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Th1 cell viral genetics viral tropism virus pathogenesis virus virulence young adult animal Betacoronavirus blood C57BL mouse cell line Coronavirus infection disease model isolation and purification lung pandemic pathogenicity pathology physiology severity of illness index survival rate virology virus pneumonia Animals Chemokines Coronavirus Infections Cytokines Disease Models, Animal Humans Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice, Inbred C57BL Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :26 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CELLB Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: rbaric@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: lung surfactant, 99732-49-7; Chemokines; Cytokines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS, 1U19 AI142759, 5R01AI132178, AI100625, AI108197, HHSN272201700036I 75N93020F00001, U54CA260543 Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI, 5P30CA016086-41 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC Funding details: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC-CH Funding text 1: This project was supported by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly. Animal histopathology service was performed by Dawud Hilliard, Lily Wai, Ling Wang, and Mia Evangelista in the Animal Histopathology and Laboratory Medicine Core at the University of North Carolina, which is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant ( 5P30CA016086-41 ) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. This project was funded in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services award 1U19 AI142759 (Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development Center awarded to R.S.B), 5R01AI132178 (partnership grant awarded to T.P.S. and R.S.B), AI100625, and AI108197 to R.S.B. as well as an animal models contract from the NIH ( HHSN272201700036I 75N93020F00001 ) and U54CA260543 sponsored by NCI . Funding text 2: This project was supported by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly. Animal histopathology service was performed by Dawud Hilliard, Lily Wai, Ling Wang, and Mia Evangelista in the Animal Histopathology and Laboratory Medicine Core at the University of North Carolina, which is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant (5P30CA016086-41) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. This project was funded in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services award 1U19 AI142759 (Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development Center awarded to R.S.B), 5R01AI132178 (partnership grant awarded to T.P.S. and R.S.B), AI100625, and AI108197 to R.S.B. as well as an animal models contract from the NIH (HHSN272201700036I 75N93020F00001) and U54CA260543 sponsored by NCI. S.R.L. and K.H.D. designed and conducted in vitro and animal experiments, analyzed data, generated figures, and wrote the manuscript. A.S. conducted in vitro and animal experiments and edited the manuscript. L.V.T. conducted in vitro experiments and neutralization assays and analyzed data. C.E.E. generated VRP vaccine and conducted in vitro experiments. K.O. conducted in vitro experiments and imaged and analyzed data. Y.J.H. and E.J.F. conducted in vitro experiments. W.S. performed and analyzed sequencing. S.A.M. imaged and analyzed histology. A.W. K.L.G. and A.J.B. assisted with animal experiments. T.S. assisted with in vitro experiments. T.P.S. wrote manuscript. L.E.G. conducted animal experiments and edited manuscript. N.J.M. analyzed data. R.C.B. analyzed data and edited the manuscript. R.S.B. supervised the project, assisted in experimental design, and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript. The authors declare no competing interests. References: Ackermann, M., Verleden, S.E., Kuehnel, M., Haverich, A., Welte, T., Laenger, F., Vanstapel, A., Tzankov, A., Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 120-128; Agnihothram, S., Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Lindesmith, L.C., Scobey, T., Whitmore, A., Schäfer, A., Baric, R.S., Development of a Broadly Accessible Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Replicon Particle Vaccine Platform (2018) J. Virol., 92, p. e00027-18; Bao, L., Deng, W., Huang, B., Gao, H., Liu, J., Ren, L., Wei, Q., Qi, F., The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 830-833; Bolles, M., Deming, D., Long, K., Agnihothram, S., Whitmore, A., Ferris, M., Funkhouser, W., Baric, R.S., A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge (2011) J. Virol., 85, pp. 12201-12215; Bradley, B.T., Maioli, H., Johnston, R., Chaudhry, I., Fink, S.L., Xu, H., Najafian, B., Williams, T., Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 320-332; Bryant, C.D., The blessings and curses of C57BL/6 substrains in mouse genetic studies (2011) Ann. N Y Acad. Sci., 1245, pp. 31-33; Butler, N., Pewe, L., Trandem, K., Perlman, S., Murine encephalitis caused by HCoV-OC43, a human coronavirus with broad species specificity, is partly immune-mediated (2006) Virology, 347, pp. 410-421; Chamanza, R., Wright, J.A., A Review of the Comparative Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and Pathology of the Nasal Cavity of Rats, Mice, Dogs and Non-human Primates. Relevance to Inhalation Toxicology and Human Health Risk Assessment (2015) J. Comp. Pathol., 153, pp. 287-314; Channappanavar, R., Fehr, A.R., Vijay, R., Mack, M., Zhao, J., Meyerholz, D.K., Perlman, S., Dysregulated Type I Interferon and Inflammatory Monocyte-Macrophage Responses Cause Lethal Pneumonia in SARS-CoV-Infected Mice (2016) Cell Host Microbe, 19, pp. 181-193; Cheung, E.W., Zachariah, P., Gorelik, M., Boneparth, A., Kernie, S.G., Orange, J.S., Milner, J.D., Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to COVID-19 in Previously Healthy Children and Adolescents in New York City (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 294-296; Clark, J.C., Weaver, T.E., Iwamoto, H.S., Ikegami, M., Jobe, A.H., Hull, W.M., Whitsett, J.A., Decreased lung compliance and air trapping in heterozygous SP-B-deficient mice (1997) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 16, pp. 46-52; Corbett, K.S., Edwards, D.K., Leist, S.R., Abiona, O.M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R.A., Himansu, S., DiPiazza, A.T., SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness (2020) Nature; Costela-Ruiz, V.J., Illescas-Montes, R., Puerta-Puerta, J.M., Ruiz, C., Melguizo-Rodríguez, L., SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease (2020) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev., 54, pp. 62-75; Dinnon, K.H., 3rd, Leist, S.R., Schäfer, A., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Montgomery, S.A., West, A., Adams, L.E., A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature; Dong, E., Du, H., Gardner, L., An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis., 20, pp. 533-534; Fehr, A.R., Perlman, S., Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis (2015) Methods Mol. Biol., 1282, pp. 1-23; Felgenhauer, U., Schoen, A., Gad, H.H., Hartmann, R., Schaubmar, A.R., Failing, K., Drosten, C., Weber, F., Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by type I and type III interferons (2020) J. Biol. Chem., , Published online June 25, 2020; Frieman, M., Yount, B., Heise, M., Kopecky-Bromberg, S.A., Palese, P., Baric, R.S., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ORF6 antagonizes STAT1 function by sequestering nuclear import factors on the rough endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi membrane (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 9812-9824; Frieman, M., Yount, B., Agnihothram, S., Page, C., Donaldson, E., Roberts, A., Vogel, L., Baric, R.S., Molecular determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis and virulence in young and aged mouse models of human disease (2012) J. Virol., 86, pp. 884-897; Fulcher, M.L., Gabriel, S., Burns, K.A., Yankaskas, J.R., Randell, S.H., Well-differentiated human airway epithelial cell cultures (2005) Methods Mol. Med., 107, pp. 183-206; Graham, J.B., Thomas, S., Swarts, J., McMillan, A.A., Ferris, M.T., Suthar, M.S., Treuting, P.M., Lund, J.M., Genetic diversity in the collaborative cross model recapitulates human West Nile virus disease outcomes (2015) MBio, 6. , e00493-15; Gralinski, L.E., Bankhead, A., 3rd, Jeng, S., Menachery, V.D., Proll, S., Belisle, S.E., Matzke, M., Shukla, A.K., Mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced acute lung injury (2013) MBio, 4. , e00271-13; Gralinski, L.E., Ferris, M.T., Aylor, D.L., Whitmore, A.C., Green, R., Frieman, M.B., Deming, D., Buus, R.J., Genome Wide Identification of SARS-CoV Susceptibility Loci Using the Collaborative Cross (2015) PLoS Genet., 11, p. e1005504; Gralinski, L.E., Sheahan, T.P., Morrison, T.E., Menachery, V.D., Jensen, K., Leist, S.R., Whitmore, A., Baric, R.S., Complement Activation Contributes to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Pathogenesis (2018) MBio, 9, p. e01753-18; Gu, H., Chen, Q., Yang, G., He, L., Fan, H., Deng, Y.Q., Wang, Y., Cui, Y., Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice for testing vaccine efficacy (2020) Science, , Published online July 30, 2020; Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.H., Ou, C.Q., He, J.X., Liu, L., Hui, D.S.C., Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1708-1720; Gupta, K., Mohanty, S.K., Mittal, A., Kalra, S., Kumar, S., Mishra, T., Ahuja, J., Ahuja, G., The Cellular basis of the loss of smell in 2019-nCoV-infected individuals (2020) Brief Bioinform., , Published online August 18, 2020; Hassan, A.O., Case, J.B., Winkler, E.S., Thackray, L.B., Kafai, N.M., Bailey, A.L., McCune, B.T., Alsoussi, W.B., A SARS-CoV-2 Infection Model in Mice Demonstrates Protection by Neutralizing Antibodies (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 744-753; Hou, Y.J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Asakura, T., Dinnon, K.H., 3rd, Kato T, Mascenik, T.M., SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446; Israelow, B., Song, E., Mao, T., Lu, P., Meir, A., Liu, F., Alfajaro, M.M., Homer, R.J., Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling (2020) J. Exp. Med., 217. , e20201241; Jacomy, H., Fragoso, G., Almazan, G., Mushynski, W.E., Talbot, P.J., Human coronavirus OC43 infection induces chronic encephalitis leading to disabilities in BALB/C mice (2006) Virology, 349, pp. 335-346; Jiang, R.D., Liu, M.Q., Chen, Y., Shan, C., Zhou, Y.W., Shen, X.R., Li, Q., Si, H.R., Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 50-58; Koumbourlis, A.C., Motoyama, E.K., Lung Mechanics in COVID-19 Resemble Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Not Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Could Surfactant Be a Treatment? (2020) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 202, pp. 624-626; Lechien, J.R., Chiesa-Estomba, C.M., De Siati, D.R., Horoi, M., Le Bon, S.D., Rodriguez, A., Dequanter, D., Distinguin, L., Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study (2020) Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol., 277, pp. 2251-2261; Letko, M., Marzi, A., Munster, V., Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses (2020) Nat. Microbiol., 5, pp. 562-569; Li, X., Ma, X., Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: is it “typical” ARDS? (2020) Crit. Care, 24, p. 198; Manet, C., Simon-Lorière, E., Jouvion, G., Hardy, D., Prot, M., Conquet, L., Flamand, M., Montagutelli, X., Genetic Diversity of Collaborative Cross Mice Controls Viral Replication, Clinical Severity, and Brain Pathology Induced by Zika Virus Infection, Independently of Oas1b (2020) J. Virol., 94. , e01034-19; Mao, R., Qiu, Y., He, J.S., Tan, J.Y., Li, X.H., Liang, J., Shen, J., Iacucci, M., Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 5, pp. 667-678; Matute-Bello, G., Downey, G., Moore, B.B., Groshong, S.D., Matthay, M.A., Slutsky, A.S., Kuebler, W.M., An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: features and measurements of experimental acute lung injury in animals (2011) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 44, pp. 725-738; McCray, P.B., Jr., Pewe, L., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Hickey, M., Manzel, L., Shi, L., Netland, J., Sigmund, C.D., Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 813-821; Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Baric, R.S., Ferris, M.T., New Metrics for Evaluating Viral Respiratory Pathogenesis (2015) PLoS ONE, 10, p. e0131451; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Sims, A.C., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S.S., Gralinski, L.E., Graham, R.L., Royal, S.R., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, pp. 3048-3053; Mesev, E.V., LeDesma, R.A., Ploss, A., Decoding type I and III interferon signalling during viral infection (2019) Nat. Microbiol., 4, pp. 914-924; Noll, K.E., Whitmore, A.C., West, A., McCarthy, M.K., Morrison, C.R., Plante, K.S., Hampton, B.K., Leist, S.R., Complex Genetic Architecture Underlies Regulation of Influenza-A-Virus-Specific Antibody Responses in the Collaborative Cross (2020) Cell Rep., 31, p. 107587; Okuda, K., Chen, G., Subramani, D.B., Wolf, M., Gilmore, R.C., Kato, T., Radicioni, G., Dang, H., Localization of secretory mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B in normal/healthy human airways (2019) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 199, pp. 715-727; Quiding-Järbrink, M., Granström, G., Nordström, I., Holmgren, J., Czerkinsky, C., Induction of compartmentalized B-cell responses in human tonsils (1995) Infect. Immun., 63, pp. 853-857; Rasmussen, A.L., Okumura, A., Ferris, M.T., Green, R., Feldmann, F., Kelly, S.M., Scott, D.P., LaCasse, R., Host genetic diversity enables Ebola hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis and resistance (2014) Science, 346, pp. 987-991; Roberts, A., Deming, D., Paddock, C.D., Cheng, A., Yount, B., Vogel, L., Herman, B.D., Genrich, G.L., A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice (2007) PLoS Pathog., 3, p. e5; Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Bestebroer, T., Lamers, M.M., Oude Munnink, B.B., de Meulder, D., Okba, N.M.A., Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1012-1015; Rothan, H.A., Byrareddy, S.N., The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak (2020) J. Autoimmun., 109, p. 102433; Schmidt, M.E., Knudson, C.J., Hartwig, S.M., Pewe, L.L., Meyerholz, D.K., Langlois, R.A., Harty, J.T., Varga, S.M., Memory CD8 T cells mediate severe immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus infection (2018) PLoS Pathog., 14, p. e1006810; Sheahan, T., Morrison, T.E., Funkhouser, W., Uematsu, S., Akira, S., Baric, R.S., Heise, M.T., MyD88 is required for protection from lethal infection with a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV (2008) PLoS Pathog., 4, p. e1000240; Sheahan, T., Whitmore, A., Long, K., Ferris, M., Rockx, B., Funkhouser, W., Donaldson, E., Heise, M., Successful vaccination strategies that protect aged mice from lethal challenge from influenza virus and heterologous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2011) J. Virol., 85, pp. 217-230; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Leist, S.R., Schäfer, A., Won, J., Brown, A.J., Montgomery, S.A., Clarke, M.O., Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV (2020) Nat. Commun., 11, p. 222; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Zhou, S., Graham, R.L., Pruijssers, A.J., Agostini, M.L., Leist, S.R., Stevens, L.J., An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice (2020) Sci. Transl. Med., 12, p. eabb5883; Sia, S.F., Yan, L.M., Chin, A.W.H., Fung, K., Choy, K.T., Wong, A.Y.L., Kaewpreedee, P., Nicholls, J.M., Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 834-838; Sims, A.C., Tilton, S.C., Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Schäfer, A., Matzke, M.M., Webb-Robertson, B.J., Long, C.E., Release of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nuclear import block enhances host transcription in human lung cells (2013) J. Virol., 87, pp. 3885-3902; Sinha, P., Matthay, M.A., Calfee, C.S., Is a “Cytokine Storm” Relevant to COVID-19? (2020) JAMA Intern Med., , Published online June 30, 2020; Song, P., Li, W., Xie, J., Hou, Y., You, C., Cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Clin. Chim. Acta, 509, pp. 280-287; Spinato, G., Fabbris, C., Polesel, J., Cazzador, D., Borsetto, D., Hopkins, C., Boscolo-Rizzo, P., Alterations in Smell or Taste in Mildly Symptomatic Outpatients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2089-2090; Stevens, T.P., Sinkin, R.A., Surfactant replacement therapy (2007) Chest, 131, pp. 1577-1582; Sun, J., Zhuang, Z., Zheng, J., Li, K., Wong, R.L., Liu, D., Huang, J., Zhao, J., Generation of a Broadly Useful Model for COVID-19 Pathogenesis, Vaccination, and Treatment (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 734-743; Sun, S.H., Chen, Q., Gu, H.J., Yang, G., Wang, Y.X., Huang, X.Y., Liu, S.S., Xiong, R., A Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathogenesis (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 28, pp. 124-133; Tian, S., Xiong, Y., Liu, H., Niu, L., Guo, J., Liao, M., Xiao, S.Y., Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies (2020) Mod. Pathol., 33, pp. 1007-1014; Totura, A.L., Whitmore, A., Agnihothram, S., Schäfer, A., Katze, M.G., Heise, M.T., Baric, R.S., Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling via TRIF Contributes to a Protective Innate Immune Response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection (2015) MBio, 6, p. e00638-15; Tseng, C.T., Sbrana, E., Iwata-Yoshikawa, N., Newman, P.C., Garron, T., Atmar, R.L., Peters, C.J., Couch, R.B., Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus (2012) PLoS ONE, 7, p. e35421; Vanderheiden, A., Ralfs, P., Chirkova, T., Upadhyay, A.A., Zimmerman, M.G., Bedoya, S., Aoued, H., Manfredi, C., Type I and Type III IFN Restrict SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Airway Epithelial Cultures (2020) J. Virol., 94, p. e00985-20; Wang, J., Shuai, L., Wang, C., Liu, R., He, X., Zhang, X., Sun, Z., Wang, X., Mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 replicates efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice (2020) Protein Cell, , Published online August 4, 2020; Weaver, T.E., Conkright, J.J., Function of surfactant proteins B and C (2001) Annu. Rev. Physiol., 63, pp. 555-578; Wichmann, D., Sperhake, J.P., Lütgehetmann, M., Steurer, S., Edler, C., Heinemann, A., Heinrich, F., Schröder, A.S., Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study (2020) Ann. Intern. Med., 173, pp. 268-277; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M.A., Niemeyer, D., Rothe, C., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Zhang, A.J., Lee, A.C., Chu, H., Chan, J.F., Fan, Z., Li, C., Liu, F., Poon, V.K., SARS-CoV-2 infects and damages the mature and immature olfactory sensory neurons of hamsters. (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., , Published online July 15, 2020; Zhang, H., Rostami, M.R., Leopold, P.L., Mezey, J.G., O'Beirne, S.L., Strulovici-Barel, Y., Crystal, R.G., Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 Receptor in the Human Airway Epithelium (2020) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 202, pp. 219-229; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Gu, X., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.R., Huang, C.L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Lu, R., A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733 PY - 2020 SN - 00928674 (ISSN) SP - 1070-1085.e12 ST - A Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Induces Acute Lung Injury and Mortality in Standard Laboratory Mice T2 - Cell TI - A Mouse-Adapted SARS-CoV-2 Induces Acute Lung Injury and Mortality in Standard Laboratory Mice UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092208002&doi=10.1016%2fj.cell.2020.09.050&partnerID=40&md5=fe104431efb73ebb8e60f0e17ae92eec VL - 183 ID - 290 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The spread of the novel virus SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was explosive, with cases first identified in December 2019, and >22 million people infected and >775,000 deaths as of August 2020. SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe respiratory disease in humans leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The development of effective clinical interventions, such as antivirals and vaccines that can limit or even prevent the burden and spread of SARS-CoV-2, is a global health priority. Testing of leading antivirals, monoclonal antibody therapies and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will require robust animal and cell models of viral pathogenesis. In this Special Article, we discuss the cell-based and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis that have been described as of August 2020. We also outline the outstanding questions for which researchers can leverage animal and cell-based models to improve our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and protective immunity. Taken together, the refinement of models of SARS-CoV-2 infection will be critical to guide the development of therapeutics and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to end the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Disease Models & Mechanisms (2020) 13, dmm046581. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Martinez, D. R. C2 - 32887790 C7 - dmm046581 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1242/dmm.046581 IS - 9 J2 - DNM Dis. Models Mech. KW - Animal models Cell models MERS-CoV SARS-CoV SARS-CoV-2 animal model Article cells coronavirus disease 2019 human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus Mustela putorius furo nonhuman primate model priority journal rodent model SARS coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral phenomena and functions viral tropism virus immunity virus pathogenesis animal Betacoronavirus cell culture Coronavirus infection disease model drug effect immunology pandemic pathogenicity species difference tissue culture technique virology virus pneumonia antivirus agent COVID-19 vaccine virus vaccine Animals Antiviral Agents Cells, Cultured Coronavirus Infections Disease Models, Animal Host Microbial Interactions Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Species Specificity Tissue Culture Techniques Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Martinez, D.R.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: david.rafael.martinez@gmail.com Chemicals/CAS: Antiviral Agents; COVID-19 vaccine; Viral Vaccines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, F32 AI152296, T32 AI007151 Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF Funding text 1: D.R.M. is funded by National Institutes of Health (NIH)/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases T32 AI007151, NIH F32 AI152296 and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award. The conclusions and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NIH or US Department of Health and Human Services. References: Bao, L., Deng, W., Huang, B., Gao, H., Liu, J., Ren, L., Wei, Q., Qi, F., The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 830-833; Beigel, J. H., Tomashek, K. M., Dodd, L. E., Mehta, A. K., Zingman, B. S., Kalil, A. C., Hohmann, E., Kline, S., Remdesivir for the treatment of covid-19 - preliminary report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med; Blanco-Melo, D., Nilsson-Payant, B. E., Liu, W. C., Uhl, S., Hoagland, D., Moller, R., Jordan, T. X., Sachs, D., Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of Covid-19 (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1036-1045. , e9; Bolles, M., Deming, D., Long, K., Agnihothram, S., Whitmore, A., Ferris, M., Funkhouser, W., Heise, M., A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge (2011) J. Virol, 85, pp. 12201-12215; Boulware, D. R., Pullen, M. F., Bangdiwala, A. S., Pastick, K. A., Lofgren, S. M., Okafor, E. C., Skipper, C. P., Abassi, M., A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 517-525; Bradley, B. T., Maioli, H., Johnston, R., Chaudhry, I., Fink, S. L., Xu, H., Najafian, B., Williams, T., Histopathology and ultrastructural findings of fatal COVID-19 infections in Washington State: a case series (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 320-332; Cavalcanti, A. B., Zampieri, F. G., Rosa, R. G., Azevedo, L. C. P., Veiga, V. C., Avezum, A., Damiani, L. P., Lisboa, T., Hydroxychloroquine with or without Azithromycin in mild-to-moderate Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med; Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A. J., McMahan, K., Mercado, N. B., Peter, L., Tostanoski, L. H., Nekorchuk, M., SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 812-817; Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wei, Y., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513; Chua, R. L., Lukassen, S., Trump, S., Hennig, B. P., Wendisch, D., Pott, F., Debnath, O., Völker, M. T., COVID-19 severity correlates with airway epithelium-immune cell interactions identified by single-cell analysis (2020) Nat. Biotechnol, 38, pp. 970-979; Cockrell, A. S., Yount, B. L., Scobey, T., Jensen, K., Douglas, M., Beall, A., Tang, X. C., Baric, R. S., A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (2016) Nat. Microbiol, 2, p. 16226; Cockrell, A. S., Johnson, J. C., Moore, I. N., Liu, D. X., Bock, K. W., Douglas, M. G., Graham, R. L., Bartos, C., A spike-modified Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infectious clone elicits mild respiratory disease in infected rhesus macaques (2018) Sci. Rep, 8, p. 10727; Corbett, K. S., Edwards, D. K., Leist, S. R., Abiona, O. M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R. A., Himansu, S., DiPiazza, A. T., SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness (2020) Nature; Corbett, K. S., Flynn, B., Foulds, K. E., Francica, J. R., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Werner, A. P., Flach, B., Minai, M., Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates (2020) N. Engl. J. Med; Deng, W., Bao, L., Liu, J., Xiao, C., Liu, J., Xue, J., Lv, Q., Yu, P., Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 818-823; Dinnon, K. H., Leist, S. R., Schäfer, A., Edwards, C. E., Martinez, D. R., Montgomery, S. A., West, A., Adams, L. E., A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature; Finch, C. L., Crozier, I., Lee, J. H., Byrum, R., Cooper, T. K., Liang, J., Sharer, K., Kocher, G., Characteristic and quantifiable COVID-19-like abnormalities in CT- and PET/CT-imaged lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis) (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.05.14.096727; Hassan, A. O., Case, J. B., Winkler, E. S., Thackray, L. B., Kafai, N. M., Bailey, A. L., McCune, B. T., Alsoussi, W. B., A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies (2020) Cell, 82, pp. 744-753. , e4; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T. S., Nitsche, A., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280. , e8; Hou, Y. J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C. E., Martinez, D. R., Asakura, T., Dinnon, K. H., Kato, T., Mascenik, T. M., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446. , I. II e14; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Gu, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Imai, M., Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K., Hatta, M., Loeber, S., Halfmann, P. J., Nakajima, N., Watanabe, T., Ito, M., Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 16587-16595; Israelow, B., Song, E., Mao, T., Lu, P., Meir, A., Liu, F., Alfajaro, M. M., Homer, R. J., Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling (2020) J. Exp. Med, 217, p. e20201241; Jiang, R.-D., Liu, M.-Q., Chen, Y., Shan, C., Zhou, Y.-W., Shen, X.-R., Li, Q., Si, H.-R., Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 50-58. , e8; Kim, Y. I., Kim, S. G., Kim, S. M., Kim, E. H., Park, S. J., Yu, K. M., Chang, J. H., Casel, M. A. B., Infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 704-709. , e2; Korber, B., Fischer, W. M., Gnanakaran, S., Yoon, H., Theiler, J., Abfalterer, W., Hengartner, N., Foley, B., Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike: evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 virus (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 812-827. , e19; Kuiken, T., Fouchier, R. A., Schutten, M., Rimmelzwaan, G. F., van Amerongen, G., van Riel, D., Laman, J. D., Lim, W., Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) Lancet, 362, pp. 263-270; Lamers, M. M., Beumer, J., van der Vaart, J., Knoops, K., Puschhof, J., Breugem, T. I., Ravelli, R. B. G., Duimel, H. Q., SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes (2020) Science, 369, pp. 50-54; Lawler, J. V., Endy, T. P., Hensley, L. E., Garrison, A., Fritz, E. A., Lesar, M., Baric, R. S., Wasieloski, L. P., Cynomolgus macaque as an animal model for severe acute respiratory syndrome (2006) PLoS Med, 3, p. e149; Leist, S. R., Pilzner, C., van den Brand, J. M. A., Dengler, L., Geffers, R., Kuiken, T., Balling, R., Schughart, K., Influenza H3N2 infection of the collaborative cross founder strains reveals highly divergent host responses and identifies a unique phenotype in CAST/EiJ mice (2016) BMC Genomics, 17, p. 143; Letko, M., Marzi, A., Munster, V., Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses (2020) Nat. Microbiol, 5, pp. 562-569; Liu, J., Cao, R., Xu, M., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Hu, H., Li, Y., Wang, M., Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro (2020) Cell Discov, 6, p. 16; Lu, S., Zhao, Y., Yu, W., Yang, Y., Gao, J., Wang, J., Kuang, D., Ma, C., Comparison of nonhuman primates identified the suitable model for COVID-19 (2020) Sig. Transduct. Target. Ther, 5, p. 157; Lucas, C., Wong, P., Klein, J., Castro, T. B. R., Silva, J., Sundaram, M., Ellingson, M. K., Israelow, B., Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 463-469; Maisonnasse, P., Guedj, J., Contreras, V., Behillil, S., Solas, C., Marlin, R., Naninck, T., Gonçalves, A., Hydroxychloroquine use against SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-human primates (2020) Nature; Mercado, N. B., Zahn, R., Wegmann, F., Loos, C., Chandrashekar, A., Yu, J., Liu, J., Tostanoski, L. H., Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Nature; Monteil, V., Kwon, H., Prado, P., Hagelkrüys, A., Wimmer, R. A., Stahl, M., Leopoldi, A., Prosper, F., Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2 (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 905-913. , e7; Mossel, E. C., Wang, J., Jeffers, S., Edeen, K. E., Wang, S., Cosgrove, G. P., Funk, C. J., Pearson, L. D., SARS-CoV replicates in primary human alveolar type II cell cultures but not in type I-like cells (2008) Virology, 372, pp. 127-135; Munster, V. J., Feldmann, F., Williamson, B. N., van Doremalen, N., Pérez-Pérez, L., Schulz, J., Meade-White, K., Brumbaugh, B., Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature; Raj, V. S., Mou, H., Smits, S. L., Dekkers, D. H., Müller, M. A., Dijkman, R., Muth, D., Fouchier, R. A., Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC (2013) Nature, 495, pp. 251-254; Richard, M., Kok, A., de Meulder, D., Bestebroer, T. M., Lamers, M. M., Okba, N. M. A., Fentener van Vlissingen, M., Koopmans, M. P. G., SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted via contact and via the air between ferrets (2020) Nat. Commun, 11, p. 3496; Roberts, A., Deming, D., Paddock, C. D., Cheng, A., Yount, B., Vogel, L., Herman, B. D., Genrich, G. L., A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice (2007) PLoS Pathog, 3, p. e5; Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Bestebroer, T., Lamers, M. M., Oude Munnink, B. B., de Meulder, D., Okba, N. M. A., Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1012-1015; Rogers, T. F., Zhao, F., Huang, D., Beutler, N., Burns, A., He, W. T., Limbo, O., Woehl, J., Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model (2020) Science, 369, pp. 956-963; Rosenke, K., Jarvis, M. A., Feldmann, F., Schwarz, B., Okumura, A., Lovaglio, J., Saturday, G., Williamson, B. N., Hydroxychloroquine proves ineffective in hamsters and macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) bioRxiv; Salahudeen, A. A., Choi, S. S., Rustagi, A., Zhu, J., de la, O. S., Flynn, R. A., Margalef-Catala, M., Batish, A., Progenitor identification and SARS-CoV-2 infection in long-term human distal lung organoid cultures (2020) bioRxiv; Scobey, T., Yount, B. L., Sims, A. C., Donaldson, E. F., Agnihothram, S. S., Menachery, V. D., Graham, R. L., Kim, J. D., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Shi, J., Wen, Z., Zhong, G., Yang, H., Wang, C., Huang, B., Liu, R., Sun, Z., Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS–coronavirus 2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1016-1020; Sia, S. F., Yan, L. M., Chin, A. W. H., Fung, K., Choy, K. T., Wong, A. Y. L., Kaewpreedee, P., Nicholls, J. M., Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 834-838; Sims, A. C., Baric, R. S., Yount, B., Burkett, S. E., Collins, P. L., Pickles, R. J., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of human ciliated airway epithelia: role of ciliated cells in viral spread in the conducting airways of the lungs (2005) J. Virol, 79, pp. 15511-15524; van Doremalen, N., Lambe, T., Spencer, A., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Purushotham, J. N., Port, J. R., Avanzato, V. A., Ulaszewska, M., ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques (2020) Nature; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiong, Y., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1061-1069; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Xiao, G., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res, 30, pp. 269-271; Williamson, B. N., Feldmann, F., Schwarz, B., Meade-White, K., Porter, D. P., Schulz, J., van Doremalen, N., Pérez-Pérez, L., Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature; Woolsey, C. B., Borisevich, V., Prasad, A. N., Agans, K. N., Deer, D. J., Dobias, N. S., Heymann, J. C., Medina, L., Establishment of an African green monkey model for COVID-19 (2020), bioRxiv 2020.05.17.100289; Xu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, L., Zhang, C., Liu, S., Zhu, L., Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Lancet Respir. Med, 8, pp. 420-422; Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Fang, M., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study (2020) Lancet Respir. Med, 8, pp. 475-481; Yao, Y., Bao, L., Deng, W., Xu, L., Li, F., Lv, Q., Yu, P., Zhu, H., An animal model of MERS produced by infection of rhesus macaques with MERS coronavirus (2014) J. Infect. Dis, 209, pp. 236-242; Yu, J., Tostanoski, L. H., Peter, L., Mercado, N. B., McMahan, K., Mahrokhian, S. H., Nkolola, J. P., Chandrashekar, A., DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 806-811; Zang, R., Gomez Castro, M. F., McCune, B. T., Zeng, Q., Rothlauf, P. W., Sonnek, N. M., Liu, Z., Greenberg, H. B., TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes (2020) Sci. Immunol, 5; Zhao, X., Chen, D., Szabla, R., Zheng, M., Li, G., Du, P., Zheng, S., Li, R., Broad and differential animal ACE2 receptor usage by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J. Virol; Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Huang, C.-L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Zhu, N., Wang, W., Liu, Z., Liang, C., Wang, W., Ye, F., Huang, B., Zhou, W., Morphogenesis and cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human airway epithelial cells (2020) Nat. Commun, 11, p. 3910; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Lu, R., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 727-733; Ziegler, C. G. K., Allon, S. J., Nyquist, S. K., Mbano, I. M., Miao, V. N., Tzouanas, C. N., Cao, Y., Hauser, B. M., SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across tissues (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1016-1035. , e19; Zost, S. J., Gilchuk, P., Case, J. B., Binshtein, E., Chen, R. E., Nkolola, J. P., Schäfer, A., Nargi, R. S., Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 443-449 PY - 2020 SN - 17548403 (ISSN) ST - Cell and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and immunity T2 - DMM Disease Models and Mechanisms TI - Cell and animal models of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and immunity UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090507491&doi=10.1242%2fdmm.046581&partnerID=40&md5=9ca927217eadbc1e853798c0a9a33cff VL - 13 ID - 376 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: COVID-19 has entered United States prison systems at alarming rates. Disparities in social and structural determinants of health disproportionately affect those experiencing incarceration, making them more vulnerable to COVID-19. Additionally, prisons are sites of congregate living, making it impossible to practice social distancing, and most prisons have relied only on incremental measures to reduce risk and spread of COVID-19. To more fully understand the impact that COVID-19 is having on incarcerated populations, it is critical to have systematic data on testing, test positivity, cases, and case fatality. Using data from the COVID Prison Project, we present data on 53 prison systems COVID-19 testing, test positivity, case, and case fatality by state and compare these data with each state’s general population. We do this for the early stages of the pandemic, utilizing data through July 15, 2020. Results: Many states are not reporting full information on COVID testing with some also not reporting on case fatality. Among those reporting data, there is a wide variation between testing, test positivity, and case rates within prison systems and as compared to the general population. However, when more tests are deployed more cases are identified with the majority of state prisons having higher case rates than their general population. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for the implementation and study of COVID-19 mitigation and surveillance strategies to flatten the COVID-19 curve in prisons across the country. We call for future research to build on these data from the COVID Prison Project to protect the health of our nations’ often forgotten residents. © 2020, The Author(s). AD - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Department of Sociology, Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University, 323 Uris Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States Department of Sociology, University of Miami, 5202 University Drive Merrick Building, Rm 120, Coral Gables, FL 33124, United States Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 333 S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27559, United States Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 333 S. Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27559, United States AU - Lemasters, K. AU - McCauley, E. AU - Nowotny, K. AU - Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. C7 - 24 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1186/s40352-020-00125-3 IS - 1 J2 - Health Justice KW - COVID-19, health disparities Mass incarceration LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Brinkley-Rubinstein, L.; Department of Social Medicine, 333 S. Columbia Street, United States; email: Lauren_Brinkley@med.unc.edu Funding details: Jacob and Valeria Langeloth Foundation Funding text 1: This work was supported by the Jacob and Valeria Langeloth Foundation. References: Akiyama, M.J., Spaulding, A.C., Rich, J.D., Flattening the curve for incarcerated populations — Covid-19 in jails and prisons (2020) The New England Journal of Medicine, 382, pp. 2075-2077; (2012) Territories, , https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=144, https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=144 (Accessed 15 Jul 2020; (2020) Prisoners in 2018; Garcia, J.J.-L., Sharif, M.Z., Black lives matter: A commentary on racism and public health (2015) American Journal of Public Health, 105, pp. E27-E30; Gould, E., Shierholz, H., (2020) Not everybody can work from home, , Economic Policy Institute, Working Economics Blog; Gramlich, J., Black imprisonment rate in the U.S. has fallen by a third since 2006 (2020) Washingon D.C.: Pew Research Center.; (2020) Coronavirus Resource Center, , https://coronavirus.jhu.edu, https://coronavirus.jhu.edu (Accessed 15 Jul 2020; Laurencin, C.T., McClinton, A., The COVID-19 pandemic: A call to action to identify and address racial and ethnic disparities (2020) Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 7, pp. 398-402; Link, B., Phelan, J., Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease (1995) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, pp. 80-94. , &; Nowotny, K., Bailey, Z., Omori, M., Brinkley-Rubinstein, L., COVID-19 exposes need for progressive criminal justice reform (2020) American Journal of Public Health, 110, pp. 967-968; Phelan, J.C., Link, B.G., Is racism a fundamental cause of inequalities in health? (2015) Annual Review of Sociology, 41, pp. 311-330; Saloner, B., Parish, K., Ward, J.A., Dilaura, G., Dolovich, S., COVID-19 cases and deaths in federal and state prisons (2020) JAMA, , published online July 8; So, L., Smith, G., In four U.S. state prisons, nearly 3,300 inmates test positive for coronavirus -- 96% without symptoms (2020) Reuters, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-prisons-testing-in/in-four-u-s-state-prisons-nearly-3300-inmates-test-positive-for-coronavirus-96-without-symptoms-idUSKCN2270RX, Accessed 9 Oct 2020; (2020) The COVID tracking project; (2020) Interim considerations for SARS-CoV-2 testing in correctional and detention facilities; (2020), https://covidprisonproject.com, Accessed 15 Jul 2020; (2020) A State-by-State Look at Coronavirus in Prisons, , The Marshall Project; (2019) 2019 National and State Population Estimates; (2020) QuickFacts United States, , https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219, https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045219 (Accessed 15 Jul 2020; (2020) Detention management; (2020) People in Prison 2019; Wagner, P., Bertram, W., (2020) ‘What percent of the U.S. is incarcerated?’ (And other ways to measure mass incarceration), , Prison Policy Initiative; Widra, E., Hayre, D., (2020) Failing grades: States’ responses to COVID-19 in Jails & Prisons, , Prison Policy Initiative; Widra, E., Wagner, P., (2020) While jails drastically cut populations, state prisons have released almost no one, , Prison Policy Initiative; (2020) COVID-19 Virtual Press Conference PY - 2020 SN - 21947899 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19 cases and testing in 53 prison systems T2 - Health and Justice TI - COVID-19 cases and testing in 53 prison systems UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097443479&doi=10.1186%2fs40352-020-00125-3&partnerID=40&md5=2c3540d4c6f140c90e2680103134abca VL - 8 ID - 260 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic has changed many medical practices in order to provide additional protection to both our patients and healthcare providers. In many cases this includes seeing patients through electronic means such as telehealth or telephone rather than seeing them in person. Asthma exacerbations cannot always be treated in this way. Problem: Current emergency unit asthma guidelines recommend bronchodilators be administered by metered dose inhaler (MDI) and spacer for mild-moderate asthma and include it as a choice even in severe asthma, but many emergency units continue to prefer nebulised therapy for patients who urgently require beta-agonists. The utilization of nebulised therapy potentially increases the risk of aerosolization of the coronavirus. Since nosocomial transmission of respiratory pathogens is a major threat in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, use of nebulised therapy is of even greater concern due to the potential increased risk of infection spread to nearby patients and healthcare workers. Practical implications: We propose a risk stratification plan that aims to avoid nebulised therapy, when possible, by providing an algorithm to help better delineate those who require nebulised therapy. Protocols that include strategies to allow flexibility in using MDIs rather than nebulisers in all but the most severe patients should help mitigate this risk of aerosolised infection transmission to patients and health care providers. Furthermore, expedient treatment of patients with high dose MDI therapy augmented with more rapid initiation of systemic therapy may help ensure patients are less likely to deteriorate to the stage where nebulisers are required. © 2020 The Author(s) AD - University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao, Spain University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Akaki Tsereteli State University, Tskaltubo, Georgia National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagwa, Japan Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Roma, Italy Humanitas University, Milan, Italy The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States University of Athens, Athens, Greece The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong AU - Levin, M. AU - Ansotegui, I. J. AU - Bernstein, J. AU - Chang, Y. S. AU - Chikhladze, M. AU - Ebisawa, M. AU - Fiocchi, A. AU - Heffler, E. AU - Martin, B. AU - Morais-Almeida, M. AU - Papadopoulos, N. G. AU - Peden, D. AU - Wong, G. W. K. C7 - 100125 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100125 IS - 5 J2 - World Allergy Organ. J. KW - Asthma COVID-19 Exacerbation Infectious risk Inhalers Protocol Treatment aminophylline beta adrenergic receptor stimulating agent bronchodilating agent corticosteroid ipratropium bromide magnesium sulfate muscarinic agent salbutamol aerosol clinical protocol coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity early intervention emergency ward fatigue headache health care personnel hospital infection human hypotension medical decision making nausea pandemic practice guideline priority journal Review risk assessment risk management Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 side effect virus transmission LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :18 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Levin, M.; University of Cape TownSouth Africa; email: Michael.levin@uct.ac.za Chemicals/CAS: aminophylline, 317-34-0; ipratropium bromide, 22254-24-6; magnesium sulfate, 7487-88-9; salbutamol, 18559-94-9, 35763-26-9 Funding text 1: To the Board of Directors of the World Allergy Organization for support in development of this article. References: Shaker, M., Oppenheimer, J., Grayson, M., COVID-19: pandemic contingency planning for the Allergy and immunology clinic (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 8 (5), pp. 1477-1488.e5. , Epub 2020 Mar 26; Lu, X., Zhang, L., Du, H., SARS-CoV-2 infection in children (2020) N Engl J Med; Hui, D.S., Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): lessons learnt in Hong Kong (2013) J Thorac Dis, 5 (2), pp. S122-S126; Tran, K., Cimon, K., Severn, M., Pessoa-Silva, C.L., Conly, J., Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review (2012) PloS One, 7 (4); Simonds, A.K., Hanak, A., Chatwin, M., Evaluation of droplet dispersion during non-invasive ventilation, oxygen therapy, nebuliser treatment and chest physiotherapy in clinical practice: implications for management of pandemic influenza and other airborne infections (2010) Health Technol Assess, 14 (46), pp. 131-172; Respiratory care committee of Chinese Thoracic Society. [Expert consensus on preventing nosocomial transmission during respiratory care for critically ill patients infected by 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia] (2020) Zhonghua Jiehe He Huxi Zazhi, 17, p. E020; Covid-19: GINA Answers to Frequently Asked Questions on Asthma Management (2020), https://ginasthma.org/covid-19-gina-answers-to-frequently-asked-questions-on-asthma-management/, [Internet] Available from:; Abrams, E., T'Jong, G.Y.C., Canadian Pediatric Society Practice Point: Paediatric Asthma and COVID-19 (2020), https://www.cps.ca/en/documents/position/paediatric-asthma-and-covid-19, [Internet] Available from:; Abrams, E.M., Szefler, S.J., Managing asthma during COVID-19: an example for other chronic conditions in children and adolescents (2020) J Pediatr, , pii: S0022-3476(20)30528-X. [Epub ahead of print]; Cates, C.J., Welsh, E.J., Rowe, B.H., Holding chambers (spacers) versus nebulisers for beta-agonist treatment of acute asthma (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 9, p. CD000052; Rodriguez-Martinez, C., Sossa, M., Lozano, J.M., Commercial versus home-made spacers in delivering bronchodilator therapy for acute therapy in children (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2, p. CD005536; Kirkland, S.W., Vandenberghe, C., Voaklander, B., Nikel, T., Campbell, S., Rowe, B.H., Combined inhaled beta-agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma (2017) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1, p. CD001284; Khoo, S.M., Tan, L.K., Said, N., Lim, T.K., Metered-dose inhaler with spacer instead of nebulizer during the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Singapore (2009) Respir Care, 54 (7), pp. 855-860; Kew, K.M., Kirtchuk, L., Michell, C.I., Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating adults with acute asthma in the emergency department (2014) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 5, p. CD010909; Griffiths, B., Kew, K.M., Intravenous magnesium sulfate for treating children with acute asthma in the emergency department (2016) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4, p. CD011050; Travers, A.H., Milan, S.J., Jones, A.P., Camargo, C.A., Jr., Rowe, B.H., Addition of intravenous beta 2 -agonists to inhaled beta 2 -agonists for acute asthma (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 12, p. CD010179; Kew, K.M., Karner, C., Mindus, S.M., Ferrara, G., Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus combination inhaler maintenance for chronic asthma in adults and children (2013) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 12, p. CD009019 PY - 2020 SN - 19394551 (ISSN) ST - Acute asthma management during SARS-CoV2-pandemic 2020 T2 - World Allergy Organization Journal TI - Acute asthma management during SARS-CoV2-pandemic 2020 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084830267&doi=10.1016%2fj.waojou.2020.100125&partnerID=40&md5=2382fb5d0fb567a79ff6a2c2809c41e3 VL - 13 ID - 508 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Effective therapies are urgently needed for the SARS-CoV-2/ COVID-19 pandemic. We identified panels of fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from large phage-displayed Fab, scFv, and VH libraries by panning against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein. A high-affinity Fab was selected from one of the libraries and converted to a full-size antibody, IgG1 ab1, which competed with human ACE2 for binding to RBD. It potently neutralized replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 but not SARS-CoV, as measured by two different tissue culture assays, as well as a replication-competent mouse ACE2-adapted SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice and native virus in hACE2-expressing transgenic mice showing activity at the lowest tested dose of 2 mg/kg. IgG1 ab1 also exhibited high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mechanism of neutralization is by competition with ACE2 but could involve antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) as IgG1 ab1 had ADCC activity in vitro. The ab1 sequence has a relatively low number of somatic mutations, indicating that ab1-like antibodies could be quickly elicited during natural SARS-CoV-2 infection or by RBD-based vaccines. IgG1 ab1 did not aggregate, did not exhibit other developability liabilities, and did not bind to any of the 5, 300 human membrane-associated proteins tested. These results suggest that IgG1 ab1 has potential for therapy and prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The rapid identification (within 6 d of availability of antigen for panning) of potent mAbs shows the value of large antibody libraries for response to public health threats from emerging microbes. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Antibody Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX 77550, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious, Disease Organization-VInternational Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States AU - Li, W. AU - Chen, C. AU - Drelich, A. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Suna, Z. AU - Schafer, A. AU - Kulkarni, S. S. AU - Liu, X. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Zhelev, D. V. AU - Zhang, L. AU - Kim, Y. J. AU - Peterson, E. C. AU - Conard, A. AU - Mellors, J. W. AU - Tseng, C. T. K. AU - Falzarano, D. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Dimitrov, D. S. C2 - 33139569 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1073/pnas.2010197117 IS - 47 J2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. KW - Animal models Coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic antibodies angiotensin converting enzyme 2 coronavirus spike glycoprotein monoclonal antibody monoclonal antibody IgG1 ab1 unclassified drug immunoglobulin G spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody animal experiment animal model animal tissue antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity Article binding affinity chemoprophylaxis controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 dose response drug efficacy drug identification drug potency drug protein binding drug specificity hamster human human cell IC50 in vitro study in vivo study interstitial pneumonia lung congestion mouse natural killer cell nonhuman priority journal protection protein expression protein structure receptor binding domain SARS coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus neutralization animal Bagg albino mouse blood chemistry Chlorocebus aethiops female immunology metabolism passive immunization procedures therapy vaccine immunogenicity Vero cell line Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Animals Antibodies, Viral Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity COVID-19 COVID-19 Serological Testing COVID-19 Vaccines Cricetinae Humans Immunization, Passive Immunogenicity, Vaccine Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Vero Cells LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PNASA Correspondence Address: Li, W.; Department of Medicine, United States; email: LIWEI171@pitt.edu Correspondence Address: Dimitrov, D.S.; Department of Medicine, United States; email: mit666666@pitt.edu Chemicals/CAS: immunoglobulin G, 97794-27-9; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19 Vaccines; Immunoglobulin G; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, F32 AI152296 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, AI108197, AI132178, T32 AI007151 Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC, P30CA016086 Funding details: Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh Funding text 1: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank the members of the Center for Antibody Therapeutics: Megan Shi, Cynthia Adams, Du-San Baek, and Xiaojie Chu for their help with some of the experiments and helpful discussions. We also thank Rui Gong from the Institute of Virology in Wuhan and Rachel Fong from Integral Molecular for helpful suggestions. This work was supported by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. We thank Jocelyne Lew and Vinoth Manoharan for technical assistance and the members of the Clinical Research and Animal Care team at VIDO-InterVac, as well as Yanyun Huang and Dale Godson (Prairie Diagnostic Services, Inc.). D.R.M. is funded by NIH grant F32 AI152296, a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award, and was supported by NIH, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant T32 AI007151. R.S.B. is supported by NIH grants AI132178 and AI108197. Some monoclonal antibodies were generated by the UNC Protein Expression and Purification core facility, which is funded by NIH grant P30CA016086. Funding text 2: We thank the members of the Center for Antibody Therapeutics:Megan Shi, Cynthia Adams, Du-San Baek, and Xiaojie Chu for their help with some of the experiments and helpful discussions. We also thank Rui Gong from the Institute of Virology in Wuhan and Rachel Fong from Integral Molecular for helpful suggestions. This work was supported by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. We thank Jocelyne Lew and Vinoth Manoharan for technical assistance and the members of the Clinical Research and Animal Care team at VIDO-InterVac, as well as Yanyun Huang and Dale Godson (Prairie Diagnostic Services, Inc.). D.R.M. is funded by NIH grant F32 AI152296, a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award, and was supported by NIH, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant T32 AI007151. R.S.B. is supported by NIH grants AI132178 and AI108197. Some monoclonal antibodies were generated by the UNC Protein Expression and Purification core facility, which is funded by NIH grant P30CA016086. References: Zhou, P., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Rojas, M., Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action (2020) Autoimmun. Rev, 19, p. 102554; Prabakaran, P., Structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with neutralizing antibody (2006) J. Biol. Chem, 281, pp. 15829-15836; Ying, T., Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies (2014) J. Virol, 88, pp. 7796-7805; Zhu, Z., Potent neutralization of Hendra and Nipah viruses by human monoclonal antibodies (2006) J. Virol, 80, pp. 891-899; Zhu, Z., Exceptionally potent cross-reactive neutralization of Nipah and Hendra viruses by a human monoclonal antibody (2008) J. Infect. Dis, 197, pp. 846-853; Zhu, Z., Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 104, pp. 12123-12128; Agrawal, A. S., Passive transfer of A germline-like neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects transgenic mice against lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2016) Sci. Rep, 6, p. 31629; Bossart, K. N., A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects against lethal disease in a new ferret model of acute nipah virus infection (2009) PLoS Pathog, 5, p. e1000642; Bossart, K. N., A neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects african green monkeys from hendra virus challenge (2011) Sci. Transl. Med, 3, p. 105ra103; Playford, E. G., Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of a human monoclonal antibody targeting the G glycoprotein of henipaviruses in healthy adults: A first-in-human, randomised, controlled, phase 1 study (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20, pp. 445-454; Chen, W., Zhu, Z., Feng, Y., Xiao, X., Dimitrov, D. S., Construction of a large phagedisplayed human antibody domain library with a scaffold based on a newly identified highly soluble, stable heavy chain variable domain (2008) J. Mol. Biol, 382, pp. 779-789; Yan, R., Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1444-1448; Xiao, X., Chakraborti, S., Dimitrov, A. S., Gramatikoff, K., Dimitrov, D. S., The SARS-CoV S glycoprotein: Expression and functional characterization (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 312, pp. 1159-1164; He, Y., Identification of a critical neutralization determinant of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus: Importance for designing SARS vaccines (2005) Virology, 334, pp. 74-82; ter Meulen, J., Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: Synergy and coverage of escape mutants (2006) PLoS Med, 3, p. e237; Cao, Y., Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by highthroughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients' B cells (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 73-84. , e16; Wu, Y., A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1274-1278; Barnes, C. O., Structures of human antibodies bound to SARS-CoV-2 spike reveal common epitopes and recurrent features of antibodies (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 828-842. , e16; Shi, R., A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 120-124; Rogers, T. F., Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model (2020) Science, 369, pp. 956-963; Ju, B., Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 115-119; Wang, C., A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Nat. Commun, 11, p. 2251; Pinto, D., Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 290-295; Atyeo, C., Therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibody CR3022, , https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3612156, (1 June 2020); Hansen, J., Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1010-1014; Dinnon, K. H., A mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 model for the evaluation of COVID- 19 medical countermeasures, , bioRxiv: (7 May 2020); Menachery, V. D., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 113, pp. 3048-3053; Chan, J. F.-W., Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility (2020) Clin. Infect; Imai, M., Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 117, pp. 16587-16595; Keyaerts, E., Vijgen, L., Maes, P., Neyts, J., Van Ranst, M., Growth kinetics of SARScoronavirus in Vero E6 cells (2005) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 329, pp. 1147-1151; Sungnak, W., HCA Lung Biological Network, SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes (2020) Nat. Med, 26, pp. 681-687; Sia, S. F., Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 834-838; Wu, Y., Rapid elimination of broadly neutralizing antibodies correlates with treatment failure in the acute phase of simian-human immunodeficiency virus infection (2019) J. Virol, 93, pp. e01077-19; Parren, P. W., Burton, D. R., The antiviral activity of antibodies in vitro and in vivo (2001) Adv. Immunol, 77, pp. 195-262; Kreer, C., Longitudinal isolation of potent near-germline SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 843-854. , e12; Zost, S. J., Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (2020) Nat. Med, 26, pp. 1422-1427; Seydoux, E., Analysis of a SARS-CoV-2-infected individual reveals development of potent neutralizing antibodies with limited somatic mutation (2020) Immunity, 53, pp. 98-105. , e5; Ying, T., Junctional and allele-specific residues are critical for MERS-CoV neutralization by an exceptionally potent germline-like antibody (2015) Nat. Commun, 6, p. 8223; Yu, F., A potent germline-like human monoclonal antibody targets a pH-sensitive epitope on H7N9 influenza hemagglutinin (2017) Cell Host Microbe, 22, pp. 471-483. , e5; Hu, D., A broadly neutralizing germline-like human monoclonal antibody against dengue virus envelope domain III (2019) PLoS Pathog, 15, p. e1007836; Gao, F., Development of a potent and protective germline-like antibody lineage against zika virus in a convalescent human (2019) Front. Immunol, 10, p. 2424; Godoy-Lozano, E. E., Lower IgG somatic hypermutation rates during acute dengue virus infection is compatible with a germinal center-independent B cell response (2016) Genome Med, 8, p. 23; Dimitrov, D. S., Therapeutic antibodies, vaccines and antibodyomes (2010) MAbs, 2, pp. 347-356; Xiao, X., Germline-like predecessors of broadly neutralizing antibodies lack measurable binding to HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins: Implications for evasion of immune responses and design of vaccine immunogens (2009) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 390, pp. 404-409; Persson, H., In vitro evolution of antibodies Inspired by in vivo evolution (2018) Front. Immunol, 9, p. 1391; Yount, B., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 100, pp. 12995-13000 PY - 2020 SN - 00278424 (ISSN) SP - 29832-29838 ST - Rapid identification of a human antibody with high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in three animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Rapid identification of a human antibody with high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in three animal models of SARS-CoV-2 infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096883352&doi=10.1073%2fpnas.2010197117&partnerID=40&md5=2dcdd9e989f7c7c14799ebde21a65650 VL - 117 ID - 285 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A high-affinity human antibody domain, VH ab8, specific for SARS-CoV-2, bound to all three S protomers competing with ACE2. The relatively small size and bivalency of VH-Fc ab8 contributed to its high potency in two animal models of infection. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. Novel COVID-19 therapeutics are urgently needed. We generated a phage-displayed human antibody VH domain library from which we identified a high-affinity VH binder ab8. Bivalent VH, VH-Fc ab8, bound with high avidity to membrane-associated S glycoprotein and to mutants found in patients. It potently neutralized mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 in wild-type mice at a dose as low as 2 mg/kg and exhibited high prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, possibly enhanced by its relatively small size. Electron microscopy combined with scanning mutagenesis identified ab8 interactions with all three S protomers and showed how ab8 neutralized the virus by directly interfering with ACE2 binding. VH-Fc ab8 did not aggregate and did not bind to 5,300 human membrane-associated proteins. The potent neutralization activity of VH-Fc ab8 combined with good developability properties and cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 mutants provide a strong rationale for its evaluation as a COVID-19 therapeutic. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3109 Michael Hooker Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, and the Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 117 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77550, United States Abound Bio, 1401 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Centre, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada AU - Li, W. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Kulkarni, S. S. AU - Liu, X. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Chen, C. AU - Sun, Z. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Drelich, A. AU - Zhang, L. AU - Ura, M. L. AU - Berezuk, A. AU - Chittori, S. AU - Leopold, K. AU - Mannar, D. AU - Srivastava, S. S. AU - Zhu, X. AU - Peterson, E. C. AU - Tseng, C. T. AU - Mellors, J. W. AU - Falzarano, D. AU - Subramaniam, S. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Dimitrov, D. S. C2 - 32941803 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.007 IS - 2 J2 - Cell KW - electron microscopy human VH antibody domain mouse and hamster models SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization angiotensin converting enzyme 2 anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent antibody membrane protein coronavirus spike glycoprotein dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase immunoglobulin Fc fragment immunoglobulin heavy chain neutralizing antibody spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody animal experiment animal model antiviral activity Article binding affinity controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cross reaction drug binding drug efficacy drug mechanism drug potency hamster in vitro study male mouse mutagenesis mutational analysis nonhuman priority journal prophylaxis protein binding protein motif receptor binding structure activity relation wild type administration and dosage animal antibody affinity Bagg albino mouse chemistry Coronavirus infection female genetics human immunoglobulin variable region immunology metabolism mutation pandemic peptide library protein domain ultrastructure virus pneumonia Animals Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Coronavirus Infections Cricetinae Humans Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Pandemics Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Pneumonia, Viral Protein Domains Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CELLB Correspondence Address: Li, W.; Center for Antibody Therapeutics, 3550 Terrace St., United States; email: liwei171@pitt.edu Correspondence Address: Dimitrov, D.S.; Center for Antibody Therapeutics, 3550 Terrace St., United States; email: mit666666@pitt.edu Chemicals/CAS: dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, 9015-82-1; angiotensin converting enzyme 2; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; Immunoglobulin Variable Region; Peptide Library; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, F32 AI152296 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, AI108197, AI132178, T32 AI007151 Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC, P30CA016086 Funding details: Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh Funding details: University of Pittsburgh Funding details: Genome British Columbia Funding text 1: We would like to thank the members of our group, Dontcho Jelev, Megan Shi, Cynthia Adams, Du-San Baek, Ye-Jin Kim, and Xiaojie Chu for their helpful discussions. We thank Dr. Kevin McCormick from the University of Pittsburgh, Rui Gong from the Institute of Virology in Wuhan, and Rachel Fong from Integral Molecular for helpful suggestions. We would also like to thank Jocelyne Lew and Vinoth Manoharan for technical assistance and the members of the Clinical Research and Animal Care team at VIDO-InterVac, as well as Yanyun Huang and Dale Godson (Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc.). This work was supported by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. D.R.M. is funded by NIH (F32 AI152296), a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award, and NIH NIAID (T32 AI007151). R.S.B. is supported by NIH (AI132178 and AI108197). Work in the Subramaniam laboratory is supported by a Canada Excellence Research Chair Award and a grant from Genome BC, Canada. Some monoclonal antibodies were generated by the UNC Protein Expression and Purification (PEP) core facility, which is funded by NIH (P30CA016086). D.S.D. R.S.B. C.-T.T. J.W.M. S.S. D.F. and W.L. conceived and designed the research. W.L. identified and characterized antibodies. X.L. and Z.S. helped to make libraries, characterized antibodies, and performed the cell fusion pseudovirus assays. C.C. made the RBD and ACE2. L.Z. made and characterized reagents. M.L.U. and E.C.P. characterized proteins and helped with the proteome assay. D.M. and A.D. performed the live virus neutralization assays. A.S. S.S.K. D.F. and S.L. performed the animal studies. A.B. S.C. K.L. D.M. S.S.S. X.Z. and S.S. produced and purified the S trimer, carried out the EM experiments, and analyzed the structure-related results. D.S.D. and W.L. wrote the first draft of the article. All authors discussed the results and contributed to the manuscript. W.L. C.C. Z.S. J.W.M. and D.S.D. are co-inventors of a patent, filed on March 12 by the University of Pittsburgh, related to ab8 described in this paper. Funding text 2: We would like to thank the members of our group, Dontcho Jelev, Megan Shi, Cynthia Adams, Du-San Baek, Ye-Jin Kim, and Xiaojie Chu for their helpful discussions. We thank Dr. Kevin McCormick from the University of Pittsburgh, Rui Gong from the Institute of Virology in Wuhan, and Rachel Fong from Integral Molecular for helpful suggestions. We would also like to thank Jocelyne Lew and Vinoth Manoharan for technical assistance and the members of the Clinical Research and Animal Care team at VIDO-InterVac, as well as Yanyun Huang and Dale Godson (Prairie Diagnostic Services Inc.). This work was supported by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center . D.R.M. is funded by NIH ( F32 AI152296 ), a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award , and NIH NIAID ( T32 AI007151 ). R.S.B. is supported by NIH ( AI132178 and AI108197 ). Work in the Subramaniam laboratory is supported by a Canada Excellence Research Chair Award and a grant from Genome BC, Canada . Some monoclonal antibodies were generated by the UNC Protein Expression and Purification (PEP) core facility, which is funded by NIH ( P30CA016086 ). References: Agrawal, A.S., Tao, X., Algaissi, A., Garron, T., Narayanan, K., Peng, B.H., Couch, R.B., Tseng, C.T., Immunization with inactivated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus vaccine leads to lung immunopathology on challenge with live virus (2016) Hum. Vaccin. Immunother., 12, pp. 2351-2356; Agrawal, A.S., Ying, T., Tao, X., Garron, T., Algaissi, A., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Tseng, C.T., Passive Transfer of A Germline-like Neutralizing Human Monoclonal Antibody Protects Transgenic Mice Against Lethal Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection (2016) Sci. Rep., 6, p. 31629; Amanat, F., Krammer, F., SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Status Report (2020) Immunity, 52, pp. 583-589; Barnes, C.O., West, A.P., Jr., Huey-Tubman, K.E., Hoffmann, M.A.G., Sharaf, N.G., Hoffman, P.R., Koranda, N., Muecksch, F., Structures of Human Antibodies Bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Reveal Common Epitopes and Recurrent Features of Antibodies (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 828-842; Cao, Y., Su, B., Guo, X., Sun, W., Deng, Y., Bao, L., Zhu, Q., Geng, C., Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Identified by High-Throughput Single-Cell Sequencing of Convalescent Patients’ B Cells (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 73-84; Casadevall, A., Pirofski, L.A., The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19 (2020) J. Clin. Invest., 130, pp. 1545-1548; Case, J.B., Rothlauf, P.W., Chen, R.E., Liu, Z., Zhao, H., Kim, A.S., Bloyet, L.-M., Droit, L., Neutralizing Antibody and Soluble ACE2 Inhibition of a Replication-Competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and a Clinical Isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, , Published online July 3, 2020; Chan, J.F.-W., Zhang, A.J., Yuan, S., Poon, V.K.-M., Chan, C.C.-S., Lee, A.C.-Y., Chan, W.-M., Wen, L., Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., , ciaa325; Chen, W., Zhu, Z., Feng, Y., Dimitrov, D.S., Human domain antibodies to conserved sterically restricted regions on gp120 as exceptionally potent cross-reactive HIV-1 neutralizers (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105, pp. 17121-17126; Chen, W., Zhu, Z., Feng, Y., Xiao, X., Dimitrov, D.S., Construction of a large phage-displayed human antibody domain library with a scaffold based on a newly identified highly soluble, stable heavy chain variable domain (2008) J. Mol. Biol., 382, pp. 779-789; Chi, X., Liu, X., Wang, C., Zhang, X., Ren, L., Jin, Q., Wang, J., Yang, W., Humanized Single Domain Antibodies Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by Targeting Spike Receptor Binding Domain (2020) bioRxiv; Chuang, G.-Y., Zhang, B., McKee, K., O'Dell, S., Kwon, Y.D., Zhou, T., Blinn, J., Von Holle, T., Eliminating antibody polyreactivity through addition of N-linked glycosylation (2015) Protein Sci., 24, pp. 1019-1030; Corman, V.M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D.K., Bleicker, T., Schmidt, M.L., Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR (2020) Euro Surveill., 25, p. 2000045; Detalle, L., Stohr, T., Palomo, C., Piedra, P.A., Gilbert, B.E., Mas, V., Millar, A., Allosery, K., Generation and Characterization of ALX-0171, a Potent Novel Therapeutic Nanobody for the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (2015) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 60, pp. 6-13; Dinnon, K.H., Leist, S.R., Schäfer, A., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Montgomery, S.A., West, A., Adams, L.E., A mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 model for the evaluation of COVID-19 medical countermeasures (2020) bioRxiv; Du, L., Kou, Z., Ma, C., Tao, X., Wang, L., Zhao, G., Chen, Y., Jiang, S., A truncated receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein potently inhibits MERS-CoV infection and induces strong neutralizing antibody responses: implication for developing therapeutics and vaccines (2013) PLoS ONE, 8, p. e81587; Du, L., Zhao, G., Yang, Y., Qiu, H., Wang, L., Kou, Z., Tao, X., Tseng, C.T., A conformation-dependent neutralizing monoclonal antibody specifically targeting receptor-binding domain in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein (2014) J. Virol., 88, pp. 7045-7053; Fairhead, M., Howarth, M., Site-specific biotinylation of purified proteins using BirA (2015) Methods Mol. Biol., 1266, pp. 171-184; Freise, A.C., Wu, A.M., In vivo imaging with antibodies and engineered fragments (2015) Mol. Immunol., 67 (2), pp. 142-152; Grifoni, A., Sidney, J., Zhang, Y., Scheuermann, R.H., Peters, B., Sette, A., A Sequence Homology and Bioinformatic Approach Can Predict Candidate Targets for Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 671-680; Harmsen, M.M., De Haard, H.J., Properties, production, and applications of camelid single-domain antibody fragments (2007) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 77, pp. 13-22; He, Y., Zhu, Q., Liu, S., Zhou, Y., Yang, B., Li, J., Jiang, S., Identification of a critical neutralization determinant of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus: importance for designing SARS vaccines (2005) Virology, 334, pp. 74-82; Hou, Y.J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Asakura, T., Dinnon, K.H., 3rd, Kato, T., Mascenik, T.M., SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446; Huo, J., Le Bas, A., Ruza, R.R., Duyvesteyn, H.M.E., Mikolajek, H., Malinauskas, T., Tan, T.K., Ward, P.N., Neutralizing nanobodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and block interaction with ACE2 (2020) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.; Imai, M., Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K., Hatta, M., Loeber, S., Halfmann, P.J., Nakajima, N., Watanabe, T., Ito, M., Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 16587-16595; Jain, R.K., Physiological Barriers to Delivery of Monoclonal Antibodies and Other Macromolecules in Tumors (1990) Cancer Res., 50, pp. 814s-819s; Jiang, S., Du, L., Shi, Z., An emerging coronavirus causing pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China: calling for developing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies (2020) Emerg. Microbes Infect., 9, pp. 275-277; Ju, B., Zhang, Q., Ge, J., Wang, R., Sun, J., Ge, X., Yu, J., Song, S., Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 115-119; Keyaerts, E., Vijgen, L., Maes, P., Neyts, J., Van Ranst, M., Growth kinetics of SARS-coronavirus in Vero E6 cells (2005) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 329, pp. 1147-1151; Klasse, P.J., Sattentau, Q.J., Occupancy and mechanism in antibody-mediated neutralization of animal viruses (2002) J. Gen. Virol., 83, pp. 2091-2108; Lagassé, H.A.D., Hengel, H., Golding, B., Sauna, Z.E., Fc-Fusion Drugs Have FcγR/C1q Binding and Signaling Properties That May Affect Their Immunogenicity (2019) AAPS J., 21, p. 62; Lan, J., Ge, J., Yu, J., Shan, S., Zhou, H., Fan, S., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220; Lei, C., Qian, K., Li, T., Zhang, S., Fu, W., Ding, M., Hu, S., Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus by recombinant ACE2-Ig (2020) Nat. Commun., 11, p. 2070; Li, W., Prabakaran, P., Chen, W., Zhu, Z., Feng, Y., Dimitrov, D.S., Antibody Aggregation: Insights from Sequence and Structure (2016) Antibodies (Basel), 5, p. 19; Li, W., Drelich, A., Martinez, D.R., Gralinski, L., Chen, C., Sun, Z., Liu, X., Peterson, E.C., Potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in an animal model by a human monoclonal antibody (2020) bioRxiv; Li, X., Song, Y., Wong, G., Cui, J., Bat origin of a new human coronavirus: there and back again (2020) Sci. China Life Sci., 63, pp. 461-462; Liu, X., Gao, F., Gou, L., Chen, Y., Gu, Y., Ao, L., Shen, H., Gao, W., Neutralizing Antibodies Isolated by a site-directed Screening have Potent Protection on SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2020) bioRxiv; Lv, Z., Deng, Y.-Q., Ye, Q., Cao, L., Sun, C.-Y., Fan, C., Huang, W., Zhu, L., Structural basis for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV by a potent therapeutic antibody (2020) Science, , eabc5881; Nelson, A.L., Antibody fragments: hope and hype (2010) MAbs, 2, pp. 77-83; Nguyen, V.K., Hamers, R., Wyns, L., Muyldermans, S., Camel heavy-chain antibodies: diverse germline V(H)H and specific mechanisms enlarge the antigen-binding repertoire (2000) EMBO J., 19, pp. 921-930; Nilvebrant, J., Tessier, P.M., Sidhu, S.S., Engineered Autonomous Human Variable Domains (2016) Curr. Pharm. Des., 22, pp. 6527-6537; Pelegrin, M., Naranjo-Gomez, M., Piechaczyk, M., Antiviral Monoclonal Antibodies: Can They Be More Than Simple Neutralizing Agents? (2015) Trends Microbiol., 23, pp. 653-665; Pettersen, E.F., Goddard, T.D., Huang, C.C., Couch, G.S., Greenblatt, D.M., Meng, E.C., Ferrin, T.E., UCSF Chimera–a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis (2004) J. Comput. Chem., 25, pp. 1605-1612; Pinto, D., Park, Y.-J., Beltramello, M., Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Bianchi, S., Jaconi, S., De Marco, A., Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 290-295; Portolano, N., Watson, P.J., Fairall, L., Millard, C.J., Milano, C.P., Song, Y., Cowley, S.M., Schwabe, J.W., Recombinant protein expression for structural biology in HEK 293F suspension cells: a novel and accessible approach (2014) J. Vis. Exp., (92), p. e51897; Priyanka, S., Ranabir, M., Sourabrata, C., Amit, K.S., Mahitosh, M., Siddik, S., Mutations in Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Modulate Receptor Binding, Membrane Fusion and Immunogenicity: An Insight into Viral Tropism and Pathogenesis of COVID-19 (2020) ChemRxiv; Punjani, A., Rubinstein, J.L., Fleet, D.J., Brubaker, M.A., cryoSPARC: algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination (2017) Nat. Methods, 14, pp. 290-296; Quinlan, B.D., Mou, H., Zhang, L., Guo, Y., He, W., Ojha, A., Parcells, M.S., Zhong, G., The SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain elicits a potent neutralizing response without antibody-dependent enhancement (2020) bioRxiv; Rogers, T.F., Zhao, F., Huang, D., Beutler, N., Burns, A., He, W.-T., Limbo, O., Woehl, J., Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model (2020) Science, p. eabc7520; Rojas, M., Rodríguez, Y., Monsalve, D.M., Acosta-Ampudia, Y., Camacho, B., Gallo, J.E., Rojas-Villarraga, A., Manrique, R., Convalescent plasma in Covid-19: Possible mechanisms of action (2020) Autoimmun. Rev., 19, p. 102554; Scheres, S.H., RELION: implementation of a Bayesian approach to cryo-EM structure determination (2012) J. Struct. Biol., 180, pp. 519-530; Scobey, T., Yount, B.L., Sims, A.C., Donaldson, E.F., Agnihothram, S.S., Menachery, V.D., Graham, R.L., Kim, J.D., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Shi, R., Shan, C., Duan, X., Chen, Z., Liu, P., Song, J., Song, T., Wu, L., A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 120-124; Sia, S.F., Yan, L.-M., Chin, A.W.H., Fung, K., Choy, K.-T., Wong, A.Y.L., Kaewpreedee, P., Nicholls, J.M., Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 834-838; Stetefeld, J., McKenna, S.A., Patel, T.R., Dynamic light scattering: a practical guide and applications in biomedical sciences (2016) Biophys. Rev., 8, pp. 409-427; Sun, Z., Chen, C., Li, W., Martinez, D.R., Drelich, A., Baek, D.-S., Liu, X., Dimitrov, D.S., Potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by human antibody heavy-chain variable domains isolated from a large library with a new stable scaffold (2020) MAbs, 12, p. 1778435; Tian, X., Li, C., Huang, A., Xia, S., Lu, S., Shi, Z., Lu, L., Ying, T., Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody (2020) Emerg. Microbes Infect., 9, pp. 382-385; Tucker, D.F., Sullivan, J.T., Mattia, K.A., Fisher, C.R., Barnes, T., Mabila, M.N., Wilf, R., Payne, R.J., Isolation of state-dependent monoclonal antibodies against the 12-transmembrane domain glucose transporter 4 using virus-like particles (2018) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115, pp. E4990-E4999; Unverdorben, F., Richter, F., Hutt, M., Seifert, O., Malinge, P., Fischer, N., Kontermann, R.E., Pharmacokinetic properties of IgG and various Fc fusion proteins in mice (2016) MAbs, 8, pp. 120-128; van Vugt, M.J., Heijnen, I.A., Capel, P.J., Park, S.Y., Ra, C., Saito, T., Verbeek, J.S., van de Winkel, J.G., FcR gamma-chain is essential for both surface expression and function of human Fc gamma RI (CD64) in vivo (1996) Blood, 87, pp. 3593-3599; Wagner, T., Merino, F., Stabrin, M., Moriya, T., Antoni, C., Apelbaum, A., Hagel, P., Prumbaum, D., SPHIRE-crYOLO is a fast and accurate fully automated particle picker for cryo-EM (2019) Commun. Biol., 2, p. 218; Wrapp, D., De Vlieger, D., Corbett, K.S., Torres, G.M., Wang, N., Van Breedam, W., Roose, K., Pöhlmann, S., Structural Basis for Potent Neutralization of Betacoronaviruses by Single-Domain Camelid Antibodies (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1004-1015.e15; Wu, Y., Li, C., Xia, S., Tian, X., Kong, Y., Wang, Z., Gu, C., Xie, Y., Identification of Human Single-Domain Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 891-898; Wu, Y., Wang, F., Shen, C., Peng, W., Li, D., Zhao, C., Li, Z., Yang, Y., A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1274-1278; Xiao, X., Chakraborti, S., Dimitrov, A.S., Gramatikoff, K., Dimitrov, D.S., The SARS-CoV S glycoprotein: expression and functional characterization (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 312, pp. 1159-1164; Yan, R., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Xia, L., Guo, Y., Zhou, Q., Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1444-1448; Ying, T., Du, L., Ju, T.W., Prabakaran, P., Lau, C.C., Lu, L., Liu, Q., Wang, Y., Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies (2014) J. Virol., 88, pp. 7796-7805; Ying, T., Feng, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, W., Dimitrov, D.S., Monomeric IgG1 Fc molecules displaying unique Fc receptor interactions that are exploitable to treat inflammation-mediated diseases (2014) MAbs, 6, pp. 1201-1210; Yount, B., Curtis, K.M., Fritz, E.A., Hensley, L.E., Jahrling, P.B., Prentice, E., Denison, M.R., Baric, R.S., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, pp. 12995-13000; Yuan, M., Wu, N.C., Zhu, X., Lee, C.D., So, R.T.Y., Lv, H., Mok, C.K.P., Wilson, I.A., A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV (2020) Science, 368, pp. 630-633; Zhao, G., Du, L., Ma, C., Li, Y., Li, L., Poon, V.K., Wang, L., Zhou, Y., A safe and convenient pseudovirus-based inhibition assay to detect neutralizing antibodies and screen for viral entry inhibitors against the novel human coronavirus MERS-CoV (2013) Virol. J., 10, p. 266; Zhu, Z., Chakraborti, S., He, Y., Roberts, A., Sheahan, T., Xiao, X., Hensley, L.E., Sidorov, I.A., Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, pp. 12123-12128; Zost, S.J., Gilchuk, P., Case, J.B., Binshtein, E., Chen, R.E., Nkolola, J.P., Schäfer, A., Nargi, R.S., Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 443-449 PY - 2020 SN - 00928674 (ISSN) SP - 429-441.e16 ST - High Potency of a Bivalent Human VH Domain in SARS-CoV-2 Animal Models T2 - Cell TI - High Potency of a Bivalent Human VH Domain in SARS-CoV-2 Animal Models UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091768071&doi=10.1016%2fj.cell.2020.09.007&partnerID=40&md5=f7b964c54378358cb29e6d66904231ad VL - 183 ID - 324 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We developed a de novo protein design strategy to swiftly engineer decoys for neutralizing pathogens that exploit extracellular host proteins to infect the cell. Our pipeline allowed the design, validation, and optimization of de novo human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) decoys to neutralize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The best monovalent decoy, CTC-445.2, bound with low nanomolar affinity and high specificity to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) showed that the design is accurate and can simultaneously bind to all three RBDs of a single spike protein. Because the decoy replicates the spike protein target interface in hACE2, it is intrinsically resilient to viral mutational escape. A bivalent decoy, CTC-445.2d, showed ∼10-fold improvement in binding. CTC-445.2d potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells in vitro, and a single intranasal prophylactic dose of decoy protected Syrian hamsters from a subsequent lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. © 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. AD - Neoleukin Therapeutics Inc., Seattle, WA, United States School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States AU - Linsky, T. W. AU - Vergara, R. AU - Codina, N. AU - Nelson, J. W. AU - Walker, M. J. AU - Su, W. AU - Barnes, C. O. AU - Hsiang, T. Y. AU - Esser-Nobis, K. AU - Yu, K. AU - Reneer, Z. B. AU - Hou, Y. J. AU - Priya, T. AU - Mitsumoto, M. AU - Pong, A. AU - Lau, U. Y. AU - Mason, M. L. AU - Chen, J. AU - Chen, A. AU - Berrocal, T. AU - Peng, H. AU - Clairmont, N. S. AU - Castellanos, J. AU - Lin, Y. R. AU - Josephson-Day, A. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Fuller, D. H. AU - Walkey, C. D. AU - Ross, T. M. AU - Swanson, R. AU - Bjorkman, P. J. AU - Gale, M. AU - Blancas-Mejia, L. M. AU - Yen, H. L. AU - Silva, D. A. C2 - 33154107 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/science.abe0075 IS - 6521 J2 - Sci. KW - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent ctc 445 2 ctc 445 2 d unclassified drug virus spike protein antivirus agent coronavirus spike glycoprotein protein binding recombinant protein spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus receptor cell component detection method enzyme enzyme activity pathogen protein severe acute respiratory syndrome virus amino acid substitution animal cell animal experiment animal model animal tissue Article Bagg albino mouse binding affinity Calu-3 cell line concentration (parameter) controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cross reaction cryoelectron microscopy drug binding site drug design drug potency drug protein binding drug receptor binding drug specificity embryo human human cell IC50 in vitro study infection prevention mouse nonhuman priority journal process optimization protein structure protein targeting Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 single drug dose Syrian hamster validation study Vero C1008 cell line virus mutation virus neutralization animal chemistry directed molecular evolution drug effect drug therapy hamster procedures protein domain protein engineering Mesocricetus auratus SARS coronavirus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Animals Antiviral Agents COVID-19 Cricetinae Protein Domains Receptors, Virus Recombinant Proteins SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SCIEA Correspondence Address: Silva, D.-A.; Neoleukin Therapeutics Inc.United States; email: dadriano@neoleukin.com Chemicals/CAS: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Antiviral Agents; Receptors, Virus; Recombinant Proteins; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Tradenames: ctc 445 2; ctc 445 2 d References: Gordon, D. E., (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 459-468; Liu, C., (2020) ACS Cent. Sci, 6, pp. 315-331; Chen, W.-H., Strych, U., Hotez, P. J., Bottazzi, M. E., (2020) Curr. Trop. Med. Rep, 7, pp. 1-4; Chan, K. K., (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1261-1265; Walter, J. D., bioRxiv 045419, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.045419, [Preprint]. 16 May 2020; Cao, L., (2020) Science, 370, pp. 426-431; Zhang, L., (2020) Science, 368, pp. 409-412; Smith, E. C., Denison, M. R., (2013) PLOS Pathog, 9, p. e1003760; Duffy, S., (2018) PLOS Biol, 16, p. e3000003; Zhao, Z., (2004) BMC Evol. Biol, 4, p. 21; Doud, M. B., Hensley, S. E., Bloom, J. D., (2017) PLOS Pathog, 13, p. e1006271; Phan, T., (2020) Infect. Genet. Evol, 81, p. 104260; Hu, J., bioRxiv, p. 161323. , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.20.161323, [Preprint]. 6 July 2020; Baum, A., (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1014-1018; Starr, T. N., (2020) Cell, 182, pp. P1295-P1310. , E20; ter Meulen, J., (2006) PLOS Med, 3, p. e237; Enjuanes, L., Zuñiga, S., Castano-Rodriguez, C., Gutierrez-Alvarez, J., Canton, J., Sola, I., (2016) Advances in Virus Research, 96, pp. 245-286. , J. Ziebuhr, Ed. (Elsevier); Belouzard, S., Chu, V. C., Whittaker, G. R., (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 106, pp. 5871-5876; Shang, J., (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 117, pp. 11727-11734; Millet, J. K., Whittaker, G. R., (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 111, pp. 15214-15219; Ou, X., (2020) Nat. Commun, 11, p. 1620; Song, Z., (2019) Viruses, 11, p. 59; Yan, R., (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1444-1448; Wang, Q., (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 894-904. , e9; Lan, J., (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220; Silva, D.-A., (2019) Nature, 565, pp. 186-191; Sesterhenn, F., (2020) Science, 368, p. eaay5051; Zhou, J., Panaitiu, A. E., Grigoryan, G., (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 117, pp. 1059-1068; Silva, D.-A., Correia, B. E., Procko, E., (2016) Computational Design of Ligand Binding Proteins, 1414, pp. 285-304. , B. L. Stoddard, Ed. (Humana); Quijano-Rubio, A., Ulge, U. Y., Walkey, C. D., Silva, D.-A., (2020) Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol, 56, pp. 119-128; Leaver-Fay, A., (2011) Methods Enzymol, 487, pp. 545-574; Marcos, E., Silva, D.-A., (2018) WIREs Comput Mol Sci, 8, p. e1374; Chevalier, A., (2017) Nature, 550, pp. 74-79; Whitehead, T. A., (2012) Nat. Biotechnol, 30, pp. 543-548; Hoffmann, M., (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280. , e8; Sungnak, W., (2020) Nat. Med, 26, pp. 681-687; Baker, M. P., Reynolds, H. M., Lumicisi, B., Bryson, C. J., (2010) Self Nonself, 1, pp. 314-322; Casadevall, N., (2002) N. Engl. J. Med, 346, pp. 469-475; Tovey, M. G., Lallemand, C., (2011) Ther. Adv. Drug Saf, 2, pp. 113-128; Li, J., (2001) Blood, 98, pp. 3241-3248; Ettinger, M. P., (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 1826-1832; Findeisen, M., (2019) Nature, 574, pp. 63-68; Gao, G., (2004) Blood, 103, pp. 3300-3302; Schellekens, H., Casadevall, N., (2004) J. Neurol, 251, pp. 114-119. , (suppl. 2); Mukovozov, I., Sabljic, T., Hortelano, G., Ofosu, F. A., (2008) Thromb. Haemost, 99, pp. 874-882; Sauerborn, M., Brinks, V., Jiskoot, W., Schellekens, H., (2010) Trends Pharmacol. Sci, 31, pp. 53-59; Alsoussi, W. B., (2020) J. Immunol, 205, pp. 915-922; Schoof, M., bioRxiv 238469, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.08.238469, [Preprint]. 17 August 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 00368075 (ISSN) SP - 1208-1214 ST - De novo design of potent and resilient hACE2 decoys to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 T2 - Science TI - De novo design of potent and resilient hACE2 decoys to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097210201&doi=10.1126%2fscience.abe0075&partnerID=40&md5=b8adbc27b730e00e8a1b394f60b7e3da VL - 370 ID - 246 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, CFAES, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Liu, S. L. AU - Saif, L. J. AU - Weiss, S. R. AU - Su, L. C2 - 32102621 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/22221751.2020.1733440 IS - 1 J2 - Emerg. Microbes Infect. KW - acute respiratory tract disease Betacoronavirus bioengineering bioinformatics China clinical laboratory epidemic gene mutation genome analysis government Human immunodeficiency virus intermediate host life threat Note pathogenesis priority journal public health SARS coronavirus SARS coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 single nucleotide polymorphism social media virus culture animal Coronavirus infection genetic engineering genetics human virus pneumonia COVID-19 Animals Coronavirus Infections Humans Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Liu, S.-L.; Center for Retrovirus Research, United States; email: Liu.6244@osu.edu Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 References: Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, , Feb 7; Chang, L.M., Wei, L., Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus infections involving 13 patients outside Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, , Feb 7; Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10223), pp. 507-513. , Jan 30; Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, , Feb 3; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (8), pp. 727-733. , Jan 24; Song, H.D., Tu, C.C., Zhang, G.W., Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 102 (7), pp. 2430-2435. , Feb 15; Menachery, V.D., Yount Jr, B.L., Debbink, K., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat Med, 21 (12), pp. 1508-1513. , Dec; Ge, X.Y., Li, J.L., Yang, X.L., Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor (2013) Nature, 503 (7477), pp. 535-538. , Nov 28; Roberts, A., Deming, D., Paddock, C.D., A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice (2007) PLoS Pathog, 3 (1), p. e5. , Jan; Li, F., Li, W., Farzan, M., Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor (2005) Science, 309 (5742), pp. 1864-1868. , Sep 16; Li, W., Moore, M.J., Vasilieva, N., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003) Nature, 426 (6965), pp. 450-454. , Nov 27; Guan, Y., Zheng, B.J., He, Y.Q., Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China (2003) Science, 302 (5643), pp. 276-278. , Oct 10; Demogines, A., Farzan, M., Sawyer, S.L., Evidence for ACE2-utilizing coronaviruses (CoVs) related to severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV in bats (2012) J Virol, 86 (11), pp. 6350-6353. , Jun; Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2020) Nature, , Feb 3; Xiao, C., Li, X., Liu, S., HIV-1 did not contribute to the 2019-nCoV genome (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9 (1), pp. 378-381. , Dec PY - 2020 SN - 22221751 (ISSN) SP - 505-507 ST - No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 T2 - Emerging Microbes and Infections TI - No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85080052300&doi=10.1080%2f22221751.2020.1733440&partnerID=40&md5=30a3548206d1b1d779d8f9934ed7e15e VL - 9 ID - 575 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The maker movement has been heralded as a place-based strategy to invigorate urban manufacturing—offering the millennial generation access to affordable, high-quality technologies and inclusive marketing platforms through which to design new products and get them into the hands of design-savvy consumers. Yet it also offers significant place-crossing opportunities that have been overlooked, namely, the potential for the production needs of urban-based makers to be a resource for shoring up manufacturing communities beyond the metropolis at growing risk of being left behind. We demonstrate this possibility through an in-depth case study of the Carolina Textile District (CTD), a novel value chain experiment that helps incumbent textile manufacturers in more remote legacy industrial regions connect with and lend support to a new generation of urban-based textile designers and entrepreneurs. We argue the CTD is an innovative distributive platform that transforms the shared vulnerability of urban makers and rural manufacturers into productive and opportunity-rich relationships, fortified by the millennial-maker ethos of forging high-road supply chains in support of social equity and environmental sustainability. As the maker movement gains traction within planning and policy circles, the CTD offers lessons for how to intensify and de-risk interdependencies between nonmetro and urban regions; between old and new manufacturing clusters; and, ultimately, between blue-collar communities and urban-oriented millennial youth. Conceptually, the case speaks to the need for economic geographers to be more attentive to place-connecting industrial strategies in their growing call for spatial equity. © 2020 Clark University. AD - Department of city andRegional Planning, University of NorthCarolina—Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 25799, United States Institute for Managementand Innovation and Graduate Department ofGeography and Planning, University of Toronto MississaugaON I L5L 1C6, Canada AU - Lowe, N. AU - Vinodrai, T. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/00130095.2020.1812381 IS - 4 J2 - Econ. Geogr. KW - coronavirus COVID-19 high-road supply chains makers manufacturing place-connecting strategies places left behind accessibility industrial district industrial location spatial analysis strategic approach urban region vulnerability United States LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Funding details: Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, SSHRC Funding text 1: We would like to thank the participants at the 2018 Urban Affairs Association annual conference for their feedback. The authors are grateful for funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Research assistance was provided by Colleen Durfee (UNC Chapel Hill) and Martin Holicka (University of Waterloo). We also thank Austin Amandolia, Sophie Kelmenson, Hilary Pollen, Greg Schrock, Meenu Tewari, Laura Wolf-Powers, and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful suggestions and comments. References: Amin, A., Cohendet, P., (2004) Architectures of knowledge: Firms, capabilities, and communities, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Andres, L., Bryson, J., Dynamics and city-region regeneration economies: Shaping the directions of a new research agenda (2018) A research agenda for regeneration economies: Reading city-regions, pp. 1-22. , Bryson J., Andres L., Mulhall R., (eds), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, and,. ed; Asheim, B.T., Gertler, M.S., The geography of innovation: Regional innovation systems (2005) The Oxford handbook of innovation, pp. 291-317. , Fagerberg J., Mowery D.C., Nelson R.R., (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press, and,. ed; Bair, J., Global capitalism and commodity chains: Looking back, going forward (2005) Competition and Change, 9 (2), pp. 153-180; Bair, J., Gereffi, G., Local clusters in global chains: The causes and consequences of export dynamism in Torreon’s blue jeans industry (2001) World Development, 29 (11), pp. 1885-1903; Balland, P.-A., Boschma, R., Frenken, K., Proximity and innovation: From statics to dynamics (2015) Regional Studies, 49 (6), pp. 907-920; Barca, F., McCann, P., Rodríguez-Pose, A., The case for regional development intervention: Place-based versus place-neutral approaches (2012) Journal of Regional Science, 52 (1), pp. 134-152; Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., Maskell, P., Clusters and knowledge: Local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation (2004) Progress in Human Geography, 28 (1), pp. 31-56; Benneworth, P., Charles, D., University spin-off policies and economic development in less successful regions: Learning from two decades of policy practice (2005) European Planning Studies, 13 (4), pp. 537-557; Boschma, R., Proximity and innovation: A critical assessment (2005) Regional Studies, 39 (1), pp. 61-74; Burawoy, M., The extended case method (1998) Sociological Theory, 16 (1), pp. 4-33; Chetty, R., Hendren, N., Kline, P., Saez, E., Turner, N., Is the United States still a land of opportunity? Recent trends in intergenerational mobility (2014) American Economic Review, 104 (5), pp. 141-147; Christopherson, S., Manufacturing: Up from the ashes (2009) Democracy, 14 (Fall). , https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/14/manufacturing-up-from-the-ashes/; Christopherson, S., Clark, J., (2007) Remaking regional economies: Power, labor, and firm strategies in the knowledge economy, , Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge; Clark, J., (2013) Working regions: Reconnecting innovation and production in the knowledge economy, , Oxfordshire, UK: Routledge; Clark, J., (2018) Regeneration economies: A research agenda: Governance, policy and regional development, pp. 126-139. , Bryson J., Andres L., Mulhall R., (eds), Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar,. A research agenda for regeneration economies: Reading city-regions, ed; Conway, P., When do firms downsize? (2004) Presented at Community-Based Adjustment to Textile Plant Closure and Downsizing, , http://pconway.web.unc.edu/files/2015/12/conway_downsize.pdf, April 8–9, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina; Doussard, M., Schrock, G., Wolf-Powers, L., Eisenburger, M., Marotta, S., Manufacturing without the firm: Challenges for the maker movement in three U.S. cities (2018) Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 50 (3), pp. 651-670; Durfee, C., (2017) The Carolina textile district: Repositioning and re-envisioning the domestic textile and apparel cluster, , Class paper, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina; Eisenburger, M., Doussard, M., Wolf-Powers, L., Schrock, G., Marotta, S., Industrial inheritances: Makers, relatedness and materiality in New York and Chicago (2019) Regional Studies, 53 (11), pp. 1625-1635. , and; Feldman, M., Lowe, N., Evidence-based economic development policy (2017) Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 11 (3-4), pp. 34-49; Fink, L., (2003) The Maya of Morganton: Work and community in the Nuevo New South, , Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press; Florida, R., (2005) Cities and the creative class, , New York: Routledge; Flyvbjerg, B., Five misunderstandings about case-study research (2006) Qualitative Inquiry, 12 (2), pp. 219-245; Forbes, A., A measure of interdependence: Skill in the supply chain (2018) Economic Development Quarterly, 32 (4), pp. 326-340; Fulton, W., Trump victory underscores the important role of cities as laboratories of democracy (2016) Perspective, , https://kinder.rice.edu/2016/11/09/trump-victory-underscores-the-important-role-of-cities-as-laboratories-of-democracy, blog), November 9, 2016; Gertler, M.S., ‘Being there’: Proximity, organization, and culture in the development and adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies (1995) Economic Geography, 71 (1), pp. 1-26; Gertler, M.S., Vinodrai, T., Learning from America? Knowledge flows and industrial practices of German firms in North America (2005) Economic Geography, 81 (1), pp. 31-52; Tacit knowledge and the economic geography of context, or the undefinable tacitness of being (there) (2003) Journal of Economic Geography, 3 (1), pp. 75-99. , ———; Glaeser, E., (2011) Triumph of the city, , London: Penguin Press; Glasmeier, A., Howland, M., Service-led rural development: Definitions, theories, and empirical evidence (1993) International Regional Science Review, 16 (1-2), pp. 197-229; Glasmeier, A.K., Leichenko, R.M., What does the future hold? What globalization might mean for the rural South (1999) Southern Rural Sociology, 15 (1), pp. 59-83. , https://egrove.olemiss.edu/jrss/vol15/iss1/4; Goldin, C.D., Katz, L.F., (2009) The race between education and technology, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Grodach, C., Urban cultural policy and creative city making (2017) Cities, 68 (August), pp. 82-91; Grodach, C., O’Connor, J., Gibson, C., Manufacturing and cultural production: Towards a progressive policy agenda for the cultural economy (2017) City, Culture and Society, 10 (September), pp. 17-25; Hackworth, J., Rightsizing as spatial austerity in the American Rust Belt (2015) Environment & Planning A, 47 (4), pp. 766-782; Hatch, C.J., Competitiveness by design: An institutionalist perspective on the resurgence of a “mature” industry in a high-wage economy (2013) Economic Geography, 89 (3), pp. 261-284; Helper, S., Gray, J., Osborn, B., (2020) Retool U.S. supply chains to address weaknesses exposed by new coronavirus, , https://equitablegrowth.org/retool-u-s-supply-chains-to-address-weaknesses-exposed-by-new-coronavirus/, Washington Center for Equitable Growth, March 10, 2020; Hemstreet, M., Chester, S., Castelloe, P., (2017) Rooting economic change: Harnessing industry knowledge, value chain networks, and worker ownership in manufacturing to bring real benefits to people and communities. Morganton, NC: Carolina Textile District.; Hendrickson, C., Muro, M., Galston, W.A., (2018) Countering the geography of discontent: Strategies for left behind places, , https://www.brookings.edu/research/countering-the-geography-of-discontent-strategies-for-left-behind-places/, Washington DC: Brookings Institute; Hochschild, A., The coders of Kentucky: A bipartisan effort to revitalize the heartland, one tech job at a time (2018) New York Times, , September 21, 2018; Hossfeld, L., Legerton, M., Keuster, G., The economic and social impact of job loss in Robeson County, North Carolina 1993–2003 (2004) Sociation Today, 6, p. (2). , http://www.ncsociology.org/sociationtoday/v62/hossfeld.htm; Hum, T., The hollowing-out of New York City’s industrial zones (2016) Metropolitics, , https://www.metropolitiques.eu/The-Hollowing-Out-of-New-York-City.html#:~:text=Its%202%C2%BD%E2%80%91mile%20waterfront%20was,employed%20more%20than%2020%2C000%20workers, February 16, 2016; Humphrey, J., Schmitz, H., Governance and upgrading: Linking industrial cluster and global value chain research (2000) Working Paper 120, , Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies; Iskander, N., Design thinking is fundamentally conservative and preserves the status quo (2018) Harvard Business Review, , https://hbr.org/2018/09/design-thinking-is-fundamentally-conservative-and-preserves-the-status-quo; Iskander, N., Lowe, N., Climate change and work: Politics and power (2020) Annual Review of Political Science, , 23 (2): 111–31; Isserman, A.M., In the national interest: Defining rural and urban correctly in research and public policy (2005) International Regional Science Review, 28 (4), pp. 465-499; Isserman, A.M., Feser, E., Warren, D.E., Why some rural places prosper and others do not (2009) International Regional Science Review, 32 (3), pp. 300-342; Jakob, D., Crafting your way out of the recession? New craft entrepreneurs and the global economic downturn (2013) Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 6 (1), pp. 127-140; Lang, T., Shrinkage, metropolization and peripheralization in East Germany (2012) European Planning Studies, 20 (10), pp. 1747-1754; Lazonick, W., Mazzucato, M., The risk-reward nexus in the innovation-inequality relationship: Who takes the risks? Who gets the rewards? (2013) Industrial and Corporate Change, 22 (4), pp. 1093-1128; Lowe, N., Feldman, M., Breaking the waves: Innovating at the intersections of economic development (2018) Economic Development Quarterly, 32 (3), pp. 183-194; Lowe, N.J., Challenging tradition: Unlocking new paths to regional industrial upgrading (2009) Environment & Planning A, 41 (1), pp. 128-145; Lyson, T.A., Falk, W.W., (1993) Forgotten places: Uneven development in rural America, , Rural America Series, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas; Moretti, E., (2012) The new geography of jobs, , New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; Morgan, K., The learning region: Institutions, innovation and regional renewal (1997) Regional Studies, 31 (5), pp. 491-503; Nathan, D., Tewari, M., Sarkar, S., (2019) Development with global value chains: Upgrading and innovation in Asia, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; Nelson, M., Ehrenfeucht, R., Moving on up: Observations on adaptive migration in South Louisiana (2018) Paper presented at the Association of the Collegiate Schools of Planning, , October 25–28, Buffalo, NY; Peck, J., (2017) Offshore: Exploring the worlds of global outsourcing, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; Perrin, A., The invention of the “white working class (2018) Public Books, , https://www.publicbooks.org/the-invention-of-the-white-working-class/, January 30,. 2018; Pike, A., Dawley, S., Tomaney, J., Resilience, adaptation and adaptability (2010) Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3 (1), pp. 59-70; Pike, A., Rodríguez-Pose, A., Tomaney, J., (2016) Local and regional development, , New York: Routledge; Piketty, T., (2014) Capital in the twenty first century, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Raffaelli, R., Technology reemergence: Creating new value for old technologies in Swiss mechanical watchmaking, 1970–2008 (2018) Administrative Science Quarterly, 64 (3), pp. 576-618; Robertson, C., They were promised coding jobs in Appalachia. Now they say it was a fraud (2019) New York Times, , May 12, 2019; Rodríguez-Pose, A., (2018) The revenge of the places that don’t matter, , London: Vox CEPR Policy Portal; Rodríguez-Pose, A., The revenge of the places that don’t matter (and what to do about it) (2018) Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 11 (1), pp. 189-209; Schrock, G., Wolf-Powers, L., Opportunities and risks of localised industrial policy: The case of ‘maker-entrepreneurial ecosystems’ in the USA (2019) Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 12 (3), pp. 369-384; Spicer, J.S., Electoral systems, regional resentment and the surprising success of Anglo-American populism (2018) Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 11 (1), pp. 115-141; Spicer, J.S., Storper, M., The policies of regional resentment: Economic globalization and the emergence of US electoral regions (2019) Paper presented at the American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting, , April 3–7, Washington DC; Storper, M., Separate worlds? Explaining the current wave of regional economic polarization (2018) Journal of Economic Geography, 18 (2), pp. 247-270; Tewari, M., Successful adjustment in Indian industry: The case of Ludhiana’s Woolen Knitwear cluster (1999) World Development, 27 (9), pp. 1651-1671; Tewari, M., Kelmenson, S., Guinn, A., Cumming, G., Colloredo-Mansfeld, R., Mission-driven intermediaries as anchors of the middle ground in the American food system: Evidence from Warrenton, NC (2018) Culture, Agriculture, Food and Environment, 40 (2), pp. 114-123; Tewari, M., Kelmenson, S., Guinn, A., Cumming, G., Colloredo-Mansfeld, R., Adjustment in India’s textile and apparel industry: Reworking historic legacies in a post-MFA World (2006) Environment & Planning A, 38 (12), pp. 2325-2344; Tewari, M., Kelmenson, S., Guinn, A., Cumming, G., Colloredo-Mansfeld, R., Learning sequences in lower tiers of India’s automotive value chain (2019) Development with global value chains: Upgrading and innovation in Asia, pp. 132-156. , Nathan D., Tewari M., Sarkar S., (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,. ed; Tödtling, F., Trippl, M., One size fits all?: Towards a differentiated regional innovation policy approach (2005) Research Policy, 34 (8), pp. 1203-1219; Torre, A., Wallet, F., (2014) Regional development and proximity relations, , Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar; Treado, C.D., Pittsburgh’s evolving steel legacy and the steel technology cluster (2009) Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3 (1), pp. 105-120; Vinodrai, T., Designed here, made there? Project-based design work in Toronto, Canada (2010) Industrial design, competition and globalization, pp. 117-140. , Rusten G., Bryson J., (eds), Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan,. ed; Vinodrai, T., Planning for ‘cool’: Millennials and the innovation economy of cities (2018) The muillennial city: Trends, implications, and prospects for urban planning and policy, pp. 27-38. , Moos M., Pfeiffer D., Vinodrai T., (eds), New York: Routledge,. ed; Willis, R., The reports of my demise are greatly exaggerated: Textiles in North March. Carolina (2005) Paper presented at the UNC Conference on the Global South, March, , Chapel Hill, NC; Wolf-Powers, L., The maker movement and the new manufacturing policy (2017) Conference Paper presented at the Association of American Geographers Annual Meeting, , April 5–9, Boston, MA; Wolf-Powers, L., Doussard, M., Schrock, G., Heying, C., Eisenburger, M., Marotta, S., The maker movement and urban economic development (2017) Journal of the American Planning Association, 83 (4), pp. 365-376; Ziliak, J., Restoring economic opportunity for “the people left behind”: Employment strategies for rural America (2019) Expanding economic opportunity for more Americans, pp. 100-128. , https://assets.aspeninstitute.org/content/uploads/2019/01/ESG_Report_Expanding-Economic-Opportunity-for-More-Americans.pdf?_ga=2.52920235.269237783.1598711883-2039837001.1598711883, Kearney M., Ganz A., (eds), Washington DC: Aspen Institute Economic Strategy Group,. ed PY - 2020 SN - 00130095 (ISSN) SP - 315-335 ST - The Maker-Manufacturing Nexus as a Place-Connecting Strategy: Implications for Regions Left Behind T2 - Economic Geography TI - The Maker-Manufacturing Nexus as a Place-Connecting Strategy: Implications for Regions Left Behind UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091888718&doi=10.1080%2f00130095.2020.1812381&partnerID=40&md5=78390469d5693f16c2ce6a85b8389d71 VL - 96 ID - 412 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The world is amid a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus causes serious respiratory tract infections that can lead to viral pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an activated coagulation system characterized by elevated plasma levels of d-dimer - a biomarker of fibrin degradation. Importantly, high levels of D-dimer on hospital admission are associated with increased risk of mortality. Venous thromboembolism is more common than arterial thromboembolism in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Pulmonary thrombosis and microvascular thrombosis are observed in autopsy studies, and this may contribute to the severe hypoxia observed in COVID-19 patients. It is likely that multiple systems contribute to thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, such as activation of coagulation, platelet activation, hypofibrinolysis, endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps, and complement. Targeting these different pathways may reduce thrombosis and improve lung function in COVID-19 patients. Copyright © 2020 by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. AD - Department of Medicine, Unc Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - MacKman, N. AU - Antoniak, S. AU - Wolberg, A. S. AU - Kasthuri, R. AU - Key, N. S. C2 - 32657623 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314514 J2 - Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. KW - coronavirus fibrin orthomyxoviridae pandemics thrombosis Betacoronavirus blood blood clotting blood clotting disorder complication Coronavirus infection human pandemic virus pneumonia Blood Coagulation Blood Coagulation Disorders Coronavirus Infections Humans Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :24 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ATVBF Correspondence Address: Mackman, N.; Division of Hematology, 116 Manning Dr, 8004B Mary Ellen Jones Bldg, CB 7035, United States; email: nmackman@med.unc.edu References: Taubenberger, J.K., Morens, D.M., The 1918 influenza pandemic and its legacy (2019) Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med., p. a038695; Donaldson, L.J., Rutter, P.D., Ellis, B.M., Greaves, F.E., Mytton, O.T., Pebody, R.G., Yardley, I.E., Mortality from pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza in England: Public health surveillance study (2009) Bmj, 339, p. b5213; Tundup, S., Kandasamy, M., Perez, J.T., Mena, N., Steel, J., Nagy, T., Albrecht, R.A., Manicassamy, B., Endothelial cell tropism is a determinant of H5N1 pathogenesis in mammalian species (2017) PLoS Pathog., 13, p. 1006270; Ksiazek, T.G., Erdman, D., Goldsmith, C.S., Zaki, S.R., Peret, T., Emery, S., Tong, S., Lim, W., A novel coronavirus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) N Engl J Med., 348, pp. 1953-1966. , SARS Working Group; Kuiken, T., Fouchier, R.A., Schutten, M., Rimmelzwaan, G.F., Van Amerongen, G., Van Riel, D., Laman, J.D., Lim, W., Newly discovered coronavirus as the primary cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) Lancet., 362, pp. 263-270; Drosten, C., Günther, S., Preiser, W., Van Der Werf, S., Brodt, H.R., Becker, S., Rabenau, H., Fouchier, R.A., Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) N Engl J Med., 348, pp. 1967-1976; De Groot, R.J., Baker, S.C., Baric, R.S., Brown, C.S., Drosten, C., Enjuanes, L., Fouchier, R.A., Memish, Z.A., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): Announcement of the Coronavirus Study Group (2013) J Virol., 87, pp. 7790-7792; Zaki, A.M., Van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T.M., Osterhaus, A.D., Fouchier, R.A., Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia (2012) N Engl J Med., 367, pp. 1814-1820; Azhar, E.I., Hui, D.S.C., Memish, Z.A., Drosten, C., Zumla, A., The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) (2019) Infect Dis Clin North Am., 33, pp. 891-905; Wagner, R., Matrosovich, M., Klenk, H.D., Functional balance between haemagglutinin and neuraminidase in influenza virus infections (2002) Rev Med Virol., 12, pp. 159-166; Steinhauer, D.A., Role of hemagglutinin cleavage for the pathogenicity of influenza virus (1999) Virology., 258, pp. 1-20; Reinke, L.M., Spiegel, M., Plegge, T., Hartleib, A., Nehlmeier, I., Gierer, S., Hoffmann, M., Pöhlmann, S., Different residues in the SARS-CoV spike protein determine cleavage and activation by the host cell protease TMPRSS2 (2017) PLoS One., 12, p. 0179177; Ou, X., Liu, Y., Lei, X., Li, P., Mi, D., Ren, L., Guo, L., Hu, J., Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV (2020) Nat Commun., 11, p. 1620; Luo, M., Influenza virus entry (2012) Adv Exp Med Biol., 726, pp. 201-221; Singh, S.K., Middle east respiratory syndrome virus pathogenesis (2016) Semin Respir Crit Care Med., 37, pp. 572-577; Li, W., Moore, M.J., Vasilieva, N., Sui, J., Wong, S.K., Berne, M.A., Somasundaran, M., Greenough, T.C., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003) Nature., 426, pp. 450-454; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T.S., Nitsche, A., SARS-CoV-2 Cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell., 181, pp. 271e8-280e8; Gheblawi, M., Wang, K., Viveiros, A., Nguyen, Q., Zhong, J.C., Turner, A.J., Raizada, M.K., Oudit, G.Y., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: SARSCoV-2 receptor and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system: Celebrating the 20th anniversary of the discovery of ACE2 (2020) Circ Res., 126, pp. 1456-1474; Wu, A., Peng, Y., Huang, B., Ding, X., Wang, X., Niu, P., Meng, J., Wang, J., Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China (2020) Cell Host Microbe., 27, pp. 325-328; Lukassen, S., Chua, R.L., Trefzer, T., Kahn, N.C., Schneider, M.A., Muley, T., Winter, H., Boots, A.W., SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells (2020) Embo J., 39, p. 105114; Ackermann, M., Verleden, S.E., Kuehnel, M., Haverich, A., Welte, T., Laenger, F., Vanstapel, A., Tzankov, A., Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in COVID-19 (2020) N Eng J Med., 383, pp. 120-128; Vickers, C., Hales, P., Kaushik, V., Dick, L., Gavin, J., Tang, J., Godbout, K., Hsieh, F., Hydrolysis of biological peptides by human angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (2002) J Biol Chem., 277, pp. 14838-14843; Zhu, J., Ji, P., Pang, J., Zhong, Z., Li, H., He, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, C., Clinical characteristics of 3,062 COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis (2020) J Med Virol, , [published online April 15; Obi, A.T., Tignanelli, C.J., Jacobs, B.N., Arya, S., Park, P.K., Wakefield, T.W., Henke, P.K., Napolitano, L.M., Empirical systemic anticoagulation is associated with decreased venous thromboembolism in critically ill influenza A H1N1 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients (2019) J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord., 7, pp. 317-324; Nguyen, T., Kyle, U.G., Jaimon, N., Tcharmtchi, M.H., Coss-Bu, J.A., Lam, F., Teruya, J., Loftis, L., Coinfection with Staphylococcus aureus increases risk of severe coagulopathy in critically ill children with influenza A (H1N1) virus infection (2012) Crit Care Med., 40, pp. 3246-3250; Fan, E., Brodie, D., Slutsky, A.S., Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Advances in diagnosis and treatment (2018) JAMA., 319, pp. 698-710; Fanelli, V., Ranieri, V.M., Mechanisms and clinical consequences of acute lung injury (2015) Ann Am Thorac Soc., 12, pp. S3-S8; Fan, E., Del Sorbo, L., Goligher, E.C., Hodgson, C.L., Munshi, L., Walkey, A.J., Adhikari, N.K.J., Brower, R.G., An official American Thoracic Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/Society of Critical Care Medicine clinical practice guideline: Mechanical ventilation in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2017) Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 195, pp. 1253-1263. , American Thoracic Society, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and Society of Critical Care Medicine; Brower, R.G., Matthay, M.A., Morris, A., Schoenfeld, D., Thompson, B.T., Wheeler, A., Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (2000) N Engl J Med., 342, pp. 1301-1308. , Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network; Lew, T.W., Kwek, T.K., Tai, D., Earnest, A., Loo, S., Singh, K., Kwan, K.M., Bek, S.L., Acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) JAMA., 290, pp. 374-380; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Crawford, J.M., McGinn, T., Davidson, K.W., Barnaby, D.P., Cohen, S.L., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area (2020) JAMA., 323, pp. 2052-2059. , the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium; Gattinoni, L., Coppola, S., Cressoni, M., Busana, M., Rossi, S., Chiumello, D., COVID-19 does not lead to a "typical" acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med., 201, pp. 1299-1300; Magro, C., Mulvey, J.J., Berlin, D., Nuovo, G., Salvatore, S., Harp, J., Baxter-Stoltzfus, A., Laurence, J., Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases (2020) Transl Res., 220, pp. 1-13; Takeuchi, O., Akira, S., Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation (2010) Cell., 140, pp. 805-820; Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, A., Gödel, P., Subklewe, M., Stemmler, H.J., Schlößer, H.A., Schlaak, M., Kochanek, M., Von Bergwelt-Baildon, M.S., Cytokine release syndrome (2018) J Immunother Cancer., 6, p. 56; Teijaro, J.R., Cytokine storms in infectious diseases (2017) Semin Immunopathol., 39, pp. 501-503; Tanaka, T., Narazaki, M., Kishimoto, T., Immunotherapeutic implications of IL-6 blockade for cytokine storm (2016) Immunotherapy., 8, pp. 959-970; Channappanavar, R., Perlman, S., Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: Causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology (2017) Semin Immunopathol., 39, pp. 529-539; Guo, X.J., Thomas, P.G., New fronts emerge in the influenza cytokine storm (2017) Semin Immunopathol., 39, pp. 541-550; Davey, R.T., Jr., Lynfield, R., Dwyer, D.E., Losso, M.H., Cozzi-Lepri, A., Wentworth, D., Lane, H.C., Metcalf, J.A., The association between serum biomarkers and disease outcome in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection: Results of two international observational cohort studies (2013) PLoS One., 8, p. 57121. , INSIGHT FLU 002 &003 Study Groups; Rondina, M.T., Brewster, B., Grissom, C.K., Zimmerman, G.A., Kastendieck, D.H., Harris, E.S., Weyrich, A.S., In vivo platelet activation in critically ill patients with primary 2009 influenza A(H1N1) (2012) Chest., 141, pp. 1490-1495; Merad, M., Martin, J.C., Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: A key role for monocytes and macrophages (2020) Nat Rev Immunol., 20, pp. 355-362; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Gu, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet., 395, pp. 497-506; Chen, G., Wu, D., Guo, W., Cao, Y., Huang, D., Wang, H., Wang, T., Yu, H., Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J Clin Invest., 130, pp. 2620-2629; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiong, Y., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA., 323, pp. 1061-1069; Chen, T., Wu, D., Chen, H., Yan, W., Yang, D., Chen, G., Ma, K., Wang, H., Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective study (2020) BMJ., 368, p. m1091; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Gu, X., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet., 395, pp. 1054-1062; Rondina, M.T., Tatsumi, K., Bastarache, J.A., Mackman, N., Microvesicle tissue factor activity and interleukin-8 levels are associated with mortality in patients with influenza A/H1N1 infection (2016) Crit Care Med., 44, pp. 574-578; Alattar, R., Ibrahim, T.B.H., Shaar, S.H., Abdalla, S., Shukri, K., Daghfal, J.N., Khatib, M.Y., Alsoub, H.A., Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J Med Virol, , [published online May 5; Xu, X., Han, M., Li, T., Sun, W., Wang, D., Fu, B., Zhou, Y., Li, X., Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA., 117, pp. 10970-10975; Cook, D.J., Crowther, M.A., Thromboprophylaxis in the intensive care unit: Focus on medical-surgical patients (2010) Crit Care Med., 38, pp. S76-S82; Bunce, P.E., High, S.M., Nadjafi, M., Stanley, K., Liles, W.C., Christian, M.D., Pandemic H1N1 influenza infection and vascular thrombosis (2011) Clin Infect Dis., 52, pp. 14-17; Giannis, D., Ziogas, I.A., Gianni, P., Coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and lessons from the past (2020) J Clin Virol., 127, p. 104362; Umapathi, T., Kor, A.C., Venketasubramanian, N., Lim, C.C., Pang, B.C., Yeo, T.T., Lee, C.C., Chuah, K.L., Large artery ischaemic stroke in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (2004) J Neurol., 251, pp. 1227-1231; Cui, S., Chen, S., Li, X., Liu, S., Wang, F., Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1421-1424; Demelo-Rodríguez, P., Cervilla-Muñoz, E., Ordieres-Ortega, L., Parra-Virto, A., Toledano-Macías, M., Toledo-Samaniego, N., García-García, A., De-Miguel-Diez, J., Incidence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated D-dimer levels (2020) Thromb Res., 192, pp. 23-26; Klok, F.A., Kruip, M.J.H.A., Van Der Meer, N.J.M., Arbous, M.S., Gommers, D., Kant, K.M., Kaptein, F.H.J., Huisman, M.V., Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: An updated analysis (2020) Thromb Res., 191, pp. 148-150; Poissy, J., Goutay, J., Caplan, M., Parmentier, E., Duburcq, T., Lassalle, F., Jeanpierre, E., Susen, S., Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: Awareness of an increased prevalence (2020) Circulation, , Lille ICU Haemostasis COVID-19 Group. [published online April 24; Llitjos, J.F., Leclerc, M., Chochois, C., Monsallier, J.M., Ramakers, M., Auvray, M., Merouani, K., High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1743-1746; Helms, J., Tacquard, C., Severac, F., Leonard-Lorant, I., Ohana, M., Delabranche, X., Merdji, H., Fagot Gandet, F., High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multicenter prospective cohort study (2020) Intensive Care Med., 46, pp. 1089-1098. , CRICS TRIGGERSEP Group (Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis Trial Group for Global Evaluation and Research in Sepsis); Middeldorp, S., Coppens, M., Van Haaps, T.F., Foppen, M., Vlaar, A.P., Muller, M.C.A., Bouman, C.C.S., Heijmans, J., Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost, , [published online May 5; Al-Samkari, H., Karp Leaf, R.S., Dzik, W.H., Carlson, J.C., Fogerty, A.E., Waheed, A., Goodarzi, K., Gupta, S., COVID and coagulation: Bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV2 infection (2020) Blood, , [published online June 3; Cattaneo, M., Bertinato, E.M., Birocchi, S., Brizio, C., Malavolta, D., Manzoni, M., Muscarella, G., Orlandi, M., Pulmonary embolism or pulmonary thrombosis in COVID-19? Is the recommendation to use high-dose heparin for thromboprophylaxis justified? (2020) Thromb Haemost, , [published online April 29; Zhang, L., Yan, X., Fan, Q., Liu, H., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Zhang, Z., D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1324-1329; Mei, F., Fan, J., Yuan, J., Liang, Z., Wang, K., Sun, J., Guan, W., Zhang, W.W., Comparison of venous thromboembolism risks between COVID-19 pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia patients (2020) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 40, pp. 2332-2337; Chong, P.Y., Chui, P., Ling, A.E., Franks, T.J., Tai, D.Y., Leo, Y.S., Kaw, G.J., Ean Oon, L.L., Analysis of deaths during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Singapore: Challenges in determining a SARS diagnosis (2004) Arch Pathol Lab Med., 128, pp. 195-204; Nicholls, J.M., Poon, L.L., Lee, K.C., Ng, W.F., Lai, S.T., Leung, C.Y., Chu, C.M., Lim, W., Lung pathology of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) Lancet., 361, pp. 1773-1778; Ding, Y., Wang, H., Shen, H., Li, Z., Geng, J., Han, H., Cai, J., Weng, D., The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): A report from China (2003) J Pathol., 200, pp. 282-289; Tian, S., Hu, W., Niu, L., Liu, H., Xu, H., Xiao, S.Y., Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer (2020) J Thorac Oncol., 15, pp. 700-704; Fox, S.E., Akmatbekov, A., Harbert, J.L., Li, G., Brown, J.Q., Vander Heide, R.S., Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: An autopsy series from New Orleans (2020) Lancet Respir Med., 8, pp. 681-686; Li, G., Fox, S.E., Summa, B., Hu, B., Wenk, C., Akmatbekov, A., Harbert, J.L., Brown, J.Q., Multiscale 3-dimensional pathology findings of COVID-19 diseased lung using high-resolution cleared tissue microscopy (2020) Biorxiv; Wichmann, D., Sperhake, J.P., Lutgehetmann, M., Steurer, S., Edler, C., Heinemann, A., Heinrich, F., Schroder, A.S., Autopsy findings and venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Ann Intern Med, , [published online May 6; Antoniak, S., The coagulation system in host defense (2018) Res Pract Thromb Haemost., 2, pp. 549-557; Antoniak, S., Mackman, N., Multiple roles of the coagulation protease cascade during virus infection (2014) Blood., 123, pp. 2605-2613; Taylor, F.B., Jr., Toh, C.H., Hoots, W.K., Wada, H., Levi, M., Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation (2001) Thromb Haemost., 86, pp. 1327-1330. , Scientific Subcommittee on Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH); Iba, T., Levy, J.H., Warkentin, T.E., Thachil, J., Van Der Poll, T., Levi, M., Diagnosis and management of sepsis-induced coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation (2019) J Thromb Haemost., 17, pp. 1989-1994. , Scientific and Standardization Committee on DIC, and the Scientific and Standardization Committee on Perioperative and Critical Care of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis; Kiliç, H., Kanbay, A., Karalezli, A., Hasanoglu, H.C., Ates, C., Clinical characteristics of 75 pandemic H1N1 influenza patients from Turkey; Risk factors for fatality (2015) Turk J Med Sci., 45, pp. 562-567; Wang, Z.F., Su, F., Lin, X.J., Dai, B., Kong, L.F., Zhao, H.W., Kang, J., Serum D-dimer changes and prognostic implication in 2009 novel influenza A(H1N1) (2011) Thromb Res., 127, pp. 198-201; Lee, N., Hui, D., Wu, A., Chan, P., Cameron, P., Joynt, G.M., Ahuja, A., To, K.F., A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong (2003) N Engl J Med., 348, pp. 1986-1994; Tang, N., Li, D., Wang, X., Sun, Z., Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 844-847; Ranucci, M., Ballotta, A., Di Dedda, U., Bayshnikova, E., Dei Poli, M., Resta, M., Falco, M., Menicanti, L., The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1747-1751; Panigada, M., Bottino, N., Tagliabue, P., Grasselli, G., Novembrino, C., Chantarangkul, V., Pesenti, A., Tripodi, A., Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1738-1742; Gris, J.C., Quere, I., Perez-Martin, A., Lefrant, J.Y., Sotto, A., Uncertainties on the prognostic value of D-dimers in COVID-19 patients (2020) J Thromb Haemost, , [published online April 28; Wong, R.S., Wu, A., To, K.F., Lee, N., Lam, C.W., Wong, C.K., Chan, P.K., Hui, D.S., Haematological manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: Retrospective analysis (2003) BMJ., 326, pp. 1358-1362; Drosten, C., Is MERS another SARS? (2013) Lancet Infect Dis., 13, pp. 727-728; Al-Abdallat, M.M., Payne, D.C., Alqasrawi, S., Rha, B., Tohme, R.A., Abedi, G.R., Al Nsour, M., Farag, N.H., Hospital-associated outbreak of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: A serologic, epidemiologic, and clinical description (2014) Clin Infect Dis., 59, pp. 1225-1233. , Jordan MERS-CoV Investigation Team; Van Den Brand, J.M., Smits, S.L., Haagmans, B.L., Pathogenesis of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2015) J Pathol., 235, pp. 175-184; Hwang, S.M., Na, B.J., Jung, Y., Lim, H.S., Seo, J.E., Park, S.A., Cho, Y.S., Kim, S.R., Clinical and laboratory findings of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2019) Jpn J Infect Dis., 72, pp. 160-167; Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wei, Y., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study (2020) Lancet., 395, pp. 507-513; Gralinski, L.E., Bankhead, I.I.I.A., Jeng, S., Menachery, V.D., Proll, S., Belisle, S.E., Matzke, M., Shukla, A.K., Mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced acute lung injury (2013) MBio., 4, pp. 00271-00313; Antoniak, S., Tatsumi, K., Hisada, Y., Milner, J.J., Neidich, S.D., Shaver, C.M., Pawlinski, R., Mackman, N., Tissue factor deficiency increases alveolar hemorrhage and death in influenza A virus-infected mice (2016) J Thromb Haemost., 14, pp. 1238-1248; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Leist, S.R., Schäfer, A., Won, J., Brown, A.J., Montgomery, S.A., Clarke, M.O., Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV (2020) Nat Commun., 11, p. 222; De Albuquerque, N., Baig, E., Ma, X., Zhang, J., He, W., Rowe, A., Habal, M., Downey, G.P., Murine hepatitis virus strain 1 produces a clinically relevant model of severe acute respiratory syndrome in A/J mice (2006) J Virol., 80, pp. 10382-10394; Li, K., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Perlman, S., Zhao, J., Jewell, A.K., Reznikov, L.R., Gibson-Corley, K.N., McCray, P.B., Jr., Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (2016) J Infect Dis., 213, pp. 712-722; Levi, M., Thachil, J., Iba, T., Levy, J.H., Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Haematol., 7, pp. 438-440; Bikdeli, B., Madhavan, M.V., Jimenez, D., Chuich, T., Dreyfus, I., Driggin, E., Nigoghossian, C., Guo, Y., COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: Implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-The-art review (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol., 75, pp. 2950-2973. , Global COVID-19 Thrombosis Collaborative Group, Endorsed by the ISTH, NATF, ESVM, and the IUA, Supported by the ESC Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function; Becker, R.C., COVID-19 update: COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (2020) J Thromb Thrombolysis., 50, pp. 54-67; Connors, J.M., Levy, J.H., COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation (2020) Blood., 135, pp. 2033-2040; Bikdeli, B., Madhavan, M.V., Gupta, A., Jimenez, D., Burton, J.R., Der Nigoghossian, C., Chuich, T., Driggin, E., Pharmacological agents targeting thromboinflammation in COVID-19: Review and implications for future research (2020) Thromb Haemost, , Global COVID-19 Thrombosis Collaborative Group. [published online May 30; Grover, S.P., Mackman, N., Tissue factor: An essential mediator of hemostasis and trigger of thrombosis (2018) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 38, pp. 709-725; Welty-Wolf, K.E., Carraway, M.S., Ortel, T.L., Piantadosi, C.A., Coagulation and inflammation in acute lung injury (2002) Thromb Haemost., 88, pp. 17-25; Welty-Wolf, K.E., Carraway, M.S., Idell, S., Ortel, T.L., Ezban, M., Piantadosi, C.A., Tissue factor in experimental acute lung injury (2001) Semin Hematol., 38 (4), pp. 35-38; Sebag, S.C., Bastarache, J.A., Ware, L.B., Therapeutic modulation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (2011) Curr Pharm Biotechnol., 12, pp. 1481-1496; Idell, S., Gonzalez, K., Bradford, H., MacArthur, C.K., Fein, A.M., Maunder, R.J., Garcia, J.G., Martin, T.R., Procoagulant activity in bronchoalveolar lavage in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (1987) Contribution of Tissue Factor Associated with Factor VII. Am Rev Respir Dis., 136, pp. 1466-1474; Bastarache, J.A., Wang, L., Geiser, T., Wang, Z., Albertine, K.H., Matthay, M.A., Ware, L.B., The alveolar epithelium can initiate the extrinsic coagulation cascade through expression of tissue factor (2007) Thorax., 62, pp. 608-616; Shibamiya, A., Hersemeyer, K., Schmidt Wöll, T., Sedding, D., Daniel, J.M., Bauer, S., Koyama, T., Kanse, S.M., A key role for toll-like receptor-3 in disrupting the hemostasis balance on endothelial cells (2009) Blood., 113, pp. 714-722; Beutler, B.A., TLRs and innate immunity (2009) Blood., 113, pp. 1399-1407; Totura, A.L., Whitmore, A., Agnihothram, S., Schäfer, A., Katze, M.G., Heise, M.T., Baric, R.S., Toll-like receptor 3 signaling via TRIF contributes to a protective innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2015) MBio., 6, pp. 00615-00638; Neumann, F.J., Ott, I., Marx, N., Luther, T., Kenngott, S., Gawaz, M., Kotzsch, M., Schömig, A., Effect of human recombinant interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 on monocyte procoagulant activity (1997) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 17, pp. 3399-3405; Szotowski, B., Antoniak, S., Poller, W., Schultheiss, H.P., Rauch, U., Procoagulant soluble tissue factor is released from endothelial cells in response to inflammatory cytokines (2005) Circ Res., 96, pp. 1233-1239; Parry, G.C., Mackman, N., Transcriptional regulation of tissue factor expression in human endothelial cells (1995) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 15, pp. 612-621; Dechend, R., Homuth, V., Wallukat, G., Kreuzer, J., Park, J.K., Theuer, J., Juepner, A., Haller, H., AT(1) receptor agonistic antibodies from preeclamptic patients cause vascular cells to express tissue factor (2000) Circulation., 101, pp. 2382-2387; Müller, D.N., Mervaala, E.M., Dechend, R., Fiebeler, A., Park, J.K., Schmidt, F., Theuer, J., Luther, T., Angiotensin II (AT(1)) receptor blockade reduces vascular tissue factor in angiotensin II-induced cardiac vasculopathy (2000) Am J Pathol., 157, pp. 111-122; Key, N.S., Vercellotti, G.M., Winkelmann, J.C., Moldow, C.F., Goodman, J.L., Esmon, N.L., Esmon, C.T., Jacob, H.S., Infection of vascular endothelial cells with herpes simplex virus enhances tissue factor activity and reduces thrombomodulin expression (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA., 87, pp. 7095-7099; Tatsumi, K., Antoniak, S., Subramaniam, S., Gondouin, B., Neidich, S.D., Beck, M.A., Mickelson, J., Mackman, N., Anticoagulation increases alveolar hemorrhage in mice infected with influenza A (2016) Physiol Rep., 4, p. 13071; Bautista-Vargas, M., Bonilla-Abadia, F., Canas, C.A., Potential role for tissue factor in the pathogenesis of hypercoagulability associated with in COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Thrombolysis, , [published online June 9; DiNicolantonio, J.J., McCarty, M., Thrombotic complications of COVID-19 may reflect an upregulation of endothelial tissue factor expression that is contingent on activation of endosomal NADPH oxidase (2020) Open Heart., 7, p. 001337; Gailani, D., Renné, T., The intrinsic pathway of coagulation: A target for treating thromboembolic disease? (2007) J Thromb Haemost., 5, pp. 1106-1112; Schmaier, A.H., The kallikrein-kinin and the renin-angiotensin systems have a multilayered interaction (2003) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol., 285, pp. 1-13; Pixley, R.A., De La Cadena, R., Page, J.D., Kaufman, N., Wyshock, E.G., Chang, A., Taylor, F.B., Jr., Colman, R.W., The contact system contributes to hypotension but not disseminated intravascular coagulation in lethal bacteremia in vivo use of a monoclonal anti-factor XII antibody to block contact activation in baboons (1993) J Clin Invest., 91, pp. 61-68; Jansen, P.M., Pixley, R.A., Brouwer, M., De Jong, I.W., Chang, A.C., Hack, C.E., Taylor, F.B., Jr., Colman, R.W., Inhibition of factor XII in septic baboons attenuates the activation of complement and fibrinolytic systems and reduces the release of interleukin-6 and neutrophil elastase (1996) Blood., 87, pp. 2337-2344; Silasi, R., Keshari, R.S., Lupu, C., Van Rensburg, W.J., Chaaban, H., Regmi, G., Shamanaev, A., Lorentz, C.U., Inhibition of contactmediated activation of factor XI protects baboons against S aureusinduced organ damage and death (2019) Blood Adv., 3, pp. 658-669; Björkqvist, J., De Maat, S., Lewandrowski, U., Di Gennaro, A., Oschatz, C., Schönig, K., Nöthen, M.M., Nolte, M.W., Defective glycosylation of coagulation factor XII underlies hereditary angioedema type III (2015) J Clin Invest., 125, pp. 3132-3146; Van De Veerdonk, F.L., Netea, M.G., Van Deuren, M., Van Der Meer, J.W., De Mast, Q., Bruggemann, R.J., Van Der Hoeven, H., Kallikrein-kinin blockade in patients with COVID-19 to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Elife., 9, p. 57555; Ozolina, A., Sarkele, M., Sabelnikovs, O., Skesters, A., Jaunalksne, I., Serova, J., Ievins, T., Vanags, I., Activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A prospective pilot study (2016) Front Med (Lausanne)., 3, p. 64; Idell, S., Peters, J., James, K.K., Fair, D.S., Coalson, J.J., Local abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways that promote alveolar fibrin deposition in the lungs of baboons with diffuse alveolar damage (1989) J Clin Invest., 84, pp. 181-193; Prabhakaran, P., Ware, L.B., White, K.E., Cross, M.T., Matthay, M.A., Olman, M.A., Elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in pulmonary edema fluid are associated with mortality in acute lung injury (2003) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol., 285, pp. L20-L28; Ware, L.B., Matthay, M.A., Parsons, P.E., Thompson, B.T., Januzzi, J.L., Eisner, M.D., Pathogenetic and prognostic significance of altered coagulation and fibrinolysis in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (2007) Crit Care Med., 35, pp. 1821-1828. , National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Trials Network; Wu, Y.P., Wei, R., Zh, L., Chen, B., Lisman, T., Ren, D.L., Han, J.J., Zhang, F.S., Analysis of thrombotic factors in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients (2006) Thromb Haemost., 96, pp. 100-101; Whyte, C.S., Morrow, G.B., Mitchell, J.L., Chowdary, P., Mutch, N.J., Fibrinolytic abnormalities in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and versatility of thrombolytic drugs to treat COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1548-1555; Wang, J., Hajizadeh, N., Moore, E.E., McIntyre, R.C., Moore, P.K., Veress, L.A., Yaffe, M.B., Barrett, C.D., Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A case series (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1752-1755; Koupenova, M., Clancy, L., Corkrey, H.A., Freedman, J.E., Circulating platelets as mediators of immunity, inflammation, and thrombosis (2018) Circ Res., 122, pp. 337-351; Koupenova, M., Corkrey, H.A., Vitseva, O., Manni, G., Pang, C.J., Clancy, L., Yao, C., Wang, J.P., The role of platelets in mediating a response to human influenza infection (2019) Nat Commun., 10, p. 1780; Yang, X., Yang, Q., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., Xu, J., Yu, Y., Shang, Y., Thrombocytopenia and its association with mortality in patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost., 18, pp. 1469-1472; Koupenova, M., Potential role of platelets in COVID-19: Implications for thrombosis (2020) Res Pract Thromb Haemost., 4, pp. 737-740; Armstrong, S.M., Darwish, I., Lee, W.L., Endothelial activation and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection (2013) Virulence., 4, pp. 537-542; Feldmann, A., Schäfer, M.K., Garten, W., Klenk, H.D., Targeted infection of endothelial cells by avian influenza virus A/FPV/Rostock/34 (H7N1) in chicken embryos (2000) J Virol., 74, pp. 8018-8027; Monteil, V., Kwon, H., Prado, P., Hagelkrüys, A., Wimmer, R.A., Stahl, M., Leopoldi, A., Prosper, F., Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infections in engineered human tissues using clinical-grade soluble human ACE2 (2020) Cell., 181, pp. 905e7-913e7; Varga, Z., Flammer, A.J., Steiger, P., Haberecker, M., Andermatt, R., Zinkernagel, A.S., Mehra, M.R., Moch, H., Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19 (2020) Lancet., 395, pp. 1417-1418; Gustafson, D., Raju, S., Wu, R., Ching, C., Veitch, S., Rathnakumar, K., Boudreau, E., Fish, J.E., Overcoming barriers: The endothelium as a linchpin of coronavirus disease 2019 pathogenesis? (2020) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 40, pp. 1818-1829; Teuwen, L.A., Geldhof, V., Pasut, A., Carmeliet, P., COVID-19: The vasculature unleashed (2020) Nat Rev Immunol., 20, pp. 389-391; Tate, M.D., Deng, Y.M., Jones, J.E., Anderson, G.P., Brooks, A.G., Reading, P.C., Neutrophils ameliorate lung injury and the development of severe disease during influenza infection (2009) J Immunol., 183, pp. 7441-7450; Camp, J.V., Jonsson, C.B., A role for neutrophils in viral respiratory disease (2017) Front Immunol., 8, p. 550; Peiró, T., Patel, D.F., Akthar, S., Gregory, L.G., Pyle, C.J., Harker, J.A., Birrell, M.A., Snelgrove, R.J., Neutrophils drive alveolar macrophage IL-1β release during respiratory viral infection (2018) Thorax., 73, pp. 546-556; Brandes, M., Klauschen, F., Kuchen, S., Germain, R.N., A systems analysis identifies a feedforward inflammatory circuit leading to lethal influenza infection (2013) Cell., 154, pp. 197-212; Papayannopoulos, V., Neutrophil extracellular traps in immunity and disease (2018) Nat Rev Immunol., 18, pp. 134-147; Kulkarni, U., Zemans, R.L., Smith, C.A., Wood, S.C., Deng, J.C., Goldstein, D.R., Excessive neutrophil levels in the lung underlie the age-associated increase in influenza mortality (2019) Mucosal Immunol., 12, pp. 545-554; Hornick, E.E., Banoth, B., Miller, A.M., Zacharias, Z.R., Jain, N., Wilson, M.E., Gibson-Corley, K.N., Sutterwala, F.S., Nlrp12 mediates adverse neutrophil recruitment during influenza virus infection (2018) J Immunol., 200, pp. 1188-1197; Engelmann, B., Massberg, S., Thrombosis as an intravascular effector of innate immunity (2013) Nat Rev Immunol., 13, pp. 34-45; Jiménez-Alcázar, M., Rangaswamy, C., Panda, R., Bitterling, J., Simsek, Y.J., Long, A.T., Bilyy, R., Renné, T., Host DNases prevent vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps (2017) Science., 358, pp. 1202-1206; Thålin, C., Hisada, Y., Lundström, S., Mackman, N., Wallén, H., Neutrophil extracellular traps: Villains and targets in arterial, venous, and cancer-associated thrombosis (2019) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol., 39, pp. 1724-1738; Zhu, L., Liu, L., Zhang, Y., Pu, L., Liu, J., Li, X., Chen, Z., Han, J., High level of neutrophil extracellular traps correlates with poor prognosis of severe influenza a infection (2018) J Infect Dis., 217, pp. 428-437; Zuo, Y., Yalavarthi, S., Shi, H., Gockman, K., Zuo, M., Madison, J.A., Blair, C., Egeblad, M., Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19 (2020) Jci Insight., 5, p. 138999; Barnes, B.J., Adrover, J.M., Baxter-Stoltzfus, A., Borczuk, A., Cools-Lartigue, J., Crawford, J.M., Dassler-Plenker, J., Knight, J.S., Targeting potential drivers of COVID-19: Neutrophil extracellular traps (2020) J Exp Med., 217, p. 20200652; Mastellos, D.C., Ricklin, D., Lambris, J.D., Clinical promise of next-generation complement therapeutics (2019) Nat Rev Drug Discov., 18, pp. 707-729; Gralinski, L.E., Sheahan, T.P., Morrison, T.E., Menachery, V.D., Jensen, K., Leist, S.R., Whitmore, A., Baric, R.S., Complement activation contributes to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis (2018) MBio., 9, pp. 01753-01818; Jiang, Y., Zhao, G., Song, N., Li, P., Chen, Y., Guo, Y., Li, J., Guo, R., Blockade of the C5a-C5aR axis alleviates lung damage in hDPP4-transgenic mice infected with MERS-CoV (2018) Emerg Microbes Infect., 7, p. 77; Campbell, C.M., Kahwash, R., Will complement inhibition be the new target in treating COVID-19-related systemic thrombosis? (2020) Circulation., 141, pp. 1739-1741; Risitano, A.M., Mastellos, D.C., Huber-Lang, M., Yancopoulou, D., Garlanda, C., Ciceri, F., Lambris, J.D., Complement as a target in COVID-19? (2020) Nat Rev Immunol., 20, pp. 343-344 PY - 2020 SN - 10795642 (ISSN) SP - 2033-2044 ST - Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses T2 - Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology TI - Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090080283&doi=10.1161%2fATVBAHA.120.314514&partnerID=40&md5=0e22cc63b0dea33094ad9d483194f44e ID - 558 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States School of Public Health, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States The Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States Department of Social Medicine and Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Macmadu, A. AU - Berk, J. AU - Kaplowitz, E. AU - Mercedes, M. AU - Rich, J. D. AU - Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. C2 - 33045186 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30231-0 IS - 11 J2 - Lancet Public Health KW - coronavirus disease 2019 crowding (area) epidemic human infection risk legal aspect mass incarceration mortality Note priority journal prison racism virus transmission African American Coronavirus infection epidemiology ethnology health disparity pandemic prisoner United States virus pneumonia African Americans Coronavirus Infections Health Status Disparities Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Prisoners LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 References: Wildeman, C., Wang, E.A., Mass incarceration, public health, and widening inequality in the USA (2017) Lancet, 389, pp. 1464-1474; Millett, G.A., Jones, A.T., Benkeser, D., Assessing differential impacts of COVID-19 on black communities (2020) Ann Epidemiol, 47, pp. 37-44; Coronavirus in the US: latest map and case count (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/us/coronavirus-us-cases.html, (Accessed 2 September 2020); Saloner, B., Parish, K., Ward, J.A., DiLaura, G., Dolovich, S., COVID-19 cases and deaths in federal and state prisons (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 602-603; National COVID-19 statistics (2020), https://covidprisonproject.com/data/data-v2/, (Accessed 14 September 2020); Reinhart, E., Chen, D.L., Incarceration and its disseminations: COVID-19 pandemic lessons from Chicago's Cook County Jail (2020) Health Aff, 39, pp. 1412-1418; Vest, N.A., Johnson, O.D., Nowotny, K.M., Brinkley-Rubinstein, L., Prison population reductions and COVID-19: a latent profile analysis synthesizing recent evidence from the Texas state prison system (2020) medRxiv, , published Sept 10. (preprint); Highest to lowest-occupancy level (based on official capacity) https://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/occupancy-level?field_region_taxonomy_tid=All, (Accessed 12 September 2020); Tracking COVID-19 in Massachusetts prison and jails (2020), https://data.aclum.org/sjc-12926-tracker/, (Accessed 2 September 2020); Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)—United States, February 12–March 16, 2020 (2020) MMWR Recomm Rep, 69, pp. 343-346; Decarceration and crime during COVID-19 (2020), https://www.aclu.org/news/smart-justice/decarceration-and-crime-during-covid-19/, (Accessed 12 September 2020)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094591820&doi=10.1016%2fS2468-2667%2820%2930231-0&partnerID=40&md5=4a14454324499469e60734cbc36976b6 PY - 2020 SN - 24682667 (ISSN) SP - e571-e572 ST - COVID-19 and mass incarceration: a call for urgent action T2 - The Lancet Public Health TI - COVID-19 and mass incarceration: a call for urgent action VL - 5 ID - 300 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been associated with acute kidney injury, presumably due to acute tubular injury. However, this does not explain proteinuria, sometimes severe, and hematuria often observed. We present 2 African American patients with glomerulopathy demonstrated by kidney biopsy in the setting of acute kidney injury and COVID-19 infection. Kidney biopsy specimens showed a collapsing variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in addition to acute tubular injury. Both patients were homozygous for apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1). COVID-19 infection likely caused the interferon surge as a second hit causing podocyte injury leading to collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. APOL1 testing should be strongly considered in African American patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria. More data from future kidney biopsies will further elucidate the pathology of kidney injury and glomerular involvement from COVID-19 infections. © 2020 The Authors AD - Division of Nephrology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, United States Nephrology Associate of Tidewater, Norfolk, VA, United States Division of Nephropathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Maryview Medical Center, Portsmouth, VA, United States AU - Magoon, S. AU - Bichu, P. AU - Malhotra, V. AU - Alhashimi, F. AU - Hu, Y. AU - Khanna, S. AU - Berhanu, K. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.xkme.2020.05.004 IS - 4 J2 - Kidney Med. KW - AKI collapsing COVID FSGS glomerulopathy proteinuria SARS apolipoprotein L1 creatinine interferon protein acute kidney failure adult African American Article case report cell damage clinical article coronavirus disease 2019 coughing creatinine blood level dyspnea echography electron microscopy fatigue female fever focal glomerulosclerosis hemodialysis homozygosity hospital admission human kidney biopsy kidney tubule damage male microscopy middle aged physical examination podocyte reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction urinalysis wheezing LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :13 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Magoon, S.6160 Kempsville Circle, Ste 302, United States; email: sandeepmagoon@gmail.com Chemicals/CAS: creatinine, 19230-81-0, 60-27-5; protein, 67254-75-5 Funding text 1: Sandeep Magoon, MD, Prasad Bichu, MD, Varun Malhotra, MD, Fatema Alhashimi, MD, Yanglin Hu, MD, Siddharth Khanna, MD, and Kabaye Berhanu, MD. None. The authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. The authors declare that they have obtained consent from the patients discussed in the report. Received April 29, 2020. Evaluated by 1 external peer reviewer, with direct editorial input from the Editor-in-Chief. Accepted in revised form May 29, 2020. References: Cheng, Y., Luo, R., Wang, K., Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 (2020) Kidney Int, 97 (5), pp. 829-838; Su, H., Yang, M., Wan, C., Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China (2020) Kidney Int, 98 (1), pp. 219-227; Larsen, C.P., Bourne, T.D., Wilson, J.D., Saqqa, O., Sharshir, M.A., Collapsing glomerulopathy in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Kidney Int Rep, 5 (6), pp. 935-939; Peleg, Y., Kudose, S., D'Agati, V., Acute kidney injury due to collapsing glomerulopathy following COVID-19 infection (2020) Kidney Int Rep, 5 (6), pp. 940-945; Kopp, J.B., Winkler, C.A., Zhao, X., Clinical features and histology of apolipoprotein L1-associated nephropathy in the FSGS clinical trial (2015) J Am Soc Nephrol, 26 (6), pp. 1443-1448; Vaduganathan, M., Vardeny, O., Michel, T., McMurray, J.J.V., Pfeffer, M.A., Solomon, S.D., Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients with COVID-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (17), pp. 1653-1659 PY - 2020 SN - 25900595 (ISSN) SP - 488-492 ST - COVID-19–Related Glomerulopathy: A Report of 2 Cases of Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis T2 - Kidney Medicine TI - COVID-19–Related Glomerulopathy: A Report of 2 Cases of Collapsing Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087211609&doi=10.1016%2fj.xkme.2020.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=352a9ba8c83a79ca0edf272e1fb3bc99 VL - 2 ID - 457 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Importance: Children of all ages appear susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. To support pediatric clinical studies for investigational treatments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), pediatric-specific dosing is required. Objective: To define pediatric-specific dosing regimens for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir for COVID-19 treatment. Design, Setting, and Participants: Pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation were used to extrapolate investigated adult dosages toward children (March 2020-April 2020). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used to inform pediatric dosing for hydroxychloroquine. For remdesivir, pediatric dosages were derived using allometric-scaling with age-dependent exponents. Dosing simulations were conducted using simulated pediatric and adult participants based on the demographics of a white US population. Interventions: Simulated drug exposures following a 5-day course of hydroxychloroquine (400 mg every 12 hours × 2 doses followed by 200 mg every 12 hours × 8 doses) and a single 200-mg intravenous dose of remdesivir were computed for simulated adult participants. A simulation-based dose-ranging study was conducted in simulated children exploring different absolute and weight-normalized dosing strategies. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome for hydroxychloroquine was average unbound plasma concentrations for 5 treatment days. Additionally, unbound interstitial lung concentrations were simulated. For remdesivir, the primary outcome was plasma exposure (area under the curve, 0 to infinity) following single-dose administration. Results: For hydroxychloroquine, the physiologically based pharmacokinetic model analysis included 500 and 600 simulated white adult and pediatric participants, respectively, and supported weight-normalized dosing for children weighing less than 50 kg. Geometric mean-simulated average unbound plasma concentration values among children within different developmental age groups (32-35 ng/mL) were congruent to adults (32 ng/mL). Simulated unbound hydroxychloroquine concentrations in lung interstitial fluid mirrored those in unbound plasma and were notably lower than in vitro concentrations needed to mediate antiviral activity. For remdesivir, the analysis included 1000 and 6000 simulated adult and pediatric participants, respectively. The proposed pediatric dosing strategy supported weight-normalized dosing for participants weighing less than 60 kg. Geometric mean-simulated plasma area under the time curve 0 to infinity values among children within different developmental age-groups (4315-5027 ng × h/mL) were similar to adults (4398 ng × h/mL). Conclusions and Relevance: This analysis provides pediatric-specific dosing suggestions for hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir and raises concerns regarding hydroxychloroquine use for COVID-19 treatment because concentrations were less than those needed to mediate an antiviral effect.. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. AD - Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, United States Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Department of Pharmacy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Maharaj, A. R. AU - Wu, H. AU - Hornik, C. P. AU - Balevic, S. J. AU - Hornik, C. D. AU - Smith, P. B. AU - Gonzalez, D. AU - Zimmerman, K. O. AU - Benjamin, D. K. AU - Cohen-Wolkowiez, M. C2 - 32501511 C7 - e202422 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2422 32179660; Lu, X., Zhang, L., Du, H., SARS-CoV-2 infection in children (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (17), pp. 1663-1665. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2005073, doi: 32187458; Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (13), pp. 1199-1207. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316, doi: 31995857; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5, doi: 31986264; Li, G., De Clercq, E., Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (2020) Nat Rev Drug Discov, 19 (3), pp. 149-150. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0, doi: 32127666; Ko, W.C., Rolain, J.M., Lee, N.Y., Arguments in favour of remdesivir for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55 (4). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105933, 105933. doi: 32147516; Colson, P., Rolain, J.M., Raoult, D., Chloroquine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55 (3). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105923, 105923. doi: 32070753; Raoult, D., Houpikian, P., Tissot Dupont, H., Riss, J.M., Arditi-Djiane, J., Brouqui, P., Treatment of Q fever endocarditis: Comparison of 2 regimens containing doxycycline and ofloxacin or hydroxychloroquine (1999) Arch Intern Med, 159 (2), pp. 167-173. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/archinte.159.2.167, doi: 9927100; Biot, C., Daher, W., Chavain, N., Design and synthesis of hydroxyferroquine derivatives with antimalarial and antiviral activities (2006) J Med Chem, 49 (9), pp. 2845-2849. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm0601856, doi: 16640347; Yao, X., Ye, F., Zhang, M., In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa237, ciaa237. doi: 32150618; Tett, S.E., Cutler, D.J., Day, R.O., Brown, K.F., A dose-ranging study of the pharmacokinetics of hydroxy-chloroquine following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers (1988) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 26 (3), pp. 303-313. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb05281.x, doi: 3179169; Furst, D.E., Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine during treatment of rheumatic diseases (1996) Lupus, 5, pp. S11-S15. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203396005001041, doi: 8803904; Lim, H.S., Im, J.S., Cho, J.Y., Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine and its clinical implications in chemoprophylaxis against malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax (2009) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 53 (4), pp. 1468-1475. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00339-08, doi: 19188392; Martinez, M.A., Compounds with therapeutic potential against novel respiratory 2019 coronavirus (2020) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 64 (5). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00399-20, e00399-20. doi: 32152082; Warren, T.K., Jordan, R., Lo, M.K., Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys (2016) Nature, 531 (7594), pp. 381-385. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature17180, doi: 26934220; Agostini, M.L., Andres, E.L., Sims, A.C., Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease (2018) MBio, 9 (2). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00221-18, doi: 29511076; (2020), https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/summary-compassionate-use-remdesivir-gilead_en.pdf, Summary on compassionate use: Remdesivir Gilead (Procedure No. EMEA/H/K/5622/CU). Published April 3, Accessed April 14, 2020; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res, 30 (3), pp. 269-271. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-020-0282-0, doi: 32020029; Maharaj, A.R., Barrett, J.S., Edginton, A.N., A workflow example of PBPK modeling to support pediatric research and development: Case study with lorazepam (2013) Aaps J, 15 (2), pp. 455-464. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12248-013-9451-0, doi: 23344790; Maharaj, A.R., Edginton, A.N., Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation in pediatric drug development (2014) Cpt Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol, 3. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/psp.2014.45, e150. doi: 25353188; Grimstein, M., Yang, Y., Zhang, X., Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in regulatory science: An update from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Office of Clinical Pharmacology (2019) J Pharm Sci, 108 (1), pp. 21-25. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.033, doi: 30385284; Mahmood, I., Tegenge, M.A., A comparative study between allometric scaling and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for the prediction of drug clearance from neonates to adolescents (2019) J Clin Pharmacol, 59 (2), pp. 189-197. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcph.1310, doi: 30192373; Dykstra, K., Mehrotra, N., Tornøe, C.W., Reporting guidelines for population pharmacokinetic analyses (2015) J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn, 42 (3), pp. 301-314. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10928-015-9417-1, doi: 25925797; Wickham, H., (2009), ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag; Wilke, C.O., https://rdrr.io/cran/cowplot/, cowplot: Streamlined Plot Theme and Plot Annotations for 'ggplot2'. rdrr.io website. Accessed April 14, 2020; Denney, W., Duvvuri, S., Buckeridge, C., Simple, automatic noncompartmental analysis: The PKNCA R package (2015) J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn, 42, pp. S65-S65; Grothendieck, G., Zeileis, A., Zoo: S3 infrastructure for regular and irregular time series (2005) J Stat Softw, 14 (I06); Leong, R., Vieira, M.L., Zhao, P., Regulatory experience with physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling for pediatric drug trials (2012) Clin Pharmacol Ther, 91 (5), pp. 926-931. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2012.19, doi: 22472993; Brocks, D.R., Skeith, K.J., Johnston, C., Hematologic disposition of hydroxychloroquine enantiomers (1994) J Clin Pharmacol, 34 (11), pp. 1088-1097. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb01986.x, doi: 7876401; McLachlan, A.J., Cutler, D.J., Tett, S.E., Plasma protein binding of the enantiomers of hydroxychloroquine and metabolites (1993) Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 44 (5), pp. 481-484. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315548, doi: 8359187; Müller, F., König, J., Glaeser, H., Molecular mechanism of renal tubular secretion of the antimalarial drug chloroquine (2011) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 55 (7), pp. 3091-3098. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01835-10, doi: 21518836; Fan, H.W., Ma, Z.X., Chen, J., Yang, X.Y., Cheng, J.L., Li, Y.B., Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers by LC-MS/MS (2015) Rheumatol Ther, 2 (2), pp. 183-195. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40744-015-0012-0, doi: 27747530; Tett, S.E., Cutler, D.J., Day, R.O., Bioavailability of hydroxychloroquine tablets assessed with deconvolution techniques (1992) J Pharm Sci, 81 (2), pp. 155-159. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600810211, doi: 1545355; Li, X.Q., Björkman, A., Andersson, T.B., Gustafsson, L.L., Masimirembwa, C.M., Identification of human cytochrome P(450)s that metabolise anti-parasitic drugs and predictions of in vivo drug hepatic clearance from in vitro data (2003) Eur J Clin Pharmacol, 59 (5-6), pp. 429-442. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-003-0636-9, doi: 12920490; McLachlan, A.J., Tett, S.E., Cutler, D.J., Day, R.O., Bioavailability of hydroxychloroquine tablets in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1994) Br J Rheumatol, 33 (3), pp. 235-239. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/33.3.235, doi: 8156285; McLachlan, A.J., Tett, S.E., Cutler, D.J., Day, R.O., Absorption and in vivo dissolution of hydroxycholoroquine in fed subjects assessed using deconvolution techniques (1993) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 36 (5), pp. 405-411. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb00388.x, doi: 12959287; Tett, S.E., Cutler, D.J., Day, R.O., Brown, K.F., Bioavailability of hydroxychloroquine tablets in healthy volunteers (1989) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 27 (6), pp. 771-779. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1989.tb03439.x, doi: 2757893; Cheung, K.W.K., Van Groen, B.D., Spaans, E., A comprehensive analysis of ontogeny of renal drug transporters: mRNA analyses, quantitative proteomics, and localization (2019) Clin Pharmacol Ther, 106 (5), pp. 1083-1092. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpt.1516, doi: 31127606; Willmann, S., Höhn, K., Edginton, A., Development of a physiology-based whole-body population model for assessing the influence of individual variability on the pharmacokinetics of drugs (2007) J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn, 34 (3), pp. 401-431. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10928-007-9053-5, doi: 17431751; (2020), https://epidemio.wiv-isp.be/ID/Documents/Covid19/COVID-19_InterimGuidelines_Treatment_ENG.pdf, Sciensano Epidemiology of Infectious Disease. Interim clinical guidance for adults with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in Belgium, Version 7. sciensano website. Published April 7, Accessed April 14, 2020; http://www.med.umich.edu/asp/pdf/adult_guidelines/COVID-19-treatment.pdf, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan. Inpatient guidance for treatment of COVID-19 in adults and children. Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan website. Accessed April 14, 2020; Kramer, N.I., Krismartina, M., Rico-Rico, A., Blaauboer, B.J., Hermens, J.L., Quantifying processes determining the free concentration of phenanthrene in Basal cytotoxicity assays (2012) Chem Res Toxicol, 25 (2), pp. 436-445. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/tx200479k, doi: 22242923; Postnikova, E., Cong, Y., DeWald, L.E., Testing therapeutics in cell-based assays: Factors that influence the apparent potency of drugs (2018) PLoS One, 13 (3). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194880, e0194880. doi: 29566079; Liu, J., Cao, R., Xu, M., Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro (2020) Cell Discov, 6, p. 16. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41421-020-0156-0, doi: 32194981; Zhou, D., Dai, S.M., Tong, Q., COVID-19: A recommendation to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine in preventing infection and progression (2020) J Antimicrob Chemother, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa114, dkaa114. doi: 32196083; Arnold, S.L.M., Buckner, F., Hydroxychloroquine for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection? improving our confidence in a model-based approach to dose selection (2020) Clin Transl Sci, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cts.12797, doi: 32268005; Balevic, S.J., Green, T.P., Clowse, M.E.B., Eudy, A.M., Schanberg, L.E., Cohen-Wolkowiez, M., Pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in pregnancies with rheumatic diseases (2019) Clin Pharmacokinet, 58 (4), pp. 525-533. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40262-018-0712-z, doi: 30255310; Morita, S., Takahashi, T., Yoshida, Y., Yokota, N., Population pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine in Japanese patients with cutaneous or systemic lupus erythematosus (2016) Ther Drug Monit, 38 (2), pp. 259-267. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000000261, doi: 26587870; Tegenge, M.A., Mahmood, I., Age- A nd bodyweight-dependent allometric exponent model for scaling clearance and maintenance dose of theophylline from neonates to adults (2018) Ther Drug Monit, 40 (5), pp. 635-641. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/FTD.0000000000000543, doi: 30086085; Lee, J.Y., Vinayagamoorthy, N., Han, K., Association of polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 2D6 with blood hydroxychloroquine levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2016) Arthritis Rheumatol, 68 (1), pp. 184-190. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.39402, doi: 26316040; Projean, D., Baune, B., Farinotti, R., In vitro metabolism of chloroquine: Identification of CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 as the main isoforms catalyzing N-desethylchloroquine formation (2003) Drug Metab Dispos, 31 (6), pp. 748-754. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/dmd.31.6.748, doi: 12756207 IS - 10 J2 - JAMA Pediatr. KW - hydroxychloroquine remdesivir adenosine phosphate alanine antivirus agent adolescent adult allometry antiviral therapy area under the curve Article body weight Caucasian child clinical outcome controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug blood level drug dose regimen drug exposure effective concentration female human in vitro study infant interstitial fluid major clinical study male newborn pediatric patient pharmacokinetic parameters preschool child priority journal school child simulation single drug dose biological model Coronavirus infection dose calculation drug administration experimental therapy pandemic patient simulation procedures virus pneumonia young adult Adenosine Monophosphate Antiviral Agents Child, Preschool Coronavirus Infections Drug Administration Schedule Drug Dosage Calculations Humans Infant, Newborn Models, Biological Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Therapies, Investigational LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :14 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Cohen-Wolkowiez, M.; Duke Clinical Research InstituteUnited States; email: michael.cohenwolkowiez@duke.edu Chemicals/CAS: hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; adenosine phosphate, 61-19-8, 8063-98-7; alanine, 56-41-7, 6898-94-8; Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Hydroxychloroquine; remdesivir PY - 2020 SN - 21686203 (ISSN) ST - Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 T2 - JAMA Pediatrics TI - Simulated Assessment of Pharmacokinetically Guided Dosing for Investigational Treatments of Pediatric Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087125783&doi=10.1001%2fjamapediatrics.2020.2422&partnerID=40&md5=eff4e1a43f1320c5047a0058dec14aa1 VL - 174 ID - 357 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a significant risk to patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) or cellular therapy. The American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Pharmacy Special Interest Group Steering Committee aims to provide pharmacy practice management recommendations for how to transition clinical HCT or cellular therapy pharmacy services using telemedicine capabilities in the inpatient and outpatient settings to maintain an equivalent level of clinical practice while minimizing viral spread in a high-risk, immunocompromised population. In addition, the Steering Committee offers clinical management recommendations for COVID-19 in HCT and cellular therapy recipients based on the rapidly developing literature. As the therapeutic and supportive care interventions for COVID-19 expand, collaboration with clinical pharmacy providers is critical to ensure safe administration in HCT recipients. Attention to drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and toxicity, particularly QTc prolongation, warrants close cardiac monitoring and potential cessation of concomitant QTc-prolonging agents. Expanded indications for hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab have already caused stress on the usual supply chain. Detailed prescribing algorithms, decision pathways, and specific patient population stock may be necessary. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged all members of the healthcare team, and we must continue to remain vigilant in providing pharmacy clinical services to one of the most high-risk patient populations while also remaining committed to providing compassionate and safe care for patients undergoing HCT and cellular therapies. © 2020 American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy AD - Division of Pharmacy, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Health System, Lawrence, KS, United States Division of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillNC, United States Division of Pharmacy, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States Division of Pharmacy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States Division of Pharmacy, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Division of Pharmacy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States AU - Mahmoudjafari, Z. AU - Alexander, M. AU - Roddy, J. AU - Shaw, R. AU - Shigle, T. L. AU - Timlin, C. AU - Culos, K. C2 - 32305359 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.04.005 IS - 6 J2 - Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. KW - Cellular therapy Coronavirus COVID-19 HCT Pharmacist Pharmacy convalescent plasma hydroxychloroquine lopinavir remdesivir ribavirin ritonavir ruxolitinib tocilizumab unclassified drug algorithm cell therapy clinical pharmacy clinical practice convalescence coronavirus disease 2019 graft recipient hematopoietic stem cell transplantation high risk patient hospital department hospital patient human immunocompromised patient managed care medical society medical student outpatient care pandemic patient safety plasma transfusion QT prolongation resident Review safety procedure telemedicine Betacoronavirus biological therapy Coronavirus infection disease management drug effect genetics hospital pharmacy organization and management outpatient passive immunization pathogenicity practice guideline procedures public opinion United States virus pneumonia Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy Coronavirus Infections Humans Immunization, Passive Inpatients Outpatients Pandemics Pharmacy Service, Hospital Pneumonia, Viral Practice Guidelines as Topic Practice Patterns, Physicians' Societies, Medical LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :14 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: BBMTF Correspondence Address: Mahmoudjafari, Z.; University of Kansas Cancer Center, 2330 Shawnee Mission Parkway, Mail Stop 5028, United States; email: zmahmoudjafari@kumc.edu Chemicals/CAS: hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; lopinavir, 192725-17-0; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; ribavirin, 36791-04-5; ritonavir, 155213-67-5; ruxolitinib, 1092939-17-7, 941678-49-5; tocilizumab, 375823-41-9; Hydroxychloroquine Tradenames: gs 5734 Funding details: Sanofi Genzyme Funding details: AcelRx Pharmaceuticals Funding text 1: Financial disclosure: Zahra Mahmoudjafari: Advisory board participation: Genentech, Incyte, Omeros, and Legend Biotech Maurice Alexander: Advisory board participation: Juno Therapeutics, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, AcelRx, Teva PharmaceuticalsJulianna Roddy: Astellas and Alexion speaker's bureauRyan Shaw: Nothing to discloseTerri Lynn Shigle: Nothing to disclose Colleen Timlin: Nothing to discloseKatie Culos: Jazz and Incyte speaker's bureau. Conflict of interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to report. Financial disclosure: See Acknowledgments on page 1048. References: (2020), https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200311-sitrep-51-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=1ba62e57_10, World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-51. Available at: Accessed 21 March; Liang, W., Guan, W., Chen, R., Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, pp. 335-337; Coronavirus disease COVID-19: EBMT Recommendations (2020) Update March, 16. , https://www.ebmt.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/EBMT%20COVID-19%20guidelines%20v.3.2%20%282020-03-16%29.pdf, Available at (Accessed 21 March 2020); (2020), http://www.factwebsite.org/ctstandards/, Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT). Seventh edition FACT-JACIE international standards for hematopoietic cellular therapy product collection, processing and administration. Available at: Accessed 21 March; Ueda, M., Martins, R., Hendrie, P.C., Managing cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic: agility and collaboration toward a common goal [e-pub ahead of print (2020) J Natl Compr Canc Netw, , Accessed 21 March 2020; (2020), https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/ASBMT/a1e2ac9a-36d2-4e23-945c-45118b667268/UploadedImages/COVID-19_Interim_Patient_Guidelines_3_18_20.pdf, American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Interim guidelines for COVID-19 management in hematopoietic cell transplant and cellular therapy patients. Version 1.2. Available at: Accessed 21 March; McCreary, E.K., Pogue, J.M., Coronavirus disease 2019 treatment: a review of early and emerging options (2020) Open Forum Infect Dis, 7. , ofaa105; (2020), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=covid-19&term=&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=, U.S National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials.Gov Accessed 4 April; Liu, J., Cao, R., Xu, M., Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro (2020) Cell Discov, 6, p. 16; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res, 30, pp. 269-271; Yao, X., Ye, F., Zhang, M., In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [e-pub ahead of print (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , Accessed 21 March 2020; Gustafsson, L.L., Walker, O., Alván, G., Disposition of chloroquine in man after single intravenous and oral doses (1983) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 15, pp. 471-479; Tett, S.E., Cutler, D.J., Day, R.O., A dose-ranging study of the pharmacokinetics of hydroxychloroquine following intravenous administration to healthy volunteers (1988) Br J Clin Pharmacol, pp. 303-313; Schrezenmeier, E., Dörner, T., Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology (2020) Nat Rev Rheumatol, 16, pp. 155-166; Projean, D., Baune, B., Farinotti, R., In vitro metabolism of chloroquine: identification of CYP2C8, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6 as the main isoforms catalyzing N-desethylchloroquine formation (2003) Drug Metab Dispos, 31, pp. 748-754; Finielz, P., Gendoo, Z., Chuet, C., Guiserix, J., Interaction between cyclosporin and chloroquine (1993) Nephron, 65, p. 333; Nampoory, M.R., Nessim, J., Gupta, R.K., Johny, K.V., Drug interaction of chloroquine with ciclosporin (1992) Nephron, 62, pp. 108-109; Pesko, L.J., Compounding: hydroxychloroquine (1993) AM Druggist, pp. 207-257; (2020), https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/009768s037s045s047lbl.pdf, Plaquenil® prescribing information. Available at: Accessed 24 March; (2020), https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/006002s044lbl.pdf, Aralen® prescribing information. Available at: Accessed 24 March; Wasko, M.C., Hubert, H.B., Lingala, V.B., Hydroxychloroquine and risk of diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2007) JAMA, 298, pp. 187-193; Collins, K.P., Jackson, K.M., Gustafson, D.L., Hydroxychloroquine: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model in the context of cancer-related autophagy modulation (2018) J Pharmcol Exp Ther, 365, pp. 447-459; Mohammad, S., Clowse, M.E.B., Eudy, A.M., Criscione-Schreiber, L.G., Examination of hydroxychloroquine use and hemolytic anemia in G6PDH-deficient patients (2018) Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken), 70, pp. 481-485; Warren, T.K., Jordan, R., Lo, M.K., Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 381-385; Mulangu, S., Dodd, L.E., Davey, R.T., Jr, A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics (2019) N Engl J Med, 381, pp. 2293-2303; Siegel, D., Hui, H.C., Doerffler, E., Discovery and synthesis of a phosphoramidate prodrug of a pyrrolo[2,1-f][triazin-4-amino] adenine C-nucleoside (GS-5734) for the treatment of Ebola and emerging viruses (2017) J Med Chem, 60, pp. 1648-1661; Brown, A.J., Won, J.J., Graham, R.L., Broad-spectrum antiviral remdesivir inhibits human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses with a highly divergent RNA dependent RNA polymerase (2019) Antiviral Res, 169; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci Transl Med, p. 9eaal3653; Anderson, L.A., Gilead halts remdesivir access for COVID-19 amid other U.S (2020) drug shortages, , https://www.drugs.com/news/gilead-halts-remdesivir-access-covid-19-amid-other-u-s-shortages-89127.html, Available at (Accessed 25 March 2020); (2020), http://www.covid19-druginteractions.org/, Liverpool Drug Interaction Group, University of Liverpool. Interactions with experimental COVID-19 therapies. 2020. Available at: Accessed 25 March; (2020), Rebetol® (ribavirin)capsules and oral solution [package insert]. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp;; Booth, C.M., Matukas, L.M., Tomlinson, G.A., Clinical features and short-term outcomes of 144 patients with SARS in the greater Toronto area (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 2801-2809; Lee, N., Hui, D., Wu, A., A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong (2003) N Engl J Med, 348, pp. 1986-1994; Arabi, Y.M., Shalhoub, S., Mandourah, Y., Ribavirin and interferon therapy for critically ill patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: a multicenter observational study (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 70, pp. 1837-1844; Haagmans, B.L., Osterhaus, A.D., Coronaviruses and their therapy (2006) Antiviral Res, 71, pp. 297-403; Chan, K.S., Lai, S.T., Chu, C.M., Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome with lopinavir/ritonavir: a multicentre retrospective matched cohort study (2003) Hong Kong Med J, 9, pp. 399-406; Chu, C.M., Cheng, V.C., Hung, I.F., HKU/UCH SARS Study Group. Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings (2004) Thorax, 59, pp. 252-256; Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-10 [e-pub ahead of print] (2020) N Engl J Med; (2020), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=lopinavir&cond=COVID-19, U.S. National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov. Accessed 30 March; Shen, C., Wang, Z., Zhao, F., Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma [e-pub ahead of print] (2020) JAMA, , Accessed 30 March 2020; Xu, X., Han, M.F., Li, T.T., Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. ChinaXiv: 202003.00026; Kim, S., Östör, A.J., Nisar, M.K., Interleukin-6 and cytochrome-P450, reason for concern? (2012) Rheumatol Int, 32, pp. 2601-2604; (2020), https://bwnews.pr/2ypBaEA, Incyte. Incyte announces plans to initiate a phase 3 clinical trial of ruxolitinib (Jakafi) as a treatment for patients with COVID-19-associated cytokine storm [press release]. Wilmington, DE: Incyte; April 2, 2020. Available at: Accessed 3 April; [prescribing information] (2019), https://www.jakafi.com/pdf/prescribing-information.pdf, Incyte Corporation Wilmington, DE Available at Accessed 3 April 2020UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083724961&doi=10.1016%2fj.bbmt.2020.04.005&partnerID=40&md5=79ca5cd08441ea2156daf6711d82e94e PY - 2020 SN - 10838791 (ISSN) SP - 1043-1049 ST - American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Pharmacy Special Interest Group Position Statement on Pharmacy Practice Management and Clinical Management for COVID-19 in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Patients in the United States T2 - Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation TI - American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Pharmacy Special Interest Group Position Statement on Pharmacy Practice Management and Clinical Management for COVID-19 in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Patients in the United States VL - 26 ID - 493 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Vaccine Research Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesdaa, MD 20814, United States Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Marovich, M. AU - Mascola, J. R. AU - Cohen, M. S. C2 - 32539093 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jama.2020.10245 32422645; Wang, L., Shi, W., Chappell, J.D., Importance of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic sites on the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein to avoid neutralization escape (2018) J Virol, 92 (10), pp. e02002-e02017. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02002-17, doi: 29514901; Joyner, M., Wright, S., Fairweather, D., (2020) Early Safety Indicators of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in 5,000 Patients, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.12.20099879, medRxiv. Preprint posted online May 14; Liu, S.T.H., Lin, H.-M., Baine, I., (2020) Convalescent Plasma Treatment of Severe COVID-19: A Matched Control Study, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.20.20102236, medRxiv. Preprint posted online May 22; Mulangu, S., Dodd, L.E., Davey, R.T., Jr., A randomized controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics (2019) N Engl J Med, 381 (24), pp. 2293-2303. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1910993, doi: 31774950; Corey, L., Mascola, J.R., Fauci, A.S., Collins, F.S., A strategic approach to COVID-19 vaccine R&D (2020) Science, 368 (6494), pp. 948-950. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc5312, doi: 32393526; Graham, B.S., Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development (2020) Science, 368 (6494), pp. 945-946. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8923, doi: 32385100 IS - 2 J2 - JAMA KW - monoclonal antibody coronavirus spike glycoprotein neutralizing antibody spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic human infection prevention mortality rate nonhuman Note pandemic passive immunization priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus neutralization virus spike Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection immunology virus pneumonia Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :48 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAMAA Correspondence Address: Marovich, M.; Vaccine Research Program, 10 Center Dr, United States; email: mary.marovich@nih.gov Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 PY - 2020 SN - 00987484 (ISSN) SP - 131-132 ST - Monoclonal Antibodies for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 T2 - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association TI - Monoclonal Antibodies for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086874549&doi=10.1001%2fjama.2020.10245&partnerID=40&md5=680c9d47b05c08883268ef0b9fe23b79 VL - 324 ID - 445 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A rapid systematic review was carried out to evaluate the current evidence related to the presence of SARSCoV-2 in breast milk from pregnant women with COVID-19. Eight studies analyzing the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the breast milk of 24 pregnant women with COVID-19 during the third trimester of pregnancy were found. All patients had fever and/or symptoms of acute respiratory illness and chest computed tomography images indicative of COVID-19 pneumonia. Most pregnant women had cesarean delivery (91.7%) and two neonates had low birthweight (< 2 500 g). Biological samples collected immediately after birth from upper respiratory tract (throat or nasopharyngeal) of neonates and placental tissues showed negative results for the presence SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR test. No breast milk samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and, to date, there is no evidence on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk of pregnant women with COVID-19. However, data are still limited and breastfeeding of women with COVID-19 remains a controversial issue. There are no restrictions on the use of milk from a human breast milk bank. © 2020 Pan American Health Organization. All rights reserved. AD - Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Arapiraca, Brazil AU - Martins-Filho, P. R. AU - Santos, V. S. AU - Santos, H. P., Jr. C7 - e59 DB - Scopus DO - 10.26633/RPSP.2020.59 J2 - Rev. Panam. Salud Publica Pan Am. J. Public Health KW - Breast feeding Coronavirus infection Pandemics Pneumonia, viral SARS virus Virus diseases breastfeeding detection method literature review milk physiology pregnancy testing method virus womens health Coronavirus SARS coronavirus LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :19 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: RPSPF Correspondence Address: Martins-Filho, P.R.; Federal University of SergipeBrazil; email: saqmartins@hotmail.com References: Chan, JF-W, Yuan, S, Kok, K-H, To, KK-W, Chu, H, Yang, J, A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster (2020) Lancet, 395 (10223), pp. 514-523. , Feb; Ghinai, I, McPherson, TD, Hunter, JC, Kirking, HL, Christiansen, D, Joshi, K, First known person-to-person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the USA (2020) Lancet, , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32178768, [Internet]. Mar 13; Wang, W, Xu, Y, Gao, R, Lu, R, Han, K, Wu, G, Detection of SARSCoV-2 in Different Types of Clinical Specimens (2020) JAMA, , https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762997, [Internet]. Mar 11; Young, BE, Ong, SWX, Kalimuddin, S, Low, JG, Tan, SY, Loh, J, Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore (2020) JAMA, , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32125362, [Internet]. Mar 3; To, KK-W, Tsang, OT-Y, Chik-Yan Yip, C, Chan, K-H, Wu, T-C, Chan, JMC, Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32047895, [Internet]. Feb 12; Vogel, G., New coronavirus leaves pregnant women with wrenching choices—but little data to guide them (2020) Science, , https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/03/new-coronavirus-leaves-pregnant-women-wrenching-choices-little-data-guide-them, (80-) [Internet]. Mar 27; Moher, D, Liberati, A, Tetzlaff, J, Altman, DG., Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement (2010) Int J Surg, 8 (5), pp. 336-341. , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20171303, [Internet]. Jan [cited 2014 Jul 10]; Chen, H, Guo, J, Wang, C, Luo, F, Yu, X, Zhang, W, Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records (2020) Lancet, 395 (10226), pp. 809-815; Dong, L, Tian, J, He, S, Zhu, C, Wang, J, Liu, C, Possible Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 From an Infected Mother to Her Newborn (2020) JAMA, 53 (9), pp. 1689-1699. , https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2763853, [Internet]. Mar 26; Fan, C, Lei, D, Fang, C, Li, C, Wang, M, Liu, Y, Perinatal Transmission of COVID-19 Associated SARS-CoV-2: Should We Worry? (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa226/5809260, [Internet]. Mar 17; Li, Y, Zhao, R, Zheng, S, Chen, X, Wang, J, Sheng, X, Lack of Vertical Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, China (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26 (6). , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32134381, [Internet]. Jun 17; Liu, W, Wang, Q, Zhang, Q, Chen, L, Chen, J, Zhang, B, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy: a case series (2020) Preprints, pp. 1-28. , (February); Wang, S, Guo, L, Chen, L, Liu, W, Cao, Y, Zhang, J, A case report of neonatal COVID-19 infection in China (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32161941, [Internet]. Mar 12; Xiong, X, Wei, H, Zhang, Z, Chang, J, Ma, X, Gao, X, Vaginal Delivery Report of a Healthy Neonate Born to a Convalescent Mother with COVID-19 (2020) J Med Virol, , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32275072, [Internet]. Apr 10; Liu, W, Wang, J, Li, W, Zhou, Z, Liu, S, Rong, Z., Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 (2020) Front Med, , http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11684-020-0772-y, [Internet]. Apr 13; Wang, L, Shi, Y, Xiao, T, Fu, J, Feng, X, Mu, D, Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition) (2020) Ann Transl Med, 8 (3), p. 47. , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32154287, [Internet]. Feb; (2020) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pregnancy & Breastfeeding, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prepare/pregnancy-breastfeeding.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fspecific-groups%2Fpregnancy-faq.html#anchor_1584169714, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [Internet]. [cited 2020 Mar 18]; (2020) Home care for patients with COVID-19 presenting with mild symptoms and management of their contacts. Interim guidance, pp. 1-4. , https://www.who.int/publications-detail/home-care-for-patients-with-suspected-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)infection-presenting-with-mild-symptoms-and-management-of-contacts, World Health Organization. [Internet]. [cited 2020 Mar 17]; Interim Considerations for Infection Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Inpatient Obstetric Healthcare Settings, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/inpatient-obstetric-healthcare-guidance.html, Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). [Internet]; Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in Pregnancy. Information for healthcare professionals, , https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/coronavirus-co, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Version 1: Published Monday 9 March, 2020 [Internet]; Anderson, PO., Breastfeeding and Respiratory Antivirals: Coronavirus and Influenza (2020) Breastfeed Med, 15 (3), pp. 128-128. , https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2020.29149.poa, [Internet]. Mar 1 PY - 2020 SN - 10204989 (ISSN) ST - Aleitamento materno em mulheres com COVID-19: Falta de evidência da presença da SARS-CoV-2 no leite materno Lactancia materna en mujeres con COVID-19: Falta de evidencia sobre la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 en la leche materna T2 - Revista Panamericana de Salud Publica/Pan American Journal of Public Health TI - To breastfeed or not to breastfeed? Lack of evidence on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk of pregnant women with COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085344550&doi=10.26633%2fRPSP.2020.59&partnerID=40&md5=8b0a09cbd3fd72e6e605a4fa53569936 VL - 44 ID - 572 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca, Brazil AU - Martins-Filho, P. R. AU - Tanajura, D. M. AU - Santos, H. P., Jr. AU - Santos, V. S. C2 - 32448635 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.05.015 J2 - Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. KW - interleukin 6 autism coronavirus disease 2019 cytokine storm female high risk population human intrauterine infection Letter mental disease newborn newborn disease nonhuman pregnancy pregnant woman priority journal schizophrenia Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 systematic review (topic) vertical transmission adverse event Betacoronavirus complication Coronavirus infection maternal exposure pandemic pregnancy complication prenatal exposure virology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Infant, Newborn Neurodevelopmental Disorders Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: EOGRA Correspondence Address: Martins-Filho, P.R.; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Sanatório, Brazil; email: martins-filho@ufs.br References: Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Kruger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280; Martins-Filho, P.R., Santos, V.S., Santos, H., Jr., To breastfeed or not to breastfeed? Lack of evidence on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk of pregnant women with COVID-19 (2020) Rev Panam Salud Publica, 44, p. e59; Yin, M., Zhang, L., Deng, G., Han, C., Shen, M., Sun, H., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy in China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) MedRxiv; Estes, M.L., McAllister, A.K., Maternal immune activation: implications for neuropsychiatric disorders (2016) Science, 353, pp. 772-777; Rudolph, M.D., Graham, A.M., Feczko, E., Miranda-Dominguez, O., Rasmussen, J.M., Nardos, R., Maternal IL-6 during pregnancy can be estimated from newborn brain connectivity and predicts future working memory in offspring (2018) Nat Neurosci, 21, pp. 765-772; Rasmussen, J.M., Graham, A.M., Entringer, S., Gilmore, J.H., Styner, M., Fair, D.A., Maternal Interleukin-6 concentration during pregnancy is associated with variation in frontolimbic white matter and cognitive development in early life (2019) Neuroimage, 185, pp. 825-835 PY - 2020 SN - 03012115 (ISSN) SP - 255-256 ST - COVID-19 during pregnancy: Potential risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in neonates? T2 - European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology TI - COVID-19 during pregnancy: Potential risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in neonates? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085355489&doi=10.1016%2fj.ejogrb.2020.05.015&partnerID=40&md5=2f7cb4e0ad1dbfd5a200702b6298fa39 VL - 250 ID - 468 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The United States experienced historically high numbers of measles cases in 2019, despite achieving national measles vaccination rates above the World Health Organization recommendation of 95% coverage with two doses. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, resulting in suspension of many clinical preventive services, pediatric vaccination rates in the United States have fallen precipitously, dramatically increasing risk of measles resurgence. Previous research has shown that measles outbreaks in high-coverage contexts are driven by spatial clustering of nonvaccination, which decreases local immunity below the herd immunity threshold. However, little is known about how to best conduct surveillance and target interventions to detect and address these high-risk areas, and most vaccination data are reported at the state-level—a resolution too coarse to detect community-level clustering of nonvaccination characteristic of recent outbreaks. In this paper, we perform a series of computational experiments to assess the impact of clustered nonvaccination on outbreak potential and magnitude of bias in predicting disease risk posed by measuring vaccination rates at coarse spatial scales. We find that, when nonvaccination is locally clustered, reporting aggregate data at the state- or county-level can result in substantial underestimates of outbreak risk. The COVID-19 pandemic has shone a bright light on the weaknesses in US infectious disease surveillance and a broader gap in our understanding of how to best use detailed spatial data to interrupt and control infectious disease transmission. Our research clearly outlines that finer-scale vaccination data should be collected to prevent a return to endemic measles transmission in the United States. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States AU - Masters, N. B. AU - Eisenberg, M. C. AU - Delamater, P. L. AU - Kay, M. AU - Boulton, M. L. AU - Zelner, J. C2 - 33106403 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1073/pnas.2011529117 IS - 45 J2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. KW - Measles | epidemiology | simulation model | disease dynamics | vaccination clustering measles vaccine age distribution Article cluster analysis coronavirus disease 2019 disease surveillance disease transmission epidemic human information processing mathematical computing measles vaccination nonhuman prediction priority journal sensitivity analysis United States vaccination coverage epidemiological monitoring measles measurement accuracy spatiotemporal analysis statistical bias statistical model vaccination Bias Data Accuracy Epidemics Humans Models, Statistical Space-Time Clustering LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PNASA Correspondence Address: Masters, N.B.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: mastersn@umich.edu Chemicals/CAS: Measles Vaccine Funding details: Merck Funding details: Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, MICHR Funding text 1: Author contributions: N.B.M., M.C.E., M.L.B., and J.Z. designed research; N.B.M. performed research; M.K. assisted with figure development and data visualization; P.L.D., M.K., and J.Z. contributed analytic tools and support; N.B.M., M.C.E., and J.Z. analyzed data; and N.B.M. and J.Z. wrote the paper with assistance from all authors. Competing interest statement: P.L.D. has received research funding from Merck for an unrelated project. This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. Funding text 2: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. J.Z. was supported by a Catalyst award from the Michigan Institute of Computational Discovery and Engineering and a Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research Pathway Award. N.B.M.’s PhD research is funded by M.L.B. References: Measles and rubella surveillance data, , https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/measles_monthlydata/en/, World Health Organization (WHO), (2020). Accessed 11 August 2020; (2019) Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals: New measles surveillance data for 2019, , https://www.who.int/immunization/newsroom/measles-data-2019/en/, World Health Organization (WHO), Accessed 11 August 2020; (2020) Global measles and rubella monthly update: March, 2020, , https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/measles_monthlydata/en/, World Health Organization World Health Organization, Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, Geneva. Accessed 11 August 2020; Silverberg, R., Caceres, J., Greene, S., Hart, M., Hennekens, C. H., Lack of measles vaccination of a few portends future epidemics and vaccination of many (2019) Am. J. Med, 132, pp. 1005-1006; Pananos, A. D., Critical dynamics in population vaccinating behavior (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 114, pp. 13762-13767; Hill, H. A., Elam-Evans, L. D., Yankey, D., Singleton, J. A., Dietz, V., Vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 Months: United States, 2015 (2016) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 65, pp. 1065-1071; Majumder, M. S., Cohn, E. L., Mekaru, S. R., Huston, J. E., Brownstein, J. S., Substandard vaccination compliance and the 2015 measles outbreak (2015) JAMA Pediatr, 169, pp. 494-495; Pingali, S. C., Associations of statewide legislative and administrative interventions with vaccination status among kindergartners in California (2019) JAMA, 322, pp. 49-56; Omer, S. B., Geographic clustering of nonmedical exemptions to school immunization requirements and associations with geographic clustering of pertussis (2008) Am. J. Epidemiol, 168, pp. 1389-1396; Matthias, J., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Notes from the field: Outbreak of pertussis in a school and religious community averse to health care and vaccinations—Columbia County, Florida, 2013 (2014) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 63, p. 655; Robison, S. G., Liko, J., The timing of pertussis cases in unvaccinated children in an outbreak year: Oregon 2012 (2017) J. Pediatr, 183, pp. 159-163; (2019) US measles cases in first five months of 2019 surpass total cases per year for past 25 years, , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (Press Release, May 30); Moss, W. J., Griffin, D. E., Global measles elimination (2006) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 4, pp. 900-908; Global measles and rubella strategic plan: 2012–2020 (2012), World Health Organization (WHO), in Tech. Report No. ISBN 978 92 4 150339 6, (World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland); Fine, P. E. M., Clarkson, J. A., Measles in England and Wales–I: An analysis of factors underlying seasonal patterns (1982) Int. J. Epidemiol, 11, pp. 5-14; Guerra, F. M., The basic reproduction number (R0) of measles: A systematic review (2017) Lancet Infect. Dis, 17, pp. e420-e428; (2018) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Transmission of measles, , https://www.cdc.gov/measles/transmission.html, Accessed 11 August 2020; Measles (2015) Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine: Preventable Diseases, pp. 209-229. , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in J. Hamborsky, A. Kroger, C. Wolfe, Eds. (Public Health Foundation, 13th edition); Truelove, S. A., Characterizing the impact of spatial clustering of susceptibility for measles elimination (2019) Vaccine, 37, pp. 732-741; Gastañaduy, P. A., A measles outbreak in an underimmunized Amish community in Ohio (2016) N. Engl. J. Med, 375, pp. 1343-1354; Delamater, P. L., Leslie, T. F., Yang, Y. T., A spatiotemporal analysis of non-medical exemptions from vaccination: California schools before and after SB277 (2016) Soc. Sci. Med, 168, pp. 230-238; Delamater, P. L., Leslie, T. F., Yang, Y. T., Examining the spatiotemporal evolution of vaccine refusal: Nonmedical exemptions from vaccination in California, 2000-2013 (2018) BMC Public Health, 18, p. 458; Olive, J. K., Hotez, P. J., Damania, A., Nolan, M. S., The state of the antivaccine movement in the United States: A focused examination of nonmedical exemptions in states and counties (2018) PLoS Med, 15, p. e1002578; Lloyd-Smith, J. O., Schreiber, S. J., Kopp, P. E., Getz, W. M., Superspreading and the effect of individual variation on disease emergence (2005) Nature, 438, pp. 355-359; Sugerman, D. E., Measles outbreak in a highly vaccinated population, San Diego, 2008: Role of the intentionally undervaccinated (2010) Pediatrics, 125, pp. 747-755; Salathé, M., Bonhoeffer, S., The effect of opinion clustering on disease outbreaks (2008) J. R. Soc. Interface, 5, pp. 1505-1508; Santoli, J. M., Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine pediatric vaccine ordering and administration: United States, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 69, pp. 591-593; Bramer, C. A., Decline in child vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic: Michigan care improvement registry, May 2016–May 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 69, pp. 630-631; Moran, P. A. P., Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena (1950) Biometrika, 37, pp. 17-23; Iceland, J., Weinberg, D. H., Steinmetz, E., (2002) Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation in the United States: 1980-2000. Appendix B. Measures of Residential Segregation, , https://www.census.gov/library/publications/2002/dec/censr-3.html, U.S. Census Bureau, Series CENSR-3, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Accessed 11 August 2020; Gelman, A., Carlin, J., Beyond power calculations: Assessing type S (sign) and type M (magnitude) errors (2014) Perspect. Psychol. Sci, 9, pp. 641-651; Masters, N., Measles-Spatial-Clustering-and-Aggregation-Effects (Version v1.0.0) GitHub, , http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4050445; Brownwright, T. K., Dodson, Z. M., van Panhuis, W. G., Spatial clustering of measles vaccination coverage among children in sub-Saharan Africa (2017) BMC Public Health, 17, p. 957; Tatem, A. J., Innovation to impact in spatial epidemiology (2018) BMC Med, 16, p. 209; Leslie, T. F., Street, E. J., Delamater, P. L., Yang, Y. T., Jacobsen, K. H., Variation in vaccination data available at school entry across the United States (2016) Am. J. Public Health, 106, pp. 2180-2182; Hill, H. A., Elam-Evans, L. D., Yankey, D., Singleton, J. A., Kolasa, M., National, state, and selected local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19–35 months: United States, 2014 (2015) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 64, pp. 889-896; Sartorius, B., Identifying high-risk areas for sporadic measles outbreaks: Lessons from South Africa (2013) Bull. World Health Organ, 91, pp. 174-183; Ntirampeba, D., Neema, I., Kazembe, L., Modelling spatio-temporal patterns of disease for spatially misaligned data: An application on measles incidence data in Namibia from 2005–2014 (2018) PLoS One, 13, p. e0201700; Kundrick, A., Sub-national variation in measles vaccine coverage and outbreak risk: A case study from a 2010 outbreak in Malawi (2018) BMC Public Health, 18, pp. 741-751; Wesolowski, A., Measles outbreak risk in Pakistan: Exploring the potential of combining vaccination coverage and incidence data with novel data-streams to strengthen control (2018) Epidemiol. Infect, 146, pp. 1575-1583; Lo, N. C., Hotez, P. J., Public health and economic consequences of vaccine hesitancy for measles in the United States (2017) JAMA Pediatr, 171, pp. 887-892; Grenfell, B. T., Bjørnstad, O. N., Kappey, J., Travelling waves and spatial hierarchies in measles epidemics (2001) Nature, 414, pp. 716-723; Lessler, J., Salje, H., Grabowski, M. K., Cummings, D. A. T., Measuring spatial dependence for infectious disease epidemiology (2016) PLoS One, 11, p. e0155249; Bharti, N., Explaining seasonal fluctuations of measles in Niger using nighttime lights imagery (2011) Science, 334, pp. 1424-1427; Utazi, C. E., High resolution age-structured mapping of childhood vaccination coverage in low and middle income countries (2018) Vaccine, 36, pp. 1583-1591 PY - 2020 SN - 00278424 (ISSN) SP - 28506-28514 ST - Fine-scale spatial clustering of measles nonvaccination that increases outbreak potential is obscured by aggregated reporting data T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - Fine-scale spatial clustering of measles nonvaccination that increases outbreak potential is obscured by aggregated reporting data UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096079723&doi=10.1073%2fpnas.2011529117&partnerID=40&md5=a8f2c43f8323c5b9cad80143e75ca7f3 VL - 117 ID - 292 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many unknowns exist about human immune responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells have been reported in unexposed individuals, suggesting preexisting cross-reactive T cell memory in 20 to 50% of people. However, the source of those T cells has been speculative. Using human blood samples derived before the SARS-CoV-2 virus was discovered in 2019, we mapped 142 T cell epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 genome to facilitate precise interrogation of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire. We demonstrate a range of preexisting memory CD4+ T cells that are cross-reactive with comparable affinity to SARS-CoV-2 and the common cold coronaviruses human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1. Thus, variegated T cell memory to coronaviruses that cause the common cold may underlie at least some of the extensive heterogeneity observed in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. © 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. AD - Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA 92037, United States Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Mateus, J. AU - Grifoni, A. AU - Tarke, A. AU - Sidney, J. AU - Ramirez, S. I. AU - Dan, J. M. AU - Burger, Z. C. AU - Rawlings, S. A. AU - Smith, D. M. AU - Phillips, E. AU - Mallal, S. AU - Lammers, M. AU - Rubiro, P. AU - Quiambao, L. AU - Sutherland, A. AU - Yu, E. D. AU - Da Silva Antunes, R. AU - Greenbaum, J. AU - Frazier, A. AU - Markmann, A. J. AU - Premkumar, L. AU - De Silva, A. AU - Peters, B. AU - Crotty, S. AU - Sette, A. AU - Weiskopf, D. C2 - 32753554 C7 - eabd3871 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/science.abd3871 IS - 6512 J2 - Sci. KW - epitope HLA antigen blood cell cell component immune response severe acute respiratory syndrome virus antigen specificity Article blood sampling CD4+ T lymphocyte cell expansion cellular immunity common cold cross reaction epitope mapping HLA system human memory cell molecular recognition nonhuman open reading frame priority journal protein expression SARS coronavirus sequence homology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 T lymphocyte virus attachment virus genome virus infectivity Betacoronavirus blood donor Coronavirus infection genetics immunological memory immunology pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Blood Donors CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes Coronavirus Infections Cross Reactions Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte Genome, Viral Humans Immunologic Memory Open Reading Frames Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :168 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SCIEA Correspondence Address: Sette, A.; Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, United States; email: alex@lji.org Correspondence Address: Weiskopf, D.; Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, United States; email: daniela@lji.org Chemicals/CAS: Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte References: Dong, E., Du, H., Gardner, L., (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20, pp. 533-534; Huang, C., (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Le Bert, N., (2020) Nature; Grifoni, A., (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1489-1501. , e15; Meckiff, B. J., (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.06.12.148916; Weiskopf, D., (2020) Sci. Immunol, 5, p. eabd2071; Braun, J., Presence of SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells in COVID-19 patients and healthy donors medRxiv 2020, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.17.20061440, 2004.2017.20061440 [Preprint]. 22 April 2020; Peng, Y., (2020) bioRxiv, 2020. , 06.05.134551; Kuri-Cervantes, L., (2020) bioRxiv, 2020. , 05.18.101717; Thevarajan, I., (2020) Nat. Med, 26, pp. 453-455; Rodriguez, L., Systems-level immunomonitoring from acute to recovery phase of severe COVID-19 medRxiv 2020, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.03.20121582, 2006.2003.20121582 [Preprint]. 7 June 2020; Liu, J., (2020) EBioMedicine, 55, p. 102763; Mathew, D., (2020) Science eabc8511; Killerby, M. E., (2018) J. Clin. Virol, 101, pp. 52-56; Gorse, G. J., Patel, G. B., Vitale, J. N., O'Connor, T. Z., (2010) Clin. Vaccine Immunol, 17, pp. 1875-1880; Walsh, E. E., Shin, J. H., Falsey, A. R., (2013) J. Infect. Dis, 208, pp. 1634-1642; Nickbakhsh, S., (2020) J. Infect. Dis, 222, pp. 17-25; Kissler, S. M., Tedijanto, C., Goldstein, E., Grad, Y. H., Lipsitch, M., (2020) Science, 368, pp. 860-868; Weiskopf, D., (2016) J. Infect. Dis, 214, pp. 1117-1124; Oseroff, C., (2010) J. Immunol, 185, pp. 943-955; Weiskopf, D., (2015) J. Infect. Dis, 212, pp. 1743-1751; Voic, H., Identification and characterization of CD4+ T cell epitopes after Shingrix vaccination https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.29.227082, bioRxiv 2020/227082 [Preprint]. 29 July 2020; Madden, D. R., (1995) Annu. Rev. Immunol, 13, pp. 587-622; Carson, R. T., Vignali, K. M., Woodland, D. L., Vignali, D. A., (1997) Immunity, 7, pp. 387-399; Dan, J. M., (2016) J. Immunol, 197, pp. 983-993; Havenar-Daughton, C., (2016) J. Immunol, 197, pp. 994-1002; Reiss, S., (2017) PLOS ONE, 12, p. e0186998; Vatti, A., (2017) J. Autoimmun, 83, pp. 12-21; Kadkhoda, K., (2020) MSphere, 5, pp. e00344-20; Sallusto, F., Langenkamp, A., Geginat, J., Lanzavecchia, A., (2000) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol, 251, pp. 167-171; Grifoni, A., (2020) J. Virol, 94, pp. e00089-20; Hensen, E. J., Elferink, B. G., (1979) Nature, 277, pp. 223-225; Premkumar, L., (2020) Sci. Immunol, 5, p. eabc8413; Yuan, M., (2020) Science, 368, pp. 630-633; Wec, A. Z., (2020) Science eabc7424; Sette, A., Crotty, S., (2020) Nat. Rev. Immunol, 20, pp. 457-458 PY - 2020 SN - 00368075 (ISSN) ST - Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans T2 - Science TI - Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091967684&doi=10.1126%2fscience.abd3871&partnerID=40&md5=86cc9164ef532b16ecd5905c56c84a7d VL - 370 ID - 331 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The risks from potential exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and resource reallocation that has occurred to combat the pandemic, have altered the balance of benefits and harms that informed current (pre-COVID-19) guideline recommendations for lung cancer screening and lung nodule evaluation. Consensus statements were developed to guide clinicians managing lung cancer screening programs and patients with lung nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An expert panel of 24 members, including pulmonologists (n = 17), thoracic radiologists (n = 5), and thoracic surgeons (n = 2), was formed. The panel was provided with an overview of current evidence, summarized by recent guidelines related to lung cancer screening and lung nodule evaluation. The panel was convened by video teleconference to discuss and then vote on statements related to 12 common clinical scenarios. A predefined threshold of 70% of panel members voting agree or strongly agree was used to determine if there was a consensus for each statement. Items that may influence decisions were listed as notes to be considered for each scenario. Results: Twelve statements related to baseline and annual lung cancer screening (n = 2), surveillance of a previously detected lung nodule (n = 5), evaluation of intermediate and high-risk lung nodules (n = 4), and management of clinical stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (n = 1) were developed and modified. All 12 statements were confirmed as consensus statements according to the voting results. The consensus statements provide guidance about situations in which it was believed to be appropriate to delay screening, defer surveillance imaging of lung nodules, and minimize nonurgent interventions during the evaluation of lung nodules and stage I non–small-cell lung cancer. Conclusions: There was consensus that during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is appropriate to defer enrollment in lung cancer screening and modify the evaluation of lung nodules due to the added risks from potential exposure and the need for resource reallocation. There are multiple local, regional, and patient-related factors that should be considered when applying these statements to individual patient care. © 2020 American College of Chest Physicians, published by Elsevier Inc; RSNA; and The American College of Radiology AD - Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Research, Pasadena, CA, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia The Pulmonary Center, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, United States Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Radiology, New York University-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Hospital, Charleston, SC, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Division of Respiratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States AU - Mazzone, P. J. AU - Gould, M. K. AU - Arenberg, D. A. AU - Chen, A. C. AU - Choi, H. K. AU - Detterbeck, F. C. AU - Farjah, F. AU - Fong, K. M. AU - Iaccarino, J. M. AU - Janes, S. M. AU - Kanne, J. P. AU - Kazerooni, E. A. AU - MacMahon, H. AU - Naidich, D. P. AU - Powell, C. A. AU - Raoof, S. AU - Rivera, M. P. AU - Tanner, N. T. AU - Tanoue, L. K. AU - Tremblay, A. AU - Vachani, A. AU - White, C. S. AU - Wiener, R. S. AU - Silvestri, G. A. C2 - 32485147 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.04.024 IS - 7 J2 - J. Am. Coll. Radiol. KW - Consensus statement COVID-19 lung cancer screening lung nodule Article cancer screening cancer staging clinical evaluation computer assisted tomography coronavirus disease 2019 human intervention study lung cancer non small cell lung cancer pandemic pulmonologist radiologist teleconference thoracic surgeon treatment duration videoconferencing Betacoronavirus consensus Coronavirus infection diagnostic imaging early cancer diagnosis lung tumor multiple pulmonary nodules practice guideline virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Early Detection of Cancer Humans Lung Neoplasms Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Solitary Pulmonary Nodule LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Mazzone, P.J.; Respiratory Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave, Ste A90, United States; email: mazzonp@ccf.org References: Mazzone, P.J., Silvestri, G.A., Patel, S., Screening for lung cancer: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report (2018) Chest, 153 (4), pp. 954-985; Moyer, V.A., Screening for lung cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (2014) Ann Intern Med, 160 (5), pp. 330-338; National Comprehensive Cancer Network https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/lung_screening.pdf, (Accessed 13 April 2020); Gould, M.K., Donington, J., Lynch, W.R., Evaluation of individuals with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer? Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2013) Chest, 143, pp. e93S-e120S; MacMahon, H., Naidich, D.P., Goo, J.M., Guidelines for management of incidental pulmonary nodules detected on CT images: from the Fleischner Society 2017 (2017) Radiology, 284 (1), pp. 228-243; Baldwin, D.R., Callister, M.E., The British Thoracic Society guidelines on the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules (2015) Thorax, 70 (8), pp. 794-798; Lung CT screening reporting and data system (Lung-RADS) www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/Lung-Rads, (Accessed 13 April 2020); Swensen, S.J., Silverstein, M.D., Ilstrup, D.M., The probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules. Application to small radiologically indeterminate nodules (1997) Arch Intern Med, 157 (8), pp. 849-855; Gould, M.K., Ananth, L., Barnett, P.G., A clinical model to estimate the pretest probability of lung cancer in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (2007) Chest, 131 (2), pp. 383-388; McWilliams, A., Tammemagi, M.C., Mayo, J.R., Probability of cancer in pulmonary nodules detected on first screening CT (2013) N Engl J Med, 369 (10), pp. 910-919; Reid, M., Choi, H., Han, X., Development of a risk prediction model to estimate the probability of malignancy in pulmonary nodules being considered for biopsy (2019) Chest, 156 (2), pp. 367-375; Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html#take_precautions, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Slatore, C.G., Weiner, R.S., Pulmonary nodules: a small problem for many, severe distress for some, and how to communicate about it (2018) Chest, 153 (4), pp. 1004-1015; Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network, Inc. COVID-19 guidance for triage of operations for thoracic malignancies: a consensus statement from Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network [published online ahead of print April 4, 2020]. Ann Thoracic SurgUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086702750&doi=10.1016%2fj.jacr.2020.04.024&partnerID=40&md5=1a32656e07f81c8b6952cb0d870181d4 PY - 2020 SN - 15461440 (ISSN) SP - 845-854 ST - Management of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST Expert Panel Report T2 - Journal of the American College of Radiology TI - Management of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST Expert Panel Report VL - 17 ID - 461 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The risks from potential exposure to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and resource reallocation that has occurred to combat the pandemic, have altered the balance of benefits and harms that informed current (pre-COVID-19) guideline recommendations for lung cancer screening and lung nodule evaluation. Consensus statements were developed to guide clinicians managing lung cancer screening programs and patients with lung nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An expert panel of 24 members, including pulmonologists (n = 17), thoracic radiologists (n = 5), and thoracic surgeons (n = 2), was formed. The panel was provided with an overview of current evidence, summarized by recent guidelines related to lung cancer screening and lung nodule evaluation. The panel was convened by video teleconference to discuss and then vote on statements related to 12 common clinical scenarios. A predefined threshold of 70% of panel members voting agree or strongly agree was used to determine if there was a consensus for each statement. Items that may influence decisions were listed as notes to be considered for each scenario. Results: Twelve statements related to baseline and annual lung cancer screening (n = 2), surveillance of a previously detected lung nodule (n = 5), evaluation of intermediate and high-risk lung nodules (n = 4), and management of clinical stage I non-small cell lung cancer (n = 1) were developed and modified. All 12 statements were confirmed as consensus statements according to the voting results. The consensus statements provide guidance about situations in which it was believed to be appropriate to delay screening, defer surveillance imaging of lung nodules, and minimize nonurgent interventions during the evaluation of lung nodules and stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Conclusions: There was consensus that during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is appropriate to defer enrollment in lung cancer screening and modify the evaluation of lung nodules due to the added risks from potential exposure and the need for resource reallocation. There are multiple local, regional, and patient-related factors that should be considered when applying these statements to individual patient care. © 2020 The American College of Chest Physicians, published by Elsevier Inc; RSNA; and The American College of Radiology, Published by Elsevier Inc AD - Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Research, Pasadena, CA, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia The Pulmonary Center, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA, United States Lungs for Living Research Centre, University College London, London, England, United Kingdom Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Radiology, New York University-Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Health Equity and Rural Outreach Innovation Center, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Hospital, Charleston, SC, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Division of Respiratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States Center for Healthcare Organization & Implementation Research, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States AU - Mazzone, P. J. AU - Gould, M. K. AU - Arenberg, D. A. AU - Chen, A. C. AU - Choi, H. K. AU - Detterbeck, F. C. AU - Farjah, F. AU - Fong, K. M. AU - Iaccarino, J. M. AU - Janes, S. M. AU - Kanne, J. P. AU - Kazerooni, E. A. AU - MacMahon, H. AU - Naidich, D. P. AU - Powell, C. A. AU - Raoof, S. AU - Rivera, M. P. AU - Tanner, N. T. AU - Tanoue, L. K. AU - Tremblay, A. AU - Vachani, A. AU - White, C. S. AU - Wiener, R. S. AU - Silvestri, G. A. C2 - 32335067 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.020 IS - 1 J2 - Chest KW - consensus statement COVID-19 lung cancer screening lung nodule Article cancer screening cancer staging clinical evaluation consensus development coronavirus disease 2019 disease surveillance human lung cancer medical care medical decision making pandemic practice guideline priority journal pulmonologist radiologist surgeon videoconferencing Betacoronavirus consensus Coronavirus infection diagnostic imaging early cancer diagnosis isolation and purification lung tumor multiple pulmonary nodules non small cell lung cancer pathology procedures resource allocation risk assessment thorax radiography virus pneumonia Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung Coronavirus Infections Early Detection of Cancer Humans Lung Neoplasms Neoplasm Staging Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Radiography, Thoracic LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :20 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CHETB Correspondence Address: Mazzone, P.J.; Respiratory Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave, Ste A90, United States; email: mazzonp@ccf.org References: Mazzone, P.J., Silvestri, G.A., Patel, S., Screening for lung cancer: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report (2018) Chest, 153 (4), pp. 954-985; Moyer, V.A., Screening for lung cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement (2014) Ann Intern Med, 160 (5), pp. 330-338; National Comprehensive Cancer Network https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/lung_screening.pdf, (Accessed 13 April 2020); Gould, M.K., Donington, J., Lynch, W.R., Evaluation of individuals with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer? Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2013) Chest, 143, pp. e93S-e120S; MacMahon, H., Naidich, D.P., Goo, J.M., Guidelines for management of incidental pulmonary nodules detected on CT images: from the Fleischner Society 2017 (2017) Radiology, 284 (1), pp. 228-243; Baldwin, D.R., Callister, M.E., The British Thoracic Society guidelines on the investigation and management of pulmonary nodules (2015) Thorax, 70 (8), pp. 794-798; Lung CT screening reporting and data system (Lung-RADS) www.acr.org/Clinical-Resources/Reporting-and-Data-Systems/Lung-Rads, (Accessed 13 April 2020); Swensen, S.J., Silverstein, M.D., Ilstrup, D.M., The probability of malignancy in solitary pulmonary nodules. Application to small radiologically indeterminate nodules (1997) Arch Intern Med, 157 (8), pp. 849-855; Gould, M.K., Ananth, L., Barnett, P.G., A clinical model to estimate the pretest probability of lung cancer in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules (2007) Chest, 131 (2), pp. 383-388; McWilliams, A., Tammemagi, M.C., Mayo, J.R., Probability of cancer in pulmonary nodules detected on first screening CT (2013) N Engl J Med, 369 (10), pp. 910-919; Reid, M., Choi, H., Han, X., Development of a risk prediction model to estimate the probability of malignancy in pulmonary nodules being considered for biopsy (2019) Chest, 156 (2), pp. 367-375; Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for patients with suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in healthcare settings https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html#take_precautions, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Slatore, C.G., Weiner, R.S., Pulmonary nodules: a small problem for many, severe distress for some, and how to communicate about it (2018) Chest, 153 (4), pp. 1004-1015; Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network, Inc., COVID-19 guidance for triage of operations for thoracic malignancies: a consensus statement from Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network [published online ahead of print April 4, 2020]. Ann Thoracic SurgUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084854714&doi=10.1016%2fj.chest.2020.04.020&partnerID=40&md5=00e74ac7f77e0df4d4f4b00626dd4fc2 PY - 2020 SN - 00123692 (ISSN) SP - 406-415 ST - Management of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST Expert Panel Report T2 - Chest TI - Management of Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: CHEST Expert Panel Report VL - 158 ID - 470 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Epidemiology of the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak focuses on individuals' biology and behaviors, despite centrality of occupational environments in the viral spread. This demonstrates collusion between epidemiology and racial capitalism because it obscures structural inf luences, absolving industries of responsibility for worker safety. In an empirical example, we analyzed economic implications of race-based metrics widely used in occupational epidemiology. In the United States, White adults have better average lung function and worse hearing than Black adults. Impaired lung function and impaired hearing are both criteria for workers' compensation claims, which are ultimately paid by industry. Compensation for respiratory injury is determined using a race-specific algorithm. For hearing, there is no race adjustment. Selective use of race-specific algorithms for workers' compensation reduces industries' liability for worker health, illustrating racial capitalism operating within public health. Widespread and unexamined belief in inherent physiological inferiority of Black Americans perpetuates systems that limit industry payouts for workplace injuries. We see a parallel in the epidemiology of COVID-19 disparities. We tell stories of industries implicated in the outbreak and review how they exemplify racial capitalism. We call on public health professionals to critically evaluate who is served and neglected by data analysis and to center structural determinants of health in etiological evaluation. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of African and African Diaspora Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States Center for Women's and Gender Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States Jay Weiss Institute for Health Equity, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States AU - McClure, E. S. AU - Vasudevan, P. AU - Bailey, Z. AU - Patel, S. AU - Robinson, W. R. C2 - 32619007 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/aje/kwaa126 IS - 11 J2 - Am. J. Epidemiol. KW - Capitalism COVID-19 Health disparities Occupational health Racism Work compensation epidemiology etiology public health racial disparity viral disease virus workplace agricultural worker awards and prizes construction worker coronavirus disease 2019 correctional facility detention center disease transmission empiricism health disparity health practitioner hearing hearing impairment heart center human lung disease lung function meat packer nursing home occupational hazard race race difference Review worker adult African American Betacoronavirus Caucasian Coronavirinae Coronavirus infection ethnology pandemic socioeconomics United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus African Americans Coronavirus Infections European Continental Ancestry Group Health Status Disparities Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Socioeconomic Factors LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :29 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJEPA Correspondence Address: Robinson, W.R.; Department of Epidemiology, Campus Box 7435, 401 Pittsboro Street, United States; email: whitney_robinson@unc.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, T32 ES007018, T32 HD007168 Funding text 1: This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health (grants T32 ES007018 and T32 HD007168). References: (2020), http://www.mncourts.gov/media/StateofMinnesotavDerekChauvin, State of Minnesota Judicial Branch. 27-CR-20-12646: State Derek Chauvin. St Paul, MN: State of Minnesota Judicial Branch; Accessed August 12, 2020; Crump, B., Independent medical examiners determined #GeorgeFloyd's death was due to asphyxia from sustained forceful pressure, , https://t.co/cIbWu8ssWX.https://twitter.com/attorneycrump/status/1267540974244442112, Full statement: Posted June 1, 2020. Accessed June 2, 2020; Pareek, M, Bangash, MN, Pareek, N, Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority (2020) Lancet, 395 (10234), pp. 1421-1422; Bailey, ZD, Moon, JR., Racism and the political economy of COVID-19: will we continue to resurrect the past? (2005) J Health Polit Policy Law, , [published online ahead of print May 28); Freshour, C, Williams, B., Abolition in the time of covid-19 Antipode, , https://antipodeonline.org/2020/04/09/abolition-inthe-time-of-covid-19/, Accessed May 18, 2020; Laster Pirtle, WN., Racial capitalism: a fundamental cause of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic inequities in the United States (2020) Health Educ Behav, 47 (4), pp. 504-508; Robinson, CJ., (2000) Black Marxism: the Making of the Black Radical Tradition, , Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press; Pulido, L., Geographies of race and ethnicity II: environmental racism, racial capitalism and state-sanctioned violence (2017) Prog Hum Geogr, 41 (4), pp. 524-533; Poteat, T, Millett, G, Nelson, LE, Understanding COVID-19 risks and vulnerabilities among Black communities in America: the lethal force of syndemics (2020) Ann Epidemiol, 47, pp. 1-3; Employed persons by detailed industry, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, , https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat18.htm, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Accessed May 20, 2020; Coronavirus guidelines for America, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/coronavirus-guidelines-america/, Office of the White House. Accessed June 2, 2020; Godin, M., Indigenous groups are taking on governments over coronavirus failures, , https://time.com/5808257/indigenous-communities-coronavirus-impact/, Accessed June 2, 2020; Gennetian, LA, Johnson, MS., Work-based risks to Latino workers and their families from COVID-19, , https://econofact.org/work-based-risks-to-latino-workers-and-their-familiesfrom-covid-19, Accessed June 13, 2020; Alkon, AH, Bowen, S, Kato, Y, Unequally vulnerable: a food justice approach to racial disparities in COVID-19 cases (2020) Agric Hum Values, 37, pp. 535-536; COVID-19 in racial and ethnic minority groups, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/racial-ethnicminorities.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed June 2, 2020; Kaplan, R., Physicians' risk from COVID-19: a reassuring statistic, , https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/85902, Accessed June 2, 2020; Krieger, N, Chen, JT, Waterman, PD, The inverse hazard law: blood pressure, sexual harassment, racial discrimination, workplace abuse and occupational exposures in US low-income black, white and Latino workers (2008) Soc Sci Med, 67 (12), pp. 1970-1981; Rational use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for coronavirus disease (COVID-19): interim guidance, , https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331498/WHO-2019-nCoV-IPCPPE_use-2020.2-eng.pdf, World Health Organization. Accessed June 13, 2020; (2018) Percentage of all active physicians by race/ethnicity, , https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/interactive-data/figure-18-percentage-all-active-physicians-race/ethnicity-2018, Association of American Medical Colleges. Accessed June 13, 2020; Roberts, DE., (2011) Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-create Race in the Twenty-first Century, , New York, NY: New Press; Wing, S., Limits of epidemiology (1994) Med Global Survival, 1 (2), pp. 74-86; Krieger, N., (2011) Epidemiology and the People's Health, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Hoffman, KM, Trawalter, S, Axt, JR, Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci, 113 (16), pp. 4296-4301; Bailey, ZD, Krieger, N, Agénor, M, Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions (2017) Lancet, 389 (10077), pp. 1453-1463; Zuberi, T, Bonilla-Silva, E., (2008) White Logic, White Methods: Racism and Methodology, , Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc; Kendi, IX., (2019) How to Be an Antiracist, , New York, NY: Random House Publishing Group; Safety and health topics | occupational noise exposure, , https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/noisehearingconservation/, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Accessed January 7, 2020; Pulmonary function testing training requirements and spirometer transmission of disease, , https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/1993-06-17-0, Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Accessed January 7, 2020; Kongerud, J, Grønnesby, JK, Magnus, P., Respiratory symptoms and lung function of aluminum potroom workers (1990) Scand J Work Environ Health, 16 (4), pp. 270-277; Sengupta, I, Reno, VP, Burton, J, (2010) Workers' compensation: benefits, coverage, and costs, , https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=2131336, Accessed January 7, 2020; Hankinson, JL, Odencrantz, JR, Fedan, KB., Spirometric reference values from a sample of the general U.S. population (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 159 (1), pp. 179-187; Helzner, EP, Cauley, JA, Pratt, SR, Race and sex differences in age-related hearing loss: the health, aging and body composition study (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc, 53 (12), pp. 2119-2127; Lin, FR, Maas, P, Chien, W, Association of skin color, race/ethnicity, and hearing loss among adults in the USA (2012) J Assoc Res Otolaryngol, 13 (1), pp. 109-117; Agrawal, Y, Platz, EA, Niparko, JK., Prevalence of hearing loss and differences by demographic characteristics among US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004 (2008) Arch Intern Med, 168 (14), pp. 1522-1530; Jerger, J, Jerger, S, Pepe, P, Race difference in susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss (1986) Am J Otol, 7 (6), pp. 425-429; Agrawal, Y, Niparko, JK, Dobie, RA., Estimating the effect of occupational noise exposure on hearing thresholds: the importance of adjusting for confounding variables (2010) Ear Hear, 31 (2), pp. 234-237; Rondinelli, R., (2007) AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, , 6th ed. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association; Division of Federal Employees' Compensation (DFEC): A.M.A. Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, , https://www.dol.gov/owcp/dfec/AMAGuideEvalPermImpair6thEd.htm, US Department of Labor. 6th Edition. Accessed January 9, 2020; SPIROLA software-NIOSH workplace safety and health topic, , https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/spirometry/spirola-software.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed February 14, 2020; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data: audiometry data, , https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/1999-2000/AUX1.htm#AUXU500L, National Center for Health Statistics. Accessed February 19, 2020; Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretative strategies (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis, 144 (5), pp. 1202-1218. , American Thoracic Society; Holford, TR, Levy, DT, Meza, R., Comparison of smoking history patterns among African American and White cohorts in the United States born 1890 to 1990 (2016) Nicotine Tob Res, 18, pp. S16-S29. , (suppl_1); Dyal, JW., COVID-19 among workers in meat and poultry processing facilities - 19 states, April 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 6946 (18), pp. 557-561; Wacquant, L, Slater, T, Pereira, VB., Territorial stigmatization in action (2014) Environ Plan A, 46 (6), pp. 1270-1280; Samaha, A, Baker, K., Smithfield Foods is blaming “living circumstances in certain cultures” for one of America's largest COVID-19 clusters Buzzfeed, , https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/albertsamaha/smithfield-foodscoronavirus-outbreak, Accessed May 20, 2020; Torres, R, Heyman, R, Munoz, S, Building Austin, building justice: immigrant construction workers, precarious labor regimes and social citizenship (2013) Geoforum, 45, pp. 145-155; Building a better Texas: construction working conditions in the Lone Star State, , https://www.workersdefense.org/construction-workingconditions-in-the-lone-star-state/, Workers Defense Project. Accessed June 2, 2020; Build a better nation: a case for comprehensive immigration reform, , https://www.workersdefense.org/immigration-report/, Workers Defense Project. Accessed June 2, 2020; Stay home-work safe order information, , https://austintexas.gov/department/covid-19-information/stay-home-order, State of Texas. Accessed June 2, 2020; Pasco, R, Du, Z, Wang, X, COVID-19 in Austin, Texas: epidemiological assessment of construction work, , https://cid.utexas.edu/sites/default/files/cid/files/covid-19_austin_construction_workforce-meyers_ut-040520.pdf, Accessed June 2, 2020; Work session of the Austin City Council, item B001-briefing on matters related to COVID-19, , https://www.austintexas.gov/department/citycouncil/2020/20200519-wrk.htm, City of Austin, Texas. Accessed June 2, 2020; Wilson, M, Hawkins, L., Coronavirus in Austin: virus clusters showing up in construction, other industries https://www.statesman.com/news/20200519/coronavirus-in-austin-virus-clustersshowing-up-in-construction-other-industries, Austin American-Statesman. Accessed June 2, 2020; Adeni, H, Streicher, B., Austin health officials seeing spike in COVID-19 cases among construction workers KVUE, , https://www.kvue.com/article/news/health/coronavirus/austin-covid-19-coronavirus-cases-constructionhotspots/269-844d3a4e-a2f1-49fc-b9f8-6bfda4921798, Accessed June 2, 2020; Escott, M., COVID-19: contact tracing & cluster investigation, , https://dellmed.utexas.edu/virtual-town-hallfor-the-medical-community, May 14: Accessed June 2, 2020; Olivo, A, Lang, MJ, Harden, JD., Crowded housing and essential jobs: why so many Latinos are getting coronavirus Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/latinos-coronavirus/2020/05/25/6b5c882a-946e-11ea-82b4-c8db161ff6e5_story.html, Accessed June 2, 2020; McGlinchy, A., Construction in Texas is “essential” during the pandemic. Workers worry their health is not KUT, , https://www.kut.org/post/construction-texas-essential-duringpandemic-workers-worry-their-health-not, Accessed June 2, 2020; Douglas, M, Katikireddi, SV, Taulbut, M, Mitigating the wider health effects of covid-19 pandemic response (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1557; Aguirre, BE, Wolinsky, FD, Niederauer, J, Occupational prestige in the health care delivery system (1989) J Health Soc Behav, 30 (3), pp. 315-329; Carville, O, Court, E, Brown, KV, Hospitals tell doctors they'll be fired if they speak out about lack of gear Fortune, , https://fortune.com/2020/03/31/coronavirus-shortageshospitals-doctors-fired-face-masks-ppe/, Accessed June 5, 2020; Lu, M., These are the occupations with the highest COVID-19 risk, , https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/occupationshighest-covid19-risk/, Accessed June 5, 2020; Pasquini, M., Three New York City hospital workers died from coronavirus weeks after handing out masks People Magazine, , https://people.com/health/nyc-hospitals-workersdied-coronavirus-after-handing-out-masks/, Accessed June 5, 2020; COVID-19 nursing home data, , https://data.cms.gov/stories/s/COVID-19Nursing-Home-Data/bkwz-xpvg/, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Accessed June 5, 2020; Ronald, LA, McGregor, MJ, Harrington, C, Observational evidence of for-profit delivery and inferior nursing home care: when is there enough evidence for policy change? (2016) PLoS Med, 13 (4), p. e1001995; Hurtado, DA, Sabbath, EL, Ertel, KA, Racial disparities in job strain among American and immigrant long-term care workers (2012) Int Nurs Rev, 59 (2), pp. 237-244; Seblega, BK, Zhang, NJ, Unruh, LY, Changes in nursing home staffing levels, 1997 to 2007 (2010) Med Care Res Rev, 67 (2), pp. 232-246; Glenn, EN., From servitude to service work: historical continuities in the racial division of paid reproductive labor (1992) Signs, 18 (1), pp. 1-43; (2019) U.S. nursing assistants employed in nursing homes: key facts, , https://phinational.org/resource/u-s-nursingassistants-employed-in-nursing-homes-key-facts-2019/, PHI. Accessed June 5, 2020; Tahir, D, Cancryn, A., Bad state data hides coronavirus threat as Trump pushes reopening Politico, , https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/27/bad-state-coronavirus-data-trumpreopening-286143, Accessed June 5, 2020; Khimm, S., The forgotten front line: Nursing home workers say they face retaliation for reporting COVID-19 risks NBC News, , https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/forgottenfront-line-nursing-home-workers-say-they-face-retaliationn1209606, Accessed June 5, 2020; Chidambaram, P., State reporting of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in long-term care facilities, , https://www.kff.org/coronavirus-covid-19/issue-brief/state-reporting-of-cases-and-deaths-due-to-covid-19-in-long-term-care-facilities/, Accessed June 5, 2020; Himmelstein, KEW, Venkataramani, AS., Economic vulnerability among US female health care workers: potential impact of a $15-per-hour minimum wage (2019) Am J Public Health, 109 (2), pp. 198-205; BOP statistics: staff ethnicity/race, , https://www.bop.gov/about/statistics/statistics_staff_ethnicity_race.jsp, Federal Bureau of Prisons. Accessed May 18, 2020; Trevizo, P., COVID-19 cases at one Texas immigration detention center soared in a matter of days. Now, town leaders want answers ProPublica, , https://www.propublica.org/article/covid-19-cases-at-one-texas-immigrationdetention-center-soared-in-a-matter-of-days-now-town-leaders-want-answers, Accessed June 13, 2020; Davidson, J., Unions for prison, VA workers file “imminent danger” reports about coronavirus conditions Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/unions-forprison-va-workers-file-imminent-danger-reports-aboutcoronavirus-conditions/2020/04/08/78962ea0-79e4-11ea-8cec-530b4044a458_story.html, Accessed June 13, 2020; Reitman, J., 'Something is going to explode': when coronavirus strikes a prison New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/18/magazine/oakdale-federal-prisoncoronavirus.html, Accessed June 13, 2020; BOP: COVID-19 update, , https://www.bop.gov/coronavirus/index.jsp, Federal Bureau of Prisons. Accessed June 13, 2020; Sengupta, S., A N.Y. nurse dies. Angry co-workers blame a lack of protective gear New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/nyregion/nurse-dies-coronavirusmount-sinai.html, Accessed June 15, 2020; Hong, N., 3 hospital workers gave out masks. Weeks later, they all were dead New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/04/nyregion/coronavirus-ny-hospital-workers.html, Accessed June 15, 2020; Allen, G., National Public Radio, , https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/20/859741245/floridagovernor-defends-firing-of-top-data-scientist, Florida governor defends firing of top data scientist, Accessed June 15, 2020; McGlade, C., Arizona: Revealing nursing homes with COVID-19 outbreaks would hurt businesses New York Times, , https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizonahealth/2020/05/15/arizona-disclosing-nursing-homes-havecovid-19-would-hurt-business/5203600002/, Accessed June 5, 2020; Roberts, L., State won't name nursing homes where seniors are dying because it's.... bad publicity? https://www.azcentral.com/story/opinion/op-ed/laurieroberts/2020/05/17/state-admits-why-wont-namenursing-homes-covid-19-bad-publicity/5210671002/, AZCentral. Accessed June 5, 2020; Vinten-Johansen, P, Brody, H, Paneth, N, (2003) Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine: A Life of John Snow, , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Ford, CL, Airhihenbuwa, CO., Critical race theory, race equity, and public health: toward antiracism praxis (2010) Am J Public Health, 100, pp. S30-S35. , (suppl 1) PY - 2020 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) SP - 1244-1253 ST - Racial capitalism within public health-how occupational settings drive covid-19 disparities T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology TI - Racial capitalism within public health-how occupational settings drive covid-19 disparities UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089691872&doi=10.1093%2faje%2fkwaa126&partnerID=40&md5=884f34832f7b29930658be58cfba44f4 VL - 189 ID - 312 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States RTI International, Research Triangle ParkNC, United States Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - McCoy, S. I. AU - MacDonald, P. D. M. C2 - 32492355 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/0033354920935075 10.1007/s10900-013-9750-5, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23942945; Turnock, B.J., Thompson, J., Baker, E.L., Opportunity knocks but twice for public health preparedness centers (2010) Public Health Rep, 125, pp. 1-3. , doi:10.1177/00333549101250S501, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137128; Baker, E.L., Lichtveld, M.Y., MacDonald, P.D., The Centers for Public Health Preparedness program: from vision to reality (2010) Public Health Rep, 125, pp. 4-7. , doi:10.1177/00333549101250S502, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137129; Watson, C.R., Watson, M., Sell, T.K., Public health preparedness funding: key programs and trends from 2001 to 2017 (2017) Am J Public Health, 107, pp. S165-S167. , doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303963, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28892451; Inglesby, T., Sosin, D.M., Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Centers (PERRC) Mid-Project Review: A Report From the Board of Scientific Counselors (BSC). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2012, , https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/science/documents/erpo_review_perrc_program_review_workgroup_report_final2.pdf, Accessed March 23, 2020; Sobelson, R.K., Young, A.C., Evaluation of a federally funded workforce development program: the Centers for Public Health Preparedness (2013) Eval Program Plann, 37, pp. 50-57. , doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2013.01.001, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23380597; Sanger, D.E., Lipton, E., Sullivan, E., Crowley, M., Before virus outbreak, a cascade of warnings went unheeded. New York Times. March 19, 2020, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/19/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-outbreak.html, Accessed March 23, 2020; Leider, J.P., Coronado, F., Beck, A.J., Harper, E., Reconciling supply and demand for state and local public health staff in an era of retiring baby boomers (2018) Am J Prev Med, 54 (3), pp. 334-340. , doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2017.10.026, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29336862; Sellers, K., Leider, J.P., Gould, E., The state of the US governmental public health workforce, 2014-2017 (2019) Am J Public Health, 109 (5), pp. 674-680. , doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305011, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30896986; McNeil, D., The virus can be stopped, but only with harsh steps, experts say. New York Times. March 22, 2020, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/22/health/coronavirus-restrictions-us.html, Accessed March 23, 2020; Disease intervention specialist certification project: final report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2017, , https://www.ncsddc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/PHAB-FinalExec-Summary_Web-1.pdf, Accessed March 23, 2020; MacDonald, P.D., Nelson, A.L., Hightow-Weidman, L., Leone, P.A., Disease intervention specialists as a resource in a public health emergency (2007) Biosecur Bioterror, 5 (3), pp. 239-248. , doi:10.1089/bsp.2007.0019, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17903092; Erwin, P.C., Harris, J., Wong, R., Plepys, C.M., Brownson, R.C., The academic health department: academic–practice partnerships among accredited U.S. schools and programs of public health, 2015 (2016) Public Health Rep, 131 (4), pp. 630-636. , doi:10.1177/0033354916662223, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27453611; Erwin, P.C., Parks, R.G., Mazzucca, S., Evidence-based public health provided through local health departments: importance of academic–practice partnerships (2019) Am J Public Health, 109 (5), pp. 739-747. , doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.304958, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30896995; Krasna, H., Kornfeld, J., Cushman, L., Ni, S., Antoniou, P., March, D., The new public health workforce: employment outcomes of public health graduate students (2019) J Public Health Manag Pract, , doi:10.1097/PHH.0000000000000976, 30925525, Published online March 27; Brown-Podgorski, B.L., Holmes, A.M., Golembiewski, E.H., Jackson, J.R., Menachemi, N., Employment trends among public health doctoral recipients, 2003-2015 (2018) Am J Public Health, 108 (9), pp. 1171-1177. , doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304553, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30024807; Alexander, L.K., Horney, J.A., Markiewicz, M., MacDonald, P.D.M., 10 guiding principles of a comprehensive internet-based public health preparedness training and education program (2010) Public Health Rep, 125, pp. 51-60. , doi:10.1177/00333549101250S508, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137132; MacDonald, P.D.M., Alexander, L.K., Ward, A., Davis, M.V., Filling the gap: providing formal training for epidemiologists through a graduate-level online certificate in field epidemiology (2008) Public Health Rep, 123 (5), pp. 669-675. , doi:10.1177/003335490812300520, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18828424; Nelson, A.L., Bradley, L., MacDonald, P.D.M., Designing an interactive field epidemiology case study training for public health practitioners (2018) Front Public Health, 6, p. 275. , doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00275, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30320055; Horney, J.A., Evaluation of the Certificate in Community Preparedness and Disaster Management program at the University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health (2009) Public Health Rep, 124 (4), pp. 610-616. , doi:10.1177/003335490912400421, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19618800; Alexander, L.K., Dail, K., Horney, J.A., Partnering to meet training needs: a communicable-disease continuing education course for public health nurses in North Carolina (2008) Public Health Rep, 123, pp. 36-43. , doi:10.1177/00333549081230S206, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18770918; Rosselli, R.T., Davis, M.K., Simeonsson, K., An academic/government partnership to provide technical assistance with pandemic influenza planning to local health departments in North Carolina (2010) Public Health Rep, 125, pp. 92-99. , doi:10.1177/00333549101250S513, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137135; Hegle, J., Markiewicz, M., Benson, P., Horney, J., Rosselli, R., MacDonald, P., Lessons learned from North Carolina public health regional surveillance teams’ regional exercises (2011) Biosecur Bioterror, 9 (1), pp. 41-47. , doi:10.1089/bsp.2010.0061, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21361796; Thomas, J.C., MacDonald, P.D., Wenink, E., Ethical decision making in a crisis: a case study of ethics in public health emergencies (2009) J Public Health Manag Pract, 15 (2), pp. E16-E21. , doi:10.1097/01.PHH.0000346021.06803.76, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19202402; Pogreba-Brown, K., Weiss, J., Briggs, G., Student outbreak response teams: lessons learned from a decade of collaboration (2017) Public Health, 149, pp. 60-64. , doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2017.04.013, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28551472; MacDonald, P.D.M., Davis, M.K., Horney, J.A., Review of the UNC Team Epi-Aid graduate student epidemiology response program six years after implementation (2010) Public Health Rep, 125, pp. 70-77. , doi:10.1177/00333549101250S510, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137134; Simckes, M., Melius, B., Hawkins, V., Lindquist, S., Baseman, J., An academic–practice partnership at the University of Washington School of Public Health: the Student Epidemic Action Leaders (SEAL) team (2018) Public Health Rep, 133 (6), pp. 749-758. , doi:10.1177/0033354918798805, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30300568; Horney, J.A., MacDonald, P.D., Academic public health community responds to hurricanes: a history of the University of North Carolina School of Public Health response and new infrastructure, 1999-2006 (2007) Public Health Rep, 122 (2), pp. 270-276. , doi:10.1177/003335490712200219, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17357371; Leinhos, M., Qari, S.H., Williams-Johnson, M., Preparedness and emergency response research centers: using a public health systems approach to improve all-hazards preparedness and response (2014) Public Health Rep, 129, pp. 8-18. , doi:10.1177/00333549141296S403, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25355970 IS - 4 J2 - Public Health Rep. KW - academic health departments academic public health financing pandemic preparedness public health practice security clinical practice coronavirus disease 2019 disease surveillance health care personnel health care policy health care practice health care system human infection control library medical specialist Note pandemic influenza priority journal public health public health service Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 university hospital workforce disaster planning global health influenza international cooperation organization and management United States Academic Medical Centers Humans Influenza, Human Security Measures LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PHRPA Correspondence Address: McCoy, S.I.; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, United States; email: smccoy@berkeley.edu PY - 2020 SN - 00333549 (ISSN) SP - 420-423 ST - Need to Amplify Health Security? Fuse Academia and Practice T2 - Public Health Reports TI - Need to Amplify Health Security? Fuse Academia and Practice UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085945849&doi=10.1177%2f0033354920935075&partnerID=40&md5=3c57d02096870b30a6fc1093780775b0 VL - 135 ID - 467 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Active learning improves undergraduate STEM course comprehension; however, student comprehension using different active learning methods and student perception of active learning have not been fully explored. We analyze ten semesters (six years) of an undergraduate biology course (honors and non-honors sections) to understand student comprehension and student satisfaction using a variety of active learning methods. First, we describe and introduce active learning subtypes. Second, we explore the efficacy of active learning subtypes. Third, we compare student comprehension between course material taught with active learning or lecturing within a course. Finally, we determine student satisfaction with active learning using a survey. We divide active learning into five subtypes based on established learning taxonomies and student engagement. We explore subtype comprehension efficacy (median % correct) compared to lecture learning (median 92% correct): Recognition (100%), Reflective (100%), Exchanging (94.1%), Constructive (93.8%), and Analytical (93.3%). A bivariate random intercept model adjusted by honors shows improved exam performance in subsequent exams and better course material comprehension when taught using active learning compared to lecture learning (2.2% versus 1.2%). The student survey reveals a positive trend over six years of teaching in the Perceived Individual Utility component of active learning (tau = 0.21, p = 0.014), but not for the other components (General Theoretical Utility, and Team Situation). We apply our findings to the COVID-19 pandemic and suggest active learning adaptations for newly modified online courses. Overall, our results suggest active learning subtypes may be useful for differentiating student comprehension, provide additional evidence that active learning is more beneficial to student comprehension, and show that student perceptions of active learning are positively changing. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AD - Departments of Biostatistics and Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - McGreevy, K. M. AU - Church, F. C. C7 - 185 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/educsci10070185 IS - 7 J2 - Educ. Sci. KW - Active learning subtypes Biology COVID-19 Innovations in education STEM Student active learning survey Student engagement Team-based skills Undergraduate (target learners) LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Church, F.C.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United States; email: fchurch@med.unc.edu References: Cohn, D., Atlas, L., Ladner, R., Improving generalization with active learning (1994) Mach. Learn, 15, pp. 201-221. , [CrossRef]; Auerbach, A., Higgins, M., Brickman, P., Andrews, T., Teacher knowledge for active-learning instruction: Expert-novice comparison reveals differences (2018) CBE Life Sci. Educ, 17, p. ar12. , [CrossRef]; Grabinger, R.S., Dunlap, J.C., Rich environments for active learning: A definition (1995) Assoc. Learn. Technol. J, 3, pp. 5-34. , [CrossRef]; Johnson, D.W., Johnson, R.T., Smith, K.A., Active learning: Cooperation in the college classroom (2008) Ann. Rep. Educ. Psychol. Jpn, 47, pp. 29-30. , [CrossRef]; Bonwell, C.C., Eison, J.A., (1991) Active Learning: Creating Excitement in the Classroom: 1991 ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports, , The George Washington University: Washington, DC, USA; Phillips, J.M., Strategies for active learning in online continuing education (2005) J. Contin. Educ. Nurs, 36, pp. 77-83. , [CrossRef]; Prince, M., Does active learning work? A review of the research (2004) J. Eng. Educ, 93, pp. 223-231; Roehl, A., Reddy, S.L., Shannon, G.J., The flipped classroom: An opportunity to engage millennial students through active learning strategies (2013) J. Fam. Consum. Sci, 105, pp. 44-49. , [CrossRef]; Rowles, C.J., Brigham, C., Strategies to promote critical thinking and active learning (2005) Teaching in Nursing: A Guide for Faculty, 2, pp. 283-315. , Saunders: Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Schon, D.A., Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions (2010) Aust. J. Adult Learn, 50, pp. 448-451; Walker, S.E., Active learning strategies to promote critical thinking (2003) J. Athl. Train, 38, p. 263. , [PubMed]; Weinstein, C.E., Underwood, V.L., Learning strategies: The how of learning (1985) Think. Learn. Skills, 1, pp. 241-258; Youngblood, N., Beitz, J.M., Developing critical thinking with active learning strategies (2001) Nurse Educ, 26, pp. 39-42. , [CrossRef]; Braxton, J.M., Milem, J.F., Sullivan, A.S., The influence of active learning on the college student departure process: Toward a revision of Tinto’s theory (2000) J. High. Educ, 71, pp. 569-590. , [CrossRef]; Chickering, A.W., Gamson, Z.F., Seven principles for good practice in undergraduate education (1987) AAHE Bull, 3, p. 7; Georgiou, H., Sharma, M., Does using active learning in thermodynamics lectures improve students’ conceptual understanding and learning experiences? (2014) Eur. J. Phys, 36, p. 15020. , [CrossRef]; Blasco-Arcas, L., Buil, I., Hernández-Ortega, B., Sese, F.J., Using clickers in class: The role of interactivity, active collaborative learning and engagement in learning performance (2013) Comput. Educ, 62, pp. 102-110. , [CrossRef]; Carr, R., Palmer, S., Hagel, P., Active learning: The importance of developing a comprehensive measure (2015) Act. Learn. High. Educ, 16, pp. 173-186. , [CrossRef]; Stains, M., Harshman, J., Barker, M.K., Chasteen, S.V., Cole, R., DeChenne-Peters, S.E., Eagan, M., Laski, F.A., Anatomy of STEM teaching in North American universities (2018) Science, 359, pp. 1468-1470. , [CrossRef]; Santos, J., Figueiredo, A.S., Vieira, M., Innovative pedagogical practices in higher education: An integrative literature review (2019) Nurse Educ. Today, 72, pp. 12-17. , [CrossRef]; Evans, L., Bosch, M.L.V., Harrington, S., Schoofs, N., Coviak, C., Flipping the classroom in health care higher education: A systematic review (2019) Nurse Educ, 44, pp. 74-78. , [CrossRef]; Johnson, K.M., (2019) Implementing Inclusive Practices in an Active Learning STEM Classroom, , American Physiological Society: Bethesda, MD, USA; Knudson, D., Active learning and student beliefs about learning (2019) ISBS Proc. Arch, 37, p. 328; Tanner, K., Allen, D., Approaches to biology teaching and learning: Learning styles and the problem of instructional selection—Engaging all students in science courses (2004) Cell Biol. Educ, 3, pp. 197-201. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Michael, J., Where’s the evidence that active learning works? (2006) Adv. Physiol. Educ, 30, pp. 159-167. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Gopalan, C., The use of innovative active learning strategies on student learning outcomes (2016) MOJ Anat. Physiol, 2, p. 41. , [CrossRef]; Ramirez-Loaiza, M.E., Sharma, M., Kumar, G., Bilgic, M., Active learning: An empirical study of common baselines (2017) Data Min. Knowl. Discov, 31, pp. 287-313. , [CrossRef]; Journey with Parkinson’s, , https://journeywithparkinsons.com/, (accessed on 1 July 2020); Anderson, L.W., Krathwohl, D.R., (2001) A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, , Longman: New York, NY, USA; Bloom, B.S., (1956) Bloom’s Taxonomy, , David McKay: New York, NY, USA; Conklin, J., (2005) A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives Complete Edition, , JSTOR: New York, NY, USA; Fink, L.D., The power of course design to increase student engagement and learning (2007) Peer Rev, 9, pp. 13-17; Fink, L.D., (2013) Creating Significant Learning Experiences: An Integrated Approach to Designing College Courses, , John Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA; Chi, M.T., Wylie, R., The ICAP framework: Linking cognitive engagement to active learning outcomes (2014) Educ. Psychol, 49, pp. 219-243. , [CrossRef]; Kruskal, W.H., Wallis, W.A., Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis (1952) J. Am. Stat. Assoc, 47, pp. 583-621. , [CrossRef]; Critchlow, D.E., Fligner, M.A., On distribution-free multiple comparisons in the one-way analysis of variance (1991) Commun. Stat. Theory Methods, 20, pp. 127-139; Vasan, N.S., DeFouw, D.O., Compton, S., A survey of student perceptions of team-based learning in anatomy curriculum: Favorable views unrelated to grades (2009) Anat. Sci. Educ, 2, pp. 150-155. , [CrossRef]; Kendall, M.G., (1955) Rank Correlation Methods, , Hafner Publishing Co.: New York, NY, USA; Holm, S., A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure (1979) Scand. J. Stat, pp. 65-70. , [CrossRef]; Wilcoxon, F., Individual comparisons by ranking methods (1945) Biom. Bull, 1, pp. 80-83. , [CrossRef]; Mierdel, J., Bogner, F.X., Comparing the use of two different model approaches on students’ understanding of DNA models (2019) Educ. Sci, 9, p. 115. , [CrossRef]; Randler, C., Bogner, F.X., Planning experiments in science education research: Comparison of a quasi-experimental approach with a matched pair tandem design (2008) Int. J. Environ. Sci. Educ, 3, pp. 95-103; Freeman, S., Eddy, S.L., McDonough, M., Smith, M.K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., Wenderoth, M.P., Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. 8410-8415. , [CrossRef]; Springer, L., Stanne, M.E., Donovan, S.S., Effects of small-group learning on undergraduates in science, mathematics, engineering, and technology: A meta-analysis (1999) Rev. Educ. Res, 69, pp. 21-51. , [CrossRef]; Jensen, J.L., Kummer, T.A., Godoy, P.D.D.M., Improvements from a flipped classroom may simply be the fruits of active learning (2015) CBE Life Sci. Educ, 14, p. ar5. , [CrossRef] PY - 2020 SN - 22277102 (ISSN) SP - 1-15 ST - Active learning: Subtypes, intra-exam comparison, and student survey in an undergraduate biology course T2 - Education Sciences TI - Active learning: Subtypes, intra-exam comparison, and student survey in an undergraduate biology course UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090815421&doi=10.3390%2feducsci10070185&partnerID=40&md5=ac7f60ab02a3dc93fb2f4d6259c09fe8 VL - 10 ID - 552 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - McLean, S. A. C2 - 32223035 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/acem.13974 IS - 4 J2 - Acad. Emerg. Med. KW - Coronavirus disease 2019 emergency ward health care personnel human infection control infection rate leadership Note patient care priority journal Betacoronavirus Coronavirinae Coronavirus infection pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AEMEF Correspondence Address: McLean, S.A.; Institute for Trauma Recovery, United States; email: samuel_mclean@med.unc.ed PY - 2020 SN - 10696563 (ISSN) SP - 341-342 ST - A Critical COVID Metric: Your ED Staff Infection Rate T2 - Academic Emergency Medicine TI - A Critical COVID Metric: Your ED Staff Infection Rate UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083274396&doi=10.1111%2facem.13974&partnerID=40&md5=dc2d79a56edecd89e9b83f81b76dcde7 VL - 27 ID - 518 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is constantly evolving. Prior studies focused on high-case-density locations, such as the northern and western metropolitan areas of the United States. This study demonstrates continued SARS-CoV-2 evolution in a suburban southern region of the United States by high-density amplicon sequencing of symptomatic cases. 57% of strains carry the spike D614G variant, which is associated with higher genome copy numbers, and its prevalence expands with time. Four strains carry a deletion in a predicted stem loop of the 3′ UTR. The data are consistent with community spread within local populations and the larger continental United States. The data instill confidence in current testing sensitivity and validate “testing by sequencing” as an option to uncover cases, particularly nonstandard coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical presentations. This study contributes to the understanding of COVID-19 through an extensive set of genomes from a non-urban setting and informs vaccine design by defining D614G as a dominant and emergent SARS-CoV-2 isolate in the United States. © 2020 The Author(s) McNamara et al. use next-generation sequencing (NGS) with a high-density tiling array across SARS-CoV-2 to find a deletion and document how the D614G spike protein mutation rapidly swept through a rural/suburban population. D614G is associated with slightly higher viral loads. © 2020 The Author(s) AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, UNC Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, Finland Basel, Switzerland Genetics Curriculum, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States École supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique (CPE), Lyon, France Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - McNamara, R. P. AU - Caro-Vegas, C. AU - Landis, J. T. AU - Moorad, R. AU - Pluta, L. J. AU - Eason, A. B. AU - Thompson, C. AU - Bailey, A. AU - Villamor, F. C. S. AU - Lange, P. T. AU - Wong, J. P. AU - Seltzer, T. AU - Seltzer, J. AU - Zhou, Y. AU - Vahrson, W. AU - Juarez, A. AU - Meyo, J. O. AU - Calabre, T. AU - Broussard, G. AU - Rivera-Soto, R. AU - Chappell, D. L. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Damania, B. AU - Miller, M. B. AU - Dittmer, D. P. C2 - 33113345 C7 - 108352 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108352 IS - 5 J2 - Cell Rep. KW - coronavirus COVID-19 mutational landscape next-generation sequencing SARS-CoV-2 single-nucleotide variations testing by sequencing mutant protein unclassified drug virus spike protein virus spike protein D614G coronavirus spike glycoprotein spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 3' untranslated region 5' untranslated region amplicon Article cladistics controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 false positive result gene dosage gene mutation genetic variability geographic distribution high throughput sequencing human molecular evolution nonhuman phylogeny prevalence priority journal RNA sequencing rural area sensitivity and specificity Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 single nucleotide polymorphism suburban area United States virus genome virus identification virus isolation virus load virus strain virus transmission whole genome sequencing Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection genetics pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Miller, M.B.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, United States; email: melissa.miller@unchealth.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Dittmer, D.P.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, United States; email: dirkdittmer@me.com Chemicals/CAS: Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, CA016086, CA019014, CA239583 Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC Funding details: School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Funding text 1: This work was funded by NIH public health service grants CA016086 , CA019014 , and CA239583 to D.P.D. Funding was also provided by the University Cancer Research Fund and the UNC School of Medicine . This project was supported by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at UNC with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly. The authors would like to thank all the members of the Damania and Dittmer labs, Corbin Jones, and Nicole Fischer for critical reading, comments, and suggestions. We also thank the participants and the nurses and physicians at the UNC Pulmonary Intensive Care Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases who, in addition to their heroic patient care, ensure that de-identified excess samples are available for discovery research and rapidly validating novel diagnostic approaches. References: Agostini, M.L., Andres, E.L., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Sheahan, T.P., Lu, X., Smith, E.C., Jordan, R., Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease (2018) MBio, 9, p. e00221-18; Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I., Holmes, E.C., Garry, R.F., The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 450-452; Arons, M.M., Hatfield, K.M., Reddy, S.C., Kimball, A., James, A., Jacobs, J.R., Taylor, J., Oakley, L.P., Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and transmission in a skilled nursing Facility (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 2081-2090; Bartolini, B., Rueca, M., Gruber, C.E.M., Messina, F., Carletti, F., Giombini, E., Lalle, E., Colavita, F., SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic analysis, Lazio Region, Italy, February-March 2020 (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26, pp. 1842-1845; Becerra-Flores, M., Cardozo, T., SARS-CoV-2 viral spike G614 mutation exhibits higher case fatality rate (2020) Int. J. Clin. Pract., p. e13525; Bhatraju, P.K., Ghassemieh, B.J., Nichols, M., Kim, R., Jerome, K.R., Nalla, A.K., Greninger, A.L., Evans, L., Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region: case series (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 2012-2022; Cao, C., Huang, L., Liu, K., Ma, K., Tian, Y., Qin, Y., Sun, H., Wu, P., Amino acid variation analysis of surface spike glycoprotein at 614 in SARS-CoV-2 strains (2020) Genes Dis., , Published online June 2, 2020; Coronavirus disease 2019 in children—United States, February 12–April 2, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 69, pp. 422-426; Ceraolo, C., Giorgi, F.M., Genomic variance of the 2019-nCoV coronavirus (2020) J. Med. Virol., 92, pp. 522-528; Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wei, Y., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513; Consortium, C.S.M.E., Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the SARS epidemic in China (2004) Science, 303, pp. 1666-1669; Corman, V.M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D.K., Bleicker, T., Schmidt, M.L., Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR (2020) Euro Surveill., 25; The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat. Microbiol., 5, pp. 536-544; Eaaswarkhanth, M., Al Madhoun, A., Al-Mulla, F., Could the D614G substitution in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein be associated with higher COVID-19 mortality? (2020) Int. J. Infect. Dis., 96, pp. 459-460; Fauver, J.R., Petrone, M.E., Hodcroft, E.B., Shioda, K., Ehrlich, H.Y., Watts, A.G., Vogels, C.B.F., Muyombwe, A., Coast-to-coast spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the early epidemic in the United States (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 990-996.e5; Forster, P., Forster, L., Renfrew, C., Forster, M., Phylogenetic network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 9241-9243; Genomic epidemiology of hCoV-19 (2020), https://www.gisaid.org/epiflu-applications/phylodynamics/; Goebel, S.J., Hsue, B., Dombrowski, T.F., Masters, P.S., Characterization of the RNA components of a putative molecular switch in the 3′ untranslated region of the murine coronavirus genome (2004) J. Virol., 78, pp. 669-682; Graham, R.L., Becker, M.M., Eckerle, L.D., Bolles, M., Denison, M.R., Baric, R.S., A live, impaired-fidelity coronavirus vaccine protects in an aged, immunocompromised mouse model of lethal disease (2012) Nat. Med., 18, pp. 1820-1826; Graham, R.L., Deming, D.J., Deming, M.E., Yount, B.L., Baric, R.S., Evaluation of a recombination-resistant coronavirus as a broadly applicable, rapidly implementable vaccine platform (2018) Commun. Biol., 1, p. 179; Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.H., Ou, C.Q., He, J.X., Liu, L., Hui, D.S.C., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1708-1720; Hadfield, J., Megill, C., Bell, S.M., Huddleston, J., Potter, B., Callender, C., Sagulenko, P., Neher, R.A., Nextstrain: real-time tracking of pathogen evolution (2018) Bioinformatics, 34, pp. 4121-4123; He, X., Lau, E.H.Y., Wu, P., Deng, X., Wang, J., Hao, X., Lau, Y.C., Tan, X., Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 672-675; Hijnen, D., Marzano, A.V., Eyerich, K., GeurtsvanKessel, C., Giménez-Arnau, A.M., Joly, P., Vestergaard, C., Schmidt, E., SARS-CoV-2 transmission from presymptomatic meeting attendee, Germany (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26, pp. 1935-1937; Hilscher, C., Vahrson, W., Dittmer, D.P., Faster quantitative real-time PCR protocols may lose sensitivity and show increased variability (2005) Nucleic Acids Res., 33, p. e182; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Kruger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T.S., Nitsche, A., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280.e278; Isabel, S., Graña-Miraglia, L., Gutierrez, J.M., Bundalovic-Torma, C., Groves, H.E., Isabel, M.R., Eshaghi, A., Poutanen, T., Evolutionary and structural analyses of SARS-CoV-2 D614G spike protein mutation now documented worldwide (2020) Sci. Rep., 10, p. 14031; Jabara, C.B., Jones, C.D., Roach, J., Anderson, J.A., Swanstrom, R., Accurate sampling and deep sequencing of the HIV-1 protease gene using a Primer ID (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, pp. 20166-20171; Jaimes, J.A., André, N.M., Chappie, J.S., Millet, J.K., Whittaker, G.R., Phylogenetic analysis and structural modeling of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein reveals an evolutionary distinct and proteolytically sensitive activation loop (2020) J. Mol. Biol., 432, pp. 3309-3325; Katoh, K., Standley, D.M., MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability (2013) Mol. Biol. Evol., 30, pp. 772-780; Kim, Y.I., Kim, S.G., Kim, S.M., Kim, E.H., Park, S.J., Yu, K.M., Chang, J.H., Casel, M.A.B., Infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 704-709.e702; Korber, B., Fischer, W.M., Gnanakaran, S., Yoon, H., Theiler, J., Abfalterer, W., Hengartner, N., Foley, B., Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike: evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 virus (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 812-827.e819; Kozlovskaya, L., Piniaeva, A., Ignatyev, G., Selivanov, A., Shishova, A., Kovpak, A., Gordeychuk, I., Prokhortchouk, E., Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants collected in Russia during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Int. J. Infect. Dis., 99, pp. 40-46; Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C., Tamura, K., MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms (2018) Mol. Biol. Evol., 35, pp. 1547-1549; Letko, M., Marzi, A., Munster, V., Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses (2020) Nat. Microbiol., 5, pp. 562-569; Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Ren, R., Wong, J.Y., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1199-1207; Li, Q., Wu, J., Nie, J., Zhang, L., Hao, H., Liu, S., Zhao, C., Nie, L., The impact of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike on viral infectivity and antigenicity (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 1284-1294.e9; Lock, E.F., Ziemiecke, R., Marron, J., Dittmer, D.P., Efficiency clustering for low-density microarrays and its application to QPCR (2010) BMC Bioinformatics, 11, p. 386; Long, Q.X., Liu, B.Z., Deng, H.J., Wu, G.C., Deng, K., Chen, Y.K., Liao, P., Cai, X.F., Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 845-848; Lu, J., du Plessis, L., Liu, Z., Hill, V., Kang, M., Lin, H., Sun, J., Faria, N.R., Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Guangdong Province, China (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 997-1003.e1009; Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B., Wu, H., Wang, W., Zhu, N., Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 565-574; Lu, X., Wang, L., Sakthivel, S.K., Whitaker, B., Murray, J., Kamili, S., Lynch, B., Harcourt, J., US CDC real-time reverse transcription PCR panel for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26; Petrackova, A., Vasinek, M., Sedlarikova, L., Dyskova, T., Schneiderova, P., Novosad, T., Papajik, T., Kriegova, E., Standardization of sequencing coverage depth in NGS: recommendation for detection of clonal and subclonal mutations in cancer diagnostics (2019) Front. Oncol., 9, p. 851; Saitou, N., Nei, M., The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees (1987) Mol. Biol. Evol., 4, pp. 406-425; Sellers, S.A., Dover, K.L., Bailey, A.G., Cheves, A., Eason, A.B., Popowitch, E.B., Miller, M.B., Fischer, W.A., Burden of respiratory viral infection in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (2020) Influenza Other Respir. Viruses, 14, pp. 465-469; Shang, J., Ye, G., Shi, K., Wan, Y., Luo, C., Aihara, H., Geng, Q., Li, F., Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 221-224; Shu, Y., McCauley, J., GISAID: global initiative on sharing all influenza data: from vision to reality (2017) Euro Surveill., 22, p. 30494; Stefanelli, P., Faggioni, G., Lo Presti, A., Fiore, S., Marchi, A., Benedetti, E., Fabiani, C., Fortunato, A., Whole genome and phylogenetic analysis of two SARS-CoV-2 strains isolated in Italy in January and February 2020: additional clues on multiple introductions and further circulation in Europe (2020) Euro Surveill., 25; Tamura, K., Nei, M., Kumar, S., Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, pp. 11030-11035; Thao, T.T.N., Labroussaa, F., Ebert, N., V'kovski, P., Stalder, H., Portmann, J., Kelly, J., Kratzel, A., Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic genomics platform (2020) Nature, 582, pp. 561-565; van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D.H., Holbrook, M.G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B.N., Tamin, A., Gerber, S.I., Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1564-1567; van Dorp, L., Acman, M., Richard, D., Shaw, L.P., Ford, C.E., Ormond, L., Owen, C.J., Boshier, F.A.T., Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Infect. Genet. Evol., 83, p. 104351; Verdoni, L., Mazza, A., Gervasoni, A., Martelli, L., Ruggeri, M., Ciuffreda, M., Bonanomi, E., D'Antiga, L., An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: an observational cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1771-1778; Walls, A.C., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Wall, A., McGuire, A.T., Veesler, D., Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 281-292.e6; Wan, Y., Shang, J., Graham, R., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus (2020) J. Virol., 94. , e00127–e00120; Williams, G.D., Chang, R.Y., Brian, D.A., A phylogenetically conserved hairpin-type 3′ untranslated region pseudoknot functions in coronavirus RNA replication (1999) J. Virol., 73, pp. 8349-8355; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M.A., Niemeyer, D., Rothe, C., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.L., Abiona, O., Graham, B.S., McLellan, J.S., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., Chen, Y.M., Wang, W., Song, Z.G., Hu, Y., Pei, Y.Y., A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269; Xu, K., Chen, Y., Yuan, J., Yi, P., Ding, C., Wu, W., Li, Y., Li, X., Factors associated with prolonged viral RNA shedding in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., 71, pp. 799-806; Xu, Y., Li, X., Zhu, B., Liang, H., Fang, C., Gong, Y., Guo, Q., Shen, J., Characteristics of pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential evidence for persistent fecal viral shedding (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 502-505; Yang, X., Dong, N., Chan, E.W.-C., Chen, S., Genetic cluster analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and the identification of those responsible for the major outbreaks in various countries (2020) Emerg. Microbes Infect., 9, pp. 1287-1299; Yu, F., Yan, L., Wang, N., Yang, S., Wang, L., Tang, Y., Gao, G., Xie, R., Quantitative detection and viral load analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., 71, pp. 793-798; Zehender, G., Lai, A., Bergna, A., Meroni, L., Riva, A., Balotta, C., Tarkowski, M., Rusconi, S., Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-COV-2 in Italy (2020) J. Med. Virol., , Published online March 29, 2020; Zhang, X., Tan, Y., Ling, Y., Lu, G., Liu, F., Yi, Z., Jia, X., Xu, S., Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19 (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 437-440; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Gu, X., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Huang, C.-L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Lu, R., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733; Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M., Liang, L., Huang, H., Hong, Z., Yu, J., Xia, J., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1177-1179; Züst, R., Miller, T.B., Goebel, S.J., Thiel, V., Masters, P.S., Genetic interactions between an essential 3′ cis-acting RNA pseudoknot, replicase gene products, and the extreme 3′ end of the mouse coronavirus genome (2008) J. Virol., 82, pp. 1214-1228 PY - 2020 SN - 22111247 (ISSN) ST - High-Density Amplicon Sequencing Identifies Community Spread and Ongoing Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the Southern United States T2 - Cell Reports TI - High-Density Amplicon Sequencing Identifies Community Spread and Ongoing Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the Southern United States UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094562424&doi=10.1016%2fj.celrep.2020.108352&partnerID=40&md5=65813779999dc3db411d002c83c71e43 VL - 33 ID - 294 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Global Strategy Lab., York University, Toronto, ON M3J 2S5, Canada Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20006, United States AU - Meier, B. M. AU - Habibi, R. AU - Yang, Y. T. C2 - 32217720 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/science.abb6950 IS - 6485 J2 - Sci. KW - contact isolation coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus infection disease control global health health care planning human international health regulation international law Letter pandemic priority journal public health social behavior social distance social isolation traffic and transport travel Betacoronavirus communicable disease control international cooperation legislation and jurisprudence procedures virus pneumonia World Health Organization Coronavirus Infections COVID-19 Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SCIEA Correspondence Address: Meier, B.M.; Department of Public Policy, United States; email: bmeier@unc.edu References: (2020) Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), , World Health Organization, Geneva; (2020) Fact Sheet: DHS Notice of Arrival Restrictions on China, Iran, and Certain Countries of Europe, , U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, DC; (2020) Coronavirus: Travel Restrictions, Border Shutdowns by Country, , Al Jazeera; (2005) International Health Regulations, WHA 58.3, , WHO World Health Organization, Geneva, ed. 2; Ferguson, N.M., (2020) Report 9: Impact of Non-pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) to Reduce COVID-19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand, , Imperial College, London; Hellewell, J., (2020) Lancet Glob. Health, 8; Habibi, R., (2020) Lancet, 395, p. 664; Kupferschmidt, K., Cohen, J., (2020) Science, 367, p. 1061; Errett, N.A., (2020) J. Emerg. Manag, 8, p. 7; (2020) Human Rights Dimensions of COVID-19 Response, , Human Rights Watch PY - 2020 SN - 00368075 (ISSN) SP - 1436 ST - Travel restrictions violate international law T2 - Science TI - Travel restrictions violate international law UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082532697&doi=10.1126%2fscience.abb6950&partnerID=40&md5=db0dc6f7c8f97f1ee6e33a54739e7928 VL - 367 ID - 522 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Traditionally, the emergence of coronaviruses (CoVs) has been attributed to a gain in receptor binding in a new host. Our previous work with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like viruses argued that bats already harbor CoVs with the ability to infect humans without adaptation. These results suggested that additional barriers limit the emergence of zoonotic CoV. In this work, we describe overcoming host restriction of two Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-like bat CoVs using exogenous protease treatment. We found that the spike protein of PDF2180-CoV, a MERS-like virus found in a Ugandan bat, could mediate infection of Vero and human cells in the presence of exogenous trypsin. We subsequently show that the bat virus spike can mediate the infection of human gut cells but is unable to infect human lung cells. Using receptor-blocking antibodies, we show that infection with the PDF2180 spike does not require MERS-CoV receptor DPP4 and antibodies developed against the MERS spike receptor-binding domain and S2 portion are ineffective in neutralizing the PDF2180 chimera. Finally, we found that the addition of exogenous trypsin also rescues HKU5-CoV, a second bat group 2c CoV. Together, these results indicate that proteolytic cleavage of the spike, not receptor binding, is the primary infection barrier for these two group 2c CoVs. Coupled with receptor binding, proteolytic activation offers a new parameter to evaluate the emergence potential of bat CoVs and offers a means to recover previously unrecoverable zoonotic CoV strains. IMPORTANCE Overall, our studies demonstrate that proteolytic cleavage is the primary barrier to infection for a subset of zoonotic coronaviruses. Moving forward, the results argue that both receptor binding and proteolytic cleavage of the spike are critical factors that must be considered for evaluating the emergence potential and risk posed by zoonotic coronaviruses. In addition, the findings also offer a novel means to recover previously uncultivable zoonotic coronavirus strains and argue that other tissues, including the digestive tract, could be a site for future coronavirus emergence events in humans. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Menachery, V. D. AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - Yount, B. L., Jr. AU - McAnarney, E. T. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Hale, A. AU - Graham, R. L. AU - Scobey, T. AU - Anthony, S. J. AU - Wang, L. AU - Graham, B. AU - Randell, S. H. AU - Lipkin, W. I. AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 31801868 C7 - e01774-19 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1128/JVI.01774-19 IS - 5 J2 - J. Virol. KW - Coronavirus Emergence MERS-CoV PDF2180 Spike Zoonotic trypsin virus spike protein Article bat controlled study correlational study human human cell lung alveolus cell Middle East respiratory syndrome nonhuman nucleotide sequence priority journal protein binding protein cleavage protein domain receptor binding Vero cell line LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :55 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JOVIA Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: Rbaric@email.unc.edu Molecular Sequence Numbers: GENBANK: JX869059, KX574227; Chemicals/CAS: trypsin, 9002-07-7 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, AI110700, R00AG049092, U19AI109761 Funding details: National Institute on Aging, NIA Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK, DK065988 Funding details: United States Agency for International Development, USAID, GHN-A-OO-09-00010-00 Funding text 1: The research described in this work was supported by grants from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats PREDICT project (cooperative agreement number GHN-A-OO-09-00010-00) and from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease and the National Institute of Aging of the NIH under awards U19AI109761 and AI110700 to R.S.B. and R00AG049092 to V.D.M. HAE cultures were supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease under award NIH DK065988 to S.H.R. References: Reperant, L.A., Osterhaus, A., AIDS, avian flu, SARS, MERS, Ebola, Zika . . . What next? (2017) Vaccine, 35, pp. 4470-4474. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.04.082; Perlman, S., Netland, J., Coronaviruses post-SARS: Update on replication and pathogenesis (2009) Nat Rev Microbiol, 7, pp. 439-450. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2147; Morse, S.S., Mazet, J.A., Woolhouse, M., Parrish, C.R., Carroll, D., Karesh, W.B., Zambrana-Torrelio, C., Daszak, P., Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis (2012) Lancet, 380, pp. 1956-1965. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61684-5; Cunningham, A.A., Daszak, P., Wood, J.L.N., One Health, emerging infectious diseases and wildlife: Two decades of progress? (2017) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 372, p. 20160167. , https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0167; Chafekar, A., Fielding, B.C., MERS-CoV: Understanding the latest human coronavirus threat (2018) Viruses, 10, p. E93. , https://doi.org/10.3390/v10020093; Agnihothram, S., Yount, B.L., Jr., Donaldson, E.F., Huynh, J., Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., A mouse model for Betacoronavirus subgroup 2c using a bat coronavirus strain HKU5 variant (2014) mBio, 5, pp. e00047-e00114. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00047-14; Agnihothram, S., Gopal, R., Yount, B.L., Jr., Donaldson, E.F., Menachery, V.D., Graham, R.L., Scobey, T.D., Baric, R.S., Evaluation of serologic and antigenic relationships between middle eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other coronaviruses to develop vaccine platforms for the rapid response to emerging coronaviruses (2014) J Infect Dis, 209, pp. 995-1006. , https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit609; Johnson, B.A., Graham, R.L., Menachery, V.D., Viral metagenomics, protein structure, and reverse genetics: Key strategies for investigating coronaviruses (2018) Virology, 517, pp. 30-37. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2017.12.009; Becker, M.M., Graham, R.L., Donaldson, E.F., Rockx, B., Sims, A.C., Sheahan, T., Pickles, R.J., Denison, M.R., Synthetic recombinant bat SARS-like coronavirus is infectious in cultured cells and in mice (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, pp. 19944-19949. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0808116105; Rockx, B., Baas, T., Zornetzer, G.A., Haagmans, B., Sheahan, T., Frieman, M., Dyer, M.D., Katze, M.G., Early upregulation of acute respiratory distress syndrome-associated cytokines promotes lethal disease in an aged-mouse model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2009) J Virol, 83, pp. 7062-7074. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00127-09; Sheahan, T., Rockx, B., Donaldson, E., Sims, A., Pickles, R., Corti, D., Baric, R., Mechanisms of zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus host range expansion in human airway epithelium (2008) J Virol, 82, pp. 2274-2285. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02041-07; Sheahan, T., Rockx, B., Donaldson, E., Corti, D., Baric, R., Pathways of cross-species transmission of synthetically reconstructed zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2008) J Virol, 82, pp. 8721-8732. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00818-08; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Sims, A.C., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S.S., Gralinski, L.E., Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113, pp. 3048-3053. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517719113; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S., Gralinski, L.E., Plante, J.A., Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat Med, 21, pp. 1508-1513. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3985; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Case, J.B., Leist, S.R., Baric, R.S., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci Transl Med, 9, p. eaal3653. , https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3653; Anthony, S.J., Gilardi, K., Menachery, V.D., Goldstein, T., Ssebide, B., Mbabazi, R., Navarrete-Macias, I., Mazet, J.A., Further evidence for bats as the evolutionary source of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2017) mBio, 8, pp. e00373-e00417. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00373-17; Hofmann, M., Wyler, R., Propagation of the virus of porcine epidemic diarrhea in cell culture (1988) J Clin Microbiol, 26, pp. 2235-2239; Menachery, V.D., Dinnon, K.H., III, Yount, B.L., Jr., McAnarney, E.T., Gralinski, L.E., Hale, A., Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., (2019) Trypsin Treatment Unlocks Barrier for Zoonotic Coronaviruses Infection, , https://doi.org/10.1101/768663, bioRxiv; Scobey, T., Yount, B.L., Sims, A.C., Donaldson, E.F., Agnihothram, S.S., Menachery, V.D., Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, pp. 16157-16162. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311542110; Park, J.-E., Li, K., Barlan, A., Fehr, A.R., Perlman, S., McCray, P.B., Jr., Gallagher, T., Proteolytic processing of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spikes expands virus tropism (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113, pp. 12262-12267. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1608147113; de Wilde, A.H., Raj, V.S., Oudshoorn, D., Bestebroer, T.M., van Nieuwkoop, S., Limpens, R.W.A.L., Posthuma, C.C., van den Hoogen, B.G., MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-alpha treatment (2013) J Gen Virol, 94, pp. 1749-1760. , https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.052910-0; Banach, B.S., Orenstein, J.M., Fox, L.M., Randell, S.H., Rowley, A.H., Baker, S.C., Human airway epithelial cell culture to identify new respiratory viruses: Coronavirus NL63 as a model (2009) J Virol Methods, 156, pp. 19-26. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.10.022; Tekes, G., Thiel, H.J., Feline coronaviruses: Pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis (2016) Adv Virus Res, 96, pp. 193-218. , https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.08.002; Song, D., Park, B., Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus: A comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccines (2012) Virus Genes, 44, pp. 167-175. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-012-0713-1; Corti, D., Zhao, J., Pedotti, M., Simonelli, L., Agnihothram, S., Fett, C., Fernandez-Rodriguez, B., Lanzavecchia, A., Prophylactic and postexposure efficacy of a potent human monoclonal antibody against MERS coronavirus (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 112, pp. 10473-10478. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1510199112; Kleine-Weber, H., Elzayat, M.T., Hoffmann, M., Pöhlmann, S., Functional analysis of potential cleavage sites in the MERS-coronavirus spike protein (2018) Sci Rep, 8, p. 16597. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34859-w; Biniossek, M.L., Nagler, D.K., Becker-Pauly, C., Schilling, O., Proteomic identification of protease cleavage sites characterizes prime and non-prime specificity of cysteine cathepsins B, L, and S (2011) J Proteome Res, 10, pp. 5363-5373. , https://doi.org/10.1021/pr200621z; Yang, Y., Liu, C., Du, L., Jiang, S., Shi, Z., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Two mutations were critical for bat-to-human transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2015) J Virol, 89, pp. 9119-9123. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01279-15; Zheng, Y., Shang, J., Yang, Y., Liu, C., Wan, Y., Geng, Q., Wang, M., Li, F., Lysosomal proteases are a determinant of coronavirus tropism (2018) J Virol, 92, pp. e01504-e01518. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01504-18; Yang, Y., Du, L., Liu, C., Wang, L., Ma, C., Tang, J., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111, pp. 12516-12521. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405889111; Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., Recombination, reservoirs, and the modular spike: Mechanisms of coronavirus cross-species transmission (2010) J Virol, 84, pp. 3134-3146. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01394-09; Ge, X.-Y., Li, J.-L., Yang, X.-L., Chmura, A.A., Zhu, G., Epstein, J.H., Mazet, J.K., Shi, Z.-L., Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor (2013) Nature, 503, pp. 535-538. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12711; Luo, C.-M., Wang, N., Yang, X.-L., Liu, H.-Z., Zhang, W., Li, B., Hu, B., Shi, Z.-L., Discovery of novel bat coronaviruses in South China that use the same receptor as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2018) J Virol, 92, pp. e00116-e00118. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00116-18; Klenk, H.-D., Rott, R., Orlich, M., Blödorn, J., Activation of influenza A viruses by trypsin treatment (1975) Virology, 68, pp. 426-439. , https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(75)90284-6; Luczo, J.M., Stambas, J., Durr, P.A., Michalski, W.P., Bingham, J., Molecular pathogenesis of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza: The role of the haemagglutinin cleavage site motif (2015) Rev Med Virol, 25, pp. 406-430. , https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1846; Clark, S.M., Roth, J.R., Clark, M.L., Barnett, B.B., Spendlove, R.S., Trypsin enhancement of rotavirus infectivity: Mechanism of enhancement (1981) J Virol, 39, pp. 816-822; Roivainen, M., Hovi, T., Intestinal trypsin can significantly modify antigenic properties of polioviruses: Implications for the use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (1987) J Virol, 61, pp. 3749-3753; Hu, H., Jung, K., Vlasova, A.N., Chepngeno, J., Lu, Z., Wang, Q., Saif, L.J., Isolation and characterization of porcine deltacoronavirus from pigs with diarrhea in the United States (2015) J Clin Microbiol, 53, pp. 1537-1548. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00031-15; Wicht, O., Li, W., Willems, L., Meuleman, T.J., Wubbolts, R.W., van Kuppeveld, F.J., Rottier, P.J., Bosch, B.J., Proteolytic activation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus spike fusion protein by trypsin in cell culture (2014) J Virol, 88, pp. 7952-7961. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00297-14; Zhou, P., Fan, H., Lan, T., Yang, X.-L., Shi, W.-F., Zhang, W., Zhu, Y., Ma, J.-Y., Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin (2018) Nature, 556, pp. 255-258. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0010-9; Li, K., Wohlford-Lenane, C.L., Channappanavar, R., Park, J.-E., Earnest, J.T., Bair, T.B., Bates, A.M., McCray, P.B., Jr., Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice (2017) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114, pp. E3119-E3128. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619109114; Matsuyama, S., Ujike, M., Morikawa, S., Tashiro, M., Taguchi, F., Protease-mediated enhancement of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, pp. 12543-12547. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503203102; Zeng, L.-P., Gao, Y.-T., Ge, X.-Y., Zhang, Q., Peng, C., Yang, X.-L., Tan, B., Shi, Z.-L., Bat severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus WIV1 encodes an extra accessory protein, ORFX, involved in modulation of the host immune response (2016) J Virol, 90, pp. 6573-6582. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03079-15; Millet, J.K., Whittaker, G.R., Host cell proteases: Critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis (2015) Virus Res, 202, pp. 120-134. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.021; Earnest, J.T., Hantak, M.P., Li, K., McCray, P.B., Jr., Perlman, S., Gallagher, T., The tetraspanin CD9 facilitates MERS-coronavirus entry by scaffolding host cell receptors and proteases (2017) PLoS Pathog, 13. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006546; Zhou, J., Li, C., Zhao, G., Chu, H., Wang, D., Yan, H.H., Poon, V.K., Yuen, K.-Y., Human intestinal tract serves as an alternative infection route for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2017) Sci Adv, 3, p. eaao4966. , https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao4966; Ding, Y., He, L., Zhang, Q., Huang, Z., Che, X., Hou, J., Wang, H., Jiang, S., Organ distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in SARS patients: Implications for pathogenesis and virus transmission pathways (2004) J Pathol, 203, pp. 622-630. , https://doi.org/10.1002/path.1560; Zhang, X., Hasoksuz, M., Spiro, D., Halpin, R., Wang, S., Stollar, S., Janies, D., Saif, L., Complete genomic sequences, a key residue in the spike protein and deletions in nonstructural protein 3b of US strains of the virulent and attenuated coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus (2007) Virology, 358, pp. 424-435. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2006.08.051; Pallesen, J., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Wrapp, D., Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Turner, H.L., Cottrell, C.A., McLellan, J.S., Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen (2017) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114, pp. E7348-E7357. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707304114; Gallagher, T.M., Buchmeier, M.J., Perlman, S., Cell receptor-independent infection by a neurotropic murine coronavirus (1992) Virology, 191, pp. 517-522. , https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(92)90223-c; Li, W., Hulswit, R.J.G., Widjaja, I., Raj, V.S., McBride, R., Peng, W., Widagdo, W., Bosch, B.-J., Identification of sialic acid-binding function for the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein (2017) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114, pp. E8508-E8517. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712592114; Sims, A.C., Tilton, S.C., Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Schafer, A., Matzke, M.M., Webb-Robertson, B.-J., Baric, R.S., Release of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nuclear import block enhances host transcription in human lung cells (2013) J Virol, 87, pp. 3885-3902. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02520-12; Sims, A.C., Burkett, S.E., Yount, B., Pickles, R.J., SARS-CoV replication and pathogenesis in an in vitro model of the human conducting airway epithelium (2008) Virus Res, 133, pp. 33-44. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.013; Almazán, F., DeDiego, M.L., Sola, I., Zuñiga, S., Nieto-Torres, J.L., Marquez-Jurado, S., Andrés, G., Enjuanes, L., Engineering a replication-competent, propagation-defective Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus as a vaccine candidate (2013) mBio, 4, pp. e00650-e00713. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00650-13; Agnihothram, S., Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Lindesmith, L.C., Scobey, T., Whitmore, A., Schafer, A., Baric, R.S., Development of a broadly accessible Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particle vaccine platform (2018) J Virol, 92, pp. e00027-e00118. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00027-18; Bolles, M., Deming, D., Long, K., Agnihothram, S., Whitmore, A., Ferris, M., Funkhouser, W., Baric, R.S., A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge (2011) J Virol, 85, pp. 12201-12215. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.06048-11; Sheahan, T., Whitmore, A., Long, K., Ferris, M., Rockx, B., Funkhouser, W., Donaldson, E., Baric, R.S., Successful vaccination strategies that protect aged mice from lethal challenge from influenza virus and heterologous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2011) J Virol, 85, pp. 217-230. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01805-10; Huynh, J., Li, S., Yount, B., Smith, A., Sturges, L., Olsen, J.C., Nagel, J., Donaldson, E.F., Evidence supporting a zoonotic origin of human coronavirus strain NL63 (2012) J Virol, 86, pp. 12816-12825. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00906-12; Zaki, A.M., van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T.M., Osterhaus, A.D., Fouchier, R.A., Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia (2012) N Engl J Med, 367, pp. 1814-1820. , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1211721 PY - 2020 SN - 0022538X (ISSN) ST - Trypsin treatment unlocks barrier for zoonotic bat coronavirus infection T2 - Journal of Virology TI - Trypsin treatment unlocks barrier for zoonotic bat coronavirus infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079471604&doi=10.1128%2fJVI.01774-19&partnerID=40&md5=ea829ffe10ddfd624bba9f150d43e196 VL - 94 ID - 526 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A safe and effective vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be required to end the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic1–8. For global deployment and pandemic control, a vaccine that requires only a single immunization would be optimal. Here we show the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a single dose of adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector-based vaccines expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein in non-human primates. Fifty-two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were immunized with Ad26 vectors that encoded S variants or sham control, and then challenged with SARS-CoV-2 by the intranasal and intratracheal routes9,10. The optimal Ad26 vaccine induced robust neutralizing antibody responses and provided complete or near-complete protection in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal swabs after SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Titres of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies correlated with protective efficacy, suggesting an immune correlate of protection. These data demonstrate robust single-shot vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates. The optimal Ad26 vector-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2, termed Ad26.COV2.S, is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. AD - Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Janssen Vaccines and Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Bioqual, Rockville, MD, United States Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, United States AU - Mercado, N. B. AU - Zahn, R. AU - Wegmann, F. AU - Loos, C. AU - Chandrashekar, A. AU - Yu, J. AU - Liu, J. AU - Peter, L. AU - McMahan, K. AU - Tostanoski, L. H. AU - He, X. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Rutten, L. AU - Bos, R. AU - van Manen, D. AU - Vellinga, J. AU - Custers, J. AU - Langedijk, J. P. AU - Kwaks, T. AU - Bakkers, M. J. G. AU - Zuijdgeest, D. AU - Rosendahl Huber, S. K. AU - Atyeo, C. AU - Fischinger, S. AU - Burke, J. S. AU - Feldman, J. AU - Hauser, B. M. AU - Caradonna, T. M. AU - Bondzie, E. A. AU - Dagotto, G. AU - Gebre, M. S. AU - Hoffman, E. AU - Jacob-Dolan, C. AU - Kirilova, M. AU - Li, Z. AU - Lin, Z. AU - Mahrokhian, S. H. AU - Maxfield, L. F. AU - Nampanya, F. AU - Nityanandam, R. AU - Nkolola, J. P. AU - Patel, S. AU - Ventura, J. D. AU - Verrington, K. AU - Wan, H. AU - Pessaint, L. AU - Van Ry, A. AU - Blade, K. AU - Strasbaugh, A. AU - Cabus, M. AU - Brown, R. AU - Cook, A. AU - Zouantchangadou, S. AU - Teow, E. AU - Andersen, H. AU - Lewis, M. G. AU - Cai, Y. AU - Chen, B. AU - Schmidt, A. G. AU - Reeves, R. K. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Lauffenburger, D. A. AU - Alter, G. AU - Stoffels, P. AU - Mammen, M. AU - Van Hoof, J. AU - Schuitemaker, H. AU - Barouch, D. H. C2 - 32731257 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41586-020-2607-z IS - 7830 J2 - Nature KW - adenovirus vector gamma interferon immunoglobulin A antibody immunoglobulin G antibody neutralizing antibody SARS-CoV-2 vaccine virus spike protein COVID-19 vaccine virus vaccine disease control gene expression immunization primate vaccine viral disease virus adult animal experiment animal model antibody response antibody titer Article bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug efficacy enzyme linked immunosorbent assay enzyme linked immunospot assay female immunogenicity male nonhuman nose smear priority journal rhesus monkey single drug dose virus load virus neutralization animal Betacoronavirus cellular immunity Coronavirus infection disease model humoral immunity immunology pandemic vaccination virology virus pneumonia Adenoviridae Coronavirus Macaca mulatta Primates SARS coronavirus Animals Coronavirus Infections Disease Models, Animal Immunity, Cellular Immunity, Humoral Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Viral Load Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :142 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NATUA Correspondence Address: Barouch, D.H.; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, United States; email: dbarouch@bidmc.harvard.edu Chemicals/CAS: gamma interferon, 82115-62-6; COVID-19 vaccine; Viral Vaccines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 272201700036I-0-759301900131-1, AI007151, AI100625, AI108197, AI110700, AI124377, AI126603, AI128751, AI129797, AI132178, AI146779, AI149644, AI152296, OD024917 Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF Funding details: Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, BARDA, HHS0100201700018C Funding details: Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard Funding text 1: Acknowledgements We thank S. Blokland, Y. Choi, K. de Boer, I. de los Rios Oakes, E. van der Helm, D. Spek, I. Swart, M. Koning, A. Brandjes, N. van Dijk, A. de Wilde, M. Navis, R. van Schie, J. Verhagen, R. Vogels, R. van der Vlugt, A. Roos Broekhuijsen, B. Bart, J. Velasco, B. Finneyfrock, C. Shaver, J. Yalley-Ogunro, D. Wesemann, N. Kordana, M. Lifton, E. Borducchi, M. Silva, A. Richardson and C. Caron for advice, assistance and reagents. This project was funded in part by the Department of Health and Human Services Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) under contract HHS0100201700018C. We also acknowledge support from Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Mark and Lisa Schwartz Foundation, Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness (MassCPR), and the National Institutes of Health (OD024917, AI129797, AI124377, AI128751, AI126603 to D.H.B.; AI007151 and AI152296 to D.R.M.; AI146779 to A.G.S.; 272201700036I-0-759301900131-1, AI100625, AI110700, AI132178, AI149644, AI108197 to R.S.B.). We also acknowledge a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award to D.R.M. References: Wu, F., A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXksFKlsLc%3D, PID: 7094943; Zhou, P., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXksFKlsLg%3D; Holshue, M.L., First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 929-936. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkvVKrsbo%3D; Li, Q., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1199-1207. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmt1Whtrw%3D; Zhu, N., A Novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China (2020) 2019. N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjslGmsrc%3D; Chen, N., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvFOmsb8%3D; Huang, C., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1Kqu7c%3D; Chan, J.F., A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 514-523. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1Ojsro%3D; Chandrashekar, A., SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 812-817. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsF2qsrjK; Yu, J., DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 806-811. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsF2qsrrN; Abbink, P., Comparative seroprevalence and immunogenicity of six rare serotype recombinant adenovirus vaccine vectors from subgroups B and D (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 4654-4663; Alharbi, N.K., ChAdOx1 and MVA based vaccine candidates against MERS-CoV elicit neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses in mice (2017) Vaccine, 35, pp. 3780-3788. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXptFClsbg%3D; Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 118-121. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xjs1emtb8%3D; Pallesen, J., Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen (2017) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 114, pp. E7348-E7357. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtlWmsrfI; Wrapp, D., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkvFemt70%3D; Yang, Z.Y., A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice (2004) Nature, 428, pp. 561-564. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXis1GksL4%3D; Scobey, T., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. 16157-16162. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1SqtbfO; Yount, B., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 100, pp. 12995-13000. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXoslKms74%3D; Chung, A.W., Dissecting polyclonal vaccine-induced humoral immunity against HIV using systems serology (2015) Cell, 163, pp. 988-998. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsl2gs7%2FO; Wölfel, R., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Gao, Q., Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 369, pp. 77-81. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlCmtL3P; Abbink, P., Durability and correlates of vaccine protection against Zika virus in rhesus monkeys (2017) Sci. Transl. Med., 9, p. eaao4163; Abbink, P., Protective efficacy of multiple vaccine platforms against Zika virus challenge in rhesus monkeys (2016) Science, 353, pp. 1129-1132. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhsVKjsLzJ; Cox, F., Adenoviral vector type 26 encoding Zika virus (ZIKV) M-Env antigen induces humoral and cellular immune responses and protects mice and nonhuman primates against ZIKV challenge (2018) PLoS ONE, 13; Barouch, D.H., Evaluation of a mosaic HIV-1 vaccine in a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2a clinical trial (APPROACH) and in rhesus monkeys (NHP 13-19) (2018) Lancet, 392, pp. 232-243. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXht1ygu7bI; Barouch, D.H., Protective efficacy of adenovirus/protein vaccines against SIV challenges in rhesus monkeys (2015) Science, 349, pp. 320-324. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtFKktL7J; Baden, L.R., First-in-human evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus serotype 26 HIV-1 Env vaccine (IPCAVD 001) (2013) J. Infect. Dis, 207, pp. 240-247; Barouch, D.H., International seroepidemiology of adenovirus serotypes 5, 26, 35, and 48 in pediatric and adult populations (2011) Vaccine, 29, pp. 5203-5209. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXovFOnsLw%3D; Graham, B.S., Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development (2020) Science, 368, pp. 945-946. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVCntbnJ; Brown, E.P., Multiplexed Fc array for evaluation of antigen-specific antibody effector profiles (2017) J. Immunol. Methods, 443, pp. 33-44. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXit1CitLw%3D; Ackerman, M.E., A robust, high-throughput assay to determine the phagocytic activity of clinical antibody samples (2011) J. Immunol. Methods, 366, pp. 8-19. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjsFCksLc%3D; Lu, L.L., A functional role for antibodies in tuberculosis (2016) Cell, 167, pp. 433-443. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhsFGrurbI; Fischinger, S., A high-throughput, bead-based, antigen-specific assay to assess the ability of antibodies to induce complement activation (2019) J. Immunol. Methods, 473, p. 112630. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhsFWmtbjJ PY - 2020 SN - 00280836 (ISSN) SP - 583-588 ST - Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques T2 - Nature TI - Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088806265&doi=10.1038%2fs41586-020-2607-z&partnerID=40&md5=4e9faeb27e062bec0ade7e3391252510 VL - 586 ID - 321 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Medicine, Northwest Kidney Centers, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States AU - Meyer, T. W. AU - Hostetter, T. H. AU - Watnick, S. C2 - 32300069 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1681/ASN.2020030361 IS - 6 J2 - J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. KW - urea coronavirus disease 2019 dietary compliance hemodialysis human mortality neuropathy pandemic priority journal quality of life Review uremia urine volume chronic kidney failure Humans Kidney Failure, Chronic Renal Dialysis LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JASNE Correspondence Address: Hostetter, T.H.; Medicine, 7024 Burnett-Womack, Campus Box 7155, United States; email: thomas_hostetter@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: urea, 57-13-6 References: Scribner, BH, Cole, JJ, Ahmad, S, Blagg, CR, Why thrice weekly dialysis? (2004) Hemodial Int, 8, pp. 188-192; KDOQI Clinical Practice Guideline for Hemodialysis Adequacy: 2015 Update [published correction appears inAmJ KidneyDis 67: 534, 2016] (2015) Am J Kidney Dis, 66, pp. 884-930. , National Kidney Foundation; Savla, D, Chertow, GM, Meyer, T, Anand, S, Can twice weekly hemodialysis expand patient access under resource constraints? (2017) Hemodial Int, 21, pp. 445-452; Hanson, JA, Hulbert-Shearon, TE, Ojo, AO, Port, FK, Wolfe, RA, Agodoa, LY, Prescription of twice-weekly hemodialysis in the USA (1999) Am J Nephrol, 19, pp. 625-633; Obi, Y, Streja, E, Rhee, CM, Ravel, V, Amin, AN, Cupisti, A, Incremental hemodialysis, residual kidney function, and mortality risk in incident dialysis patients: A cohort study (2016) Am J Kidney Dis, 68, pp. 256-265; Yan, Y, Wang, M, Zee, J, Schaubel, D, Tu, C, Qian, J, Twice-weekly hemodialysis and clinical outcomes in the China dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study (2018) Kidney Int Rep, 3, pp. 889-896 PY - 2020 SN - 10466673 (ISSN) SP - 1141-1142 ST - Twice-weekly hemodialysis is an option for many patients in times of dialysis unit stress T2 - Journal of the American Society of Nephrology TI - Twice-weekly hemodialysis is an option for many patients in times of dialysis unit stress UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085712771&doi=10.1681%2fASN.2020030361&partnerID=40&md5=95d6cc2882d9954b661d2b9aa36f4a72 VL - 31 ID - 489 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has brought a new wave of challenges to health care, particularly in the area of rapid diagnostic test development and implementation. The diagnosis of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critically dependent on the detection of SARSCoV-2 RNA from clinical specimens (e.g., nasopharyngeal swabs). While laboratory-developed testing for SARS-CoV-2 is an essential component of diagnostic testing for this virus, the majority of clinical microbiology laboratories are dependent on commercially available SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays. In contrast to assays approved or cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for in vitro diagnostic use, assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids have emergency use authorization (EUA) from the FDA. Outside of highly specialized academic and commercial laboratory settings, clinical microbiology laboratories are likely unfamiliar with the EUA classification, and thus, assay verification can be daunting. Further compounding anxiety for laboratories are major issues with the supply chain that are dramatically affecting the availability of test reagents and requiring laboratories to implement multiple commercial EUA tests. Here, we describe guidance for the verification of assays with EUA for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid from clinical specimens. © 2020 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. AD - Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, United States University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Mitchell, S. L. AU - St George, K. AU - Rhoads, D. D. AU - Butler-Wu, S. M. AU - Dharmarha, V. AU - McNult, P. AU - Miller, M. B. C2 - 32381642 C7 - e00796-20 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1128/JCM.00796-20 IS - 8 J2 - J. Clin. Microbiol. KW - Coronavirus COVID-19 EUA Validation Verification reagent virus RNA biosafety coronavirus disease 2019 diagnostic accuracy diagnostic test approval emergency care emergency use authorization Food and Drug Administration good laboratory practice health care availability health care delivery human nonhuman nose smear priority journal quality control Review RNA analysis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 throat culture validation study Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection genetics isolation and purification laboratory technique pandemic procedures United States virus pneumonia Clinical Laboratory Techniques Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral RNA, Viral United States Food and Drug Administration LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :14 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JCMID Correspondence Address: Miller, M.B.; University of North Carolina School of Medicine, United States; email: Melissa.Miller@unchealth.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: RNA, Viral References: Chakraborty, I, Maity, P., COVID-19 outbreak: migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention (2020) Sci Total Environ, 728, p. 138882. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138882; Reusken, C, Broberg, EK, Haagmans, B, Meijer, A, Corman, VM, Papa, A, Charrel, R, Leitmeyer, K, Laboratory readiness and response for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in expert laboratories in 30 EU/EEA countries, January 2020 (2020) Euro Surveill, 25 (6), p. pii2000082. , https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.6.2000082, on behalf of EvdLabNetL and Erli-Net; Caliendo, AM, Couturier, MR, Ginocchio, CC, Hanson, KE, Miller, MB, Walker, KE, Frank, GM, Maintaining life-saving testing for patients with infectious diseases: Infectious Diseases Society of America, American Society for Microbiology, and Pan American Society for Clinical Virology recommendations on the regulation of laboratory-developed tests (2016) Clin Infect Dis, 63, pp. 151-154. , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw260, Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Society for Microbiology, and the Pan-American Society for Clinical Virology; (2020) Emergency use authorization. MCM legal, regulatory and policy framework, , https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-legal-regulatory-and-policy-framework/emergency-use-authorization, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed 6 May 2020; Wang, W, Xu, Y, Gao, R, Lu, R, Han, K, Wu, G, Tan, W., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) JAMA, , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3786, 11 March; Emergency use authorizations. Emergency situations (medical devices) (2020) vitro diagnostics EUAs, , https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/emergency-situations-medical-devices/emergency-use-authorizations#covid19ivd, U.S. Food and Drug Administration Accessed 6 May 2020; Tang, YW, Schmitz, JE, Persing, DH, Stratton, CW., The laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19 infection: current issues and challenges (2020) J Clin Microbiol, 58, pp. e00512-e00520. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00512-20; Emergency situations (medical devices) (2020) FAQs on diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2. General FAQs, , https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/emergency-situations-medical-devices/faqs-diagnostic-testing-sars-cov-2#general, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed 6 May 2020; (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Interim laboratory biosafety guidelines for handling and processing specimens associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/lab-biosafety-guidelines.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 6 May 2020; (2020) Pesticide registration. List N: disinfectants for use against SARS-CoV-2, , https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Accessed 6 May 2020; (2020) Emergency situations (medical devices). FAQs on diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2. What if I do not have, , https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/emergency-situations-medical-devices/faqs-diagnostic-testing-sars-cov-2#whatif, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed 6 May 2020; (2019) Individualized quality control plan (IQCP), , https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/CLIA/Individualized_Quality_Control_Plan_IQCP, Centers. for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Accessed 6 May 2020; (2020) Guidance for COVID-19 testing for CAP-accredited laboratories, , https://www.cap.org/laboratory-improvement/news-and-updates/guidance-for-covid-19-testing-for-cap-accredited-laboratories, College of American Pathologists. Accessed 6 May 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 00951137 (ISSN) ST - Understanding, verifying, and implementing emergency use authorization molecular diagnostics for the detection of sars-cov-2 RNA T2 - Journal of Clinical Microbiology TI - Understanding, verifying, and implementing emergency use authorization molecular diagnostics for the detection of sars-cov-2 RNA UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084617499&doi=10.1128%2fJCM.00796-20&partnerID=40&md5=4f19ad5ba1501e569b1e547befd6a869 VL - 58 ID - 437 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Residency Program Director, and Associated Fellowship Director, Oncology/Microvascular Surgery, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Residency Program Director, and Division Chief, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Assistant Professor and Residency Program Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States Assistant Fellowship Director and Director of Research, Department of Maxillofacial Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery, John Peter Smith Hospital, Fort Worth, TX, United States Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States Professor and Residency Program Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States DeLos Hill Chair, Professor of Surgery, and Division Chief, Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States Assistant Professor and Residency Program Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida Health Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, United States Assistant Professor and Residency Program Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States Professor and Chair, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States Associate Professor and Residency Program Director, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Moe, J. AU - Brookes, C. AU - Dyalram, D. AU - Kim, R. AU - Melville, J. AU - Quereshy, F. AU - Roser, S. AU - Salman, S. AU - Schlieve, T. AU - Steed, M. AU - Fisher, E. C2 - 32473915 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.joms.2020.05.029 IS - 8 J2 - J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. KW - apprenticeship Article coronavirus disease 2019 curriculum education program human maxillofacial surgery oral surgery pandemic residency education resident United States virtual learning environment Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JOMSD Correspondence Address: Moe, J.; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SPC 5222, United States; email: jusmoe@med.umich.edu References: Collaborative OMFS Virtual Interinstitutional Didactic (COVID) Program https://media.dent.umich.edu/sites/omfscovid/, Available at: (Accessed 5 May 2020)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085767917&doi=10.1016%2fj.joms.2020.05.029&partnerID=40&md5=535b73e9db10bb4d5823d51f7716cef4 PY - 2020 SN - 02782391 (ISSN) SP - 1224-1226 ST - Resident Education in the Time of a Global Pandemic: Development of the Collaborative OMS Virtual Interinstitutional Didactic (COVID) Program T2 - Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery TI - Resident Education in the Time of a Global Pandemic: Development of the Collaborative OMS Virtual Interinstitutional Didactic (COVID) Program VL - 78 ID - 434 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 130 Mason Farm Road, Bioinformatics Building CB# 7080, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7080, United States AU - Moon, A. M. AU - Barritt, A. S. Iv DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s10620-020-06585-9 J2 - Dig. Dis. Sci. LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: DDSCD Correspondence Address: Moon, A.M.; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 130 Mason Farm Road, Bioinformatics Building CB# 7080, United States; email: Andrew.Moon@unchealth.unc.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, T32 DK007634 Funding text 1: This research was supported in part by NIH Grant T32 DK007634. References: Sultan, S., Altayar, O., Siddique, S.M., AGA Institute rapid review of the gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19, meta-analysis of international data, and recommendations for the consultative management of patients with COVID-19 (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 320-334. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVaqur7J; (2020) Clinical Best Practice Advice for Hepatology and Liver Transplant Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: AASLD Expert Panel Consensus Statement, , https://www.aasld.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/AASLD-COVID19-ExpertPanelConsensusStatement-June252020-v2-FINAL.pdf, . Accessed August 4, 2020; Jothimani, D., Venugopal, R., Abedin, M.F., Kaliamoorthy, I., Rela, M., COVID-19 and liver (2020) J Hepatol; Schaefer, E.A.K., Arvind, A., Bloom, P.P., Chung, R.T., Interrelationship between coronavirus infection and liver disease (2020) Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken), 15, pp. 175-180; Mantovani, A., Beatrice, G., Dalbeni, A., Coronavirus disease 2019 and prevalence of chronic liver disease: A meta-analysis (2020) Liver Int, 40, pp. 1316-1320. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXht1eqtLjK; Bloom, P.P., Pasricha, T., Andersson, K.L., Hepatology consultants often disagree on etiology of abnormal liver biochemistries in COVID-19 but agree on management Dig Dis Sci, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-020-06495-w, . (Epub ahead of print); Wang, Y., Liu, S., Liu, H., SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Hepatol; Bangash, M.N., Patel, J.M., Parekh, D., SARS-CoV-2: is the liver merely a bystander to severe disease? (2020) J Hepatol; Kovalic, A.J., Huang, G., Thuluvath, P.J., Satapathy, S.K., Elevated liver biochemistries in hospitalized Chinese patients with severe COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Hepatology; Elmunzer, B.J., Spitzer, R.L., Foster, L.D., Digestive manifestations in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (2020) medRxiv PY - 2020 SN - 01632116 (ISSN) ST - Elevated Liver Enzymes in Patients with COVID-19: Look, but Not Too Hard T2 - Digestive Diseases and Sciences TI - Elevated Liver Enzymes in Patients with COVID-19: Look, but Not Too Hard UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090143519&doi=10.1007%2fs10620-020-06585-9&partnerID=40&md5=b512d3244f7eddc304f25c2bf257813c ID - 557 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, United Kingdom Department of Medicine, Section of Hepatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States Liver Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain Barts Liver Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust & Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom Cambridge Liver Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States CHESS Center, Institute of Portal Hypertension, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States AU - Moon, A. M. AU - Webb, G. J. AU - Aloman, C. AU - Armstrong, M. J. AU - Cargill, T. AU - Dhanasekaran, R. AU - Genescà, J. AU - Gill, U. S. AU - James, T. W. AU - Jones, P. D. AU - Marshall, A. AU - Mells, G. AU - Perumalswami, P. V. AU - Qi, X. AU - Su, F. AU - Ufere, N. N. AU - Barnes, E. AU - Barritt, A. S. AU - Marjot, T. C2 - 32446714 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.013 IS - 3 J2 - J. Hepatol. KW - alpha interferon chloroquine hydroxychloroquine lopinavir plus ritonavir tocilizumab adult aged antiviral therapy artificial ventilation cause of death Child Pugh score chronic liver disease coronavirus disease 2019 female human intensive care length of stay Letter liver cirrhosis major clinical study male mortality rate outcome assessment preliminary data priority journal register renal replacement therapy LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :59 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JOHEE Correspondence Address: Marjot, T.; Oxford Liver Unit, United Kingdom; email: Thomas.marjot@ndm.ox.ac.uk Chemicals/CAS: chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; tocilizumab, 375823-41-9 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, T32 DK007634 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS, UL1TR002489 Funding details: European Association for the Study of the Liver, EASL, 2020RG03 Funding text 1: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grant T32 DK007634 (AMM and TWJ). We acknowledge the assistance of the NC Translational and Clinical Sciences (NC TraCS) Institute, which is supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health , through Grant Award Number UL1TR002489 . COVID-Hep.net was supported by the European Association for Study of the Liver 2020RG03 (TM). References: Moon, A.M., Singal, A.G., Tapper, E.B., Contemporary epidemiology of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (2019) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, (S1542–3565(19)). , 30849–30844; Albillos, A., Lario, M., Álvarez-Mon, M., Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance (2014) J Hepatol, 61 (6), pp. 1385-1396; Boettler, T., Newsome, P.N., Mondelli, M.U., Maticic, M., Cordero, E., Cornberg, M., Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper (2020) JHEP Rep, 2 (3), p. 100113; Mehra, M.R., Desai, S.S., Kuy, S., Henry, T.D., Patel, A.N., Cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, (NEJMoa2007621); Schmidt, M.L., Barritt, A.S., Orman, E.S., Hayashi, P.H., Decreasing mortality among patients hospitalized with cirrhosis in the United States from 2002 through 2010 (2015) Gastroenterology, 148 (5), pp. 967-977.e2; Schütte, A., Ciesek, S., Wedemeyer, H., Lange, C.M., Influenza virus infection as precipitating event of acute-on-chronic liver failure (2019) J Hepatol, 70 (4), pp. 797-799; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10229), pp. 1054-1062 PY - 2020 SN - 01688278 (ISSN) SP - 705-708 ST - High mortality rates for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: Preliminary results from an international registry T2 - Journal of Hepatology TI - High mortality rates for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: Preliminary results from an international registry UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086231436&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhep.2020.05.013&partnerID=40&md5=6493551631d38acb6ee0dce469fe3dc3 VL - 73 ID - 403 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Academic Support Center, UNC Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, United States UNC Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Pediatric and Public Health, UNC Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Moore, Z. AU - Stallard, J. AU - Tittemore, A. AU - Lee, J. Y. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/jdd.12344 J2 - J. Dent. Educ. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Lee, J.Y.; Division of Pediatric and Public Health, United States; email: jessica_lee@unc.edu PY - 2020 SN - 00220337 (ISSN) ST - The COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunity for integration of educational technology T2 - Journal of Dental Education TI - The COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunity for integration of educational technology UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089475736&doi=10.1002%2fjdd.12344&partnerID=40&md5=947e8573fe14b62bb6885cbed7d9c369 ID - 561 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Managing patients with severe asthma during the coronavirus pandemic and COVID-19 is a challenge. Authorities and physicians are still learning how COVID-19 affects people with underlying diseases, and severe asthma is not an exception. Unless relevant data emerge that change our understanding of the relative safety of medications indicated in patients with asthma during this pandemic, clinicians must follow the recommendations of current evidence-based guidelines for preventing loss of control and exacerbations. Also, with the absence of data that would indicate any potential harm, current advice is to continue the administration of biological therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with asthma for whom such therapies are clearly indicated and have been effective. For patients with severe asthma infected by SARS-CoV-2, the decision to maintain or postpone biological therapy until the patient recovers should be a case-by-case based decision supported by a multidisciplinary team. A registry of cases of COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma, including those treated with biologics, will help to address a clinical challenge in which we have more questions than answers. © 2020 The Authors AD - Allergy Centre, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States Hospital Quironsalud Bizkaia, Bilbao-Erandio, Spain National Hospital Organization, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagwa, Japan Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão PretoSão Paulo, Brazil Department of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy Personalized Medicine Asthma & Allergy Clinic, Humanitas University & Research Hospital IRCCS, Milano, Italy Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angelas (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States University of Missouri, Kansas City School of Medicine, United States Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Caracas, Venezuela Department of Pneumology/Intensive Care Medicine, Universitätsmedizin, Rostock, Germany INAER-Investigaciones en Alergia y Enfermedades Respiratorias, Buenos Aires, Argentina University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy Section, Cincinnati, OH, United States Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Medical Faculty at Akaki Tsereteli State University, Tskaltubo, KuTaisi, Georgia Allergy Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico Division of Allergy, Département de Pneumologie et Addictologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France Division Paediatric Allergology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye and Ear University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon Pediatric Allergy & Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States Department of Paediatrics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States AU - Morais-Almeida, M. AU - Aguiar, R. AU - Martin, B. AU - Ansotegui, I. J. AU - Ebisawa, M. AU - Arruda, L. K. AU - Caminati, M. AU - Canonica, G. W. AU - Carr, T. AU - Chupp, G. AU - Corren, J. AU - Dávila, I. AU - Park, H. S. AU - Hanania, N. A. AU - Rosenwasser, L. AU - Sánchez-Borges, M. AU - Virchow, J. C. AU - Yáñez, A. AU - Bernstein, J. A. AU - Caraballo, L. AU - Chang, Y. S. AU - Chikhladze, M. AU - Fiocchi, A. AU - González-Diaz, S. N. AU - Tanno, L. K. AU - Levin, M. AU - Ortega-Martell, J. A. AU - Passalacqua, G. AU - Peden, D. B. AU - Rouadi, P. W. AU - Sublett, J. L. AU - Wong, G. W. K. AU - Bleecker, E. R. C7 - 100126 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100126 IS - 5 J2 - World Allergy Organ. J. KW - Asthma Biologics COVID-19 Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Severe Treatment azithromycin benralizumab chloroquine corticosteroid dupilumab hydroxychloroquine lopinavir plus ritonavir mepolizumab omalizumab remdesivir reslizumab tocilizumab zinc biological therapy coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity drug safety human medical society priority journal Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 treatment indication vitamin supplementation LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :29 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Morais-Almeida, M.; Allergy Centre, Portugal; email: mmoraisalmeida@netcabo.pt Chemicals/CAS: azithromycin, 83905-01-5, 117772-70-0, 121470-24-4; benralizumab, 1044511-01-4; chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; dupilumab, 1190264-60-8; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; mepolizumab, 196078-29-2; omalizumab, 242138-07-4; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; reslizumab, 241473-69-8; tocilizumab, 375823-41-9; zinc, 7440-66-6, 14378-32-6 References: World Allergy organization (WAO) (2020), https://www.worldallergy.org/COVID-19Information, (Accessed 27 March 2020); Halpin, D., Faner, R., Sibila, O., Badia, J., Agusti, A., Do chronic respiratory diseases or their treatment affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection? (2020) Lancet Respir Med, , 2020 April 3; Li, X., Xu, S., Yu, M., Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol, , pii: S0091-6749(20)30495-4; Garg, S., Kim, L., Whitaker, M., Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 — COVID-NET, 14 states, march 1–30, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (15), pp. 458-464; Coronavirus disease 2019 in children - United States, february 12-april 2, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (14), pp. 422-426; Shaker, M.S., Oppenheimer, J., Grayson, M., COVID-19: pandemic contingency planning for the Allergy and Immunology clinic (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, , pii: S2213-2198(20)30253-1; Bhatraju, P.K., Ghassemieh, B.J., Nichols, M., Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region — case series (2020) N Engl J Med; Lee, N., Allen Chan, K.C., Hui, D.S., Effects of early corticosteroid treatment on plasma SARS-associated Coronavirus RNA concentrations in adult patients (2004) J Clin Virol, 31 (4), pp. 304-309; Arabi, Y.M., Mandourah, Y., Al-Hameed, F., Saudi critical care trial group. Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome (2018) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 197 (6), pp. 757-767; Global Initiative for Asthma, GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention 2020 (2020), www.ginasthma.org, Available from: (Accessed 7 April 2020); Rogliani, P., Calzetta, L., Matera, M.G., Severe asthma and biological therapy: when, which, and for whom (2019) Pulm Ther; Agache, I., Rocha, C., Beltran, J., Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals (benralizumab, dupilumab and omalizumab) for severe allergic asthma (2020) Allergy; Lugogo, N., Domingo, C., Chanez, P., Long-term efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma: a multi-center, open-label, phase IIIb study (2016) Clin Therapeut, 38, pp. 2058-2070; Murphy, K., Jacobs, J., Bjermer, L., Long-term safety and efficacy of reslizumab in patients with eosinophilic asthma (2017) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 5, pp. 1572-1581; Busse, W.W., Bleecker, E.R., FitzGerald, J.M., BORA study investigators. Long-term safety and efficacy of benralizumab in patients with severe, uncontrolled asthma: 1-year results from the BORA phase 3 extension trial (2019) Lancet Respir Med, 7 (1), pp. 46-59; Khatri, S., Moore, W., Gibson, P.G., Assessment of the long-term safety of mepolizumab and durability of clinical response in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma (2019) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 143 (5), pp. 1742-1751; Eichenfiled, L.F., Bieber, T., Beck, L.A., Infections in dupilumab clinial trials in atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive pooled analysis (2019) Am J Clin Dermatol, 20 (3), pp. 443-456; Peters, M.C., Sajuthi, S., Deford, P., SARS-COV-2 related genes in sputum cells in asthma: relationship to demographic features and corticosteroids (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med; Conti, P., Ronconi, G., Caraffa, A., Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by coronavírus-19: anti-inflammatory strategies (2020) J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 34 (2); (2019) Xolair Core Data Sheet, , Version 3.1. Effective Date: 11-Dec-2019; Xolair EU summary of product characteristics https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/xolair-epar-productinformation_en.pdf, Last updated: 25-Jul-2019 (Accessed 31 March 2020); Esquivel, A., Busse, W.W., Calatroni, A., Effects of omalizumab on rhinovirus infections, illnesses, and exacerbations of asthma (2017) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 196 (8), pp. 985-992; Heymann, P.W., Platts-Mills, T.A.E., Woodfolk, J.A., Understanding the asthmatic response to an experimental rhinovirus infection: exploring the effects of blocking IgE (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol, , pii: S0091-6749(20)30124-X; Self-administration of xolair pre-filled syringe (PFS) for asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic https://www.gene.com/medical-professionals/medicines/xolair, (Accessed 23 April 2020); Pavord, I.D., Korn, S., Howarth, P., Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2012) Lancet, 380 (9842), pp. 651-659; Zhang, J.J., Dong, X., Cao, Y.Y., Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China (2020) Allergy; Grasselli, G., Zangrillo, A., Zanella, A., COVID-19 lombardy ICU network. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the lombardy region (2020) Italy JAMA; Zhu, J., Ji, P., Pang, J., Clinical characteristics of 3,062 COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis (2020) J Med Virol; Kuang, F.L., Legrand, F., Makiya, M., Benralizumab for PDGFRA-negative hypereosinophilic syndrome (2019) N Engl J Med, 380 (14), pp. 1336-1346; https://www.gskusmedicalaffairs.com/docviewer.html?cmd=GSKMedicalInformation&medcommid=MED-US-6410&token=23108-ec0a3320-2843-479f-92a7-e9fa6f76308d&dns=gsk-medcomms.veevavault.com, (Accessed 31 March 2020); Bleecker, E.R., FitzGerald, J.M., Chanez, P., SIROCCO study investigators. Efficacy and safety of benralizumab for patients with severe asthma uncontrolled with high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2-agonists (SIROCCO): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (2016) Lancet, 388 (10056), pp. 2115-2127; FitzGerald, J.M., Bleecker, E.R., Nair, P., CALIMA study investigators. Benralizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 receptor α monoclonal antibody, as add-on treatment for patients with severe, uncontrolled, eosinophilic asthma (CALIMA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (2016) Lancet, 388 (10056), pp. 2128-2141; https://d27mnwjqm5ztsa.cloudfront.net/4d4d150a-bf20-4c76-945a-ce2a670c3c99/f0ab0443-7222-433b-80d4-f4fb0f7f73b6/f0ab0443-7222-433b-80d4-f4fb0f7f73b6_viewable_rendition__v.pdf, (Accessed 31 March 2020); Wenzel, S., Castro, M., Corren, J., Dupilumab efficacy and safety in adults with uncontrolled persistent asthma despite use of medium-to-high-dose inhaled corticosteroids plus a long-acting β2 agonist: a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled pivotal phase 2b dose-ranging trial (2016) Lancet, 388 (10039), pp. 31-44; Castro, M., Corren, J., Pavord, I.D., Dupilumab efficacy and safety in moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma (2018) N Engl J Med, 378 (26), pp. 2486-2496; https://www.sanofiusmedicalinformation.com/search-results, (Accessed 31 March 2020); https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Final-COVID-19-answers-to-frequent-questions-25.3.2020-1.pdf, (Accessed 31 March 2020); https://www.aaaai.org/ask-the-expert/covid, (Accessed 31 March 2020); https://acaai.org/news/important-information-about-covid-19-those-asthma, (Accessed 31 March 2020); https://www.europeanlung.org/en/news-and-events/news/covid-19-%E2%80%93-your-questions-answered-by-a-respiratory-expert; https://www.brit-thoracic.org.uk/about-us/covid-19-information-for-the-respiratory-community/, (Accessed 31 March 2020); http://www.siaaic.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Documento-di-Indirizzo-SIAAIC.pdf, (Accessed 8 April 2020); Sanders, J.M., Monogue, M.L., Jodlowski, T.Z., Cutrell, J.B., Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review (2020) JAMA; Grein, J., Ohmagari, N., Shin, D., Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med; Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Int J Infect Dis, , pii: S1201-9712(20)30136-3; Fang, L., Karakiulakis, G., Roth, M., Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? (2020) Lancet Respir Med, , pii: S2213-2600(20)30116-30118 PY - 2020 SN - 19394551 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19, asthma, and biological therapies: What we need to know T2 - World Allergy Organization Journal TI - COVID-19, asthma, and biological therapies: What we need to know UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084835034&doi=10.1016%2fj.waojou.2020.100126&partnerID=40&md5=f75602901fc19cf201b0f9c9fe330c83 VL - 13 ID - 507 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the aetiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging respiratory infection caused by the introduction of a novel coronavirus into humans late in 2019 (first detected in Hubei province, China). As of 18 September 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has spread to 215 countries, has infected more than 30 million people and has caused more than 950,000 deaths. As humans do not have pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic agents and vaccines to mitigate the current pandemic and to prevent the re-emergence of COVID-19. In February 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) assembled an international panel to develop animal models for COVID-19 to accelerate the testing of vaccines and therapeutic agents. Here we summarize the findings to date and provides relevant information for preclinical testing of vaccine candidates and therapeutic agents for COVID-19. © 2020, Springer Nature Limited. AD - Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany Centre for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), Washington, DC, United States National Infection Service, Public Health England, Salisbury, United Kingdom World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Department of Microbiology, Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Bioqual Inc, Rockville, MD, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking, China Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium Viroclinics Xplore, Schaijk, Netherlands Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States Animal Resources Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands Emulate Inc, Boston, MA, United States Department of Immunology, Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, United States Center for Immunology of Viral, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Inserm, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, Netherlands Center for Infection and Immunity, Columbia Mailman |School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Diego, San DiegoCA, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, Bellaterra, Spain Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, CSIRO, Geelong, , Victoria, Australia Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States AU - Muñoz-Fontela, C. AU - Dowling, W. E. AU - Funnell, S. G. P. AU - Gsell, P. S. AU - Riveros-Balta, A. X. AU - Albrecht, R. A. AU - Andersen, H. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Carroll, M. W. AU - Cavaleri, M. AU - Qin, C. AU - Crozier, I. AU - Dallmeier, K. AU - de Waal, L. AU - de Wit, E. AU - Delang, L. AU - Dohm, E. AU - Duprex, W. P. AU - Falzarano, D. AU - Finch, C. L. AU - Frieman, M. B. AU - Graham, B. S. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Guilfoyle, K. AU - Haagmans, B. L. AU - Hamilton, G. A. AU - Hartman, A. L. AU - Herfst, S. AU - Kaptein, S. J. F. AU - Klimstra, W. B. AU - Knezevic, I. AU - Krause, P. R. AU - Kuhn, J. H. AU - Le Grand, R. AU - Lewis, M. G. AU - Liu, W. C. AU - Maisonnasse, P. AU - McElroy, A. K. AU - Munster, V. AU - Oreshkova, N. AU - Rasmussen, A. L. AU - Rocha-Pereira, J. AU - Rockx, B. AU - Rodríguez, E. AU - Rogers, T. F. AU - Salguero, F. J. AU - Schotsaert, M. AU - Stittelaar, K. J. AU - Thibaut, H. J. AU - Tseng, C. T. AU - Vergara-Alert, J. AU - Beer, M. AU - Brasel, T. AU - Chan, J. F. W. AU - García-Sastre, A. AU - Neyts, J. AU - Perlman, S. AU - Reed, D. S. AU - Richt, J. A. AU - Roy, C. J. AU - Segalés, J. AU - Vasan, S. S. AU - Henao-Restrepo, A. M. AU - Barouch, D. H. C2 - 32967005 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41586-020-2787-6 IS - 7830 J2 - Nature KW - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine virus spike protein COVID-19 vaccine virus vaccine animal etiology numerical model respiratory disease severe acute respiratory syndrome viral disease virus biological model cat chicken coronavirus disease 2019 disease course dog duck flying fox human Mustela putorius furo Neovison vison nonhuman pathogenesis pig primate priority journal protein expression Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Syrian hamster transgenic animal vaccination virus cell interaction virus replication virus transmission Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection disease model drug effect immunology Mesocricetus mouse pandemic virology virus pneumonia China Hubei Animalia Coronavirus SARS coronavirus Animals Coronavirus Infections Disease Models, Animal Ferrets Humans Mice Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Primates Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :63 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NATUA Correspondence Address: Henao-Restrepo, A.M.; World Health OrganizationSwitzerland; email: henaorestrepoa@who.int Correspondence Address: Barouch, D.H.; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, United States; email: dbarouch@bidmc.harvard.edu Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19 vaccine; Viral Vaccines References: Verity, R., Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: A model-based analysis (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis., 20, pp. 669-677; Tang, D., Comish, P., Kang, R., The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease (2020) PLoS Pathog., 16. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXht1ahsbrI, PID: 32442210; Chau, V.Q., The imperfect cytokine storm: Severe COVID-19 with ARDS in a patient on durable LVAD support (2020) JACC: Case Reports, 2, pp. 1315-1320; Ji, H.-L., Zhao, R., Matalon, S., Matthay, M.A., Elevated plasmin(ogen) as a common risk factor for COVID-19 susceptibility (2020) Physiol. Rev., 100, pp. 1065-1075. , PID: 32216698; Hodgson, J., The pandemic pipeline (2020) Nat. Biotechnol., 38, pp. 523-532. , PID: 32203293; Bauer, D.C., Supporting pandemic response using genomics and bioinformatics: a case study on the emergent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak (2020) Transbound. Emerg. Dis., 67, pp. 1453-1462. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlOhtLnF, PID: 32306500; Wan, Y., Shang, J., Graham, R., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus (2020) J. Virol., 94, pp. e00127-20; Gu, H., (2020) Rapid Adaptation of Sars-Cov-2 in Balb/C Mice: Novel Mouse Model for Vaccine Efficacy, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.073411, Preprint at; Dinnon, K.H., A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature; McCray, P.B., Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 813-821; Tseng, C.-T.K., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of mice transgenic for the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 virus receptor (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 1162-1173; Bao, L., The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 830-833. , A study that shows that transgenic mice that express human ACE2 undergo severe disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection; Netland, J., Meyerholz, D.K., Moore, S., Cassell, M., Perlman, S., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 (2008) J. Virol., 82, pp. 7264-7275. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXovVSltr4%3D, PID: 18495771; Rathnasinghe, R., (2020) Comparison of Transgenic and Adenovirus Hace2 Mouse Models for Sars-Cov-2 Infection, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.06.190066, Preprint at; Winkler, E.S., (2020) Sars-Cov-2 Infection in the Lungs of Human ACE2 Transgenic Mice Causes Severe Inflammation, Immune Cell Infiltration, and Compromised Respiratory Function, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.09.196188, Preprint at, (,); Zheng, J., (2020) K18-Hace2 Mice for Studies of COVID-19 Treatments and Pathogenesis including Anosmia, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.07.242073, Preprint at; Cockrell, A.S., A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (2017) Nat. Microbiol., 2, p. 16226; Li, K., Mouse-adapted MERS coronavirus causes lethal lung disease in human DPP4 knockin mice (2017) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 114, pp. E3119-E3128. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXkvF2iur8%3D, PID: 28348219; Pascal, K.E., Pre- and postexposure efficacy of fully human antibodies against Spike protein in a novel humanized mouse model of MERS-CoV infection (2015) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 112, pp. 8738-8743. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtVOrs7%2FN, PID: 26124093; Sun, S.-H., A mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis (2020) Cell Host Microbe 28, e4, pp. 124-133; Zhao, J., Rapid generation of a mouse model for Middle East respiratory syndrome (2014) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. 4970-4975. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXjsFGrsb4%3D, PID: 24599590; Hassan, A.O., A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 744-753; Israelow, B., Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling (2020) J. Exp. Med, 217; Spengler, J.R., Severity of disease in humanized mice infected with Ebola virus or Reston virus is associated with magnitude of early viral replication in liver (2018) J. Infect. Dis., 217, pp. 58-63; Frias-Staheli, N., Utility of humanized BLT mice for analysis of dengue virus infection and antiviral drug testing (2014) J. Virol, 88, pp. 2205-2218; Price, A., Transcriptional correlates of tolerance and lethality in mice predict Ebola virus disease patient outcomes (2020) Cell Rep., 30, pp. 1702-1713.e6. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXotFektL4%3D, PID: 32049004; Rasmussen, A.L., Host genetic diversity enables Ebola hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis and resistance (2014) Science, 346, pp. 987-991. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhvFehurnJ, PID: 25359852; Gralinski, L.E., Genome wide identification of SARS-CoV susceptibility loci using the collaborative cross (2015) PLoS Genet., 11. , PID: 26452100; Feldstein, L.R., Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 334-346. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFWrs7jI, PID: 32598831; Ackermann, M., Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 120-128. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVeis7jK, PID: 32437596; Miao, J., Chard, L.S., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., Syrian hamster as an animal model for the study on infectious diseases (2019) Front. Immunol., 10, p. 2329; Roberts, A., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters (2005) J. Virol., 79, pp. 503-511; Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K., Syrian hamster as an animal model for the study of human influenza virus infection (2018) J. Virol., 92, pp. e01693-17; Wold, W.S.M., Toth, K., Chapter three – Syrian hamster as an animal model to study oncolytic adenoviruses and to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral compounds (2012) Adv. Cancer Res., 115, pp. 69-92; Chan, J.F.-W., Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: Implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis, p. ciaa325; Boudewijns, R., (2020) STAT2 Signaling as Double-Edged Sword Restricting Viral Dissemination but Driving Severe Pneumonia in Sars-Cov-2 Infected Hamsters, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.056838, Preprint at; Osterrieder, N., Age-dependent progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters (2020) Viruses, 12, p. 779. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1amsr3M; Imai, M., Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development (2020) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci, 117, pp. 16587-16595. , USA; Sia, S.F., Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 834-838. , A comprehensive description of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in the Syrian hamster model and its applicability for transmission studies; Kaptein, S.J., (2020) Antiviral Treatment of Sars-Cov-2-Infected Hamsters Reveals a Weak Effect of Favipiravir and a Complete Lack of Effect for Hydroxychloroquine, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.19.159053, Preprint at; Driouich, J.-S., (2020) Favipiravir and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Hamster Model, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.07.191775, Preprint at; Sanchez-Felipe, L., (2020) A Single-Dose Live-Attenuated Yf17d-Vectored Sars-Cov2 Vaccine Candidate, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.08.193045, Preprint at; Rogers, T.F., Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model (2020) Science, 369, pp. 956-963; Enkirch, T., von Messling, V., Ferret models of viral pathogenesis (2015) Virology, 479-480, pp. 259-270; Callaway, E., Labs rush to study coronavirus in transgenic animals — some are in short supply (2020) Nature, 579, p. 183. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXks1CjsLw%3D, PID: 32152596; Blanco-Melo, D., Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19 (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1036-1045. , A comparative pathogenesis study that compares host immune responses and pathophysiology hallmarks of SARS-CoV-2 infections in several animal models; Kim, Y.-I., Infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets (2020) Cell Host Microbe 27, e2, pp. 704-709; Ryan, K.A., (2020) Dose-Dependent Response to Infection with Sars-Cov-2 in the Ferret Model: Evidence of Protection to Re-Challenge, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.29.123810, Preprint at; Schlottau, K., (2020) Experimental Transmission Studies of Sars-Cov-2 in Fruit Bats, Ferrets, Pigs and Chickens, , https://ssrn.com/abstract=3578792; Shi, J., Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1016-1020. , The infection profile of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets as well as other species, with implications for public health; Richard, M., SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted via contact and via the air between ferrets (2020) Nat. Commun., 11, p. 3496; Munster, V.J., Respiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 585, pp. 268-272. , The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the rhesus macaque model; Rockx, B., Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1012-1015. , The comparative pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and other highly pathogenic coronaviruses in the non-human primate model; Chandrashekar, A., (2020) Science, 369, pp. 812-817. , SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques, This study provides evidence that natural infection protects against SARS-CoV-2 rechallenge in non-human primates; Finch, C.L., (2020) Characteristic and Quantifiable Covid-19-Like Abnormalities in CT- and Pet/Ct-Imaged Lungs of Sars-Cov-2-Infected Crab-Eating Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis), , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.096727, Preprint at; Yu, P., Age-related rhesus macaque models of COVID-19 (2020) Animal Model. Exp. Med., 3, pp. 93-97; Yu, J., DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 806-811. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsF2qsrrN, PID: 32434945; Gao, Q., Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 369, pp. 77-81. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlCmtL3P, PID: 32376603; Mercado, N.B., Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2607-z; van Doremalen, N., ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2608-y; Corbett, K.S., Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2024671; Shi, Z., Hu, Z., A review of studies on animal reservoirs of the SARS coronavirus (2008) Virus Res., 133, pp. 74-87. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtlWksbw%3D, PID: 17451830; Gillim-Ross, L., Discovery of novel human and animal cells infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus by replication-specific multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (2004) J. Clin. Microbiol., 42, pp. 3196-3206. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntFGktLs%3D, PID: 15243082; Oreshkova, N., SARS-CoV-2 infection in farmed minks, the Netherlands (2020) April and May 2020. Euro Surveill, 25, p. 1016; Halfmann, P.J., Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in domestic cats (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 592-594. , PID: 32402157; Bosco-Lauth, A.M., (2020) Pathogenesis, Transmission and Response to Re-Exposure of Sars-Cov-2 in Domestic Cats, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.28.120998; Chen, W., SARS-associated coronavirus transmitted from human to pig (2005) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 11, pp. 446-448. , PID: 15757562; Weingartl, H.M., Susceptibility of pigs and chickens to SARS coronavirus (2004) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 10, pp. 179-184. , PID: 15030680; Zhou, P., Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin (2018) Nature, 556, pp. 255-258. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXosVCgtbo%3D, PID: 29618817; Veljkovic, V., Vergara-Alert, J., Segalés, J., Paessler, S., Use of the informational spectrum methodology for rapid biological analysis of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prediction of potential receptor, natural reservoir, tropism and therapeutic/vaccine target (2020) F1000Res., 9, p. 52. , PID: 32419926; Barr, I.G., Rynehart, C., Whitney, P., Druce, J., SARS-CoV-2 does not replicate in embryonated hen’s eggs or in MDCK cell lines (2020) Euro Surveill, 25 (737); Swayne, D.E., Domestic poultry and SARS coronavirus, southern China (2004) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 10, pp. 914-916. , PID: 15200830; Menachery, V.D., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med., 21, pp. 1508-1513. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhslKgt7nO, PID: 26552008; Menachery, V.D., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 113, pp. 3048-3053. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XktV2msr8%3D, PID: 26976607; Li, W., Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses (2005) Science, 310, pp. 676-679. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtFChsLjO, PID: 16195424; Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I., Holmes, E.C., Garry, R.F., The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 450-452. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXltFCjtbY%3D, PID: 32284615; van Doremalen, N., SARS-like coronavirus WIV1-CoV does not replicate in Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) (2018) Viruses, 10, p. 727; Han, Y., (2020) Identification of Candidate COVID-19 Therapeutics Using Hpsc-Derived Lung Organoids, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.079095, Preprint at; Si, L., (2020) Human Organs-On-Chips as Tools for Repurposing Approved Drugs as Potential Influenza and COVID19 Therapeutics in Viral Pandemics, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.039917, Preprint at; Zhai, X., Comparison of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein binding to ACE2 receptors from human, pets, farm animals, and putative intermediate hosts (2020) J. Virol, 94 (1199); Damas, J., Broad host range of SARS-CoV-2 predicted by comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 in vertebrates (2020) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 22311-22322. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsl2hsbjP, PID: 32826334; Williamson, B.N., Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 585, pp. 273-276. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhslelu7rJ, PID: 32516797; Graham, B.S., Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development (2020) Science, 368, pp. 945-946. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVCntbnJ, PID: 32385100 PY - 2020 SN - 00280836 (ISSN) SP - 509-515 ST - Animal models for COVID-19 T2 - Nature TI - Animal models for COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091358247&doi=10.1038%2fs41586-020-2787-6&partnerID=40&md5=efac0a1754be218fb18a74abb53c1b16 VL - 586 ID - 318 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Neurology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94304, United States Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Department of Neurology and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom Neurology Department, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Neurology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan Department of Neurology, Hanamaki General Hospital, Hanamaki, Japan Yale University School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States AU - Muppidi, S. AU - Guptill, J. T. AU - Jacob, S. AU - Li, Y. AU - Farrugia, M. E. AU - Guidon, A. C. AU - Tavee, J. O. AU - Kaminski, H. AU - Howard, J. F., Jr. AU - Cutter, G. AU - Wiendl, H. AU - Maas, M. B. AU - Illa, I. AU - Mantegazza, R. AU - Murai, H. AU - Utsugisawa, K. AU - Nowak, R. J. AU - Tyagi, A. AU - Sousa, A. P. AU - Amato, A. A. AU - Pinto, A. AU - Roy, B. AU - Carmichael, C. AU - Dodig, D. AU - Burke, G. AU - Cutter, G. R. AU - Lee, I. AU - Guptill, J. AU - Howard, J. F., Jr. AU - Caress, J. AU - Pritchard, J. AU - Vissing, J. AU - Best, K. AU - Ramezani, M. AU - Maas, M. AU - Hehir, M. K. AU - Kaku, M. AU - Esquivel, N. J. AU - Gallagher, P. AU - Maddison, P. AU - Ambrose, P. A. AU - Mantegazza, R. E. AU - Do Campo, R. V. AU - Saba, S. AU - Nafissi, S. AU - Itoyama, S. AU - Viegas, S. V. AU - Marshall, V. AU - Li, Y. L. AU - Group, Care-Mg Study C2 - 33212055 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30413-0 IS - 12 J2 - Lancet Neurol. KW - azithromycin hydroxychloroquine immunoglobulin steroid coronavirus disease 2019 disease exacerbation human immunotherapy Letter medical information misinformation myasthenia gravis neurologist personal experience plasma exchange priority journal rare disease Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 register risk factor COVID-19 Humans Registries Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: LNAEA Chemicals/CAS: azithromycin, 83905-01-5, 117772-70-0, 121470-24-4; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; immunoglobulin, 9007-83-4 Funding details: Alexion Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Actelion Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, AHRQ Funding details: Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America, MGFA Funding details: F. Hoffmann-La Roche Funding details: GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Funding details: CSL Behring Funding details: European Commission, EC Funding details: Gemeinnützige Hertie-Stiftung Funding details: H. Lundbeck A/S Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: Schweizerische Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft Funding details: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS Funding text 1: SM reports consultation fees for advisory board meetings from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, argenx, Ra Pharmaceuticals, unrelated to this Correspondence. JTG reports personal fees for advisory boards from Immunovant, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Cabaletta Bio, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, argenx, and Momenta Pharmaceuticals and grants from Ra Pharmaceuticals, unrelated to this Correspondence. SJ has served as an international advisory board member for Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; is currently an expert panel member of myasthenia gravis consortium for argenx, has worked as chief or principal investigator for myasthenia trials by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, argenx, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, and UCB and has received speaker fees from Terumo Blood and Cell Technologies and Eisai, unrelated to this Correspondence. ACG has received research support from the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America and Myasthenia Gravis Rare Disease Network; clinical trial funding and consultant fees or honoraria from Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Ra Pharmaceuticals, and Alexion Pharmaceuticals; and publishing royalties from Oakstone Publishing, unrelated to this Correspondence. JFHJ has received research support from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, argenx, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA, USA), the Muscular Dystrophy Association, the National Institutes of Health (including the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases), Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Ra Pharmaceuticals; honoraria from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, argenx, Ra Pharmaceuticals, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and Viela Bio; and non-financial support from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, argenx, Ra Pharmaceuticals, and Toleranzia, unrelated to this Correspondence. GC reports personal fees from MedDay Pharmaceuticals during the conduct of the study; personal fees for data safety monitoring boards from AstraZeneca, Avexis, BioLineRx, BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, CSL Behring, Galmed Pharmaceuticals, Horizon Pharmaceuticals, Hisun Pharmaceuticals, Mapi Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Merck/Pfizer, Opko Biologics, Neurim, Novartis, Ophazyme, Sanofi-Aventis, Reata Pharmaceuticals, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Viela Bio, Vivus, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, unrelated to this Correspondence; personal fees for consulting or advisory board from Biogen, Click Therapeutics, Sanofi Genzyme, Genentech, GW Pharmaceuticals, Klein-Buendel, MedImmune, Novartis, Osmotica Pharmaceuticals, Perception Neurosciences, Recursion Pharmaceuticals/CereXis, Roche, Somahlution, and TG Therapeutics; and personal fees from Pythagoras, unrelated to this Correspondence. HW reports grants and personal fees from Abbvie, Biogen, Merck Serono, Sanofi Genzyme; personal fees from Evgen, MedDay Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Roche Pharmaceuticals, Immunic, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Actelion, F Hoffmann-La Roche, Gemeinnützige Hertie-Stiftung, Lundbeck, Teva Pharmaceuticals, WebMD Global; grants from Federal Ministry for Education and Research, Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft, Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation, EU, Fresenius Foundation, Hertie Foundation, North Rhine-Westphalia Ministry of Education and Research, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Studies Muenster, Rasmussen's Encephalitis Children's Foundation, Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Consortium, Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Society, and GSK, unrelated to this Correspondence. MBM receives grant funding from the National Institutes of Health and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, unrelated to this Correspondence. HM reports personal fees from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, argenx, Ra Pharmaceuticals, and UCB; and grants from Japan Blood Products Organization and Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, unrelated to this Correspondence. KU has served as a paid consultant for rgenx, Ra Pharmaceuticals, UCB, and Viela Bio and has received speaker honoraria from the Japan Blood Products Organization and Alexion Pharmaceuticals, unrelated to this Correspondence. RJN has received research support from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, argenx, Genentech, Grifols, Immunovant, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America, the National Institutes of Health (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases), and Ra Pharmaceuticals; and consultancy fees from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, argenx, CSL Behring, Grifols, Immunovant, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Ra Pharmaceuticals, Roivant Sciences, and Viela Bio, unrelated to this Correspondence. RM has received funding for travel or meeting attendance from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, argenx, Biomarin Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Catalyst Pharmaceuticals, Merck Serono, and UCB and for advisory board participation from Alexion Pharmaceuticals, argenx, UCB, and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. All other authors declare no competing interests. SM, JTG, and RJN contributed equally. References: Korsukewitz, C., Reddel, S.W., Bar-Or, A., Wiendl, H., Neurological immunotherapy in the era of COVID-19—looking for consensus in the literature (2020) Nat Rev Neurol, 16, pp. 493-505; Robberecht, W., Bednarik, J., Bourgeois, P., Van Hees, J., Carton, H., Myasthenic syndrome caused by direct effect of chloroquine on neuromuscular junction (1989) Arch Neurol, 46, pp. 464-468; Cadisch, R., Streit, E., Hartmann, K., Exacerbation of pseudoparalytic myasthenia gravis following azithromycin (Zithromax) (1996) Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 126, pp. 308-310. , (in German); Jacob, S., Muppidi, S., Guidon, A., Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Neurol Sci, 412; Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1239-1242; CARE-MG https://myasthenia.org/For-Professionals/Resources-for-Professionals/CARE-MG, (Accessed 26 October 2020)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096457625&doi=10.1016%2fS1474-4422%2820%2930413-0&partnerID=40&md5=3f4d35828e3b27f9b1c3372626c537a6 PY - 2020 SN - 14744422 (ISSN) SP - 970-971 ST - COVID-19-associated risks and effects in myasthenia gravis (CARE-MG) T2 - The Lancet Neurology TI - COVID-19-associated risks and effects in myasthenia gravis (CARE-MG) VL - 19 ID - 263 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Recent indirect evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission during endoscopic endonasal procedures has highlighted the dearth of knowledge surrounding aerosol generation with these procedures. As we adapt to function in the era of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) a better understanding of how surgical techniques generate potentially infectious aerosolized particles will enhance the safety of operating room (OR) staff and learners. Objective: To provide greater understanding of possible SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk during endonasal surgeries by quantifying increases in airborne particle concentrations during endoscopic sinonasal surgery. Methods: Aerosol concentrations were measured during live-patient endoscopic endonasal surgeries in ORs with an optical particle sizer. Measurements were taken throughout the procedure at six time points: 1) before patient entered the OR, 2) before pre-incision timeout during OR setup, 3) during cold instrumentation with suction, 4) during microdebrider use, 5) during drill use and, 6) at the end of the case prior to extubation. Measurements were taken at three different OR position: surgeon, circulating nurse, and anesthesia provider. Results: Significant increases in airborne particle concentration were measured at the surgeon position with both the microdebrider (p = 0.001) and drill (p = 0.001), but not for cold instrumentation with suction (p = 0.340). Particle concentration did not significantly increase at the anesthesia position or the circulator position with any form of instrumentation. Overall, the surgeon position had a mean increase in particle concentration of 2445 particles/ft3 (95% CI 881 to 3955; p = 0.001) during drill use and 1825 particles/ft3 (95% CI 641 to 3009; p = 0.001) during microdebrider use. Conclusion: Drilling and microdebrider use during endonasal surgery in a standard operating room is associated with a significant increase in airborne particle concentrations. Fortunately, this increase in aerosol concentration is localized to the area of the operating surgeon, with no detectable increase in aerosol particles at other OR positions. © The Author(s) 2020. AD - Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Murr, A. AU - Lenze, N. R. AU - Brown, W. C. AU - Gelpi, M. W. AU - Ebert, C. S., Jr. AU - Senior, B. A. AU - Thorp, B. D. AU - Zanation, A. M. AU - Kimple, A. J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/1945892420962335 J2 - Am. J. Rhinol. and Allergy KW - aerosolization airborne particles COVID-19 endoscopic sinus surgery SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJRHE Correspondence Address: Murr, A.; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, United States; email: alexander_murr@med.unc.edu References: Livingston, E., Desai, A., Berkwits, M., Sourcing personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) JAMA, 323 (19), pp. 1912-1914; Indolfi, C., Spaccarotella, C., The outbreak of COVID-19 in Italy (2020) JACC Case Rep, 2 (9), pp. 1414-1418; Nacoti, M., Ciocca, A., Giupponi, A., At the epicenter of the Covid-19 pandemic and humanitarian crises in Italy: changing perspectives on preparation and mitigation (2020) NEJM Catal Innov Care Deliv, 1 (2); Abbasi, J., The promise and peril of antibody testing for COVID-19 (2020) JAMA, 323 (19), pp. 1881-1883; Tahamtan, A., Ardebili, A., Real-time RT-PCR in COVID-19 detection: issues affecting the results (2020) Expert Rev Mol Diagn, 20 (5), pp. 453-454; Patel, Z.M., Fernandez-Miranda, J., Hwang, P.H., Letter: precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Neurosurgery, 87 (1), pp. E66-E67; Huang, X., Zhu, W., Zhao, H., In reply: precautions for endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Neurosurgery, 87 (2), pp. E160-E161; (2020) Bloomberg, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-17/europe-s-doctors-getting-sick-like-in-wuhan-chinese-doctors-say, March 17; Tran, K., Cimon, K., Severn, M., Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: a systematic review (2012) PLoS One, 7 (4), p. e35797; (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-risk-assesment-hcp.html, Guidance for risk assessment and work restrictions for healthcare personnel with potential exposure to COVID-19 | CDC., Updated June 18, Accessed May 28, 2020; Workman, M.A., Jafari, A., Bradley Welling, D., Airborne aerosol generation during endonasal procedures the era of COVID-1 19: risks and recommendations., 2020;163(3):465--470; Workman, A.D., Welling, D.B., Carter, B.S., Endonasal instrumentation and aerosolization risk in the era of COVID-19: simulation, literature review, and proposed mitigation strategies (2020) Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 10 (7), pp. 798-805; Mick, P., Murphy, R., Aerosol-generating otolaryngology procedures and the need for enhanced PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review (2020) J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 49 (1), p. 29; Zheng, S., Fan, J., Yu, F., Viral load dynamics and disease severity in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Zhejiang province, China, January–March 2020: retrospective cohort study (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1443; Shereen, M.A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N., Siddique, R., COVID-19 infection: origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses (2020) J Adv Res, 24, pp. 91-98; Liu, Y., Yan, L.M., Wan, L., Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (6), pp. 656-657; Roy, C.J., Milton, D.K., Airborne Transmission of Communicable Infection - The Elusive Pathway (2004) N Engl J Med, 350, pp. 1710-1712; (2014), www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html, Published, Accessed July 27, 2020; Liu, Y., Ning, Z., Chen, Y., Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals (2020) Nature, 582 (7813), pp. 557-560 PY - 2020 SN - 19458924 (ISSN) ST - Quantification of Aerosol Particle Concentrations During Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery in the Operating Room T2 - American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy TI - Quantification of Aerosol Particle Concentrations During Endoscopic Sinonasal Surgery in the Operating Room UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092198616&doi=10.1177%2f1945892420962335&partnerID=40&md5=ae886828862f60998e1f81156296bbdf ID - 549 ER - TY - JOUR AB - COVID-19 emerged in November 2019 leading to a global pandemic that has not only resulted in widespread medical complications and loss of life, but has also impacted global economies and transformed daily life. The current rapid response study in a convenience online sample quickly recruited 2,065 participants across the United States, Canada, and Europe in late March and early April 2020. Cross-sectional findings indicated elevated anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to historical norms, which were positively associated with COVID-19 concern more strongly than epidemiological data signifying risk (e.g., world and country confirmed cases). Employment loss was positively associated with greater depressive symptoms and COVID-19 concern, and depressive symptoms and COVID-19 concern were significantly associated with more stringent self-quarantine behavior. The rapid collection of data during the early phase of this pandemic is limited by under-representation of non-White and middle age and older adults. Nevertheless, these findings have implications for interventions to slow the spread of COVID-19 infection. Copyright: © 2020 Nelson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. AD - Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hills, NC, United States AU - Nelson, B. W. AU - Pettitt, A. AU - Flannery, J. E. AU - Allen, N. B. C2 - 33175882 C7 - e0241990 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0241990 IS - 11 November J2 - PLoS ONE KW - adult aged anxiety disorder Article behavior change Canada coronavirus disease 2019 cross-sectional study depression epidemiological data Europe female financial deficit home quarantine human information processing Internet major clinical study male mental health pandemic risk factor unemployment United States adolescent anxiety Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection economic recession health behavior isolation and purification lifestyle middle aged pathology psychology quarantine questionnaire social isolation virology virus pneumonia young adult Coronavirus Infections Cross-Sectional Studies Humans Life Style Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Surveys and Questionnaires LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: POLNC Correspondence Address: Nelson, B.W.; Department of Psychology, United States; email: bwn@uoregon.edu References: Hopkins, Johns, (2020) Coronavirus COVID-19 (2019-nCoV), , https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6; Sanche, S., Lin, Y. T., Xu, C., Romero-Severson, E., Hengartner, N., Ke, R., Early Release—High Contagiousness and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2—Vol-ume 26, Number 7—July 2020 (2020), https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200282, Emerging Infectious Diseases journal—CDC; Ferguson, N., Laydon, D., Nedjati Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M., (2020) Report 9: Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand [Report], , https://doi.org/10.25561/77482; Onder, G., Rezza, G., Brusaferro, S., Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy (2020) JAMA, , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4683, PMID: 32203977; Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10227), pp. 912-920. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8; Taylor, S., (2019) The psychology of pandemics: Preparing for the next global outbreak of infectious disease; Wilson, D., Psychological Trauma and Its Treatment in the Polio Epidemics (2008) Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 82 (4), pp. 848-877. , https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.0.0119, PMID: 19075386; Taylor, M. R., Agho, K. E., Stevens, G. J., Raphael, B., Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: Data from Australia’s first outbreak of equine influenza (2008) BMC Public Health, 8 (1). , https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-347, PMID: 18831770; Yu, H. Y. R., Ho, S. C., So, K. F. E., Lo, Y. L., The psychological burden experienced by Hong Kong midlife women during the SARS epidemic (2005) Stress and Health, 21 (3), pp. 177-184. , https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1051; Cheung, Y. T., Chau, P. H., Yip, P. S. F., A revisit on older adults suicides and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Hong Kong (2008) International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23 (12), pp. 1231-1238. , https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2056, PMID: 18500689; Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China (2020) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (5), p. 1729. , https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729, PMID: 32155789; Zhang, F., Shang, Z., Ma, H., Jia, Y., Sun, L., Guo, X., High risk of infection caused posttraumatic stress symptoms in individuals with poor sleep quality: A study on influence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China [Preprint] (2020) Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.22.20034504; (2020) COVID-19 Pulse: Delivering weekly insights on the pandemic from a 150,000+ person connected cohort, , https://evidation.com, Evidation. Evidation; Jacobson, N. C., Lekkas, D., Price, G., Heinz, M. V., Song, M., O’Malley, A. J., Flattening the Mental Health Curve: COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Result in Alterations in Mental Health Search Behavior in the United States [Preprint] (2020), https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/24v5b, PsyArXiv; Ammerman, B. A., Burke, T. A., Jacobucci, R., McClure, K., Preliminary Investigation of the Association Between COVID-19 and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in the U.S. [Preprint] (2020), https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/68djp, PsyArXiv; (2020) Trade set to plunge as COVID-19 pandemic upends global economy, , https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres20_e/pr855_e.htm, World Trade Organization; (2020) Unemployment Insurance Weekly Claims, , https://www.dol.gov/ui/data.pdf, US Department of Labor; 10% of US labor force now out of work since virus slammed economy as 6.6 million file for jobless aid (2020), https://apnews.com/1b8c73602e34a594b2a5c33c23cf6e6b, Associated Press. (April 9). AP NEWS; Faria-e-Castro, M., (2020) Back-of-the-Envelope Estimates of Next Quarter’s Unemployment Rate | St. Louis Fed, , https://www.stlouisfed.org/on-the-economy/2020/march/back-envelope-estimates-nextquarters-unemployment-rate; (2020) COVID-19: Impact could see 195 million job losses, says ILO chief, , https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061322, United Nations. (April 8). UN News; Forbes, M. K., Krueger, R. F., The Great Recession and Mental Health in the United States (2019) Clinical Psychological Science, 7 (5), pp. 900-913. , https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702619859337, PMID: 32775044; Chang, S.-S., Stuckler, D., Yip, P., Gunnell, D., Impact of 2008 global economic crisis on suicide: Time trend study in 54 countries (2013) BMJ, 347 (sep17 1), pp. f5239-f5239. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f5239, PMID: 24046155; Kerr, W. C., Kaplan, M. S., Huguet, N., Caetano, R., Giesbrecht, N., McFarland, B. H., Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates: Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss (2017) American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 52 (4), pp. 469-475. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.09.021, PMID: 27856114; Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., Baker, M., Harris, T., Stephenson, D., Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review (2015) Perspectives on Psychological Science, , https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614568352, PMID: 25910392; r/Coronavirus—Scientific Studies Looking For Participants (2020), https://www.reddit.com/r/Coronavirus/comments/fux5z5/scientific_studies_looking_for_participants/, Reddit. Reddit; Arroll, B., Goodyear-Smith, F., Crengle, S., Gunn, J., Kerse, N., Fishman, T., Validation of PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 to Screen for Major Depression in the Primary Care Population (2010) The Annals of Family Medicine, 8 (4), pp. 348-353. , https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1139, PMID: 20644190; Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Monahan, P. O., Löwe, B., Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care: Prevalence, Impairment, Comorbidity, and Detection (2007) Annals of Internal Medicine, 146 (5), p. 317. , https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004, PMID: 17339617; Plummer, F., Manea, L., Trepel, D., McMillan, D., Screening for anxiety disorders with the GAD-7 and GAD-2: A systematic review and diagnostic metaanalysis (2016) General Hospital Psychiatry, 39, pp. 24-31. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.11.005, PMID: 26719105; Skapinakis, P., The 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale had high sensitivity and specificity for detecting GAD in primary care (2007) Evidence-Based Medicine, 12 (5), pp. 149-149. , https://doi.org/10.1136/ebm.12.5.149, PMID: 17909240; Löwe, B., Wahl, I., Rose, M., Spitzer, C., Glaesmer, H., Wingenfeld, K., A 4-item measure of depression and anxiety: Validation and standardization of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) in the general population (2010) Journal of Affective Disorders, 122 (1–2), pp. 86-95. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.06.019, PMID: 19616305; Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., The Patient Health Questionnaire-2: Validity of a Two-Item Depression Screener (2003) Medical Care, 41 (11), pp. 1284-1292. , https://doi.org/10.1097/01.MLR.0000093487.78664.3C, PMID: 14583691; Manea, L., Gilbody, S., Hewitt, C., North, A., Plummer, F., Richardson, R., Identifying depression with the PHQ-2: A diagnostic meta-analysis (2016) Journal of Affective Disorders, 203, pp. 382-395. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.003, PMID: 27371907; Patil, I., (2018) ggstatsplot: “ggplot2” Based Plots with Statistical Details, , https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=ggstatsplot; Mehta, A. B., Christopher Groskopf, Dhrumil, (2020) How Americans View The Coronavirus Crisis And Trump’s Response, , http://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/coronavirus-polls/, (April 3). FiveThirtyEight; Provisional Death Counts for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), , https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/covid19/index.htm, CDC. (2020b); Renner, B., Gamp, M., Schmälzle, R., Schupp, H. T., Health Risk Perception (2015) International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 702-709. , https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.14138-8, Elsevier; Slovic, P., Peters, E., Risk Perception and Affect (2006) Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15 (6), pp. 322-325. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00461.x; Ferrer, R. A., Klein, W. M., Risk perceptions and health behavior (2015) Current Opinion in Psychology, 5, pp. 85-89. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.03.012, PMID: 26258160; Green, E. C., Witte, K., Can Fear Arousal in Public Health Campaigns Contribute to the Decline of HIV Prevalence? (2006) Journal of Health Communication, 11 (3), pp. 245-259. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730600613807, PMID: 16624790; Floyd, D. L., Prentice-Dunn, S., Rogers, R. W., A Meta-Analysis of Research on Protection Motivation Theory (2000) Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30 (2), pp. 407-429. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.15591816.2000.tb02323.x; Boas, T. C., Christenson, D. P., Glick, D. M., Recruiting large online samples in the United States and India: Facebook, Mechanical Turk, and Qualtrics (2020) Political Science Research and Methods, 8 (2), pp. 232-250. , https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2018.28; Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019—COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1–30, 2020 , p. 69. , https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e3, CDC. (2020a). MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report; Cooney, E., Who gets hospitalized for Covid-19? Report shows race and sex disparities (2020), https://www.statnews.com/2020/04/09/hospitalized-covid-19-patients-differences-by-race-andsex/, (April 9). STAT; Gupta, S., Why African-Americans may be especially vulnerable to COVID-19 (2020) Science News, , https://www.sciencenews.org/article/coronavirus-why-african-americans-vulnerable-covid-19-health-race, (April 10); Johnson, A., Buford, T., (2020) ProPublica, , https://www.propublica.org/article/early-data-shows-african-americans-have-contracted-and-died-of-coronavirus-at-analarming-rate, Early Data Shows African Americans Have Contracted and Died of Coronavirus at an Alarming Rate, Retrieved April 12, 2020, from; Americans Immersed in Coronavirus News; Most Think Media Are Doing Fairly Well Covering It, , https://www.journalism.org/2020/03/18/americans-immersed-in-covid-19-news-most-think-media-are-doing-fairly-well-covering-it/, PEW. (2020, March 18). Pew Research Center’s Journalism Project PY - 2020 SN - 19326203 (ISSN) ST - Rapid assessment of psychological and epidemiological correlates of COVID-19 concern, financial strain, and health-related behavior change in a large online sample T2 - PLoS ONE TI - Rapid assessment of psychological and epidemiological correlates of COVID-19 concern, financial strain, and health-related behavior change in a large online sample UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096083187&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0241990&partnerID=40&md5=ad0a8d8d174dfea3e07a496547461896 VL - 15 ID - 298 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons were once heralded as the “holy grail of marketing,” a “cookie” for the physical world. An entire industry—proximity marketing—evolved to capture value from beacon-enabled micro-location networks, with venture capitalists, startups, mobile operating systems suppliers, and major platforms all making substantial investments of data, labor, and resources in the technology. Despite these investments, beacons fell out of favor abruptly, with observers dismissing the technology as an overly cumbersome solution in search of a problem, a “low-value fad.” We offer a microhistorical account of beacons’ small yet untenable role in the ecologies of location-based commercial surveillance—from the standards wars between Apple and Google to the efforts of startups and tech giants to capitalize on the market’s enthusiasm for beacons, and finally, to the industry’s quiet collapse. Our analysis builds upon work on the relationship between platform and infrastructure. We argue that proximity marketers failed to construct a viable platform-infrastructure hybrid capable of monetizing beacon proximity data and identify three axes along which beacons frustrated marketers’ ambitions for the technology: scalability, exclusivity, and visibility. We conclude by revisiting the platform-infrastructure relationship to discuss beacons’ legacy in two surveillance systems: student tracking on college campuses and contact-tracing initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. © The Author(s) 2020. AD - New York University School of Law, United States University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill, United States AU - Nicholas, G. AU - Shapiro, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/2050157920975836 J2 - Mob. Media Commun. KW - beacons Bluetooth commercial surveillance infrastructure mobile advertising platforms proximity marketing LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Shapiro, A.; University of North Carolina–Chapel HillUnited States; email: aaron.shapiro@unc.edu References: Andrejevic, M., Surveillance in the digital enclosure (2007) The Communication Review, 10 (4), pp. 295-317; Discontinuing support for Android Nearby Notifications (2018) Android Developers Blog, , https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2018/10/discontinuing-support-for-android.html; (2020) Apple and Google partner on COVID-19 contact tracing technology, , https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2020/04/apple-and-google-partner-on-covid-19-contact-tracing-technology; Augur, H., Beacon data monetization: Side effect or end goal? (2017) Kontakt.Io, , https://kontakt.io/blog/monetize-beacon-data; Bernstein, S., The realities of installing iBeacon to scale (2015) BKM Tech, , https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/community/blogosphere/2015/02/04/the-realities-of-installing-ibeacon-to-scale/; Biddle, S., Here’s Facebook’s former “privacy sherpa” discussing how to harm your Facebook privacy (2018) The Intercept, , https://theintercept.com/2018/12/05/facebook-privacy-android-app/; Bluetooth proximity marketing, , http://www.bluetoothmarketing.com/; (2020) Our history, , https://web.archive.org/web/20170306181523/https://www.bluetooth.com/about-us/our-history; Bowker, G.C., Star, S.L., (1999) Sorting things out, , MIT Press; Brandom, R., Why does my phone make it so hard to turn off Bluetooth? (2018) The Verge, , https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/25/17041440/bluetooth-location-tracking-iphone-android-privacy; Carah, N., Algorithmic brands: A decade of brand experiments with mobile and social media (2017) New Media & Society, 19 (3), pp. 384-400; Carmichael, E., Attribution failures (2019) Empyr, , https://blog.empyr.com/beacon-technology-failures; Chang, K.-H., Bluetooth: A viable solution for IoT? (2014) IEEE Wireless Communications, 21 (6), pp. 6-7; Cheng, R., Baseball’s beacon trials hint at Apple’s location revolution (2013) CNET, , https://www.cnet.com/news/baseballs-beacon-trials-hint-at-apples-location-revolution/; Colon, A., Apple reportedly rolls out iBeacon certification program (2014) Gigaom, , https://gigaom.com/2014/02/25/apple-reportedly-rolls-out-ibeacon-certification-program/; Dalton, C.M., Sovereigns, spooks, and hackers: An early history of Google geo services and map mashups (2013) Cartographica, 48 (4), pp. 261-274; Dang, S., Google, Facebook have tight grip on growing U.S. online ad market (2019) Reuters, , https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alphabet-facebook-advertising-idUSKCN1T61IV; Dunn, T., Why the beacon revolution has been postponed (2014) Digiday, , https://digiday.com/marketing/beacon-revolution-postponed/; Egyedi, T., Infrastructure flexibility created by standardized gateways: The cases of XML and the ISO container (2001) Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 14 (3), pp. 41-54; (2004) Milestones in the Bluetooth advance, , https://web.archive.org/web/20040620150507/http://www.ericsson.com/bluetooth/companyove/history-bl/; Etherington, D., Waze launches Bluetooth beacons to avoid tunnel blackouts (2016) TechCrunch, , https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/21/waze-launches-bluetooth-beacons-to-avoid-tunnel-blackouts/; Evans, D.S., (2011) Platform economics, , Competition Policy International; Introducing Place Tips for businesses (2015) Facebook for Business, , https://www.facebook.com/business/news/place-tips-for-businesses; Farago, P., App engagement (2012) Flurry Analytics, , /blog/post/113379517625/a-engagement-the-matrix-reloaded; (2019) Pilgrim SDK, , https://enterprise.foursquare.com; Frith, J., (2019) A billion little pieces: RFID and infrastructures of identification, , MIT Press; Gandy, O., (1993) The panoptic sort, , Westview Press; Gibbs, S., iOS 11: Toggling wifi and Bluetooth in Control Centre doesn’t actually turn them off (2017) The Guardian, , https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/sep/21/ios-11-apple-toggling-wifi-bluetooth-control-centre-doesnt-turn-them-off; Gillespie, T., The politics of ‘platforms.’ (2010) New Media & Society, 12 (3), pp. 347-364; Girish, D., Creating an Eddystone campaign to measure the offline attribution of a Google AdWords campaign (2019) Beaconstac, , https://blog.beaconstac.com/2017/05/creating-an-eddystone-campaign-to-measure-the-offline-attribution-of-a-google-adwords-campaign/; Goldenfein, J., Green, B., Viljoen, S., Privacy versus health is a false trade-off (2020) Jacobin, , https://jacobinmag.com/2020/04/privacy-health-surveillance-coronavirus-pandemic-technology; Location and proximity superpowers: Eddystone + Google Beacon Platform (2016) Google I/O 2016, , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nYyApSiSLQ; (2020) Program funding: Who pays for GPS?, , https://www.gps.gov/policy/funding; Graham, S., Marvin, S., (2001) Splintering urbanism, , Routledge; Grothaus, M., 5G means you’ll have to say goodbye to your location privacy (2019) Fast Company, , https://www.fastcompany.com/90314058/5g-means-youll-have-to-say-goodbye-to-your-location-privacy; Gruman, G., Beacons are harder to deploy than you think (2015) InfoWorld, , https://www.infoworld.com/article/2983166/beacons-are-harder-to-deploy-than-you-think.html; Gruman, G., Why Apple’s iBeacons technology has gone nowhere (2016) InfoWorld, , https://www.infoworld.com/article/3055949/why-apples-ibeacons-technology-has-gone-nowhere.html; Halegoua, G.R., Lingel, J., Lit up and left dark: Failures of imagination in urban broadband networks: (2018) New Media & Society, 20 (12), pp. 4634-4652; Harwell, D., Colleges are turning students’ phones into surveillance machines, tracking the locations of hundreds of thousands (2019) Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/12/24/colleges-are-turning-students-phones-into-surveillance-machines-tracking-locations-hundreds-thousands/; Helmond, A., The platformization of the web: Making web data platform ready (2015) Social Media + Society, 1 (2). , https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305115603080; Helmond, A., Nieborg, D.B., Vlist, F.N.D., Facebook’s evolution: Development of a platform-as-infrastructure (2019) Internet Histories, 3 (2), pp. 123-146; Helms, D., Wallace, M., Young, D., Sexton, C., Martin, D., (2016) Interleaving multiple bluetooth low energy advertisements, , (USPatent No. US9408060B2; Hern, A., Facebook users cannot avoid location-based ads, investigation finds (2018) The Guardian, , https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/dec/19/facebook-users-avoid-location-based-ads-settings-investigation-reveals; Hill, P., Instructure: Plans to expand beyond Canvas LMS into machine learning and AI (2019) eLiterate, , https://eliterate.us/instructure-plans-to-expand-beyond-canvas-lms-into-machine-learning-and-ai/; Horst, H.A., The infrastructures of mobile media: Towards a future research agenda: (2013) Mobile Media & Communication, 1 (1), pp. 147-152; Kaplan, D., Rite Aid preps one of the largest beacon activations across all 4,600 stores (2016) GeoMarketing, , https://geomarketing.com/rite-aid-preps-one-of-the-largest-beacon-activations-across-all-4600-stores; Kaye, K., Programmatic advertisers get even more precise consumer location data with new pact (2017) AdAge, , https://adage.com/article/datadriven-marketing/beacon-data-firm-freckle-iot-partners-dsps/307550; Kharif, O., After retail stumble, beacons shine from banks to sports arenas (2016) Bloomberg, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-12-05/after-retail-stumble-beacons-shine-from-banks-to-sports-arenas; Korber, S., Retail’s “beacon” of hope (2015) CNBC, , https://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/26/retails-newest-brick-and-mortar-bet.html; Kosner, A.W., Why micro-location iBeacons may be Apple’s biggest new feature for iOS 7 (2013) Forbes, , https://www.forbes.com/sites/anthonykosner/2013/08/29/why-micro-location-ibeacons-may-be-apples-biggest-new-feature-for-ios-7/; Kotecka, J., First Bluetooth 5-ready beacon is on the market! (2017) Kontakt.Io, , https://kontakt.io/blog/first-bluetooth-5-ready-beacon-is-on-the-market/; Kroll, S., Attribution fraud in the in-app world (2018) ExchangeWire, , https://www.exchangewire.com/blog/2018/02/12/attribution-fraud-in-the-in-app-world/; Kwet, M., In stores, secret Bluetooth surveillance tracks your every move (2019) The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/14/opinion/bluetooth-wireless-tracking-privacy.html; Lalla, V.G., Kumar, P.L., The blessing and curse of proximity marketing (2017) Marketing Dive, , https://www.marketingdive.com/news/the-blessing-and-curse-of-proximity-marketing/449470/; Landau, S., Location surveillance to counter COVID-19: Efficacy is what matters (2020) Lawfare, , https://www.lawfareblog.com/location-surveillance-counter-covid-19-efficacy-what-matters; Langley, P., Leyshon, A., Platform capitalism: The intermediation and capitalisation of digital economic circulation (2017) Finance & Society, 3, pp. 11-31; Langlois, G., Elmer, G., Impersonal subjectivation from platforms to infrastructures (2019) Media, Culture & Society, 41 (2), pp. 236-251; Larkin, B., The politics and poetics of infrastructure (2013) Annual Review of Anthropology, 42 (1), pp. 327-343; Law, R., Losari, C., (2008) Method and system for out-of-home proximity marketing and for delivering awareness information of general interest, , (United States Patent No. US20080091541A1; Lev-Aretz, Y., Strandburg, K.J., Privacy regulation and innovation policy (2020) Yale Journal of Law & Technology, 22, p. 256; Lomas, N., Unacast bags US$17.5M to do more with location data (2018) TechCrunch, , https://social.techcrunch.com/2018/02/13/unacast-bags-17-5m-to-do-more-with-location-data/; Mackenzie, A., Untangling the unwired: Wi-Fi and the cultural inversion of infrastructure (2005) Space and Culture, 8 (3), pp. 269-285; (2010) Mobile proximity marketing forecast, , http://www.marketingprofs.com/charts/2010/3967/mobile-proximity-marketing-forecast-6b-by-2015; (2016) Market for proximity marketing—Global forecast to 2022, , https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/proximity-marketing-market-110584904.html; Matthias, C.J., Bluetooth is dead (2003) EETimes, , https://www.eetimes.com/bluetooth-is-dead/; Mau, D., Fabergé’s NYC Easter egg hunt marks the largest beacon deployment ever in the U.S (2014) Fashionista, , https://fashionista.com/2014/03/faberge-egg-hunt-beacon-nomi; (2017) Creepy vs. cool: The return of beacon marketing, , https://onlinemba.unc.edu/news/the-return-of-beacon-marketing/; McGuigan, L., Automating the audience commodity: The unacknowledged ancestry of programmatic advertising (2019) New Media & Society, 21 (11-12), pp. 2366-2385; McGuigan, L., Manzerolle, V., All the world’s a shopping cart”: Theorizing the political economy of ubiquitous media and markets (2015) New Media & Society, 17 (11), pp. 1830-1848; Miller, J., The fourth screen: Mediatization and the smartphone (2014) Mobile Media & Communication, 2 (2), pp. 209-226; Nadler, A., McGuigan, L., An impulse to exploit: The behavioral turn in data-driven marketing (2018) Critical Studies in Media Communication, 35 (2), pp. 151-165; Newman, J., iOS 13’s new Bluetooth privacy feature is important—but confusing (2019) Fast Company, , https://www.fastcompany.com/90386781/ios-13s-new-bluetooth-privacy-feature-is-important-but-confusing; O’Neill, P.H., (2020) Bluetooth contact tracing needs bigger, better data, , https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/04/22/1000353/bluetooth-contact-tracing-needs-bigger-better-data/, MIT Technology Review; Parks, L., Stuff you can kick”: Toward a theory of media infrastructures (2015) Between humanities and the digital, pp. 355-374. , Svensson P., Goldberg D.T., (eds), MIT Press, (Eds.), (., –; Perez, S., Yelp acquires Wi-Fi marketing company Turnstyle Analytics for US$20 million (2017) TechCrunch, , https://social.techcrunch.com/2017/04/04/yelp-acquires-wi-fi-marketing-company-turnstyle-analytics-for-20-million/; Peterson, T., Facebook tests targeting ads to people who visited brands’ brick-and-mortar stores (2017) Marketing Land, , https://marketingland.com/facebook-tests-targeting-ads-people-visited-brands-brick-mortar-stores-221585; Plantin, J.-C., Google Maps as cartographic infrastructure: From participatory mapmaking to database maintenance (2018) International Journal of Communication, 12, p. 18; Plantin, J.-C., Lagoze, C., Edwards, P.N., Sandvig, C., Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of Google and Facebook (2018) New Media & Society, 20 (1), pp. 293-310; Plantin, J.-C., Punathambekar, A., Digital media infrastructures: Pipes, platforms, and politics: (2018) Media, Culture & Society, 41 (2), pp. 163-174; Point Inside announces acquisition of AreaMetrics (2020) Point Inside, , https://www.pointinside.com/; Rahman, K.S., The new utilities (2018) Cardozo Law Review, , http://cardozolawreview.com/the-new-utilities-private-power-social-infrastructure-and-the-revival-of-the-public-utility-concept/; Reveal Mobile & Unacast partner to solve Bluetooth beacons’ most pressing challenges (2016) BusinessWire, , https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160324005723/en/Reveal-Mobile-Unacast-Partner-Solve-Bluetooth-Beacons%E2%80%99; Sadowski, J., When data is capital: Datafication, accumulation, and extraction (2019) Big Data & Society, 6 (1). , 2053951718820549; Sadowski, J., The authoritarian trade-off (2020) Real Life, , https://reallifemag.com/the-authoritarian-trade-off/, (, a; Sadowski, J., The internet of landlords: Digital platforms and new mechanisms of rentier capitalism (2020) Antipode, 52 (2), pp. 562-580. , (, b; Schiff, A., Beacon companies pivot toward attribution as acquirers come a-knocking (2016) AdExchanger, , https://www.adexchanger.com/mobile/beacon-companies-pivot-toward-attribution-acquirers-come-knocking/; Schwartz, B., The Google Project Beacon—did you get your beacon? (2018) SEO Round Table, , https://www.seroundtable.com/google-project-beacon-25950.html; Slette, K., Unacast PROX Network launches as the world’s largest proximity network (2015) LinkedIn, , https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/unacast-prox-network-launches-worlds-largest-proximity-kjartan-slette; Smith, H., People-based marketing and the cultural economies of attribution metrics (2019) Journal of Cultural Economy, 12 (3), pp. 201-214. , (, a; Smith, H., Metrics, locations, and lift: Mobile location analytics and the production of second-order geodemographics (2019) Information, Communication & Society, 22 (8), pp. 1044-1061. , (, b; Smith, H., The locative imaginary: Classification, context and relevance in location analytics (2020) The Sociological Review, 68 (3), pp. 641-658; Solano, J., How retail apps can improve user engagement and retention RetailDive, , https://www.retaildive.com/ex/mobilecommercedaily/how-retail-apps-can-improve-user-engagement-and-retention; Sousa, E., Lins, F., Tavares, E., Maciel, P., Cloud infrastructure planning considering different redundancy mechanisms (2017) Computing, 99 (9), pp. 841-864. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-016-0533-6; Srnicek, N., (2016) Platform capitalism, , Polity; Statler, S., (2016) Beacon technologies, , Apress; Sterling, G., Proximity and beacon data now making its way into DSPs for retargeting (2016) Marketing Land, , https://marketingland.com/proximity-beacon-data-now-making-way-dsps-retargeting-198351; Swedberg, C., Cleveland Cavaliers use beacons to provide interactive team experience (2015) RFID Journal, , https://www.rfidjournal.com/cleveland-cavaliers-use-beacons-to-provide-interactive-team-experience; Troncoso, C., Payer, M., Hubaux, J.-P., Salathé, M., Larus, DP-3T/documents (2020) Github, , https://github.com/DP-3T/documents; Turow, J., (2017) The aisles have eyes, , Yale University Press; Turow, J., McGuigan, L., Maris, E.R., Making data mining a natural part of life: Physical retailing, customer surveillance and the 21st century social imaginary: (2015) European Journal of Cultural Studies, 18 (4-5), pp. 464-478; The Proxbook state of the proximity industry report, Q3 2016 (2016) Unacast, , https://unacast.s3.amazonaws.com/Proxbook_Report_Q3_2016.pdf; Van Couvering, E., The history of the internet search engine: Navigational media and the traffic commodity (2008) Web Search, pp. 177-206. , Spink A., Zimmer M., (eds), Springer, (Eds.), (., –; VanHemert, K., 4 reasons why Apple’s iBeacon is about to disrupt interaction design (2013) Wired, , https://www.wired.com/2013/12/4-use-cases-for-ibeacon-the-most-exciting-tech-you-havent-heard-of/; Vincent, J., Apple’s survey app helps venues easily create indoor maps (2015) The Verge, , https://www.theverge.com/2015/11/2/9657304/apple-indoor-mapping-survey-app; Welch, C., Here’s why so many apps are asking to use Bluetooth on iOS 13 (2019) The Verge, , https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/19/20867286/ios-13-bluetooth-permission-privacy-feature-apps; West, S.M., Data capitalism: Redefining the logics of surveillance and privacy (2019) Business & Society, 58 (1), pp. 20-41; Wiggers, K., Why Android Nearby, iBeacons, and Eddystone failed to gain traction (2018) VentureBeat, , https://venturebeat.com/2018/10/27/why-android-nearby-ibeacons-and-eddystone-failed-to-gain-traction/; Wilken, R., Mobile media and ecologies of location (2015) Communication Research and Practice, 1 (1), pp. 42-57; Wilken, R., Communication infrastructures and the contest over location positioning (2019) Mobile Media & Communication, 7 (3), pp. 341-361; Williamson, B., Datafication and automation in higher education during and after the Covid-19 crisis (2020) Code Acts in Education, , https://codeactsineducation.wordpress.com/2020/05/06/datafication-automation-he-covid19-crisis/; Woolley, M., Schmidt, S., Bluetooth 5 (2019) Bluetooth SIG, , https://www.bluetooth.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Bluetooth_5-FINAL.pdf; BeaconMania 2015 NYC Recap (2015) Yext Blog, , https://www.yext.com/blog/2015/10/beaconmania-2015-nyc-recap/; Zuboff, S., (2019) The age of surveillance capitalism, , Public Affairs PY - 2020 SN - 20501579 (ISSN) ST - Failed hybrids: The death and life of Bluetooth proximity marketing T2 - Mobile Media and Communication TI - Failed hybrids: The death and life of Bluetooth proximity marketing UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097156174&doi=10.1177%2f2050157920975836&partnerID=40&md5=4c21e0fdfb76dae7ca90db0032273ef4 ID - 538 ER - TY - SER AB - Mass spectrometry (MS)-based, integrated proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics (collectively, multi-omics) studies provide a very detailed snapshot of virus-induced changes to the host following infection and can lead to the identification of novel prophylactic and therapeutic targets for preventing or lessening disease severity. Multi-omics studies with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are challenging as the requirements of biosafety level 3 containment limit the numbers of samples that can be safely managed. To address these issues, the multi-omics sample preparation technique MPLEx (metabolite, protein, and lipid extraction) was developed to partition a single sample into three distinct parts (metabolites, proteins, and lipids) for multi-omics analysis, while simultaneously inactivating MERS-CoV by solubilizing and disrupting the viral envelope and denaturing viral proteins. Here we describe the MPLEx protocol, highlight the step of inactivation, and describe the details of downstream processing, instrumental analysis of the three separate analytes, and their subsequent informatics pipelines. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020. AD - Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Nicora, C. D. AU - Sims, A. C. AU - Bloodsworth, K. J. AU - Kim, Y. M. AU - Moore, R. J. AU - Kyle, J. E. AU - Nakayasu, E. S. AU - Metz, T. O. C2 - 31883096 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_14 J2 - Methods Mol. Biol. KW - Lipidomics Mass spectrometry (MS) MERS-CoV Metabolomics MPLEx Proteomics Virus inactivation Virus-host interactions lipid Coronavirus infection host pathogen interaction human isolation and purification mass spectrometry metabolism Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus virology Coronavirus Infections Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Lipids LA - English M3 - Book Chapter N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Metz, T.O.; Biological Sciences Division, United States; email: Thomas.metz@pnnl.gov Chemicals/CAS: lipid, 66455-18-3; Lipids Funding details: U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE Funding details: National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, P41 GM103493 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, U19AI106772 Funding details: Biological and Environmental Research, BER Funding details: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL, DE-AC05-76RLO 1830 Funding text 1: The methods described in this chapter were supported in part by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant U19AI106772. Additional support was provided by National Institute of General Medical Sciences Grant P41 GM103493. Lipidomics, proteomics, and metabolomics analyses were performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is a multiprogram national laboratory operated by Battelle for the DOE under Contract DE-AC05-76RLO 1830. References: Modjarrad, K., A roadmap for MERS-CoV research and product development: Report from a World Health Organization consultation (2016) Nat Med, 22 (7), pp. 701-705; Aderem, A., A systems biology approach to infectious disease research: Innovating the pathogen-host research paradigm (2011) Mbio, 2 (1), p. e00325; Cockrell, A.S., A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (2016) Nat Microbiol, 2, p. 16226; Menachery, V.D., MERS-CoV and H5N1 influenza virus antagonize antigen presentation by altering the epigenetic landscape (2018) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 115 (5), pp. E1012-E1021; Nakayasu, E.S., MPLEx: A Robust and universal protocol for single-sample integrative proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic analyses (2016) Msystems, 1 (3); Burnum-Johnson, K.E., MPLEx: A method for simultaneous pathogen inactiva-tion and extraction of samples for multi-omics profiling (2017) Analyst, 142 (3), pp. 442-448; Menachery, V.D., Pathogenic influenza viruses and coronaviruses utilize similar and contrasting approaches to control interferon-stimulated gene responses (2014) Mbio, 5 (3), p. e01174; Mitchell, H.D., A network integration approach to predict conserved regulators related to pathogenicity of influenza and SARS-CoV respiratory viruses (2013) Plos One, 8 (7); Gralinski, L.E., Mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-induced acute lung injury (2013) Mbio, 4 (4); Sims, A.C., Release of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nuclear import block enhances host transcription in human lung cells (2013) J Virol, 87 (7), pp. 3885-3902; Kyle, J.E., Plasma lipidome reveals critical illness and recovery from human Ebola virus disease (2019) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 116 (9), pp. 3919-3928; Eisfeld, A.J., Multi-platform omics analysis of human ebola virus disease pathogenesis (2017) Cell Host Microbe, 22 (6), pp. 817-829; Tisoncik-Go, J., Integrated omics analysis of pathogenic host responses during pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection: The crucial role of lipid metabolism (2016) Cell Host Microbe, 19 (2), pp. 254-266; Nicod, C., Banaei-Esfahani, A., Collins, B.C., Elucidation of host-pathogen protein-protein interactions to uncover mechanisms of host cell rewiring (2017) Curr Opin Microbiol, 39, pp. 7-15; Wang, Y.P., Lei, Q.Y., Metabolite sensing and signaling in cell metabolism (2018) Signal Trans-Duct Target Ther, 3, p. 30; Deberardinis, R.J., Thompson, C.B., Cellular metabolism and disease: What do metabolic outliers teach us? (2012) Cell, 148 (6), pp. 1132-1144; Sanchez, E.L., Lagunoff, M., Viral activation of cellular metabolism (2015) Virology, 479, pp. 609-618; Wenk, M.R., Lipidomics of host-pathogen interactions (2006) Chem Phys Lipids, 143 (1-2), pp. 42-42; Knoops, K., SARS-coronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modified endoplasmic reticulum (2008) Plos Biol, 6 (9), pp. 1957-1974; Knoops, K., Integrity of the early secretory pathway promotes, but is not required for, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus RNA synthesis and virus-induced remodeling of endoplasmic reticulum membranes (2010) J Virol, 84 (2), pp. 833-846; Ulasli, M., Qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural analysis of the membrane rearrangements induced by coronavirus (2010) Cell Microbiol, 12 (6), pp. 844-861; de Wilde, A.H., MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathol-ogy and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-alpha treatment (2013) J Gen Virol, 94, pp. 1749-1760; Miller, S., Krijnse-Locker, J., Modification of intracellular membrane structures for virus replication (2008) Nat Rev Microbiol, 6 (5), pp. 363-374; Stapleford, K.A., Miller, D.J., Role of cellular lipids in positive-sense RNA virus replication complex assembly and function (2010) Viruses, 2 (5), pp. 1055-1068; Blanchard, E., Roingeard, P., Virus-induced double-membrane vesicles (2015) Cell Microbiol, 17 (1), pp. 45-50; Folch, J., Lees, M., Stanley, G.H.S., A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues (1957) J Biol Chem, 226 (1), pp. 497-509; Kind, T., FiehnLib: Mass spectral and retention index libraries for metabolomics based on quadrupole and time-of-flight gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (2009) Anal Chem, 81 (24), pp. 10038-10048; Adusumilli, R., Mallick, P., Data conversion with ProteoWizard msConvert (2017) Methods Mol Biol, 1550, pp. 339-368; Gibbons, B.C., Correcting systematic bias and instrument measurement drift with mzRefinery (2015) Bioinformatics, 31 (23), pp. 3838-3840; Kim, S., Pevzner, P.A., MS-GF+ makes progress towards a universal database search tool for proteomics (2014) Nat Commun, 5; Monroe, M.E., MASIC: A software program for fast quantitation and flexible visualization of chromatographic profiles from detected LC-MS(/MS) features (2008) Comput Biol Chem, 32 (3), pp. 215-217; Hiller, K., MetaboliteDetector: Comprehensive analysis tool for targeted and non-targeted GC/MS based metabolome analysis (2009) Anal Chem, 81 (9), pp. 3429-3439; Kyle, J.E., LIQUID: An-open source software for identifying lipids in LC-MS/MS-based lipidomics data (2017) Bioinformatics, 33 (11), pp. 1744-1746; Pluskal, T., MZmine 2: Modular framework for processing, visualizing, and analyzing mass spectrometry-based molecular profile data (2010) BMC Bioinformatics, 11; Wang, Y., Reversed-phase chromatography with multiple fraction concatenation strategy for proteome profiling of human MCF10A cells (2011) Proteomics, 11 (10), pp. 2019-2026 PB - Humana Press Inc. PY - 2020 SN - 10643745 (ISSN) SP - 173-194 ST - Metabolite, protein, and lipid extraction (MPLEx): A method that simultaneously inactivates middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and allows analysis of multiple host cell components following infection T2 - Methods in Molecular Biology TI - Metabolite, protein, and lipid extraction (MPLEx): A method that simultaneously inactivates middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and allows analysis of multiple host cell components following infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077313133&doi=10.1007%2f978-1-0716-0211-9_14&partnerID=40&md5=d285372af5863fcd5a77c21fbfd1c72b VL - 2099 ID - 579 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges for the United States and the world. In this article, we discuss several communication challenges that have arisen during the pandemic, with insights from the fields of health and crisis communication. We focus in particular on the lack of clarity in the US response in terms of both what behaviors we are trying to change and how we are communicating about behavior change. While the mixed messages and contradictions have hampered the US response thus far, it is our hope that we will do better going forward. This will require state and local health departments, public health organizations, and all of us to increasingly apply our field’s best practices to help calm fears, change behavior, and ultimately reduce suffering and save lives. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. AD - Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Noar, S. M. AU - Austin, L. C2 - 33112180 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/10410236.2020.1838093 IS - 14 J2 - Health Commun. KW - epidemiology human mask medical information pandemic procedures social media United States COVID-19 Health Communication Humans Masks Pandemics Psychological Distance SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Noar, S.M.; Hussman School of Journalism and Media, United States; email: noar@unc.edu References: Avery, E., Park, S., Effects of crisis efficacy on intentions to follow directives during crisis (2016) Journal of Public Relations Research, 28 (2), pp. 72-86. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2016.1165681; Block, P., Hoffman, M., Raabe, I.J., Dowd, J.B., Rahal, C., Kashyap, R., Mills, M.C., Social network-based distancing strategies to flatten the COVID-19 curve in a post-lockdown world (2020) Nature Human Behaviour, 4 (6), pp. 588-596. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0898-6; Boynton, M.H., O’Hara, R.E., Tennen, H., Lee, J.G.L., The impact of public health organization and political figure message sources on reactions to coronavirus prevention messages (2020) American Journal of Preventive Medicine, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.08.001; Castillo, R.C., Staguhn, E.D., Weston-Farber, E., The effect of state-level stay-at-home orders on COVID-19 infection rates (2020) American Journal of Infection Control, 48 (8), pp. 958-960. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.05.017; Chu, D.K., Akl, E.A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H.J., Schünemann, H.J., Schünemann, H.J., Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10242), pp. 1973-1987. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9, …; Cialdini, R.B., Reno, R.R., Kallgren, C.A., A focus theory of normative conduct: Recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places (1990) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58 (6), pp. 1015-1026. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015; Covello, V.T., Best practices in public health risk and crisis communication (2003) Journal of Health Communication, 8 (sup1), pp. 5-8. , https://doi.org/10.1080/713851971; Fishbein, M., Ajzen, I., (2010) Predicting and changing behavior:, , The reasoned action approach: Taylor & Francis; Hendrix, M.J., Walde, C., Findley, K., Trotman, R., Absence of apparent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from two stylists after exposure at a hair salon with a universal face covering policy — Springfield, Missouri, May 2020 (2020) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69 (28), pp. 930-932. , https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6928e2; Jin, Y., Austin, L., Vijaykumar, S., Jun, H., Nowak, G., Communicating about infectious disease threats: Insights from public health information officers (2019) Public Relations Review, 45 (1), pp. 167-177. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.12.003; Jin, Y., Iles, I., Austin, L., Liu, B., Hancock, G., The Infectious Disease Threat (IDT) Appraisal Model: How perceptions of IDT 310 predictability and controllability predict individuals’ responses to risks (2020) International Journal of Strategic Communication, pp. 1-26. , https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2020.1801691; Noar, S.M., A 10-year retrospective of research in health mass media campaigns: Where do we go from here? (2006) Journal of Health Communication, 11 (1), pp. 21-42. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730500461059; Noar, S.M., Zimmerman, R.S., Health behavior theory and cumulative knowledge regarding health behaviors: Are we moving in the right direction? (2005) Health Education Research, 20 (3), pp. 275-290. , https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyg113; Ratzan, S.C., Payne, J.G., Massett, H.A., Effective health message design: The America responds to AIDS campaign (1994) American Behavioral Scientist, 38 (2), pp. 294-309. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764294038002010; Snyder, L.B., Hamilton, M.A., Mitchell, E.W., Kiwanuka-Tondo, J., Fleming-Milici, F., Proctor, D., A meta-analysis of the effect of mediated health communication campaigns on behavior change in the United States (2004) Journal of Health Communication, 9, pp. 71-96. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730490271548; Walke, H.T., Honein, M.A., Redfield, R.R., Preventing and responding to COVID-19 on college campuses (2020) JAMA, , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.20027; Witte, K., Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model (1992) Communication Monographs, 59 (4), p. 329. , https://doi.org/10.1080/03637759209376276 PY - 2020 SN - 10410236 (ISSN) SP - 1735-1739 ST - (Mis)communicating about COVID-19: Insights from Health and Crisis Communication T2 - Health Communication TI - (Mis)communicating about COVID-19: Insights from Health and Crisis Communication UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094653993&doi=10.1080%2f10410236.2020.1838093&partnerID=40&md5=3185e4b8a355e286e85729aaed98377f VL - 35 ID - 244 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri, Saint Louis, United States Department of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Nowotny, K. AU - Bailey, Z. AU - Omori, M. AU - Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. C2 - 32352850 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305742 IS - 7 J2 - Am. J. Public Health KW - Betacoronavirus coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus infection criminal law human legislation and jurisprudence pandemic prison prisoner United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Prisoners Prisons LA - English M3 - Short Survey N1 - Cited By :19 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJPEA Correspondence Address: Brinkley-Rubinstein, L.333 S. Columbia St, Macnider #341, United States; email: Lauren_Brinkley@med.unc.edu References: Fink, S., Worst-case estimates for US coronavirus deaths (2020) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/13/us/coronavirus-deathsestimate.html, Accessed March 29, 2020; McKillop, M, Boucher, A., (2018) Aging prison populations drive up costs, , https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2018/02/20/aging-prison-populations-drive-up-costs, Accessed March 12, 2020; McCarthy, N., (2018) The world's most overcrowded prison systems, , https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2018/01/26/the-worldsmost-overcrowded-prison-systems-infographic/#7508dbb91372, Accessed March 14, 2020; Highest to lowest occupancy level (based on official capacity), , https://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/occupancy-level?field_region_taxonomy_tid=All, World Prison Brief; Institute for Crime & Justice Policy Research. Accessed March 14, 2020; Zeng, Z., (2018) Jail Inmates in 2016, , Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics; Brinkley-Rubinstein, L, Cloud, DH., Mass incarceration as a social-structural driver of health inequalities: a supplement to AJPH (2020) Am J Public Health, 110, pp. S14-S15. , (suppl 1); (2020) Freedom from cages is a public health issue, , https://medium.com/@dreamdefenders/legal-experts-healthcare-professionals-and-local-activists-urge-action-to-immediately-decrease-44e500043ef7, Dream Defenders. Accessed March 16, 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) SP - 967-968 ST - COVID-19 Exposes Need for Progressive Criminal Justice Reform T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - COVID-19 Exposes Need for Progressive Criminal Justice Reform UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086346193&doi=10.2105%2fAJPH.2020.305742&partnerID=40&md5=2bac872b46b02023e637893d9c96a482 ID - 569 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in Saint Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, Saint-Louis, MO 63130, United States School of Social Work, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro St., CB#3550, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Nyoni, T. AU - Okumu, M. C2 - 32333204 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s10461-020-02888-0 IS - 9 J2 - AIDS Behav. LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AIBEF Correspondence Address: Okumu, M.; School of Social Work, 325 Pittsboro St., CB#3550, United States; email: mokumu@email.unc.edu References: Lancet, T., COVID-19: learning from experience (2020) Lancet, 395 (10229), p. 1011; Druss, B.G., Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in populations with serious mental illness (2020) JAMA Psychiatry; Logie, C.H., Turan, J.M., How do we balance tensions between COVID-19 public health responses and stigma mitigation? Learning from HIV research (2020) AIDS Behav; Jiang, H., Zhou, Y., Tang, W., Maintaining HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Lancet HIV; (2019) Fact Sheet: World AIDS Day 2019—Global HIV Statistics, , https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_FactSheet_en.pdf, UNAIDS, Accessed 13 Apr 2020; (2020) Mental Health and Psychosocial Considerations during COVID-19 Outbreak: Tips from World Health Organization, , https://www.unicef.org/bulgaria/en/stories/mental-health-and-psychosocial-considerations-during-covid-19-outbreak, UNICEF, Accessed 14 Apr 2020; Hargreaves, J., Davey, C., Three lessons for the COVID-19 response from pandemic HIV (2020) Lancet HIV; Witt, A., (2020) PRIF Blog. an Island of Internationalism: The African Union’s Fight against Corona, , https://blog.prif.org/2020/04/07/an-island-of-internationalism-the-african-unions-fight-against-corona/, Accessed 14 Apr 2020; Kaplan, J., Frias, L., McFall-Johnsen, M., A Third of the Global Population is on Coronavirus lockdown—here's Our Constantly Updated List of Countries and Restrictions, , https://www.businessinsider.com/countries-on-lockdown-coronavirus-italy-2020-3, Business Insider. 2020, Accessed 14 Apr 2020; Akullian, A.N., Mukose, A., Levine, G.A., Babigumira, J.B., People living with HIV travel farther to access healthcare: a population-based geographic analysis from rural Uganda (2016) J Int AIDS Soc, 19 (1), p. 20171; Posse, M., Meheus, F., Asten, H.V., Ven, A.V.D., Baltussen, R., Barriers to access to antiretroviral treatment in developing countries: a review (2008) Trop Med Int Health, 13 (7), pp. 904-913; Nachega, J.B., Adetokunboh, O., Uthman, O.A., Community-based interventions to improve and sustain antiretroviral therapy adherence, retention in HIV care and clinical outcomes in low- and middle-income countries for achieving the UNAIDS 90–90-90 targets (2016) Curr HIV/AIDS Rep, 13 (5), pp. 241-255; Kunutsor, S., Walley, J., Katabira, E., Improving clinic attendance and adherence to antiretroviral therapy through a treatment supporter intervention in Uganda: a randomized controlled trial (2011) AIDS Behav, 15 (8), pp. 1795-1802; Nachega, J.B., Knowlton, A.R., Deluca, A., Treatment supporter to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected South African adults (2006) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 43 (Supp1), pp. S127-S133; Nakamanya, S., Muyanga, B.N., Muhumuza, R., Bukenya, D., Seeley, J., Are treatment supporters relevant in antiretroviral long-term therapy (ART) adherence? Experiences from a long-term ART cohort in Uganda (2019) Glob Public Health, 14 (3), pp. 469-480; Nyoni, T., Sallah, Y.H., Okumu, M., Byansi, W., Lipsey, K., Small, E., The effectiveness of treatment supporter interventions in antiretroviral treatment adherence in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) AIDS Care; Dahab, M., Charalambous, S., Karstaedt, A.S., Contrasting predictors of poor antiretroviral therapy outcomes in two South African HIV programmes: a cohort study (2010) BMC Public Health, 10 (1), p. 430; Vyankandondera, J., Mitchell, K., Asiimwe-Kateera, B., Antiretroviral therapy drug adherence in Rwanda: perspectives from patients and healthcare workers using a mixed-methods approach (2013) AIDS Care, 25 (12), pp. 1504-1512; Ashly, J., (2020) 'We Feel Abandoned': HIV Positive Tanzanians Brace for COVID-19. ALJAZEERA., , https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/feel-abandoned-hiv-positive-tanzanians-brace-covid-19-200413132301763.html, Accessed 14 Apr 2020; Singer, A.W., Weiser, S.D., Mccoy, S.I., Does food insecurity undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy? A systematic review (2014) AIDS Behav, 19 (8), pp. 1510-1526; Choularton, R., Mallory, M., (2020) How to Address the Impact of COVID-19 on Global Food Systems., , https://www.devex.com/news/sponsored/opinion-how-to-address-the-impact-of-covid-19-on-global-food-systems-96892, Devex.,. Accessed 14 Apr 2020; (2020) Rights in the Time of COVID-19—Lessons from HIV for an Effective, Community-Led Response, , https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/human-rights-and-covid-19_en.pdf, UNAIDS, Accessed 13 Apr 2020; Logan, S., (2017) Study Provides Fresh Insights into the Benefits of Mobile Money in Kenya, , https://theconversation.com/study-provides-fresh-insights-into-the-benefits-of-mobile-money-in-kenya-70432, The Conversation., Accessed 14 Apr 2020; Bigna, J.J.R., Noubiap, J.J.N., Kouanfack, C., Plottel, C.S., Koulla-Shiro, S., Effect of mobile phone reminders on follow-up medical care of children exposed to or infected with HIV in Cameroon (MORE CARE): a multicenter, single-blind, factorial, randomized controlled trial (2014) Lancet Infect Dis, 14 (7), pp. 600-608; Lester, R.T., Ritvo, P., Mills, E.J., Effects of a mobile phone short message service on antiretroviral treatment adherence in Kenya (WelTel Kenya1): a randomized trial (2010) Lancet, 376 (9755), pp. 1838-1845; Cluver, L.D., Toska, E., Orkin, F.M., Achieving equity in HIV-treatment outcomes: can social protection improve adolescent ART-adherence in South Africa? (2016) AIDS Care, 28 (sup2), pp. 73-82; Czaicki, N.L., Mnyippembe, A., Blodgett, M., Njau, P., Mccoy, S.I., It helps me live, sends my children to school, and feeds me: a qualitative study of how food and cash incentives may improve adherence to treatment and care among adults living with HIV in Tanzania (2017) AIDS Care, 29 (7), pp. 876-884 PY - 2020 SN - 10907165 (ISSN) SP - 2473-2476 ST - COVID-19-Compliant Strategies for Supporting Treatment Adherence Among People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa T2 - AIDS and Behavior TI - COVID-19-Compliant Strategies for Supporting Treatment Adherence Among People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083985899&doi=10.1007%2fs10461-020-02888-0&partnerID=40&md5=eacbb0c8114cdf789244766a698602ea VL - 24 ID - 406 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As COVID-19 spreads rapidly across Africa, causing havoc to economies and disruption to already fragile healthcare systems, it is becoming clear that despite standardised global health strategies, national and local government responses must be tailored to their individual settings. Some African countries have adopted stringent measures such as national lockdown, quarantine or isolation, in combination with good hand hygiene, mandatory wearing of masks and physical distancing, to prevent an impending healthcare crisis. The impact of stringent measures in low- to middle-income African countries has bought time for healthcare facilities to prepare for the onslaught of COVID-19 cases, but some measures have been challenging to implement. In some settings, public health measures have been associated with serious violations of individual rights owing to abuse of power and gaps in implementation of well-intentioned policy. Collateral damage with regard to non-COVID-19 diseases that were suboptimally managed in pre-pandemic times may mean that lives lost from other diseases could exceed those saved from COVID-19. While individuals complying with lockdown regulations have embraced an acceptance of the concept of the common good, at a broad community level many are finding the transition from individualism to collective thinking required during a pandemic difficult to navigate. In this article, we look at government responses to the pandemic in six African countries (Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana), and highlight ethical concerns arising in these contexts. © 2020 South African Medical Association. All rights reserved. AD - Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Discipline of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa Directorate of Research, Postgraduate Studies and Outreach, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Ndata Farm, Thyolo, Malawi University of North Carolina Project, Tidziwe Centre, Lilongwe, Malawi School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda National Health Research Authority, Ministry of Health, Zambia International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Botswana Department of Social Medicine, UNC Bioethics Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Obasa, A. E. AU - Singh, S. AU - Chivunze, E. AU - Burgess, T. AU - Masiye, F. AU - Mtande, T. AU - Ochieng, J. AU - Chalwe, V. AU - Mokgatla, B. AU - Rennie, S. AU - Moodley, K. C2 - 32880268 DB - Scopus DO - 10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i9.14934 IS - 9 J2 - S. Afr. Med. J. KW - Article Botswana confidentiality contact examination coronavirus disease 2019 death freedom government hand washing health care facility home quarantine human intensive care unit Malawi practice guideline public health public health service social distance South Africa traffic and transport Uganda virus transmission Zambia Zimbabwe Africa Betacoronavirus civil rights comparative study Coronavirus infection ethics legislation and jurisprudence pandemic personal autonomy virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SAMJA Correspondence Address: Obasa, A.E.; Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, South Africa; email: obasa@sun.ac.za Funding details: D43 TW01511-01 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: National Human Genome Research Institute, NHGRI, UO1HG008222 Funding text 1: Declaration. None. Acknowledgements. None. Author contributions. KM and SR conceptualised the study. AEO assembled the first draft and subsequently circulated the draft among the other authors. All authors assisted with the literature search, contributed their country’s response, read and approved all versions and checked references. Funding. This study was funded by an NIH Fogarty grant: D43 TW01511-01-Advancing Research Ethics Training in Southern Africa (ARESA): Leadership Program and National Human Genome Research Institute of National Institutes of Health. Award number UO1HG008222. Conflicts of interest. None. Funding text 2: None. This study was funded by an NIH Fogarty grant: D43 TW01511-01- Advancing Research Ethics Training in Southern Africa (ARESA): Leadership Program and National Human Genome Research Institute of National Institutes of Health. Award number UO1HG008222. References: Operational considerations for case management of COVID-19 in health facility and community: Interim guidance, , https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/331492/WHO-2019-nCoV-HCF_operations-2020.1-eng.pdf, World Health Organization. 19 March 2020. (accessed 10 May 2020); (2020) Country & Technical Guidance – Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance, World Health Organization. (accessed 10 May 2020); Parmet, WE., Legal power and legal rights – isolation and quarantine in the case of drug-resistant tuberculosis (2007) N Engl J Med, 357, pp. 433-435. , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp078133; Mehtar, S, Blumberg, L, Mendelson, M., African countries are moving to make masks mandatory: Key questions answered The Conversation, , https://theconversation.com/african-countriesare-moving-to-make-masks-mandatory-key-questions-answered-137516, 5 May 2020. (accessed 10 May 2020); Malawi launches cash aid for poor amid COVID-19 pandemic, , https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/malawi-launches-cash-aid-poor-covid-19-pandemic200429053328918.html, ALJAZEERA News. 29 April 2020. (accessed 15 May 2020); Kass, NE., An ethics framework for public health (2001) Am J Public Health, 91 (11), pp. 1776-1782. , https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1776; Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, , https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4672bc122.pdf, United Nations Economic and Social Council. (accessed 21 April 2020); Masina, L., Malawi health workers face stigma, discrimination over COVID-19 VOA News, , https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/malawi-health-workers-face-stigmadiscrimination-over-covid-19, 23 April 2020. (accessed 15 May 2020); Pensulo, C., Coronavirus leaves Malawi’s health workers facing threats and social stigma The Guardian, , https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/13/coronavirus-leaves-malawis-healthworkers-facing-threats-and-social-stigma, 13 May 2020. (accessed 16 May. 2020); Mkhize, Z., Are we ready for COVID-19? Government responds to 22 questions Spotlight, , https://www.spotlightnsp.co.za/2020/03/02/are-we-ready-for-covid-19-government-respondsto-22-questions/, 2 March 2020. (accessed 13 May 2020); Haffajee, F., National Coronavirus Command Council: Who guards the guardians? Daily Maverick, , https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-05-07-national-coronavirus-commandcouncilwho-guards-the-guardians/, 7 May 2020. (accessed 12 May 2020); COVID-19 disease: Infection prevention and control guidelines, , https://www.nicd.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ipc-guidelinescovid-19-version-2-21-may-2020.pdf, National Department of Health, South Africa. Version 1. April 2020. (accessed 19 July 2020); Ministerial advisory committees on COVID-19, , http://www.health.gov.za/index.php/component/phocadownload/category/636, National Department of Health, South Africa. 21 April 2020. (accessed 12 May 2020); Singh, JA., How South Africa’s Ministerial Advisory Committee on COVID-19 can be optimised (2020) S Afr Med J, 110 (6), pp. 439-442. , https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i6.14911; Gostin, LO, Friedman, EA, Wetter, SA., Responding to COVID-19: How to navigate a public health emergency legally and ethically https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hast.1090, Hasting Center Report, March April 2020. (accessed 17 July 2020); Evans, S, Cowan, K, Hunter, Q., Stop mass Covid-19 testing now – irate scientists to Health Minister Zweli Mkhize, , https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/investigations/stop-mass-covid-19-testing-now-irate-scientists-to-health-minister-zweli-mkhize-20200614, News24, 14 June 2020. (accessed 20 June 2020); Abdool Karim, S., Criminalisation of transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A potential challenge to controlling the outbreak in South Africa (2020) S Afr Med J, 110 (6), pp. 458-460. , https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2020v110i6.14753; Stickings, T., Two people face attempted murder charges for defying quarantine in South Africa Mail Online, , https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8155511/Two-people-faceattempted-murder-chargesdefying-quarantine-South-Africa.html, 26 March 2020. (accessed 28 March 2020); Two South Africans charged with attempted murder for failing to self-isolate, , https://www.rte.ie/news/coronavirus/2020/0325/1126384-attempted-murder-charges-for-failingtoself-isolate/, RTE. 25 March 2020. (accessed 16 April 2020); Matzopoulos, R, Parry, C., Could the debate over South Africa’s temporary alcohol sales ban have a subtext you’re missing? https://www.samrc.ac.za/news/could-debate-over-south-africa’s-temporary-alcohol-sales-ban-have-subtext-you’remissing, BHEKISISA, Centre for Health Journalism, 11 June 2020. (accessed 16 April 2020); Haffajee, F., Ramaphosa: ‘The surge has arrived. The storm is upon us The Conversation, , https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-07-13-ramaphosa-the-surge-has-arrived-the-stormis-upon-us/#gsc.tab=0, 13 July 2020. (accessed 20 July 2020); (2020) MoH Uganda: COVID-19 Information Portal, , https://covid19.gou.go.ug/?pg=docs&d=states, Uganda Ministry of Health. (accessed 21 April 2020); Kyeyune, H., Uganda strives to protect refugees from COVID-19 World Africa Latest on Coronavirus Outbreak, , https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/uganda-strives-to-protect-refugees-fromcovid-19/1883670, 20 June 2020. (accessed 21 April 2020); Lockdown fears for key populations (2020) Lancet HIV, 7 (6), p. E373. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30143-0, Editorial; Maclean, R, Marks, S., 10 African countries have no ventilators. That’s only part of the problem New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/18/world/africa/africa-coronavirusventilators.html, 17 May 2020. (accessed 21 April 2020); Schuklenk, U., COVID19: Why justice and transparency in hospital triage policies are paramount (2020) Bioethics, 34 (4), pp. 325-327. , https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12744; Mugabe, T., Makamba contact web exceptionally complex The Herald, , https://allafrica.com/stories/202003240333.html, 24 March 2020. (accessed 21 April 2020); Yancy, CW., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) JAMA, 323 (19), pp. 1891-1892. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6548; Makamba family fumes over Zororo’s death, , https://dailynews.co.zw/makamba-family-fumes-over-zororos-death/, Daily News, Zimbabwe. 24 March 2020. (accessed 2 May 2020); Katsidzira, L, Gwaunza, L, Hakim, JG., The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Zimbabwe: Quo vadis? (2020) Clin Infect Dis, p. ciaa552. , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa552; Nachega, JB, Seydi, M, Zumla, A., The late arrival of COVID-19 in Africa – mitigating pan-continental spread (2020) Clin Infect Dis, p. ciaa353. , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa353; Dube, G., Zimbabwe court orders soldiers, police to stop brutalizing locals in coronavirus lockdown enforcements https://www.voazimbabwe.com/a/zimbabwe-police-humanrights-violations/5371648.html, VOA, 14 April 2020. (accessed 21 April 2020); https://news.google.com/covid19/map?hl=en, Google News. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). (accessed 19 May 2020); COVID-19 information, , https://www.gov.bw, Republic of Botswana. (accessed 19 May 2020); Movement Permits: Declaration Form of Exceptional Movement of Persons During State of Public Emergency, , https://covid19.gov.bw, Republic of Botswana. (accessed 19 May 2020); Cousins, S., New Zealand eliminates COVID-19 Lancet World Report, , https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(20)31097-7.pdf, 9 May 2020. (accessed 21 June 2020); Swart, M., South Africa court issues orders to end police abuse during lockdown ALJAZEERA News, , https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/africa-court-issues-orders-police-abuselockdown-200516105512595.html, 17 May 2020. (accessed 21 June 2020); Mutongwiza, L., Zimbabwe: Zimrights raise alarm over police brutality during lockdown allAfrica, , https://allafrica.com/stories/202004090375.html, 8 April 2020. (accessed 21 June 2020); Fisher, JA., Expanding the frame of ‘Voluntariness’ in informed consent: Structural coercion and the power of social and economic context (2013) Kennedy Inst Ethics J, 23 (4), pp. 355-379. , https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2013.0018; Call in the medics: Beds don’t cure people, , https://mg.co.za/coronavirusessentials/2020-06-11-call-in-the-medics-beds-dont-cure-people/, Mail & Guardian. 11 June 2020. (accessed 21 June 2020); Finnan, D., Lack of Covid-19 treatment and critical care could be catastrophic for Africa http://www.rfi.fr/en/africa/20200403-lack-of-covid-19-treatment-and-criticalcare-could-be-catastrophic-for-africa, rfiAfrica, 3 March 2020. (accessed 21 June 2020); Hyman, A., Nasal oxygen treatment instead of ventilators sees Covid-19 recoveries at hospital in Cape Town Times Live, , https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-06-04nasal-oxygen-treatment-instead-of-ventilators-sees-covid-19-recoveries-at-hospital-in-cape-town/, 4 June 2020. (accessed 21 June 2020); Steroid treatment for sickest COVID-19 patients a ‘major breakthrough’, , https://www.medicalbrief.co.za/archives/steroid-treatment-for-sickest-covid-19-patients-a-majorbreakthrough/, Medical Brief. 17 June 2020. (accessed 21 June 2020); Moodley, K, Obasa, AE, London, L., Isolation and quarantine in South Africa during COVID-19: Draconian measures or proportional response? (2020) S Afr Med J, 110 (6), pp. 456-457. , https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2020v110i6.14842 PY - 2020 SN - 02569574 (ISSN) SP - 858-863 ST - Comparative strategic approaches to COVID-19 in Africa: Balancing public interest with civil liberties T2 - South African Medical Journal TI - Comparative strategic approaches to COVID-19 in Africa: Balancing public interest with civil liberties UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090261814&doi=10.7196%2fSAMJ.2020.v110i9.14934&partnerID=40&md5=ee2d4b655914bf7e6a305cef94bbf1b2 VL - 110 ID - 555 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Oberlander, J. C2 - 32464667 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1215/03616878-8641445 IS - 6 J2 - J. Health Polit. Policy Law KW - epidemiology health care policy human pandemic politics socioeconomics COVID-19 Health Policy Humans Pandemics Socioeconomic Factors LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JHPLD Correspondence Address: Oberlander, J.; University of North CarolinaUnited States References: Farmer, Paul, (2001) Inequalities and Infections: The Modern Plagues, , Berkeley: University of California Press PY - 2020 SN - 03616878 (ISSN) SP - 905-906 ST - Introduction to “COVID-19: Politics, inequalities, and pandemic” T2 - Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law TI - Introduction to “COVID-19: Politics, inequalities, and pandemic” UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096509042&doi=10.1215%2f03616878-8641445&partnerID=40&md5=1ae7f4dcba8320a03d93e9afad6b099c VL - 45 ID - 262 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the substantial public health, economic, and societal consequences of virus spillover from a wildlife reservoir. Widespread human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) also presents a new set of challenges when considering viral spillover from people to naïve wildlife and other animal populations. The establishment of new wildlife reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 would further complicate public health control measures and could lead to wildlife health and conservation impacts. Given the likely bat origin of SARS-CoV-2 and related beta-coronaviruses (β-CoVs), free-ranging bats are a key group of concern for spillover from humans back to wildlife. Here, we review the diversity and natural host range of β-CoVs in bats and examine the risk of humans inadvertently infecting free-ranging bats with SARS-CoV-2. Our review of the global distribution and host range of β-CoV evolutionary lineages suggests that 40+ species of temperate-zone North American bats could be immunologically naïve and susceptible to infection by SARS-CoV-2. We highlight an urgent need to proactively connect the wellbeing of human and wildlife health during the current pandemic and to implement new tools to continue wildlife research while avoiding potentially severe health and conservation impacts of SARS-CoV-2 "spilling back" into free-ranging bat populations. © This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. AD - EcoHealth Alliance, New York, NY, United States US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Ft. Collins, CO, United States US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, United States Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States Arthropod-borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, United States Wildlife Veterinary Consulting, Livermore, CO, United States US Fish and Wildlife Service, Hadley, MA, United States School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia Bat Conservation International, Austin, TX, United States Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States US Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Ft. Collins, CO, United States School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, United States Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom AU - Olival, K. J. AU - Cryan, P. M. AU - Amman, B. R. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Blehert, D. S. AU - Brook, C. E. AU - Calisher, C. H. AU - Castle, K. T. AU - Coleman, J. T. H. AU - Daszak, P. AU - Epstein, J. H. AU - Field, H. AU - Frick, W. F. AU - Gilbert, A. T. AU - Hayman, D. T. S. AU - Ip, H. S. AU - Karesh, W. B. AU - Johnson, C. K. AU - Kading, R. C. AU - Kingston, T. AU - Lorch, J. M. AU - Mendenhall, I. H. AU - Peel, A. J. AU - Phelps, K. L. AU - Plowright, R. K. AU - Reeder, D. M. AU - Reichard, J. D. AU - Sleeman, J. M. AU - Streicker, D. G. AU - Towner, J. S. AU - Wang, L. F. C2 - 32881980 C7 - e1008758 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008758 IS - 9 J2 - PLoS Pathog. KW - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 dipeptidyl peptidase IV amino acid sequence bat Betacoronavirus coronavirus disease 2019 disease surveillance disease transmission geographic distribution human nonhuman prevalence public health Review risk assessment SARS coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus detection virus transmission wellbeing wildlife animal Coronavirus infection genetics host range pandemic pathogenicity physiology virology virus genome virus pneumonia wild animal Animals Animals, Wild Chiroptera Coronavirus Infections Genome, Viral Host Specificity Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :29 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Olival, K.J.; EcoHealth AllianceUnited States; email: olival@ecohealthalliance.org Chemicals/CAS: dipeptidyl peptidase IV, 54249-88-6 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01AI110964 Funding details: U.S. Department of Defense, DOD Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: U.S. Geological Survey, USGS Funding details: Defense Threat Reduction Agency, DTRA, HDTRA11710064 Funding details: Wellcome Trust, WT, 217221/Z/19/Z Funding details: Royal Society Te Apārangi, RDF-MAU1701 Funding text 1: This work was supported in part by the USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (Award Number R01AI110964), and the US Department of Defense, Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA11710064). Funding for DTSH was provided by a Royal Society Te Aparangi grant RDF-MAU1701. Funding for DGS was provided by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (217221/Z/19/Z). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. References: Daszak, P, Cunningham, AA, Hyatt, A., Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife (2001) Acta Trop, 78 (2), pp. 103-116. , https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-706x(00)00179-0, PMID: 11230820; Plowright, RK, Parrish, CR, McCallum, H, Hudson, PJ, Ko, AI, Graham, AL, Pathways to zoonotic spillover (2017) Nat Rev Microbiol, 15 (8), pp. 502-510. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.45, PMID: 28555073; Allen, T, Murray, KA, Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Morse, SS, Rondinini, C, Di Marco, M, Global hotspots and correlates of emerging zoonotic diseases (2016) Nature Communications, 8, p. 1124. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00923-8; Jones, KE, Patel, NG, Levy, MA, Storeygard, A, Balk, D, Gittleman, JL, Global trends in emerging infectious diseases (2008) Nature, 451, pp. 990-993. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06536, PMID: 18288193; Han, BA, Kramer, AM, Drake, JM., Global patterns of zoonotic disease in mammals (2016) Trends Parasitol, 32 (7), pp. 565-577. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2016.04.007, PMID: 27316904; Luis, AD, O'Shea, TJ, Hayman, DTS, Wood, JLN, Cunningham, AA, Gilbert, AT, Network analysis of host-virus communities in bats and rodents reveals determinants of cross-species transmission (2015) Ecol Lett, 18, pp. 1153-1162. , https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.12491, PMID: 26299267; Olival, KJ, Hosseini, PR, Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Ross, N, Bogich, TL, Daszak, P., Host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals (2017) Nature, 646-650 (546). , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature22975; Schrenzel, MD, Tucker, TA, Stalis, IH, Kagan, RA, Burns, RP, Denison, AM, Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in 3 wildlife species, San Diego, California, USA (2011) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17 (4), pp. 747-749. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1706.101355, PMID: 21470480; Messenger, A, Barnes, A, Gray, GC., Reverse zoonotic disease transmission (Zooanthroponosis): a systematic review of seldom-documented human and biological threats to animals (2014) PLoS ONE, 9 (2), p. e89055. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089055, PMID: 24586500; Anthony, SJ, Epstein, JH, Murray, KA, Navarrete-Macias, I, Zambrana-Torrelio, CM, Solovyov, A, A strategy to estimate known viral diversity in mammals (2013) mBio, 4 (5), pp. 1-15. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00598-13; Esona, MD, Mijatovic-Rustempasic, S, Conrardy, C, Tong, S, Kuzmin, IV, Agwanda, B, Reassortment group A rotavirus from straw-colored fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) (2010) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 16 (12), pp. 1844-1852. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1612.101089, PMID: 21122212; Wasik, BR, de Wit, E, Munster, V, Lloyd-Smith, JO, Martinez-Sobrido, L, Parrish, CR., Onward transmission of viruses: how do viruses emerge to cause epidemics after spillover? (2019) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374 (20190017). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0017; Huang, C, Wang, Y, Li, X, Zhaou, J, Hu, Y, Zhang, L, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) The Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5; Ge, X, Li, J, Yang, X, Chmura, AA, Zhu, G, Epstein, JH, Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor (2013) Nature, 503, pp. 535-538. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12711, PMID: 24172901; Li, W, Shi, Z, Yu, M, Ren, W, Smith, C, Epstein, JH, Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses (2005) Science, 310, pp. 676-679. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1118391, PMID: 16195424; Guan, Y, Zheng, BJ, He, YQ, Liu, XL, Zhuang, ZX, Cheung, CL, Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in southern China (2003) Science, 302 (5643), pp. 276-278. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1087139, PMID: 12958366; Zhou, P, Yang, X, Wang, X, Hu, B, Zhang, L, Zhang, W, A pnemonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7, PMID: 32015507; Andersen, KG, Rambaut, A, Lipkin, WI, Holmes, EC, Garry, RF., The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat Med, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9; Boni, MF, Lemey, P, Jiang, X, Lam, TT, Perry, B, Castoe, T, Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) bioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.015008; Banyard, AC, Davis, A, Gilbert, AT, Markotter, W., Bat rabies (2020) Rabies: scientific basis of the disease and its management, pp. 231-276. , Fooks AR, Jackson AC, editors. Academic Press; Huang, C, Liu, WJ, Xu, W, Jin, T, Zhao, Y, Song, J, A bat-derived putative cross-family recombinant coronavirus with a reovirus gene (2016) PLoS Pathog, 12 (9), p. e1005883. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005883, PMID: 27676249; Horan, RD, Fenichel, EP, Wolf, CA, Graming, BM., Managing infectious animal disease systems (2010) Annual Review of Resource Economics, 2 (1), pp. 101-124. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.resource.012809.103859; Kunz, TH, Braun de Torrez, E, Bauer, D, Lobova, T, Fleming, TH., Ecosystem services provided by bats (2011) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1223, pp. 1-38. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06004.x, PMID: 21449963; Maine, JJ, Boyles, JG., Bats initiate vital agroecological interactions in corn (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 112 (40), pp. 12438-12443. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505413112, PMID: 26371304; Blehert, DS, Hicks, AC, Behr, M, Meteyer, CU, Berlowski-Zier, BM, Buckles, EL, Bat white-nose syndrome: an emerging fungal pathogen? (2009) Science, 323, p. 227. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1163874, PMID: 18974316; Lorch, JM, Meteyer, CU, Behr, MJ, Boyles, JG, Cryan, PM, Hicks, AC, Experimental infection of bats with Geomyces destructans causes white-nose syndrome (2011) Nature, 480, pp. 376-378. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10590, PMID: 22031324; Warnecke, L, Turner, JM, Bollinger, TK, Lorch, JM, Misra, V, Cryan, PM, Inoculation of bats with European Geomyces destructans supports the novel pathogen hypothesis for the origin of white-nose syndrome (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 109, pp. 6999-7003. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200374109, PMID: 22493237; Frick, WF, Puechmaille, SJ, Hoyt, JR, Nickel, BA, Langwig, KE, Foster, JT, Disease alters macroecological patterns of North American bats (2015) Global Ecol Biogeogr, 24 (7), pp. 741-479. , https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12290; Drees, KP, Lorch, JM, Puechmaille, SJ, Parise, KL, Wibbelt, G, Hoyt, JR, Phylogenetics of a fungal invasion: origins and widespread dispersal of white-nose syndrome (2017) mBio, 8, p. e0194117. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01941-17, PMID: 29233897; O'Shea, TJ, Cryan, PM, Hayman, DTS, Plowright, RK, Streicker, DG., Multiple mortality events in bats: a global review (2016) Mamm Rev, , https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12064; Kemenesi, G, Kurucz, K, Dallos, B, Zana, B, Földes, F, Boldogh, S, Re-emergence of Lloviu virus in Miniopterus schreibersii bats, Hungary, 2016 (2018) Emerging Microbes & Infections, 7 (66), pp. 1-4. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41426-018-0067-4; Langwig, KE, Voyles, J, Wilber, MQ, Frick, WF, Murray, KA, Bolker, BM, Context-dependent conservation responses to emerging wildlife diseases (2015) Front Ecol Environ, 13 (4), pp. 195-202. , https://doi.org/10/f7bcq2; Frick, WF, Cheng, TL, Langwig, KE, Hoyt, JR, Janicki, AF, Parise, KL, Pathogen dynamics during invasion and establishment of white-nose syndrome explain mechanisms of host persistence (2017) Ecology, 98 (3), pp. 624-631. , https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1706, PMID: 27992970; Frick, WF, Puechmaille, SJ, Willis, CKR., White-nose syndrome in bats (2016) Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of bats in a changing world, pp. 245-262. , Voigt CC, Kingston T, editors. Springer; Cryan, PM, Meteyer, CU, Boyles, JG, Blehert, DS., White-nose syndrome in bats: illuminating the darkness (2013) BMC Biology, 11, p. 47. , https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-11-47, PMID: 23587401; Zukal, J, Bandouchova, H, Brichta, J, Cmokova, A, Jaron, KS, Kolarik, M, White-nose syndrome without borders: Pseudogymnoascus destructans infection tolerated in Europe and Palearctic Asia but not in North America (2016) Scientific Reports, 6, p. 19829. , https://doi.org/10.1038/srep19829, PMID: 26821755; Hoyt, JR, Langwig, KE, Sun, K, Parise, KL, Li, A, Wang, Y, Environmental reservoir dynamics predict global infection patterns and population impacts for the fungal disease white-nose syndrome (2020) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117 (13), p. 7255. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914794117; Arita, HT, Vargas-Barón, J, Villalobos, F., Latitudinal gradients of genus richness and endemism and the diversification of New World bats (2014) Ecography, 37, pp. 1024-1033. , https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00720; Peixoto, FF, Braga, PHP, Mendes, P., A synthesis of ecological and evolutionary determinants of bat diversity across spatial scales (2018) BMC Ecol, 18 (18). , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12898-018-0174-z; Van Den Bussche, RA, Hoofer, SR., Phylogenetic releationships among recent Chiropteran families and importance of choosing appropriate out-group taxa (2004) Journal of Mammalogy, 85 (2), pp. 321-330. , https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0321:PRARCF>2.0.CO;2; (2020) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, , IUCN. ;(4 April 2020). Epub 2020-1; Baker, RR., (1978) The evolutionary ecology of animal migration, p. 1012. , New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers; Fleming, TH, Eby, P., Ecology of bat migration (2003) Bat ecology, pp. 156-208. , Kunz TH, Fenton MB, editors. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press; Davy, CM, Donaldson, ME, Subudhi, S, Rapin, N, Warnecke, L, Turner, JM, White-nose syndrome is associated with increased replication of a naturally persisting coronaviruses in bats (2018) Scientific Reports, 8 (15508). , https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3234; Plowright, RK, Field, HE, Smith, C, Divljan, A, Palmer, C, Tabor, G, Reproduction and nutritional stress are risk factors for Hendra virus infection in little red flying foxes (Pteropus scapulatus) (2008) Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 275, pp. 861-869. , https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.1260, PMID: 18198149; Simmons, NB, Cirranello, AL., (2020) Bat Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic database, , https://www.batnames.org/, [17 April 2020]; Anthony, SJ, Johnson, CK, Greig, DJ, Kramer, S, Che, X, Wells, H, Global patterns in coronavirus diversity (2017) Virus Evolution, 3 (1), p. vex012. , https://doi.org/10.1093/ve/vex012, PMID: 28630747; Mollentze, N, Streicker, DG., Viral zoonotic risk is homogenous among taxonomic orders of mammalian and avian reservoir hosts (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, , www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1919176117, Epub 13 April 2020; Hu, D, Zhu, C, Wang, Y, Ai, L, Yang, LQ, Ye, F, Virome analysis for identification of novel mammalian viruses in bats from southeast China (2017) Scientific Reports, 7, p. 10917. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-11384-w, PMID: 28883450; Cheng, VCC, Lau, SKP, Woo, PCY, Yuen, KY., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an agent of emerging and reemerging infection (2007) Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 20 (4), pp. 660-694. , https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00023-07, PMID: 17934078; Cui, J, Li, F, Shi, Z., Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses (2019) Nat Rev Microbiol, 17, pp. 181-192. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9, PMID: 30531947; Fan, Y, Zhao, K, Shi, Z, Zhou, P., Bat coronaviruses in China (2019) Viruses, 11 (210), pp. 1-11. , https://doi.org/10.3390/v11030210; Lu, R, Zhao, X, Li, J, Niu, P, Yang, B, Wu, H, Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding (2020) The Lancet, , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8, Epub January 29, 2020; Zhao, G., SARS molecular epidemiology: a Chinese fairy tale of controlling an emerging zoonotic disease in the genomics era (2007) Royal Society Philosophical Transactions Biological Sciences, 362 (1482), pp. 1063-1081. , https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2034; Dong, BQ, Liu, W, Fan, XH, Vijaykrishna, D, Tang, XC, Gao, F, Detection of a novel and highly divergent coronavirus from Asian leopard cats and Chinese ferret badgers in southern China (2007) Journal of Virology, 81 (13), pp. 6920-6926. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00299-07, PMID: 17459938; Shi, J, Wen, Z, Zhong, G, Yang, H, Wang, C, Liu, R, Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and different domestic animals to SARS-coronavirus-2 (2020) Science, pp. 1-23. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7015; Zhou, P, Fan, H, Lan, T, Yang, X, Shi, W, Zhang, W, Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin (2018) Nature, 5556, pp. 255-258. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0010-9; Drexler, JF, Corman, VM, Drosten, C., Ecology, evolution and classification of bat coronaviruses in the aftermath of SARS (2014) Antiviral Res, 101, pp. 45-56. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.10.013, PMID: 24184128; Huynh, J, Li, S, Yount, B, Smith, A, Sturges, L, Olsen, JC, Evidence supporting a zoonotic origin of human coronavirus strain NL63 (2012) Journal of Virology, 86 (23), pp. 12818-12825. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00906-12; Vijaykrishna, D, Smith, GJD, Zhang, JX, Peiris, JSM, Chen, H, Guan, Y., Evolutionary insights into the ecology of coronaviruses (2007) Journal of Virology, 81 (8), pp. 4012-4020. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02605-06, PMID: 17267506; Hall, RJ, Wang, J, Peacey, M, Moore, NE, McInnes, K, Tompkins, DM., New alphacoronavirus in Mystacina tuberculata bats, New Zealand (2014) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20 (4), pp. 697-700. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2004.131441, PMID: 24656060; Woo, PCY, Lau, SKP, Huang, Y, Yuen, K-Y., Coronavirus diversity, phylogeny and interspecies jumping (2009) Exp Biol Med, 234 (10), pp. 1117-1127. , https://doi.org/10.3181/0903-MR-94; Li, W, Shi, Z, Yu, M, Ren, W, Smith, C, Epstein, JH, Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses (2005) Science, 310 (5748), pp. 676-679. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1118391, PMID: 16195424; Huang, Y, Dickerman, AW, Piñeyro, P, Li, L, Fang, L, Kiehne, R, Origin, evolution, and genotyping of emergent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains in the United States (2013) mBio, 4 (5), p. e0073713. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00737-13, PMID: 24129257; Corman, VM, Baldwin, HJ, Tateno, AF, Zerbinati, RM, Annan, A, Owusu, M, Evidence for an anscestral association of human coronavirus 229E with bats (2015) Journal of Virology, 89 (23), pp. 11858-11870. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01755-15, PMID: 26378164; Lau, SKP, Woo, PCY, Li, KSM, Huang, Y, Tsoi, H, Wong, BHL, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-like virus in Chinese horseshoe bats (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 102 (39), pp. 14040-14045. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506735102, PMID: 16169905; Yip, CW, Hon, CC, Shi, M, lam, TT, Chow, KY, Zeng, F, Phylogenetic perspectives on the epidemiology and origins of SARS and SARS-like coronaviruses (2009) Infect, Genet Evol, 9, pp. 1185-1196. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2009.09.015; Wong, S, Lau, S, Woo, P, Yuen, KY., Bats as a continuing source of emerging infections in humans (2007) Rev Med Virol, 17 (2), pp. 67-91. , https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.520, PMID: 17042030; Wong, ACP, Li, X, Lau, SKP, Woo, PCY., Global epidemiology of bat coronaviruses (2019) Viruses, 11 (174). , https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020174; Albery, GF, Eskew, EA, Ross, N, Olival, KJ., Predicting the global mammalian viral sharing network using phylogeography (2020) Nature Communications, 11 (2260). , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16153-4; Osborne, C, Cryan, P, O'Shea, TJ, Oko, LM, Ndaluka, C, Calisher, CH, Alphacoronaviruses in New World bats: prevalence, persistence, phylogeny, and potential for interaction with humans (2011) PLoS ONE, 6 (5), p. e19156. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019156, PMID: 21589915; Damas, J, Hughes, GM, Keough, KC, Painter, CA, Persky, NS, Corbo, M, Broad host range of SARS-CoV-2 predicted by comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 in vertebrates (2020) bioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.045302; Weller, TJ, Cryan, PM, O'Shea, TJ., Broadening the focus of bat conservation and research in the USA for the 21st century (2009) Endangered Species Research, 8, pp. 129-145. , https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00149; Misra, V, Dumonceaux, T, Dubois, J, Willis, C, Nadin-Davis, S, Severini, A, Detection of polyoma and corona viruses in bats of Canada (2009) J Gen Virol, 90, pp. 2015-2022. , https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.010694-0, PMID: 19357225; Donaldson, EF, Haskew, AN, Gates, JE, Huynh, J, Moore, CJ, Frieman, MB., Metagenomic analysis of the viromes of three North American bat species: viral diversity among different bat species that share a common habitat (2010) Journal of Virology, 84 (24), pp. 13004-13018. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01255-10, PMID: 20926577; Dominguez, SR, O'Shea, TJ, Oko, LM, Holmes, KV., Detection of group 1 coronaviruses in bats in North America (2007) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13 (9), pp. 1295-1300. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1309.070491, PMID: 18252098; Yang, L, Wu, Z, Ren, X, Yang, F, He, G, Zhang, JX, Novel SARS-like betacoronaviruses in bats, China, 2011 (2013) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19 (6), pp. 989-991. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1906.121648, PMID: 23739658; Drexler, JF, Gloza-Rausch, F, Glende, J, Corman, VM, Muth, D, Goettsche, M, Genomic characterization of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus in European bats and classification of coronaviruses based on partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequences (2010) Journal of Virology, 84 (21), pp. 11336-11349. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00650-10, PMID: 20686038; Lecis, R, Mucedda, M, Pidinchedda, E, Pittau, M, Alberti, A., Molecular identification of Betacoronavirus in bats from Sardinia (Italy): first detection and phylogeny (2019) Virus Genes, 55 (1), pp. 60-67. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-018-1614-8, PMID: 30426315; Teeling, EC, Springer, MS, Madsen, O, Bates, P, O'Brien, SJ, Murphy, WJ., A molecular phylogeny for bats illuminates biogeography and the fossil record (2005) Science, 307, pp. 580-584. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1105113, PMID: 15681385; Anthony, SJ, Ojeda-Flores, R, Rico-Chávez, O, Navarrete-Macias, I, Zambrana-Torrelio, C, Rostal, MK, Coronaviruses in bats from Mexico (2013) J Gen Virol, 94, pp. 1028-1038. , https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.049759-0, PMID: 23364191; Góes, LGB, Campos, ACA, de Carvalho, C, Ambar, G, Quieroz, LH, Cruz-Neto, AP, Genetic diversity of bats coronaviruses in the Atlantic forest hotspot biome, Brazil (2016) Infect, Genet Evol, 4, pp. 510-513. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.034; Munster, VJ, Adney, DR, van Doremalen, N, Brown, VR, Miazgowicz, KL, Milne-Price, S, Replication and shedding of MERS-CoV in Jamaican fruit bats (Artibeus jamaicensis) (2016) Scientific Reports, 6, p. 21878. , https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21878, PMID: 26899616; Hayman, DTS, Fooks, AR, Marston, DA, Garcia-R, JC., The global phylogeography of lyssaviruses-challenging the'out of Africa' hypothesis (2016) PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 10 (12), p. e0005266. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005266, PMID: 28036390; Tao, Y, Tong, S., Complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus from Kenyan bats (2019) Microbiology Resource Announcements, 8, p. e0054819. , https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00548-19, PMID: 31296683; Barbour, RW, Davis, WH., (1969) Bats of America, p. 286. , Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky; George, DB, Webb, CT, Farnsworth, ML, O'Shea, TJ, Bowen, RA, Smith, DL, Host and viral ecology determine bat rabies seasonality and maintenance (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 108 (25), pp. 10208-10213. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010875108, PMID: 21646516; Davis, AD, Morgan, SM, Dupuis, M, Poulliott, CE, Jarvis, JA, Franchini, R, Overwintering of rabies virus in silver haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) (2016) PLoS ONE, 11 (5), p. e0155542. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155542, PMID: 27195489; Subudhi, S, Rapin, N, Bollinger, TK, Hill, JE, Donaldson, ME, Davy, CM, A persistently infecting coronavirus in hibernating Myotis lucifugus, the North American little brown bat (2017) J Gen Virol, 98, pp. 2297-2309. , https://doi.org/10.1099/jgv.0.000898, PMID: 28840816; Hayman, DTS, Cryan, PM, Fricker, PD, Dannemiller, NG., Long-term video surveillance and automated analyses reveal arousal patterns in groups of hibernating bats (2017) Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 8 (12), pp. 1813-1821. , https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12823; Speakman, JR, Thomas, DW., Physiological ecology and energetics of bats (2003) Bat ecology, pp. 430-490. , Kunz TH, Fenton MB, editors. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Mollentze, N, Streicker, DG, Murcia, PM, Hampson, K, Biek, R., Dynamics of viral index infections in novel hosts (2020) bioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.033928; Morimoto, K, Patel, M, Corisdeo, S, Hooper, DC, Fu, ZF, Rupprecht, CE, Characterization of a unique variant of bat rabies virus responsible for newly emerging human cases in North America (1996) Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 93, pp. 5653-5658. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.11.5653; Epstein, JH, Price, JT., The significant but understudied impact of pathogen transmission from humans to animals (2009) Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, 76, pp. 448-455. , https://doi.org/10.1002/msj.20140, PMID: 19787650; Constantine, DG., Disease exchange between bats and researchers: problems and precautions (1985) Aust Mammal, 8, pp. 325-329; Sulkin, SE, Allen, R., Virus infections in bats (1974) Monographs in Virology, 8, pp. 1-103. , PMID: 4367453; Calisher, CH, Childs, JE, Field, HE, Holmes, KV, Schountz, T., Bats: an important reservoir host of emerging viruses (2006) Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 19 (3), pp. 531-545. , https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00017-06, PMID: 16847084; Luis, AD, Hayman, DTS, O'Shea, TJ, Cryan, PM, Gilbert, AT, Pulliam, JRC, A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses: are bats special? (2013) Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 280 (1756), p. 20122753. , https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2753, PMID: 23378666; Zhang, G, Cowled, C, Shi, Z, Huang, Z, Bishop-Lilly, KA, Fang, X, Comparative analysis of bat genomes provides insight into the evolution of flight and immunity (2013) Science, 339 (6118), pp. 456-460. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1230835, PMID: 23258410; Xie, J, Li, Y, Shen, X, Goh, G, Zhu, Y, Cui, J, Dampened STING-dependent interferon activation in bats (2018) Cell Host & Microbe, 23, pp. 1-5. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2018.01.006; Ahn, M, Anderson, DE, Zhang, Q, Tan, CW, Lim, BL, Luko, K, Dampened NLRP3-mediated inflammation in bats and implications for a special viral reservoir host (2019) Nature Microbiology, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-019-0371-3; Zhou, P, Tachedjian, M, Wynne, JW, Boyd, V, Cui, J, Smith, I, Contraction of the type I IFN locus and unusual constitutive expression of IFN-α in bats (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 113 (10), pp. 2696-2701. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518240113, PMID: 26903655; Banerjee, A, Baker, ML, Kulcsar, K, Misra, V, Plowright, R, Mossman, K., Novel insights into immune systems of bats (2020) Frontiers in Immunology, 11 (26). , https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00026; Mandl, JN, Schneider, C, Schneider, DS, Baker, ML., Going to bat(s) for studies of disease tolerance (2018) Frontiers in Immunology, 9 (2112). , https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02112; Subudhi, S, Rapin, N, Misra, V., Immune system modulation and viral persistence in bats: understanding viral spillover (2019) Viruses, 11 (192). , https://doi.org/10.3390/v11020192; O'Shea, TJ, Cryan, PM, Cunningham, AA, Fooks, AR, Hayman, DTS, Luis, AD, Bat flight and zoonotic viruses (2014) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20 (5), pp. 741-745. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2005.130539, PMID: 24750692; O'Shea, TJ, Neubaum, DJ, Neubaum, MA, Cryan, PM, Ellison, LE, Stanley, TR, Bat ecology and public health surveillance for rabies in an urbanizing region of Colorado (2011) Urban Ecosystems, 14, pp. 665-697. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-011-0182-7; Salah Uddin Kahn, M, Hossain, J, Gurley, ES, Nahar, N, Sultana, R, Luby, SP., Use of infrared camera to understand bats' access to date palm sap: implications for preventing Nipah virus transmission (2011) EcoHealth, 7, pp. 517-525. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-010-0366-2; Gilbert, AT, Petersen, BW, Recuenco, S, Niezgoda, M, Gómez, J, Laguna-Torres, VA, Evidence of rabies virus exposure among humans in the Peruvian Amazon (2012) The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87 (2), pp. 206-215. , https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0689, PMID: 22855749; Kuzmin, IV, Shi, M, Orciari, LA, Yager, PA, Velasco-Villa, A, Kuzmina, NA, Molecular inferences suggest multiple host shifts of rabies viruses from bats to mesocarnivores in Arizona during 2001-2009 (2012) PLoS Pathog, 8 (6). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1002786; Messenger, SL, Smith, JS, Rupprecht, CE., Emerging epidemiology of bat-associated cryptic cases of rabies in humans in the United States (2002) Clin Infect Dis, 35 (6), pp. 738-747. , https://doi.org/10.1086/342387, PMID: 12203172; Moran, D, Juliao, P, Alvarez, D, Lindblade, KA, Ellison, JA, Gilbert, AT, Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies and exposure to bats in two rural communities in Guatemala (2015) BMC Research Notes, 8 (1), p. 955. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-014-0955-1; Plowright, RK, Eby, P, Hudson, PJ, Smith, IL, Westcott, D, Bryden, WL, Ecological dynamics of emerging bat virus spillover (2015) Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 282, p. 20142124. , https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2124, PMID: 25392474; Brook, CE, Boots, M, Chandran, K, Dobson, AP, Drosten, C, Graham, AL, Accelerated viral dynamics in bat cell lines, with implications for zoonotic emergence (2020) eLife, 9, p. e48401. , https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.48401; Prescott, J, Guito, JC, Spengler, JR, Arnold, CE, Schuh, AJ, Amman, BR, Rousette bat dendritic cells overcome Marburg virus-mediated antiviral responses by upregulation of interferon-related genes while downregulating proinflammatory disease mediators (2019) mSphere, 4 (6), pp. e00728-19. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00728-19, PMID: 31801842; Schlottau, K, Rissmann, M, Graaf, A, Schön, J, Sehl, J, Wylezich, C, Experimental transmission studies of SARS-CoV-2 in fruit bats, ferrets, pigs and chickens (2020) The Lancet, , https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3578792; Denison, MR, Graham, RL, Donaldson, EF, Eckerle, LD, Baric, RS., Coronaviruses: an RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity (2011) RNA Biology, 8 (2), pp. 270-279. , https://doi.org/10.4161/rna.8.2.15013, PMID: 21593585; Gorbalenya, AE, Enjuanes, L, Ziebuhr, J, Snijder, EJ., Nidovirales: evolving the largest RNA virus genome (2006) Virus Research, 117, pp. 17-37. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2006.01.017, PMID: 16503362; Menachery, VD, Graham, RL, Baric, RS., Jumping species-a mechanism for coronavirus persistence and survival (2017) Current Opinion in Virology, 23, pp. 1-7. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2017.01.002, PMID: 28214731; Johnson, CK, Hitchens, PL, Pandit, PS, Rushmore, J, Evans, TS, Young, CCW, Global shifts in mammalian population trends reveal key predictors of virus spillover risk (2020) Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 287. , https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2736, (20192736); Murray, KA, Daszak, P., Human ecology in pathogenic landscapes: two hypotheses on how land use change drives viral emergence (2013) Current Opinion in Virology, 3 (1), pp. 79-83. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coviro.2013.01.006, PMID: 23415415; Becker, DJ, Czirják, GÁ, Volokhov, DV, Bentz, AB, Carrera, JE, Camus, MS, Livestock abundance predicts vampire bat demography, immune profiles and bacterial infection risk (2018) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 373 (1745), p. 20170089. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0089; Wilkinson, DA, Marshall, JC, French, NP, Hayman, DTS., Habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss and the risk of novel infectious disease emergence (2018) Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 15 (20180403). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0403; Rulli, MC, Santini, M, Hayman, DTS, D'Odorico, P., The nexus between forest fragmentation in Africa and Ebola virus disease outbreaks (2017) Scientific Reports, 7. , https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41613, (41613); Sleeman, JM, Richgels, KLD, White, CL, Stephen, C., Integration of wildlife and environmental health into a One Health approach (2019) Scientific and Technical Review of the Office International des Epizooties, 28 (1), pp. 91-102. , https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.38.1.2944; Olival, KJ., To cull, or not to cull, bat is the question (2015) EcoHealth, 13 (1), pp. 6-8. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-015-1075-7, PMID: 26631385; Amman, BR, Nyakarahuka, Luke, McElroy Anita, K., Dodd Kimberly, A., Sealy Tara, K., Schuh Amy, J., Shoemaker Trevor, R., Marburgvirus resurgence in Kitaka Mine bat population after extermination attempts, Uganda (2014) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20 (10), pp. 1761-1764. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2010.140696, PMID: 25272104; Phelps, KL, Hamel, L, Alhmoud, N, Ali, S, Bilgin, R, Sidamonidze, K, Bat research networks and viral surveillance: gaps and opportunities in western Asia (2019) Viruses, 11 (3), p. 240. , https://doi.org/10.3390/v11030240; Peel, AJ, Sargan, DR, Baker, KS, Hayman, DTS, Barr, JA, Crameri, G, Continent-wide panmixia of an African fruit bat facilitates transmission of potentially zoonotic viruses (2013) Nature Communications, 4 (2770). , https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3770; Restif, O, Hayman, DTS, Pulliam, JRC, Plowright, RK, George, DB, Luis, AD, Model-guided fieldwork: practical guidelines for multidisciplinary research on wildlife ecological and epidemiological dynamics (2012) Ecol Lett, 15 (10), pp. 1083-1094. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01836.x, PMID: 22809422; Wood, JLN, Leach, M, Waldman, L, MacGregor, H, Fooks, AR, Jones, KE, A framework for the study of zoonotic disease emergence and its drivers: spillover of bat pathogens as a case study (2012) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 367, pp. 2881-2892. , https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0228; Plowright, RK, Becker, DJ, McCallum, H, Manlove, KR., Sampling to elucidate the dynamics of infections in reservoir hosts (2019) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374, p. 20180336. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0336; Kunz, TH, Parsons, S, (2009) Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats, , editors. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press; Amman, BR, Schuh, AJ, Towner, JS., Ebola virus field sample collection (2017) Methods in Molecular Biology, 1628, pp. 373-393. , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7116-9_30, PMID: 28573636; Streicker, DG, Winternitz, JC, Satterfield, DA, Condori-Condori, RE, Broos, A, Tello, C, Host-pathogen evolutionary signatures reveal dynamics and future invasions of vampire bat rabies (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 113 (39), pp. 10926-10931. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606587113, PMID: 27621441; Tan, CW, Chia, WN, Chen, MI-C, Hu, Z, Young, BE, Tan, Y-J, A SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) based on antibody-mediated blockage of ACE2-spike (RBD) protein-protein interaction. Nature Research Review, , https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-24574/v1; USGS National Wildlife Health Center-Wildlife Health Bulletin, , USGS. NWHC operations during the COVID-19 pandemic and information about coronaviruses in wildlife, 2020;2020 Epub 1 April 2020; (2020) International Union for the Conservation of Nature statement on the COVID-19 pandemic, , IUCN; (2011) Investigating the role of bats in emerging zoonoses: Balancing ecology, conservation and public health interests, , FAO. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations; Runge, MC, Grant, EHC, Coleman, JTH, Reichard, JD, Gibbs, SEJ, Cryan, PM, Assessing the risks posed by SARS-CoV-2 in and via North American bats-Decision framing and rapid risk assessment (2020) US Geological Survey Open-File Report, 2020-1060, p. 43. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201060; Leung, NHL, Chu, DKW, Shiu, EYC, Chan, H, McDevitt, JJ, Hau, BJP, Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks (2020) Nat Med, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2; (2006) Reusability of Facemasks During an Influenza Pandemic: Facing the Flu, , Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC; Cui, J, Eden, J-S, Holmes, EC, Wang, LF., Adaptive evolution of bat dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4): implications for the origin and emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Virology Journal, 10 (304). , https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-10-304; Letko, M, Miazgowicz, K, McMinn, R, Seifert, SN, Sola, I, Enjuanes, L, Adaptive evolution of MERS-CoV to species variation in DPP4 (2018) Cell Reports, 24, pp. 1730-1737. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.045, PMID: 30110630; Luan, J, Jin, X, Lu, Y, Zhang, L., SARS-CoV-2 spike potein favors ACE2 from Bovidae and Cricetidae (2020) J Med Virol, , https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25817, Epub 30 March 2020; Zhang, H, Penninger, JM, Li, Y, Zhong, N, Slutsky, AS., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic target (2020) Intensive Care Medicine, 46, pp. 586-590. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05985-9, PMID: 32125455; Pieracci, EG, Brown, J.A., Bergman, D.L., Gilbert, A., Wallace, R.M., Blanton, J.D., Velasco-Villa, A., Chipman, R.B., Evaluation of species identification and rabies virus characterization among bat rabies cases in the United States (2020) J Am Vet Med Assoc, 256 (1), pp. 77-84. , https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.256.1.77, PMID: 31841089; Dunnam, JL, Yanagihara, R, Johnson, KM, Armien, B, Batsaikhan, N, Morgan, L, Biospecimen repositories and integrated databases as critical infrastructure for pathogen discovery and pathobiology research (2018) PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 11 (1), p. e0005133. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005133; Walters, CL, Freeman, R, Collen, A, Dietz, C, Fenton, MB, Jones, G, A continental-scale tool for acoustic identification of European bats (2012) Journal of Applied Ecology, 49 (5), pp. 1064-1074. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02182.x; Drexler, JF, Corman, VM, Wegner, T, Tateno, AF, Zerbinati, RM, Gloza-Rausch, F, Amplification of emerging viruses in a bat colony (2011) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17 (3), pp. 449-456. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1703.100526, PMID: 21392436; Walker, FM, Williamson, CHD, Sanchez, DE, Sobek, CJ, Chambers, CL., Species from feces: order-wide identification of Chiroptera from guano and other non-invasive genetic samples (2016) PLoS ONE, 11 (9), p. e0162342. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162342, PMID: 27654850; Oyler-McCance, SJ, Fike, JA, Lukacs, PM, Sparks, DW, O'Shea, TJ, Whitaker, JO, Genetic mark-recapture improves estimates of maternity colony size for Indiana bats (2018) Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, 9 (1), pp. 25-35. , https://doi.org/10.3996/122016-JFWM-093; Hill, AP, Davies, A, Prince, P, Snaddon, JL, Doncaster, CP, Rogers, A., Leveraging conservation action with open-source hardware (2019) Conservation Letters, 12 (5), p. e12661. , https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12661; Mac Aodha, O, Gibb, R, Barlow, KE, Browning, E, Firman, M, Freeman, R, Bat detective-deep learning tools for bat acoustic signal detection (2018) PLoS Comput Biol, 14 (3), p. e1005995. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005995, PMID: 29518076; Mosher, BA, Bernard, RF, Lorch, JM, Miller, DAW, Richgels, KLD, White, CL, Successful molecular detection studies require clear communication among diverse research partners (2020) Front Ecol Environ, 18 (1), pp. 43-51. , https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2141; Carroll, D, Daszak, P, Wolfe, ND, Gao, GF, Morel, CM, Morzaria, S, The Global Virome Project (2018) Science, 359 (6378), pp. 872-874. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7463, PMID: 29472471; Plowright, RK, Becker, DJ, McCallum, H, Manlove, KR., Sampling to elucidate the dynamics of infections in reservoir hosts (2019) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 374, p. 20180336. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0336 PY - 2020 SN - 15537366 (ISSN) ST - Possibility for reverse zoonotic transmission of sars-cov-2 to free-ranging wildlife: A case study of bats T2 - PLoS Pathogens TI - Possibility for reverse zoonotic transmission of sars-cov-2 to free-ranging wildlife: A case study of bats UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089979098&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.ppat.1008758&partnerID=40&md5=70d05d231637d686fad3fea0f577f645 VL - 16 ID - 383 ER - TY - JOUR AB - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To compile and report the ocular manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and summarize the ocular side effects of investigational treatments of this disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Conjunctivitis is by far the most common ocular manifestation of COVID-19 with viral particles being isolated from tears/secretions of infected individuals. Multiple therapeutic options are being explored across a variety of medication classes with diverse ocular side effects. SUMMARY: Eye care professionals must exercise caution, as conjunctivitis may be the presenting or sole finding of an active COVID-19 infection. While no currently studied therapeutic agents have been found to reliably treat COVID-19, early vaccination trials are progressing and show promise. A video abstract is available for a more detailed summary. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COOP/A36. AD - Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, United States AU - Olson, D. J. AU - Ghosh, A. AU - Zhang, A. Y. C2 - 32740062 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000682 IS - 5 J2 - Curr Opin Ophthalmol KW - new drug adverse drug reaction Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection eye disease human isolation and purification lacrimal fluid pandemic viral conjunctivitis virology virus pneumonia Conjunctivitis, Viral Coronavirus Infections Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions Drugs, Investigational Eye Diseases Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Tears LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Chemicals/CAS: Drugs, Investigational PY - 2020 SN - 15317021 (ISSN) SP - 403-415 ST - Ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 and ocular side effects of investigational pharmacologic agents T2 - Current opinion in ophthalmology TI - Ophthalmic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 and ocular side effects of investigational pharmacologic agents UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089302266&doi=10.1097%2fICU.0000000000000682&partnerID=40&md5=f281c418fc2be058d1c4b1dc7545b84c VL - 31 ID - 391 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic is shining a spotlight on the field of immunology like never before. To appreciate the diverse ways in which immunologists have contributed, Nature Reviews Immunology invited the president of the International Union of Immunological Societies and the presidents of 15 other national immunology societies to discuss how they and their members responded following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). © 2020, Springer Nature Limited. AD - Biosciences Department, KEMRI Wellcome, Kilifi, Kenya Parasitology Department, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Department of Genetics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom British Society for Immunology, London, United Kingdom Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Institute of Immunology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China Pedro Kourí Institute, Havana, Cuba Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Preclínicas ‘Victoria de Girón’, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana, Havana, Cuba Institute of Immunology, Jena, Germany DZIF, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Instituto Pasteur Italia, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy School of Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Flow Cytometry Diagnostic Core, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy University of Verona, Verona, Italy Division of Mucosal Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Institute for Global Prominent Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa AU - Osier, F. AU - Ting, J. P. Y. AU - Fraser, J. AU - Lambrecht, B. N. AU - Romano, M. AU - Gazzinelli, R. T. AU - Bortoluci, K. R. AU - Zamboni, D. S. AU - Akbar, A. N. AU - Evans, J. AU - Brown, D. E. AU - Patel, K. D. AU - Wu, Y. AU - Perez, A. B. AU - Pérez, O. AU - Kamradt, T. AU - Falk, C. AU - Barda-Saad, M. AU - Ariel, A. AU - Santoni, A. AU - Annunziato, F. AU - Cassatella, M. A. AU - Kiyono, H. AU - Chereshnev, V. AU - Dieye, A. AU - Mbow, M. AU - Mbengue, B. AU - Niang, M. D. S. AU - Suchard, M. C2 - 32913283 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41577-020-00428-4 IS - 10 J2 - Nat. Rev. Immunol. KW - coronavirus disease 2019 health care organization human immunologist immunology intensive care medical education medical society pandemic peer review priority journal pulmonologist Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 World Health Organization Betacoronavirus biosynthesis Coronavirus infection drug effect global health international cooperation organization and management pathogenicity patient education protective equipment public relations severe acute respiratory syndrome social distance synthesis virology virus pneumonia antivirus agent COVID-19 vaccine virus vaccine Antiviral Agents Community-Institutional Relations Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Patient Education as Topic Personal Protective Equipment Pneumonia, Viral Societies, Scientific Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NRIAB Correspondence Address: Osier, F.; Biosciences Department, Kenya; email: fosier@kemri-wellcome.org Correspondence Address: Ting, J.P.Y.; Department of Genetics, United States; email: jenny_ting@med.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Fraser, J.; Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, New Zealand; email: j.fraser@auckland.ac.nz Correspondence Address: Lambrecht, B.N.; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation ResearchBelgium; email: bart.lambrecht@ugent.be Correspondence Address: Gazzinelli, R.T.; Fundação Oswaldo CruzBrazil; email: ricardo.gazzinelli@fiocruz.br Correspondence Address: Akbar, A.N.; Division of Infection and Immunity, United Kingdom; email: a.akbar@ucl.ac.uk Correspondence Address: Patel, K.D.; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Canada; email: kpatel@ucalgary.ca Correspondence Address: Wu, Y.; Institute of Immunology, China; email: wuyuzhang@tmmu.edu.cn Correspondence Address: Perez, A.B.; Pedro Kourí InstituteCuba; email: anab@ipk.sld.cu Correspondence Address: Kamradt, T.; Institute of ImmunologyGermany; email: thomas.kamradt@med.uni-jena.de Correspondence Address: Barda-Saad, M.; Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, Israel; email: mira.barda-saad@biu.ac.il Correspondence Address: Santoni, A.; Department of Molecular Medicine, Italy; email: angela.santoni@uniroma1.it Correspondence Address: Kiyono, H.; Division of Mucosal Immunology, Japan; email: kiyono@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp Correspondence Address: Chereshnev, V.; Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Russian Federation; email: mchereshneva@mail.ru Correspondence Address: Dieye, A.; Department of Immunology, Senegal; email: alioune.dieye@ucad.edu.sn Correspondence Address: Suchard, M.; National Institute for Communicable Diseases, South Africa; email: melindas@nicd.ac.za Chemicals/CAS: Antiviral Agents; COVID-19 vaccine; Viral Vaccines Funding details: British Society for Immunology, BSI Funding text 1: F.O. acknowledges the members of the International Union of Immunological Societies (IUIS) Executive Committee and particularly the Secretary General for their contributions. She thanks the members of the publication committee led by R. Carsetti for their efforts and leadership in supporting the IUIS/Frontiers scientific webinars. She also thanks Frontiers for its continued partnership with the IUIS, which has been instrumental to the success of the webinars. A.D., M.M., B.M. and M.D.S.N. thank the Senegalese Ministry of Health and Social Action and Ministry of High Education, Research and Innovation for their support. The British Society for Immunology (BSI) coronavirus work is supported by the Lorna and Yuti Chernajovsky Biomedical Research Foundation, with additional support from the following BSI Gold Corporate Members: 10x Genomics, Fluidigm, Miltenyi Biotec and NanoString. H.K. acknowledges the great contribution of the Japanese Society for Immunology (JSI) executive board members K. Takeda (Osaka University), K. Hase (Keio University), O. Takeuchi (Kyoto University) and A. Takaoka (Hokkaido University) for supporting JSI’s emphasis on solidarity for scientists, and extends sincere appreciation to them on behalf of all JSI members. M.S. thanks the following members of the South African Immunology Society Executive Committee for their input: E. Mayne (University of the Witwatersrand and National Health Laboratory Service), C. Gray (University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service), K. Kgoadi (University of Cape Town), S. Buldeo (Neuberg Global Laboratory), C. Worsley (University of the Witwatersrand), H. Ranchod (National Institute for Communicable Diseases), J. Peter (University of Cape Town), T. Scriba (University of Cape Town) and R. Glashoff (Stellenbosch University). Nature Reviews Immunology apologizes to all of the regional and national immunology societies that we were not able to feature in this article for reasons of space restrictions. We encourage all of our readers to join and support the work of their relevant immunology societies. Finally, we thank all immunologists and immunology societies for their monumental contributions to tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. References: (2020) Iuis-Frontiers Webinar Series on COVID-19, , https://iuis.org/webinars/; The American Association of Immunologists (2020) The American Association of Immunologists, Public Affairs. AAI, , https://www.aai.org/Public-Affairs; The American Association of Immunologists. Letter from the American Association of Immunologists (2020) AAI, , https://www.aai.org/AAISite/media/Public_Affairs/Letters-Comments/Letter-from-The-American-Association-of-Immunologists-re-COVID-19.pdf; The American Association of Immunologists. Letter to Dr Collins regarding grant termination (2020) AAI, , https://www.aai.org/AAISite/media/Public_Affairs/Letters-Comments/Letter_to_Dr_Collins_Re_Grant_Termination_052020.pdf; The American Association of Immunologists. Statement of AAI Committee on Public Affairs (2020) AAI, , https://www.aai.org/AAISite/media/Public_Affairs/Letters-Comments/AAI-Opposes-US-Withdrawal-from-WHO-and-Visa-Changes-Affecting-Chinese-Scientists-060920.pdf; The Journal of Immunology COVID-19, SARS, and MERS articles J. Immunol, , https://www.jimmunol.org/coronaviruses; (2020) J. Immunol., , https://www.jimmunol.org/content/message-our-authors-reviewers-and-readers7; The American Association of Immunologists. Poster abstracts from IMMUNOLOGY2020 (2020) AAI, , https://plan.core-apps.com/aai2020/abstracts; The American Association of Immunologists. COVID-19 resources and information center (2020) AAI, , https://www.aai.org/COVID-19-Resources; The American Association of Immunologists. AAI Courses in immunology (2020) AAI, , https://www.aai.org/Education/Courses; The American Association of Immunologists (2020) AAI Fellowships. AAI, , https://www.aai.org/Careers/Fellowships/; (2020) ASI Community. ASI, , https://www.immunology.org.au/community/; (2020) ASI Fireside Chats. ASI, , https://www.immunology.org.au/events/list/; Bosteels, C., Sargramostim to treat patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (SARPAC): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2020) Trials, 21. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFSkur7M; Maes, B., Treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients with anti-interleukin drugs (COV-AID): a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2020) Trials, 21. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFSlu7zE; (2020) Clinicaltrials.Gov, , https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04382755; Sociedade Brasiliera de Imunologia (2020) SBI Homepage. SBI, , https://sbi.org.br/; (2020) Information on the Joint Academy of Medical Sciences/British Society for Immunology Taskforce, , https://www.immunology.org/coronavirus/immunology-and-covid-19; (2020) Joint Academy of Medical Sciences/British Society for Immunology Report on COVID-19 and Immunology, , https://www.immunology.org/sites/default/files/Final_COVID-19_Immunology_report.pdf; (2020) Coronavirus Information Hub on the BSI Website. BSI, , https://www.immunology.org/coronavirus; (2020) BSI ‘Connect on Coronavirus’ Webinar Series. BSI, , https://www.immunology.org/coronavirus/connect-coronavirus-webinars; (2020) CSI Council Statement on Systemic Inequities. CSI, , https://www.csi-sci.ca/; Cai, X.F., A peptide-based magnetic chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay for serological diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J. Infect. Dis., 222, pp. 189-193. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtl2ltLfL; Diao, B., Diagnosis of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection by detection of nucleocapsid protein. Preprint at (2020) medRxiv; Gao, Q., Rapid development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science; Zhu, F.C., Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1845-1854. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVSjtrvO; Chen, X.Y., Human monoclonal antibodies block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (2020) Cell. Mol. Immunol., 17, pp. 647-649. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXnsFSms74%3D; Cao, Y., Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients’ B cells (2020) Cell; Wu, Y., A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1274-1278. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFGitLfF; Bao, L., The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice (2020) Nature; Sun, J., Generation of a broadly useful model for COVID-19 pathogenesis, vaccination, and treatment (2020) Cell; Diao, B., Reduction and functional exhaustion of T cells in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Front. Immunol., 11, p. 827; Long, Q.X., Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 845-848. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXot1aktLk%3D; Long, Q.X., Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (2020) Nat. Med.; Diao, B., Human kidney is a target for novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Preprint at (2020) medRxiv; Zhou, Y., Pathogenic T-cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storms in severe COVID-19 patients (2020) Natl Sci. Rev., 7, pp. 998-1002. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlOnurzF; Liu, Y., Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) reduces the mortality of severe COVID-19 by restoration of lymphocytopenia and reversion of exhausted T cells (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa630; Xu, X., Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab (2020) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 10970-10975. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFCit7zM; Díaz-Canel Bermúdez, M., Núñez Jover, J., Government management and Cuban science in the confrontation with COVID-19 (2020) An. Acad. Cienc. Cuba., , http://www.revistaccuba.cu/index.php/revacc/article/view/881/892; Castellanos-Serra, L., Bringing Cuban Biotech Research to Bear on COVID-19: All Hands and Minds on Deck (2020) MEDICC Rev., 22, pp. 31-37; Pereda, R., Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon-alpha2b against COVID-19: the Cuban experience. Preprint at (2020) medRxiv; Saavedra, D., An anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody (Itolizumab) reduces circulating IL-6 in severe covid-19 elderly patients (2020) Immun. Ageing, , https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-32335/v1; Venegas-Rodríguez, R., CIGB-258 immunomodulatory peptide: a novel promising treatment for critical and severe COVID-19 patients. Preprint at (2020) medRxiv; Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (2020) COVID19: An Executive Report., , https://www.lincei.it/it/article/covid-19-executive-report; Società Italiana diImmunologia, Immunologia Clinica e Allergologia (2020) SIICA SCHOOL, Official Channel. Youtube, , https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCh5jjFh6tOARju4IKlvUHKQ; Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (2020) The GAVI COVAX AMC. Gavi, , https://www.gavi.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/Gavi-COVAX-AMC-IO.pdf; Letter of solidarity and support from the Japanese Society of Immunology (2020) JSI, , http://files.jsi-men-eki.org/general/meneki/JSI_Message_20200327.pdf; Homepage for the 49th Meeting of the Japanese Society for Immunology (2020) JSI, , http://icongroup.co.jp/49immunology/english/; AMED new scientific outputs related to COVID-19 (2020) AMED, , https://www.amed.go.jp/en/news/topics/nso-index.html PY - 2020 SN - 14741733 (ISSN) SP - 594-602 ST - The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? T2 - Nature Reviews Immunology TI - The global response to the COVID-19 pandemic: how have immunology societies contributed? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090847970&doi=10.1038%2fs41577-020-00428-4&partnerID=40&md5=d54d2c5b08729b20e1de942ceb2d7acf VL - 20 ID - 344 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Obesity is a major independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality upon infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the current coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). Therefore, there is a critical need to identify underlying metabolic factors associated with obesity that could be contributing toward increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in this vulnerable population. Here, we focus on the critical role of potent endogenous lipid metabolites known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids. SPMs are generated during the transition of inflammation to resolution and have a vital role in directing damaged tissues to homeostasis; furthermore, SPMs display anti-viral activity in the context of influenza infection without being immunosuppressive. We cover evidence from rodent and human studies to show that obesity, and its co-morbidities, induce a signature of SPM deficiency across immunometabolic tissues. We further discuss how the effects of obesity upon SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely exacerbated with environmental exposures that promote chronic pulmonary inflammation and augment SPM deficits. Finally, we highlight potential approaches to overcome the loss of SPMs using dietary and pharmacological interventions. Collectively, this mini-review underscores the need for mechanistic studies on how SPM deficiencies driven by obesity and environmental exposures may exacerbate the response to SARS-CoV-2. © Copyright © 2020 Pal, Gowdy, Oestreich, Beck and Shaikh. AD - Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH, United States Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States AU - Pal, A. AU - Gowdy, K. M. AU - Oestreich, K. J. AU - Beck, M. AU - Shaikh, S. R. C2 - 32983141 C7 - 1997 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01997 J2 - Front. Immunol. KW - antibodies COVID-19 lipoxins maresins protectins resolvins angiotensin converting enzyme 2 arachidonate 15 lipoxygenase B lymphocyte induced maturation protein 1 CD59 antigen docosahexaenoic acid icosapentaenoic acid interleukin 6 lipid lipoxin B polyunsaturated fatty acid specialized pro resolving mediator syndecan 1 tumor necrosis factor unclassified drug linoleic acid lipoxin adverse outcome air pollution antiviral activity B lymphocyte cell differentiation coronavirus disease 2019 environmental exposure homeostasis human humoral immunity inflammation insulin sensitivity lipid composition lipid metabolism lipogenesis lung injury neutrophilia nonhuman obesity oxidative stress pneumonia Review sex difference susceptible population T lymphocyte Tfh cell virus replication Betacoronavirus comorbidity Coronavirus infection disease predisposition immunology metabolism morbidity pandemic risk factor virology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Disease Susceptibility Docosahexaenoic Acids Eicosapentaenoic Acid Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Shaikh, S.R.; Department of Nutrition, United States; email: shaikhsa@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: arachidonate 15 lipoxygenase, 82249-77-2; docosahexaenoic acid, 25167-62-8, 32839-18-2; icosapentaenoic acid, 10417-94-4, 1553-41-9, 25378-27-2, 32839-30-8; lipid, 66455-18-3; lipoxin B, 92950-25-9; syndecan 1, 128559-86-4; linoleic acid, 1509-85-9, 2197-37-7, 60-33-3, 822-17-3; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Linoleic Acid; Lipoxins Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01AI134972, R01AT008375, R01ES031378 Funding text 1: Funding. This work was supported by NIH R01AT008375 (SS), NIH R01ES031378 (KG and SS), and NIH R01AI134972 (KO). References: Bello-Chavolla, O.Y., Bahena-Lopez, J.P., Antonio-Villa, N.E., Vargas-Vázquez, A., González-Díaz, A., Márquez-Salinas, A., Predicting mortality due to SARS-CoV-2: A mechanistic score relating obesity and diabetes to COVID-19 outcomes in Mexico (2020) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 105, p. dgaa346. , 32474598; Chen, Q., Zheng, Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, X., Wu, H., Wang, J., Clinical characteristics of 145 patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China (2020) Infection, 48, pp. 543-551. , 32342479; Bhatraju, P.K., Ghassemieh, B.J., Nichols, M., Kim, R., Jerome, K.R., Nalla, A.K., Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the seattle region - case series (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 2012-2022. , 32227758; Li, T., Zhang, Y., Gong, C., Wang, J., Liu, B., Shi, L., Prevalence of malnutrition and analysis of related factors in elderly patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) Eur J Clin Nutri, 74, pp. 871-875. , 32322046; Liu, M., He, P., Liu, H., Wang, X., Li, F., Chen, S., Clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with new coronavirus pneumonia (2020) Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi, 43, p. E016; Peng, Y.D., Meng, K., Guan, H.Q., Leng, L., Zhu, R.R., Wang, B.Y., [Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV] (2020) Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi, 48, p. E004. , 32120458; Simonnet, A., Chetboun, M., Poissy, J., Raverdy, V., Noulette, J., Duhamel, A., High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (2020) Obesity, 28, pp. 1195-1199. , 32271993; Wu, J., Li, W., Shi, X., Chen, Z., Jiang, B., Liu, J., Early antiviral treatment contributes to alleviate the severity and improve the prognosis of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (2020) J Internal Med, 288, pp. 128-138. , 32220033; Ho, F.K., Celis-Morales, C.A., Gray, S.R., Katikireddi, S.V., Niedzwiedz, C.L., Hastie, C., Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for COVID-19: results from UK Biobank (2020) medRxiv [preprint]; Liao, X., Chen, H., Wang, B., Li, Z., Zhang, Z., Li, W., Critical care for severe COVID-19: a population-based study from a province with low case-fatality rate in china (2020) medRxiv [preprint]; Green, W.D., Beck, M.A., Obesity impairs the adaptive immune response to influenza virus (2017) Ann Am Thorac Soc, 14, pp. S406-S409. , 29161078; Serhan, C.N., Levy, B.D., Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators (2018) J Clin Invest, 128, pp. 2657-2669. , 29757195; Serhan, C.N., Chiang, N., Dalli, J., New pro-resolving n-3 mediators bridge resolution of infectious inflammation to tissue regeneration (2018) Mol Aspects Med, 64, pp. 1-17. , 28802833; Basil, M.C., Levy, B.D., Specialized pro-resolving mediators: endogenous regulators of infection and inflammation (2016) Nat Rev Immunol, 16, pp. 51-67. , 26688348; Tam Vincent, C., Quehenberger, O., Oshansky Christine, M., Suen, R., Armando Aaron, M., Treuting Piper, M., Lipidomic profiling of influenza infection identifies mediators that induce and resolve inflammation (2013) Cell, 154, pp. 213-227. , 23827684; Morita, M., Kuba, K., Ichikawa, A., Nakayama, M., Katahira, J., Iwamoto, R., The lipid mediator protectin D1 inhibits influenza virus replication and improves severe influenza (2013) Cell, 153, pp. 112-125. , 23477864; Imai, Y., Role of omega-3 PUFA-derived mediators, the protectins, in influenza virus infection (2015) Biochim Biophys Acta, 1851, pp. 496-502. , 25617737; Ramon, S., Baker, S.F., Sahler, J.M., Kim, N., Feldsott, E.A., Serhan, C.N., The specialized proresolving mediator 17-HDHA enhances the antibody-mediated immune response against influenza virus: a new class of adjuvant? (2014) J Immunol, 193, pp. 6031-6040. , 25392529; Kosaraju, R., Guesdon, W., Crouch, M.J., Teague, H.L., Sullivan, E.M., Karlsson, E.A., B cell activity is impaired in human and mouse obesity and is responsive to an essential fatty acid upon murine influenza infection (2017) J Immunol, 12, pp. 4738-4752. , 28500069; Teague, H., Fhaner, C.J., Harris, M., Duriancik, D.M., Reid, G.E., Shaikh, S.R., n-3 PUFAs enhance the frequency of murine B-cell subsets and restore the impairment of antibody production to a T-independent antigen in obesity (2013) J Lipid Res, 54, pp. 3130-3138. , 23986558; Kim, N., Lannan, K.L., Thatcher, T.H., Pollock, S.J., Woeller, C.F., Phipps, R.P., Lipoxin B4 enhances human memory b cell antibody production via upregulating cyclooxygenase-2 expression (2018) J Immunol, 201, pp. 3343-3351. , 30348736; Rajasagi, N.K., Bhela, S., Varanasi, S.K., Rouse, B.T., Frontline science: aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 controls herpes simplex virus-induced corneal immunopathology (2017) J Leukoc Biol, 102, pp. 1159-1171. , 28584076; Chiang, N., Fredman, G., Backhed, F., Oh, S.F., Vickery, T., Schmidt, B.A., Infection regulates pro-resolving mediators that lower antibiotic requirements (2012) Nature, 484, pp. 524-528. , 22538616; Abdulnour, R.E., Sham, H.P., Douda, D.N., Colas, R.A., Dalli, J., Bai, Y., Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 is produced during self-resolving gram-negative bacterial pneumonia and regulates host immune responses for the resolution of lung inflammation (2016) Mucosal Immunol, 9, pp. 1278-1287. , 26647716; Hellmann, J., Tang, Y., Kosuri, M., Bhatnagar, A., Spite, M., Resolvin D1 decreases adipose tissue macrophage accumulation and improves insulin sensitivity in obese-diabetic mice (2011) FASEB J, 25, pp. 2399-2407. , 21478260; Kassir, R., Risk of COVID-19 for patients with obesity (2020) Obes Rev, 21, p. e13034. , 32281287; Farnsworth, C.W., Schott, E.M., Benvie, A., Kates, S.L., Schwarz, E.M., Gill, S.R., Exacerbated Staphylococcus aureus foot infections in obese/diabetic mice are associated with impaired germinal center reactions, Ig class switching, and humoral immunity (2018) J Immunol, 201, pp. 560-572. , 29858265; Rebeles, J., Green, W.D., Alwarawrah, Y., Nichols, A.G., Eisner, W., Danzaki, K., Obesity-Induced changes in T-cell metabolism are associated with impaired memory T-cell response to influenza and are not reversed with weight loss (2019) J Infect Dis, 219, pp. 1652-1661. , 30535161; Chiurchiù, V., Leuti, A., Dalli, J., Jacobsson, A., Battistini, L., Maccarrone, M., Proresolving lipid mediators resolvin D1, resolvin D2, and maresin 1 are critical in modulating T cell responses (2016) Sci Transl Med, 8, p. 353ra111. , 27559094; Titos, E., Rius, B., Lopez-Vicario, C., Alcaraz-Quiles, J., Garcia-Alonso, V., Lopategi, A., Signaling and immunoresolving actions of resolvin D1 in inflamed human visceral adipose tissue (2016) J Immunol, 197, pp. 3360-3370. , 27647830; Lopez-Vicario, C., Titos, E., Walker, M.E., Alcaraz-Quiles, J., Casulleras, M., Duran-Guell, M., Leukocytes from obese individuals exhibit an impaired SPM signature (2019) FASEB J, 2019. , fj201802587R, 30840838; Clària, J., Dalli, J., Yacoubian, S., Gao, F., Serhan, C.N., Resolvin D1 and resolvin D2 govern Local inflammatory tone in obese fat (2012) J Immunol, 189, pp. 2597-2605. , 22844113; Crouch, M.J., Kosaraju, R., Guesdon, W., Armstrong, M., Reisdorph, N., Jain, R., Frontline Science: A reduction in DHA-derived mediators in male obesity contributes toward defects in select B cell subsets and circulating antibody (2019) J Leukoc Biol, 106, pp. 241-257. , 30576001; Pal, A., Al-Shaer, A.E., Guesdon, W., Torres, M.J., Armstrong, M., Quinn, K., Resolvin E1 derived from eicosapentaenoic acid prevents hyperinsulinemia hyperglycemia in a host genetic manner FASEB J, , 32579292, (in press; Bashir, S., Sharma, Y., Jairajpuri, D., Rashid, F., Nematullah, M., Khan, F., Alteration of adipose tissue immune cell milieu towards the suppression of inflammation in high fat diet fed mice by flaxseed oil supplementation (2019) PLoS ONE, 14, p. e0223070. , 31622373; Pascoal, L.B., Bombassaro, B., Ramalho, A.F., Coope, A., Moura, R.F., Correa-da-Silva, F., Resolvin RvD2 reduces hypothalamic inflammation and rescues mice from diet-induced obesity (2017) J Neuroinflamm, 14, p. 5. , 28086928; Neuhofer, A., Zeyda, M., Mascher, D., Itariu, B.K., Murano, I., Leitner, L., Impaired local production of proresolving lipid mediators in obesity and 17-HDHA as a potential treatment for obesity-associated inflammation (2013) Diabetes, 62, pp. 1945-1956. , 23349501; Echeverria, F., Valenzuela, R., Espinosa, A., Bustamante, A., Alvarez, D., Gonzalez-Manan, D., Reduction of high-fat diet-induced liver proinflammatory state by eicosapentaenoic acid plus hydroxytyrosol supplementation: involvement of resolvins RvE1/2 and RvD1/2 (2019) J Nutr Biochem, 63, pp. 35-43. , 30321750; Tang, Y., Zhang, M.J., Hellmann, J., Kosuri, M., Bhatnagar, A., Spite, M., Proresolution therapy for the treatment of delayed healing of diabetic wounds (2013) Diabetes, 62, pp. 618-627. , 23043160; Miao, T., Huang, B., He, N., Sun, L., Du, G., Gong, X., Decreased plasma maresin 1 concentration is associated with diabetic foot ulcer (2020) Mediators Inflamm, 2020, p. 4539035. , 32377160; Barden, A., Shinde, S., Tsai, I.J., Croft, K.D., Beilin, L.J., Puddey, I.B., Effect of weight loss on neutrophil resolvins in the metabolic syndrome (2019) Prost Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 148, pp. 25-29. , 31492430; González-Périz, A., Horrillo, R., Ferré, N., Gronert, K., Dong, B., Morán-Salvador, E., Obesity-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis are alleviated by ω-3 fatty acids: a role for resolvins and protectins (2009) FASEB J, 23, pp. 1946-1957. , 19211925; Lohner, S., Fekete, K., Marosvolgyi, T., Decsi, T., Gender differences in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status: systematic review of 51 publications (2013) Ann Nutr Metab, 62, pp. 98-112. , 23327902; Rathod, K.S., Kapil, V., Velmurugan, S., Khambata, R.S., Siddique, U., Khan, S., Accelerated resolution of inflammation underlies sex differences in inflammatory responses in humans (2017) J Clin Investig, 127, pp. 169-182. , 27893465; Jin, J.M., Bai, P., He, W., Wu, F., Liu, X.F., Han, D.M., Gender differences in patients with COVID-19: focus on severity and mortality (2020) Front Public Health, 8, p. 152. , 32411652; Martinez-Fernandez, L., Gonzalez-Muniesa, P., Laiglesia, L.M., Sainz, N., Prieto-Hontoria, P.L., Escote, X., Maresin 1 improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates adipose tissue inflammation in ob/ob and diet-induced obese mice (2017) FASEB J, 31, pp. 2135-2145. , 28188173; Conticini, E., Frediani, B., Caro, D., Can atmospheric pollution be considered a co-factor in extremely high level of SARS-CoV-2 lethality in Northern Italy? (2020) Environ Pollut, 261, p. 114465. , 32268945; Wu, X., Nethery, R.C., Sabath, B.M., Braun, D., Dominici, F., Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: A nationwide cross-sectional study (2020) medRxiv [preprint], , 32511651; Cui, Y., Zhang, Z.F., Froines, J., Zhao, J., Wang, H., Yu, S.Z., Air pollution and case fatality of SARS in the People's Republic of China: an ecologic study (2003) Environ Health, 2, p. 15. , 14629774; Seo, M.Y., Kim, S.H., Park, M.J., Air pollution and childhood obesity (2020) Clin Exp Pediatr, , 32252142, [Epub ahead of print]; Alemayehu, Y.A., Asfaw, S.L., Terfie, T.A., Exposure to urban particulate matter and its association with human health risks (2020) Environ Sci Pollut Res, 27, pp. 27491-27506. , 32410189; Bennett, W.D., Hazucha, M.J., Folinsbee, L.J., Bromberg, P.A., Kissling, G.E., London, S.J., Acute pulmonary function response to ozone in young adults as a function of body mass index (2007) Inhal Toxicol, 19, pp. 1147-1154. , 17987466; Williams, A.S., Mathews, J.A., Kasahara, D.I., Wurmbrand, A.P., Chen, L., Shore, S.A., Innate and ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in obese mice: role of TNF-alpha (2015) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 308, pp. L1168-L1177. , 25840999; Mancuso, P., Obesity and lung inflammation (2010) J Appl Physiol, 108, pp. 722-728. , 19875709; Kilburg-Basnyat, B., Reece, S.W., Crouch, M.J., Luo, B., Boone, A.D., Yaeger, M., Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate ozone-induced pulmonary and systemic inflammation (2018) Toxicol Sci, 163, pp. 466-477. , 29471542; Alqahtani, S., Kobos, L.M., Xia, L., Ferreira, C., Franco, J., Du, X., Exacerbation of nanoparticle-induced acute pulmonary inflammation in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome (2020) Front Immunol, 11, p. 818. , 32457752; Panigrahy, D., Gilligan, M.M., Huang, S., Gartung, A., Cortes-Puch, I., Sime, P.J., Inflammation resolution: a dual-pronged approach to averting cytokine storms in COVID-19? (2020) Cancer Metastasis Rev, 39, pp. 337-340. , 32385712; Serhan, C.N., Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology (2014) Nature, 510, pp. 92-101. , 24899309; Costela-Ruiz, V.J., Illescas-Montes, R., Puerta-Puerta, J.M., Ruiz, C., Melguizo-Rodriguez, L., SARS-CoV-2 infection: The role of cytokines in COVID-19 disease (2020) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, , 32513566, [Epub ahead of print]; Tay, M.Z., Poh, C.M., Renia, L., MacAry, P.A., Ng, L.F.P., The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention (2020) Nat Rev Immunol, 20, pp. 363-374. , 32346093; Croasdell, A., Lacy, S.H., Thatcher, T.H., Sime, P.J., Phipps, R.P., Resolvin D1 dampens pulmonary inflammation and promotes clearance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (2016) J Immunol, 196, pp. 2742-2752. , 26843331; Souza, P.R., Marques, R.M., Gomez, E.A., Colas, R.A., De Matteis, R., Zak, A., Enriched marine oil supplements increase peripheral blood specialized pro-resolving mediators concentrations and reprogram host immune responses: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study (2020) Circulation Res, 126, pp. 75-90. , 31829100; Quiros, M., Feier, D., Birkl, D., Agarwal, R., Zhou, D.W., Garcia, A.J., Resolvin E1 is a pro-repair molecule that promotes intestinal epithelial wound healing (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 117, pp. 9477-9482. , 32300016; Suratt, B.T., Ubags, N.D.J., Rastogi, D., Tantisira, K.G., Marsland, B.J., Petrache, I., An official american thoracic society workshop report: obesity and metabolism. An emerging frontier in lung health and disease (2017) Ann Am Thorac Soc, 14, pp. 1050-1059. , 28570148; Marchix, J., Catheline, D., Duby, C., Monthean-Boulier, N., Boissel, F., Pedrono, F., Interactive effects of maternal and weaning high linoleic acid intake on hepatic lipid metabolism, oxylipins profile and hepatic steatosis in offspring (2020) J Nutr Biochem, 75, p. 108241. , 31715523; Jandacek, R.J., Linoleic acid: a nutritional quandary (2017) Healthcare, 5, p. 25. , 28531128; Raman, M., Almutairdi, A., Mulesa, L., Alberda, C., Beattie, C., Gramlich, L., Parenteral nutrition and lipids (2017) Nutrients, 9, p. 388. , 28420095 PY - 2020 SN - 16643224 (ISSN) ST - Obesity-Driven Deficiencies of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators May Drive Adverse Outcomes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection T2 - Frontiers in Immunology TI - Obesity-Driven Deficiencies of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators May Drive Adverse Outcomes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090044593&doi=10.3389%2ffimmu.2020.01997&partnerID=40&md5=7b36417d9f9880474492627118e72992 VL - 11 ID - 411 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States AU - Palmquist, A. E. L. AU - Asiodu, I. V. AU - Quinn, E. A. C2 - 32761732 C7 - e23481 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/ajhb.23481 IS - 5 J2 - Am. J. Human Biol. KW - Betacoronavirus breast feeding Coronavirus infection disease transmission global health human pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Disease Transmission, Infectious Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJHUE Correspondence Address: Palmquist, A.E.L.; Department of Maternal and Child Health, United States; email: apalmquist@unc.edu References: Allers, K.S., (2020) Covid-19 restrictions on Birth & Breastfeeding: Disproportionately harming black and native women. Women's ENews. Retrieved from, , https://womensenews.org/2020/03/covid-19-restrictions-on-birth-breastfeeding-disproportionately-harming-black-and-native-women/, March 27); Breastfeeding and the use of human Milk (2012) Pediatrics, 129 (3), pp. e827-e841. , https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3552; Angood, C., (2017) Operational Guidance On Infant Feeding in Emergencies (OG-IFE) version 3.0. Retrieved from, , www.ennonline.net/operationalguidance-v3-2017; Arvelo, W., Kim, A., Creek, T., Legwaila, K., Puhr, N., Johnston, S., Bowen, A., Case-control study to determine risk factors for diarrhea among children during a large outbreak in a country with a high prevalence of HIV infection (2010) International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID: Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 14 (11), pp. e1002-e1007. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2010.06.014; Benton, A., (2016) HIV exceptionalism: Development through disease in Sierra Leone, p. 2016. , https://catalog.lib.unc.edu/catalog/UNCb8597861, (p., Retrieved from)., Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press; Bridges, K.M., (2011) Reproducing race: An ethnography of pregnancy as a site of racialization, , https://catalog.lib.unc.edu/catalog/UNCb8713665, Berkeley, CA London, University of California Press, Retrieved from; Cassidy, T.M., El Tom, A., (2015) Ethnographies of Breastfeeding: Cultural Contexts and Confrontations., , (Eds.). (, London, Bloomsbury; Chambers, C.D., Krogstad, P., Bertrand, K., Contreras, D., Bode, L., Tobin, N., Aldrovandi, G., Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk from 18 infected women (2020) MedRxiv, Version 1. (Preprint.). , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.20127944; Colt, S., Garcia-Casal, M.N., Peña-Rosas, J.P., Finkelstein, J.L., Rayco-Solon, P., Prinzo, Z.C.W., Mehta, S., Transmission of Zika virus through breast milk and other breastfeeding-related bodily-fluids: A systematic review (2017) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11 (4). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005528; (2020), http://hopkinshumanitarianhealth.org/empower/advocacy/covid-19/covid-19-children-and-nutrition/, Center for Humanitarian Health (,) COVID-19, Maternal and Child Health, Nutrition repository. Johns Hopkins University, Center for Humanitarian Health. Retrieved; Creek, T.L., Kim, A., Lu, L., Bowen, A., Masunge, J., Arvelo, W., Davis, M.K., Hospitalization and mortality among primarily nonbreastfed children during a large outbreak of diarrhea and malnutrition in Botswana, 2006 (2010) Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999), 53 (1), pp. 14-19. , https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181bdf676; Davis-Floyd, R., Gutschow, K., Schwartz, D.A., Pregnancy, birth and the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2020) Medical Anthropology, 39 (5), pp. 413-427. , https://doi.org/10.1080/01459740.2020.1761804; Fan, C., Lei, D., Fang, C., Li, C., Wang, M., Liu, Y., Wang, S., Perinatal transmission of COVID-19 associated SARS-CoV-2: Should we worry? (2020) Clinical Infectious Diseases, ciaa226 (preprint). , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa226; Foeller, M.E., do Valle, C.C.R., Foeller, T.M., Oladapo, O.T., Roos, E., Thorson, A.E., Pregnancy and breastfeeding in the context of Ebola: A systematic review (2020) The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30194-8; Fox, A., Marino, J., Amanat, F., Krammer, F., Hahn-Holbrook, J., Zolla-Pazner, S., Powell, R.L., Evidence of a significant secretory-IgA-dominant SARS-CoV-2 immune response in human milk following recovery from COVID-19 (2020) MedRxiv, (preprint). , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.04.20089995; Franklin, S., Science as culture, cultures of science (1995) Annual Review of Anthropology, 24 (1), pp. 163-184. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.001115; Furlow, B., US NICUs and donor milk banks brace for COVID-19 (2020) The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4 (5), p. 355. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30103-6; Furlow, B., (2020) A hospital's secret coronavirus policy separated native American mothers from their newborns, , https://www.propublica.org/article/a-hospitals-secret-coronavirus-policy-separated-native-american-mothers-from-their-newborns?token=UjIpast_oI5NPhtcruH0nT7LW2b6p1X3, June 13)., ProPublica, Retrieved from; Gribble, K.D., Supporting the Most vulnerable through appropriate infant and young child feeding in emergencies (2017) Journal of Human Lactation, 34, pp. 40-46. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334417741469; Gribble, K.D., Supporting the most vulnerable through appropriate infant and young child feeding in emergencies (2017) Journal of Human Lactation, 34 (1), pp. 1-7. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334417741469; Gribble, K.D., McGrath, M., MacLaine, A., Lhotska, L., Supporting breastfeeding in emergencies: Protecting women's reproductive rights and maternal and infant health (2011) Disasters, 35 (4), pp. 720-738. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01239.x; Gross, M.S., Taylor, H.A., Tomori, C., Coleman, J.S., Breastfeeding with HIV: An evidence-based case for new policy (2019) The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics: A Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine Ethics, 47 (1), pp. 152-160. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110519840495; Groß, R., Conzelmann, C., Müller, J.A., Stenger, S., Steinhart, K., Kirchhoff, F., Münch, J., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breastmilk (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10239), pp. 1757-1758. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31181-8; Hahn, R.A., Kleinman, A., Biomedical Practice & Anthropological Theory: Frameworks and directions (1983) Annual Review of Anthropology, 12, pp. 305-333. , http://search.proquest.com/docview/61061667?pq-origsite=summon, Retrieved from; Hall, K.S., Samari, G., Garbers, S., Casey, S.E., Diallo, D.D., Orcutt, M., McGovern, T., Centring sexual and reproductive health and justice in the global COVID-19 response (2020) Lancet (London, England), 395 (10231), pp. 1175-1177. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30801-1; Hardeman, R.R., Murphy, K.A., Karbeah, J., Kozhimannil, K.B., Naming institutionalized racism in the public health literature: A systematic literature review (2018) Public Health Reports, 133 (3), pp. 240-249. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354918760574; Hausman, B.L., (2011) Viral mothers: Breastfeeding in the age of HIV/AIDS, , Ann Arbor, MI, University of Michigan Press; Hinde, K., Milligan, L.A., Primate milk: Proximate mechanisms and ultimate perspectives (2011) Evolutionary Anthropology, 20 (1), pp. 9-23. , https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.20289; Hooper, M.W., Nápoles, A.M., Pérez-Stable, E.J., COVID-19 and racial/ethnic disparities (2020) Journal of the American Medical Association, 323, p. 2466. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.8598; Inhorn, M.C., Brown, P.J., The anthropology of infectious disease (1990) Annual Review of Anthropology, 19 (1), pp. 89-117. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.19.100190.000513; Klein, L.D., Huang, J., Quinn, E.A., Martin, M.A., Breakey, A.A., Gurven, M., Hinde, K., Variation among populations in the immune protein composition of mother's milk reflects subsistence pattern (2018) Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 2018 (1), pp. 230-245. , https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoy031; Lackey, K.A., Pace, R.M., Williams, J.E., Bode, L., Donovan, S.M., Järvinen, K.M., McGuire, M.K., SARS-CoV-2 and human milk: What is the evidence? (2020) Maternal & Child Nutrition, (preprint). , https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13032; López, J.M.D., Maintaining the flow: Medical challenges to breastfeeding and “risky” bodies in Mexico (2019) Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 33 (3), pp. 403-419. , https://doi.org/10.1111/maq.12511; Lock, M., Cultivating the body: Anthropology and epistemologies of bodily practice and knowledge (1993) Annual Review of Anthropology, 22, pp. 133-155. , https://www.jstor.org/stable/2155843; Lock, M., Nguyen, V.-K., (2010) An Anthropology of Biomedicine., , (Eds.). (, Chichester, West Sussex; Malden, MA, Wiley-Blackwell; Mach, O., Lu, L., Creek, T., Bowen, A., Arvelo, W., Smit, M., Handzel, T., Population-based study of a widespread outbreak of diarrhea associated with increased mortality and malnutrition in Botswana, January-March, 2006 (2009) The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 80 (5), pp. 812-818; Martin, E., Anthropology and the cultural study of science (2016) Science, Technology & Human Values, 23, pp. 24-44. , http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/016224399802300102, Retrieved from; Martins-Filho, P.R., Santos, V.S., Santos, H.P., To breastfeed or not to breastfeed? Lack of evidence on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk of pregnant women with COVID-19 (2020) Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 44, p. 1. , https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.59; McLemore, M.R., Asiodu, I., Crear-Perry, J., Davis, D.A., Drew, M., Hardeman, R.R., Scott, K.A., Race, research, and Womenʼs health: Best practice guidelines for investigators (2019) Obstetrics & Gynecology, 134 (2), pp. 422-423. , https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003393; Miller, E., Ecological immunity of human milk: Life history perspectives from the United States and Kenya (2018) American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 167 (2), pp. 389-399. , https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23639; Miller, E.M., Aiello, M.O., Fujita, M., Hinde, K., Milligan, L., Quinn, E.A., Field and laboratory methods in human milk research (2013) American Journal of Human Biology, 25 (1), pp. 1-11. , https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22334; Mullings, L., Wali, A., (2001) Stress and resilience: The Social Context of Reproduction in Central Harlem, , New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; Nduati, R., John, G., Breast milk transmission of HIV-1 (1995) NARESA Monograph, Dec. (18), pp. 1-3; Owens, D.C., Fett, S.M., Black maternal and infant health: Historical legacies of slavery (2019) American Journal of Public Health, 109 (10), pp. 1342-1345. , https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2019.305243; Palmquist, A.E.L., Consuming immunities: Milk sharing and the social life of passive immunity (2017) Breastfeeding: New anthropological approaches, pp. 40-54. , C. Tomori, A. E. L. Palmquist, E. Quinn, (Eds.),, London, Routledge; Palmquist, A.E.L., Holdren, S.M., Fair, C.D., (2020) It was all taken away: Lactation, embodiment, and resistance among mothers caring for their very-low-birth-weight infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Social Science & Medicine, 244, p. 112648. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112648; Poteat, T., Millett, G.A., Nelson, L.E., Beyrer, C., Understanding COVID-19 risks and vulnerabilities among black communities in America: The lethal force of syndemics (2020) Annals of Epidemiology, 47, pp. 1-3. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.004; Power, M.L., Schulkin, J., (2016) Milk: The biology of lactation, , Baltimore, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press; Quinn, E.A., Bista, K.D., Childs, G., Milk at altitude: Human milk macronutrient composition in a high-altitude adapted population of Tibetans (2016) American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 159 (2), pp. 233-243. , https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22871; Quinn, E.A., Childs, G., Ecological pressures and milk metabolic hormones of ethnic Tibetans living at different altitudes (2017) Annals of Human Biology, 44 (1), pp. 34-45. , https://doi.org/10.3109/03014460.2016.1153144; Rhodes, L.A., (1990), pp. 165-180. , Studying Biomedicine as a Cultural System. Medical Anthropology Contemporary Theory and Method In C. F. Sargent & T. M. Johnson (Eds.), (). Westport, CT Praeger; Roberts, D., (2011) Fatal Invention, , https://thenewpress.com/books/fatal-invention, New York, The New Press, Retrieved from; Sangaramoorthy, T., (2014) Treating AIDS: Politics of difference, paradox of prevention, , http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/unc/detail.action?docID=1677574, New Brunswick, United States, Rutgers University Press, Retrieved from; Sangaramoorthy, T., (2020) From HIV to COVID19: Anthropology, urgency, and the politics of engagement, , http://somatosphere.net/2020/from-hiv-to-covid19-anthropology-urgency-and-the-politics-of-engagement.html/, May 1)., Retrieved from; Scott, K.A., Bray, S., McLemore, M.R., First, do no harm: Why philanthropy needs to re-examine its role in reproductive equity and racial justice (2020) Health Equity, 4 (1), pp. 17-22. , https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2019.0094; Skloot, R., (2011) The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks (1st pbk. Ed.), , https://catalog.lib.unc.edu/catalog/UNCb7021913, New York, Retrieved from, Broadway Paperbacks, c2011; Tallbear, K., (2013) Native American DNA: Tribal Belonging and the False Promise of Genetic Science, , Ann Arbor, MI, University of Minnesota Press; Thior, I., Lockman, S., Smeaton, L.M., Shapiro, R.L., Wester, C., Heymann, S.J., Breastfeeding plus infant zidovudine prophylaxis for 6 months vs formula feeding plus infant zidovudine for 1 month to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission in Botswana: A randomized trial: The Mashi study (2006) JAMA, 296 (7), pp. 794-805. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.7.794; Tomori, C., (2015) Nighttime breastfeeding: An American cultural dilemma, , New York, Berghann Books; Tomori, C., Gribble, K., Palmquist, A.E.L., Ververs, M.-T., Gross, M.S., When separation is not the answer: Breastfeeding mothers and infants affected by COVID-19 (2020) Maternal & Child Nutrition, e13033 (preprint). , https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13033; Tomori, C., Palmquist, A.E.L., Dowling, S., Contested moral landscapes: Negotiating breastfeeding stigma in breastmilk sharing, nighttime breastfeeding, and long-term breastfeeding in the U.S. and the U.K (2016) Social Science & Medicine, 168, pp. 178-185. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.014; Tomori, C., Palmquist, A.E.L., Quinn, E.A., (2018) Breastfeeding: New Anthropological Approaches., , (Eds.). (, London, Routledge; Torres, J.B., Race, rare genetic variants, and the science of human difference in the post-genomic age (2019) Transforming Anthropology, 27 (1), pp. 37-49. , https://doi.org/10.1111/traa.12144; Tuthill, E.L., Tomori, C., Natta, M.V., Coleman, J.S., “In the United States, we say, ‘no breastfeeding,’ but that is no longer realistic”: Provider perspectives towards infant feeding among women living with HIV in the United States (2019) Journal of the International AIDS Society, 22 (1). , https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25224; van Dorn, A., Cooney, R.E., Sabin, M.L., COVID-19 exacerbating inequalities in the US (2020) Lancet (London, England), 395 (10232), pp. 1243-1244. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30893-X; Van Esterik, P., What flows through us: Rethinking breastfeeding as product and process (2015) Ethnographies of Breastfeeding: Cultural Contexts and Confrontations (pp. xv–xxiii), , T. M. Cassidy, &, A. El Tom, (Eds.),, London, Bloomsbury Press; Van Hollen, C., Breast or bottle? HIV-positive women's responses to global health policy on infant feeding in India (2011) Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 25 (4), pp. 499-518; Victora, C.G., Bahl, R., Barros, A.J.D., França, G.V.A., Horton, S., Krasevec, J., Rollins, N.C., Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect (2016) The Lancet, 387 (10017), pp. 475-490. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7; Walker, K.F., O'Donoghue, K., Grace, N., Dorling, J., Comeau, J.L., Li, W., Thornton, J.G., Maternal transmission of SARS-COV-2 to the neonate, and possible routes for such transmission: A systematic review and critical analysis (2020) BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, , https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16362; (2016) Guideline: Infant feeding in areas of Zika virus transmission, , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK374141/, Geneva, World Health Organization, Retrieved from; (2020) Guidelines for the management of pregnant and breastfeeding women in the context of Ebola virus disease, , http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/ebola-pregnant-and-breastfeeding-women/en/, Geneva, World Health Organization, Retrieved from; WHO (N.D.) COVID-19 Research, , http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/research/covid-19/en/, Retrieved from; Breast-feeding/breast milk and human immunodeficiency virus (1987) Article WHO/SPA/INF/87.8., , https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/60788; Wilce, J.M., Jr., (2003) Social and Cultural Lives of Immune Systems., , London, New York, Routledge; Wu, Y., Liu, C., Dong, L., Zhang, C., Chen, Y., Liu, J., Huang, H., Coronavirus disease 2019 among pregnant Chinese women: Case series data on the safety of vaginal birth and breastfeeding (2020) BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 127, pp. 1109-1115. , https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16276; Zuckerman, M.K., Harper, K.N., Barrett, R., Armelagos, G.J., The evolution of disease: Anthropological perspectives on epidemiologic transitions (2014) Global Health Action, 7. , https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.23303 PY - 2020 SN - 10420533 (ISSN) ST - The COVID-19 liquid gold rush: Critical perspectives of human milk and SARS-CoV-2 infection T2 - American Journal of Human Biology TI - The COVID-19 liquid gold rush: Critical perspectives of human milk and SARS-CoV-2 infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089096832&doi=10.1002%2fajhb.23481&partnerID=40&md5=d4ec63dc391bc9e3501a7ecbac9b29d0 VL - 32 ID - 392 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Palmquist, A. E. L. AU - Parry, K. C. AU - Wouk, K. AU - Lawless, G. C. AU - Smith, J. L. AU - Smetana, A. R. AU - Bourg, J. F. AU - Hendricks, M. J. AU - Sullivan, C. S. C2 - 32926659 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/0890334420959292 10.1177/0890334417741469, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29166567; Labbok, M.H., Taylor, E.C., Nickel, N.C., Implementing the ten steps to successful breastfeeding in multiple hospitals serving low-wealth patients in the US: Innovative research design and baseline findings (2013) International Breastfeeding Journal, 8 (1). , doi:10.1186/1746-4358-8-5, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23688264; (2020) Governor Cooper Announces Statewide Stay at Home Order Until April 29. Retrieved from the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services (NCDHHS) website:, , https://www.ncdhhs.gov/news/press-releases/governor-cooper-announces-statewide-stay-home-order-until-april-29; Parry, K.C., Tully, K.P., Hopper, L.N., Schildkamp, P.E., Labbok, M.H., Evaluation of Ready, Set, BABY: A prenatal breastfeeding education and counseling approach (2019) Birth, 46 (1), pp. 113-120. , doi:10.1111/birt.12393, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30191591; Taylor, E.C., Nickel, N.C., Labbok, M.H., Implementing the ten steps for successful breastfeeding in hospitals serving low-wealth patients (2012) American Journal of Public Health, 102 (12), pp. 2262-2268. , doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300769, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23078473; (2020) Infant & young child feeding in the context of COVID-19. Retrieved from the Emergency Nutrition Network (ENN) website:, , www.ennonline.net/covid19iycfbrief; (2020) Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when COVID-19 is suspected. Retrieved from the WHO website:, , https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected IS - 4 J2 - J. Human Lactation KW - breastfeeding COVID-19 lactation training prenatal breastfeeding education telehealth breast feeding childbirth education curriculum female human Internet pregnancy prevention and control procedures telemedicine United States Humans Prenatal Education LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JHLAE Correspondence Address: Palmquist, A.E.L.; Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, United States; email: apalmquist@unc.edu Funding details: Duke Endowment Funding details: W.K. Kellogg Foundation, WKKF Funding text 1: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Personnel support for Ready, Set, Baby live is made possible by the ENRICH Carolinas Project, funded by The Duke Endowment. The curriculum was originally funded by the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. PY - 2020 SN - 08903344 (ISSN) SP - 614-618 ST - Ready, Set, BABY Live Virtual Prenatal Breastfeeding Education for COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Human Lactation TI - Ready, Set, BABY Live Virtual Prenatal Breastfeeding Education for COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090992628&doi=10.1177%2f0890334420959292&partnerID=40&md5=f3ab60f49d36f0f36476fc16eda16005 VL - 36 ID - 306 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Maintaining compliance with personal preventive measures is important to achieve a balance of COVID-19 pandemic control and work resumption. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported compliance with four personal measures to prevent COVID-19 among a sample of factory workers in Shenzhen, China, at the beginning of work resumption in China following the COVID-19 outbreak. These preventive measures included consistent wearing of face masks in public spaces (the workplace and other public settings); sanitizing hands using soap, liquid soap, or alcohol-based hand sanitizer after returning from public spaces or touching public installations and equipment; avoiding social and meal gatherings; and avoiding crowded places. Methods: The participants were adult factory workers who had resumed work in Shenzhen, China. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design was used. We randomly selected 14 factories that had resumed work. All full-time employees aged ≥18 years who had resumed work in these factories were invited to complete a web-based survey. Out of 4158 workers who had resumed work in these factories, 3035 (73.0%) completed the web-based survey from March 1 to 14, 2020. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted. Results: Among the 3035 participants, 2938 (96.8%) and 2996 (98.7%) reported always wearing a face mask in the workplace and in other public settings, respectively, in the past month. However, frequencies of self-reported sanitizing hands (2152/3035, 70.9%), avoiding social and meal gatherings (2225/3035, 73.3%), and avoiding crowded places (1997/3035, 65.8%) were relatively low. At the individual level, knowledge about COVID-19 (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] from 1.16, CI 1.10-1.24, to 1.29, CI 1.21-1.37), perceived risk (AORs from 0.58, CI 0.50-0.68, to 0.85, CI 0.72-0.99) and severity (AOR 1.05, CI 1.01-1.09, and AOR 1.07, CI 1.03-1.11) of COVID-19, perceived effectiveness of preventive measures by the individual (AORs from 1.05, CI 1.00-1.10, to 1.09, CI 1.04-1.13), organization (AOR 1.30, CI 1.20-1.41), and government (AORs from 1.14, CI 1.04-1.25, to 1.21, CI 1.02-1.42), perceived preparedness for a potential outbreak after work resumption (AORs from 1.10, CI 1.00-1.21, to 1.50, CI 1.36-1.64), and depressive symptoms (AORs from 0.93, CI 0.91-0.94, to 0.96, CI 0.92-0.99) were associated with self-reported compliance with at least one personal preventive measure. At the interpersonal level, exposure to COVID-19-specific information through official media channels (AOR 1.08, CI 1.04-1.11) and face-to-face communication (AOR 0.90, CI 0.83-0.98) were associated with self-reported sanitizing of hands. The number of preventive measures implemented in the workplace was positively associated with self-reported compliance with all four preventive measures (AORs from 1.30, CI 1.08-1.57, to 1.63, CI 1.45-1.84). Conclusions: Measures are needed to strengthen hand hygiene and physical distancing among factory workers to reduce transmission following work resumption. Future programs in workplaces should address these factors at multiple levels. ©Yihang Pan, Yuan Fang, Meiqi Xin, Willa Dong, Liemin Zhou, Qinghua Hou, Fanping Li, Gang Sun, Zilong Zheng, Jinqiu Yuan, Zixin Wang, Yulong He. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 29.09.2020. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) AD - Big Data Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China Department of Early Childhood Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Neurology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China Department of Endocrinology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China Department of Clinical Nutrition, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China Clinical Research Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China Center for Digestive Disease, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China AU - Pan, Y. AU - Fang, Y. AU - Xin, M. AU - Dong, W. AU - Zhou, L. AU - Hou, Q. AU - Li, F. AU - Sun, G. AU - Zheng, Z. AU - Yuan, J. AU - Wang, Z. AU - He, Y. C2 - 32924947 C7 - e22457 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2196/22457 IS - 9 J2 - J. Med. Internet Res. KW - Compliance COVID-19 Cross-sectional Facemask wearing Factory workers Hand hygiene Online Physical distancing Prevention Survey Work resumption adult Betacoronavirus China Coronavirus infection cross-sectional study employment epidemic female health survey human infection control male occupational health odds ratio pandemic procedures self report virus pneumonia workplace young adult Coronavirus Infections Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Outbreaks Health Surveys Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: He, Y.; Center for Digestive Disease, No. 628 Zhenyuan Road, China; email: heyulong@mail.sysu.edu.cn Funding details: Sun Yat-sen University, SYSU, 392012 Funding details: National Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC, 2018YFA0902801 Funding text 1: This study was funded by the Startup Fund of 100 Top Talents Program, Sun Yat-sen University (grant number 392012) and the National Key Research and Development Program (grant number 2018YFA0902801). References: (2020) Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports, World Health Organization. [accessed 2020-09-17]; (2020) Office of Shenzhen Headquarters for Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Epidemic Caused by Novel Coronavirus, , http://fao.sz.gov.cn/ydmh/xxgk/zyxw/202002/t20200205_18998951.htm, A Letter to Enterprises in Shenzhen. Feb 02. [accessed 2020-09-17]; (2020) The State Council's joint prevention and control mechanism issued a notice calling for the effective strengthening of scientific epidemic prevention and control and orderly resumption of work and production of enterprises, , http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/09/content_5476550.htm, Webpage in Chinese. Government of the People's Republic of China. Feb 09. [accessed 2020-09-17]; Chinese National Bureau of Statistics, , http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/202004/t20200417_1739602.html, 2020 first quarter GDP. 2020 Apr 18. [accessed 2020-09-17]; Zhang, L, Shen, M, Ma, X, Su, S, Gong, W, Wang, J, What is required to prevent a second major outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 upon lifting the metropolitan-wide quarantine of Wuhan city, China (2020) medRxiv, , Mar 30:preprint. [doi]; Esposito, S, Principi, N, Leung, CC, Migliori, GB., Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19: evidence and implications for prevention policies (2020) Eur Respir J, 55 (6), p. 2001260. , Jun; [doi] [Medline: 32350103]; Recommendations to Member States to improve hand hygiene practices to help prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 virus, , https://www.who.int/publications-detail/recommendations-to-member-states-to-improve-hand-hygiene-practices-to-help-prevent-the-transmission-of-the-covid-19-virus, World Health Organization. 2020 Apr 01. [accessed 2020-09-17]; Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public, World Health Organization. [accessed 2020-09-17]; Wipatayotin, A., 70% Thais stick to social distancing (2020) Bangkok Post, , https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1891290/70-thais-stick-to-social-distancing, Apr 02. [accessed 2020-09-17]; Briscese, G, Lacetera, N, Macis, M, Tonin, M., Compliance with COVID-19 social-distancing measures in Italy: the role of expectation and duration (2020) National Bureau of Economic Research, , https://www.nber.org/papers/w26916, Mar. [accessed 2020-09-17]; Maharaj, S, Kleczkowski, A., Controlling epidemic spread by social distancing: do it well or not at all (2012) BMC Public Health, 12, p. 679. , Aug 20;:. [doi] [Medline: 22905965]; Chang, S, Harding, N, Zachreson, C, Cliff, O, Prokopenko, M., Modelling transmission and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, , https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.10218, arXiv. 2020 Mar 23. [accessed 2020-09-17]; McLeroy, KR, Bibeau, D, Steckler, A, Glanz, K., An ecological perspective on health promotion programs (1988) Health Educ Q, 15 (4), pp. 351-377. , [doi] [Medline: 3068205]; Kwok, KO, Li, KK, Chan, HHH, Yi, YY, Tang, A, Wei, WI, Community Responses during Early Phase of COVID-19 Epidemic, Hong Kong (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26 (7), pp. 1575-1579. , Jul; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32298227]; Park, J, Cheong, H, Son, D, Kim, S, Ha, C., Perceptions and behaviors related to hand hygiene for the prevention of H1N1 influenza transmission among Korean university students during the peak pandemic period (2010) BMC Infect Dis, 10, p. 222. , Jul 28;: [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 20663229]; Lau, JT, Griffiths, S, Choi, KC, Tsui, HY., Avoidance behaviors and negative psychological responses in the general population in the initial stage of the H1N1 pandemic in Hong Kong (2010) BMC Infect Dis, 10, p. 139. , May 28;: [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 20509887]; Lau, JTF, Yang, X, Tsui, H, Pang, E, Kim, JH., SARS preventive and risk behaviours of Hong Kong air travellers (2004) Epidemiol Infect, 132 (4), pp. 727-736. , Aug; [doi] [Medline: 15310175]; Lau, JTF, Yang, X, Tsui, HY, Pang, E., SARS related preventive and risk behaviours practised by Hong Kong-mainland China cross border travellers during the outbreak of the SARS epidemic in Hong Kong (2004) J Epidemiol Community Health, 58 (12), pp. 988-996. , Dec; [doi] [Medline: 15547057]; Wang, C, Pan, R, Wan, X, Tan, Y, Xu, L, Ho, CS, Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (5), p. 1729. , 2020 Mar 06; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32155789]; Qiu, J, Shen, B, Zhao, M, Wang, Z, Xie, B, Xu, Y., A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations (2020) Gen Psych, 33 (2), p. e100213. , Mar 06; [doi]; Qian, M, Wu, Q, Wu, P, Hou, Z, Liang, Y, Cowling, BJ, Psychological responses, behavioral changes and public perceptions during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a population based cross-sectional survey (2020) medRxiv, , Feb 20:preprint. [doi]; Seo, M., Amplifying Panic and Facilitating Prevention: Multifaceted Effects of Traditional and Social Media Use During the 2015 MERS Crisis in South Korea (2019) Journal Mass Commun Q, p. 1077699019857693. , Jul 26:. [doi]; Ludolph, R, Schulz, P, Chen, L., Investigating the Effects of Mass Media Exposure on the Uptake of Preventive Measures by Hong Kong Residents during the 2015 MERS Outbreak: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Communication and the Perception of Concern (2018) J Health Commun, 23 (1), pp. 1-8. , [doi] [Medline: 29261430]; (2019) Statistics Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality, , http://tjj.sz.gov.cn/attachment/0/695/695422/7971762.pdf, Shenzhen Statistics Yearbook 2020 Aug 04. [accessed 2020-09-21]; Wang, W, Bian, Q, Zhao, Y, Li, X, Wang, W, Du, J, Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population (2014) Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 36 (5), pp. 539-544. , [doi] [Medline: 25023953]; Han, J, Jia, P, Huang, Y, Gao, B, Yu, B, Yang, S, Association between social capital and mental health among older people living with HIV: the Sichuan Older HIV-Infected Cohort Study (SOHICS) (2020) BMC Public Health, 20 (1), p. 581. , Apr 28; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32345273]; Joliffe, I, Morgan, B., Principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis (1992) Stat Methods Med Res, 1 (1), pp. 69-95. , [doi] [Medline: 1341653]; Cowling, B, Ali, S, Ng, T, Tsang, TK, Li, JCM, Fong, MW, Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: an observational study (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5 (5), pp. e279-e288. , May; [doi]; Stewart, GL, Courtright, SH, Barrick, MR., Peer-based control in self-managing teams: linking rational and normative influence with individual and group performance (2012) J Appl Psychol, 97 (2), pp. 435-447. , Mar; [doi] [Medline: 21895352]; Folkman, S, Chesney, MA, Pollack, L, Phillips, C., Stress, coping, and high-risk sexual behavior (1992) Health Psychology, 11 (4), pp. 218-222. , [doi]; https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/countering-misinformation-about-covid-19, Countering misinformation about COVID-19. World Health Organization. 2020 May 11. [accessed 2020-09-17]; Face masks and coverings for the general public: behavioral knowledge, effectiveness of cloth covering and public messaging, , https://royalsociety.org/-/media/policy/projects/set-c/set-c-facemasks.pdf?la=en-GB&hash=A22A87CB28F7D6AD9BD93BBCBFC2BB24, The Royal Society. 2020 Jun 26. [accessed 2020-08-21]; (2020) Technical plans to control COVID-19 in workplace and public spaces, , http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2020-02/25/content_5483078.htm, Webpage in Chinese. Government of the People's Republic of China. Feb 25. [accessed 2020-08-21] PY - 2020 SN - 14388871 (ISSN) ST - Self-Reported compliance with personal preventive measures among Chinese factory workers at the beginning of work resumption following the COVID-19 outbreak: Cross-Sectional survey study T2 - Journal of Medical Internet Research TI - Self-Reported compliance with personal preventive measures among Chinese factory workers at the beginning of work resumption following the COVID-19 outbreak: Cross-Sectional survey study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092430030&doi=10.2196%2f22457&partnerID=40&md5=ede0d6054e0b51a301a460a3d40215aa VL - 22 ID - 359 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Risk and crisis communication plays an essential role in public health emergency responses. The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered spontaneous and intensive media attention, which has affected people’s adoption of personal preventive measures and their mental health. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between exposure to COVID-19–specific information and mental health (depression and sleep quality) and self-reported compliance with personal preventive measures (face mask wearing and hand sanitizing). We also tested whether these associations were moderated by thoughtful consideration of the veracity of the information to which people were exposed. Methods: A cross-sectional, closed web-based survey was conducted among a sample of 3035 factory workers at the beginning of work resumption following the COVID-19 outbreak in Shenzhen, China. A stratified two-stage cluster sampling design was used for recruitment. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used for the analyses. Results: The prevalence of probable moderate-to-severe depression was 170/3035 (5.6%), while that of good or excellent sleep quality was 2110/3035 (69.5%). The prevalence of self-reported consistent face mask wearing in public places was 2903/3035 (95.7%), while that of sanitizing hands every time after returning from public spaces or touching public installations was 2151/3035 (70.9%). Of the 3035 respondents, 1013 to 1638 (33.3% to 54.0%) reported >1 hour of daily exposure to COVID-19–specific information through web-based media and television. After controlling for significant background variables, higher information exposure via television and via newspapers and magazines was associated with better sleep quality and higher compliance with hand sanitizing. Higher exposure via unofficial web-based media was associated with higher compliance with hand sanitizing but was also associated with higher depressive symptoms. In contrast, higher exposure through face-to-face communication was associated with higher depressive symptoms, worse sleep quality, and lower compliance with hand sanitizing. Exposure to information about positive outcomes for patients with COVID-19, development of vaccines and effective treatments, and heroic stories about frontline health care workers were associated with both better mental health and higher compliance with preventive measures. Higher overall information exposure was associated with higher depressive symptoms among participants who were less likely to carefully consider the veracity of the information to which they were exposed; it was also associated with better sleep quality among people who reported more thoughtful consideration of information veracity. Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence of how the amount, sources, and contents of information to which people were exposed influenced their mental health and compliance with personal preventive measures at the initial phase of work resumption in China. Thoughtful consideration of information quality was found to play an important moderating role. Our findings may inform strategic risk communication by government and public health authorities during the COVID-19 pandemic. © Yihang Pan, Meiqi Xin, Changhua Zhang, Willa Dong, Yuan Fang, Wenhui Wu, Mingzhe Li, Jun Pang, Zilong Zheng, Zixin Wang, Jinqiu Yuan, Yulong He. AD - Precision Medicine Center, Scientific Research Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China Big Data Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Center for Digestive Disease, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Early Childhood Education, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Center for Urology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China Clinical Research Center, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China AU - Pan, Y. AU - Xin, M. AU - Zhang, C. AU - Dong, W. AU - Fang, Y. AU - Wu, W. AU - Li, M. AU - Pang, J. AU - Zheng, Z. AU - Wang, Z. AU - Yuan, J. AU - He, Y. C2 - 32936776 C7 - e22596 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2196/22596 IS - 10 J2 - J. Med. Internet Res. KW - China Communication COVID-19 Cross-sectional Information exposure Mental health Personal preventive measures Prevention Public health Risk hand sanitizer adult controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cross-sectional study depression disease severity female health care personnel human major clinical study male medical information pandemic patient compliance patient-reported outcome prevalence publication questionnaire Review sleep quality work resumption adolescent Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection epidemic hand disinfection high risk behavior psychology self report virus pneumonia young adult Coronavirus Infections Cross-Sectional Studies Disease Outbreaks Health Risk Behaviors Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Surveys and Questionnaires Treatment Adherence and Compliance LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Wang, Z.; JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Room 508, Hong Kong; email: wangzx@cuhk.edu.hk Funding details: Sun Yat-sen University, SYSU, 392012 Funding details: National Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC, 2018YFA0902801 Funding text 1: This study was funded by the Startup Fund for the 100 Top Talents Program, Sun Yat-sen University (grant number 392012), and the National Key Research and Development Program (grant number 2018YFA0902801). References: (2017), https://www.who.int/emergencies/risk-communications, Risk communication. World Health Organization. [accessed 2020-09-28]; Reynolds, B, W Seeger, M., Crisis and emergency risk communication as an integrative model (2005) J Health Commun, 10 (1), pp. 43-55. , [doi] [Medline: 15764443]; Zhang, L, Kong, Y, Chang, H., Media Use and Health Behavior in H1N1 Flu Crisis: The Mediating Role of Perceived Knowledge and Fear (2015) Atl J Commun, 23 (2), pp. 67-80. , Apr 30; [doi]; Seo, M., Amplifying Panic and Facilitating Prevention: Multifaceted Effects of Traditional and Social Media Use During the 2015 MERS Crisis in South Korea (2019) Journal Mass Commun Q, p. 107769901985769. , Jul 26:. [doi]; Posid, JM, Bruce, SM, Guarnizo, JT, Taylor, ML, Garza, BW., SARS: mobilizing and maintaining a public health emergency response (2005) J Public Health Manag Pract, 11 (3), pp. 208-215. , [doi] [Medline: 15829833]; Esposito, S, Principi, N, Leung, CC, Migliori, GB., Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19: evidence and implications for prevention policies (2020) Eur Respir J, 55 (6), p. 2001260. , Jun; [doi] [Medline: 32350103]; Recommendations to Member States to improve hand hygiene practices to help prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 virus, , https://www.who.int/publications-detail/recommendations-to-member-states-to-improve-hand-hygiene-practices-to-help-prevent-the-transmission-of-the-covid-19-virus, World Health Organization. 2020 Apr 01. [accessed 2020-09-28]; Wipatayotin, A., 70% Thais stick to social distancing (2020) Bangkok Post, , https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1891290/70-thais-stick-to-social-distancing, Apr 02. [accessed 2020-09-28]; Briscese, G, Lacetera, N, Macis, M, Tonin, M., Compliance with COVID-19 social-distancing measures in Italy: the role of expectation and duration https://www.nber.org/papers/w26916, NBER Working Papers. 2020 Mar. [accessed 2020-09-28]; Gammage, KL, Klentrou, P., Predicting osteoporosis prevention behaviors: health beliefs and knowledge (2011) Am J Health Behav, 35 (3), pp. 371-382. , May 01; [doi] [Medline: 21683025]; Lee, D, Kim, J, Kang, H., The Emotional Distress and Fear of Contagion Related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) on General Public in Korea. Article in Korean (2016) Kor J Psychol: Gen, 35 (2), p. 355. , Jun 30; [doi]; Wang, C, Pan, R, Wan, X, Tan, Y, Xu, L, Ho, CS, Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (5), p. 1729. , 2020 Mar 06; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32155789]; Qiu, J, Shen, B, Zhao, M, Wang, Z, Xie, B, Xu, Y., A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations (2020) Gen Psych, 33 (2), p. e100213. , Mar 06; [doi]; Qian, M, Wu, Q, Wu, P, Hou, Z, Liang, Y, Cowling, B., Psychological responses, behavioral changes and public perceptions during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a population based cross-sectional survey medRxiv, , Preprint posted online on February 20, 2020 [doi]; Renn, O, Burns, W, Kasperson, R, Kasperson, J, Slovic, P., The social amplification of risk: Theoretical foundations and empirical application (1992) J Soc Issues, 48 (4), pp. 137-160. , [doi]; Garfin, D, Silver, R, Holman, E., The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure (2020) Health Psychol, 39 (5), pp. 355-357. , May; [doi] [Medline: 32202824]; Ho, CSH, Chee, CYI, Ho, RCM., Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic (2020) Ann Acad Med Singap, 49 (3), pp. 155-160. , Mar 16; [FREE Full _text] [Medline: 32200399]; Yuen, KF, Wang, X, Ma, F, Li, KX., The Psychological Causes of Panic Buying Following a Health Crisis (2020) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (10), p. 3513. , May 18; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32443427]; Tai, Z, Sun, T., Media dependencies in a changing media environment: the case of the 2003 SARS epidemic in China (2016) New Media Soc, 9 (6), pp. 987-1009. , Jun 30; [doi]; Kim, Y., An Essay on Korean Media’s Coverage of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus. Article in Korean (2016) Korean J Health Commun, 11 (1), pp. 39-50. , Jun; [doi]; Kwok, KO, Li, KK, Chan, HHH, Yi, YY, Tang, A, Wei, WI, Community Responses during Early Phase of COVID-19 Epidemic, Hong Kong (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26 (7), pp. 1575-1579. , Jul; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32298227]; Choi, D, Yoo, W, Noh, G, Park, K., The impact of social media on risk perceptions during the MERS outbreak in South Korea (2017) Comput Human Behav, 72, pp. 422-431. , Jul;: [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32288176]; Ahmad, AR, Murad, HR., The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (5), p. e19556. , May 19; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32369026]; Ludolph, R, Schulz, P, Chen, L., Investigating the Effects of Mass Media Exposure on the Uptake of Preventive Measures by Hong Kong Residents during the 2015 MERS Outbreak: The Mediating Role of Interpersonal Communication and the Perception of Concern (2018) J Health Commun, 23 (1), pp. 1-8. , [doi] [Medline: 29261430]; Kreps, GL, Alibek, K, Neuhauser, LE, Rowan, K, Sparks, L., Emergency/risk communication to promote public healthrespond to biological threats (2005) Global Public Health Communication, pp. 349-362. , Harden M, editor. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bulwer; Covello, V., Best practices in public health risk and crisis communication (2003) J Health Commun, 8, pp. 5-8. , Suppl 1:-; discussion 148. [doi] [Medline: 14692565]; Zarocostas, J., How to fight an infodemic (2020) Lancet, 395 (10225), p. 676. , Feb; [doi]; Bao, H, Cao, B, Xiong, Y, Tang, W., Digital Media's Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 8 (9), p. e20156. , Sep 18; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32530817]; https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/countering-misinformation-about-covid-19, Countering misinformation about COVID-19. World Health Organization. 2020 May 11. [accessed 2020-09-28]; The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, , https://www.coronavirus.gov.hk/eng/clarifications.html, Clarifications. [accessed 2020-09-28]; http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/202004/t20200417_1739602.html, 2020 first quarter GDP. Webpage in Chinese. National Bureau of Statistics. 2020. [accessed 2020-09-28]; (2020) Office of Shenzhen Headquarters for Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Epidemic Caused by Novel Coronavirus, , http://fao.sz.gov.cn/ydmh/xxgk/zyxw/202002/t20200205_18998951.htm, A Letter to Enterprises in Shenzhen. Feb 02. [accessed 2020-09-28]; Zhang, L, Shen, M, Ma, X, Su, S, Gong, W, Wang, J., What is required to prevent a second major outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 upon lifting the metropolitan-wide quarantine of Wuhan city, China medRxiv. Preprint posted online on March 30, 2020 [doi]; (2019) Statistics Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality, , http://tjj.sz.gov.cn/attachment/0/695/695422/7971762.pdf, Shenzhen Statistics Yearbook 2019. [accessed 2020-09-28]; Liao, W, Lau, JTF, Tsui, HY, Gu, J, Wang, Z., Relationship between sexual compulsivity and sexual risk behaviors among Chinese sexually active males (2015) Arch Sex Behav, 44 (3), pp. 791-798. , Apr 17; [doi] [Medline: 25030121]; Moriarty, AS, Gilbody, S, McMillan, D, Manea, L., Screening and case finding for major depressive disorder using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis (2015) Gen Hosp Psychiatry, 37 (6), pp. 567-576. , [doi] [Medline: 26195347]; Snyder, E, Cai, B, DeMuro, C, Morrison, MF, Ball, W., A New Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale: Results of Psychometric Evaluation in Patients With Chronic Primary Insomnia and Depression (2018) J Clin Sleep Med, 14 (11), pp. 1849-1857. , Nov 15; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 30373688]; Chen, Y, Bennett, D, Clarke, R, Guo, Y, Yu, C, Bian, Z, Patterns and correlates of major depression in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study of 0.5 million men and women (2016) Psychol Med, 47 (5), pp. 958-970. , Dec 06; [doi]; Yang, Y, Zhu, J, Yang, S, Lin, H, Chen, Y, Zhao, Q, Prevalence and associated factors of poor sleep quality among Chinese returning workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Sleep Med, 73, pp. 47-52. , Sep;: [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32771927]; Hua, J, Shaw, R., Corona Virus (COVID-19) "Infodemic" and Emerging Issues through a Data Lens: The Case of China (2020) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (7), p. 2309. , Mar 30; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32235433]; Zhong, B, Luo, W, Li, H, Zhang, Q, Liu, X, Li, W, Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey (2020) Int J Biol Sci, 16 (10), pp. 1745-1752. , [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32226294]; Sibley, CG, Greaves, LM, Satherley, N, Wilson, MS, Overall, NC, Lee, CHJ, Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and nationwide lockdown on trust, attitudes toward government, and well-being (2020) Am Psychol, 75 (5), pp. 618-630. , [doi] [Medline: 32496074]; Chuang, Y, Huang, Y, Tseng, K, Yen, C, Yang, L., Social capital and health-protective behavior intentions in an influenza pandemic (2015) PLoS One, 10 (4), p. e0122970. , [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 25874625]; Liao, Q, Yuan, J, Dong, M, Yang, L, Fielding, R, Lam, WWT., Public Engagement and Government Responsiveness in the Communications About COVID-19 During the Early Epidemic Stage in China: Infodemiology Study on Social Media Data (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (5), p. e18796. , May 26; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32412414]; Brennen, J, Simon, F, Howard, P, Nielsen, RK., (2020) Types, sources, and claims of COVID-19 misinformation, , https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/types-sources-and-claims-covid-19-misinformation, Reuters Institute. Apr 07. [accessed 2020-09-28]; Zhao, Y, Cheng, S, Yu, X, Xu, H., Chinese Public's Attention to the COVID-19 Epidemic on Social Media: Observational Descriptive Study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (5), p. e18825. , May 04; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32314976]; Witte, K., Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model (1992) Commun Monogr, 59 (4), pp. 329-349. , Dec; [doi]; Sanchez, TH, Zlotorzynska, M, Rai, M, Baral, SD., Characterizing the Impact of COVID-19 on Men Who Have Sex with Men Across the United States in April, 2020 (2020) AIDS Behav, 24 (7), pp. 2024-2032. , Jul; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32350773]; Paakkari, L, Okan, O., COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5 (5), pp. e249-e250. , May; [doi]; Seng, J, Yeam, C, Huang, W, Tan, N, Low, L., Pandemic related Health literacy - A Systematic Review of literature in COVID-19, SARS and MERS pandemics medRxiv. Preprint posted online on May 11, 2020 [doi]; Sentell, T, Vamos, S, Okan, O., Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Health Literacy Research Around the World: More Important Than Ever in a Time of COVID-19 (2020) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (9), p. 3010. , Apr 26; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32357457]; Qian, M, Wu, Q, Wu, P, Hou, Z, Liang, Y, Cowling, B., Psychological responses, behavioral changes and public perceptions during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a population based cross-sectional survey medRxiv, , Preprint posted online on February 20, 2020 [doi]; Chong, YY, Cheng, HY, Chan, HYL, Chien, WT, Wong, SYS., COVID-19 pandemic, infodemic and the role of eHealth literacy (2020) Int J Nurs Stud, 108, p. 103644. , Aug;: [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32447127] PY - 2020 SN - 14388871 (ISSN) ST - Associations of mental health and personal preventive measure compliance with exposure to COVID-19 information during work resumption following the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Cross-sectional survey study T2 - Journal of Medical Internet Research TI - Associations of mental health and personal preventive measure compliance with exposure to COVID-19 information during work resumption following the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Cross-sectional survey study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092749787&doi=10.2196%2f22596&partnerID=40&md5=0eeb8ac74fe11d79c05de4bd6875ae21 VL - 22 ID - 337 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread to the US, so too did descriptions of an associated coagulopathy and thrombotic complications. Hospitals created institutional protocols for inpatient management of COVID-19 coagulopathy and thrombosis in response to this developing data. We collected and analyzed protocols from 21 US academic medical centers developed between January and May 2020. We found greatest consensus on recommendations for heparin-based pharmacologic venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients without contraindications. Protocols differed regarding incorporation of D-dimer tests, dosing of VTE prophylaxis, indications for post-discharge pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis, how to evaluate for VTE, and the use of empiric therapeutic anticoagulation. These findings support ongoing efforts to establish international, evidence-based guidelines. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd AD - Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, New York-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Division of Hematology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University (Miriam Hospital), Providence, RI, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Division of General Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States AU - Parks, A. L. AU - Auerbach, A. D. AU - Schnipper, J. L. AU - Anstey, J. E. AU - Sterken, D. G. AU - Hecht, T. E. H. AU - Fang, M. C. AU - Vaughn, V. M. AU - Dunn, A. S. AU - Linker, A. S. AU - Hunt, D. P. AU - Choi, J. J. AU - Brotman, D. J. AU - Streiff, M. B. AU - Mattison, M. L. P. AU - Pappas, M. A. AU - Greysen, S. R. AU - Hemsey, D. F. AU - Dapaah-Afriyie, K. AU - Ahuja, N. AU - Collins, W. J. AU - Herzig, S. J. AU - Bhandari, S. AU - Schumacher, E. R. AU - Duggirala, V. S. AU - O'Leary, K. J. AU - Menard, G. E. AU - Lin, M. Y. AU - the Hospital Medicine Reengineering, Network C2 - 32977136 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.09.018 J2 - Thromb. Res. KW - Anticoagulation Coagulopathy Coronavirus Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) Pulmonary embolism (PE) Thrombosis Venous thromboembolism (VTE) D dimer anticoagulant agent anticoagulant therapy blood clotting disorder clinical evaluation clinical protocol contraindication coronavirus disease 2019 disease association disease duration evidence based practice health care facility human Letter pandemic practice guideline priority journal risk factor thrombosis prevention United States venous thromboembolism blood blood clotting clinical practice complication consensus drug effect drug therapy health care disparity lung embolism risk assessment thrombophilia treatment outcome university hospital vein thrombosis Academic Medical Centers Anticoagulants Blood Coagulation Clinical Protocols COVID-19 Healthcare Disparities Humans Practice Patterns, Physicians' Pulmonary Embolism Risk Factors Venous Thrombosis LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - (HOMERuN) Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: THBRA Correspondence Address: Fang, M.C.533 Parnassus Avenue, UC 135, United States; email: Margaret.Fang@ucsf.edu Chemicals/CAS: Anticoagulants Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, K24HL141354 Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI Funding details: Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, GBMF Funding text 1: Dr. Fang reports that research reported in this publication was supported by the National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K24HL141354. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Funding text 2: Dr. Auerbach reports that research reported in this publication was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. References: Holshue, M.L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382 (10), pp. 929-936; Tang, N., Li, D., Wang, X., Sun, Z., Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J. Thromb. Haemost., 18 (4), pp. 844-847; Middeldorp, S., Coppens, M., Haaps, T.F.V., Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (2020); Cui, S., Chen, S., Li, X., Liu, S., Wang, F., Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J. Thromb. Haemost.; Helms, J., Tacquard, C., Severac, F., High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study (2020) Intensive Care Med.; Klok, F.A., Kruip, M.J.H.A., van der Meer, N.J.M., Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 (2020) Thromb. Res.; Poissy Julien, Goutay Julien, Caplan Morgan, Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: awareness of an increased prevalence. Circulation. 0(0); Thomas, W., Varley, J., Johnston, A., Thrombotic complications of patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom (2020) Thromb. Res., 191, pp. 76-77; Lodigiani, C., Iapichino, G., Carenzo, L., Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy (2020) Thromb. Res., 191, pp. 9-14; Auerbach, A.D., Patel, M.S., Metlay, J., The Hospital Medicine Reengineering Network (HOMERuN): a learning organization focused on improving hospital care (2014) Acad. Med. J. Assoc. Am. Med. Coll., 89 (3), pp. 415-420; CDCMMWR, Geographic differences in COVID-19 cases, deaths, and incidence — United States, February 12–April 7, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 69; Bikdeli, B., Madhavan, M.V., Jimenez, D., COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up (2020) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., , S0735109720350087; Thachil, J., Tang, N., Gando, S., ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19 (2020) J. Thromb. Haemost., 18 (5), pp. 1023-1026; Barnes, G.D., Burnett, A., Allen, A., Thromboembolism and anticoagulant therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim clinical guidance from the anticoagulation forum (2020) J. Thromb. Thrombolysis, 50 (1), pp. 72-81 PY - 2020 SN - 00493848 (ISSN) SP - 355-358 ST - COVID-19 coagulopathy and thrombosis: Analysis of hospital protocols in response to the rapidly evolving pandemic T2 - Thrombosis Research TI - COVID-19 coagulopathy and thrombosis: Analysis of hospital protocols in response to the rapidly evolving pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091226383&doi=10.1016%2fj.thromres.2020.09.018&partnerID=40&md5=bf82857d6ff0edd415ed54c338d0d88f VL - 196 ID - 273 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the transition of the traditional residency interview to a virtual format. This new interview format creates additional challenges and opportunities for both programs and applicants. The specific challenges of the virtual interview format are described, as well as means to mitigate those challenges. In addition, opportunities to improve residency selection from the program end are described. © 2020 The Association of University Radiologists AD - Houston Radiological Associates, 8850 Long Point Road, Houston, TX 77080, United States Department of Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Departments of Radiology and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Patel, T. Y. AU - Bedi, H. S. AU - Deitte, L. A. AU - Lewis, P. J. AU - Marx, M. V. AU - Jordan, S. G. C2 - 32948443 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.001 ; Chong, A., Kagetsu, N.J., Yen, A., Radiology residency preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Acad Radiol; England, E., Kanfi, A., Flink, C., Radiology residency program management in the COVID era – strategy and reality (2020) Acad Radiol; Vagal, A., Reeder, S.B., Sodickson, D.K., The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the radiology research enterprise: radiology scientific expert panel. Radiology 2020:201393. doi:; Miller, D.G., Pierson, L., Doernberg, S., The role of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ann Intern Med2020:M20-1281. doi:; Whelan, A., Prescott, J., Young, G., Interim guidance on medical students’ participation in direct patient contact activities: principles and guidelines (2020), https://lcme.org/wp-content/uploads/filebase/March-30-2020-Interim-Guidance-on-Medical-Students-Participation-in-Direct-Patient-Contact-Activities.pdf, Licensing Council on Medical Education Available at: Accessed 14 May 2020; (2020), https://www.usmle.org/announcements/?ContentId=268, Coronavirus (COVID-19) 4/10/2020 update: prometric closures and Step 1, Step 2 CK, and Step 3. United States Medical Licensing Examination. 2020. Available at: Accessed 14 May; (2020), https://students-residents.aamc.org/applying-residency/article/eras-timeline-md-residency/, ERAS 2021 residency timeline. Association of American Medical Colleges. Available at: Accessed 14 May; (2020), https://www.aamc.org/system/files/2020-05/covid19_Final_Recommendations_Executive%20Summary_Final_05112020.pdf, The Coalition for Physician Accountability's Work Group on Medical Students in the Class of 2021 Moving Across Institutions for Post Graduate Training. Final report and recommendations for medical education institutions of LCME-accredited, U.S. osteopathic, and non-U.S. medical school applicants. 2020. Available at: Accessed 14 May; (2020), https://www.apdr.org/-/media/Files/APDR/About-APDR/APDR_APDIR_Position_Statement_residency_recruitment.ashx?la=en&hash=5B0B7F09AFAE487E50AA36D9E4F27C79C9489DCE, APDR/APDIR position statement regarding residency recruitment in the 2020-2021 cycle. 2020. Available at: Accessed 21 May; (2020), https://mk0nrmp3oyqui6wqfm.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Charting-Outcomes-in-the-Match-2018_Seniors-1.pdf, National Resident Matching Program. Characteristics of U.S. allopathic seniors who matched to their preferred specialty in the 2018 main residency match. Available at: Accessed 18 May; (2020), https://aamc-orange.global.ssl.fastly.net/production/media/filer_public/35/2f/352f33e4-64c7-42e2-bb9f-ee81e7d3b7e9/eras_applicant_fillable_worksheet_2020_final.pdf, Association of American Medical Colleges. ERAS worksheet. Available at: Accessed 18 May; (2020), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQwanxQmFnc, How to look good in Skype interviews: tips and training. Available at: Accessed 18 May; (2020), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmFuWmzeiDs&pbjreload=10, Tell me about yourself – a good answer to this interview question. Available at: Accessed 18 May; (2020), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhoFwGaVEEE, Tips from a TV pro – look and sound your best on Zoom! Available at: Accessed 18 May; (2020), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbYHaNvCw9M, How to use Zoom – how to host/attend a meeting [for beginners]. Available at: Accessed 18 May; (2020), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K87kuw9s4R4, How to look clients in the eyes on video calls. Available at: Accessed May 18; (2020), https://www.aamc.org/system/files/2020-05/Virtual_Interview_Tips_for_Applicants_05072020_1.pdf, Virtual interviews: applicant preparation guide. Association of American Medical Colleges. Available at: Accessed 19 May; (2020), https://www.aamc.org/system/files/2020-05/best%20practices%20for%20conducting%20residency%20program%20interviews.pdf, Best practices for conducting residency program interviews. Association of American Medical Colleges. Available at: Accessed 18 May; Camp, C.L., Sousa, P.L., Hanssen, A.D., Orthopedic surgery applicants: what they want in an interview and how they are influenced by post-interview contact (2016) J Surg Educ, 73, pp. 709-714; (2020), https://www.usnews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-medical-schools, 2021 Best medical schools: research. US News & World Report. Available at: Accessed 18 May; Lewis, P., Hayward, J., Chertoff, J., Student interviews for radiology residency: what influences how students rank programs? (2010) J Am Coll Radiol, 7, pp. 439-445; Heitkamp, D.E., Cooke, E.A., Deitte, L.A., Radiology program directors should have an active presence on Twitter (2020) J Am Coll Radiol, 17, pp. 293-295; O'Malley, C., Bergin, C., Shinar, B., (2020), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDMaYY9_r5g, Virtual residency interviewing strategies webinar. 2020. Available at: Accessed 20 May; Lewis, P.J., Catanzano, T.M., Davis, L.P., Web-based conferencing: what radiology educators need to know (2020) Acad Radiol, 27, pp. 447-454; Nguyen, D.T., Canny, J., Multiview: improving trust in group video conferencing through spatial faithfulness (2007) CHI ’07: proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, pp. 1465-1474. , ACM Press New York, New York, USA IS - 10 J2 - Acad. Radiol. KW - Internship and residency Interviews as topic Radiology User-computer interface Virtual reality coronavirus disease 2019 human job interview pandemic personal experience priority journal residency education Review Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection medical education season virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Seasons LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ARADF Correspondence Address: Patel, T.Y.; Houston Radiological Associates, 8850 Long Point Road, United States; email: typatel@gmail.com PY - 2020 SN - 10766332 (ISSN) SP - 1456-1460 ST - Brave New World: Challenges and Opportunities in the COVID-19 Virtual Interview Season T2 - Academic Radiology TI - Brave New World: Challenges and Opportunities in the COVID-19 Virtual Interview Season UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090987773&doi=10.1016%2fj.acra.2020.07.001&partnerID=40&md5=a0d938a21eda30f01bec954f8212ba82 VL - 27 ID - 343 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States Division of Hematology and Oncology and Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Department of Internal Medicine/Hematology, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, United States AU - Patell, R. AU - Midha, S. AU - Kimani, S. AU - Martin, R. AU - Neparidze, N. AU - Jaglal, M. AU - Freed, J. AU - Key, N. S. C2 - 32828072 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1055/s-0040-1715837 IS - 12 J2 - Thromb. Haemost. KW - anticoagulant agent biological marker blood clotting disorder human metabolism practice guideline United States Anticoagulants Biomarkers Blood Coagulation Disorders COVID-19 Humans Practice Guidelines as Topic SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: THHAD Correspondence Address: Key, N.S.; Harold R. Roberts Distinguished Professor, CB #7035, 116 Manning Drive, United States; email: nigel_key@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: Anticoagulants; Biomarkers References: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, Accessed May 16, 2020 at; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062. , 10229; Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513. , 10223; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) Jama, 323 (11), pp. 1061-1069; Connors, J.M., Levy, J.H., COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation (2020) Blood, 135 (23), pp. 2033-2040; Cao, W., Li, T., COVID-19: Towards understanding of pathogenesis (2020) Cell Res, 30 (5), pp. 367-369; Levi, M., Thachil, J., (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 Coagulopathy: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Thrombotic Microangiopathy-either, Neither, or Both, , Semin Thromb Hemost; Klok, F.A., Kruip, M.J., Van Der Meer, N.J., Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: An updated analysis (2020) Thromb Res, 191, pp. 148-150; Oxley, T.J., Mocco, J., Majidi, S., Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid-19 in the young (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (20), p. e60; Demelo-Rodríguez, P., Cervilla-Muñoz, E., Ordieres-Ortega, L., Incidence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated D-dimer levels (2020) Thromb Res, 192, pp. 23-26; Levi, M., Thachil, J., Iba, T., Levy, J.H., Coagulation abnormalities and thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Haematol, 7 (6), pp. e438-e440; Cui, S., Chen, S., Li, X., Liu, S., Wang, F., Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18 (6), pp. 1421-1424; Tang, N., Bai, H., Chen, X., Gong, J., Li, D., Sun, Z., Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18 (5), pp. 1094-1099; Bikdeli, B., Madhavan, M.V., Gupta, A., Pharmacological agents targeting thromboinflammation in COVID-19: Review and implications for future research (2020) Thromb Haemost, 120 (7), pp. 1004-1024; Vivas, D., Roldan, V., Esteve-Pastor, M.A., Recommendations on antithrombotic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Rev Esp Cardiol, , Position statement of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Thrombosis of the Spanish Society of Cardiology [in Spanish] 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.04.006; Bikdeli, B., Madhavan, M.V., Jimenez, D., COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: Implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-the-art review (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol, 75 (23), pp. 2950-2973; COVID-19 and VTE/Anticoagulation: Frequently Asked Questions, , http://www.hematology.org/covid-19/covid-19-and-coagulopathy, American Society of Hematology. Accessed May 19, 2020 at; Thachil, J., Tang, N., Gando, S., ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18 (5), pp. 1023-1026; Clinical Management of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) When COVID-19 Disease Is Suspected: Interim Guidance, , http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/clinical-management-of-novel-cov.pdf, Accessed April 27, 2020 at; Mahan, C.E., Burnett, A.E., Fletcher, M.L., Spyropoulos, A.C., Extended thromboprophylaxis in the acutely ill medical patient after hospitalization - A paradigm shift in post-discharge thromboprophylaxis (2018) Hosp Pract (1995), 46 (1), pp. 5-15; Cohoon, K.P., Mahé, G., Tafur, A.J., Spyropoulos, A.C., Emergence of institutional antithrombotic protocols for coronavirus 2019 (2020) Res Pract Thromb Haemost, 4 (4), pp. 510-517; Brenner, B., Hull, R., Arya, R., Evaluation of unmet clinical needs in prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in high-risk patient groups: Cancer and critically ill (2019) Thromb J, 17 (1), p. 6; Coleman, C.I., Turpie, A.G., Bunz, T.J., Beyer-Westendorf, J., Baker, W.L., Impact of prolonged anticoagulation with rivaroxaban on provoked venous thromboembolism recurrence: IMPROVE-VTE (2019) Am J Med, 132 (4), pp. 498-504; Cohen, A.T., Harrington, R.A., Goldhaber, S.Z., Extended thromboprophylaxis with betrixaban in acutely ill medical patients (2016) N Engl J Med, 375 (6), pp. 534-544; Rome, B.N., Avorn, J., Drug evaluation during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (24), pp. 2282-2284; (2019) Coronavirus Disease, , https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/, (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. National Institutes of Health. Accessed May 17, 2020 at PY - 2020 SN - 03406245 (ISSN) SP - 1725-1732 ST - Variability in Institutional Guidance for COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy in the United States T2 - Thrombosis and Haemostasis TI - Variability in Institutional Guidance for COVID-19-Associated Coagulopathy in the United States UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098575274&doi=10.1055%2fs-0040-1715837&partnerID=40&md5=5c8221a8920da6ae2db944d5e5ea6c24 VL - 120 ID - 254 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States AU - Pattillo, G. DB - Scopus DO - 10.5860/crln.81.6.312 IS - 6 J2 - Coll. Res. Libr. News LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Pattillo, G.; University of North Carolina-Chapel HillUnited States; email: pattillo@email.unc.edu PY - 2020 SN - 00990086 (ISSN) SP - 312 ST - Streaming during the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - College and Research Libraries News TI - Streaming during the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086334376&doi=10.5860%2fcrln.81.6.312&partnerID=40&md5=b2bc317e6150c11164962d245607da3b VL - 81 ID - 486 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Trussell Technologies, Inc., 1939 Harrison Street, Oakland, CA 94612, United States Applied Research and Development Center, Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193-9954, United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany Department of Environmental Science, Water and Energy Sustainable Technology (WEST) Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States College of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, United States Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Blvd, Virginia Beach, VA 23455, United States Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAlister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States Biodesign Institute Center for Environmental Health Engineering, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAlister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Email: Brianp@trusselltech.com, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States EOA, 1410 Jackson Street, Oakland, CA 94612, United States Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Maricopa, AZ, United States Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Pecson, B. AU - Gerrity, D. AU - Bibby, K. AU - Drewes, J. E. AU - Gerba, C. AU - Gersberg, R. AU - Gonzalez, R. AU - Haas, C. N. AU - Hamilton, K. A. AU - Nelson, K. L. AU - Olivieri, A. AU - Rock, C. AU - Rose, J. AU - Sobsey, M. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1039/d0ew90031a IS - 7 J2 - Environ. Sci. Water Res. Technol. KW - COVID-19 integrated approach public health research viral disease water industry SARS coronavirus LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Pecson, B.; Trussell Technologies, 1939 Harrison Street, United States; email: brianp@trusselltech.com References: Naddeo, V., Liu, H., Editorial Perspectives: 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): What is its fate in urban water cycle and how can the water research community respond? (2020) Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 6, pp. 1213-1216; Medema, G., Heijnen, L., Elsinga, G., Italiaander, R., Brouwer, A., (2020) Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 in Sewage, , medRxiv, 2020.2003.2029.20045880; Ahmed, W., Angel, N., Edson, J., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., O'Brien, J.W., Choi, P.M., Mueller, J.F., First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community (2020) Sci. Total Environ., 728, p. 138764; Wu, F., Xiao, A., Zhang, J., Gu, X., Lee, W.L., Kauffman, K., Hanage, W., Alm, E., (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Titers in Wastewater Are Higher Than Expected from Clinically Confirmed Cases, , medRxiv, 2020.2004.2005.20051540; Maal-Bared, R., Bastian, R., Bibby, K., Brisolara, K., Gary, L., Gerba, C., Olabode, L., Swift, J., The water professional's guide to COVID-19 (2020) Water Environ. Technol., pp. 26-35; Wigginton, K.R., Boehm, A.B., Environmental Engineers and Scientists Have Important Roles to Play in Stemming Outbreaks and Pandemics Caused by Enveloped Viruses (2020) Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, pp. 3736-3739; Wigginton, K.R., Ye, Y., Ellenberg, R.M., Emerging investigators series: The source and fate of pandemic viruses in the urban water cycle (2015) Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 1, pp. 735-746; Zang, R., Castro, M.F.G., McCune, B.T., Zeng, Q., Rothlauf, P.W., Sonnek, N.M., Liu, Z., Ding, S., (2020) TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 Mediate SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Human Small Intestinal Enterocytes, , bioRxiv, 2020.2004.2021.054015; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M.A., Niemeyer, D., Wendtner, C., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Olivieri, A.W., Crook, J., Anderson, M.A., Bull, R.J., Drewes, J.E., Haas, C.N., Jakubowski, W., Wade, T.J., (2016) Evaluation of the Feasibility of Developing Uniform Water Recycling Criteria for Direct Potable Reuse, , California State Water Resources Control Board, Fountain Valley, CA; Gundy, P.M., Gerba, C.P., Pepper, I.L., Survival of Coronaviruses in Water and Wastewater (2009) Food Environ. Virol., 1, pp. 10-14; Bibby, K., Fischer, R.J., Casson, L.W., De Carvalho, N.A., Haas, C.N., Munster, V.J., Disinfection of Ebola Virus in Sterilized Municipal Wastewater (2017) PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 11, p. e0005299; Lytle, C.D., Sagripanti, J.L., Predicted inactivation of viruses of relevance to biodefense by solar radiation (2005) J. Virol., 79, pp. 14244-14252; Watanabe, T., Bartrand, T.A., Weir, M.H., Omura, T., Haas, C.N., Development of a dose-response model for SARS coronavirus (2010) Risk Anal., 30, pp. 1129-1138; Research Foundation, W., Project #4989: Measure Pathogens in Wastewater, , https://www.waterrf.org/research/projects/measure-pathogens-wastewater, accessed May 15, 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 20531400 (ISSN) SP - 1761-1764 ST - Editorial Perspectives: Will SARS-CoV-2 reset public health requirements in the water industry? Integrating lessons of the past and emerging research T2 - Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology TI - Editorial Perspectives: Will SARS-CoV-2 reset public health requirements in the water industry? Integrating lessons of the past and emerging research UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087628624&doi=10.1039%2fd0ew90031a&partnerID=40&md5=21dcbe8089e163e86650db6c805dbb6e VL - 6 ID - 456 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillNC, United States AU - Peery, A. F. AU - Arora, S. AU - Shaheen, N. J. C2 - 32701733 DB - Scopus DO - 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000790 IS - 9 J2 - Am. J. Gastroenterol. KW - Betacoronavirus complication Coronavirus infection digestive system disease disease transmission gastrointestinal endoscopy human pandemic prevention and control virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Digestive System Diseases Disease Transmission, Infectious Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 15720241 (ISSN) SP - 1376-1379 ST - Reviving Routine Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the COVID-19 Era T2 - The American journal of gastroenterology TI - Reviving Routine Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the COVID-19 Era UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090491470&doi=10.14309%2fajg.0000000000000790&partnerID=40&md5=5c5cc97846c5489dd7be595b6d10597a VL - 115 ID - 378 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the daily clinical practice of cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons. Preparedness of health workers and health services is crucial to tackle the enormous challenge posed by SARS-CoV-2 in wards, operating theatres, intensive care units, and interventionist laboratories. This Clinical Review provides an overview of COVID-19 and focuses on relevant aspects on prevention and management for specialists within the cardiovascular field. © The Author(s) 2020 All rights reserved. AD - Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic-ISGlobal, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Farmacy Department, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Preventive Medicine Service, Hospital Clinic-ISGlobal, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain AU - Pericàs, J. M. AU - Hernandez-Meneses, M. AU - Sheahan, T. P. AU - Quintana, E. AU - Ambrosioni, J. AU - Sandoval, E. AU - Falces, C. AU - Marcos, M. A. AU - Tuset, M. AU - Vilella, A. AU - Moreno, A. AU - Miro, J. M. AU - behalf of the Hospital Clinic Cardiovascular Infections Study, Group C2 - 32511724 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa462 IS - 22 J2 - Eur. Heart J. KW - Coronavirus COVID-19 Prevention Prognosis Risk factors Treatment antivirus agent cardiovascular agent Article blood clotting cardiology cardiovascular disease cardiovascular risk cardiovascular surgery catheterization clinical feature coronavirus disease 2019 electrophysiology emergency care groups by age health service human inflammation nonhuman pandemic pathogenesis prevalence priority journal resource allocation Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 sex difference Betacoronavirus case report Coronavirus infection endocarditis infection male middle aged pathogenicity physiology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Prosthesis-Related Infections LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :22 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: EHJOD Correspondence Address: Miro, J.M.; Infectious Diseases Service, Villarroel, 170, Spain; email: jmmiro@ub.edu Funding details: FIS NCT00871104 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 5R01AI132178 Funding details: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII Funding text 1: This work was supported by the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo of Spain (FIS NCT00871104. Instituto de Salud Carlos III). Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) provided to J.M.M. a personal 80:20 research grant during 2017–2021. A grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, 5R01AI132178) supported T.P.S. in this endeavour. Funding text 2: This work was supported by the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo of Spain (FIS NCT00871104. Instituto de Salud Carlos III). Institut d'Investigacions Biom?diques Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) provided to J.M.M. a personal 80:20 research grant during 2017-2021. A grant from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, 5R01AI132178) supported T.P.S. in this endeavour. References: Lauer, SA, Grantz, KH, Bi, Q, Jones, FK, Zheng, Q, Meredith, HR, Azman, AS, Lessler, J., The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application (2020) Ann Intern Med, 172, pp. 577-582; https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center. (4 May 2020); http://www.protezionecivile.gov.it/media-comunicazione/news, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, News (Italy); Catalonian Agency of Healthcare Quality and Evaluation (AQuAS), , http://aquas.gencat.cat/.content/IntegradorServeis/mapa_covid/atlas.html; Flaxman, S, Mishra, S, Gandy, A, Unwin, H, Coupland, H, Mellan, T, Zhu, H, Bhatt, S, Estimating the number of infections and the impact of nonpharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries, , https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/medicine/sph/ide/gida-fellowships/Imperial-College-COVID19-Europe-estimates-and-NPI-impact-30-03-2020.pdf, Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team. 30 March 2020; Wu, Z, McGoogan, JM., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA; Guan, WJ, Ni, ZY, Hu, Y, Liang, WH, Ou, CQ, He, JX, Liu, L, Zhong, NS, China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1708-1720; Chen, N, Zhou, M, Dong, X, Qu, J, Gong, F, Han, Y, Qiu, Y, Zhang, L., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513; Zhou, F, Yu, T, Du, R, Fan, G, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Xiang, J, Cao, B., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Li, B, Yang, J, Zhao, F, Zhi, L, Wang, X, Liu, L, Bi, Z, Zhao, Y., Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China (2020) Clin Res Cardiol, 109, pp. 531-538; Seventeenth report on the situation of COVID-19 in Spain], , National Epidemiology Center, Instituto de Salud Carlos III. [27 March 2020; de Wit, E, van Doremalen, N, Falzarano, D, Munster, VJ., SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nat Rev Microbiol, 14, pp. 523-534; Zhou, P, Yang, XL, Wang, XG, Hu, B, Zhang, L, Zhang, W, Si, HR, Shi, ZL., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Wang, D, Hu, B, Hu, C, Zhu, F, Liu, X, Zhang, J, Wang, B, Peng, Z., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA; Lu, R, Zhao, X, Li, J, Niu, P, Yang, B, Wu, H, Wang, W, Tan, W., Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 565-574; van Doremalen, N, Bushmaker, T, Morris, DH, Holbrook, MG, Gamble, A, Williamson, BN, Tamin, A, Munster, VJ., Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1564-1567; Guo, ZD, Wang, ZY, Zhang, SF, Li, X, Li, L, Li, C, Cui, Y, Chen, W., Aerosol and surface distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospital wards, Wuhan, China, 2020 (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26 (7); He, X, Lau, EHY, Wu, P, Deng, X, Wang, J, Hao, X, Lau, YC, Leung, GM., Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 672-675; Hui, DS, Chan, PK., Severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus (2010) Infect Dis Clin North Am, 24, pp. 619-638; South, AM, Diz, DI, Chappell, MC., COVID-19, ACE2, and the cardiovascular consequences (2020) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 318, pp. H1084-H1090; Chen, L, Li, X, Chen, M, Feng, Y, Xiong, C., The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cardiovasc Res, 116, pp. 1097-1100; Guzik, TJ, Mohiddin, SA, Dimarco, A, Patel, V, Savvatis, K, Marelli-Berg, FM, Madhur, MS, McInnes, IB., COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system: implications for risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options (2020) Cardiovasc Res; Giannis, D, Ziogas, IA, Gianni, P., Coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and lessons from the past (2020) J Clin Virol, 127, p. 104362; Xiong, TY, Redwood, S, Prendergast, B, Chen, M., Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications (2020) Eur Heart J, 41, pp. 1798-1800; Madjid, M, Safavi-Naeini, P, Solomon, SD, Vardeny, O., Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review (2020) JAMA Cardiol; Driggin, E, Madhavan, MV, Bikdeli, B, Chuich, T, Laracy, J, Biondi-Zoccai, G, Brown, TS, Parikh, SA., Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol, 75, pp. 2352-2371; Liu, PP, Blet, A, Smyth, D, Li, H., The science underlying COVID-19: implications for the cardiovascular system (2020) Circulation; Kochi, AN, Tagliari, AP, Forleo, GB, Fassini, GM, Tondo, C., Cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, 31, pp. 1003-1008; Libby, P., The heart in COVID19: primary target or secondary bystander? (2020) JACC Basic Transl Sci; Atri, D, Siddiqi, HK, Lang, J, Nauffal, V, Morrow, DA, Bohula, EA., COVID-19 for the cardiologist: a current review of the virology, clinical epidemiology, cardiac and other clinical manifestations and potential therapeutic strategies (2020) JACC Basic Transl Sci; (2020) Anosmia, hyposmia, and dysgeusia symptoms of coronavirus disease, , https://www.entnet.org/content/coronavirus-disease-2019-resources, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. March 22; Qin, C, Zhou, L, Hu, Z, Zhang, S, Yang, S, Tao, Y, Xie, C, Tian, DS., Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) Clin Infect Dis; Ye, Z, Zhang, Y, Wang, Y, Huang, Z, Song, B., Chest CT manifestations of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pictorial review (2020) Eur Radiol; Poston, JT, Patel, BK, Davis, AM., Management of critically ill adults with COVID-19 (2020) JAMA; Wu, C, Chen, X, Cai, Y, Xia, J, Zhou, X, Xu, S, Huang, H, Song, Y., Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Intern Med; Mehta, P, McAuley, DF, Brown, M, Sanchez, E, Tattersall, RS, Manson, JJ, COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression (2020) Lancet, 95, pp. 1033-1034. , HLH Across Speciality Collaboration, UK; Deng, Q, Hu, B, Zhang, Y, Wang, H, Zhou, X, Hu, W, Cheng, Y, Zhou, Q., Suspected myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19: evidence from front-line clinical observation in Wuhan, China (2020) Int J Cardiol; Gao, L, Jiang, D, Wen, XS, Cheng, XC, Sun, M, He, B, You, LN, Zhang, DY., Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with severe COVID-19 (2020) Respir Res, 21, p. 83; Bangalore, S, Sharma, A, Slotwiner, A, Yatskar, L, Harari, R, Shah, B, Ibrahim, H, Hochman, JS., ST-segment elevation in patients with Covid-19-a case series (2020) N Engl J Med; Sala, S, Peretto, G, Gramegna, M, Palmisano, A, Villatore, A, Vignale, D, De Cobelli, F, Esposito, A., Acute myocarditis presenting as a reverse Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection (2020) Eur Heart J, 41, pp. 1861-1862; Dong, N, Cai, J, Zhou, Y, Liu, J, Li, F., End-stage heart failure with COVID-19: strong evidence of myocardial injury by 2019-nCoV (2020) JACC Heart Fail; Zeng, JH, Liu, YX, Yuan, J, Wang, FX, Wu, WB, Li, JX, Wang, LF, Liu, L., First case of COVID-19 complicated with fulminant myocarditis: a case report and insights (2020) Infection; Kim, IC, Kim, JY, Kim, HA, Han, S., COVID-19-related myocarditis in a 21-year-old female patient (2020) Eur Heart J, 41, p. 1859; Zhang, Y, Xiao, M, Zhang, S, Xia, P, Cao, W, Jiang, W, Chen, H, Zhang, S., Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, p. e38; Garcia, S, Albaghdadi, MS, Meraj, PM, Schmidt, C, Garberich, R, Jaffer, FA, Dixon, S, Henry, TD., Reduction in ST-segment elevation cardiac catheterization laboratory activations in the United States during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol; Rodríguez-Leor, O, Cid-Álvarez, B, Ojeda, S, Martín-Moreiras, J, Ramón Rumoroso, j, López-Palop, R, Serrador, A, Moreno, R, Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on interventional cardiology activity in Spain (2020) REC Interv Cardiol, 2, pp. 82-89. , on behalf of all the participants of the ACI-SEC Infarction Code Registry; De Filippo, O, D'Ascenzo, F, Angelini, F, Bocchino, PP, Conrotto, F, Saglietto, A, Secco, GG, De Ferrari, GM., Reduced rate of hospital admissions for ACS during Covid-19 outbreak in Northern Italy (2020) N Engl J Med; Baldi, E, Sechi, GM, Mare, C, Canevari, F, Brancaglione, A, Primi, R, Klersy, C, Savastano, S, Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the Covid-19 outbreak in Italy (2020) N Engl J Med, , Lombardia CARe Researchers; Shao, F, Xu, S, Ma, X, In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) Resuscitation, 151, pp. 18-23; Laboratory testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases, , https://www.who.int/publications-detail/laboratory-testing-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-in-suspectedhuman-cases-20200117, World Health Organization. 19 March 2020; Wang, W, Xu, Y, Gao, R, Lu, R, Han, K, Wu, G, Tan, W., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1843-1844; Zhao, J, Yuan, Q, Wang, H, Liu, W, Liao, X, Su, Y, Wang, X, Zhang, Z., Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) Clin Infect Dis; Ding, Q, Lu, P, Fan, Y, Xia, Y, Liu, M., The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients co-infected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China (2020) J Med Virol; Shi, S, Qin, M, Shen, B, Cai, Y, Liu, T, Yang, F, Gong, W, Huang, C., Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Cardiol; Argulian, E, Sud, K, Vogel, B, Bohra, C, Garg, VP, Talebi, VP, Garg, VP, Garg, VP, Right Ventricular Dilation in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Infection (2020) JACC Cardiovasc Imaging; Zhang, X, Cai, H, Hu, J, Lian, J, Gu, J, Zhang, S, Ye, C, Yang, Y., Epidemiological, clinical characteristics of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with abnormal imaging findings (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94, pp. 81-87; Zumla, A, Chan, JF, Azhar, EI, Hui, DS, Yuen, KY., Coronaviruses-drug discovery and therapeutic options (2016) Nat Rev Drug Discov, 15, pp. 327-347; Bhimraj, A, Morgan, RL, Shumaker, AH, Lavergne, V, Baden, L, Chi-Chung Cheng, V, Edwards, KM, Sultan Falck-Ytter, Y., Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19 https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-treatment-and-management/, Infectious Disease Society of America, 11 April 2020; Sanders, JM, Monogue, ML, Jodlowski, TZ, Cutrell, JB., Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1824-1836; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=covid-19&term=&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=, Clinicaltrials.gov. Studies found for 'COVID-19; Mercuro, NJ, Yen, CF, Shim, DJ, Maher, TR, McCoy, CM, Zimetbaum, PJ, Gold, HS., Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease2019 (COVID-19) (2020) JAMA Cardiol; Bessière, F, Roccia, H, Delinière, A, Charrière, R, Chevalier, P, Argaud, L, Cour, M., Assessment of QT intervals in a case series of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection treated with hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin in an intensive care unit (2020) JAMA Cardiol; Pastick, KA, Okafor, EC, Wang, F, Lofgren, SM, Skipper, CP, Nicol, MR, Pullen, MF, Boulware, DR., Review: hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) (2020) Open Forum Infect Dis, 7, p. ofaa130; Cao, B, Wang, Y, Wen, D, Liu, W, Wang, J, Fan, G, Ruan, L, Wang, C., A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1787-1799; Walker, M., FDA OKs Remdesivir Emergency Use for Severe COVID-19 Medpage Today, , https://www.medpagetoday.com/infectiousdisease/covid19/86280, 1 May 2020; Beigel, JH, Tomashek, KM, Dodd, LE, Mehta, AK, Zingman, BS, Kalil, AC, Hohmann, E, Lane, HC, Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Preliminary Report (2020) N Engl J Med, , ACTT-1 Study Group Members; Goldman, JD, Lye, DCB, Hui, DS, Marks, KM, Bruno, R, Montejano, R, Spinner, CD, Subramanian, A, Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients With Severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, , GS-US-540-5773 Investigators; COVID-19 drug interactions, , https://www.covid19-druginteractions.org/, University of Liverpool; COVID-19 Guidelines, , https://www.sccm.org/SurvivingSepsisCampaign/Guidelines/COVID-19, Surviving Sepsis Campaign. 20 March 2020; Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when COVID-19 is suspected, , https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infectionwhen-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected, World Health Organization. 13 March 2020; Xu, X, Han, M, Li, T, Sun, W, Wang, D, Fu, B, Zhou, Y, Wei, H., Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA; Sciascia, S, Aprà, F, Baffa, A, Baldovino, S, Boaro, D, Boero, R, Bonora, S, Rossi, D., Pilot prospective open, single-arm multicentre study on off-label use of tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19 (2020) Clin Exp Rheumatol, , press; Bikdeli, B, Madhavan, MV, Jimenez, D, Chuich, T, Dreyfus, I, Driggin, E, Nigoghossian, C, Lip, GYH., COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol; Danser, AHJ, Epstein, M, Batlle, D., Renin-angiotensin system blockers and the COVID-19 pandemic: at present there is no evidence to abandon renin-angiotensin system blockers (2020) Hypertension, 75, pp. 1382-1385; Reynolds, HR, Adhikari, S, Pulgarin, C, Troxel, AB, Iturrate, E, Johnson, SB, Hausvater, A, Hochman, JS., Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med; Li, J, Wang, X, Chen, J, Zhang, H, Deng, A., Association of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors with severity or risk of death in patients with hypertension hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Cardiol; Mancia, G, Rea, F, Ludergnani, M, Apolone, G, Corrao, G., Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers and the risk of Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med; Position Statement of the ESC Council on Hypertension on ACE-Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, , https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-on-Hypertension-(CHT)/News/position-statement-of-theesc-council-on-hypertension-on-ace-inhibitors-and-ang, 13 March 2020; Kreutz, R, Algharably, EAE, Azizi, M, Dobrowolski, P, Guzik, T, Januszewicz, A, Persu, A, Burnier, M., Hypertension, the renin-angiotensin system, and the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and lung injury: implications for COVID-19 (2020) Cardiovasc Res; Zhang, P, Zhu, L, Cai, J, Lei, F, Qin, JJ, Xie, J, Liu, YM, Li, H., Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19 (2020) Circ Res; Fedson, DS, Opal, SM, Rordam, OM., Hiding in plain sight: an approach to treating patients with severe COVID-19 infection (2020) mBio, 11, pp. e00398-20; Infection prevention and control during health care when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected, , https://www.who.int/publications-detail/infection-prevention-and-control-duringhealth-care-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected-20200125, World Health Organization. 19 March 2020; COVID-19 personal protective equipment (PPE), , https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-infection-prevention-and-control/covid-19-personal-protective-equipment-ppe, Public Health England. 2 April 2020; Rubin, GA, Biviano, A, Dizon, J, Yarmohammadi, H, Ehlert, F, Saluja, D, Rubin, DA, Wan, EY., Performance of electrophysiology procedures at an academic medical center amidst the 2020 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (2020) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol; Shah, PB, Welt, FGP, Mahmud, E, Phillips, A, Kleiman, NS, Young, MN, Sherwood, M, Anwaruddin, S, Triage considerations for patients referred for structural heart disease intervention during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: an ACC /SCAI Consensus Statement (2020) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, , from the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI); Ti, LK, Ang, LS, Foong, TW, Ng, BSW., What we do when a COVID-19 patient needs an operation: operating room preparation and guidance (2020) Can J Anaesth, 67, pp. 756-758; Szerlip, M, Anwaruddin, S, Aronow, HD, Cohen, MG, Daniels, MJ, Dehghani, P, Drachman, DE, Naidu, SS., Considerations for cardiac catheterization laboratory procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Perspectives from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Emerging Leader Mentorship (SCAI ELM) Members and Graduates (2020) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv; Romaguera, R, Cruz-González, I, Ojeda, S, Jiménez-Candil, J, Calvo, D, García Seara, J, Cañadas-Godoy, V, Moreno, R., Gestión de las salas de procedimientos invasivos cardiológicos durante el brote de coronavirus COVID-19. Documento de consenso de la Asociación de Cardiología Intervencionista y la Asociación del Ritmo Cardiaco de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología] (2020) REC Interv Cardiol; Han, Y, Zeng, H, Jiang, H, Yang, Y, Yuan, Z, Cheng, X, Jing, Z, Ma, C., CSC Expert Consensus on Principles of Clinical Management of Patients with Severe Emergent Cardiovascular Diseases during the COVID-19 Epidemic (2020) Circulation; Welt, FGP, Shah, PB, Aronow, HD, Bortnick, AE, Henry, TD, Sherwood, MW, Young, MN, Kirtane, AJ, Catheterization laboratory considerations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: from ACC's Interventional Council and SCAI (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol, 75, pp. 2372-2375. , American College of Cardiology's Interventional Council and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions; Lim, JY, Kang, PJ, Kim, JB, Jung, SH, Choo, SJ, Chung, CH, Lee, JW., Influence of a high-intensity staffing model in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit on postoperative clinical outcomes (2020) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 159, pp. 1382-1389; Drake, D, De Bonis, M, Sade, R., Cardiothoracic surgeons in pandemics: ethical considerations CTSNet, , https://www.ctsnet.org/article/cardiothoracic-surgeons-pandemics-ethical-considerations, (24 March 2020); Wood, DA, Mahmud, E, Thourani, VH, Sathananthan, J, Virani, A, Poppas, A, Harrington, R, Krahn, AD., Safe reintroduction of cardiovascular services during the COVID-19 pandemic: guidance from North American Society leadership (2020) Ann Thorac Surg; Spiteri, G, Fielding, J, Diercke, M, Campese, C, Enouf, V, Gaymard, A, Bella, A, Ciancio, BC., First cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the WHO European Region, 24 January to 21 February 2020 (2020) Euro Surveill, 25 (9); Early epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 28 cases of coronavirus disease in South Korea (2020) Osong Public Health Res Perspect, 11, pp. 8-14. , COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center, Epidemiology and Case Management Team, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Arentz, M, Yim, E, Klaff, L, Lokhandwala, S, Riedo, FX, Chong, M, Lee, M., Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State (2020) JAMA; Edelson, DP, Sasson, C, Chan, PS, Atkins, DL, Aziz, K, Becker, LB, Berg, RA, Topjian, A., Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: from the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Get With the GuidelinesVRResuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart Association in Collaboration with the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Respiratory Care, American College of Emergency Physicians, The Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists, and American Society of Anesthesiologists: Supporting Organizations: American Association of Critical Care Nurses and National EMS Physicians (2020) Circulation; Hunt, B, Retter, A, McClintock, C., Practical guidance for the prevention of thrombosis and management of coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation of patients infected with COVID-19 International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis, , https://academy.isth.org/isth/2020/covid-19/290533/beverley.hunt.andrew.retter.26.claire.mcclintock.practical.guidance.for.the.html?f=menu%3D8%2Abrowseby%3D8%2Asortby%3D2%2Alabel%3D19794; Zhai, Z, Li, C, Chen, Y, Gerotziafas, G, Zhang, Z, Wan, J, Liu, P, Wang, C, Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism associated with coronavirus disease 2019 infection: a Consensus Statement before Guidelines (2020) Thromb Haemost, , Prevention Treatment of VTE Associated with COVID-19 Infection Consensus Statement Group; Yang, X, Yu, Y, Xu, J, Shu, H, Xia, J, Liu, H, Wu, Y, Shang, Y., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 475-481; Huang, C, Wang, Y, Li, X, Ren, L, Zhao, J, Hu, Y, Zhang, L, Cao, B., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Liu, W, Tao, ZW, Lei, W, Yuan, ML, Liu, K, Zhou, L, Wei, S, Hu, Y., Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (2020) Chin Med J (Engl), 133, pp. 1032-1038; Sun, Q, Qiu, H, Huang, M, Yang, Y., Lower mortality of COVID-19 by early recognition and intervention: experience from Jiangsu Province (2020) Ann Intensive Care, 10, p. 33; Mo, P, Xing, Y, Xiao, Y, Deng, L, Zhao, Q, Wang, H, Xiong, Y, Zhang, Y., Clinical characteristics of refractory COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) Clin Infect Dis; Wang, Z, Yang, B, Li, Q, Wen, L, Zhang, R., Clinical features of 69 cases with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China (2020) Clin Infect Dis; Yao, X, Ye, F, Zhang, M, Cui, C, Huang, B, Niu, P, Liu, X, Liu, D., In vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2020) Clin Infect Dis; Cortegiani, A, Ingoglia, G, Ippolito, M, Giarratano, A, Einav, S., A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 (2020) J Crit Care; Wang, M, Cao, R, Zhang, L, Yang, X, Liu, J, Xu, M, Shi, Z, Xiao, G., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res, 30, pp. 269-271; Gao, J, Tian, Z, Yang, X., Breakthrough: chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies (2020) Biosci Trends, 14, pp. 72-73; Gautret, P, Lagier, JC, Parola, P, Hoang, VT, Meddeb, L, Mailhe, M, Doudier, B, Raoult, D., Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents; Statement on IJAA paper, , https://www.isac.world/news-and-publications/official-isacstatement, International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 3 April 2020; Arabi, YM, Asiri, AY, Assiri, AM, Aziz Jokhdar, HA, Alothman, A, Balkhy, HH, AlJohani, S, Hussein, MA, Treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon-b1b (MIRACLE trial): statistical analysis plan for a recursive two-stage group sequential randomized controlled trial (2020) Trials, 21, p. 8. , the Saudi Critical Care Trials group; Sheahan, TP, Sims, AC, Leist, SR, Schäfer, A, Won, J, Brown, AJ, Montgomery, SA, Baric, RS., Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV (2020) Nat Commun, 11, p. 222; Sheahan, TP, Sims, AC, Graham, RL, Menachery, VD, Gralinski, LE, Case, JB, Leist, SR, Baric, RS., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci Transl Med, 9, p. eaal3653; Grein, J, Ohmagari, N, Shin, D, Diaz, G, Asperges, E, Castagna, A, Feldt, T, Flanigan, T., Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med; Wang, Y, Zhang, D, Du, G, Du, R, Zhao, J, Jin, Y, Fu, S, Wang, C., Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (2020) Lancet; Dong, L, Hu, S, Gao, J., Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Drug Discov Ther, 14, pp. 58-60; https://www.aemps.gob.es/laAEMPS/docs/medicamentos-disponibles-SARS-CoV-2-19-3-2020.pdf?x98732, Spanish Drug and Sanitary Products Agency, Ministry of Health. [Available treatments for the management of respiratory infections caused by SARS-CoV-2]; Cheng, Y, Wong, R, Soo, YO, Wong, WS, Lee, CK, Ng, MH, Chan, P, Cheng, G., Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong (2005) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 24, pp. 44-46; Shen, C, Wang, Z, Zhao, F, Yang, Y, Li, J, Yuan, J, Wang, F, Liu, L., Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma (2020) JAMA; Liu, X, Li, Z, Liu, S, Sun, J, Chen, Z, Jiang, M, Zhang, Q, Luo, HB., Potential therapeutic effects of dipyridamole in the severely ill patients with COVID-19 (2020) Acta Pharm Sin B; Stadler, K, Ha, HR, Ciminale, V, Spirli, C, Saletti, G, Schiavon, M, Bruttomesso, D, Baritussio, A., Amiodarone alters late endosomes and inhibits SARS coronavirus infection at a post-endosomal level (2008) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 39, pp. 142-149; Aimo, A, Baritussio, A, Emdin, M, Tascini, C., Amiodarone as a possible therapy for coronavirus infection (2020) Eur J Prev Cardiol; Cai, Q, Yanga, M, Liua, D, Chen, J, Shu, D, Xia, J, Liao, X, Liu, L., Experimental treatment with favipiravir for COVID-19: an open-label control study (2020) Engineering; Siddiqu, HK, Mehra, MR., COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: a clinical-therapeutic staging proposal (2020) J Heart Lung Transplant, 39, pp. 405-407 PY - 2020 SN - 0195668X (ISSN) SP - 2092-2108 ST - COVID-19: From epidemiology to treatment T2 - European Heart Journal TI - COVID-19: From epidemiology to treatment UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086297624&doi=10.1093%2feurheartj%2fehaa462&partnerID=40&md5=fe0b266b1b10f9568050390db160010b VL - 41 ID - 487 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The novel coronavirus identified in 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted pharmacy graduate and postgraduate education. This crisis has resulted in a cosmic shift in the administration of these programs to ensure core values are sustained. Adjustments may be needed at a minimum to ensure that postgraduate trainees complete program requirements while maintaining safety. Moving forward, ad-ditional issues may arise that will need to be addressed such as admissions and program onboarding, acclimating students to new training environments, and managing inadequate resources for distance education, distance practice, and remote versus in-person research opportunities. © 2020 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, VA, United States University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Arkansas Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Little Rock, AR, United States AU - Persky, A. M. AU - Fuller, K. A. AU - Jarstfer, M. AU - Rao, K. AU - Rodgers, J. E. AU - Smith, M. C2 - 32665729 C7 - 8158 DB - Scopus DO - 10.5688/ajpe8158 IS - 6 J2 - Am. J. Pharm. Educ. KW - Clinical service COVID-19 Research Teaching Trauma-informed practice academic achievement Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection education human organization and management pandemic patient care public relations telemedicine virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Education, Distance Education, Graduate Education, Pharmacy Humans Interprofessional Relations Pandemics Patient Care Team Pharmacy Residencies Pneumonia, Viral School Admission Criteria LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Persky, A.M.; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; email: apersky@unc.edu Correspondence Address: Persky, A.M.; American Journal of Pharmaceutical EducationUnited States; email: apersky@unc.edu References: Leshner, AI, Scherer, L, (2018), 1., National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine (U.S). Committee on Revitalizing Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century. National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine (U.S). Board on Higher Education and Workforce, National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine (U.S). Policy and Global Affairs. Graduate STEM education for the 21st century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; (2015) Required competency areas, goals, and objectives for postgraduate year one (pgy1) pharmacy residencies, p. 13. , Pharmacists ASoH-S. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; Berkman, LF, Blumenthal, J, Burg, M, Effects of treating depression and low perceived social support on clinical events after myocardial infarction: the enhancing recovery in coronary heart disease patients (ENRICHD) Randomized Trial (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 3106-3116. , (Generic); Feeney, BC, Collins, NL., A new look at social support: a theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships (2015) Personal Soc Psychol Rev, 19 (2), pp. 113-1147; Fernandez, A, Garcia-Alonso, J, Royo-Pastor, C, Effects of the economic crisis and social support on health-related quality of life: first wave of a longitudinal study in Spain (2015) Brit J Gen Pract, 65 (632), pp. e198-e203; Hobfoll, SE, Nadler, A, Leiberman, J., Satisfaction with social support during crisis: intimacy and Self-Esteem as Critical Determinants (1986) J Personal Social Psychol, 51 (2), pp. 296-304; Thoms, B., A dynamic social feedback system to support learning and social interaction in higher education (2011) IEEE Trans Learn Tech, 4 (4), pp. 340-352; Wilcox, P, Winn, S, Fyvie-Gauld, M., ’It was nothing to do with the university, it was just the people’: the role of social support in the first-year experience of higher education (2005) Stud Higher Educ, 30 (6), pp. 707-722; Kuo, M., (2017) Science, , Biomedical Ph.D. program at major research university drops GRE requirement for admission; Wilson, MA, Odem, MA, Walters, T, DePass, AL, Bean, AJ., A model for holistic review in graduate admissions that decouples the GRE from race, ethnicity, and gender (2019) CBE Life Sci Educ, 18 (1), p. ar7; Sealy, L, Saunders, C, Blume, J, Chalkley, R., The GRE over the entire range of scores lacks predictive ability for PhD outcomes in the biomedical sciences (2019) PLoS One, 14 (3), p. e0201634; Hall, JD, O’Connell, AB, Cook, JG., Predictors of student productivity in biomedical graduate school applications (2017) PLoS One, 12 (1), p. e0169121; Benson, NM, Stickle, TR, Raszka, WV., Going "fourth" from medical school: fourth-year medical students’ perspectives on the fourth year of medical school (2015) Acad Med, 90 (10), pp. 1386-1393; Callaway, P, Melhado, T, Walling, A, Groskurth, J., Financial and time burdens for medical students interviewing for residency (2017) Fam Med, 49 (2), pp. 137-140; Walling, A, Nilsen, K, Callaway, P, Student expenses in residency interviewing (2017) Kansas J Med, 10 (3), pp. 1-54; Cruz-Jesus, F, Oliveira, T, Bacao, F., The global digital divide: evidence and drivers (2018) J Global Info Manage, 26 (2), pp. 1-26; Friemel, TN., The digital divide has grown old: determinants of a digital divide among seniors (2016) New Media Society, 18 (2), pp. 313-331; Graetz, I, Gordon, N, Fung, V, Hamity, C, Reed, ME., The digital divide and patient portals: internet access explained differences in patient portal use for secure messaging by age, race, and income (2016) Med Care, 54 (8), pp. 772-779; Rye, SA., Exploring the gap of the digital divide: conditions of connectivity and higher education participation (2008) GeoJournal, 71 (3), pp. 171-184; Serrano‐Cinca, C, Muñoz‐Soro, JF, Brusca, I., A multivariate study of internet use and the digital divide (2018) Soc Sci Q, 99 (4), pp. 1409-1425; Waycott, J, Bennett, S, Kennedy, G, Dalgarno, B, Gray, K., Digital divides? student and staff perceptions of information and communication technologies (2010) Comp Educ, 54 (4), pp. 1202-1211; Bair-Merritt, MH., Five steps to a trauma-informed practice (2015) Contemp Ped, 32 (8), p. 11; Cannon, LM, Coolidge, EM, LeGierse, J, Trauma-informed education: creating and pilot testing a nursing curriculum on trauma-informed care (2020) Nurse Educ Today, 85, p. 104256. , (Generic); Shalka, TR., Toward a trauma‐informed practice: what educators need to know (2015) About Campus, 20 (5), pp. 21-27. , Graduate STEM education for the 21st century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2018 PY - 2020 SN - 00029459 (ISSN) SP - 697-702 ST - Maintaining core values in postgraduate programs during the covid-19 pandemic T2 - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education TI - Maintaining core values in postgraduate programs during the covid-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088040212&doi=10.5688%2fajpe8158&partnerID=40&md5=83d7a11ae22c6a3c072214cdce921d58 VL - 84 ID - 565 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Our minds are still racing back and forth, longing for a return to ‘normality’, trying to stitch our future to our past and refusing to acknowledge the rupture. But the rupture exists. And in the midst of this terrible despair, it offers us a chance to rethink the doomsday machine we have built for ourselves. Nothing could be worse than a return to normality. Historically, pandemics have forced humans to break with the past and imagine their world anew. This one is no different. It is a portal, a gateway between one world and the next. We can choose to walk through it, dragging the carcasses of our prejudice and hatred, our avarice, our data banks and dead ideas, our dead rivers and smoky skies behind us. Or we can walk through lightly, with little luggage, ready to imagine another world. And ready to fight for it. © 2020 Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia AD - Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia University of London, London, United Kingdom Middlesex University, London, United Kingdom Deakin University, Geelong, Australia University of South Australia, Australia Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea Sahmyook University, Seoul, South Korea Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom Monash University, Clayton, Australia Naples University, Naples, Italy London University, London, United Kingdom Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus Chapman University, Orange, CA, United States University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), Champaign, IL, United States Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi, India University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong University of Illinois (Urbana Champaign), Champaign, IL, United States Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom Maynooth University, Ireland Nanyang Technological University, Singapore University of Applied Sciences in Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia Samuel M. Holton Distinguished Professor, Professor Philosophy of Education, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand AU - Peters, M. A. AU - Rizvi, F. AU - McCulloch, G. AU - Gibbs, P. AU - Gorur, R. AU - Hong, M. AU - Hwang, Y. AU - Zipin, L. AU - Brennan, M. AU - Robertson, S. AU - Quay, J. AU - Malbon, J. AU - Taglietti, D. AU - Barnett, R. AU - Chengbing, W. AU - McLaren, P. AU - Apple, R. AU - Papastephanou, M. AU - Burbules, N. AU - Jackson, L. AU - Jalote, P. AU - Kalantzis, M. AU - Cope, B. AU - Fataar, A. AU - Conroy, J. AU - Misiaszek, G. AU - Biesta, G. AU - Jandrić, P. AU - Choo, S. AU - Apple, M. AU - Stone, L. AU - Tierney, R. AU - Tesar, M. AU - Besley, T. AU - Peters, M. A. AU - Rizvi, F. AU - McCulloch, G. AU - Gibbs, P. AU - Gorur, R. AU - Brennan, M. AU - Hwang, Y. AU - Robertson, S. AU - Quay, J. AU - Hwang, Y. AU - Taglietti, D. AU - Barnett, R. AU - Chengbing, W. AU - Papastephanou, M. AU - McLaren, P. AU - Apple, R. D. AU - Burbules, N. C. AU - Jalote, P. AU - Jackson, L. AU - Cope, B. AU - Fataar, A. AU - Conroy, J. AU - Biesta, G. AU - Misiaszek, G. AU - Choo, S. S. AU - Jandrić, P. AU - Stone, L. AU - Apple, M. W. AU - Tierney, R. J. AU - Tesar, M. AU - Besley, T. AU - Peters, M. A. AU - Misiaszek, L. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/00131857.2020.1777655 J2 - Educ.Philos. Theor. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :13 Export Date: 4 May 2021 References: Foroohar, R., (2020), https://www.afr.com/policy/economy/economists-need-to-abandon-their-comfort-zones-to-deal-with-covid-19-20200504-p54pir, Economists need to abandon their comfort zones to deal with COVID-19., Financial Review,. Online, Nine Publishing; Jameel, S., (2020), https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/business-news-opinion-in-india-covid-19-pandemic-has-painfully-laid-bare-our-societal-faultlines/303097, India, COVID-19 pandemic has painfully laid bare our societal fault lines., Outlook,. Online, Outlook Publishing (India) Pvt. Ltd; Berlant, L., The commons: Infrastructures for troubling times (2016) Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 34 (3), pp. 393-419. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0263775816645989; Brennan, M., Zipin, L., Seeking an institution-decentring politics to regain purpose for Australian university futures (2019) Prising open the cracks: Resisting neoliberalism in higher education, 2, pp. 271-292. , Mathathunga C., Bottrell D., (eds), Palgrave Macmillan,., &,. (Eds; Haraway, D., (2016) Staying with the trouble: Making kin in the Chthulucene, , Duke University Press; Moll, L., (2014) L.S. Vygotsky and education, , Taylor and Francis; Pignarre, P., Stengers, I., (2011) Capitalist sorcery: Breaking the spell, , Palgrave Macmillan; Stengers, I., The care of the possible: Isabelle Stengers interviewed by Erik Bordeleau (2011) Scapegoat: Landscape, Architecture, Political Economy, , https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attachments/207085/a912dbca7d21f729afc767d9e79c611d.pdf, 9), 12–27; Zipin, L., How Council-Management Governance troubles Australian university labours and futures: Simplistic assumptions and complex consequences (2019) Social Alternatives, 38 (3), pp. 28-35; Zipin, L., Building curriculum knowledge work around community-based “problems that matter”: Let’s dare to imagine (2020) Curriculum Perspectives, 40 (1), pp. 111-115. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-019-00096-y; Zipin, L., Brennan, M., (2019), https://www.aare.edu.au/blog/?p=3635, Universities are investing teaching at the expense of research. Here’s why we should fight it., EduResearch Matters,. Retrieved May 17, 2020, from; Dewey, J., (1929) The quest for certainty: A study of the relation of knowledge and action, , Minton, Balch & Company; Heidegger, M., (2009) Logic as the question concerning the essence of language, , State University of New York Press, (W. T. Gregory & Y. Unna, Trans; Quay, J., (2013) Education, experience, existence: Engaging Dewey, Peirce and Heidegger, , Routledge; Quay, J., Not ‘democratic education’ but ‘democracy and education’: Reconsidering Dewey’s oft misunderstood introduction to the philosophy of education (2016) Educational Philosophy and Theory, 48 (10), pp. 1013-1028. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2016.1174098; Cage, J., (1961) Silence, , Wesleyan University Press; Deleuze, G., Postscript on the societies of control (1992) October, 59, pp. 3-7; Deleuze, G., Guattari, F., (1978) 7 contemporary sociology anti-oedipus: Capitalism and schizophrenia, , University of Minnesota Press; Peters, M.A., McLaren, P., Jandrić, P., A viral theory of post-truth (2020) Educational Philosophy and Theory, pp. 1-9. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2020.1750090; Simondon, G., (1958) Du mode d’existence des objects techniques, , Aubier; Lau, J., Yang, B., Dasgupta, R., (2020), https://www.timeshighereducation.com/features/will-coronavirus-make-online-education-go-viral, Will the coronavirus make online education go viral?, Times Higher Education; Paul, K., (2020), https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/apr/08/zoom-privacy-video-chat-alternatives, Worried about Zoom’s privacy problems? A guide to your video-conferencing options, The Guardian; Roy, A., (2020), https://www.ft.com/content/10d8f5e8-74eb-11ea-95fe-fcd274e920ca, The pandemic is a portal., Financial Times; Sklar, J., (2020), https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/04/coronavirus-zoom-fatigue-is-taxing-the-brain-here-is-why-that-happens/, ‘Zoom fatigue’ is taxing the brain. Here’s why that happens., National Geographic; Vutsinas, A., (2020), https://www.securitymagazine.com/articles/92085-managing-domestic-violence-in-a-work-at-home-world, Managing domestic violence a work at home world., Security Magazine; Mbembe, A., (2020), https://critinq.wordpress.com/2020/04/13/the-universal-right-to-breathe/, The universal right to breathe., Critical Inquiry, Online journal. Retrieved April 20, 2020, from; Ball, S.J., (2007) Education Plc. Understanding private sector participation in public sector education, , Routledge; Ball, S.J., (2012) Global education Inc. New policy networks and the neo-liberal imaginary, , Routledge; Biesta, G.J.J., How useful should the university be? On the rise of the global university and the crisis in higher education (2011) Qui Parle: Critical Humanities and Social Sciences, 20 (1), pp. 35-47; Biesta, G.J.J., Balancing the core activities of universities: For a university that teaches (2013) Leadership and cooperation in academia: Reflecting on the roles and responsibilities of university faculty and management, pp. 32-42. , Sugden R., Wilson J., Valania M., (eds), Edward Elgar,. (Eds; Biesta, G.J.J., (2017) The rediscovery of teaching, , Routledge; Biesta, G.J.J., Schulen im Shopping-Zeitalter (2019) Schools of tomorrow, pp. 60-71. , Fehrmann S., (ed), Matthes & Seitz,. (Ed; Biesta, G.J.J., What kind of society does the school need? Redefining the democratic work of education in impatient times (2019) Studies in Philosophy and Education, 38 (6), pp. 657-668. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-019-09675-y; Prange, K., (2012) Erziehung as Handwerk. Studien zur Zeigestruktur der Erziehung, , Ferdinand Schöningh; Frankfurt, H.G., (2005) On bullshit, , Princeton University Press; Freire, P., (2004) Pedagogy of indignation, , Paradigm Publishers; Illich, I., (1983) Deschooling society, , 1st Harper Colophon ed., Harper Colophon; Misiaszek, G.W., (2018) Educating the global environmental citizen: Understanding ecopedagogy in local and global contexts, , Routledge; Misiaszek, G.W., Countering post-truths through ecopedagogical literacies: Teaching to critically read “development” and “sustainable development (2020) Educational Philosophy and Theory, 52 (7), pp. 747-758. , https://doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2019.1680362; Misiaszek, G.W., (2020) Ecopedagogy: Critical environmental teaching for planetary justice and global sustainable development, , Bloomsbury; Postma, D.W., (2006) Why care for nature?: In search of an ethical framework for environmental responsibility and education, , Springer; Arendt, H., (2003) Responsibility and judgment, , Schocken; Brown, W., (2010) Walled states, waning sovereignty, , Zone Books; Giroux, H.A., Border pedagogy in the age of postmodernism (1988) Journal of Education, 170 (3), pp. 162-181. , https://doi.org/10.1177/002205748817000310; Mignolo, W.D., The many faces of cosmo-polis: Border thinking and critical cosmopolitanism (2000) Public Culture, 12 (3), pp. 721-748. , https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-12-3-721; Mignolo, W.D., Politics of sensing & knowing: On (de)coloniality, border thinking, & epistemic disobedience (2013) Confero Essays on Education Philosophy and Politics, 1 (1), pp. 129-150. , https://doi.org/10.3384/confero.2001-4562.13v1i1129; De Maistre, J., Blanc, A., (1860) Correspondance Diplomatique De Joseph De Maistre V2: 1811-1817, , Kessinger; Jandrić, P., Postdigital research in the time of Covid-19 (2020) Postdigital Science and Education, 2 (2), pp. 233-238. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00113-8; Peters, M.A., Besley, T., Jandrić, P., Zhu, X., (2021) Knowledge socialism. The rise of peer production: Collegiality, collaboration, and collective intelligence, , Springer,., &, forthcoming; Selected citations represent volume author contributions such as Mary kalantzis and bill cope, gary McCulloch, marianna papastephanou as well as lauren misiaszek; Lilly, M., (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/22/opinion/coronavirus-prediction-future.html?action=click&module=Opinion&pgtype=Homepage, No one knows what’s going to happen, offered similar sentiments, New York Times,. May 22, 2020; Peters, M.A., Jandrić, P., Irwin, R., Locke, K., Devine, N., Heraud, R., Gibbons, A., Benade, L., Towards a philosophy of academic publishing (2016) Educational Philosophy and Theory, 48 (14), pp. 1401-1425. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00131857.2016.1240987 PY - 2020 SN - 00131857 (ISSN) SP - 1-45 ST - Reimagining the new pedagogical possibilities for universities post-Covid-19: An EPAT Collective Project T2 - Educational Philosophy and Theory TI - Reimagining the new pedagogical possibilities for universities post-Covid-19: An EPAT Collective Project UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090375672&doi=10.1080%2f00131857.2020.1777655&partnerID=40&md5=7618c1f113bc19892f6b6a134734d302 ID - 554 ER - TY - JOUR AB - High-throughput molecular testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be enabled by group testing in which pools of specimens are screened, and individual specimens tested only after a pool tests positive. Several laboratories have recently published examples of pooling strategies applied to SARS-CoV-2 specimens, but overall guidance on efficient pooling strategies is lacking. Therefore we developed a model of the efficiency and accuracy of specimen pooling algorithms based on available data on SAR-CoV-2 viral dynamics. For a fixed number of tests, we estimate that programs using group testing could screen 2-20 times as many specimens compared with individual testing, increase the total number of true positive infections identified, and improve the positive predictive value of results. We compare outcomes that may be expected in different testing situations and provide general recommendations for group testing implementation. A free, publicly-available Web calculator is provided to help inform laboratory decisions on SARS-CoV-2 pooling algorithms. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions AD - Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Pilcher, C. D. AU - Westreich, D. AU - Hudgens, M. G. C2 - 32592581 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/infdis/jiaa378 IS - 6 J2 - J. Infect. Dis. KW - COVID-19 Diagnostic testing Group testing Pooled testing SARS-CoV-2 Screening Surveillance algorithm Article clinical decision making controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 diagnostic accuracy diagnostic test diagnostic test accuracy study disease surveillance incidence intermethod comparison outcome assessment practice guideline predictive value priority journal reference value reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction sensitivity and specificity Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus load Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection genetics human isolation and purification laboratory technique pandemic procedures specimen handling virus pneumonia virus RNA Algorithms Clinical Laboratory Techniques Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Predictive Value of Tests Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Viral Viral Load LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JIDIA Correspondence Address: Pilcher, C.D.; Department of Medicine, Ward 84, Box 0874, 995 Potrero Ave, United States; email: Chris.Pilcher@ucsf.edu Chemicals/CAS: RNA, Viral Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, P30 AI050410 Funding details: Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC CFAR Funding text 1: We thank Joshua D. L. Pilcher, Katerina Christopoulos, Lisa Bebell, Michael Busch, Oliver Laeyendecker, Carl Hanson, and Monica Gandhi for their help and advice in developing the manuscript. This work was supported in part by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Center For AIDS Research, a program funded by the National Institutes of Health (grant P30 AI050410). This project was funded in part by the NC Policy Collaboratory through an appropriation by the NC General Assembly. References: Pilcher, CD, Fiscus, SA, Nguyen, TQ, Detection of acute infections during HIV testing in North Carolina (2005) N Engl J Med, 352, pp. 1873-1883; Westreich, DJ, Hudgens, MG, Fiscus, SA, Pilcher, CD., Optimizing screening for acute human immunodeficiency virus infection with pooled nucleic acid amplification tests (2008) J Clin Microbiol, 46, pp. 1785-1792; Abdalhamid, B, Bilder, CR, McCutchen, EL, Hinrichs, SH, Koepsell, SA, Iwen, PC., Assessment of specimen pooling to conserve SARS CoV-2 testing resources (2020) Am J Clin Pathol, 153, pp. 715-718; Yelin, I, Aharony, N, Shaer Tamar, E, Evaluation of COVID-19 RT-qPCR test in multi-sample pools [published online ahead of print May 2, 2020] Clin Infect Dis; Hogan, CA, Sahoo, MK, Pinsky, BA., Sample pooling as a strategy to detect community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1967-1969; Eis-Hübinger, AM, Hönemann, M, Wenzel, JJ, Ad hoc laboratory-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR using minipools of RNA prepared from routine respiratory samples (2020) J Clin Virol, 127, p. 104381; Ben-Ami, R, Klochendler, A, Seidel, M, The Hebrew University-Hadassah COVID-19 diagnosis team. Large-scale implementation of pooled RNA-extraction and RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection [published online ahead of print June 22, 2020] Clin Microbiol Infect, , S1198-743X(20)30349-9; Wee, SL, Wang, V., Here's how Wuhan tested 6.5 million for coronavirus in days New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/26/world/asia/coronavirus-wuhan-tests.html, Published 26 May 2020 (updated 3 June 2020). Accessed 12 June 2020; Zhao, J, Yuan, Q, Wang, H, Antibody responses to SARSCoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019 [published online ahead of print March 28, 2020] Clin Infect Dis; Tan, W, Lu, Y, Zhang, J, Viral kinetics and antibody responses in patients with COVID-19 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042382, medRxiv [Preprint]. 26 March 2020; Pan, Y, Zhang, D, Yang, P, Poon, LLM, Wang, Q., Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 411-412; Wölfel, R, Corman, VM, Guggemos, W, Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Xu, T, Chen, C, Zhu, Z, Clinical features and dynamics of viral load in imported and non-imported patients with COVID-19 (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94, pp. 68-71; Liu, Y, Yan, LM, Wan, L, Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 656-657; To, KK, Tsang, OT, Leung, WS, Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARSCoV-2: an observational cohort study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 565-574; Saah, AJ, Hoover, DR., “Sensitivity” and “specificity” reconsidered: the meaning of these terms in analytical and diagnostic settings (1997) Ann Intern Med, 126, pp. 91-94; Fiebig, EW, Wright, DJ, Rawal, BD, Dynamics of HIV viremia and antibody seroconversion in plasma donors: implications for diagnosis and staging of primary HIV infection (2003) AIDS, 17, pp. 1871-1879; Pilcher, CD, Porco, TC, Facente, SN, A generalizable method for estimating duration of HIV infections using clinical testing history and HIV test results (2019) AIDS, 33, pp. 1231-1240. , Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays (CEPHIA) PY - 2020 SN - 00221899 (ISSN) SP - 903-909 ST - Group testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 to enable rapid scale-up of testing and real-time surveillance of incidence T2 - Journal of Infectious Diseases TI - Group testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 to enable rapid scale-up of testing and real-time surveillance of incidence UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089708394&doi=10.1093%2finfdis%2fjiaa378&partnerID=40&md5=3b597ba0cbb010e05b81ec66c7501acb VL - 222 ID - 366 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pleil, J. D. AU - Beauchamp, J. D. AU - Risby, T. H. AU - Dweik, R. A. C2 - 32303016 C7 - 030201 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1088/1752-7163/ab8a55 IS - 3 J2 - J. Breath Res. KW - aerosol coronavirus disease 2019 Editorial equipment design human infection prevention infection rate infection risk nonhuman priority journal risk reduction virus particle virus transmission LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Pleil, J.D.email: pleil@unc.edu References: Johnson, G.R., Morawska, L., The mechanism of breath aerosol formation (2009) J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv., 22, pp. 229-237; Wallace, M.A.G., Pleil, J.D., Madden, M.C., Identifying organic compounds in exhaled breath aerosol: Non-invasive sampling from respirator surfaces and disposable hospital masks (2019) J. Aerosol Sci., 137; Pleil, J.D., Wallace, M.A.G., McCord, J., Madden, M.C., Strynar, M.J., Sobus, J.R., Ferguson, G., How do cancer-sniffing dogs sort biological samples? Exploring case-control samples with non-targeted LC-Orbitrap, GC-MS, and immunochemistry methods (2019) J. Breath Res., 14; Bourouiba, L., Turbulent gas clouds and respiratory pathogen emissions: Potential implications for reducing transmission of COVID-19 (2020) JAMA PY - 2020 SN - 17527155 (ISSN) ST - The scientific rationale for the use of simple masks or improvised facial coverings to trap exhaled aerosols and possibly reduce the breathborne spread of COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Breath Research TI - The scientific rationale for the use of simple masks or improvised facial coverings to trap exhaled aerosols and possibly reduce the breathborne spread of COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083865573&doi=10.1088%2f1752-7163%2fab8a55&partnerID=40&md5=68ed21fe44f6e54f578504d957fe8fe8 VL - 14 ID - 473 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Most SARS-CoV2 infections will not develop into severe COVID-19. However, in some patients, lung infection leads to the activation of alveolar macrophages and lung epithelial cells that will release proinflammatory cytokines. IL-6, TNF, and IL-1β increase expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and VEGF, thereby increasing permeability of the lung endothelium and reducing barrier protection, allowing viral dissemination and infiltration of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. In the blood, these cytokines will stimulate the bone marrow to produce and release immature granulocytes, that return to the lung and further increase inflammation, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This lung-systemic loop leads to cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). Concurrently, the acute phase response increases the production of platelets, fibrinogen and other pro-thrombotic factors. Systemic decrease in ACE2 function impacts the Renin-Angiotensin-Kallikrein-Kinin systems (RAS-KKS) increasing clotting. The combination of acute lung injury with RAS-KKS unbalance is herein called COVID-19 Associated Lung Injury (CALI). This conservative two-hit model of systemic inflammation due to the lung injury allows new intervention windows and is more consistent with the current knowledge. © Copyright © 2020 Polidoro, Hagan, de Santis Santiago and Schmidt. AD - Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Boston, MA, United States AU - Polidoro, R. B. AU - Hagan, R. S. AU - de Santis Santiago, R. AU - Schmidt, N. W. C2 - 32714336 C7 - 1626 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01626 J2 - Front. Immunol. KW - ARDS bisphosphonates COVID-19 inflammatory monocytes kallikrein-kinin system renin-angiotensin system SARS-CoV2 severe COVID-19 angiotensin converting enzyme 2 C reactive protein endothelial protein C receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 interleukin 1beta interleukin 6 interleukin 8 serum amyloid A transforming growth factor beta tumor necrosis factor adult respiratory distress syndrome bronchoalveolar lavage fluid CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte coma confusion coronavirus disease 2019 cytokine release syndrome cytokine storm down regulation extracellular trap human hypoxia immune response kallikrein kinin system leukocyte count lower respiratory tract infection lung alveolus cell type 2 lung compliance lung epithelium lung injury lung ventilation lymphocytopenia macrophage mortality rate multiple organ failure nonhuman phenotype pneumonia renin angiotensin aldosterone system respiratory failure Review sepsis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 systemic inflammatory response syndrome thrombocytopenia thrombosis upper respiratory tract infection virion acute lung injury Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection immunology lung pandemic pathology severe acute respiratory syndrome virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :23 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Polidoro, R.B.; Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, United States; email: rapoli@iu.edu Chemicals/CAS: C reactive protein, 9007-41-4; intercellular adhesion molecule 1, 126547-89-5; interleukin 8, 114308-91-7 Funding details: Riley Children's Foundation, RCF Funding text 1: The authors thank Dr. Gregorio Guilherme de Almeida for the important insights and the design of the figures. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Tuan Tran for critical review of the manuscript. Support provided by the Herman B. Wells Center to NS was in part from the Riley Children's Foundation. Funding. The project described was supported by the Indiana University Health?Indiana University School of Medicine Strategic Research Initiative. References: Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 727-733. , 31978945; Walls, A.C., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Wall, A., McGuire, A.T., Veesler, D., Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 281-92.e6. , 32155444; Butler, D.J., Mozsary, C., Meydan, C., Danko, D., Foox, J., Rosiene, J., Shotgun transcriptome and isothermal profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals unique host responses, viral diversification, and drug interactions (2020) bioRxiv [preprint], , 32511352; Wyler, E., Mösbauer, K., Franke, V., Diag, A., Gottula, L.T., Arsie, R., Bulk and single-cell gene expression profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infected human cell lines identifies molecular targets for therapeutic intervention (2020) bioRxiv [preprint]; Ziegler, C.G.K., Allon, S.J., Nyquist, S.K., Mbano, I.M., Miao, V.N., Tzouanas, C.N., SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across tissues (2020) Cell, 181, p. 1016. , 32413319; Glowacka, I., Bertram, S., Herzog, P., Pfefferle, S., Steffen, I., Muench, M.O., Differential downregulation of ACE2 by the spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 (2010) J Virol, 84, pp. 1198-1205. , 19864379; Kuba, K., Imai, Y., Rao, S., Gao, H., Guo, F., Guan, B., A crucial role of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS coronavirus-induced lung injury (2005) Nat Med, 11, pp. 875-879. , 16007097; Imai, Y., Kuba, K., Penninger, J.M., The discovery of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its role in acute lung injury in mice (2008) Exp Physiol, 93, pp. 543-548. , 18448662; Jia, H., Pulmonary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and inflammatory lung disease (2016) Shock, 46, pp. 239-248. , 27082314; Tolouian, R., Vahed, S.Z., Ghiyasvand, S., Tolouian, A., Ardalan, M., COVID-19 interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the kinin system; looking at a potential treatment (2020) J Renal Injury Prevent, 9, p. e19; Schmaier, A.H., The kallikrein-kinin and the renin-angiotensin systems have a multilayered interaction (2003) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 285, pp. R1-R13. , 12793984; Memoli, M.J., Czajkowski, L., Reed, S., Athota, R., Bristol, T., Proudfoot, K., Validation of the wild-type influenza A human challenge model H1N1pdMIST: an A(H1N1)pdm09 dose-finding investigational new drug study (2015) Clin Infect Dis, 60, pp. 693-702. , 25416753; Cereda, D., Tirani, M., Rovida, F., Demicheli, V., Ajelli, M., Poletti, P., The early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy (2020) arXiv, , https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.09320, 32362647, Available online at:, (accessed June 22, 2020; He, X., Lau, E.H.Y., Wu, P., Deng, X., Wang, J., Hao, X., Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 672-675. , 32296168; Liu, Y., Yan, L.M., Wan, L., Xiang, T.X., Le, A., Liu, J.M., Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 656-657. , 32199493; Yu, X., Sun, S., Shi, Y., Wang, H., Zhao, R., Sheng, J., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in sputum correlates with risk of COVID-19 progression (2020) Crit Care, 24, p. 170. , 32326952; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J., Netea, M.G., Rovina, N., Akinosoglou, K., Antoniadou, A., Antonakos, N., Complex immune dysregulation in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 992-1000.e3. , 32320677; Moore, B.J.B., June, C.H., Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19 (2020) Science, 55, p. 105954. , 32303591; Siddiqi, H.K., Mehra, M.R., COVID-19 illness in native and immunosuppressed states: a clinical-therapeutic staging proposal (2020) J Heart Lung Transpl, 39, pp. 405-407. , 32362390; Henderson, L.A., Canna, S.W., Schulert, G.S., Volpi, S., Lee, P.Y., Kernan, K.F., On the alert for cytokine storm: immunopathology in COVID-19 (2020) Arthritis Rheumatol, , 32293098, [Epub ahead of print]; Channappanavar, R., Perlman, S., Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology (2017) Semin Immunopathol, 39, pp. 529-539. , 28466096; Fehr, A.R., Channappanavar, R., Perlman, S., Middle east respiratory syndrome: emergence of a pathogenic human Coronavirus (2017) Annu Rev Med, 68, pp. 387-399. , 27576010; Chen, G., Wu, D., Guo, W., Cao, Y., Huang, D., Wang, H., Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J Clin Invest, 130, pp. 2620-2629. , 32217835; Ruan, Q., Yang, K., Wang, W., Jiang, L., Song, J., Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China (2020) Intensive Care Med, 46, pp. 846-848; Wadman, M., Couzin-Frankel, J., Kaiser, J., Matacic, C., A rampage through the body (2020) Science, 368, pp. 356-360. , 32327580; Hiraiwa, K., van Eeden, S.F., Nature and consequences of the systemic inflammatory response induced by lung inflammation (2014) IntechOpen; Tobin, M.J., Basing respiratory management of coronavirus on physiological principles (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 201, pp. 1319-1320. , 32281885; Gattinoni, L., Chiumello, D., Rossi, S., COVID-19 pneumonia: ARDS or not? (2020) Crit Care, 24, p. 154. , 32299472; Gattinoni, L., Coppola, S., Cressoni, M., Busana, M., Rossi, S., Chiumello, D., Covid-19 does not lead to a “typical” acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 201, pp. 1299-1300. , 32228035; Brochard, L., Slutsky, A., Pesenti, A., Mechanical ventilation to minimize progression of lung injury in acute respiratory failure (2017) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 195, pp. 438-442. , 27626833; Slutsky, A.S., Ranieri, V.M., Ventilator-induced lung injury (2013) N Engl J Med, 369, pp. 2126-2136. , 24283226; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Crawford, J.M., McGinn, T., Davidson, K.W., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2052-2059. , 32320003; Sungnak, W., Huang, N., Becavin, C., Berg, M., Queen, R., Litvinukova, M., SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 681-687. , 32327758; Kupferschmidt, K., Cohen, J., Race to find COVID-19 treatments accelerates (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1412-1413. , 32217705; Blanco-Melo, D., Nilsson-Payant, B.E., Liu, W.C., Uhl, S., Hoagland, D., Moller, R., Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19 (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1036-45.e9. , 32416070; Chua, R.L., Lukassen, S., Trump, S., Hennig, B.P., Wendisch, D., Pott, F., Cross-talk between the airway epithelium and activated immune cells defines severity in COVID-19 (2020) medRxiv [preprint]; Xiong, Y., Liu, Y., Cao, L., Wang, D., Guo, M., Jiang, A., Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9, pp. 761-770. , 32228226; Opitz, B., van Laak, V., Eitel, J., Suttorp, N., Innate immune recognition in infectious and noninfectious diseases of the lung (2010) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 181, pp. 1294-1309. , 20167850; Liao, M., Liu, Y., Yuan, J., Wen, Y., Xu, G., Zhao, J., Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 842-844. , 32398875; Qin, C., Zhou, L., Hu, Z., Zhang, S., Yang, S., Tao, Y., Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , 32161940, [Epub ahead of print]; Windsor, A.C., Walsh, C.J., Mullen, P.G., Cook, D.J., Fisher, B.J., Blocher, C.R., Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade prevents neutrophil CD18 receptor upregulation and attenuates acute lung injury in porcine sepsis without inhibition of neutrophil oxygen radical generation (1993) J Clin Invest, 91, pp. 1459-1468. , 8097206; Barnes, B.J., Adrover, J.M., Baxter-Stoltzfus, A., Borczuk, A., Cools-Lartigue, J., Crawford, J.M., Targeting potential drivers of COVID-19: neutrophil extracellular traps (2020) J Exp Med, 217, p. e20200652. , 32302401; Zuo, Y., Yalavarthi, S., Shi, H., Gockman, K., Zuo, M., Madison, J.A., Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19 (2020) JCI Insight, 5, p. e138999. , 32329756; Merad, M., Martin, J.C., Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages (2020) Nat Rev Immunol, 20, pp. 355-362. , 32376901; Fujii, T., Hayashi, S., Hogg, J.C., Mukae, H., Suwa, T., Goto, Y., Interaction of alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells following exposure to particulate matter produces mediators that stimulate the bone marrow (2002) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 27, pp. 34-41. , 12091243; Gabay, C., Kushner, I., Acute-phase proteins and other systemic responses to inflammation (1999) N Engl J Med, 340, pp. 448-454. , 9971870; Ranucci, M., Ballotta, A., Di Dedda, U., Bayshnikova, E., Dei Poli, M., Resta, M., The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) J Thromb Haemost, , 32302448, [Epub ahead of print]; Tang, N., Bai, H., Chen, X., Gong, J., Li, D., Sun, Z., Anticoagulant treatment is associated with decreased mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 patients with coagulopathy (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18, pp. 1094-1099; Zhang, J.J., Dong, X., Cao, Y.Y., Yuan, Y.D., Yang, Y.B., Yan, Y.Q., Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China (2020) Allergy, , [Epub ahead of print]; Fung, T.S., Liao, Y., Liu, D.X., Regulation of stress responses and translational control by coronavirus (2016) Viruses, 8, p. 184. , 27384577; Dos Santos Ortolan, L., Sercundes, M.K., Moura, G.C., de Castro Quirino, T., Debone, D., de Sousa Costa, D., Endothelial protein c receptor could contribute to experimental malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (2019) J Immunol Res, 2019, p. 3105817. , 31871954; Lescure, F.X., Bouadma, L., Nguyen, D., Parisey, M., Wicky, P.H., Behillil, S., Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: a case series (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 697-706. , 32224310; Carsana, L., Sonzogni, A., Nasr, A., Rossi, R.S., Pellegrinelli, A., Zerbi, P., Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a series of COVID-19 cases from northern Italy: a two-centre descriptive study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, , 32526193, [Epub ahead of print]; Dolhnikoff, M., Duarte-Neto, A.N., de Almeida Monteiro, R.A., Ferraz da Silva, L.F., Pierre de Oliveira, E., Nascimento Saldiva, P.H., Pathological evidence of pulmonary thrombotic phenomena in severe COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18, pp. 1517-1519. , 32294295; Xu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, L., Zhang, C., Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 420-422. , 32085846; Abe, K.C., Mori, M.A., Pesquero, J.B., Leptin deficiency leads to the regulation of kinin receptors expression in mice (2007) Regul Pept, 138, pp. 56-58. , 17184856; Barros, C.C., Haro, A., Russo, F.J., Schadock, I., Almeida, S.S., Ribeiro, R.A., Altered glucose homeostasis and hepatic function in obese mice deficient for both kinin receptor genes (2012) PLoS ONE, 7, p. e40573. , 22829877; Kalupahana, N.S., Moustaid-Moussa, N., The renin-angiotensin system: a link between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance (2012) Obes Rev, 13, pp. 136-149. , 22034852; Liu, W., Stanton, R.C., Zhang, Z., The kallikrein-kinin system in diabetic kidney disease (2017) Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens, 26, pp. 351-357. , 28538015; Popko, K., Gorska, E., Stelmaszczyk-Emmel, A., Plywaczewski, R., Stoklosa, A., Gorecka, D., Proinflammatory cytokines Il-6 and TNF-alpha and the development of inflammation in obese subjects (2010) Eur J Med Res, 15, pp. 120-122. , 21147638; Rhaleb, N.E., Yang, X.P., Carretero, O.A., The kallikrein-kinin system as a regulator of cardiovascular and renal function (2011) Compr Physiol, 1, pp. 971-993. , 23737209; Ribeiro-Oliveira, A., Jr., Nogueira, A.I., Pereira, R.M., Boas, W.W., Dos Santos, R.A., Simoes e Silva, A.C., The renin-angiotensin system and diabetes: an update (2008) Vasc Health Risk Manag, 4, pp. 787-803. , 19065996; Slack, C., Ras signaling in aging and metabolic regulation (2017) Nutr Healthy Aging, 4, pp. 195-205. , 29276789; Viel, T.A., Buck, H.S., Kallikrein-kinin system mediated inflammation in Alzheimers disease in vivo (2011) Curr Alzheimer Res, 8, pp. 59-66. , 21143155; Foerch, C., Friedauer, L., Bauer, B., Wolf, T., Adam, E.H., Severe COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod (2020) Mult Scler Relat Disord, 42, p. 102180. , 32408155; Patntirapong, S., Poolgesorn, M., Alteration of macrophage viability, differentiation, and function by bisphosphonates (2018) Oral Dis, 24, pp. 1294-1302. , 29869362; Hartwig, S.M., Holman, K.M., Varga, S.M., Depletion of alveolar macrophages ameliorates virus-induced disease following a pulmonary coronavirus infection (2014) PLoS ONE, 9, p. e90720. , 24608125; Wheeler, D.L., Sariol, A., Meyerholz, D.K., Perlman, S., Microglia are required for protection against lethal coronavirus encephalitis in mice (2018) J Clin Invest, 128, pp. 931-943. , 29376888; Rajapaksha, I.G., Mak, K.Y., Huang, P., Burrell, L.M., Angus, P.W., Herath, C.B., The small molecule drug diminazene aceturate inhibits liver injury and biliary fibrosis in mice (2018) Sci Rep, 8, p. 10175. , 29977014; Li, S.M., Wang, X.Y., Liu, F., Yang, X.H., ACE2 agonist DIZE alleviates lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion in mice (2018) Sheng Li Xue Bao, 70, pp. 175-183. , 29691582; (2020), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=bisphosphonates&rslt=With, Available online at:, (accessed May 6, 2020; LeVasseur, N., Clemons, M., Hutton, B., Shorr, R., Jacobs, C., Bone-targeted therapy use in patients with bone metastases from lung cancer: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (2016) Cancer Treat Rev, 50, pp. 183-193. , 27716496; Khan, A., Benthin, C., Zeno, B., Albertson, T.E., Boyd, J., Christie, J.D., A pilot clinical trial of recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in acute respiratory distress syndrome (2017) Crit Care, 21, p. 234. , 28877748; Wolfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Muller, M.A., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469. , 32235945; Zhang, C., Wu, Z., Li, J.W., Zhao, H., Wang, G.Q., The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55, p. 105954. , 32234467; Minoia, F., Davi, S., Horne, A., Demirkaya, E., Bovis, F., Li, C., Clinical features, treatment, and outcome of macrophage activation syndrome complicating systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multinational, multicenter study of 362 patients (2014) Arthritis Rheumatol, 66, pp. 3160-3169. , 25077692; Helms, J., Kremer, S., Merdji, H., Clere-Jehl, R., Schenck, M., Kummerlen, C., Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 2268-2270; Mitra, A., Dwyre, D.M., Schivo, M., Thompson, G.R., Cohen, S.H., Ku, N., Leukoerythroblastic reaction in a patient with COVID-19 infection (2020) Am J Hematol, 35, p. e79. , 32212392; Soraya, G.V., Ulhaq, Z.S., Crucial laboratory parameters in COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis: an updated meta-analysis (2020) Med Clin, , [Epub ahead of print]; Wilk, A.J., Rustagi, A., Zhao, N.Q., Roque, J., Martinez-Colon, G.J., McKechnie, J.L., A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19 (2020) Nat Med, , [Epub ahead of print]; Morel, O., Jesel, L., Freyssinet, J.M., Toti, F., Cellular mechanisms underlying the formation of circulating microparticles (2011) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 31, pp. 15-26. , 21160064; Oxley, T.J., Mocco, J., Majidi, S., Kellner, C.P., Shoirah, H., Singh, I.P., Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of covid-19 in the Young (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, p. e60. , 32343504; Nosaka, M., Ishida, Y., Kimura, A., Kuninaka, Y., Taruya, A., Ozaki, M., Crucial Involvement of IL-6 in thrombus resolution in mice via macrophage recruitment and the induction of proteolytic enzymes (2019) Front Immunol, 10, p. 3150. , 32117207; Murthy, H., Iqbal, M., Chavez, J.C., Kharfan-Dabaja, M.A., Cytokine release syndrome: current perspectives (2019) Immunotargets Ther, 8, pp. 43-52. , 31754614; Capra, R., De Rossi, N., Mattioli, F., Romanelli, G., Scarpazza, C., Sormani, M.P., Impact of low dose tocilizumab on mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 related pneumonia (2020) Eur J Intern Med, 76, pp. 31-35. , 32405160; Sciascia, S., Apra, F., Baffa, A., Baldovino, S., Boaro, D., Boero, R., Pilot prospective open, single-arm multicentre study on off-label use of tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19 (2020) Clin Exp Rheumatol, 38, pp. 529-532. , https://www.clinexprheumatol.org/article.asp?a=15723, 32359035, : Available online at; Toniati, P., Piva, S., Cattalini, M., Garrafa, E., Regola, F., Castelli, F., Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: a single center study of 100 patients in Brescia, Italy (2020) Autoimmun Rev, 19, p. 102568. , 32376398; Xu, X., Han, M., Li, T., Sun, W., Wang, D., Fu, B., Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 117, pp. 10970-10975. , 32350134; Campins, L., Boixeda, R., Perez-Cordon, L., Aranega, R., Lopera, C., Force, L., Early tocilizumab treatment could improve survival among COVID-19 patients (2020) Clin Exp Rheumatol, 38, p. 578. , https://www.clinexprheumatol.org/article.asp?a=15835, 32456769, :, Available online at; Aouba, A., Baldolli, A., Geffray, L., Verdon, R., Bergot, E., Martin-Silva, N., Targeting the inflammatory cascade with anakinra in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: case series (2020) Ann Rheum Dis, , 32376597, [Epub ahead of print]; Cavalli, G., De Luca, G., Campochiaro, C., Della-Torre, E., Ripa, M., Canetti, D., Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet Rheumatol, 2, pp. e325-e331. , 32501454; Dimopoulos, G., de Mast, Q., Markou, N., Theodorakopoulou, M., Komnos, A., Mouktaroudi, M., Favorable anakinra responses in severe covid-19 patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (2020) Cell Host Microbe, , 32411313, [Epub ahead of print]; Huet, T., Beaussier, H., Voisin, O., Jouveshomme, S., Dauriat, G., Lazareth, I., Anakinra for severe forms of COVID-19: a cohort study (2020) Lancet Rheumatol, , [Epub ahead of print]; Pontali, E., Volpi, S., Antonucci, G., Castellaneta, M., Buzzi, D., Tricerri, F., Safety and efficacy of early high-dose IV anakinra in severe COVID-19 lung disease (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol, , 32437739, [Epub ahead of print]; Tang, N., Li, D., Wang, X., Sun, Z., Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18, pp. 844-847. , 32073213; Namendys-Silva, S.A., Respiratory support for patients with COVID-19 infection (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, p. e18. , 32145829; Santos, R.A.S., Sampaio, W.O., Alzamora, A.C., Motta-Santos, D., Alenina, N., Bader, M., The ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/MAS axis of the renin-angiotensin system: focus on angiotensin-(1-7) (2018) Physiol Rev, 98, pp. 505-553. , 29351514; Miller, E.J., Linge, H.M., Age-related changes in immunological and physiological responses following pulmonary challenge (2017) Int J Mol Sci, 18, p. 1294. , 28629122; Covian, C., Fernandez-Fierro, A., Retamal-Diaz, A., Diaz, F.E., Vasquez, A.E., Lay, M.K., BCG-induced cross-protection and development of trained immunity: implication for vaccine design (2019) Front Immunol, 10, p. 2806. , 31849980; Guo, J., Huang, Z., Lin, L., Lv, J., Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiovascular disease: a viewpoint on the potential influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers on onset and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (2020) J Am Heart Assoc, 9, p. e016219. , 32233755; Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, C., Huang, F., Wang, F., Yuan, J., Clinical and biochemical indexes from 2019-nCoV infected patients linked to viral loads and lung injury (2020) Sci China Life Sci, 63, pp. 364-374. , 32048163; Eichacker, P.Q., Parent, C., Kalil, A., Esposito, C., Cui, X., Banks, S.M., Risk and the efficacy of antiinflammatory agents: retrospective and confirmatory studies of sepsis (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 166, pp. 1197-1205. , 12403688; Rennard, S.I., Fogarty, C., Kelsen, S., Long, W., Ramsdell, J., Allison, J., The safety and efficacy of infliximab in moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2007) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 175, pp. 926-934. , 17290043; Fedson, D.S., Opal, S.M., Rordam, O.M., Hiding in plain sight: an approach to treating patients with severe COVID-19 infection (2020) mBio, 11, pp. e00398-e320. , 32198163; Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., Liu, W., Wang, J., Fan, G., A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med; Hung, I.F.-N., Lung, K.-C., Tso, E.Y.-K., Liu, R., Chung, T.W.-H., Chu, M.-Y., Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir–ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1695-1704. , 32401715 PY - 2020 SN - 16643224 (ISSN) ST - Overview: Systemic Inflammatory Response Derived From Lung Injury Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Explains Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 T2 - Frontiers in Immunology TI - Overview: Systemic Inflammatory Response Derived From Lung Injury Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection Explains Severe Outcomes in COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087774598&doi=10.3389%2ffimmu.2020.01626&partnerID=40&md5=ed0ab56c8a44edb87258b057171c5e48 VL - 11 ID - 475 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The linkage of individuals with obesity and COVID-19 is controversial and lacks systematic reviews. After a systematic search of the Chinese and English language literature on COVID-19, 75 studies were used to conduct a series of meta-analyses on the relationship of individuals with obesity–COVID-19 over the full spectrum from risk to mortality. A systematic review of the mechanistic pathways for COVID-19 and individuals with obesity is presented. Pooled analysis show individuals with obesity were more at risk for COVID-19 positive, '46.0% higher (OR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.30–1.65; p ' 0.0001); for hospitalization, 113% higher (OR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.74–2.60; p ' 0.0001); for ICU admission, 74% higher (OR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.46–2.08); and for mortality, 48% increase in deaths (OR = 1.48; 95% CI, 1.22–1.80; p ' 0.001). Mechanistic pathways for individuals with obesity are presented in depth for factors linked with COVID-19 risk, severity and their potential for diminished therapeutic and prophylactic treatments among these individuals. Individuals with obesity are linked with large significant increases in morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. There are many mechanisms that jointly explain this impact. A major concern is that vaccines will be less effective for the individuals with obesity. © 2020 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation AD - Health, Nutrition and Population Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington, DC, United States Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Saudi Health Council, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Community Health Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia AU - Popkin, B. M. AU - Du, S. AU - Green, W. D. AU - Beck, M. A. AU - Algaith, T. AU - Herbst, C. H. AU - Alsukait, R. F. AU - Alluhidan, M. AU - Alazemi, N. AU - Shekar, M. C2 - 32845580 C7 - e13128 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/obr.13128 IS - 11 J2 - Obes. Rev. KW - COVID-19 individuals with obesity meta-analysis vaccination Article body weight gain coronavirus disease 2019 death diet disease severity hospital admission hospitalization human immune response infection risk intensive care unit morbidity mortality obese patient obesity pandemic prevalence prognosis prophylaxis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 systematic review Betacoronavirus comorbidity Coronavirus infection international cooperation pathophysiology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Internationality Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :94 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ORBEB Correspondence Address: Popkin, B.M.; Health, United States; email: popkin@unc.edu Correspondence Address: Popkin, B.M.; Department of Nutrition, United States; email: popkin@unc.edu Correspondence Address: Popkin, B.M.; Carolina Population Center, United States; email: popkin@unc.edu Funding details: CPC P2C HD050924 Funding details: World Bank Group, WBG Funding details: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CPC Funding text 1: This article was funded under the Reimbursable Advisory Services Program between the Saudi Health Council and the World Bank. Additional support has come from Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Carolina Population Center (National Institute of Health grant CPC P2C HD050924). Funding text 2: We thank Rekha Menon, Practice Manager for Health, Nutrition and Population at the World Bank, for her support in the production of this article. We also thank Emily Busey for graphics support and Ariel Adams for administrative support. This article was funded under the Reimbursable Advisory Services Program between the Saudi Health Council and the World Bank. Additional support has come from Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Carolina Population Center (National Institute of Health grant CPC P2C HD050924). References: Lighter, J., Phillips, M., Hochman, S., Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 71 (15), pp. 896-897; Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults (2019) Nature, 569, pp. 260-264; Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 128.9 million participants (2016) Lancet, 387, pp. 1377-1396; Popkin, B.M., Corvalan, C., Grummer-Strawn, L.M., Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality (2019) Lancet, 395 (10217), pp. 65-74; (2018) Diet, nutrition, physical activity and cancer: a global perspective (A summary of the third expert report), , London WCRF; (2018) Diet, nutrition, physical activity and cancer: a global perspective, , Continuous Update Project Expert Report; Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years (2017) N Engl J Med, 377, pp. 13-27; (2020) Covid-19: wave 2, 27-30 March among connected South African consumers, , Kantar World Panel Johannisberg; Gong, M.N., Bajwa, E.K., Thompson, B.T., Christiani, D.C., Body mass index is associated with the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (2010) Thorax, 65, pp. 44-50; Louie, J.K., Acosta, M., Samuel, M.C., A novel risk factor for a novel virus: obesity and 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (2011) Clin Infect Dis, 52 (3), pp. 301-312; Karlsson, E.A., Milner, J.J., Green, W.D., Rebeles, J., Schultz-Cherry, S., Beck, M., Chapter 10—influence of obesity on the response to influenza infection and vaccination (2019) Mechanisms and Manifestations of Obesity in Lung Disease, pp. 227-259. , Johnston RA, Suratt BT, eds., Cambridge, Massachusetts, Academic Press; Shekar, M., Popkin, B.M., (2020) Obesity: Health and Economic Consequences of an Impending Global Challenge, , Washington DC, The World Bank; Jaacks, L.M., Slining, M.M., Popkin, B.M., Recent underweight and overweight trends by rural–urban residence among women in low- and middle-income countries (2015) J Nutr, 145 (2), pp. 352-357; Popkin, B.M., Recent dynamics suggest selected countries catching up to US obesity (2010) Am J Clin Nutr, 91, pp. 284S-288S; Popkin, B.M., Doak, C.M., The obesity epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon (1998) Nutr Rev, 56 (4), pp. 106-114; Popkin, B.M., Slining, M.M., New dynamics in global obesity facing low- and middle-income countries (2013) Obes Rev, 14, pp. 11-20; Jones-Smith, J.C., Gordon-Larsen, P., Siddiqi, A., Popkin, B.M., Cross-national comparisons of time trends in overweight inequality by socioeconomic status among women using repeated cross-sectional surveys from 37 developing countries, 1989-2007 (2011) Am J Epidemiol, 173 (6), pp. 667-675; Jones-Smith, J.C., Gordon-Larsen, P., Siddiqi, A., Popkin, B.M., Is the burden of overweight shifting to the poor across the globe? Time trends among women in 39 low- and middle-income countries (1991-2008) (2012) Int J Obes (Lond), 36 (8), pp. 1114-1120; Monteiro, C.A., Moura, E.C., Conde, W.L., Popkin, B.M., Socioeconomic status and obesity in adult populations of developing countries: a review (2004) Bull World Health Organ, 82, pp. 940-946; Albrecht, S.S., Barquera, S., Popkin, B.M., Exploring secular changes in the association between BMI and waist circumference in Mexican-origin and white women: a comparison of Mexico and the United States (2014) Am J Hum Biol, 26 (5), pp. 627-634; Albrecht, S.S., Gordon-Larsen, P., Stern, D., Popkin, B.M., Is waist circumference per body mass index rising differentially across the United States, England, China and Mexico (2015) Eur J Clin Nutr, 69 (12), pp. 1306-1312; Stern, D., Smith, L.P., Zhang, B., Gordon-Larsen, P., Popkin, B.M., Changes in waist circumference relative to body mass index in Chinese adults, 1993-2009 (2014) Int J Obes (Lond), 38 (12), pp. 1503-1510; Subramanian, S.V., Perkins, J.M., Ozaltin, E., Davey, S.G., Weight of nations: a socioeconomic analysis of women in low- to middle-income countries (2011) Am J Clin Nutr, 93 (2), pp. 413-421; (2019) STATA 16, , College Station, Texas, StataCorp LLC; Leung, N.Y., Bulterys, M.A., Bulterys, P.L., Predictors of COVID-19 incidence, mortality, and epidemic growth rate at the country level, , medRxiv., 2020 2020.05.15.20101097; Cho, E.R., Slutsky, A.S., Jha, P., (2020) Smoking and the risk of COVID-19 infection in the UK Biobank Prospective Study, , medRxiv., 2020.05.05.20092445; Bello-Chavolla, O.Y., Bahena-Lopez, J.P., Antonio-Villa, N.E., (2020) Predicting mortality due to SARS-CoV-2: a mechanistic score relating obesity and diabetes to COVID-19 outcomes in Mexico, , medRxiv., 2020.04.20.20072223; Berumen, J., Schmulson, M., Alegre, J., (2020) Risk of infection and hospitalization by Covid-19 in Mexico: a case-control study, , medRxiv., 2020.05.24.20104414; Darling, A.L., Ahmadi, K.R., Ward, K.A., (2020) Vitamin D status, body mass index, ethnicity and COVID-19: initial analysis of the first-reported UK Biobank COVID-19 positive cases (n 580) compared with negative controls (n 723), , medRxiv., 2020.04.29.20084277; de Lusignan, S., Dorward, J., Correa, A., Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 among patients in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network: a cross-sectional study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30371-6; (2020) ICNARC report on COVID-19 in critical care 10 July 2020, , ICNARC, London; Ho, F.K., Celis-Morales, C.A., Gray, S.R., (2020) Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for COVID-19: results from UK Biobank, , medRxiv., 2020.04.28.20083295; Khawaja, A.P., Warwick, A.N., Hysi, P.G., (2020) Associations with covid-19 hospitalisation amongst 406,793 adults: the UK Biobank prospective cohort study, , medRxiv., 2020.05.06.20092957; Gao, F., Zheng, K.I., Wang, X.-B., Obesity is a risk factor for greater COVID-19 severity (2020) Diabetes Care, 43 (7), pp. e72-e74. , https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0682; Merzon, E., Tworowski, D., Gorohovski, A., (2020) Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D3 level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study, , medRxiv., 2020.07.01.20144329; Alam, M.R., Kabir, M.R., Reza, S., (2020) Comorbidities might be a risk factor for the incidence of COVID-19: evidence from a web-based survey of 780,961 participants, , medRxiv., 2020.06.22.20137422; Antonio-Villa, N.E., Bello-Chavolla, O.Y., Vargas-Vazquez, A., (2020) Health-care workers with COVID-19 living in Mexico City: clinical characterization and related outcomes, , medRxiv., 2020.07.02.20145169; Burn, E., Tebe, C., Fernandez-Bertolin, S., (2020) The natural history of symptomatic COVID-19 in Catalonia, Spain: a multi-state model including 109,367 outpatient diagnoses, 18,019 hospitalisations, and 5,585 COVID-19 deaths among 5,627,520 people, , medRxiv., 2020.07.13.20152454; Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Lopez-Gatell, H., Alomia-Zegarra, J.L., The association between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension with severe COVID-19 on admission among Mexicans (2020) Obesity, , https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22946; Giannouchos, T., Sussman, R., Mier, J.M., Poulas, K., Farsalinos, K., (2020) Characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis and adverse outcomes in Mexico: an analysis of 89,756 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, , medRxiv., 2020.06.04.20122481; Gu, T., Mack, J.A., Salvatore, M., (2020) COVID-19 outcomes, risk factors and associations by race: a comprehensive analysis using electronic health records data in Michigan Medicine, , medRxiv., 2020.06.16.20133140; Hernández-Garduño, E., Obesity is the comorbidity more strongly associated for Covid-19 in Mexico. A case-control study (2020) Obes Res Clin Pract, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2020.06.001; Pantea Stoian, A., Pricop-Jeckstadt, M., Pana, A., (2020) Death by SARS-CoV2—a Romanian COVID-19 multi-centre comorbidity study; Reilev, M., Kristensen, K.B., Pottegaard, A., (2020) Characteristics and predictors of hospitalization and death in the first 9,519 cases with a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 in Denmark: a nationwide cohort; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area (2020) JAMA, 323 (20), pp. 2052-2059; (2020) Individuals with obesity; Petrilli, C.M., Jones, S.A., Yang, J., (2020) Factors associated with hospitalization and critical illness among 4,103 patients with COVID-19 disease in New York City, , medRxiv., 2020.04.08.20057794; Ebinger, J.E., Achamallah, N., Ji, H., (2020) Pre-existing characteristics associated with Covid-19 illness severity, , medRxiv., 2020.04.29.20084533; Carrillo-Vega, M.F., Salinas-Escudero, G., Garcia-Peña, C., Gutierrez-Robledo, L.M., Parra-Rodriguez, L., (2020) Early estimation of the risk factors for hospitalisation and mortality by COVID-19 in Mexico, , medRxiv., 2020.05.11.20098145; Hamer, M., Kivimaki, M., Gale, C.R., Batty, G.D., (2020) Lifestyle risk factors for cardiovascular disease in relation to COVID-19 hospitalization: a community-based cohort study of 387,109 adults in UK, , medRxiv., 2020.05.09.20096438; Yanover, C., Mizrahi, B., Kalkstein, N., (2020) What factors increase the risk of complications in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients? A cohort study in a nationwide Israeli health organization, , medRxiv., 2020.05.07.20091652; Kebisek, J., Forrest, L., Maule, A., Steelman, R., Ambrose, J., Special report: prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among active component Army service members with coronavirus disease 2019, 11 February-6 April 2020 (2020) MSMR, 27, pp. 50-54; Leal, F.E., Mendes-Correa, M.C., Buss, L.F., (2020) A primary care approach to the COVID-19 pandemic: clinical features and natural history of 2,073 suspected cases in the Corona Sao Caetano programme, Sao Paulo, Brazil, , medRxiv., 2020.06.23.20138081; Ortiz-Brizuela, E., Villanueva-Reza, M., Gonzalez-Lara, M., (2020) Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in a tertiary care center in Mexico City: a prospective cohort study, p. 72. , Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion; Singh, S., Bilal, M., Khan, A., (2020) Outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with obesity in United States: a large research network study; Sisó-Almirall, A., Kostov, B., Mas-Heredia, M., (2020) Prognostic factors in Spanish Covid-19 patients: a case series from Barcelona, , medRxiv., 2020.06.18.20134510; Steinberg, E., Wright, E., Kushner, B., In young adults with COVID-19, obesity is associated with adverse outcomes (2020) West J Emerg Med: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, 21 (4), pp. 752-755; Suleyman, G., Fadel, R.A., Malette, K.M., Clinical characteristics and morbidity associated with coronavirus disease 2019 in a series of patients in metropolitan Detroit (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3 (6), p. e2012270; Garg, S., Kim, L., Whitaker, M., Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019—COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1–30, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (15), pp. 458-464; Wollenstein-Betech, S., Cassandras, C.G., Paschalidis, I.C., (2020) Personalized predictive models for symptomatic COVID-19 patients using basic preconditions: hospitalizations, mortality, and the need for an ICU or ventilator, , medRxiv., 2020.05.03.20089813; Wu, J., Li, W., Shi, X., Early antiviral treatment contributes to alleviate the severity and improve the prognosis of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (2020) J Intern Med, 288 (1), pp. 128-138; Bhatraju, P.K., Ghassemieh, B.J., Nichols, M., Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle Region—case series (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (21), pp. 2012-2022. , NEJMoa2004500; Li, T., Zhang, Y., Gong, C., Prevalence of malnutrition and analysis of related factors in elderly patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) Eur J Clin Nutr, 74 (6), pp. 871-875; Liu, M., He, P., Liu, H., Clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with new coronavirus pneumonia (2020) Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi, 43; Peng, Y.D., Meng, K., Guan, H.Q., Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV (2020) Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi, 48. , https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20200220-00105; Simonnet, A., Chetboun, M., Poissy, J., High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (2020) Obesity, 28 (7), pp. 1195-1199; Liao, X., Chen, H., Wang, B., (2020) Critical care for severe COVID-19: a population-based study from a province with low case-fatality rate in China, , medRxiv., 2020.03.22.20041277; Argenziano, M.G., Bruce, S.L., Slater, C.L., (2020) Characterization and clinical course of 1000 patients with COVID-19 in New York: retrospective case series, , medRxiv., 2020.04.20.20072116; Prats-Uribe, A., Paredes, R., Prieto-Alhambra, D., (2020) Ethnicity, comorbidity, socioeconomic status, and their associations with COVID-19 infection in England: a cohort analysis of UK Biobank data, , medRxiv., 2020.05.06.20092676; Raisi-Estabragh, Z., McCracken, C., Ardissino, M., (2020) Non-white ethnicity, male sex, and higher body mass index, but not medications acting on the renin-angiotensin system are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalisation: review of the first 669 cases from the UK biobank, , medRxiv., 2020.05.10.20096925; (2014) Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014, , World Health Organization Geneva; Qingxian, C., Fengjuan, C., Fang, L., Obesity and COVID-19 severity in a designated hospital in Shenzhen, China (3/13/2020) (2020) JAMA, 43 (7), pp. 1392-1398; Kalligeros, M., Shehadeh, F., Mylona, E.K., Association of obesity with disease severity among patients with COVID-19 (2020) Obesity; Vaquero, L.M., Sanchez Barrado, M.E., Escobar, D., (2020) C-Reactive protein and SOFA score as early predictors of critical care requirement in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Spain, , medRxiv., 2020.05.22.20110429; Kim, L., Garg, S., Halloran, A., (2020) Interim analysis of risk factors for severe outcomes among a cohort of hospitalized adults identified through the U.S. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET), , medRxiv., 2020.05.18.20103390; Feuth, T., Saaresranta, T., Karlsson, A., (2020) Is sleep apnoea a risk factor for Covid-19? Findings from a retrospective cohort study, , medRxiv., 2020.05.14.20098319; Caussy, C., Pattou, F., Wallet, F., Prevalence of obesity among adult inpatients with COVID-19 in France (2020) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 8 (7), pp. 562-564; Al-Sabah, S.K., Al-Haddad, M., Al Youha, S., Jamal, M.H., AlMazeedi, S., (2020) COVID-19: impact of obesity and diabetes in disease severity, , medRxiv., 2020.05.24.20111724; Qi, D., Yan, X., Tang, X., (2020) Epidemiological and clinical features of 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease cases in Chongqing municipality, China: a retrospective, descriptive, multiple-center study, , medRxiv., 2020.03.01.20029397; Gerotziafas, G., Sergentanis, T.N., Voiriot, G., (2020) Derivation and validation of a predictive score for disease worsening in patients with COVID-19: the COMPASS-COVID-19 prospective observational cohort study; Hajifathalian, K., Kumar, S., Newberry, C., Obesity is associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19: analysis of early data from New York City (2020) Obesity, , https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22923; Kaeuffer, C., Le Hyaric, C., Fabacher, T., Risk Factors Associated with Severe COVID-19 in Eastern France: Analysis of 1045 Cases SSRN Electron J, , https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3586679; Mendy, A., Apewokin, S., Wells, A.A., Morrow, A.L., (2020) Factors associated with hospitalization and disease severity in a racially and ethnically diverse population of COVID-19 atients, , medRxiv., 2020.06.25.20137323; Pettit, N.N., MacKenzie, E.L., Ridgway, J., Obesity is associated with increased risk for mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) Obesity, , https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22941; Pongpirul, W.A., Wiboonchutikul, S., Charoenpong, L., (2020) Clinical course and potential predicting factors of pneumonia of adult patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a retrospective observational analysis of 193 confirmed cases in Thailand, , medRxiv., 2020.06.24.20139642; Caussy, C., Wallet, F., Laville, M., Disse, E., Obesity is associated with severe forms of COVID-19 (2020) Obesity (Silver Spring), 28, p. 1175. , https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22842; Goyal, P., Choi, J.J., Pinheiro, L.C., Clinical characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (24), pp. 2372-2374; Regina, J., Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, M., Burger, R., (2020) Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a Swiss university hospital: an observational retrospective study, , medRxiv., 2020.05.11.20097741; Shah, P., Owens, J., Franklin, J., Demographics, comorbidities and outcomes in hospitalized Covid-19 patients in rural Southwest Georgia (2020) Ann Med, pp. 1-7; Trecarichi, E.M., Mazzitelli, M., Serapide, F., Characteristics, outcome and predictors of in-hospital mortality in an elderly population from a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a long-term care facility, , medRxiv., 2020 2020.06.30.20143701; Gaibazzi, N., Martini, C., Mattioli, M., (2020) Lung disease severity, coronary artery calcium, coronary inflammation and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019, , medRxiv., 2020.05.01.20087114; Halasz, G., Leoni, M.L., Villani, G.Q., Nolli, M., Villani, M., Obesity, overweight and survival in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: is there an obesity paradox? Preliminary results from Italy (2020) Eur J Prev Cardiol, , https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487320939675; Sainaghi, P., Team, C.-U., (2020) Fatality rate and predictors of mortality in a large Italian cohort of hospitalized COVID-19 patients; Sapey, E., Gallier, S., Mainey, C., (2020) Ethnicity and risk of death in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 infection: an observational cohort study in an urban catchment area, , medRxiv., 2020.05.05.20092296; Wang, B., Van Oekelen, O., Mouhieddine, T., (2020) A tertiary center experience of multiple myeloma patients with COVID-19: lessons learned and the path forward, , medRxiv., 2020.06.04.20122846; Reyes Gil, M., Gonzalez-Lugo, J.D., Rahman, S., (2020) Correlation of coagulation parameters with clinical outcomes in coronavirus-19 affected minorities in United States: observational cohort, , medRxiv., 2020.05.01.20087932; Baqui, P.O., Bica, I., Marra, V., Ercole, A., Van Der Schaar, M., (2020) Ethnic and regional variation in hospital mortality from COVID-19 in Brazil, , medRxiv., 2020.05.19.20107094; Borobia, A.M., Carcas, A.J., Arnalich, F., (2020) A cohort of patients with COVID-19 in a major teaching hospital in Europe, , medRxiv., 2020.04.29.20080853; Docherty, A.B., Harrison, E.M., Green, C.A., (2020) Features of 16,749 hospitalised UK patients with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol, , medRxiv., 2020.04.23.20076042; Giacomelli, A., Ridolfo, A.L., Milazzo, L., (2020) 30-day mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the first wave of the Italian epidemic: a prospective cohort study, , medRxiv., 2020.05.02.20088336; Hu, L., Chen, S., Fu, Y., Risk factors associated with clinical outcomes in 323 COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Wuhan, China (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa539; Murillo-Zamora, E., Hernandez-Suarez, C.M., (2020) Survival in adult inpatients with COVID-19, , medRxiv., 2020.05.25.20110684; Palaiodimos, L., Kokkinidis, D.G., Li, W., Severe obesity, increasing age and male sex are independently associated with worse in-hospital outcomes, and higher in-hospital mortality, in a cohort of patients with COVID-19 in the Bronx, New York (2020) Metabolism, 108, p. 154262. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154262; Rossi, A., Gottin, L., Donadello, K., (2020) Obesity as a risk factor for unfavourable outcomes in critically ill patients affected by Covid-19 related respiratory failure: clinical relevance and potential pathophysiological mechanism; Souza, F.S.H., Hojo-Souza, N.S., Santos, E.B., Silva, C.M., Guidoni, D.L., Predicting the disease outcome in COVID-19 positive patients through machine learning: a retrospective cohort study with Brazilian data, , medRxiv., 2020 2020.06.26.20140764; Antwi-Amoabeng, D., Beutler, B.D., Awad, M., (2020) Sociodemographic predictors of outcomes in COVID-19: examining the impact of ethnic disparities in Northern Nevada, , medRxiv; Hilgenfeld, R., Peiris, M., From SARS to MERS: 10 years of research on highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (2013) Antiviral Res, 100 (1), pp. 286-295; Badawi, A., Ryoo, S.G., Prevalence of comorbidities in the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a systematic review and meta-analysis (2016) Int J Infect Dis, 49, pp. 129-133; Vabret, N., Britton, G.J., Gruber, C., Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science (2020) Immunity, 52, pp. 910-941; Tay, M.Z., Poh, C.M., Rénia, L., MacAry, P.A., Ng, L.F.P., The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention (2020) Nat Rev Immunol, 20 (6), pp. 363-374; Huttunen, R., Syrjänen, J., Individuals with obesity and the outcome of infection (2010) Lancet Infect Dis, 10 (7), pp. 442-443; Huttunen, R., Syrjänen, J., Obesity and the risk and outcome of infection (2013) Int J Obes (Lond), 37 (3), pp. 333-340; Roth, J., Sahota, N., Patel, P., Obesity paradox, obesity orthodox, and the metabolic syndrome: an approach to unity (2017) Mol Med, 22, pp. 873-885; Rasouli, N., Kern, P.A., Adipocytokines and the metabolic complications of obesity (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93 (11), pp. S64-S73; Singla, P., Bardoloi, A., Parkash, A., Metabolic effects of obesity: a review (2010) World J Diabetes, 1, pp. 76-88; Zhu, L., She, Z.-G., Cheng, X., Association of blood glucose control and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing type 2 diabetes (2020) Cell Metab, 31. , -77; Sheetz, M.J., King, G.L., Molecular understanding of hyperglycemia's adverse effects for diabetic complications (2002) JAMA, 288 (20), pp. 2579-2588; Tsai, S., Clemente-Casares, X., Zhou, A.C., Insulin receptor-mediated stimulation boosts T cell immunity during inflammation and infection (2018) Cell Metab, 28. , -34; Saucillo, D.C., Gerriets, V.A., Sheng, J., Rathmell, J.C., Maciver, N.J., Leptin metabolically licenses T cells for activation to link nutrition and immunity (2014) J Immunol, 192 (1), pp. 136-144; Ganeshan, K., Chawla, A., Metabolic regulation of immune responses (2014) Annu Rev Immunol, 32 (1), pp. 609-634; Calder, P.C., n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases (2006) Am J Clin Nutr, 83, pp. 1505s-1519s; Calder, P.C., Polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammation (2006) Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 75 (3), pp. 197-202; Norris, P.C., Dennis, E.A., Omega-3 fatty acids cause dramatic changes in TLR4 and purinergic eicosanoid signaling (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109 (22), pp. 8517-8522; Kris-Etherton, P., Taylor, D.S., Yu-Poth, S., Polyunsaturated fatty acids in the food chain in the United States (2000) Am J Clin Nutr, 71 (1), pp. 179S-188S; Crouch, M., Al-Shaer, A., Shaikh, S.R., Hormonal dysregulation and unbalanced specialized pro-resolving mediator biosynthesis contribute toward impaired B cell outcomes in obesity (2020) Mol Nutr Food Res, , https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201900924; Glende, J., Schwegmann-Wessels, C., Al-Falah, M., Importance of cholesterol-rich membrane microdomains in the interaction of the S protein of SARS-coronavirus with the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (2008) Virology, 381 (2), pp. 215-221; Zheng, K., Gao, F., Wang, X.-B., Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (2020) Metabolism, 108. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154244; Stefan, N., Birkenfeld, A.L., Schulze, M.B., Ludwig, D.S., Obesity and impaired metabolic health in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nat Rev Endocrinol, 16 (7), pp. 341-342; Sattar, N., McInnes, I.B., McMurray, J.J.V., Obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection: multiple potential mechanisms (2020) Circulation, 142 (1), pp. 4-6; van der Weerd, K., Dik, W.A., Schrijver, B., Morbidly obese human subjects have increased peripheral blood CD4+ T cells with skewing toward a Treg- and Th2-dominated phenotype (2012) Diabetes, 61 (2), pp. 401-408; Han, J.M., Patterson, S.J., Speck, M., Ehses, J.A., Levings, M.K., Insulin inhibits IL-10-mediated regulatory T cell function: implications for obesity (2014) J Immunol, 192 (2), pp. 623-629; Milner, J.J., Sheridan, P.A., Karlsson, E.A., Schultz-Cherry, S., Shi, Q., Beck, M.A., Diet-induced obese mice exhibit altered heterologous immunity during a secondary 2009 pandemic H1N1 infection (2013) J Immunol, 191 (5), pp. 2474-2485; Lee, J.S., Park, S., Jeong, H.W., Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza s the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19 (2020) Sci Immunol, 5 (49). , https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abd1554; McLaughlin, T., Ackerman, S.E., Shen, L., Engleman, E., Role of innate and adaptive immunity in obesity-associated metabolic disease (2017) J Clin Invest, 127 (1), pp. 5-13; Jagannathan-Bogdan, M., McDonnell, M.E., Shin, H., Elevated proinflammatory cytokine production by a skewed T cell compartment requires monocytes and promotes inflammation in type 2 diabetes (2011) J Immunol, 186 (2), pp. 1162-1172; McLaughlin, T., Liu, L.F., Lamendola, C., T-cell profile in adipose tissue is associated with insulin resistance and systemic inflammation in humans (2014) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 34 (12), pp. 2637-2643; Ip, B., Cilfone, N.A., Belkina, A.C., Th17 cytokines differentiate obesity from obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and promote TNFα production (2016) Obesity (Silver Spring), 24, pp. 102-112; Nicholas, D.A., Proctor, E.A., Agrawal, M., Fatty acid metabolites combine with reduced β oxidation to activate Th17 inflammation in human type 2 diabetes (2019) Cell Metab, 30. , -61; Ryan, P.M., Caplice, N.M., Is adipose tissue a reservoir for viral spread, immune activation, and cytokine amplification in coronavirus disease 2019? (2020) Obesity, 28 (7), pp. 1191-1194; Misumi, I., Starmer, J., Uchimura, T., Obesity expands a distinct population of T cells in adipose tissue and increases vulnerability to infection (2019) Cell Rep, 27. , -24; Kruglikov, I.L., Scherer, P.E., The role of adipocytes and adipocyte-like cells in the severity of COVID-19 infections (2020) Obesity, 28 (7), pp. 1187-1190; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271.e8-280.e8; Ruan, Q., Yang, K., Wang, W., Jiang, L., Song, J., Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China (2020) Intensive Care Med, 46, pp. 846-848; Fanelli, V., Ranieri, V.M., Mechanisms and clinical consequences of acute lung injury (2015) Ann Am Thorac Soc, 12, pp. S3-S8; Zhi, G., Xin, W., Ying, W., Guohong, X., Shuying, L., "Obesity Paradox" in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Asystematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2016) PLoS ONE, 11 (9). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163677; Channappanavar, R., Perlman, S., Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology (2017) Semin Immunopathol, 39 (5), pp. 529-539; Fehr, A.R., Channappanavar, R., Perlman, S., Middle East respiratory syndrome: emergence of a pathogenic human coronavirus (2017) Annu Rev Med, 68 (1), pp. 387-399; Paquette, S., Banner, D., Zhao, Z., Interleukin-6 is a potential biomarker for severe pandemic H1N1 influenza a infection (2012) PLoS ONE, 7 (6). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038214; Tan, L., Wang, Q., Zhang, D., Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study (2020) Signal Transduct Target Ther, 5 (1), p. 33. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-020-0148-4; Chen, G., Wu, D., Guo, W., Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J Clin Invest, 130 (5), pp. 2620-2629; Paich, H.A., Sheridan, P.A., Handy, J., Overweight and obese adult humans have a defective cellular immune response to pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus (2013) Obesity (Silver Spring), 21 (11), pp. 2377-2386; Cohen, P.G., Obesity in men: the hypogonadal-estrogen receptor relationship and its effect on glucose homeostasis (2008) Med Hypotheses, 70 (2), pp. 358-360; Liu, H., Liu, K., Bodenner, D.L., Estrogen receptor inhibits interleukin-6 gene expression by disruption of nuclear factor kappaB transactivation (2005) Cytokine, 31 (4), pp. 251-257; Robinson, D., Hall, O., Nilles, T., Bream, J., Klein, S., 17β-Estradiol protects females against influenza by recruiting neutrophils and increasing virus-specific CD8 T cell responses in the lungs (2014) J Virol, 88 (9), pp. 4711-4720; Schneider, G., Kirschner, M.A., Berkowitz, R., Ertel, N.H., Increased estrogen production in obese men (1979) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 48 (4), pp. 633-638; Montopoli, M., Zumerle, S., Vettor, R., Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532) (2020) Ann Oncol, 31 (8), pp. 1040-1045; Cure, E., Cumhur Cure, M., Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Diabetes Metab Syndr, 14 (4), pp. 349-350; Mehta, N., Mazer-Amirshahi, M., Alkindi, N., Pourmand, A., Pharmacotherapy in COVID-19; a narrative review for emergency providers (2020) Am J Emerg Med, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.035; Moore, J.B., June, C.H., Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19 (2020) Science, 368 (6490), pp. 473-474; Xu, X., Han, M., Li, T., Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci, 117, pp. 10970-10975; Horby, P., Lim, W.S., Emberson, J., (2020) Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19: preliminary report, , medRxiv., 2020.06.22.20137273; Johnson, R.M., Vinetz, J.M., Dexamethasone in the management of covid-19 (2020) BMJ, 370. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2648; Sheridan, P.A., Paich, H.A., Handy, J., Obesity is associated with impaired immune response to influenza vaccination in humans (2012) Int J Obes (Lond), 36, pp. 1072-1077; Neidich, S.D., Green, W.D., Rebeles, J., Increased risk of influenza among vaccinated adults who are obese (2017) Int J Obes (Lond), 41, pp. 1324-1330; Karlsson, E.A., Hertz, T., Johnson, C., Obesity outweighs protection conferred by adjuvanted influenza vaccination (2016) MBio, 7, pp. e01144-e01116; Eliakim, A., Swindt, C., Zaldivar, F., Casali, P., Cooper, D.M., Reduced tetanus antibody titers in overweight children (2006) Autoimmunity, 39, pp. 137-141; Painter, S.D., Ovsyannikova, I.G., Poland, G.A., The weight of obesity on the human immune response to vaccination (2015) Vaccine, 33, pp. 4422-4429; Seow, J., Graham, C., Merrick, B., (2020) Longitudinal evaluation and decline of antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection, , medRxiv., 2020.07.09.20148429; Wu, L.P., Wang, N.C., Chang, Y.H., Duration of antibody responses after severe acute respiratory syndrome (2007) Emerg Infect Dis, 13 (10), pp. 1562-1564; Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S.I., Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals (2020) Cell, 181. , -501; Braun, J., Loyal, L., Frentsch, M., (2020) Presence of SARS-CoV-2 reactive T cells in COVID-19 patients and healthy donors, , medRxiv., 2020.04.17.20061440; Le Bert, N., Tan, A.T., Kunasegaran, K., SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2550-z; Altmann, D.M., Boyton, R.J., SARS-CoV-2 T cell immunity: specificity, function, durability, and role in protection (2020) Sci Immunol, 5 (49). , https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abd6160; (2020) 2020 Global nutrition report: action on equity to end malnutrition, p. 172. , Development Initiatives Bristol, UK; Rundle, A.G., Park, Y., Herbstman, J.B., Kinsey, E.W., Wang, Y.C., COVID-19-related school closings and risk of weight gain among children (2020) Obesity (Silver Spring), 28, pp. 1008-1009; Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Pivari, F., Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey (2020) J Transl Med, 18 (1), p. 229. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5; (2020) The impact of coronavirus on packaged and fresh food, , Euromonitor International London; Rico-Campà, A., Martínez-González, M.A., Alvarez-Alvarez, I., Association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and all cause mortality: SUN prospective cohort study (2019) BMJ, 365. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l1949; Mendonça, R.D., Pimenta, A.M., Gea, A., Ultraprocessed food consumption and risk of overweight and obesity: the University of Navarra Follow-Up (SUN) cohort study (2016) Am J Clin Nutr, 104 (5), pp. 1433-1440; Cunha, D.B., da Costa, T.H.M., da Veiga, G.V., Pereira, R.A., Sichieri, R., Ultra-processed food consumption and adiposity trajectories in a Brazilian cohort of adolescents: ELANA study (2018) Nutr Diabetes, 8 (1), p. 28. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-018-0043-z; Mendonça, R.D., Lopes, A.C., Pimenta, A.M., Gea, A., Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Ultra-processed food consumption and the incidence of hypertension in a Mediterranean cohort: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra Project (2017) Am J Hypertens, 30 (4), pp. 358-366; Rohatgi, K.W., Tinius, R.A., Cade, W.T., Steele, E.M., Cahill, A.G., Parra, D.C., Relationships between consumption of ultra-processed foods, gestational weight gain and neonatal outcomes in a sample of US pregnant women (2017) PeerJ, 5. , https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4091; Vandevijvere, S., Jaacks, L.M., Monteiro, C.A., Global trends in ultraprocessed food and drink product sales and their association with adult body mass index trajectories (2019) Obes Rev, 20, pp. 10-19; Hall, K.D., Ayuketah, A., Brychta, R., Ultra-processed diets cause excess calorie intake and weight gain: an inpatient randomized controlled trial of ad libitum food intake (2019) Cell Metab, 30, pp. 67-77.e3; Lawrence, M.A., Baker, P.I., Ultra-processed food and adverse health outcomes (2019) BMJ, 365, p. l2289. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l2289; Srour, B., Fezeu, L.K., Kesse-Guyot, E., Ultra-processed food intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: prospective cohort study (NutriNet-Santé) (2019) BMJ, 365. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l1451; Fiolet, T., Srour, B., Sellem, L., Consumption of ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: results from NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort (2018) BMJ, 360. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k322; Rauber, F., Campagnolo, P.D., Hoffman, D.J., Vitolo, M.R., Consumption of ultra-processed food products and its effects on children's lipid profiles: a longitudinal study (2015) Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 25 (1), pp. 116-122; Adjibade, M., Julia, C., Allès, B., Prospective association between ultra-processed food consumption and incident depressive symptoms in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2019) BMC Med, 17 (1), p. 78. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-019-1312-y; Costa, C.S., Rauber, F., Leffa, P.S., Sangalli, C.N., Campagnolo, P.D.B., Vitolo, M.R., Ultra-processed food consumption and its effects on anthropometric and glucose profile: a longitudinal study during childhood (2019) Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 29 (2), pp. 177-184; Gómez-Donoso, C., Sánchez-Villegas, A., Martínez-González, M.A., Ultra-processed food consumption and the incidence of depression in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN Project (2020) Eur J Nutr, 59, pp. 1093-1103; Kim, H., Hu, E.A., Rebholz, C.M., Ultra-processed food intake and mortality in the USA: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994) (2019) Public Health Nutr, 22 (10), pp. 1777-1785; Rauber, F., da Costa Louzada, M.L., Steele, E.M., Millett, C., Monteiro, C.A., Levy, R.B., Ultra-processed food consumption and chronic non-communicable diseases-related dietary nutrient profile in the UK (2008−2014) (2018) Nutrients, 10 (5). , https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050587; Sandoval-Insausti, H., Blanco-Rojo, R., Graciani, A., Ultra-processed food consumption and incident frailty: a prospective cohort study of older adults (2019) J Gerontol: Ser A, 75, pp. 1126-1133; Schnabel, L., Kesse-Guyot, E., Allès, B., Association between ultraprocessed food consumption and risk of mortality among middle-aged adults in France (2019) JAMA Intern Med, 179 (4), pp. 490-498; Pries, A.M., Ferguson, E.L., Sharma, N., Upadhyay, A., Filteau, S., Exploratory analysis of nutritional quality and metrics of snack consumption among Nepali children during the complementary feeding period (2019) Nutrients, 11 (12), p. 2962. , https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122962; Kissler, S.M., Tedijanto, C., Goldstein, E., Grad, Y.H., Lipsitch, M., Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period (2020) Science, 368 (6493), pp. 860-868; Corvalán, C., Reyes, M., Garmendia, M.L., Uauy, R., Structural responses to the obesity and non-communicable diseases epidemic: update on the Chilean law of food labelling and advertising (2019) Obes Rev, 20 (3), pp. 367-374; Taillie, L.S., Reyes, M., Colchero, M.A., Popkin, B., Corvalán, C., An evaluation of Chile's Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: a before-and-after study (2020) PLoS Med, 17. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003015; Kanter, R., Boza, S., Strengthening local food systems in times of concomitant global crises: reflections from Chile (2020) Am J Public Health, 110 (7), pp. 971-973; Endevelt, R., IGrotto, I., Sheffer, R., Policy and practice—regulatory measures to improve the built nutrition environment for prevention of individuals with obesity and related morbidity in Israel (2017) Public Health Panorama, 3, pp. 567-575 PY - 2020 SN - 14677881 (ISSN) ST - Individuals with obesity and COVID-19: A global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships T2 - Obesity Reviews TI - Individuals with obesity and COVID-19: A global perspective on the epidemiology and biological relationships UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089858162&doi=10.1111%2fobr.13128&partnerID=40&md5=d77577b2659708693d8911884b7f0e2f VL - 21 ID - 311 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The spread of the SARSCov2 virus presents an unprecedented event that rapidly introduced widespread life threat, economic de-stabilization, and social isolation. The human nervous system is tuned to detect safety and danger, integrating body and brain responses via the autonomic nervous system. Polyvagal Theory provides a perspective to understand the impact of the pandemic on mental and physical health. This perspective highlights the important role of the state of the autonomic nervous system in exacerbating or dampening threat reactions to the pandemic. In addition, the theory alerts us to the impact of clinical history (e.g., trauma) on autonomic regulation as an important compounding risk factor lowering the threshold to behaviorally and physiologically destabilize in response to the pandemic. The theory provides a strategy to dampen the adverse reactions to threat (e.g., acute stress disorders) through portals of social engagement that evolved to downregulate defenses to promote calmness and connectedness. © Clinical Neuropsychiatry. AD - Traumatic Stress Research Consortium, Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, United States Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Porges, S. W. DB - Scopus DO - 10.36131/CN20200220 IS - 2 J2 - Clin. Neuropsychiatry KW - Autonomic regulation COVID-19 pandemic Nervous system Polyvagal theory SARSCov2 virus acute stress anxiety Article autonomic nervous system awareness coronavirus disease 2019 disease exacerbation facial expression human mental health pandemic public health risk factor social distance social interaction videoconferencing LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Porges, S.W.; Indiana University, United States; email: sporges@indiana.edu References: Cabrera, A., Kolacz, J., Pailhez, G., Bulbena‐Cabre, A., Bulbena, A., Porges, S.W., Assessing body awareness and autonomic reactivity: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Body Perception Questionnaire‐Short Form (BPQ‐SF) (2018) International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 27 (2); Dobzhansky, T., (1962) Mankind Evolving, pp. 150-152. , New Haven: Yale University Press; Dobzhansky, T., Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution (1973) The American Biology Teacher, 35 (3), pp. 125-129; Hess, W.R., Nobel lecture. Nobel Lectures (1949) Physiology Or Medicine (1942-1962).; Jackson, J.H., The Croonian lectures on evolution and dissolution of the nervous system (1884) British Medical Journal, 1 (1215), p. 703; Kolacz, J., Dale, L., Nix, E., Lewis, G.F., Porges, S.W., Trauma History Predicts Self-Reported Autonomic Reactivity and Psychological Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic.; Porges, S., Body perception questionnaire (1993) Laboratory of Developmental Assessment, , University of Maryland; Porges, S.W., Orienting in a defensive world: Mammalian modifications of our evolutionary heritage. A polyvagal theory (1995) Psychophysiology, 32 (4), pp. 301-318; Porges, S.W., Social engagement and attachment: A phylogenetic perspective (2003) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1008 (1), pp. 31-47; Porges, S.W., Neuroception: A subconscious system for detecting threats and safety (2004) Zero to Three (J), 24 (5), pp. 19-24; Porges, S.W., The polyvagal perspective (2007) Biological Psychology, 74 (2), pp. 116-143; Porges, S.W., The polyvagal theory: New insights into adaptive reactions of the autonomic nervous system (2009) Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 76, p. S86 PY - 2020 SN - 17244935 (ISSN) SP - 135-138 ST - The COVID-19 pandemic is a paradoxical challenge to our nervous system: A polyvagal perspective T2 - Clinical Neuropsychiatry TI - The COVID-19 pandemic is a paradoxical challenge to our nervous system: A polyvagal perspective UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083881223&doi=10.36131%2fCN20200220&partnerID=40&md5=17966e5d46dd3f6fe546173445825253 VL - 17 ID - 573 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Black communities in the United States are bearing the brunt of the COVID-19 pandemic and the underlying conditions that exacerbate its negative consequences. Syndemic theory provides a useful framework for understanding how such interacting epidemics develop under conditions of health and social disparity. Multiple historical and present-day factors have created the syndemic conditions within which black Americans experience the lethal force of COVID-19. These factors include racism and its manifestations (e.g., chattel slavery, mortgage redlining, political gerrymandering, lack of Medicaid expansion, employment discrimination, and health care provider bias). Improving racial disparities in COVID-19 will require that we implement policies that address structural racism at the root of these disparities. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States amfAR: The Foundation for AIDS Research, New York, NY, United States Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, United States Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States AU - Poteat, T. AU - Millett, G. A. AU - Nelson, L. E. AU - Beyrer, C. C2 - 32419765 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.004 J2 - Ann. Epidemiol. KW - Black Americans COVID-19 Health disparities HIV Syndemic theory Black person coronavirus disease 2019 crowding (area) disease surveillance Georgia (U.S.) government health care access health care disparity health care policy health insurance housing human infection risk Note politics priority journal racism screening social status syndemic African American Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection ethnology health disparity pandemic socioeconomics United States virus pneumonia African Americans Coronavirus Infections Health Status Disparities Healthcare Disparities Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Socioeconomic Factors LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :49 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ANNPE Correspondence Address: Poteat, T.; Department of Social Medicine, 333 South Columbia Street, CB#7240, United States; email: tonia_poteat@med.unc.edu Funding text 1: Supported by the Desmond M. Tutu Professorship in Public Health and Human Rights at Johns Hopkins University. References: Cases of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in the U.S https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html, (Accessed 24 April 2020); Ostchega, Y., Fryar, C.D., Nwankwo, T., Nguyen, D.T., Hypertension prevalence among adults aged 18 and over: United States, 2017–2018. NCHS Data Brief No. 364 (2020), National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville, MD; Mendola, N.D., Chen, T.-C., Gu, Q., Eberhardt, M.S., Saydah, S., Prevalence of total, diagnosed, and undiagnosed diabetes among adults: United States, 2013–2016. NCHS Data Brief No. 319 (2018), National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville, MD; Hales, C.M., Carroll, M.D., Fryar, C.D., Ogden, C.L., Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017–2018. HCHS Data Brief No. 360 (2020), National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville, MD; Marron, M.M., Ives, D.G., Boudreau, R.M., Harris, T.B., Newman, A.B., Racial differences in cause-specific mortality between community-dwelling older black and white adults (2018) J Am Geriatr Soc, 66 (10), pp. 1980-1986; Artiga, S., Orgera, K., Damico, A., Changes in health coverage by race and ethnicity since implementation of the ACA, 2013–2017 (2019) Kaiser Family Foundation, Issue Brief, , https://www.kff.org/disparities-policy/issue-brief/changes-in-health-coverage-by-race-and-ethnicity-since-the-aca-2010-2018/, (Accessed 29 April 2020); Stimpson, J.P., Wilson, F.A., Medicaid expansion improved health insurance coverage for immigrants, but disparities persist (2018) Health Aff (Millwood), 37 (10), pp. 1656-1662; Kayla, B., Nikki, S., Surgeon General is under fire for telling Black Americans not to smoke, drink or take drugs and ‘highly offensive’ use of ‘big momma’ as coronavirus pandemic hits black community hardest (2020) Daily Mail, , https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8210359/Surgeon-general-fire-offensive-instruction-black-Americans-not-smoke-drink.html, (Accessed 29 April 2020); Adimora, A.A., Cole, S.R., Eron, J.J., US black women and human immunodeficiency virus prevention: time for new approaches to clinical trials (2017) Clin Infect Dis, 65 (2), pp. 324-327; Millett, G.A., Jeffries, W.L., Peterson, J.L., Malebranche, D.J., Lane, T., Flores, S.A., Common roots: a contextual review of HIV epidemics in black men who have sex with men across the African diaspora (2012) Lancet, 380 (9839), pp. 411-423; Dyer, T.P., Shoptaw, S., Guadamuz, T.E., Plankey, M., Kao, U., Ostrow, D., Application of syndemic theory to black men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (2012) J Urban Health, 89 (4), pp. 697-708; Singer, M.C., Erickson, P.I., Badiane, L., Diaz, R., Ortiz, D., Abraham, T., Syndemics, sex and the city: understanding sexually transmitted diseases in social and cultural context (2006) Soc Sci Med, 63 (8), pp. 2010-2021; Williams, R.A., Historical perspectives of healthcare disparities (2007) Eliminating Healthc Disparities America, pp. 3-19. , Humana Press Inc Totowa, NJ; Schaeffer, K., In a rising number of U.S. counties, Hispanic and black Americans are the majority (2019), https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/11/20/in-a-rising-number-of-u-s-counties-hispanic-and-black-americans-are-the-majority/, Pew Research Center Washington, DC (Accessed 27 April 2020); Jeffries, M.P., Obamacare repeal is based on racial resentment (2017), https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2017/05/05/obamacare-repeal-based-racial-resentment/iVNtB9fpr3JNm7IKfYyorK/story.html, (Accessed 4 May 2020); Lubrano, A., High-income Philadelphians getting tested for coronavirus at far higher rates than low-income residents. The Philadelphia Inquirer (2020), https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/coronavirus-testing-inequality-poverty-philadelphia-health-insurance-20200406.html, (Accessed 27 April 2020); van Ryn, M., Burgess, D.J., Dovidio, J.F., Phelan, S.M., Saha, S., Malat, J., The impact of racism on clinician cognition, behavior, and clinical decision-making (2011) Du Bois Rev, 8 (1), pp. 199-218; Mitropoulos, A., Moseley, M., Beloved Brooklyn teacher, 30, dies of coronavirus after she was twice denied a COVID-19 test. ABC News (2020), https://abcnews.go.com/Health/beloved-brooklyn-teacher-30-dies-coronavirus-denied-covid/story?id=70376445, (Accessed 29 April 2020); Shamus, K.J., Family ravaged by coronavirus begged for tests, hospital care but was repeatedly denied. USA Today (2020), https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/04/20/coronavirus-racial-disparity-denied-tests-hospitalization/5163056002/, (Accessed 29 April 2020); Lothian-Mclean, M., Black woman in US dies after being turned away from hospital she worked at for 31 years. Independent (2020), https://www.indy100.com/article/coronavirus-black-health-care-worker-dies-test-detroit-deborah-gatewood-9485341, (Accessed 29 April 2020); Characteristics of minimum wage workers, 2018 (2019) BLS Reports, , https://www.bls.gov/opub/reports/minimum-wage/2018/pdf/home.pdf, (Accessed 27 April 2020); Resident Characteristic Report [database on the Internet] (2020), https://pic.hud.gov/pic/RCRPublic/rcrmain.asp, (Accessed 26 April 2020); Farmer, P.E., Nizeye, B., Stulac, S., Keshavjee, S., Structural violence and clinical medicine (2006) PLoS Med, 3 (10), p. e449; Massey, D.S., Denton, N.A., American apartheid: segregation and the making of the underclass (1993), Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA; Durst, N.J., Racial gerrymandering of municipal borders: direct democracy, participatory democracy, and voting rights in the United States (2018) Ann Am Assoc Geogr, 108 (4), pp. 938-954; Sharkey, P., The US has a collective action problem that's larger than the coronavirus crisis: data show one of the strongest predictors of social distancing behavior is attitudes toward climate change. Vox (2020), https://www.vox.com/2020/4/10/21216216/coronavirus-social-distancing-texas-unacast-climate-change, (Accessed 26 April 2020); Macdonald, M., We Must Treat Climate Change as a Racial Justice Issue (2019), https://changewire.org/we-must-treat-climate-change-as-a-racial-justice-issue/, (Accessed 4 May 2020); Shear, M.D., Mervosh, S., Trump encourages protest against governors who have imposed virus restrictions. New York Times (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/17/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-governors.html, (Accessed 4 May 2020); Trump on climate change report: 'I don't believe it'. BBC News (2018), https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46351940, (Accessed 4 May 2020); Ballew, M., Maibach, E., Kotcher, J., Bergquist, P., Rosenthal, S., Marlon, J., Which racial/ethnic groups care most about climate change? Yale Program on Climate Change Communication (2020), https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/race-and-climate-change/, (Accessed 4 May 2020); Reality check: Who voted for Donald Trump? BBC News (2016), https://www.bbc.com/news/election-us-2016-37922587, (Accessed 4 May 2020); Fowler, M., 'It Hit Like a Bomb.' A georgia coroner on how the coronavirus is ravaging his community. Time (2020), https://time.com/collection/coronavirus-heroes/5816891/coroner-georgia-coronavirus/, (Accessed 26 April 2020); Census Reporter https://censusreporter.org/profiles/05000US13095-dougherty-county-ga/, (Accessed 29 April 2020)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086005456&doi=10.1016%2fj.annepidem.2020.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=a1703abdaf2fbedd27bbea1d4bd42084 PY - 2020 SN - 10472797 (ISSN) SP - 1-3 ST - Understanding COVID-19 risks and vulnerabilities among black communities in America: the lethal force of syndemics T2 - Annals of Epidemiology TI - Understanding COVID-19 risks and vulnerabilities among black communities in America: the lethal force of syndemics VL - 47 ID - 466 ER - TY - JOUR AB - BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a new pandemic, and its impact by HIV status is unknown. National reporting does not include gender identity; therefore, data are absent on the impact of COVID-19 on transgender people, including those with HIV. Baseline data from the American Cohort to Study HIV Acquisition Among Transgender Women in High Risk Areas (LITE) Study provide an opportunity to examine pre-COVID factors that may increase vulnerability to COVID-19-related harms among transgender women. SETTING: Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Miami, New York City, Washington, DC. METHODS: Baseline data from LITE were analyzed for demographic, psychosocial, and material factors that may affect vulnerability to COVID-related harms. RESULTS: The 1020 participants had high rates of poverty, unemployment, food insecurity, homelessness, and sex work. Transgender women with HIV (n = 273) were older, more likely to be Black, had lower educational attainment, and were more likely to experience material hardship. Mental and behavioral health symptoms were common and did not differ by HIV status. Barriers to health care included being mistreated, provider discomfort serving transgender women, and past negative experiences; as well as material hardships, such as cost and transportation. However, most reported access to material and social support-demonstrating resilience. CONCLUSIONS: Transgender women with HIV may be particularly vulnerable to pandemic harms. Mitigating this harm would benefit everyone, given the highly infectious nature of this coronavirus. Collecting gender identity in COVID-19 data is crucial to inform an effective public health response. Transgender-led organizations' response to this crisis serve as an important model for effective community-led interventions. AD - Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, MA, Boston Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, MA, Boston DCWA Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, Baltimore, United States AU - Poteat, T. C. AU - Reisner, S. L. AU - Miller, M. AU - Wirtz, A. L. C2 - 33136755 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002490 IS - 4 J2 - J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr KW - complication Coronavirus infection female health care delivery human Human immunodeficiency virus infection longitudinal study male Massachusetts pandemic psychology social isolation social support socioeconomics transgender United States virus pneumonia vulnerable population Boston Coronavirus Infections Health Services Accessibility HIV Infections Humans Longitudinal Studies Mid-Atlantic Region Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Psychosocial Deprivation Socioeconomic Factors Southeastern United States Transgender Persons Vulnerable Populations LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 19447884 (ISSN) SP - e67-e69 ST - Vulnerability to COVID-19-related Harms Among Transgender Women With and Without HIV Infection in the Eastern and Southern U.S T2 - Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) TI - Vulnerability to COVID-19-related Harms Among Transgender Women With and Without HIV Infection in the Eastern and Southern U.S UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095396621&doi=10.1097%2fQAI.0000000000002490&partnerID=40&md5=d2a035af122d76982513b2efc44d6789 VL - 85 ID - 268 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that first emerged in late 2019 is responsible for a pandemic of severe respiratory illness. People infected with this highly contagious virus can present with clinically inapparent, mild, or severe disease. Currently, the virus infection in individuals and at the population level is being monitored by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of symptomatic patients for the presence of viral RNA. There is an urgent need for SARS-CoV-2 serologic tests to identify all infected individuals, irrespective of clinical symptoms, to conduct surveillance and implement strategies to contain spread. As the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein is poorly conserved between SARS-CoVs and other pathogenic human coronaviruses, the RBD represents a promising antigen for detecting CoV-specific antibodies in people. Here, we use a large panel of human sera (63 SARS-CoV-2 patients and 71 control individuals) and hyperimmune sera from animals exposed to zoonotic CoVs to evaluate RBD’s performance as an antigen for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2–specific antibodies. By day 9 after the onset of symptoms, the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen was highly sensitive (98%) and specific (100%) for antibodies induced by SARS-CoVs. We observed a strong correlation between levels of RBD-binding antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in patients. Our results, which reveal the early kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses, support using the RBD antigen in serological diagnostic assays and RBD-specific antibody levels as a correlate of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in people. Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY). AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Immunology/Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratories, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Decatur, GA 30322, United States Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, Institute for Immunology (LJI), San Diego, CA 92037, United States Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA 92037, United States AU - Premkumar, L. AU - Segovia-Chumbez, B. AU - Jadi, R. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Raut, R. AU - Markmann, A. J. AU - Cornaby, C. AU - Bartelt, L. AU - Weiss, S. AU - Park, Y. AU - Edwards, C. E. AU - Weimer, E. AU - Scherer, E. M. AU - Rouphael, N. AU - Edupuganti, S. AU - Weiskopf, D. AU - Tse, L. V. AU - Hou, Y. J. AU - Margolis, D. AU - Sette, A. AU - Collins, M. H. AU - Schmitz, J. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - de Silva, A. M. C2 - 32527802 C7 - eabc8413 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/SCIIMMUNOL.ABC8413 IS - 48 J2 - Sci. Immunol. KW - neutralizing antibody virus RNA virus spike protein coronavirus spike glycoprotein epitope monoclonal antibody protein binding spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody antibody detection antibody response antibody specificity antigen detection Article coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity human nonhuman pandemic polymerase chain reaction priority journal protein domain receptor binding sensitivity and specificity serology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 symptomatology virion virus infection animal Bagg albino mouse Betacoronavirus blood chemistry Coronavirus infection immunology kinetics Leporidae mouse SARS coronavirus virology virus pneumonia zoonosis Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Coronavirus Infections Humans Immunodominant Epitopes Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Protein Domains Rabbits SARS Virus Serologic Tests Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Zoonoses LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :140 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Premkumar, L.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, United States; email: prem@med.unc.edu Correspondence Address: de Silva, A.M.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, United States; email: aravinda_desilva@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Immunodominant Epitopes; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: T32 AI007151 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 75N9301900065 Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF Funding details: School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Funding text 1: This work was funded by the University of North Carolina School of Medicine (to L.P. and A.M.d.S.), NIH contract 75N9301900065 (to A.S. and D.W.), NIH NIAID T32 AI007151 (to D.M.), and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award (to D.M.). References: Jin, Y., Yang, H., Ji, W., Wu, W., Chen, S., Zhang, W., Duan, G., Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of COVID19 (2020) Viruses, 12, p. 372; Winter, A. K., Hegde, S. T., The important role of serology for COVID19 control (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis; Guo, L., Ren, L., Yang, S., Xiao, M., Chang, D., Yang, F., dela Cruz, C. S., Wang, J., Profiling early humoral response to diagnose novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis, p. ciaa310; Okba, N. M. A., Müller, M. A., Li, W., Wang, C., GeurtsvanKessel, C. H., Corman, V. M., Lamers, M. M., Haagmans, B. L., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2specific antibody responses in coronavirus disease 2019 patients (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 26; To, K. K.W., Tsang, O. T.Y., Leung, W.S., Tam, A. R., Wu, T.C., Lung, D. C., Yip, C. C.Y., Yuen, K.Y., Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARSCoV2: An observational cohort study (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20, pp. 565-574; Zhao, J., Yuan, Q., Wang, H., Liu, W., Liao, X., Su, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, Z., Antibody responses to SARSCoV2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis, p. ciaa344; Hsueh, P.R., Huang, L.M., Chen, P.J., Kao, C.L., Yang, P.C., Chronological evolution of IgM, IgA, IgG and neutralisation antibodies after infection with SARSassociated coronavirus (2004) Clin. Microbiol. Infect, 10, pp. 1062-1066; Choe, P. G., Perera, R. A. P. M., Park, W. B., Song, K.H., Bang, J. H., Kim, E. S., Kim, H. B., Oh, M.D., MERSCoV antibody responses 1 year after symptom onset, South Korea, 2015 (2017) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 23, pp. 1079-1084; Liu, W., Fontanet, A., Zhang, P.H., Zhan, L., Xin, Z.T., Baril, L., Tang, F., Cao, W.C., Twoyear prospective study of the humoral immune response of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2006) J. Infect. Dis, 193, pp. 792-795; Cui, J., Li, F., Shi, Z.L., Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses (2019) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 17, pp. 181-192; Li, Z., Yi, Y., Luo, X., Xiong, N., Liu, Y., Li, S., Sun, R., Ye, F., Development and clinical application of a rapid IgMIgG combined antibody test for SARSCoV2 infection diagnosis J. Med. Virol, 2020, pp. 1-7. , 2020; Chan, K.H., Chan, J. F.W., Tse, H., Chen, H., Lau, C. C.Y., Cai, J.P., Tsang, A. K.L., Yuen, K.Y., Crossreactive antibodies in convalescent SARS patients' sera against the emerging novel human coronavirus EMC (2012) by both immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibody tests (2013) J. Infect, 67, pp. 130-140; Patrick, D. M., Petric, M., Skowronski, D. M., Guasparini, R., Booth, T. F., Krajden, M., McGeer, P., Brunham, R. C., An outbreak of human coronavirus OC43 infection and serological crossreactivity with SARS Coronavirus (2006) Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol, 17, pp. 330-336; Maache, M., KomurianPradel, F., Rajoharison, A., Perret, M., Berland, J.L., Pouzol, S., Bagnaud, A., ParanhosBaccalà, G., Falsepositive results in a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndromeassociated coronavirus (SARSCoV) nucleocapsidbased western blot assay were rectified by the use of two subunits (S1 and S2) of spike for detection of antibody to SARSCoV (2006) Clin. Vaccine Immunol, 13, pp. 409-414; Che, X.Y., Qiu, L.W., Liao, Z.Y., Wang, Y.D., Wen, K., Pan, Y.X., Hao, W., Yuen, K.Y., Antigenic crossreactivity between severe acute respiratory syndromeassociated coronavirus and human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 (2005) J. Infect. Dis, 191, pp. 2033-2037; Meyer, B., Drosten, C., Müller, M. A., Serological assays for emerging coronaviruses: Challenges and pitfalls (2014) Virus Res, 194, pp. 175-183; Amanat, F., Stadlbauer, D., Strohmeier, S., Nguyen, T. H. O., Chromikova, V., Mahon, M. M., Jiang, K., Krammer, F., A serological assay to detect SARSCoV2 seroconversion in humans (2020) Nat. Med; Perera, R. A., Mok, C. K., Tsang, O. T., Lv, H., Ko, R. L., Wu, N. C., Yuan, M., Peiris, M., Serological assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2), March 2020 (2020) Euro Surveill, 25, p. 2000421; Du, L., He, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, S., Zheng, B.J., Jiang, S., The spike protein of SARSCoVa target for vaccine and therapeutic development (2009) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 7, pp. 226-236; Lv, H., Wu, N. C., Tsang, O. T.Y., Yuan, M., Perera, R. A. P. M., Leung, W. S., So, R. T. Y., Mok, C. K. P., Crossreactive antibody response between SARSCoV2 and SARSCoV infections (2020) Cell Rep, 31, p. 107725; Tian, X., Li, C., Huang, A., Xia, S., Lu, S., Shi, Z., Lu, L., Ying, T., Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirusspecific human monoclonal antibody (2020) Emerg. Microbes. Infect, 9, pp. 382-385; Döhla, M., Boesecke, C., Schulte, B., Diegmann, C., Sib, E., Richter, E., EschbachBludau, M., Streeck, H., Rapid pointofcare testing for SARSCoV2 in a community screening setting shows low sensitivity (2020) Public Health, 182, pp. 170-172; Wu, F., Wang, A., Liu, M., Wang, Q., Chen, J., Xia, S., Ling, Y., Huang, J., Neutralizing antibody responses to SARSCoV2 in a COVID19 recovered patient cohort and their implications https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047365, medRxiv 2020.03.30.20047365 [Preprint]. 20 April 2020; Agnihothram, S., Menachery, V. D., Yount, B. L., Lindesmith, L. C., Scobey, T., Whitmore, A., Schäfer, A., Baric, R. S., Development of a broadly accessible Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particle vaccine platform (2018) J. Virol, 92; Scobey, T., Yount, B. L., Sims, A. C., Donaldson, E. F., Agnihothram, S. S., Menachery, V. D., Graham, R. L., Baric, R. S., Reverse genetics with a fulllength infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Yount, B., Curtis, K. M., Fritz, E. A., Hensley, L. E., Jahrling, P. B., Prentice, E., Denison, M. R., Baric, R. S., Reverse genetics with a fulllength infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 100, pp. 12995-13000 PY - 2020 SN - 24709468 (ISSN) ST - The receptor-binding domain of the viral spike protein is an immunodominant and highly specific target of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients T2 - Science Immunology TI - The receptor-binding domain of the viral spike protein is an immunodominant and highly specific target of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086424350&doi=10.1126%2fSCIIMMUNOL.ABC8413&partnerID=40&md5=b0c5983efbc6718f54accb506fda31f2 VL - 5 ID - 480 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Shared positive emotions involving caring and synchrony–termed ‘positivity resonance’–are associated with mental health. We hypothesized that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, individual differences in trait resilience would be linked with better overall mental health in part because those higher in trait resilience experience more positivity resonance. We surveyed respondents nationally in April and May of 2020 (total N = 1,059), during pervasive stay-at-home orders. Participants completed self-reports of trait resilience and mental health and used the Day Reconstruction Method to describe their social and emotional experiences. Structural equation models showed perceived positivity resonance to mediate the links between trait resilience and mental health outcomes. Subsequent analyses showed these mediating effects to be independent of overall positive emotion and social interaction quantity (amongst nationwide adults). These results indicate that high-quality social connection played a uniquely important role in maintaining mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. AD - Department of Philosophy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Department of Psychology, University of California at Berkeley, United States AU - Prinzing, M. M. AU - Zhou, J. AU - West, T. N. AU - Le Nguyen, K. D. AU - Wells, J. C. AU - Fredrickson, B. L. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/17439760.2020.1858336 J2 - J. Posit. Psychol. KW - affective science Broaden-And-Build Theory Positive psychology social interaction well-being LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Fredrickson, B.L.; Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, United States; email: blf@unc.edu References: Alessandri, G., Vecchione, M., Caprara, G., Letzring, T.D., The ego resiliency scale revised: A crosscultural study in Italy, Spain, and the United States (2012) European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 28 (2), pp. 139-146. , https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000102; Algoe, S.B., Fredrickson, B.L., Gable, S.L., The social functions of the emotion of gratitude via expression (2013) Emotion, 13 (4), pp. 605-609. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032701; Bentler, P.M., Bonett, D.G., Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures (1980) Psychological Bulletin, 88 (3), pp. 588-606. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588; Bernieri, F.J., Reznick, J.S., Rosenthal, R., Synchrony, pseudosynchrony, and dissynchrony: Measuring the entrainment process in mother-infant interactions (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54 (2), pp. 243-253. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.2.243; Block, J., Kremen, A.M., IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70 (2), p. 13. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.70.2.349; Bollen, K.A., (1989) Structural Equations with Latent Variables, , John Wiley & Sons; Boothby, E.J., Clark, M.S., Bargh, J.A., Shared experiences are amplified (2014) Psychological Science, 25 (12), pp. 2209-2216. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614551162; Brown, C.L., Chen, K.-H., Otero, M., Wells, J.L., Connelly, D.E., Levenson, R.W., Fredrickson, B.L., Shared emotions in shared lives: Moments of co-experienced affect, more than individually-experienced affect, linked to relationship satisfaction Emotion, , in press; Brown, T.A., (2015) Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research, , Second, Guilford Publications, ed; Catalino, L.I., Fredrickson, B.L., A tuesday in the life of a flourisher: The role of positive emotional reactivity in optimal mental health (2011) Emotion, 11 (4), pp. 938-950. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024889; Chen, K.-H., Brown, C.L., Wells, J.L., Rothwell, E.S., Otero, M., Levenson, R.W., Fredrickson, B.L., Physiological linkage during shared positive and shared negative emotion (2020) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, , https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000337, Advance online publication; Cohen, R., Bavishi, C., Rozanski, A., Purpose in life and its relationship to all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: A meta-analysis (2016) Psychosomatic Medicine, 78 (2), pp. 122-133. , https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000274; Cohen, S., Psychosocial vulnerabilities to upper respiratory infectious illness: Implications for susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Perspectives on Psychological Science, , https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620942516, Advance online publication; Cohn, M.A., Fredrickson, B.L., Brown, S.L., Mikels, J.A., Conway, A.M., Happiness unpacked: Positive emotions increase life satisfaction by building resilience (2009) Emotion, 9 (3), pp. 361-368. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015952; Difallah, D., Filatova, E., Ipeirotis, P., Demographics and dynamics of mechanical turk workers (2018) Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining - WSDM ’18, pp. 135-143. , https://doi.org/10.1145/3159652.3159661; Eisinga, R., Te Grotenhuis, M., Pelzer, B., The reliability of a two-item scale: Pearson, cronbach, or spearman-brown? (2013) International Journal of Public Health, 58 (4), pp. 637-642. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-012-0416-3; Feldman, R., Sensitive periods in human social development: New insights from research on oxytocin, synchrony, and high-risk parenting (2015) Development and Psychopathology, 27 (2), pp. 369-395. , https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000048; Fredrickson, B.L., What good are positive emotions? (1998) Review of General Psychology, 2 (3), pp. 300-319. , https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300; Fredrickson, B.L., (2013) Love 2.0, , Hudson Street Press; Fredrickson, B.L., Positive emotions broaden and build (2013) Advances in experimental social psychology, 47, pp. 1-53. , https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00001-2, Elsevier,. P.  Devine & A. Plant (Eds.), ; Fredrickson, B.L., Love: Positivity resonance as a fresh, evidence-based perspective on an age-old topic (2016) Handbook of emotions, pp. 847-858. , Barrett L.F., Lewis M., Haviland-Jones J.M., (eds), 4th, Guilford Press,. (Eds.), ed; Fredrickson, B.L., Cohn, M.A., Coffey, K.A., Pek, J., Finkel, S.M., Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources (2008) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95 (5), pp. 1045-1062. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013262; Fredrickson, B.L., Mancuso, R.A., Branigan, C., Tugade, M.M., The undoing effect of positive emotions (2001) Motivation and Emotion, , 22(4), 237-258; Fredrickson, B.L., Tugade, M.M., Waugh, C.E., Larkin, G.R., What good are positive emotions in crises? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001 (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84 (2), pp. 365-376. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.365; Gable, S.L., Reis, H.T., Impett, E.A., Asher, E.R., What do you do when things go right? The intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits of sharing positive events (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87 (2), pp. 228-245. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.228; George, L.S., Park, C.L., Meaning in life as comprehension, purpose, and mattering: Toward integration and new research questions (2016) Review of General Psychology, 20 (3), pp. 205-220. , https://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000077; George, L.S., Park, C.L., The multidimensional existential meaning scale: A tripartite approach to measuring meaning in life (2017) The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12 (6), pp. 613-627. , https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1209546; Gonzaga, G.C., Keltner, D., Londahl, E.A., Smith, M.D., Love and the commitment problem in romantic relations and friendship (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81 (2). , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.247, 247–242; Greenstone, M., Nigam, V., Does Social Distancing Matter? (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3561244) (2020) Social Science Research Network, , https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561244; Grube, A., Schroer, J., Hentzschel, C., Hertel, G., The event reconstruction method: An efficient measure of experience-based job satisfaction (2008) Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 81 (4), pp. 669-689. , https://doi.org/10.1348/096317907X251578; Hambleton, R.K., Swaminathan, H., (2013) Item response theory: Principles and applications, , Springer Science & Business Media; Hays, R.D., Spritzer, K.L., Schalet, B.D., Cella, D., PROMIS®-29 v2.0 profile physical and mental health summary scores (2018) Quality of Life Research, 27 (7), pp. 1885-1891. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1842-3; PROMIS® Score Cut Points (2020) Health Measures: Transforming How Health Is Measured, , https://www.healthmeasures.net/score-and-interpret/interpret-scores/promis/promis-score-cut-points; Helm, J.L., Sbarra, D.A., Ferrer, E., Coregulation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in adult romantic partners (2014) Emotion, 14 (3), pp. 522-531. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035960; Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T.B., Layton, J.B., Social relationships and mortality risk: A meta-analytic review (2010) PLoS Medicine, 7 (7), pp. 1-20; Hove, M.J., Risen, J.L., It’s all in the timing: Interpersonal synchrony increases affiliation (2009) Social Cognition, 27 (6), pp. 949-960. , https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2009.27.6.949; Hu, T., Zhang, D., Wang, J., A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health (2015) Personality and Individual Differences, 76, pp. 18-27. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.039; Jacelon, C.S., The trait and process of resilience (1997) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25 (1), pp. 123-129. , https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025123.x; Jefferson, T., Foxlee, R., Mar, C.D., Dooley, L., Ferroni, E., Hewak, B., Prabhala, A., Rivetti, A., Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: Systematic review (2008) BMJ, 336 (7635), pp. 77-80. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39393.510347.BE; Jones, S.M., Wirtz, J.G., “Sad monkey see, monkey do:” Nonverbal matching in emotional support encounters (2007) Communication Studies, 58 (1), pp. 71-86. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10510970601168731; Jorgensen, T.D., Pornprasertmanit, S., Schoemann, A.M., Rosseel, Y., SemTools: Useful tools for structural equation modeling (2016) R package version 0.5-3, , https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=semTools; Kahneman, D., Krueger, A.B., Developments in the measurement of subjective well-being (2006) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 20 (1), pp. 3-24. , https://doi.org/10.1257/089533006776526030; Kahneman, D., Krueger, A.B., Schkade, D.A., Schwarz, N., Stone, A.A., A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method (2004) Science, 306 (5702), pp. 1776-1780. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1103572; Keyes, C.L.M., Promoting and protecting mental health as flourishing: A complementary strategy for improving national mental health (2007) American Psychologist, 62 (2), pp. 95-108. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.62.2.95; Keyes, C.L.M., (2009) Brief description of the mental health continuum short form (MHC-SF), , https://www.aacu.org/sites/default/files/MHC-SFEnglish.pdf; Kurtz, L.E., Algoe, S.B., When sharing a laugh means sharing more: Testing the role of shared laughter on short-term interpersonal consequences (2017) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 41 (1), pp. 45-65. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-016-0245-9; Levenson, R.W., The autonomic nervous system and emotion (2014) Emotion Review, 6 (2), pp. 100-112. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073913512003; Lü, W., Wang, Z., You, X., Physiological responses to repeated stress in individuals with high and low trait resilience (2016) Biological Psychology, 120, pp. 46-52. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.08.005; Major, B.C., Le Nguyen, K.D., Lundberg, K.B., Fredrickson, B.L., Well-being correlates of perceived positivity resonance: Evidence from trait and episode-level assessments (2018) Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, , https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167218771324, 44(12), 1631-1647; Marci, C.D., Ham, J., Moran, E., Orr, S.P., Physiologic correlates of perceived therapist empathy and social-emotional process during psychotherapy (2007) The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195 (2), pp. 103-111. , https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000253731.71025.fc; Martela, F., Sheldon, K.M., Clarifying the concept of well-being: Psychological need satisfaction as the common core connecting eudaimonic and subjective well-being (2019) Review of General Psychology, 23 (4), pp. 458-474. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1089268019880886; Martela, F., Steger, M.F., The three meanings of meaning in life: Distinguishing coherence, purpose, and significance (2016) The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11 (5), pp. 531-545. , https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2015.1137623; Mauss, I.B., Levenson, R.W., McCarter, L., Wilhelm, F.H., Gross, J.J., The tie that binds? Coherence among emotion experience, behavior, and physiology (2005) Emotion, 5 (2), pp. 175-190. , https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.5.2.175; Miller, J.D., Crowe, M., Weiss, B., Maples-Keller, J.L., Lynam, D.R., Using online, crowdsourcing platforms for data collection in personality disorder research: The example of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (2017) Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 8 (1), pp. 26-34. , https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000191; Morgan, E.M., Mara, C.A., Huang, B., Barnett, K., Carle, A.C., Farrell, J.E., Cook, K.F., Establishing clinical meaning and defining important differences for Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) measures in juvenile idiopathic arthritis using standard setting with patients, parents, and providers (2017) Quality of Life Research, 26 (3), pp. 565-586. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-016-1468-2; (2020) Mental Health—Household Pulse Survey—COVID-19, , https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/pulse/mental-health.htm, May 28; Nelson, S.K., Layous, K., Cole, S.W., Lyubomirsky, S., Do unto others or treat yourself? The effects of prosocial and self-focused behavior on psychological flourishing (2016) Emotion, 16 (6), pp. 850-861. , https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000178; Ong, A.D., Ong, A.D., Bergeman, C.S., Bisconti, T.L., Wallace, K.A., Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life (2016) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91 (4), pp. 730-749. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.730; Otero, M.C., Wells, J.L., Chen, K.-H., Brown, C.L., Connelly, D.E., Levenson, R.W., Fredrickson, B.L., Behavioral indices of positivity resonance associated with long-term marital satisfaction Emotion, 20(7), 1225–1233, , https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000634, 20; Pachucki, M.C., Ozer, E.J., Barrat, A., Cattuto, C., Mental health and social networks in early adolescence: A dynamic study of objectively-measured social interaction behaviors (2015) Social Science & Medicine, 125, pp. 40-50. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.04.015; Payton, A.R., Mental health, mental illness, and psychological distress: Same continuum or distinct phenomena? (2009) Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 50 (2), pp. 213-227. , https://doi.org/10.1177/002214650905000207; Prinzing, M.M., Fredrickson, B.L., What it means to matter [Unpublished manuscript, , in prep; Reis, H.T., Clark, M.S., Holmes, J.G., Perceived partner responsiveness as an organizing construct in the study of intimacy and closeness (2004) Handbook of closeness and intimacy, pp. 201-225. , Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, &,. D. Mashek & A. Aron (Eds; Reis, H.T., O’Keefe, S.D., Lane, R.D., Fun is more fun when others are involved (2017) The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12 (6), pp. 547-557. , https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1221123; Roepke, A.M., Jayawickreme, E., Riffle, O.M., Meaning and health: A systematic review (2014) Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9 (4), pp. 1055-1079. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-013-9288-9; Rosseel, Y., lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling (2012) Journal of Statistical Software, 48 (2), pp. 1-36. , https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02; Sharon-David, H., Mizrahi, M., Rinott, M., Golland, Y., Birnbaum, G.E., Being on the same wavelength: Behavioral synchrony between partners and its influence on the experience of intimacy (2019) Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36 (10), pp. 2983-3008. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407518809478; Souza, G.G.L., Magalhães, L.N., Cruz, T.A.R.D., Mendonça-De-Souza, A.C.F., Duarte, A.F.A., Fischer, N.L., Souza, W.F., Volchan, E., Resting vagal control and resilience as predictors of cardiovascular allostasis in peacekeepers (2013) Stress, 16 (4), pp. 377-383. , https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2013.767326; Souza, G.G.L., Mendonça-de-Souza, A.C.F., Barros, E.M., Coutinho, E.F.S., Oliveira, L., Mendlowicz, M.V., Figueira, I., Volchan, E., Resilience and vagal tone predict cardiac recovery from acute social stress (2007) Stress, 10 (4), pp. 368-374. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890701419886; Stephens, G.J., Silbert, L.J., Hasson, U., Speaker-listener neural coupling underlies successful communication (2010) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107 (32), pp. 14425-14430. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1008662107; Stone, A.A., Schwartz, J.E., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., Krueger, A., Kahneman, D., A population approach to the study of emotion: Diurnal rhythms of a working day examined with the day reconstruction method (2006) Emotion, 6 (1), pp. 139-149. , https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.6.1.139; Tickle-Degnen, L., Rosenthal, R., The nature of rapport and its nonverbal correlates (1990) Psychological Inquiry, 1 (4), pp. 285-293. , https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0104_1; Tugade, M.M., Fredrickson, B.L., Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86 (2), pp. 320-333. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.86.2.320; Tugade, M.M., Fredrickson, B.L., Regulation of positive emotions: Emotion regulation strategies that promote resilience (2007) Journal of Happiness Studies, 8 (3), pp. 311-333. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-006-9015-4; Vacharkulksemsuk, T., Fredrickson, B.L., Strangers in sync: Achieving embodied rapport through shared movements (2012) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48 (1), pp. 399-402. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.07.015; Valdesolo, P., DeSteno, D., Synchrony and the social tuning of compassion (2011) Emotion, 11 (2), pp. 262-266. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021302; Vitterso, J., (2016) Handbook of eudaimonic well-being, , Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Waugh, C.E., Thompson, R.J., Gotlib, I.H., Flexible emotional responsiveness in trait resilience (2011) Emotion (Washington, D.C.), 11 (5), pp. 1059-1067. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021786; Waugh, C.E., Wager, T.D., Fredrickson, B.L., Noll, D.C., Taylor, S.F., The neural correlates of trait resilience when anticipating and recovering from threat (2008) Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 3 (4), pp. 322-332. , https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsn024; Widaman, K.F., Reise, S.P., Exploring the measurement invariance of psychological instruments: Applications in the substance use domain (1997) The science of prevention: Methodological advances from alcohol and substance abuse research, pp. 281-324. , https://doi.org/10.1037/10222-009, American Psychological Association, &,. K. J. Bryant, M. Windle, & S. G. West (Eds; Zhou, J., Le Nguyen, K., Prinzing, M.M., West, T., Fredrickson, B.L., The goods in everyday love: Do increases in positivity resonance increase communal virtues?, , under review PY - 2020 SN - 17439760 (ISSN) ST - Staying ‘in sync’ with others during COVID-19: Perceived positivity resonance mediates cross-sectional and longitudinal links between trait resilience and mental health T2 - Journal of Positive Psychology TI - Staying ‘in sync’ with others during COVID-19: Perceived positivity resonance mediates cross-sectional and longitudinal links between trait resilience and mental health UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098545212&doi=10.1080%2f17439760.2020.1858336&partnerID=40&md5=71b575248c8b5b54be9bbf29668df921 ID - 532 ER - TY - JOUR AD - FirstHealth of the Carolinas and Pinehurst Medical Clinic, Pinehurst, NC, United States David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of California, San Diego, CA, United States Spectrum Health, Michigan State University School of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, United States University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico Atrium Health and Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, United States Penn State Health, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States AU - Pritchett, M. A. AU - Oberg, C. L. AU - Belanger, A. AU - De Cardenas, J. AU - Cheng, G. AU - Nacheli, G. C. AU - Franco-Paredes, C. AU - Singh, J. AU - Toth, J. AU - Zgoda, M. AU - Folch, E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.21037/jtd.2020.04.32 IS - 5 J2 - J. Thorac. Dis. KW - bronchoscopy coronavirus disease 2019 hand washing hospital patient human infection control lung lavage medical society outpatient care practice guideline respiration control Review screening Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 specimen handling LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :21 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Pritchett, M.A.; FirstHealth of the Carolinas and Pinehurst Medical Clinic, 205 Page Road, United States; email: mpritchett@pinehurstmedical.com Funding text 1: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/jtd.2020.04.32). MAP reports personal fees from Medtronic, BodyVision, Intuitive Surgical, Philips, Biodesix, AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, United Therapeutics, Actelion, Pfizer, Ambu, and Boston Scientific and other from Inivata, all outside the submitted work; his wife is an employee of Medtronic. AB reports personal fees from Cook Medical and Change Healthcare, outside the submitted work. JDC reports personal fees from Restor 3D, Medtronic, Cook Medical, other from Intuitive Surgical, and personal fees and other from Pinnacle Biologics, outside the submitted work. GC reports personal fees from Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Pinnacle Biologics, Restor 3D, and grants from Intuitive Surgical, all outside the submitted work. GCN reports personal fees from Auris - Consulting for robotic bronchoscopy, outside the submitted work. CFP has nothing to disclose. JS reports personal fees from Somnoware Sleep Solutions and Medtronic, Inc, outside the submitted work. JT reports personal fees from Olympus/ Spiration, outside the submitted work. MZ reports personal fees from Pulmonx, outside the submitted work. EF reports personal fees from Medtronic and Boston Scientific and grants from Intuitive Surgical, outside the submitted work. CLO has no conflicts of interest to declare. References: (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Summary, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.. Updated March 15. Accessed March 16, 2020; Atkins, D., Best, D., Briss, P.A., Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations (2004) Bmj, 328, p. 1490; Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, , Epub ahead of print; Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N Engl J Med, , Epub ahead of print; (2020) Infection Prevention and Control for COVID-19 in Healthcare Settings-March 2020, , https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/COVID-19-infection-prevention-and-control-healthcare-settings-march-2020.pdf, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Technical Report. ECDC: Stockholm. Access March 16, 2020; (2020) Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), , https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf, World Health Organization. 16-24 February. Accessed March 16, 2020; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) Jama, , Epub ahead of print; Ai, T., Yang, Z., Hou, H., Correlation of chest ct and rt-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in China: A report of 1014 cases (2020) Radiology, , Epub ahead of print; Rothe, C., Schunk, M., Sothmann, P., Transmission of 2019-ncov infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 970-971; Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention (2020) Jama, , Epub ahead of print; Serna-Gallegos, D., Mercado, F., Imai, T., (2018) Effects of Time from Completed Clinical Staging to Surgery: Does It Make a Difference in Stage 1 Non-small Cell Lung Cancer? [Abstract 67], , American Association for Thoracic Surgery; April 28-May 1,; San Diego, CA; Rosenthal, D.I., Liu, L., Lee, J.H., Importance of the treatment package time in surgery and postoperative radiation therapy for squamous carcinoma of the head and neck (2002) Head Neck, 24, pp. 115-126; (2020) COVID-19: Elective Case Triage Guidelines for Surgical Care, , https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-case, American College of Surgeons.. Online March 24. Accessed March 25, 2020; (2020) Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/infection-control/control-recommendations.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed March 16; Tran, K., Cimon, K., Severn, M., Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of acute respiratory infections to healthcare workers: A systematic review (2012) PLoS One, 7, p. e35797; Guidelines for the development of bronchoscopy during the prevention and control of new coronavirus infections in 2019 (Trial) [J/OL] (2020) Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, p. 43. , http://rs.yiigle.com/yufabiao/1180118.htm, Interventional Respiratory Group, Respiratory Branch, Chinese Medical Association; Munoz-Price, L.S., Bowdle, A., Johnston, B.L., Infection prevention in the operating room anesthesia work area (2018) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol; (2020) Perioperative Considerations for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19), , https://www.apsf.org/news-updates/perioperative-considerations-for-the-2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19/, Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation.. February 12 Accessed March 16, 2020; (2020) Facial Hairstyles and Filtering Facepiece Respirators, , https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/pdfs/FacialHairWmask11282017-508.pdf, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed March 16; Radonovich, L.J., Jr., Simberkoff, M.S., Bessesen, M.T., N95 respirators vs medical masks for preventing influenza among health care personnel: A randomized clinical trial (2019) Jama, 322, pp. 824-833; Kamming, D., Gardam, M., Chung, F., Anaesthesia and SARS (2003) Br J Anaesth, 90, pp. 715-718; Neuman, B.W., Adair, B.D., Yoshioka, C., Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy (2006) J Virol, 80, pp. 7918-7928; Loeb, M., Dafoe, N., Mahony, J., Surgical mask vs N95 respirator for preventing influenza among health care workers: A randomized trial (2009) Jama, 302, pp. 1865-1871; Yang, S., Lee, G.W., Chen, C.M., The size and concentration of droplets generated by coughing in human subjects (2007) J Aerosol Med, 20, pp. 484-494; Morawska, L., Droplet fate in indoor environments, or can we prevent the spread of infection? (2006) Indoor Air, 16, pp. 335-347; Loeb, M., McGeer, A., Henry, B., SARS among critical care nurses, Toronto (2004) Emerg Infect Dis, 10, pp. 251-255; Le, D.H., Bloom, S.A., Nguyen, Q.H., Lack of SARS transmission among public hospital workers, Vietnam (2004) Emerg Infect Dis, 10, pp. 265-268; Moore, D., Gamage, B., Bryce, E., Protecting health care workers from SARS and other respiratory pathogens: Organizational and individual factors that affect adherence to infection control guidelines (2005) Am J Infect Control, 33, pp. 88-96; Ofner-Agostini, M., Gravel, D., McDonald, L.C., Cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome among Toronto healthcare workers after implementation of infection control precautions: A case series (2006) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 27, pp. 473-478; Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1177-1179; Ruan, Z.R., Gong, P., Han, W., A case of 2019 novel coronavirus infected pneumonia with twice negative 2019-nCoV nucleic acid testing within 8 days (2020) Chin Med J (Engl), , Epub ahead of print; Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Detection of sars-cov-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) Jama, , Epub ahead of print; Metan, G., Bozkurt, I., Koc, A.N., Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) misdiagnosed as pandemic influenza H1N1 in a renal transplant patient (2011) Infez Med, 19, pp. 182-184; Gabrilovich, M.I., Huff, M.D., McMillen, S.M., Severe necrotizing tracheobronchitis from panton-valentine leukocidin-positive mrsa pneumonia complicating influenza a-h1n1-09 (2017) J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol, 24, pp. 63-66; Gilbert, C.R., Vipul, K., Baram, M., Novel H1N1 influenza A viral infection complicated by alveolar hemorrhage (2010) Respir Care, 55, pp. 623-625; Toolsie, O., Tehreem, A., Diaz-Fuentes, G., Influenza a pneumonia associated with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. A case report and literature review (2019) Am J Case Rep, 20, pp. 592-596; Gomez-Gomez, A., Martinez-Martinez, R., Gotway, M.B., Organizing pneumonia associated with swine-origin influenza A H1N1 2009 viral infection (2011) Ajr Am J Roentgenol, 196, pp. W103-W104; State of knowledge and data gaps of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in humans (2013) PLoS Curr, , WHO MERS-Cov Research G; Zaki, A.M., Van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T.M., Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia (2012) N Engl J Med, 367, pp. 1814-1820; Bermingham, A., Chand, M.A., Brown, C.S., Severe respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, in a patient transferred to the United Kingdom from the Middle East, September 2012 (2012) Euro Surveill, 17, p. 20290; Drosten, C., Seilmaier, M., Corman, V.M., Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2013) Lancet Infect Dis, 13, pp. 745-751; Shah, N., Brown, I., (2020) Higher Co-infection Rates in COVID19, , https://medium.com/@nigam/higher-co-infection-rates-in-covid19-b24965088333, Accessed March 19; Alifano, M., Gaucher, S., Rabbat, A., Alternatives to resectional surgery for infectious disease of the lung: From embolization to thoracoplasty (2012) Thorac Surg Clin, 22, pp. 413-429; Carr, J.A., Phillips, B.D., Bowling, W.M., The utility of bronchoscopy after inhalation injury complicated by pneumonia in burn patients: Results from the National Burn Repository (2009) J Burn Care Res, 30, pp. 967-974; Deng, J., Zheng, Y., Li, C., Plastic bronchitis in three children associated with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus infection (2010) Chest, 138, pp. 1486-1488; Zhang, J., Kang, X., Plastic bronchitis associated with influenza virus infection in children: A report on 14 cases (2015) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 79, pp. 481-486; Kollef, M.H., Ward, S., The influence of mini-BAL cultures on patient outcomes: Implications for the antibiotic management of ventilator-associated pneumonia (1998) Chest, 113, pp. 412-420; Leo, A., Galindo-Galindo, J., Folch, E., Comparison of bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage vs blind lavage with a modified nasogastric tube in the etiologic diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (2008) Med Intensiva, 32, pp. 115-120; Tasbakan, M.S., Gurgun, A., Basoglu, O.K., Comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage and mini-bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients (2011) Respiration, 81, pp. 229-235; Lavigne, M.C., Nonbronchoscopic methods [nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), mini-bal, blinded bronchial sampling, blinded protected specimen brush] to investigate for pulmonary infections, inflammation, and cellular and molecular markers: A narrative review (2017) Clinical Pulmonary Medicine, 24, pp. 13-25; Mumma, J.M., Durso, F.T., Ferguson, A.N., Human factors risk analyses of a doffing protocol for ebola-level personal protective equipment: Mapping errors to contamination (2018) Clin Infect Dis, 66, pp. 950-958; Birnbach, D.J., Rosen, L.F., Fitzpatrick, M., Double gloves: A randomized trial to evaluate a simple strategy to reduce contamination in the operating room (2015) Anesth Analg, 120, pp. 848-852; (2003) Interim Domestic Guidance for Management of Exposures to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) for Healthcare and Other Institutional Settings, , https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/25042, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.. March 27. Accessed March 16, 2020; Wei, W.I., Tuen, H.H., Ng, R.W., Safe tracheostomy for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) Laryngoscope, 113, pp. 1777-1779; (2020) Guidance for Surgical Tracheostomy and Tracheostomy Tube Change during the COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://www.entuk.org/tracheostomy-guidance-during-covid-19-pandemic, ENT UK.. March 19. Accessed March 25, 2020; Ofstead, C.L., Quick, M.R., Wetzler, H.P., Effectiveness of Reprocessing for Flexible Bronchoscopes and Endobronchial Ultrasound Bronchoscopes (2018) Chest, 154, pp. 1024-1034; Rutala, W.A., Weber, D.J., Disinfection of endoscopes: Review of new chemical sterilants used for high-level disinfection (1999) Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 20, pp. 69-76; (2016) Essential Elements of a Reprocessing Program for Flexible Endoscopes-The Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC), , https://www.cdc.gov/hicpac/pdf/flexible-endoscopereprocessing.pdf, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Accessed March 16, 2020; Van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D., (2020) Aerosol and Surface Stability of HCoV-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Compared to SARS-CoV-1; (2020) Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities (2003), , https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/environmental/background/air.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Background C. Air. Accessed March 16; (2003) Guidelines for Environmental Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities, , https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/environmental/appendix/air.html#tableb1, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed March 16, 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 20721439 (ISSN) SP - 1781-1798 ST - Society for Advanced Bronchoscopy Consensus Statement and Guidelines for bronchoscopy and airway management amid the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Journal of Thoracic Disease TI - Society for Advanced Bronchoscopy Consensus Statement and Guidelines for bronchoscopy and airway management amid the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085362564&doi=10.21037%2fjtd.2020.04.32&partnerID=40&md5=1f8ddb1199c21ac64c213d35cf799a25 VL - 12 ID - 506 ER - TY - JOUR AB - With the first reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the scientific community working in the field of type III IFNs (IFN-λ) realized that this class of IFNs could play an important role in this and other emerging viral infections. In this Viewpoint, we present our opinion on the benefits and potential limitations of using IFN-λ to prevent, limit, and treat these dangerous viral infections. © 2020 Prokunina-Olsson et al. AD - Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom Immunoregulation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine and Immunology, Newark, NJ, United States Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto Veterans Administration, Palo Alto, CA, United States Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States Center for Cell Signaling, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States Department of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, PA, United States Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States Division of Immunology, Division of Gastroenterology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States AU - Prokunina-Olsson, L. AU - Alphonse, N. AU - Dickenson, R. E. AU - Durbin, J. E. AU - Glenn, J. S. AU - Hartmann, R. AU - Kotenko, S. V. AU - Lazear, H. M. AU - O’Brien, T. R. AU - Odendall, C. AU - Onabajo, O. O. AU - Piontkivska, H. AU - Santer, D. M. AU - Reich, N. C. AU - Wack, A. AU - Zanoni, I. C7 - e20200653 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1084/jem.20200653 IS - 5 J2 - J. Exp. Med. KW - antivirus agent interferon interferon lambda unclassified drug coronavirus disease 2019 human immune response innate immunity lung alveolus macrophage neutrophil nonhuman nose epithelium priority journal Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 signal transduction LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :74 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JEMEA Correspondence Address: Prokunina-Olsson, L.; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, United States; email: prokuninal@mail.nih.gov Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01AI39512, R21AG064479-01 Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI Funding details: King’s College London, KCL, 1R01 AI121066, 1R01DK115217, NIAID-DAIT-NIHAI201700100 Funding details: Kent State University, KSU Funding details: Wellcome Trust, WT, 206200/Z/17/Z Funding details: Francis Crick Institute, FCI Funding details: Medical Research Council, MRC Funding details: Royal Society Funding details: Cancer Research UK, CRUK, FC001206 Funding text 1: L. Prokunina-Olsson, O.O. Onabajo, and T.R. O’Brien are supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health. H.M. Lazear is supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01AI39512. H. Piontkivska is supported by National Institutes of Health grant R21AG064479-01 and a Brain Health Research Institute Pilot Award from Kent State University. C. Odendall is supported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship from the Royal Society and the Wellcome Trust (206200/Z/17/Z). A. Wack is supported by the Francis Crick Institute, which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001206), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001206) and the Wellcome Trust (FC001206). R.E. Dickenson is supported by a studentship from the UK Medical Research Council. N. Alphonse is supported by a studentship from the King’s College London/ Francis Crick Institute partnership. I. Zanoni is supported by National Institutes of Health grants 1R01 AI121066, 1R01DK115217, and NIAID-DAIT-NIHAI201700100. The content of this publication and the opinions expressed reflect those of the individual authors solely and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the National Institutes of Health, or corresponding research institutes. Funding text 2: We would like to acknowledge the input of other members of the interferon lambda community who participated in discussions on this topic: Evangelos Andreakos, Francine Baker, Connor Bamford, Raymond Donnelly, Darragh Duffy, Adriana Forero, Amariliz Rivera-Medina, Ram Savan, and Nikaia Smith. The Viewpoint was also inspired by the guest session on type III IFNs at the American Association of Immunologists 2020 meeting, which was canceled due to COVID-19; we appreciate the support for this session provided by the Interferon and Cytokine and Interferon Society. The figure was created using BioRender.com. L. Prokunina-Olsson, O.O. Onabajo, and T.R. O?Brien are supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health. H.M. Lazear is supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01AI39512. H. Piontkivska is supported by National Institutes of Health grant R21AG064479-01 and a Brain Health Research Institute Pilot Award from Kent State University. C. Odendall is supported by a Sir Henry Dale Fellowship from the Royal Society and the Wellcome Trust (206200/Z/17/Z). A. Wack is supported by the Francis Crick Institute, which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001206), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001206) and the Wellcome Trust (FC001206). R.E. Dickenson is supported by a studentship from the UK Medical Research Council. N. Alphonse is supported by a studentship from the King?s College London/ Francis Crick Institute partnership. I. Zanoni is supported by National Institutes of Health grants 1R01 AI121066, 1R01DK115217, and NIAID-DAIT-NIHAI201700100. The content of this publication and the opinions expressed reflect those of the individual authors solely and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the US Department of Health and Human Services, the National Institutes of Health, or corresponding research institutes. References: Blazek, K., (2015) J. Exp. Med, , https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20140995; Broggi, A., (2017) Nat. Immunol, , https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3821; Broggi, A., (2020) J. Exp. Med, , https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190295; Crotta, S., (2013) PLoS Pathog, , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003773; Davidson, S., (2015) J. Interferon Cytokine Res, , https://doi.org/10.1089/jir.2014.0227; Davidson, S., (2016) EMBO Mol. Med, , https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201606413; Espinosa, V., (2017) Sci. Immunol, , https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aan5357; Forero, A., (2019) Immunity, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2019.07.007; Galani, I.E., (2017) Immunity, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.025; Goel, R.R., (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916897117; Klinkhammer, J., (2018) eLife, , https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.33354; Kotenko, S.V., (2003) Nat. Immunol, , https://doi.org/10.1038/ni875; Mehta, P., (2020) Lancet, , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0; Muir, A.J., (2014) J. Hepatol, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.07.022; Planet, P.J., (2016) MBio, , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01939-15; Prokunina-Olsson, L., (2013) Nat. Genet, , https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2521; Rich, H.E., (2019) Infect. Immun, , https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00114-19; Sheppard, P., (2003) Nat. Immunol, , https://doi.org/10.1038/ni873; Ye, L., (2019) Nat. Rev. Immunol, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-019-0182-z; Zhang, G., (2020) medRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.02.20030452, (Preprint posted March 6, 2020) PY - 2020 SN - 00221007 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19 and emerging viral infections: The case for interferon lambda T2 - Journal of Experimental Medicine TI - COVID-19 and emerging viral infections: The case for interferon lambda UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084343152&doi=10.1084%2fjem.20200653&partnerID=40&md5=a459a39369d01057cc23ae210a70e55c VL - 217 ID - 502 ER - TY - JOUR AB - SARS-CoV-2 causes severe lung disease (COVID-19) in humans. Pruijssers et al. demonstrate that the antiviral drug remdesivir potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cell cultures. Therapeutic treatment of infected mice with remdesivir reduces viral loads and improves clinical outcomes, further supporting use of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19. © 2020 The Authors Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the novel viral disease COVID-19. With no approved therapies, this pandemic illustrates the urgent need for broad-spectrum antiviral countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2 and future emerging CoVs. We report that remdesivir (RDV) potently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in human lung cells and primary human airway epithelial cultures (EC50 = 0.01 μM). Weaker activity is observed in Vero E6 cells (EC50 = 1.65 μM) because of their low capacity to metabolize RDV. To rapidly evaluate in vivo efficacy, we engineered a chimeric SARS-CoV encoding the viral target of RDV, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2. In mice infected with the chimeric virus, therapeutic RDV administration diminishes lung viral load and improves pulmonary function compared with vehicle-treated animals. These data demonstrate that RDV is potently active against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo, supporting its further clinical testing for treatment of COVID-19. © 2020 The Authors AD - Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, TN 37232, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, United States Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States AU - Pruijssers, A. J. AU - George, A. S. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Gralinksi, L. E. AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - Yount, B. L. AU - Agostini, M. L. AU - Stevens, L. J. AU - Chappell, J. D. AU - Lu, X. AU - Hughes, T. M. AU - Gully, K. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Brown, A. J. AU - Graham, R. L. AU - Perry, J. K. AU - Du Pont, V. AU - Pitts, J. AU - Ma, B. AU - Babusis, D. AU - Murakami, E. AU - Feng, J. Y. AU - Bilello, J. P. AU - Porter, D. P. AU - Cihlar, T. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Denison, M. R. AU - Sheahan, T. P. C2 - 32668216 C7 - 107940 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107940 IS - 3 J2 - Cell Rep. KW - antiviral coronavirus COVID-19 GS-441524 mouse RdRp remdesivir RNA-dependent RNA polymerase SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic RNA directed RNA polymerase RNA polymerase adult airway epithelium cell animal experiment animal model animal tissue antiviral activity Article chimera controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug targeting EC50 female human human cell human tissue in vitro study in vivo study infant lung alveolus cell lung function middle aged nonhuman priority journal protein expression Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Vero C1008 cell line virus load virus replication LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :70 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Pruijssers, A.J.; Department of Pediatrics, United States; email: ardina.pruijssers@vumc.org Correspondence Address: Sheahan, T.P.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: sheahan@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; RNA directed RNA polymerase, 9026-28-2; RNA polymerase, 9014-24-8 Tradenames: gs 5734, Gilead, United States Manufacturers: Gilead, United States Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, DK065988 Funding details: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS, 1U19AI142759, R01AI108197, R01AI132178, R01AI132178-03S1, T32AI007151 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF Funding details: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFF, BOUCHE15RO Funding text 1: This project was funded in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health , Department of Health and Human Services awards 1U19AI142759 ( Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development Center ) (to M.R.D. and R.S.B.), R01AI132178 and R01AI132178-03S1 (to T.P.S. and R.S.B.), and R01AI108197 (to M.R.D. and R.S.B.). D.R.M. was funded by T32AI007151 and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program award. The Marsico Lung Institute Tissue Procurement and Cell Culture Core is supported by NIH grant DK065988 and Cystic Fibrosis Foundation grant BOUCHE15RO . We also are grateful for support from the Dolly Parton COVID-19 Research Fund , the VUMC Office of Research , and the Elizabeth B. Lamb Center for Pediatric Research at Vanderbilt University . The graphical abstract was created with BioRender. We thank Dr. Natalie Thornburg at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia for providing the stock of SARS-CoV-2 used in this study. We thank VUMC and UNC Environmental Health and Safety personnel for ensuring that our work is performed safely and securely. We also thank Facilities Management personnel for tireless commitment to excellent facility performance and our grant management teams for administrative support of our research operations. References: Adachi, T., Chong, J.-M., Nakajima, N., Sano, M., Yamazaki, J., Miyamoto, I., Nishioka, H., Kataoka, M., Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Findings from Autopsy of Patient with COVID-19, Japan (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26; Agostini, M.L., Andres, E.L., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Sheahan, T.P., Lu, X., Smith, E.C., Jordan, R., Coronavirus Susceptibility to the Antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) Is Mediated by the Viral Polymerase and the Proofreading Exoribonuclease (2018) MBio, 9, p. e00221. , e18; Agostini, M.L., Pruijssers, A.J., Chappell, J.D., Gribble, J., Lu, X., Andres, E.L., Bluemling, G.R., Sims, A.C., Small-Molecule Antiviral β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine Inhibits a Proofreading-Intact Coronavirus with a High Genetic Barrier to Resistance (2019) J. Virol., 93, p. e01348-19; Appleby, T.C., Perry, J.K., Murakami, E., Barauskas, O., Feng, J., Cho, A., Fox, D., 3rd, Ray, A.S., Viral replication. Structural basis for RNA replication by the hepatitis C virus polymerase (2015) Science, 347, pp. 771-775; Arabi, Y.M., Balkhy, H.H., Hayden, F.G., Bouchama, A., Luke, T., Baillie, J.K., Al-Omari, A., Denison, M.R., Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (2017) N. Engl. J. Med., 376, pp. 584-594; Beigel, J.H., Tomashek, K.M., Dodd, L.E., Mehta, A.K., Zingman, B.S., Kalil, A.C., Hohmann, E., Kline, S., Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 – Preliminary Report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., , Published online May 22, 2020; Bojkova, D., McGreig, J.E., McLaughlin, K.-M., Masterson, S.G., Widera, M., Krähling, V., Ciesek, S., Cinatl, J., SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV differ in their cell tropism and drug sensitivity profiles (2020) bioRxiv; Brown, A.J., Won, J.J., Graham, R.L., Dinnon, K.H., 3rd, Sims, A.C., Feng, J.Y., Cihlar, T., Sheahan, T.P., Broad spectrum antiviral remdesivir inhibits human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses with a highly divergent RNA dependent RNA polymerase (2019) Antiviral Res., 169, p. 104541; Chan-Yeung, M., Xu, R.-H., SARS: epidemiology (2003) Respirology, 8, pp. S9-S14; Chen, J., Pathogenicity and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV-A quick overview and comparison with other emerging viruses (2020) Microbes Infect., 22, pp. 69-71; Cho, A., Saunders, O.L., Butler, T., Zhang, L., Xu, J., Vela, J.E., Feng, J.Y., Kim, C.U., Synthesis and antiviral activity of a series of 1′-substituted 4-aza-7,9-dideazaadenosine C-nucleosides (2012) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 22, pp. 2705-2707; Choy, K.-T., Wong, A.Y., Kaewpreedee, P., Sia, S.-F., Chen, D., Hui, K.P.Y., Chu, D.K.W., Huang, X., Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro (2020) Antiviral Res., 178, p. 104786; de Wit, E., van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Munster, V.J., SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 14, pp. 523-534; de Wit, E., Feldmann, F., Cronin, J., Jordan, R., Okumura, A., Thomas, T., Scott, D., Feldmann, H., Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 6771-6776; Elbe, S., Buckland-Merrett, G., Data, disease and diplomacy: GISAID's innovative contribution to global health (2017) Glob. Chall., 1, pp. 33-46; Eriksson, S., Is the expression of deoxynucleoside kinases and 5′-nucleotidases in animal tissues related to the biological effects of nucleoside analogs? (2013) Curr. Med. Chem., 20, pp. 4241-4248; Fulcher, M.L., Gabriel, S., Burns, K.A., Yankaskas, J.R., Randell, S.H., Well-differentiated human airway epithelial cell cultures (2005) Methods Mol. Med., 107, pp. 183-206; Gao, Y., Yan, L., Huang, Y., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., Cao, L., Wang, T., Zhang, L., Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from COVID-19 virus (2020) Science, 368, pp. 779-782; Gong, P., Peersen, O.B., Structural basis for active site closure by the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, pp. 22505-22510; Gordon, C.J., Tchesnokov, E.P., Woolner, E., Perry, J.K., Feng, J.Y., Porter, D.P., Götte, M., Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potency (2020) J. Biol. Chem., 295, pp. 6785-6797; Gordon, C.J., Tchesnokov, E.P., Feng, J.Y., Porter, D.P., Götte, M., The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2020) J. Biol. Chem., 295, pp. 4773-4779; Grein, J., Ohmagari, N., Shin, D., Diaz, G., Asperges, E., Castagna, A., Feldt, T., Lescure, F.-X., Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 2327-2336; Harcourt, J., Tamin, A., Lu, X., Kamili, S., Sakthivel, S.K., Murray, J., Queen, K., Zhang, J., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from Patient with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease, United States (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26 (6); Holshue, M.L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K.H., Wiesman, J., Bruce, H., Spitters, C., Tural, A., First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 929-936; Hou, Y.J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Asakura, T., Dinnon, K.H., Kato, T., Mascenik, T.M., SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract (2020) Cell, , Published online May 27, 2020; Hung, I.F.N., Cheng, V.C.C., Wu, A.K.L., Tang, B.S.F., Chan, K.H., Chu, C.M., Wong, M.M.L., Tse, D.M.W., Viral loads in clinical specimens and SARS manifestations (2004) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 10, pp. 1550-1557; Jeon, S., Ko, M., Lee, J., Choi, I., Byun, S.Y., Park, S., Shum, D., Kim, S., Identification of antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-approved drugs (2020) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 64, p. e00819-20; Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Ward, A.B., Structure of the SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase bound to nsp7 and nsp8 co-factors (2019) Nat. Commun., 10, p. 2342; Koczor, C.A., Torres, R.A., Lewis, W., The role of transporters in the toxicity of nucleoside and nucleotide analogs (2012) Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 8, pp. 665-676; Lo, M.K., Jordan, R., Arvey, A., Sudhamsu, J., Shrivastava-Ranjan, P., Hotard, A.L., Flint, M., Clarke, M.O., GS-5734 and its parent nucleoside analog inhibit Filo-, Pneumo-, and Paramyxoviruses (2017) Sci. Rep., 7, p. 43395; Mehellou, Y., Rattan, H.S., Balzarini, J., The ProTide Prodrug Technology: From the Concept to the Clinic (2018) J. Med. Chem., 61, pp. 2211-2226; Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Baric, R.S., Ferris, M.T., New Metrics for Evaluating Viral Respiratory Pathogenesis (2015) PLoS ONE, 10, p. e0131451; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S., Gralinski, L.E., Plante, J.A., Graham, R.L., Donaldson, E.F., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med., 21, pp. 1508-1513; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Sims, A.C., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S.S., Gralinski, L.E., Graham, R.L., Royal, S.R., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, pp. 3048-3053; Mulangu, S., Dodd, L.E., Davey, R.T., Jr., Tshiani Mbaya, O., Proschan, M., Mukadi, D., Lusakibanza Manzo, M., Ibanda, A., A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Ebola Virus Disease Therapeutics (2019) N. Engl. J. Med., 381, pp. 2293-2303; Mumtaz, N., Jimmerson, L.C., Bushman, L.R., Kiser, J.J., Aron, G., Reusken, C.B.E.M., Koopmans, M.P.G., van Kampen, J.J.A., Cell-line dependent antiviral activity of sofosbuvir against Zika virus (2017) Antiviral Res., 146, pp. 161-163; Pan, Y., Zhang, D., Yang, P., Poon, L.L.M., Wang, Q., Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis., 20, pp. 411-412; Peiris, J.S.M., Guan, Y., Yuen, K.Y., Severe acute respiratory syndrome (2004) Nat. Med., 10 (12), pp. S88-S97; Runfeng, L., Yunlong, H., Jicheng, H., Weiqi, P., Qinhai, M., Yongxia, S., Chufang, L., Haiming, J., Lianhuaqingwen exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (2020) Pharmacol. Res., 156, p. 104761; Sanders, J.M., Monogue, M.L., Jodlowski, T.Z., Cutrell, J.B., Pharmacologic Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review (2020) JAMA, , Published online April 13, 2020; Scobey, T., Yount, B.L., Sims, A.C., Donaldson, E.F., Agnihothram, S.S., Menachery, V.D., Graham, R.L., Kim, J.D., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Shannon, A., Le, N.T.-T., Selisko, B., Eydoux, C., Alvarez, K., Guillemot, J.-C., Decroly, E., Canard, B., Remdesivir and SARS-CoV-2: Structural requirements at both nsp12 RdRp and nsp14 Exonuclease active-sites (2020) Antiviral Res., 178, p. 104793; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Case, J.B., Leist, S.R., Trantcheva, I., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci. Transl. Med., 9, p. eaal3653; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Leist, S.R., Schäfer, A., Won, J., Brown, A.J., Montgomery, S.A., Clarke, M.O., Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV (2020) Nat. Commun., 11, p. 222; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Zhou, S., Graham, R.L., Pruijssers, A.J., Agostini, M.L., Leist, S.R., Stevens, L.J., An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice (2020) Sci. Transl. Med., 12, p. eabb5883; Shu, Y., McCauley, J., GISAID: Global initiative on sharing all influenza data - from vision to reality (2017) Euro Surveill., 22, p. 30494; Sims, A.C., Baric, R.S., Yount, B., Burkett, S.E., Collins, P.L., Pickles, R.J., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of human ciliated airway epithelia: role of ciliated cells in viral spread in the conducting airways of the lungs (2005) J. Virol., 79, pp. 15511-15524; Stobart, C.C., Sexton, N.R., Munjal, H., Lu, X., Molland, K.L., Tomar, S., Mesecar, A.D., Denison, M.R., Chimeric exchange of coronavirus nsp5 proteases (3CLpro) identifies common and divergent regulatory determinants of protease activity (2013) J. Virol., 87, pp. 12611-12618; Wan, Y., Shang, J., Graham, R., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus (2020) J. Virol., 94, p. e00127-20; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Xiao, G., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res., 30, pp. 269-271; Warren, T.K., Jordan, R., Lo, M.K., Ray, A.S., Mackman, R.L., Soloveva, V., Siegel, D., Hui, H.C., Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 381-385; Williamson, B.N., Feldmann, F., Schwarz, B., Meade-White, K., Porter, D.P., Schulz, J., van Doremalen, N., Pérez-Pérez, L., Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) bioRxiv; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M.A., Niemeyer, D., Rothe, C., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Yin, W., Mao, C., Luan, X., Shen, D.-D., Shen, Q., Su, H., Wang, X., Gao, M., Structural basis for inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from SARS-CoV-2 by remdesivir (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1499-1504; Yoshikawa, T., Hill, T.E., Yoshikawa, N., Popov, V.L., Galindo, C.L., Garner, H.R., Peters, C.J., Tseng, C.-T.K., Dynamic innate immune responses of human bronchial epithelial cells to severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection (2010) PLoS ONE, 5, p. e8729; Yount, B., Curtis, K.M., Fritz, E.A., Hensley, L.E., Jahrling, P.B., Prentice, E., Denison, M.R., Baric, R.S., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100, pp. 12995-13000; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Gu, X., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Huang, C.-L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273 PY - 2020 SN - 22111247 (ISSN) ST - Remdesivir Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Human Lung Cells and Chimeric SARS-CoV Expressing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Polymerase in Mice T2 - Cell Reports TI - Remdesivir Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in Human Lung Cells and Chimeric SARS-CoV Expressing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Polymerase in Mice UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087970543&doi=10.1016%2fj.celrep.2020.107940&partnerID=40&md5=5adfe27552a81370edf4031bd11d0ddb VL - 32 ID - 443 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Clinic of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania School of Law and Human Rights Centre, University of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland Kenya Legal and Ethical Issues Network on HIV and AIDS, Nairobi, Kenya Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Pūras, D. AU - de Mesquita, J. B. AU - Cabal, L. AU - Maleche, A. AU - Meier, B. M. C2 - 32479828 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31255-1 IS - 10241 J2 - Lancet KW - coronavirus disease 2019 health care access health care availability health care disparity health care system human human rights isolation Note pandemic priority journal public health public health service right to health social exclusion socioeconomics Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection global health laboratory technique social determinants of health virus pneumonia World Health Organization Clinical Laboratory Techniques Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: LANCA References: (1966), UN. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), G.A. Res. 2200A (XXI), article 12; (2000), UN Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. General Comment no. 14 the Right to the Highest Attainable Standard of Health (Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights). Aug 11 E/C.12/2000/4; Addressing human rights as key to the COVID-19 response (2020), World Health Organization Geneva; Thomson, M., Kentikelenis, A., Stubbs, T., Structural adjustment programmes adversely affect vulnerable populations: a systematic-narrative review of their effect on child and maternal health (2017) Public Health Rev, 38, p. 13; Gostin, L.O., Meier, B.M., Thomas, R., Magar, V., Ghebreyesus, T.A., 70 years of human rights in global health: drawing on a contentious past to secure a hopeful future (2018) Lancet, 392, pp. 2731-2735; Learning from the pandemic to better fulfil the right to health (2020), https://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/-/learning-from-the-pandemic-to-better-fulfil-the-right-to-health, (Accessed 27 May 2020); Over 13 million children did not receive any vaccines at all even before COVID-19 disrupted global immunization (2020), https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/over-13-million-children-did-not-receive-any-vaccines-all-even-covid-19-disrupted, (Accessed 27 May 2020); UNAIDS urges countries to stay focused on HIV prevention during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2020/may/20200506_prevention, (Accessed 27 May 2020); (2020), UN Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. Statement on the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic and Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. April 17 E/C.12/2020/1; (1984), UN Commission on Human Rights. The Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Sept 28 E/CN.4/1985/4; Rights in the time of COVID-19: lessons from HIV for an effective, community-led response (2020), https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/human-rights-and-covid-19_en.pdf, (Accessed 27 May 2020); Pūras, D., Šimonović, D., Shaheed, A., No exceptions with COVID-19: “everyone has the right to life-saving interventions” UN experts say (2020), https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25746&LangID=E, (Accessed 26 May 2020); Advisory note on ensuring a rights-based response to curb the spread of COVID-19 (2020), https://www.kelinkenya.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/letter2-min-1.pdf, (Accessed 26 May 2020); Meier, B.M., Huffstetler, H., Bueno de Mesquita, J.R., Monitoring and review to assess human rights implementation (2020) Foundations of global health and human rights, pp. 155-176. , LO Gostin BM Meier Oxford University Press New York, NY; Opening Remarks on “COVID-19 Pandemic Calls for Coordinated Action, Solidarity, and Hope” (2020), United Nations University News New York; Statement of the Global Health Law Committee of the International Law Association regarding the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), https://www.ila-hq.org/index.php/news?newsID=164, (Accessed 28 May 2020); Global humanitarian response plan COVID-19: United Nations coordinated appeal April–December 2020 (2020), https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/Global-Humanitarian-Response-Plan-COVID-19.pdf, (Accessed 27 May 2020); A UN framework for the immediate socio-economic response to COVID-19 (2020), https://unsdg.un.org/resources/un-framework-immediate-socio-economic-response-covid-19, (Accessed 27 May 2020); Uniting behind a people's vaccine against COVID-19 (2020), https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/featurestories/2020/may/20200514_covid19-vaccine-open-letter, (Accessed 26 May 2020)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086408039&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2820%2931255-1&partnerID=40&md5=f140270739e3916d731bc61aa087362f PY - 2020 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) SP - 1888-1890 ST - The right to health must guide responses to COVID-19 T2 - The Lancet TI - The right to health must guide responses to COVID-19 VL - 395 ID - 479 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Purcell, L. N. AU - Charles, A. C2 - 32442685 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.05.047 J2 - Int. J. Surg. KW - COVID-19 Surgical care Telehealth coronavirus disease 2019 human Letter nonhuman pandemic priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 surgery Betacoronavirus Coronavirinae Coronavirus infection telemedicine virus pneumonia Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Charles, A.; UNC School of Medicine, 4008 Burnett Womack Building, United States; email: anthchar@med.unc.edu References: Al-Jabir, A., Kerwan, A., Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Khan, M., Sohrabi, C., Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice - Part 1 (2020) Int. J. Surg., , S1743-9191(20)30405-2; Royal College of Surgeons of England, Guidance for Surgeons Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020), https://www.rcseng.ac.uk/coronavirus/joint-guidance-for-surgeons-v1/, (Accessed 13 May 2020); COVID-19: elective case triage guidelines for surgical care https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-case; Nandra, K., Koenig, G., DelMastro, A., Mishler, E., Hollander, J.E., Yeo, C.J., Telehealth provides a comprehensive approach to the surgical patient (2019) Am. J. Surg., 218 (3), pp. 476-479; Gunter, R.L., Chouinard, S., Fernandes-Taylor, S., Current use of telemedicine for post-discharge surgical care: a systematic review (2016) J. Am. Coll. Surg., 222 (5), pp. 915-927 PY - 2020 SN - 17439191 (ISSN) SP - 56-57 ST - An invited commentary on “Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice-part 1”. Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice: Time to embrace telehealth in surgery T2 - International Journal of Surgery TI - An invited commentary on “Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice-part 1”. Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice: Time to embrace telehealth in surgery UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084853785&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijsu.2020.05.047&partnerID=40&md5=6be037dc2f4ba530cec11f1d132daa42 VL - 79 ID - 471 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC School of Medicine, 4008 Burnett Womack BuildingCB 7228, United States AU - Purcell, L. N. AU - Charles, A. G. C2 - 32169565 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.03.002 J2 - Int. J. Surg. KW - case fatality rate China Coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus infection disease surveillance disease transmission emergency epidemic health workforce human Letter pandemic prevention and control priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 World Health Organization Betacoronavirus Coronavirinae virus pneumonia Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Charles, A.G.; Department of Surgery, 4008 Burnett Womack Building, United States; email: anthchar@med.unc.edu References: Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention [published online ahead of print, 2020 Feb 24] (2020) JAMA, , 10.1001/jama.2020.2648; Sohrabi, C., Alisafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, R., World health organization declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) Int. J. Surg., 76, pp. 71-76; World Health Organization, WHO Emergency Committee Statement on the Second Meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee Regarding the Outbreak of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020), https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(COVID-19), WHO Geneva; Gilbert, M., Pullano, G., Pinotti, F., Valdano, E., Poletto, C., Boëlle, P.Y., D'Ortenzio, E., Gutierrez, B., Preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against importations of COVID-19: a modelling study (2020) Lancet, , S0140-6736(20)30411-6; Sambala, E.Z., Kanyenda, T., Iwu, C.J., Iwu, C.D., Jaca, A., Wiysonge, C.S., Pandemic influenza preparedness in the WHO African region: are we ready yet? (2018) BMC Infect. Dis., 18 (1), p. 567 PY - 2020 SN - 17439191 (ISSN) SP - 111 ST - An Invited Commentary on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)”: Emergency or new reality? T2 - International Journal of Surgery TI - An Invited Commentary on “World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)”: Emergency or new reality? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082310492&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijsu.2020.03.002&partnerID=40&md5=804c9372b39dd89f1c8c8d41422b6224 VL - 76 ID - 520 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Boston College School of Social Work, Boston, MA, United States Sangath, Bhopal, India Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States Centre for Rural Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Netherlands Institute for Mental Health and Addiction (Trimbos Institute), Utrecht, Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, New York State, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States AU - Rahman, A. AU - Naslund, J. A. AU - Betancourt, T. S. AU - Black, C. J. AU - Bhan, A. AU - Byansi, W. AU - Chen, H. AU - Gaynes, B. N. AU - Restrepo, C. G. AU - Gouveia, L. AU - Hamdani, S. U. AU - Marsch, L. A. AU - Petersen, I. AU - Bahar, O. S. AU - Shields-Zeeman, L. AU - Ssewamala, F. AU - Wainberg, M. L. C2 - 32846142 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30347-3 IS - 10 J2 - Lancet Psychiatry KW - coronavirus disease 2019 economic aspect health care system human mental health research Note pandemic priority journal social structure wellbeing Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection global health mental health service national health organization organization and management psychology research telemedicine United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Mental Health Services National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Funding details: National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH Funding text 1: All authors are all supported by U19 ‘Scale Up Hubs’ grants from the National Institute of Mental Health, USA. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. References: Policy brief: COVID-19 and the need for action on mental health (2020), United Nations Geneva; Research partnerships for scaling up mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries (2020), https://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/organization/cgmhr/scaleuphubs/index.shtml, (Accessed 9 July 2020); Hamdani, S.U., Muzaffar, N., Huma, Z., 15·3 Using technology to advance school mental health: experience from the Eastern Mediterranean Region (2019) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 58, p. S22; Ssewamala, F.M., Bahar, O.S., McKay, M.M., Hoagwood, K., Huang, K.Y., Pringle, B., Strengthening mental health and research training in Sub-Saharan Africa (SMART Africa): Uganda study protocol (2018) Trials, 19, p. 423; Betancourt, T.S., Youth FORWARD: Scaling up an evidence-based mental health intervention in Sierra Leone (2018) Humanitarian Exchange, 72, pp. 30-32; Pathare, S., Shields-Zeeman, L., Vijayakumar, L., Evaluation of the SPIRIT Integrated Suicide Prevention Programme: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial in rural Gujarat, India (2020) Trials, 21, pp. 1-3; Chen, H., Chuengsatiansup, K., Levkoff, S., Using implementation science to advance management of dementia-related behavioral problems in a developing country (2018) Alzheimer's Association International Conference 2018, Chicago, IL, USA; July 22–26, 2018; Chicago, , (abstr P4-359); Muke, S.S., Shrivastava, R.D., Mitchell, L., Acceptability and feasibility of digital technology for training community health workers to deliver evidence-based psychosocial treatment for depression in rural India (2019) Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, pp. 99-106; Torrey, W.C., Cepeda, M., Castro, S., Implementing technology-supported care for depression and alcohol use disorder in primary care in Colombia: preliminary findings (2020) Psychiatric Serv, 71, pp. 678-683; Wainberg, M.L., Lovero, K.L., Duarte, C.C., Partnerships in research to implement and disseminate sustainable and scalable evidence based practices in Sub-Saharan Africa—Mozambique scale-up study protocol (PRIDE SSA-Mozambique). Psychiatric Serv (in press)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090211137&doi=10.1016%2fS2215-0366%2820%2930347-3&partnerID=40&md5=417b0ebb5a8e4814f88645060e967ec1 PY - 2020 SN - 22150366 (ISSN) SP - 834-836 ST - The NIMH global mental health research community and COVID-19 T2 - The Lancet Psychiatry TI - The NIMH global mental health research community and COVID-19 VL - 7 ID - 347 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, United States Center for Bioethics, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States AU - Rasmussen, S. A. AU - Lyerly, A. D. AU - Jamieson, D. J. C2 - 32997931 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMp2027940 IS - 22 J2 - New Engl. J. Med. KW - acute heart infarction cause of death coronavirus disease 2019 counseling decision making diabetic ketoacidosis disease course disease transmission health care policy hospital admission human Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient influenza A (H1N1) kidney disease macrosomia medical society neonatal intensive care unit nonhuman perinatal mortality pregnancy pregnant woman priority journal progeny prophylaxis public health public health service reproduction retinopathy risk benefit analysis risk factor Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 sexual transmission Short Survey Zika fever contraception epidemiology family planning female pandemic risk assessment COVID-19 Family Planning Services Humans Pandemics LA - English M3 - Short Survey N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NEJMA References: Faden, R., Kass, N., (1996) HIV, AIDS and Childbearing, , New York: Oxford University Press; Ellington, S., Strid, P., Tong, V.T., Characteristics of women of reproductive age with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by pregnancy status - United States, January 22-June 7, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 769-775; Vivanti, A.J., Vauloup-Fellous, C., Prevot, S., Transplacental transmission of SARSCoV-2 infection (2020) Nat Commun, 11, p. 3572; Knight, M., Bunch, K., Vousden, N., Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: National population based cohort study (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m2107; ACOG practice bulletin no. 201: Pregestational diabetes mellitus (2018) Obstet Gynecol, 132 (6), pp. e228-e248 PY - 2020 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) SP - 2097-2099 ST - Delaying pregnancy during a public health crisis - Examining public health recommendations for Covid-19 and beyond T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - Delaying pregnancy during a public health crisis - Examining public health recommendations for Covid-19 and beyond UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097003792&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMp2027940&partnerID=40&md5=bbeef248b5917cc0159d1fc847d10605 VL - 383 ID - 283 ER - TY - CONF AB - Surgeons improve their skills through repetition of training tasks in order to operate on living patients, ideally receiving timely, useful, and objective performance feedback. However, objective performance measurement is currently difficult without 3D visualization, with effective surgical training apparatus being extremely expensive or limited in accessibility. This is problematic for medical students, especially in situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic in which they are needed by the community but have few ways of practicing without lab access. In this work, we propose and prototype a system for augmented reality (AR) visualization of laparoscopic training tasks using cheap and widely-compatible borescopes, which can track small objects typical of surgical training. We use forward kinematics for calibration and multi-Threading to attempt synchronization in order to increase compatibility with consumer applications, resulting in an effective AR simulation with low-cost devices and consumer software, while also providing dynamic camera and marker tracking. We test the system with a typical peg transfer task on the HoloLens 1 and MagicLeap One. © 2020 IEEE. AD - Unc Chapel Hill, Umd College Park, United States Unc Chapel Hill, United States AU - Rewkowski, N. AU - State, A. AU - Fuchs, H. C3 - Adjunct Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, ISMAR-Adjunct 2020 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct51615.2020.00038 KW - Artificial intelligence Computer vision Computer vision problems Human computer interaction (HCI) Human-centered computing Interaction paradigms Mixed / augmented reality Computing methodologies Tracking Application programs Augmented reality Cameras Surgery Three dimensional computer graphics Visualization 3D Visualization Consumer applications Forward kinematics Low-cost devices Medical students Performance feedback Performance measurements Surgical training Costs LA - English N1 - Conference code: 165890 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF, IIS-1622589 Funding text 1: Acknowledgements Theauthorsgratefullyacknowledgethe support of NSF grant IIS-1622589 SCH: INT: Collaborative Research: ComputerGuidedLaparoscopyTraining. References: Flea3 usb3-flir Systems, , http://flir.com/products/flea3-usb3/; Limbs Things-pegboard + 6 Triangles for Fls Trainer. Fls-products, , http://com/fls/products/50331/50331-peg-board-And-Triangles; Synchronized Stereo Camera Hat for Raspberry Pi-Arducam, , http://arducam.com/product/b0195-synchronized-stereo-camera-hat-raspberry-pi; Usb3 Cameras (Du Series) /Dual usb3 Cameras (Ddu Series)-Toshiba Teli corporation.Toshiba-Teli.co.jp/en/products/industrial/usb/du-usb3.htm; Aghajan, H., Cavallaro, A., (2009) Multi-camera Networks: Principles and Applications, , Academic press; Barlow, J., Dyson, E., Leary, T., Bricken, W., Robinett, W., Lanier, J., Hip, hype and hope-The three faces of virtual worlds (panel session). In (1990) Acm Siggraph 90 Panel Proceedings, pp. 1001-1029; Borges, M., Symington, A., Coltin, B., Smith, T., Ventura, R., Htc vive: Analysis and accuracy improvement. In 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS, 2018, pp. 2610-2615; Bradski, G., The OpenCV Library (2000) Dr. Dobb?s Journal of Software Tools; Cano, A.M., Gaya, F., Lamata, P., Sanchez-Gonzalez, P., J.Gomez, E., Laparoscopic tool tracking method for augmented reality surgical applications. In (2008) International Symposium on Biomedical Simulation, pp. 191-196. , Springer; De Loose, J., Weyers, S., A laparoscopic training model for surgical trainees (2017) Gynecological Surgery, 14 (1), p. 24; Dean, J., Ghemawat, S., (2004) Mapreduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters; Diolaiti, N., Larkin, D.Q., Gomez, D., Mustafa, T., Mohr, P.W., Lilagan, P., Medical robotic system providing computer generated auxiliary views of a camera instrument for controlling the positioning and orienting of its tip (2014) Us Patent 8, pp. 864-652. , Oct. 21; Esquivel, S., Woelk, F., Koch, R., Calibration of a multi-camera rig from non-overlapping views. In (2007) Joint Pattern Recognition Symposium, pp. 82-91. , Springer; Frikha, R., Ejbali, R., Zaied, M., Handling occlusion in augmented reality surgical training based instrument tracking. In 2016 IEEE/ACS 13th International Conference of Computer Systems and Applications AICCSA, 2016, pp. 1-5; Hanly, E.J., Marohn, M.R., Bachman, S.L., Talamini, M.A., Hacker, S.O., Howard, R.S., Schenkman, N.S., Multiservice laparoscopic surgical training using the davinci surgical system (2004) The American Journal of Surgery, 187 (2), pp. 309-315; Hanna, M.G., Ahmed, I., Nine, J., Prajapati, S., Pantanowitz, L., Augmented reality technology using microsoft hololens in anatomic pathology (2018) Archives of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, 142 (5), pp. 638-644; Henderson, S.J., Feiner, S.K., Augmented reality in the psychomotor phase of a procedural task. In (2011) 2011 10th Ieee International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, pp. 191-200; King, B.W., Reisner, L.A., Pandya, A.K., Composto, A.M., Ellis, R.D., Klein, M.D., Towards an autonomous robot for camera control during laparoscopic surgery (2013) Journal of Laparoendoscopic Advanced Surgical Techniques, 23 (12), pp. 1027-1030; Knibbe, J., Benko, H., Wilson, A.D., Juggling the effects of latency: Software approaches to minimizing latency in dynamic projectorcamera systems. In (2015) Adjunct Proceedings of the 28th Annual Acm Symposium on User Interface Software Technology, pp. 93-94; Kucuk, S., Bingul, Z., (2006) Robot Kinematics: Forward and Inverse Kinematics. Intech Open Access Publisher; LaValle, S.M., Yershova, A., Katsev, M., Antonov, M., Head tracking for the oculus rift. In (2014) 2014 Ieee International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA, pp. 187-194; Luckett, E., (2018) A Quantitative Evaluation of the Htc Vive for Virtual Reality Research, , PhD thesis, The University of Mississippi; Norouzi, N., Kim, K., Lee, M., Schubert, R., Erickson, A., Bailenson, J., Bruder, G., Welch, G., Walking your virtual dog: Analysis of awareness and proxemics with simulated support animals in augmented reality. In 2019 Ieee International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality ISMAR, 2019, pp. 157-168; Okrainec, A., Soper, N.J., Swanstrom, L.L., Fried, G.M., Trends and results of the first 5 years of fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery (fls) certification testing (2011) Surgical Endoscopy, 25 (4), pp. 1192-1198; Point Optitrack, N., (2011) Natural Point, Inc; Postel, J., (1980) User Datagram Protocol; Rentschler, M., Dumpert, J., Platt, S., Ahmed, S., Farritor, S.M., Oleynikov, D., Mobile in vivo camera robots provide sole visual feedback for abdominal exploration and cholecystectomy (2006) Surgical Endoscopy and Other Interventional Techniques, 20 (1), pp. 135-138; Rhienmora, P., Gajananan, K., Haddawy, P., Dailey, M.N., Suebnukarn, S., Augmented reality haptics system for dental surgical skills training. In (2010) Proceedings of the 17th Acm Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, pp. 97-98; Rozenblit, J.W., Feng, C., Riojas, M., Napalkova, L., Hamilton, A.J., Hong, M., Berthet-Rayne, P., Nikodem, J., The computer assisted surgical trainer: Design, models, and implementation. In (2014) Proceedings of the 2014 Summer Simulation Multiconference, pp. 1-10; Samec, N.E., MacNamara, J.G., Harrises, C.M., Schowengerdt, B.T., Abovitz, R., Baerenrodt, M., Augmented and virtual reality display systems and methods for diagnosing health conditions based on visual fields Aug. 13 (2019) Us Patent 10, pp. 379-353; Senior, A.W., Hampapur, A., Lu, M., Acquiring multi-scale images by pan-Tilt-zoom control and automatic multi-camera calibration (2005) 2005 Seventh Ieee Workshops on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV/MOTION?05)-Volume 1, 1, pp. 433-438; Simonetti Ibanez, A., Paredes, J., (2013) Figueras. Vuforia v1. 5 Sdk: Analysis and Evaluation of Capabilities. Master?s Thesis, , Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya; Welch, G., Bishop, G., Scaat: Incremental tracking with incomplete information. In (1997) Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pp. 333-344; Welch, G., Bishop, G., (1995) An Introduction to the Kalman Filter; Westerfield, G., Mitrovic, A., Billinghurst, M., Intelligent augmented reality training for motherboard assembly (2015) International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 25 (1), pp. 157-172 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. PY - 2020 SN - 9781728176758 (ISBN) SP - 90-95 ST - Small Marker Tracking with Low-Cost, Unsynchronized, Movable Consumer Cameras for Augmented Reality Surgical Training T2 - 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, ISMAR-Adjunct 2020 TI - Small Marker Tracking with Low-Cost, Unsynchronized, Movable Consumer Cameras for Augmented Reality Surgical Training UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099550230&doi=10.1109%2fISMAR-Adjunct51615.2020.00038&partnerID=40&md5=e075fcaa5c0f4588f6eb2404d1555913 Y2 - 9 November 2020 through 13 November 2020 ID - 296 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic dramatically altered the delivery of surgical care. Methods: Members of the Southeastern Surgical Congress were surveyed regarding system adjustments, personal impact, and productivity losses. Subgroups were analyzed for disproportionate impact across practice models (academic/employed/private), practice communities (urban, suburban, rural), and practice case-mix categories (broad general surgery, narrow general surgery, specialty practice, hospital-based practice). Results: 135 respondents reported that 98.5% of surgeons and 97% of hospitals canceled elective cases. Practices and hospitals reduced staffing dramatically. Telemedicine was utilized by most respondents. Hospitals variably implemented system changes, developed tests, and set up diagnostic centers. Most surgeons anticipated resumption of practice and hospital activity by July 1, 2020. More than one-quarter reported worsened financial status and personal well-being. Interestingly, family/personal relationships were improved in more than one-third. Most surgeons anticipate reduced year-end case volumes, clinical productivity, and salary. In subgroup analyses, academic surgeons were more likely than employed and private-practice surgeons to use telemedicine and to work in hospitals with in-house COVID-19 testing. Private-practice surgeons expected decreased financial status, case volumes, relative value units (RVUs), and salary. More rural surgeons anticipate reduced salary than urban and suburban surgeons. Surgeons in narrow general surgery practice reported more furlough of employees than specialty surgeons, hospital-based surgeons, and broad-based general surgeons. Narrow-practice surgeons and specialists were more likely to report RVU reductions and improved family/personal relationships. Discussion: The COVID-19 slowdown affected surgeons throughout the southeastern United States. Variations between different practice models, communities, and case-mix categories may help inform surgeons in the future. © The Author(s) 2020. AD - Department of Surgery, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV, United States Health, Education and Research Institute, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, WV, United States Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Richmond, B. K. AU - Dean, L. S. AU - Farrell, T. M. C2 - 32926795 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/0003134820945203 10.1038/d41573-020-00073-5, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32273591; https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-surgery, March 13, 2020, June 22, 2020; https://SESC.org/about-sesc/mission, June 22, 2020; Hollander, J.E., Carr, B.G., Virtually perfect? telemedicine for Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (18), pp. 1679-1681. , doi:10.1056/NEJMp2003539, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32160451; Hong, Y.-R., Lawrence, J., Williams, D., Mainous III, A., Population-Level interest and telehealth capacity of US hospitals in response to COVID-19: cross-sectional analysis of Google search and national Hospital survey data (2020) JMIR Public Health Surveill, 6 (2). , doi:10.2196/18961, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32250963; Sorensen, M.J., Bessen, S., Danford, J., Fleischer, C., Wong, S.L., Telemedicine for surgical consultations-pandemic response or here to stay? (2020) Ann Surg, Publish Ahead of Print. , doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000004125; Prakash, S., Satiani, B., Analysis of compensation disparities between junior academic and private practice vascular surgeons (2017) Ann Vasc Surg, 39, pp. 236-241. , doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2016.05.127, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27554692; Nakayama, D.K., Hughes, T.G., Issues that face rural surgery in the United States (2014) J Am Coll Surg, 219 (4), pp. 814-818. , doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.03.056, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25065358; Anurudran, A., Yared, L., Comrie, C., Harrison, K., Burke, T., Domestic violence amid COVID‐19 (2020) Int J Gynecol Obstet, 150 (2), pp. 255-256. , doi:10.1002/ijgo.13247; Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3 (3). , doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32202646 IS - 8 J2 - Am. Surg. KW - COVID-19 financial impact practice impact slowdown surgery well-being adult aged Article clinical practice controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 testing family relation female financial statement general surgery health care delivery health care organization hospital hospital volume human human relation male medical specialist middle aged pandemic private practice productivity rural area salary suburban area surgeon telemedicine United States urban area very elderly wellbeing Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection questionnaire virus pneumonia Aged, 80 and over Coronavirus Infections Hospitals Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Practice Patterns, Physicians' Southeastern United States Surgeons Surveys and Questionnaires LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AMSUA Correspondence Address: Farrell, T.M.; Department of Surgery, United States; email: tfarrell@med.unc.edu PY - 2020 SN - 00031348 (ISSN) SP - 916-925 ST - The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Practice in the Southeastern United States: Results of a Survey of the Membership of the Southeastern Surgical Congress T2 - American Surgeon TI - The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Practice in the Southeastern United States: Results of a Survey of the Membership of the Southeastern Surgical Congress UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092681057&doi=10.1177%2f0003134820945203&partnerID=40&md5=11a29782a47aafb8af954b625dc493ad VL - 86 ID - 418 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Endocrinology Unit, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ, United States Division of Endocrinology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Division of Metabolism, Va Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Seattle, WA, United States AU - Riddle, M. C. AU - Buse, J. B. AU - Franks, P. W. AU - Knowler, W. C. AU - Ratner, R. E. AU - Selvin, E. AU - Wexler, D. J. AU - Kahn, S. E. C2 - 32409505 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2337/dci20-0024 IS - 7 J2 - Diabetes Care KW - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 age cardiovascular disease clinical feature coronavirus disease 2019 coughing diabetes mellitus disease association disease severity epidemic fever human infection prevention infection rate infection sensitivity mortality rate obesity Review risk factor symptom LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :20 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: DICAD Correspondence Address: Riddle, M.C.; Division of Endocrinology, United States; email: riddlem@ohsu.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, P30DK124723, ULITR002489 Funding details: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK Funding details: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA, 101 BX001060, P30 DK017047 Funding details: Boehringer Ingelheim, BI Funding details: Eli Lilly and Company Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: Sanofi Funding details: Oregon Health and Science University, OHSU Funding details: Novo Nordisk Funding details: Servier, J24DK106414 Funding text 1: Funding. This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the Department of Veterans Affairs. Duality of Interest. M.C.R. reports receiving research grant support through Oregon Health & Science University from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk and honoraria for consulting from Adocia, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Theracos. J.B.B. reports contracted consulting fees and travel support for contracted activities paid to the University of North Carolina by Adocia, Astra-Zeneca, Dance Biopharm, Eli Lilly, MannKind, NovaTarg, Novo Nordisk, Senseonics, vTv Therapeutics, and Zafgen; grant support from Nova-Targ, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Tolerion, and vTv Therapeutics; consulting fees from Cirius Therapeutics Inc., CSL Behring, Mellitus Health, Neurimmune AG, Pendulum Therapeutics, and Stability Health; stock/options in Mellitus Health, Pendulum Therapeutics, PhaseBio, and Stability Health; and support from the National Institutes of Health (ULITR002489, P30DK124723). P.W.F. reports research grant support from Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, and Servier; consulting fees from Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Zoe Global Ltd.; and stock options in Zoe Global Ltd. R.E.R reports having received honoraria for serving as an advisor to Novo Nordisk, Pendulum Therapeutics, and Virta Health. E.S. reports honoraria from Novo Nordisk and grant support from the National Institutes of Health (J24DK106414). D.J.W. reports serving on data monitoring committees for Novo Nordisk. S.E.K. reports having received honoraria for serving as an advisor to Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Intarcia, Janssen, Merck, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer and grant support from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (101 BX001060) and the National Institutes of Health (P30 DK017047). No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported. References: Raoult, D, Mouffok, N, Bitam, I, Piarroux, R, Drancourt, M., Plague: History and contemporary analysis (2013) J Infect, 66, pp. 18-26; Raoult, D, Woodward, T, Dumler, JS., The history of epidemic typhus (2004) Infect Dis Clin North Am, 18, pp. 127-140; Short, KR, Kedzierska, K, van de Sandt, CE., Back to the future: Lessons learned from the 1918 influenza pandemic (2018) Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 8, p. 343; Cui, J, Li, F, Shi, Z-L., Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses (2019) Nat Rev Microbiol, 17, pp. 181-192; Liu, Zhonghua, Za Zhi, Xue, The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China (2020) Chinese J Epidemiol, 41, pp. 145-151. , Xing Bing, Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team; Guan, WJ, Ni, ZY, Hu, Y, Clinical characteristics of coronavirus 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1708-1720. , China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19; Zhou, F, Yu, T, Du, R, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Holshue, ML, DeBolt, C, Lindquist, S, First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 929-936. , Washington State 2019-nCoV Case Investigation Team; McMichael, TM, Currie, DW, Clark, S, Public Health-Seattle and King County, Evergreen Health, and CDC COVID-19 Investigation Team. Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a long-term care facility in King County, Washington (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 2005-2011; Arentz, M, Yim, E, Klaff, L, Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1612-1614; Bhatraju, PK, Ghassemieh, BJ, Nichols, M, Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle regiondcase series (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 2012-2022; Preliminary estimates of the prevalence of selected underlying health conditions among patients with coronavirus disease 2019dUnited States, February 12-March 28, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 382-386. , CDC COVID-19 Response Team; Shi, Q, Zhang, X, Jiang, F, Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with diabetes in Wuhan, China: A two-center, retrospective case-control study (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1382-1391; Cai, Q, Chen, F, Luo, F, Obesity and COVID-19 severity in a designated hospital in Shenzhen, China (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1392-1398; Gao, F, Zhang, KI, Wang, X-B, Obesity is a risk factor for greater COVID-19 severity (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. e72-e74; Chen, Y, Yang, D, Cheng, B, Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 in association with glucoselowering medication (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1399-1407; Sardu, C, D'Onofrio, N, Balestrieri, ML, Outcomes in hyperglycemic patients affected by COVID-19: Can we do more on glycemic control? (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1408-1415; Shenav-Zaltzman, G, Segal, G, Konvalina, N, Tirosh, A., Remote glucose monitoring of hospitalized, quarantined patients with diabetes and COVID-19 (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. e75-e76; Rao, LA, Lau, A, So, H-C., Exploring diseases/traits and blood proteins causally related to expression of ACE2, the putative receptor of SARS-CoV-2: A Mendelian randomization analysis highlights tentative relevance of diabetesrelated traits (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1416-1426; Vaduganathan, M, Vardeny, O, Michel, T, McMurray, JJV, Pfeffer, MA, Solomon, SD., Reninangiotensin- A ldosterone system inhibitors in patients with Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1653-1659; Zhang, P, Zhu, L, Cai, J, Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortalityamongpatients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19 Circ Res, , 17 April 2020 [Epub ahead of print]; Ceriello, A, Standl, E, Catrinoiu, D, Issues of cardiovascular risk management in people with diabetes in the COVID-19 era (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1427-1432. , Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease (D&CVD) EASD Study Group; McIntyre, HD, Moses, RG., The diagnosis and management of gestational diabetes mellitus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1433-1434; Cefalu, WT, James, SP, Star, RA., Opportunities for research for COVID-19 in the mission of NIDDK (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1435-1437 PY - 2020 SN - 01495992 (ISSN) SP - 1378-1381 ST - COVID-19 in People with Diabetes: Urgently Needed Lessons from Early Reports T2 - Diabetes Care TI - COVID-19 in People with Diabetes: Urgently Needed Lessons from Early Reports UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086231824&doi=10.2337%2fdci20-0024&partnerID=40&md5=65625373e8420dab7f3f3e6651cb0a43 VL - 43 ID - 464 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rationale and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced rapid evolution of the healthcare environment. Efforts to mitigate the spread of the virus through social distancing and shelter-at-home edicts have unintended consequences upon clinical and educational missions and mental well-being of radiology departments. We sought to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology residencies with respect to the educational mission and perceptions of impact on well-being. Materials and Methods: This study was IRB exempt. An anonymous 22 question survey regarding the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on educational and clinical missions of residencies, its perceived impact upon morale of radiologists and trainees and a query of innovative solutions devised in response, was emailed to the Association of Program Directors in Radiology membership. Survey data were collected using SurveyMonkey (San Mateo, California). Results: Respondents felt the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted their residency programs. Regarding the educational mission impact, 70.1% (75/107) report moderate/marked negative impact and 2.8% (3/107) that educational activities have ceased. Regarding the pandemic's impact on resident morale, 44.8% (48/107) perceive moderate/marked negative effect; perceived resident morale in programs with redeployment is significantly worse with 57.1% (12/21) reporting moderate/marked decrease. Respondents overwhelmingly report adequate resident access to mental health resources during the acute phase of the pandemic (88.8%, 95/107). Regarding morale of program directors, 61% (65/106) report either mild or marked decreased morale. Program innovations reported by program directors were catalogued and shared. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has markedly impacted the perceived well-being and educational missions of radiology residency programs across the United States. © 2020 The Association of University Radiologists AD - University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, E3/374 CSC, Madison, WI 53792, United States University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati, OH, United States Mayo Clinic Arizona, Department of Radiology, Phoenix, AZ, United States University of Massachusetts Medical School, Department of Radiology, Worcester, MA, United States Staten Island University Hospital Northwell Health, Department of Radiology, Staten Island, NY, United States AdventHealth Imaging, Orlando, FL, United States Ochsner Clinic Foundation, Department of Radiology, New Orleans, LA, United States University of Michigan Health System, Department of Radiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States University of Kansas School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Wichita, KS, United States Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Radiology, Boston, MA, United States Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Atlanta, Georgia, United States MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Department of Radiology, Washington, DC, United States University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Chicago, IL, United States University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Robbins, J. B. AU - England, E. AU - Patel, M. D. AU - DeBenedectis, C. M. AU - Sarkany, D. S. AU - Heitkamp, D. E. AU - Milburn, J. M. AU - Kalia, V. AU - Ali, K. AU - Gaviola, G. C. AU - Ho, C. P. AU - Jay, A. K. AU - Ong, S. AU - Jordan, S. G. C2 - 32571648 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.acra.2020.06.002 IS - 8 J2 - Acad. Radiol. KW - Association of Program Directors in Radiology COVID-19 Program director Radiology resident Well-being Article career planning child care clinical education coronavirus disease 2019 counseling e-mail employee health care system health survey human leadership medical student meditation mental health morality pandemic pregnancy priority journal radiologist radiology radiology department residency education resident social media videoconferencing virtual reality wellbeing Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection education medical education procedures psychology questionnaire radiography United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Internship and Residency Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Radiologists Surveys and Questionnaires LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :20 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ARADF Correspondence Address: Robbins, J.B.; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, E3/374 CSC, United States; email: JRobbins@uwhealth.org Funding text 1: Peer support (formal program sponsored by institution) References: Alvin, M.D., George, E., Deng, F., The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiology Trainees (2020) Radiology, , online ahead of print; Chong, A., Kagetsu, N.J., Yen, A., Radiology Residency Preparedness and Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020) Acad Radiol, 27 (6), pp. 856-861; Mossa-Basha, M., Meltzer, C.C., Kim, D.C., Radiology Department Preparedness for COVID-19: Radiology Scientific Expert Panel (2020) Radiology, , online ahead of print; England, E.K., Kanfi, A., Flink, C., Radiology Residency Program Management in the COVID Era - Strategy and Reality (2020) Acad Radiol, , online ahead of print; Gallagher, T.H., Schleyer, A.M., "We Signed Up for This!" - Student and Trainee Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic (2020) N Engl J Med, , online ahead of print; Cavallo, J.J., Forman, H.P., The Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Radiology Practices (2020) Radiology, , online ahead of print; Walach, E., https://www.aidoc.com/blog/ct-imaging-volumes-covid19/?utm_content=125056050&utm_medium=social&utm_source=linkedin&hss_channel=lis-xca2IgYf3G, COVID-19 Impact on CT Imaging Volume aidoc.com blog [updated April 24, 2020]. Available from:; Mossa-Basha, M., Medverd, J., Linnau, K., Policies and Guidelines for COVID-19 Preparedness: Experiences from the University of Washington (2020) Radiology, , online ahead of print; Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3 (3); Kane, L., https://www.medscape.com/slideshow/2020-lifestyle-burnout-6012460, Medcape National Physician Burnout & Suicide Report 2020: The Generational Divide: Medscape; 2020 [updated January 15, 2020]. Available from:; Kruskal, J.B., Shanafelt, T., Eby, P., A Road Map to Foster Wellness and Engagement in Our Workplace-A Report of the 2018 Summer Intersociety Meeting (2019) J Am Coll Radiol., 16 (6), pp. 869-877; Guenette, J.P., Smith, S.E., Burnout: Prevalence and Associated Factors Among Radiology Residents in New England With Comparison Against United States Resident Physicians in Other Specialties (2017) AJR Am J Roentgenol, 209 (1), pp. 136-141; Holmes, E.G., Connolly, A., Putnam, K.T., Taking Care of Our Own: A Multispecialty Study of Resident and Program Director Perspectives on Contributors to Burnout and Potential Interventions (2017) Academic psychiatry: the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry, 41 (2), pp. 159-166; Porrino, J., Mulcahy, M.J., Mulcahy, H., Emotional Wellness of Current Musculoskeletal Radiology Fellows (2017) Acad Radiol, 24 (6), pp. 682-693; https://acgme.org/COVID-19/Three-Stages-of-GME-During-the-COVID-19-Pandemic, ACGME. Three Stages of GME During the COVID-19 Pandemic Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Edcuation (ACGME) 2020 Available from:; Vaccani, J.P., Javidnia, H., Humphrey-Murto, S., The effectiveness of webcast compared to live lectures as a teaching tool in medical school (2016) Med Teach, 38 (1), pp. 59-63; Bertsch, T.F., Callas, P.W., Rubin, A., Effectiveness of lectures attended via interactive video conferencing versus in-person in preparing third-year internal medicine clerkship students for Clinical Practice Examinations (CPX) (2007) Teach Learn Med, 19 (1), pp. 4-8; Kircher, M.F., Hines-Peralta, A., Boiselle, P.M., Implementation of screen-capture video recordings of resident conferences in an academic radiology department: pilot experience (2010) Acad Radiol, 17 (2), pp. 255-263; O'Connor, E.E., Fried, J., McNulty, N., Flipping Radiology Education Right Side Up (2016) Acad Radiol, 23 (7), pp. 810-822; Belfi, L.M., Bartolotta, R.J., Giambrone, A.E., "Flipping" the introductory clerkship in radiology: impact on medical student performance and perceptions (2015) Acad Radiol, 22 (6), pp. 794-801; Guenette, J.P., Smith, S.E., Burnout: Job Resources and Job Demands Associated With Low Personal Accomplishment in United States Radiology Residents (2018) Acad Radiol, 25 (6), pp. 739-743; Maunder, R.G., Leszcz, M., Savage, D., Applying the lessons of SARS to pandemic influenza: an evidence-based approach to mitigating the stress experienced by healthcare workers (2008) Can J Public Health, 99 (6), pp. 486-488; Liu, N., Zhang, F., Wei, C., Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter (2020) Psychiatry Res, 287; Vieselmeyer, J., Holguin, J., Mezulis, A., The Role of Resilience and Gratitude in Posttraumatic Stress and Growth Following a Campus Shooting (2017) Psychol Trauma-Us, 9 (1), pp. 62-69; Bartlett, M.Y., Condon, P., Cruz, J., Gratitude: Prompting behaviours that build relationships (2012) Cognition Emotion, 26 (1), pp. 2-13; Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Vincent, L., The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital (2003) Cmaj, 168 (10), pp. 1245-1251; Griffies, W.S., Post-Katrina stabilization of the LSU/Ochsner Psychiatry Residency Program: caveats for disaster preparedness (2009) Academic psychiatry: the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry, 33 (5), pp. 418-422; Spalluto, L.B., Planz, V.B., Stokes, L.S., Transparency and Trust During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 COVID-19 Pandemic (2020) Journal of the American College of Radiology, , online ahead of print; Shanafelt, T.D., Gorringe, G., Menaker, R., Impact of organizational leadership on physician burnout and satisfaction (2015) Mayo Clin Proc, 90 (4), pp. 432-440; Mendoza, D., Bertino, F.J., Why Radiology Residents Experience Burnout and How to Fix It (2019) Acad Radiol, 26 (4), pp. 555-558; De Oliveira, G.S., Jr., Almeida, M.D., Ahmad, S., Anesthesiology residency program director burnout (2011) J Clin Anesth, 23 (3), pp. 176-182; Aggarwal, S., Kusano, A.S., Carter, J.N., Stress and Burnout Among Residency Program Directors in United States Radiation Oncology Programs (2015) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 93 (4), pp. 746-753; Anderson, K.D., Mavis, B.E., Dean, R.E., Feeling the stress: perceptions of burnout among general surgery program directors (2000) Curr Surg, 57 (1), pp. 46-50; Nguyen, D., Canny, J., Multiview, (2007) Improving trust in group video conferencing through spatial faithfulness. Conference paper, pp. 1465-1474. , http://bid.berkeley.edu/files/papers/multiview07.pdf, University of California Berkely available from: Accessed on 6/17/2020; Rozenshtein, A., Heitkamp, D.E., Muhammed, T.L., “What Program Directors Think” III: Results of the 2014/2015 Annual Surveys of the Association of Program Directors in Radiology (APDR) (2016) Acad Radiol, 23 (7), pp. 861-869; Jordan, S.G., Robbins, J.B., Sarkany, D., The Association of Program Directors in Radiology Well-Being 2019 Survey: Identifying Residency Gaps and Offering Solutions (2019) J Am Coll Radiol, 16 (12), pp. 1702-1706 PY - 2020 SN - 10766332 (ISSN) SP - 1162-1172 ST - COVID-19 Impact on Well-Being and Education in Radiology Residencies: A Survey of the Association of Program Directors in Radiology T2 - Academic Radiology TI - COVID-19 Impact on Well-Being and Education in Radiology Residencies: A Survey of the Association of Program Directors in Radiology UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086670011&doi=10.1016%2fj.acra.2020.06.002&partnerID=40&md5=3654dcee04a1a50ed8ca8c2eb749670e VL - 27 ID - 430 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge in delivering care to wound patients. Due to multiple comorbidities, wound patients are at an increased risk for the most extreme complications of COVID-19 and providers must focus on reducing their exposure risk. The Federal, State, and local governments, as well as payers, have urged hospitals and providers to reduce utilization of nonessential health services, but they also have given more flexibility to shift the site of necessary care to lower risk environments. Providers must be prepared for disruption from this pandemic mode of health care for the next 18 months, at minimum. The wound provider must accept the new normal during the pandemic by adapting their care to meet the safety needs of the patient and the public. The Wound Center Without Walls is a strategy to untether wound care from a physical location and aggressively triage and provide care to patients with wounds across the spectrum of the health system utilizing technology and community-centered care. AD - American Board of Podiatric Medicine, Los Angeles, CA Professor of Surgery and Director, Southwestern Academic Limb Salvage Alliance (SALSA), Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Chief Medical Officer, Inc., White Plains, NY Professor of Geriatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Medical Director, CHI St. Luke's Wound Clinic, The Woodlands, TX Fellow, American Professional Wound Care Association, Mobile, AL CEO, Marietta, United States Professor of Surgery (Plastic Surgery), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, TX, Dallas, United States Division of Vascular Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill Associate Director, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute; and Vice-Chairman, Division of Vascular Surgery, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA Executive Director, Alliance of Wound Care Stakeholders, MD, Bethesda, United States Health Policy Advisor, Alliance of Wound Care Stakeholders, MD, Bethesda, United States Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA AU - Rogers, L. C. AU - Armstrong, D. G. AU - Capotorto, J. AU - Fife, C. E. AU - Garcia, J. R. AU - Gelly, H. AU - Gurtner, G. C. AU - Lavery, L. A. AU - Marston, W. AU - Neville, R. AU - Nusgart, M. AU - Ravitz, K. AU - Woelfel, S. C2 - 32335520 DB - Scopus IS - 7 J2 - Wounds KW - allograft amnion cryopreservation female human injury male middle aged pilot study prospective study transplantation umbilical cord wound healing Allografts Humans Pilot Projects Prospective Studies Wounds and Injuries LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 19432704 (ISSN) SP - 178-185 ST - Prospective, Single-center, Open-label, Pilot Study Using Cryopreserved Umbilical Tissue Containing Viable Cells in the Treatment of Complex Acute and Chronic Wounds T2 - Wounds : a compendium of clinical research and practice TI - Prospective, Single-center, Open-label, Pilot Study Using Cryopreserved Umbilical Tissue Containing Viable Cells in the Treatment of Complex Acute and Chronic Wounds UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102092943&partnerID=40&md5=7b89d6ca53563d4ad6989af075f624d4 VL - 32 ID - 452 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus identified in 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in seismic changes throughout society. Accordingly, academia has been forced to adapt. Changes across all aspects of teaching and instruction have occurred. Students have departed campuses and prospects of their return remain unclear. The Academy, which is generally reluctant to change, has been forced to make rapid adjustments. Among other issues, pharmacy schools and colleges have been forced to mitigate changes to experiential education. Tremendous resources and energy have been invested to actuate the changes that have occurred. In many ways, the disruptions forced upon pharmacy education may usher in a new normal. The likelihood for even a partial return to the customary way of doing things appears increasingly unlikely. © 2020, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. All rights reserved. AD - University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, United States American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, VA, United States University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN, United States Western New England University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Springfield, MA, United States Editorial Board Member, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, VA, United States AU - Romanelli, F. AU - Rhoney, D. H. AU - Black, E. P. AU - Conway, J. AU - Kennedy, D. R. C2 - 32665718 C7 - 8131 DB - Scopus DO - 10.5688/ajpe8131 IS - 6 J2 - Am. J. Pharm. Educ. KW - Academia Education Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection human organization and management pandemic pharmacy school problem based learning virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Education, Pharmacy Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Problem-Based Learning Schools, Pharmacy LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Romanelli, F.; University of Kentucky, United States; email: froma2@uky.edu Correspondence Address: Romanelli, F.; American Journal of Pharmaceutical EducationUnited States; email: froma2@uky.edu References: Blouin, RA, Joyner, PU, Pollack, GM., Preparing for a renaissance in pharmacy education: the need, opportunity, and capacity for change (2008) Am J Pharm Educ, 72 (2), p. 42. , Article; Pavuluri, N, Aparasu, RR, Boke, KMK, Consideration of aggressive and strategic approaches to address declining enrollment in US pharmacy schools (2019) Am J Pharm Educ, 83 (6), p. 6959. , Article; Feola, DJ, Black, EP, McNamara, PJ, Development of guiding principles for a new era in graduate education (2019) Am J Pharm Educ, 83 (2), p. 7422. , Article; Romanelli, F, Tracy, TS., A coming disruption in pharmacy (2015) Am J Pharm Educ, 79 (1), p. 15. , Article Knapp DA, Knapp DA. Disruption coming to pharmacy and 5. Knapp DA, Knapp DA. Disruption coming to pharmacy and; pharmacy education (2015) Am J Pharm Educ, 79 (8), p. 127. , https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe798127, Article; Gillette, C, Rudolph, M, Kimble, C, A meta-analysis of outcomes comparing flipped classroom to lectures (2018) Am J Pharm Educ, 82 (5), p. 6898. , https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe6898, Article; Frame, TR, Cailor, SM, Gryka, RJ, Student perceptions of team-based learning versus traditional lecture-based learning (2015) Am J Pharm Educ, 79 (4), p. 51. , https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe79451, Article; Progress in our schools report, , https://www.ed.gov/k-12reforms, US Department of Education. Accessed May 15, 2020; Irby, DM, Wilkerson, L., Educational innovations in academic medicine and environmental trends (2003) JGenInternMed, 18 (5), pp. 37-36; Macgaghie, WC., Mastery learning: it is time for medical education to join the 21st century (2015) Acad Med, 90 (11), pp. 1438-1441; Boyle, CJ, Gonyeau, M, Flowers, SK., Adapting leadership styles to reflect generational differences in the academy (2018) Am J Pharm Educ, 82 (6), p. 6886. , Article; Emanuel, EJ., The inevitable reimagining of medical education (2020) JAMA, , Feb 27. [Epub ahead of print]; Herbert, C, Velan, GM, Pryor, WM., A model for the use of blended learning in large group teaching sessions (2017) BMC Med Educ, 17 (1), p. 197; Stewart, DW, Brown, SD, Clavier, CW, Active-learning processes used in US pharmacy education (2011) Am J Pharm Educ, 75 (4), p. 68. , https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe75468, Article PY - 2020 SN - 00029459 (ISSN) SP - 664-666 ST - The covid-19 pandemic across the academy: Pharmacy education crosses the rubicon T2 - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education TI - The covid-19 pandemic across the academy: Pharmacy education crosses the rubicon UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087444086&doi=10.5688%2fajpe8131&partnerID=40&md5=e3e0064261b24ff53188df1de32c2d38 VL - 84 ID - 567 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Carolina Population Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Root, H. AU - Boyce, R. AU - Robinson, W. R. C7 - e004685 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004685 IS - 12 J2 - BMJ Glob. Health KW - COVID-19 diseases disorders epidemiology infections injuries serology LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Robinson, W.R.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: whitney_robinson@unc.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, K23AI141764 Funding details: North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, NCDHHS Funding text 1: Funding WRR receives support from Gillings Innovations Labs, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. RB receives support from the National Institutes of Health (K23AI141764) and the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services through the North Carolina Partnership for Excellence in Applied Epidemiology programme. Competing interests None declared. Patient consent for publication Not required. References: Havers, F.P., Reed, C., Lim, T.W., (2020) Seroprevalence of Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in Six Sites in the United States, , medRxiv; Nsubuga, P., White, M.E., Thacker, S.B., (2006) Public Health Surveillance: A Tool for Targeting and Monitoring Interventions, , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11770/, World Bank.. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, eds. Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd ed; Dee, J., Garcia Calleja, J.M., Marsh, K., HIV surveillance among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics: Evolution and current direction (2017) Jmir Public Health Surveill, 3, p. 85; Slutkin, G., Chin, J., Tarantola, D., (1988) Sentinel Surveillance for HIV Infection: A Method to Monitor HIV Infection Trends in Population Groups, , http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/61728/1/WHO_GPA_DIR_88.8.pdf, World Health Organization; (1999), https://www.who.int/hiv/strategic/surveillance/en/GTZ_surveillance.pdf?ua=1, GTZ. HIV/AIDS surveillance in developing countries [Accessed 25 May 2020]; Stadlbauer, D., Tan, J., Jiang, K., (2020) Seroconversion of a City: Longitudinal Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in New York City, , medRxiv; Flannery, D.D., Gouma, S., Dhudasia, M.B., (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence among Parturient Women, , medRxiv. [Epub ahead of print: 10 Jul 2020]; (2020) Pfizer and BioNTech to Submit Emergency Use Authorization Request Today to the U.S. Fda for COVID-19 Vaccine, , https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-releasedetail/pfizer-and-biontech-submit-emergency-use-authorization; (2020), https://investors.modernatx.com/news-releases/news-release-details/moderna-announces-primary-efficacy-analysis-phase-3-cove-study/, Moderna, Inc. Moderna Announces primary efficacy analysis in phase 3 COVE study for its COVID-19 vaccine candidate and filing today with U.S. FDA for emergency use AuthorizationUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098669616&doi=10.1136%2fbmjgh-2020-004685&partnerID=40&md5=0fdcdf57978412bb7a7e917c992e8d6a PY - 2020 SN - 20597908 (ISSN) ST - Learning from LMICs: Best practices for leveraging sentinel surveillance systems to track the US COVID-19 pandemic T2 - BMJ Global Health TI - Learning from LMICs: Best practices for leveraging sentinel surveillance systems to track the US COVID-19 pandemic VL - 5 ID - 235 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Emergency Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine / NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States NewYork-Presbyterian Emergency Medicine Residency Program, New York, NY, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VAMC, Bronx, NY, United States AU - Rosen, T. AU - Ferrante, L. E. AU - Liu, S. W. AU - Benton, E. A. AU - Mulcare, M. R. AU - Stern, M. E. AU - Biese, K. AU - Hwang, U. AU - Sanon, M. C2 - 32574404 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/jgs.16651 IS - 8 J2 - J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. KW - COVID-19 Emergency Department Older adults Rationing Resource allocation acute disease advance care planning aerosol ageism algorithm anesthesiologist Article bilevel positive airway pressure chronic patient clinical decision making Clinical Frailty Scale clinician cognitive defect conversation coronavirus disease 2019 critically ill patient decision making delirium disease severity emergency health service emergency ward exposure geriatrician geriatrics health care policy health care system health workforce heart arrest home care hospital mortality hospitalization human intensive care intensive care unit intubation leadership life sustaining treatment long term care medical specialist medical staff morbidity nursing home outpatient palliative therapy pandemic patient care physician primary medical care prognosis protective glasses proxy rating scale rehabilitation care respiratory distress respiratory failure resuscitation risk benefit analysis rural area scoring system Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score treatment outcome visual impairment aged Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection ethics female health care organization hospital emergency service male very elderly virus pneumonia Aged, 80 and over Clinical Decision-Making Coronavirus Infections Emergency Service, Hospital Health Care Rationing Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAGSA Correspondence Address: Rosen, T.; Department of Emergency Medicine, United States; email: aer2006@med.cornell.edu Funding details: K76 057023, K76 AG054866 Funding details: National Institute on Aging, NIA Funding details: American Geriatrics Society, AGS Funding text 1: Tony Rosen’s (K76 AG054866) and Lauren E. Ferrante’s (K76 057023) participation was supported by Paul B. Beeson Emerging Leaders in Aging Career Development Awards from the National Institute on Aging. This paper does not represent the official views of any sponsor. Funding text 2: Michael L. Malone owns stock in Abbott Labs and Abbvie. The authors wish to thank Timothy Farrell, MD AGSF for leading the development of the American Geriatrics Society?s (AGS) Position Paper and the expanded rationale and to other colleagues on the interdisciplinary team that authored and reviewed it. This idea for this commentary began at the suggestion of Dr. Farrell. The authors also wish to acknowledge Nancy Lundebjerg, MPA, CEO of the American Geriatrics Society. The authors would like to thank Alyssa Civil, who scribed a preliminary draft of this manuscript. Tony Rosen, MD, MPH appreciates the generosity of the Razak family in allowing him to live in their home during the COVID-19 pandemic. No authors have any conflicts of interest to report. TR, MS, and UH developed initial concept and design. LEF, SWL, EAB, MRM, MES, and KB also contributed to concept and design. TR and MS drafted the manuscript and LEF, SWL, EAB, MRM, MES, KB, and UH provided critical revisions of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Tony Rosen?s (K76 AG054866) and Lauren E. Ferrante?s (K76 057023) participation was supported by Paul B. Beeson Emerging Leaders in Aging Career Development Awards from the National Institute on Aging. This paper does not represent the official views of any sponsor. References: Farrell, T.W., Ferrante, L.E., Brown, T., Francis, L., Widera, E., Rhodes, R., Rosen, T., Saliba, D., AGS Position Statement: Resource allocation strategies and age-related considerations in the COVID-19 era and beyond (2020) J Am Geriatr Soc, , https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16537, [Epub ahead of print]; Farrell, T.W., Francis, L., Brown, T., Ferrante, L.E., Widera, E., Rhodes, R., Rosen, T., Saliba, D., Rationing limited health care resources in the COVID-19 era and Beyond: Ethical considerations regarding older adults (2020) J Am Geriatr Soc, , https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16539, [Epub ahead of print]; Ferrante, L.E., Pisani, M.A., Murphy, T.E., Gahbauer, E.A., Leo-Summers, L.S., Gill, T.M., The association of frailty with post-ICU disability, nursing home admission, and mortality: A longitudinal study (2018) Chest, 153, pp. 1378-1386. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2018.03.007; Ferrante, L.E., Pisani, M.A., Murphy, T.E., Gahbauer, E.A., Leo-Summers, L.S., Gill, T.M., Functional trajectories among older persons before and after critical illness (2015) JAMA Intern Med, 175, pp. 523-529. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.7889; Tinetti, M.E., McAvay, G.J., Murphy, T.E., Gross, C.P., Lin, H., Allore, H.G., Contribution of individual diseases to death in older adults with multiple diseases (2012) J Am Geriatr Soc, 60, pp. 1448-1456. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.04077.x; Hwang, U., Malsch, A.J., Biese, K.J., Inouye, S.K., Preventing and managing delirium in older emergency department patients during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Journal of Geriatric Emergency Medicine, 1 (4). , https://gedcollaborative.com/article/covid-19-delirium-care/, Accessed on May 14, 2020; Hu, H., Yao, N., Qiu, Y., Comparing rapid scoring systems in mortality prediction of critical ill patients with novel coronavirus disease (2020) Acad Emerg Med, , https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13992; Ferreira, F.L., Bota, D.P., Bross, A., Mélot, C., Vincent, J.L., Serial evaluation of the SOFA score to predict outcome in critically ill patients (2001) JAMA, 286, pp. 1754-1758. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.14.1754; Rockwood, K., Song, X., MacKnight, C., A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people (2005) CMAJ, 173, pp. 489-495. , https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.050051; Wragg, T., https://www.nursingtimes.net/clinical-archive/coronavirus-clinical-archive/an-overview-of-initial-nice-clinical-guidance-about-covid-19-31-03-2020/, An overview of initial NICE clinical guidance about Covid-19. Nursing Times 2020;11618–20., Accessed on May 14, 2020; de Simone, G., Mancusi, C., COVID-19: Timing is important (2020) Eur J Intern Med, (20), pp. S0953-6205. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2020.04.019, 30133–3; Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 475-481. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5; Goyal, P., Choi, J.J., Pinheiro, L.C., Schenck, E.J., Chen, R., Jabri, A., Satlin, M.J., Safford, M.M., Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in New York City (2020) N Engl J Med, , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2010419, [Epub ahead of print]; Sun, Q., Qiu, H., Huang, M., Yang, Y.J., Lower mortality of COVID-19 by early recognition and intervention: experience from Jiangsu province (2020) Ann Intensive Care, 10, p. 33. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00650-2 PY - 2020 SN - 00028614 (ISSN) SP - 1631-1635 ST - Managing Older Adults with Presumed COVID-19 in the Emergency Department: A Rational Approach to Rationing T2 - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society TI - Managing Older Adults with Presumed COVID-19 in the Emergency Department: A Rational Approach to Rationing UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087771425&doi=10.1111%2fjgs.16651&partnerID=40&md5=fb1a9c8cb8e270a9e13652209c672519 VL - 68 ID - 427 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States Department of Psychology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States AU - Rosman, L. AU - Gehi, A. AU - Sears, S. F. C2 - 33320699 C7 - 9064 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1161/CIRCEP.120.009064 J2 - Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. KW - ambulatory care arrhythmia cough education quality of life coping behavior emotion health status heart arrhythmia human mental health mental stress pathophysiology psychology telemedicine Adaptation, Psychological Arrhythmias, Cardiac COVID-19 Emotions Humans Stress, Psychological LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Rosman, L.; Division of Cardiology, 160 Dental Cir - CB 7075 Burnett-Womack Bldg, United States; email: lindsey_rosman@med.unc.edu References: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html, Accessed June 16, 2020; Zheng, Z., Peng, F., Xu, B., Zhao, J., Liu, H., Peng, J., Li, Q., Liu, S., Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis (2020) J Infect, 81, pp. e16-e25; Fosbøl, E.L., Butt, J.H., Østergaard, L., Andersson, C., Selmer, C., Kragholm, K., Schou, M., Gerds, T.A., Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker use with COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality (2020) Jama, 324, pp. 168-177 PY - 2020 SN - 19413149 (ISSN) ST - How to Stay Healthy and Manage Stress if You Have a Heart Rhythm Disorder: A Guide for Patients and Their Families during the COVID-19 Outbreak T2 - Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology TI - How to Stay Healthy and Manage Stress if You Have a Heart Rhythm Disorder: A Guide for Patients and Their Families during the COVID-19 Outbreak UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098533612&doi=10.1161%2fCIRCEP.120.009064&partnerID=40&md5=18eaa52ab2b8b01180601009fea3c08c ID - 533 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Since the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first emerged in December 2019, there have been unprecedented efforts worldwide to contain and mitigate the rapid spread of the virus through evidence-based public health measures. As a component of pandemic response in the United States, efforts to develop, launch, and scale-up contact tracing initiatives are rapidly expanding, yet the presence of social work is noticeably absent. In this paper, we identify the specialized skill set necessary for high quality contact tracing in the COVID-19 era and explore its alignment with social work competencies and skills. Described are current examples of contact tracing efforts, and an argument for greater social work leadership, based on the profession’s ethics, competencies and person-in-environment orientation is offered. In light of the dire need for widespread high-quality contact tracing, social work is well-positioned to participate in interprofessional efforts to design, oversee and manage highly effective front-line contact tracing efforts. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. AD - Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, New York, NY, United States School of Social Work-Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States Graduate School of Social Work, Touro College, New York, NY, United States Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States AU - Ross, A. M. AU - Zerden, L. D. S. AU - Ruth, B. J. AU - Zelnick, J. AU - Cederbaum, J. C2 - 32781912 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/19371918.2020.1806170 IS - 7 J2 - Soc. Work Publ. Health KW - contact tracing COVID-19 public health Social work design method epidemic ethics health worker viral disease United States Coronavirus Betacoronavirus contact examination Coronavirus infection human pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Ross, A.M.; Graduate School of Social Service, United States; email: aross28@fordham.edu References: Abramson, J.S., Making teams work (1990) Social Work with Groups, 12 (4), pp. 45-63; (2020) The color of coronavirus: COVID-19 deaths by race and ethnicity in the US, , https://www.apmresearchlab.org/covid/deaths-by-race, Retrieved from; Armbruster, B., Brandeau, M.L., Contact tracing to control infectious disease: When enough is enough (2007) Health Care Management Science, 10 (4), pp. 341-355; Bebinger, M., What would contact tracing for coronavirus look like? (2020) WBUR, National Public Radio, , https://www.npr.org/2020/04/11/832360497/what-would-contact-tracing-for-coronavirus-look-like, April, 11, Retrieved from; Bi, Q., Wu, Y., Mei, S., Ye, S., Zou, X., Zhang, Z., Feng, T., Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: A retrospective cohort study (2020) The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20 (8), pp. 911-919. , Online first, …; Braveman, P.A., Kumanyika, S., Fielding, J., LaVeist, T., Borrell, L.N., Manderscheid, R., Troutman, A., Health disparities and health equity: The issue is justice (2011) American Journal of Public Health, 101S1, pp. S149-S155; Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; (2020) Contact tracing: Part of a multipronged approach to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/php/principles-contact-tracing-booklet.pdf, Retrieved from; (2017) Racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes prevalence, self-management, and health outcomes among medicare beneficiaries, , https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/OMH/Downloads/March-2017-Data-Highlight.pdf, Retrieved from; Clarke, A.R., Goddu, A.P., Nocon, R.S., Stock, N.W., Chyr, L.C., Akuoko, J.A., Chin, M.H., Thirty years of disparities intervention research: What are we doing to close racial and ethnic gaps in health care? (2013) Medical Care, 51 (11), pp. 1020-1026; (2015) Educational policy and accreditation standards, , https://www.cswe.org/getattachment/Accreditation/Accreditation-Process/2015-EPAS/2015EPAS_Web_FINAL.pdf.aspx, Retrieved from; Danquah, L.O., Hasham, N., MacFarlane, M., Conteh, F.E., Momoh, F., Tedesco, A.A., Weiss, H.A., Use of a mobile application for Ebola contact tracing and monitoring in northern Sierra Leone: A proof-of-concept study (2019) BMC Infectious Diseases, 19 (1), p. 810. , …; Dara, M., Sotgiu, G., Reichler, M.R., Chiang, C.-Y., Chee, C.B.E., Migliori, G.B., New diseases and old threats: Lessons from tuberculosis for the COVID-19 response (2020) The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 24 (5), pp. 544-545; Enanoria, W.T.A., Liu, F., Zipprich, J., Harriman, K., Ackley, S., Blumberg, S., Porco, T.C., The effect of contact investigations and public health interventions in the control and prevention of measles transmission: A simulation study (2016) PloS One, 11 (12). , …; Fenner, F., Henderson, D.A., Arita, I., Jezek, Z., Ladnyi, I.D., (1988) Smallpox and its eradication, , https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/39485, Retrieved from; Galea, S., Merchant, R., Lurie, N., The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and physical distancing: The need for prevention and early intervention (2020) JAMA Internal Medicine, 180 (6), p. 817. , Published online April10, 2020; Gopinath, G., The great lockdown: Worst economic downturn since the great depression (2020) International Monetary Fund Blog, , https://blogs.imf.org/2020/04/14/the-great-lockdown-worst-economic-downturn-since-the-great-depression/, April, 14, Retrieved from; Hanrahan, C.F., Nonyane, B.A.S., Mmolawa, L., West, N.S., Siwelana, T., Lebina, L., Dowdy, D.W., Contact tracing versus facility-based screening for active TB case finding in rural South Africa: A pragmatic cluster-randomized trial (Kharitode TB) (2019) PLoS Medicine, 16 (4), p. e1002796. , …; Hawkins, D., (2020) The coronavirus burden is falling heavily on black Americans, , https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/apr/16/black-workers-coronavirus-covid-19, Why? The Guardian, Retrieved from; People, H., (2020) Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, , https://www.healthypeople.gov/, Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of, Retrieved from; Henderson, E., Buchanan, C., Caban, J., Wright-Woolcock, S., Whitehead, M., Robinson, E., Sullivan Meer, J., Enhancing social support services among tuberculosis patients in New York City through a collaborative pilot project (2020) National TB Controllers Association Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, , May, …; Honan, K., Chapman, B., NYPD data shows racial disparities in social- distancing enforcement (2020) The Wall Street Journal, , https://www.wsj.com/articles/nypd-data-shows-racial-disparities-in-social-distancing-enforcement-11588964081, May, 23, Retrieved from; Inglesby, I., Public health measures and the reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Journal of the American Medical Association, 323 (21), p. 2186. , Published online May1, 2020; Ivanova, I., More than 4 million Americans file for jobless aid, bringing pandemic total above 40 million (2020) CBS News, , https://www.cbsnews.com/news/4-million-file-unemployment-jobless-claims/, May, 21, Retrieved from; (2020) Coronavirus resource center, , https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, May, 25, Retrieved from; (2020) COVID-19 contact tracing, , https://www.coursera.org/learn/covid-19-contact-tracing?edocomorp=covid-19-contact-tracing, Retrieved from; Katz, M., (2020) New York City Council hearing: NYC’s plan for COVID-19 testing and contact tracing, , https://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/new-york-city-council-hearing-nycs-plan-for-covid-19-testing-and-contact-tracing/, May, 15, Retrieved from; Keeling, M., Hollingsworth, T.D., Read, J., The efficacy of contact tracing for the containment of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) medRxiv, , preprint; Kerson, T.S., McCoyd, J., In response to need: An analysis of social work roles over time (2013) Social Work, 58 (4), pp. 333-343; Lackland, D.T., Racial differences in hypertension: Implications for high blood pressure management (2014) The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 348 (2), pp. 135-138; Lishman, J., (1994) Communication in social work, , London, UK: Macmillan International Higher Education. Red Globe Press; Luce, K., Virus is twice as deadly for Black and Latino people than whites in NYC (2020) The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/08/nyregion/coronavirus-race-deaths.html, April, 8, Retrieved from; Macaraig, M., Burzynski, J., Varma, J.K., Tuberculosis control in New York City—A changing landscape (2014) New England Journal of Medicine, 370 (25), pp. 2362-2365; Marais, B.J., Sorrell, T.C., Pathways to COVID-19 ‘community protection’ (2020) International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 96, pp. 496-499. , Advance online publication; (2017) Diversity Committee Meeting Proceedings, , http://web.mta.info/mta/news/books/archive/170221_1415_Diversity.pdf, Retrieved from; Meyer, P.A., Yoon, P.W., Kaufmann, R.B., Introduction: CDC health disparities and inequalities report: United States (2013) Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, S62 (3), pp. 3-5; Miller, W.R., Rollnick, S., (2002) Motivational interviewing: Preparing people for change, , 2nd, New York, NY: The Guilford Press, &, ed; (2019) Integrating Social Care into the Delivery of Health Care: Moving Upstream to Improve the Nation’s Health, , Washington, DC: National Academies of Science Engineering and Medicine; (2017) NASW code of ethics, , https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English, Retrieved from; (2020) New York City ‘can’t afford to get this wrong’, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/10/opinion/coronavirus-contact-tracing-nyc.html, May, 10, Retrieved from; Page, K.V., Beyrer, M., Polk, C., Undocumented U.S. immigrants and Covid-19 (2020) New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (21), p. e62; Pan, A., Liu, L., Wang, C., Guo, H., Hao, X., Wang, Q., Wu, T., Associations of public health interventions with the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhuan China (2020) Journal of the American Medical Association, 323 (19), p. 1915. , Published online April10, 2020, …; Parodi, S.M., Liu, V.X., From containment to mitigation of COVID-19 in the US (2020) Journal of the American Medical Association, 323 (15), pp. 1441-1442; (2020) Massachusetts response: Community tracing collaborative, , https://www.pih.org/ma-response, Retrieved from; Pei, S., Kandula, S., Shaman, J., Differential effects of intervention timing on COVID-19 spread in the United States (2020) medRxiv Preprint; Reith Hall, E., (2019) Communication skills in health and social care, , 4th, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, ed; Reyes, C., Husain, N., Gutowski, C., St Clair, S., Pratt, G., (2020) Chicago’s coronavirus disparity: Black Chicagoans are dying at nearly six times the rate of white residents, data show, , https://www.chicagotribune.com/coronavirus/ct-coronavirus-chicago-coronavirus-deaths-demographics-lightfoot-20200406-77nlylhiavgjzb2wa4ckivh7mu-story.html, April, 7, Retrieved from; Ross, A., Zerden, L., Prevention, health promotion, and social work: Aligning health and human service systems through a workforce for health (2020) American Journal of Public Health, 110 (S2), pp. S186-S190. , Advance online publication; Russell, G., Karlin, F., Coronavirus disparity in Louisiana: About 70% of the victims are Black, but why? (2020) The Times-Picayune, , https://www.nola.com/news/coronavirus/article_d804d410-7852-11ea-ac6d-470ebb61c694.html, April, 6, Retrieved from; Ruth, B.J., Wachman, M.K., Marshall, J., Public health social work (2019) Handbook of health social work, pp. 93-118. , Gehlert S., Browne T., (eds), 3rd, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, &,. (Eds.), ed; Ruth, B.J., Marshall, J.M., A history of social work in public health (2017) American Journal of Public Health, 107 (S3), pp. S236-S242; Ruth, B.J., Wachman, M., Marshall, J.M., Backman, A., Harrington, C., Schultz, N., Ouimet, K., Health in all social work programs: Findings from a national analysis (2017) American Journal of Public Health, 107 (S3), pp. S267-S273; Schuetz, B., Mann, E., Everett, W., Educating health professionals collaboratively for team-based primary care (2010) Health Affairs, 29 (8), pp. 1476-1480; Scutchfield, F., Douglas, (2003) Principles of public health practice, , Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Learning, 0-76682843-3; Spencer, M., Gunter, K., Palmisano, G., Community health workers and their value to social work (2010) Social Work, 55 (2), pp. 169-180; Reviving the US CDC (2020) The Lancet, , Published online May16, 2020; A state-by-state look at coronavirus in prisons (2020) The Marshall Project, , https://www.themarshallproject.org/2020/05/01/a-state-by-state-look-at-coronavirus-in-prisons, Retrieved from; Thompson, D., What’s being South Korea’s COVID-19 exceptionalism? (2020) The Atlantic, , https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/whats-south-koreas-secret/611215/, May, 6, Retrieved from; Tomes, N., “Destroyer and Teacher”: Managing the masses during the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic (2010) Public Health Reports, 125, pp. 48-62; Torres, C., Schmidt, B., Buchanan, C., Chuck, C., Wright-Woolcock, S., Henderson, E., Sullivan Meer, J., Implementation of a social support intervention among tuberculosis patients living in communities in New York City: A pilot program (2019) American Public Health Association, Annual Program Meeting, , November2-6, 2019, Philadelphia PA:, …; Turnock, B.J., (2016) Public health: What it is and how it works, , 6th, Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett, ed; (2020) Bureau of Labor Statistics, , https://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.toc.htm, Retrieved from; Vass, A.A., (1996) Social work competences: Core knowledge, values and skills, , Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, (Ed; Velasquez, J., Choi, A., Aponte, C., Olumbhense, E., (2020) COVID sends public housing-zone residents to hospitals at unusually high rates, , https://thecity.nyc/2020/05/covid-hospital-case-rate-higher-in-areas-with-public-housing.html, May, 14, Retrieved from; Walensky, R.P., Del Rio, C., From mitigation to containment of the COVID-19 pandemic: Putting the SARS-CoV-2 genie back in the bottle (2020) Journal of the American Medical Association, 323 (19), pp. 1889-1890; Walter-McCabe, H., Coronavirus pandemic calls for an immediate social work response (2020) Social Work in Public Health, 2 (35), pp. 69-72; Walters, J., (2020) US states begin to reopen amid contact tracing programs scramble, , https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/16/us-states-begin-reopening-contact-tracing-programs-scramble, May, 16, Retrieved from; Woolf, S.H., Braveman, P., Where health disparities begin: The role of social and economic determinants—and why current policies may make matters worse (2011) Health Affairs, 30 (10), pp. 1852-1859; Yancy, C.W., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) Journal of the American Medical Association, 323 (19), pp. 1891-1892; Zelnick, J.R., O’Donnell, M.R., Ahuja, S.D., Chua, A., Sullivan Meer, J., Health care provider perspectives on tuberculosis care for foreign-born populations in New York City (2016) International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 20 (12), pp. 1625-1632; Zerden, L.D., Lombardi, B.M., Fraser, M.W., Jones, A., Rico, Y.G., Social work: Integral to interprofessional education and integrated practice (2018) Journal of Interprofessional Education & Practice, 10, pp. 67-75 PY - 2020 SN - 19371918 (ISSN) SP - 533-545 ST - Contact Tracing: An Opportunity for Social Work to Lead T2 - Social Work in Public Health TI - Contact Tracing: An Opportunity for Social Work to Lead UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089455021&doi=10.1080%2f19371918.2020.1806170&partnerID=40&md5=3b662538282385ee37dbaf99b932dab3 VL - 35 ID - 390 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background After claiming nearly five hundred thousand lives globally, the COVID-19 pandemic is showing no signs of slowing down. While the UK, USA, Brazil and parts of Asia are bracing themselves for the second wave—or the extension of the first wave—it is imperative to identify the primary social, economic, environmental, demographic, ethnic, cultural and health factors contributing towards COVID-19 infection and mortality numbers to facilitate mitigation and control measures. Methods We process several open-access datasets on US states to create an integrated dataset of potential factors leading to the pandemic spread. We then apply several supervised machine learning approaches to reach a consensus as well as rank the key factors. We carry out regression analysis to pinpoint the key pre-lockdown factors that affect post-lockdown infection and mortality, informing future lockdown-related policy making. Findings Population density, testing numbers and airport traffic emerge as the most discriminatory factors, followed by higher age groups (above 40 and specifically 60+). Post-lockdown infected and death rates are highly influenced by their pre-lockdown counterparts, followed by population density and airport traffic. While healthcare index seems uncorrelated with mortality rate, principal component analysis on the key features show two groups: states (1) forming early epicenters and (2) experiencing strong second wave or peaking late in rate of infection and death. Finally, a small case study on New York City shows that days-to-peak for infection of neighboring boroughs correlate better with inter-zone mobility than the inter-zone distance. Interpretation States forming the early hotspots are regions with high airport or road traffic resulting in human interaction. US states with high population density and testing tend to exhibit consistently high infected and death numbers. Mortality rate seems to be driven by individual physiology, preexisting condition, age etc., rather than gender, healthcare facility or ethnic predisposition. Finally, policymaking on the timing of lockdowns should primarily consider the pre-lockdown infected numbers along with population density and airport traffic. Copyright: © 2020 Roy, Ghosh. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. AD - Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States AU - Roy, S. AU - Ghosh, P. C2 - 33095811 C7 - e0241165 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0241165 IS - 10 J2 - PLoS ONE KW - adult Article consensus coronavirus disease 2019 correlational study demography economic aspect ethnicity groups by age health care access health care policy human infection control machine learning management mortality rate New York pandemic personal experience population density social aspect adolescent age aged Betacoronavirus child Coronavirus infection female human relation infant male middle aged mortality newborn preschool child procedures quarantine supervised machine learning time factor travel United States very elderly virology virus pneumonia young adult Age Factors Aged, 80 and over Child, Preschool Coronavirus Infections Humans Infant, Newborn Interpersonal Relations Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Policy Making Time Factors LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: POLNC Correspondence Address: Roy, S.; Department of Genetics, United States; email: satyakir@unc.edu Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF, CBET-1802588 Funding text 1: This work is partially supported by National Science Foundation (CBET-1802588). References: (2020) Coronavirus: what have been the worst pandemics and epidemics in history?, , https://en.as.com/en/2020/04/18/other_sports/1587167182_422066.html; (2020) Coronavirus world map: which countries have the most cases and deaths?, , https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/sep/02/covid-19-world-map-which-countries-have-the-most-coronavirus-cases-anddeaths; Adhikari, S., Meng, S., Wu, Y., Mao, Y., Ye, R., Wang, Q., Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (covid-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review (2020) Infectious diseases of poverty, 9 (1), pp. 1-12. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x; Khan, N., Naushad, M., Fahad, S., Faisal, S., Muhammad, A., Covid-2019 and world economy (2020), COVID-2019 AND WORLD ECONOMY; Baker, S., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J, Terry, S., (2020) Covid-induced economic uncertainty, , Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research; Edwards, E., (2020) NBC News. Is this the second wave of covid-19 in the u.s.? or are we still in the first?, , www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/second-wave-covid-19-u-s-or-are-we-still-n1231087; Anderson, R., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., Hollingsworth, T., How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the covid-19 epidemic? (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10228), pp. 931-934. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30567-5; Raghav, K., (2020) The Guardian. In beijing it looked like coronavirus was gone. now we’re living with a second wave, , https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/21/beijing-coronavirus-second-wavevirus-china; (2020) Daily covid-19 cases in india continue to soar, japan’s tokyo in fears of 2nd wave of infections, , http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-06/14/c_139138326.htm, Xinhuanet; (2020) A fiasco in the making? as the coronavirus pandemic takes hold, we are making decisions without reliable data, , https://www.statnews.com/2020/03/17/; (2020) 10 reasons to doubt the covid-19 data, , https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-04-13/tenreasons-to-doubt-the-covid-19-data; (2020) Coronavirus: It’s time to get real about the misleading data, , https://thehill.com/opinion/technology/490541-coronavirus-its-time-to-get-real-about-the-misleading-data; Liu, W., Tao, Z., Wang, L., Yuan, M., Liu, K., Zhou, L., Analysis of factors associated with disease outcomes in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (2020) Science in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease; (2020) Factors affecting covid-19 transmission, , https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/factorsaffecting-covid19-transmission, US Pharmacist; Guo, Y., Cao, Q., Hong, Z., The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak–an update on the status (2020) Military Medical Research, 7 (1), pp. 1-10. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-00240-0; Wynants, L., Van Calster, B., Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19 infection: systematic review and critical appraisal BMJ, 369, p. 2020. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1328, PMID: 32265220; Alimadadi, A., Aryal, S., (2020) Artificial intelligence and machine learning to fight COVID-19, , American Physiological Society Bethesda, MD; Randhawa, G., Soltysiak, M., El Roz, H., Machine learning using intrinsic genomic signatures for rapid classification of novel pathogens: COVID-19 case study (2020) PLOS One, 15 (4), p. e0232391. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232391, PMID: 32330208; Barstugan, M., Ozkaya, U., Ozturk, S., (2020) Coronavirus (covid-19) classification using ct images by machine learning methods, , arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.09424; Holmdahl, I., Buckee, C., Wrong but useful—what covid-19 epidemiologic models can and cannot tell us (2020) New England Journal of Medicine, Mass Medical Soc, , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2016822; Wang, P., Xinqi, X., Prediction of epidemic trends in COVID-19 with logistic model and machine learning technics (2020) Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110058; Yang, Z., Zeng, Z., Zhiqi, Modified SEIR and AI prediction of the epidemics trend of COVID-19 in China under public health interventions (2020) Journal of Thoracic Disease, 12 (3), p. 165. , https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2020.02.64, PMID: 32274081; Golestaneh, L., Neugarten, J., The association of race and COVID-19 mortality (2020) EClinicalMedicine, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100455, 100455, PMID: 32838233; Myers, L., Parodi, S., Characteristics of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 in an integrated health care system in California (2020) JAMA, 323 (21), pp. 2195-2198. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.7202, PMID: 32329797; Zoabi, Y., Shomron, N., COVID-19 diagnosis prediction by symptoms of tested individuals: a machine learning approach (2020) medRxiv; Khan, H., Hossain, A., (2020) Countries are Clustered but Number of Tests is not Vital to Predict Global COVID-19 Confirmed Cases: A Machine Learning Approach, , medRxiv; Sarfraz, A., Sarfraz, Z., Randomized placebo-controlled trials of remdesivir in severe COVID-19 patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2020) medRxiv; (2020) COVID-19 Testing Overview, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/testing/diagnostic-testing.html, Center for Disease Control and Prevention; (2020) U.S. International Air Passenger and Freight Statistics Report, , https://www.transportation.gov/policy/aviation-policy/us-international-air-passenger-and-freightstatistics-report, US Department of Transportation; Varoquaux, G., Pedregosa, F., Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python (2011) Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12, pp. 2825-2830; (2020) Gross domestic product, , https://worldpopulationreview.com/states/gdp-bystate/, World Population Review; (2020) List of geographic centers of the united states, , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geographic_centers_of_the_United_States#Updated_list, Wikipedia; (2017) Population distribution by gender, , https://www:kff:org/other/state-indicator/distribution-by-gender/?currentTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22;%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D, KFF; (2018) Population distribution by race/ethnicity, , https://www:kff:org/other/state-indicator/distribution-byraceethnicity/?dataView=0¤tTimeframe=0&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22;%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D, KFF; (2018) Health care quality: How does your state compare?, , https://www.ahrq.gov/data/infographics/state-compare-text.html, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Exchange, Hud, (2013), https://www.hudexchange.info/resource/3300/2013-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness/, 2013 ahar: Part 1—pit estimates of homelessness in the u.s; (2020) Cdc covid data tracker, , https://www.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#testing, United States Laboratory Testing; (2020) Covid-19 cases, , https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/us/, Worldometer; (2020) Covid19 us lockdown dates dataset, , https://www.kaggle.com/lin0li/us-lockdown-dates-dataset, Kaggle; (2019) State population by characteristics: 2010-2019, , https://www.census.gov/data/datasets/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-state-detail.html, United States Census; (2019) List of the busiest airports in the united states, , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports_in_the_United_States, Wikipedia; (2020) Previous u.s. viral testing data, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/previous-testing-in-us.html, Center for Disease Control and Prevention; (2013) Traffic volume counts (2012-2013), , https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Transportation/Traffic-Volume-Counts-2012-2013-/p424-amsu, NYCOpenData; (2020) Nyc-covid19 borough level breakdown), , https://data.beta.nyc/pages/nyc-covid19, data.BetaNYC; (2020) The COVID Tracking Project), , https://covidtracking.com/data/national, US Historical Data; (2019) Scikit-learn—preprocessing -kbinsdiscretizer, , https://scikitlearn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.KBinsDiscretizer.html, Scikit learn developers (BSD License); Kotsiantis, S.B., Zaharakis, I.D., Pintelas, P.E., Machine learning: a review of classification and combining techniques (2006) Artificial Intelligence Review, 26 (3), pp. 159-190. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-007-9052-3; (2011) Support vector machine, , https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.svm.SVC.html, Scikit learn developers (BSD License); (2011) Stochastic gradient descent, , https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.SGDClassifier.html, Scikit learn developers (BSD License); (2011) Nearest centroid, , https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.neighbors.NearestCentroid.html, Scikit learn developers (BSD License); (2011) Decision trees, , https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeClassifier.html, Scikit learn developers (BSD License); (2011) Naive bayes, , https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.naive_bayes.GaussianNB.html, Scikit learn developers (BSD License); (2011) Extra trees, , https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.ExtraTreesClassifier.html, Scikit learn developers (BSD License); (2011) Multiple linear regression, , https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LinearRegression.html, Scikit learn developers (BSD License); Pradhan, A., Support vector machine-a survey (2012) International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 2 (8), pp. 82-85; Plagianakos, V., Magoulas, G., Stochastic gradient descent. Advances in Convex Analysis and Global Optimization: Honoring the Memory of C (2013) Caratheodory (1873–1950), 54, p. 433. , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0279-7_27; Ruder, S., (2016) An overview of gradient descent optimization algorithms, , arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.04747; Gou, J., Yi, Z., Du, L., Xiong, T., A local mean-based k-nearest centroid neighbor classifier (2012) The Computer Journal, 55 (9), pp. 1058-1071; Quinlan, J., Simplifying decision trees (1987) International journal of man-machine studies, 27 (3), pp. 221-234. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373(87)80053-6; Rish, I., An empirical study of the naive bayes classifier (2001) IJCAI 2001 workshop on empirical methods in artificial intelligence, 3, pp. 41-46; Pedregosa, F., Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, A., Michel, V., Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python (2011) Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12, pp. 2825-2830; Paper, D., Scikit-learn classifier tuning from complex training sets (2020) Hands-on Scikit-Learn for Machine Learning Applications: Data Science Fundamentals with Python, pp. 165-188; (2020) COVID-19 Testing: Understanding the “Percent Positive, , https://www.jhsph.edu/covid-19/articles/covid-19-testing-understanding-the-percent-positive.html, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; (2020) Washington state reports 455 new covid-19 cases, 5 deaths, , https://www.thenewstribune.com/news/coronavirus/article243699352.html, The News Tribune; Chronicle, Houston, (2020) If trends persist, houston would become the worst affected city in the us, expert peter hotez says, , https://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Texas-seesweekend-surge-in-COVID-19-15356042.php; (2020) Dph reports almost 900 new cases of covid-19 in ga, , https://www.wtoc.com/2020/06/21/dph-reports-almost-new-cases-covid-ga-sunday/, WTOC. on sunday; Lush, Tamara, (2020) Hundreds test positive for covid-19 at tyson foods plant in arkansas, , https://www.boston.com/news/coronavirus/2020/06/21/hundreds-test-positive-at-tyson-foods-plant-in-arkansas; Rose KDVR, A., (2020) COVID-19 cases rise as hospitalizations remain low in Colorado, , https://kdvr.com/news/local/covid-19-cases-rise-as-hospitalizations-remain-low-in-colorado/; Imlay, A., (2020) Deseret News. Utah confirms 394 new coronavirus cases; 3 more deaths on sunday, , https://www.deseret.com/utah/2020/6/21/21297766/ PY - 2020 SN - 19326203 (ISSN) ST - Factors affecting COVID-19 infected and death rates inform lockdown-related policymaking T2 - PLoS ONE TI - Factors affecting COVID-19 infected and death rates inform lockdown-related policymaking UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094611965&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0241165&partnerID=40&md5=00aeb7b2b7356582dee9dff374863cbd VL - 15 ID - 335 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Dr, CB 7512, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Associates in Radiation Medicine, Adventist HealthCare Radiation Oncology Center, Rockville, MD, United States AU - Royce, T. J. AU - Sanoff, H. K. AU - Rewari, A. C2 - 32672821 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.2684 32160451; Tuckson, R.V., Edmunds, M., Hodgkins, M.L., Telehealth (2017) N Engl J Med, 377 (16), pp. 1585-1592. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsr1503323, doi: 29045204; Waterhouse, D.M., Harvey, R.D., Hurley, P., Early impact of COVID-19 on the conduct of oncology clinical trials and long-term opportunities for transformation: Findings from an American Society of Clinical Oncology survey JCO Oncol Pract, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/OP.20.00275, Published online May 12, 2020. doi: 32396491 IS - 11 J2 - JAMA Oncol. KW - adverse outcome aging audiovisual recording cancer therapy clinical trial (topic) computer simulation consultation coronavirus disease 2019 demography diagnostic procedure doctor patient relationship economic security emergency care emergency ward endoscopy follow up health care delivery health care personnel health care quality health insurance high risk population home care hospitalization human image guided radiotherapy laboratory test Note nursing shortage pandemic patient assessment patient comfort patient safety patient-reported outcome physical examination protocol compliance public health service radiation oncologist radiological procedures reimbursement rural area social distancing telecommunication telemedicine therapy delay therapy effect treatment refusal United States videoconferencing LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :12 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Royce, T.J.; Department of Radiation Oncology, 101 Manning Dr, CB 7512, United States; email: trevor_royce@med.unc.edu PY - 2020 SN - 23742437 (ISSN) SP - 1698-1699 ST - Telemedicine for Cancer Care in the Time of COVID-19 T2 - JAMA Oncology TI - Telemedicine for Cancer Care in the Time of COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088477006&doi=10.1001%2fjamaoncol.2020.2684&partnerID=40&md5=f093d58fd8fb4dba55e1b6c55bc9aa47 VL - 6 ID - 562 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States AU - Rubinstein, S. M. AU - Warner, J. L. C2 - 32798474 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30252-0 IS - 10 J2 - Lancet Haematol. KW - ADP ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase 1 bone marrow suppression cancer diagnosis clinical practice coronavirus disease 2019 decision making follow up functional status health care system hematologic malignancy human infection risk intensive care unit mortality Note pandemic patient care priority journal risk factor Betacoronavirus cohort analysis Coronavirus infection hematologic disease Italy retrospective study virus pneumonia Cohort Studies Coronavirus Infections Hematologic Neoplasms Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Retrospective Studies Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 References: Passamonti, F., Cattaneo, C., Arcaini, L., Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study (2020) Lancet Haematol, , published online Aug 13; He, W., Chen, L., Chen, L., COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers (2020) Leukemia, , published online April 24; Zhang, L., Zhu, F., Xie, L., Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China (2020) Ann Oncol, , published online March 26; Dai, M.-Y., Liu, D., Liu, M., Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: a multi-center study during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Cancer Discov, 10, pp. 783-791; Williamson, E.J., Walker, A.J., Bhaskaran, K., OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19 death in 17 million patients (2020) Nature, , published online July 8; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1061-1069; Schrag, D., Hershman, D.L., Basch, E., Oncology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2005-2006; Kuderer, N.M., Choueiri, T.K., Shah, D.P., Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1907-1918; Lyman, G.H., Abella, E., Pettengell, R., Risk factors for febrile neutropenia among patients with cancer receiving chemotherapy: a systematic review (2014) Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 90, pp. 190-199; Casneuf, T., Xu, X.S., Adams, H.C., Effects of daratumumab on natural killer cells and impact on clinical outcomes in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (2017) Blood Adv, 1, pp. 2105-2114 PY - 2020 SN - 23523026 (ISSN) SP - e701-e703 ST - COVID-19 and haematological malignancy: navigating a narrow strait T2 - The Lancet Haematology TI - COVID-19 and haematological malignancy: navigating a narrow strait UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089824374&doi=10.1016%2fS2352-3026%2820%2930252-0&partnerID=40&md5=23ba57e9927751e5366dbb0f8688a419 VL - 7 ID - 350 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Limited knowledge is available on the relationship between antigen-specific immune responses and COVID-19 disease severity. We completed a combined examination of all three branches of adaptive immunity at the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in acute and convalescent subjects. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were each associated with milder disease. Coordinated SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune responses were associated with milder disease, suggesting roles for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in protective immunity in COVID-19. Notably, coordination of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific responses was disrupted in individuals ≥ 65 years old. Scarcity of naive T cells was also associated with aging and poor disease outcomes. A parsimonious explanation is that coordinated CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and antibody responses are protective, but uncoordinated responses frequently fail to control disease, with a connection between aging and impaired adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. © 2020 The Author(s) Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immune responses during acute COVID-19 identifies coordination between SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells to limit disease severity. Aged individuals often exhibit uncoordinated adaptive responses, potentially tied to scarcity of naive T cells, highlighting immunologic risk factors linked to disease severity. © 2020 The Author(s) AD - Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, United States Flow Cytometry Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, United States Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Public Health, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Rydyznski Moderbacher, C. AU - Ramirez, S. I. AU - Dan, J. M. AU - Grifoni, A. AU - Hastie, K. M. AU - Weiskopf, D. AU - Belanger, S. AU - Abbott, R. K. AU - Kim, C. AU - Choi, J. AU - Kato, Y. AU - Crotty, E. G. AU - Kim, C. AU - Rawlings, S. A. AU - Mateus, J. AU - Tse, L. P. V. AU - Frazier, A. AU - Baric, R. AU - Peters, B. AU - Greenbaum, J. AU - Ollmann Saphire, E. AU - Smith, D. M. AU - Sette, A. AU - Crotty, S. C2 - 33010815 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.038 IS - 4 J2 - Cell KW - adaptive immunity antibody CD4 CD8 coronavirus CXCL10 epitopes IP-10 neutralizing antibodies Spike T cells neutralizing antibody cytokine virus antibody virus antigen acute disease adult aged aging antibody response antigen specificity Article CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte clinical article controlled study convalescence coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity female human human cell male nonhuman priority journal prognosis risk factor Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Betacoronavirus blood Coronavirus infection cytology immunology isolation and purification metabolism middle aged pandemic pathology severity of illness index very elderly virology virus pneumonia young adult Aged, 80 and over Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Antigens, Viral CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Coronavirus Infections Cytokines Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :107 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CELLB Correspondence Address: Sette, A.; Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, United States; email: alex@lji.org Correspondence Address: Crotty, S.; Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, United States; email: shane@lji.org Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Antigens, Viral; Cytokines Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 75N9301900065, AI100625, U19 AI118626 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, AI135078, AI142742, AI145762 Funding details: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, BMGF Funding details: Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS) Funding details: University of California, San Diego, UCSD, AI007036, AI007384, INV-006133 Funding details: Wellcome Trust, WT Funding details: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Funding text 1: We would like to express our deepest thanks to the study subjects and their families for their participation and their altruistic desires to forward our scientific understanding of COVID-19 and other diseases. This study would not be possible without their generous donations. We would also like to thank LJI flow cytometry core facility, specifically Denise Hinz, for outstanding expertise, and the LJI clinical core, specifically Gina Levi RN and Brittany Schwan, for healthy donor enrollment and sample procurement. This work was funded by the NIH NIAID, United States, under awards AI142742 (Cooperative Centers for Human Immunology) (A.S. and S.C.), NIH contract Nr. 75N9301900065 (D.W. and A.S.), NIH NIAID AI100625 (R.B.), and U19 AI118626 (A.S. and B.P.). The BD FACSymphony S6 purchase was partially funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, United States, (S.C.) and LJI Institutional Funds (S.C. and A.S.). This work was additionally supported in part by the Johnathan and Mary Tu Foundation (D.M.S.); the NIAID under K08 award AI135078 (J.M.D.), K99 award AI145762 (R.K.A.), UCSD T32s AI007036, and AI007384 Infectious Diseases Division (S.I.R. and S.A.R.); and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, United States, INV-006133 from the Therapeutics Accelerator, also supported by Mastercard, Wellcome, and private philanthropic contributions (K.H. E.O.S. B.P. and S.C.). J.M. was supported by PhD student fellowships from the Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnolog?a e Innovaci?n (COLCIENCIAS) and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia (Convocatoria 727 Doctorados Nacionales). Conceptualization, A.S. and S.C.; Investigation, C.R.M. S.I.R. J.M.D. A.G. K.M.H. S.B. R.K.A. Christina Kim, J.C. Y.K. Cheryl Kim, J.M. and L.P.V.T.; Formal Analysis, C.R.M. S.I.R. J.M.D. E.G.C. B.P. J.G. and S.C.; Patient Recruitment and Samples, S.I.R. D.W. A.F. S.A.R. D.M.S.; Material Resources, R.B. E.O.S. A.S. and S.C.; Data Curation, C.R.M. S.I.R. J.A.G. E.G.C. and B.P.; Writing, C.R.M. S.I.R. J.M.D. A.S. and S.C.; Supervision, S.C. Project Administration, A.F.; Funding Acquisition, J.M.D. S.I.R. R.K.A. D.W. J.M. D.M.S. B.P. S.A.R. R.B. E.O.S. A.S. and S.C. A.S. is a consultant for Gritstone, Flow Pharma, and Avalia. S.C. is a consultant for Avalia. Funding text 2: We would like to express our deepest thanks to the study subjects and their families for their participation and their altruistic desires to forward our scientific understanding of COVID-19 and other diseases. This study would not be possible without their generous donations. We would also like to thank LJI flow cytometry core facility, specifically Denise Hinz, for outstanding expertise, and the LJI clinical core, specifically Gina Levi RN and Brittany Schwan, for healthy donor enrollment and sample procurement. This work was funded by the NIH NIAID , United States, under awards AI142742 (Cooperative Centers for Human Immunology) (A.S. and S.C.), NIH contract Nr. 75N9301900065 (D.W. and A.S.), NIH NIAID AI100625 (R.B.), and U19 AI118626 (A.S. and B.P.). The BD FACSymphony S6 purchase was partially funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation , United States, (S.C.) and LJI Institutional Funds (S.C. and A.S.). This work was additionally supported in part by the Johnathan and Mary Tu Foundation (D.M.S.); the NIAID under K08 award AI135078 (J.M.D.), K99 award AI145762 (R.K.A.), UCSD T32s AI007036 , and AI007384 Infectious Diseases Division (S.I.R. and S.A.R.); and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, United States, INV-006133 from the Therapeutics Accelerator, also supported by Mastercard, Wellcome, and private philanthropic contributions (K.H., E.O.S., B.P., and S.C.). J.M. was supported by PhD student fellowships from the Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia , Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS) and Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Colombia (Convocatoria 727 Doctorados Nacionales). References: Amanat, F., Krammer, F., SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: Status Report (2020) Immunity, 52, pp. 583-589; Amanna, I.J., Slifka, M.K., Crotty, S., Immunity and immunological memory following smallpox vaccination (2006) Immunol. Rev., 211, pp. 320-337; Beigel, J.H., Tomashek, K.M., Dodd, L.E., Mehta, A.K., Zingman, B.S., Kalil, A.C., Hohmann, E., Kline, S., Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Preliminary Report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med.; Blanco-Melo, D., Nilsson-Payant, B.E., Liu, W.-C., Uhl, S., Hoagland, D., Møller, R., Jordan, T.X., Sachs, D., Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19 (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1036-1045.e9; Braun, J., Loyal, L., Frentsch, M., Wendisch, D., Georg, P., Kurth, F., Hippenstiel, S., Fauchere, F., SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in healthy donors and patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nature; Briceño, O., Lissina, A., Wanke, K., Afonso, G., von Braun, A., Ragon, K., Miquel, T., Stiasny, K., Reduced naïve CD8(+) T-cell priming efficacy in elderly adults (2016) Aging Cell, 15, pp. 14-21; Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A.J., McMahan, K., Mercado, N.B., Peter, L., Tostanoski, L.H., Nekorchuk, M., SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 4776. , eabc4776; Chang, J.T., Wherry, E.J., Goldrath, A.W., Molecular regulation of effector and memory T cell differentiation (2014) Nat. Immunol., 15, pp. 1104-1115; Chen, J., Lau, Y.F., Lamirande, E.W., Paddock, C.D., Bartlett, J.H., Zaki, S.R., Subbarao, K., Cellular immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection in senescent BALB/c mice: CD4+ T cells are important in control of SARS-CoV infection (2010) J. Virol., 84, pp. 1289-1301; Chen, G., Wu, D., Guo, W., Cao, Y., Huang, D., Wang, H., Wang, T., Yu, H., Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J. Clin. Invest., 130, pp. 2620-2629; Corbett, K.S., Flynn, B., Foulds, K.E., Francica, J.R., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Werner, A.P., Flach, B., Minai, M., Evaluation of the mRNA-1273 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in Nonhuman Primates (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., pp. 1-12; Corey, L., Mascola, J.R., Fauci, A.S., Collins, F.S., A strategic approach to COVID-19 vaccine R&D (2020) Science, 368, pp. 948-950; Crotty, S., T Follicular Helper Cell Biology: A Decade of Discovery and Diseases (2019) Immunity, 50, pp. 1132-1148; Del Valle, D.M., Kim-Schulze, S., Huang, H.-H., Beckmann, N.D., Nirenberg, S., Wang, B., Lavin, Y., Stock, A., An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival (2020) Nat. Med., pp. 1-8; Docherty, A.B., Harrison, E.M., Green, C.A., Hardwick, H.E., Pius, R., Norman, L., Holden, K.A., Carson, G., Features of 20c133 UK patients in hospital with covid-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol: prospective observational cohort study (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1985; Folegatti, P.M., Ewer, K.J., Aley, P.K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Clutterbuck, E.A., Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 467-478; Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Wang, L., Xu, K., Yang, M., Li, Y., Lv, Z., Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 369, pp. 77-81; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J., Netea, M.G., Rovina, N., Akinosoglou, K., Antoniadou, A., Antonakos, N., Damoraki, G., Katsaounou, P., Complex Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Patients with Severe Respiratory Failure (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 992-1000.e3; Grasselli, G., Zangrillo, A., Zanella, A., Antonelli, M., Cabrini, L., Castelli, A., Cereda, D., Fumagalli, R., Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1574-1581; Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S.I., Mateus, J., Dan, J.M., Moderbacher, C.R., Rawlings, S.A., Jadi, R.S., Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1489-1501.e15; Grifoni, A., Sidney, J., Zhang, Y., Scheuermann, R.H., Peters, B., Sette, A., A Sequence Homology and Bioinformatic Approach Can Predict Candidate Targets for Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 671-680.e2; Hou, Y., Okuda, K., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Asakura, T., Dinnon, K.H., III, Kato, T., Mascenik, T.M., SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446; Jackson, L.A., Anderson, E.J., Rouphael, N.G., Roberts, P.C., Makhene, M., Coler, R.N., McCullough, M.P., Stevens, L.J., An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med.; Ju, B., Zhang, Q., Ge, J., Wang, R., Sun, J., Ge, X., Yu, J., Song, S., Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 115-119; Juno, J.A., Tan, H.-X., Lee, W.S., Reynaldi, A., Kelly, H.G., Wragg, K., Esterbauer, R., Mordant, F.L., Humoral and circulating follicular helper T cell responses in recovered patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 1428-1434; Laing, A.G., Lorenc, A., Del Molino Del Barrio, I., Das, A., Fish, M., Monin, L., Muñoz-Ruiz, M., Francos-Quijorna, I., A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis (2020) Nat. Med.; Liao, M., Liu, Y., Yuan, J., Wen, Y., Xu, G., Zhao, J., Cheng, L., Wang, F., Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 842-844; Lucas, C., Wong, P., Klein, J., Castro, T.B.R., Silva, J., Sundaram, M., Ellingson, M.K., Israelow, B., Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 463-469; Masopust, D., Soerens, A.G., Tissue-Resident T Cells and Other Resident Leukocytes (2019) Annu. Rev. Immunol., 37, pp. 521-546; Mathew, D., Giles, J.R., Baxter, A.E., Greenplate, A.R., Wu, J.E., Alanio, C., Oldridge, D.A., D'Andrea, K., Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals patient heterogeneity and distinct immunotypes with implications for therapeutic interventions (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1-29; McKechnie, J.L., Blish, C.A., The Innate Immune System: Fighting on the Front Lines or Fanning the Flames of COVID-19? (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 863-869; Meckiff, B.J., Ramírez-Suástegui, C., Fajardo, V., Chee, S.J., Kusnadi, A., Simon, H., Grifoni, A., Sette, A., Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Reactive CD4 + T Cells (2020), SSRN Electron. J; Mercado, N.B., Zahn, R., Wegmann, F., Loos, C., Chandrashekar, A., Yu, J., Liu, J., Tostanoski, L.H., Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Nature; Morou, A., Brunet-Ratnasingham, E., Dubé, M., Charlebois, R., Mercier, E., Darko, S., Brassard, N., Gendron-Lepage, G., Altered differentiation is central to HIV-specific CD4+ T cell dysfunction in progressive disease (2019) Nat. Immunol., 20, pp. 1059-1070; Murphy, K., Weaver, C., Janeway's Immunobiology (2016), W. W. Norton & Company; Okba, N.M.A., Müller, M.A., Li, W., Wang, C., GeurtsvanKessel, C.H., Corman, V.M., Lamers, M.M., Chandler, F.D., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibody Responses in Coronavirus Disease Patients (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26, pp. 1478-1488; Ou, X., Liu, Y., Lei, X., Li, P., Mi, D., Ren, L., Guo, L., Hu, J., Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV (2020) Nat. Commun., 11, p. 1620; Piot, P., Larson, H.J., O'Brien, K.L., N'kengasong, J., Ng, E., Sow, S., Kampmann, B., Immunization: vital progress, unfinished agenda (2019) Nature, 575, pp. 119-129; Plotkin, S.A., Correlates of protection induced by vaccination (2010) Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 17, pp. 1055-1065; Plotkin, S.A., Orenstein, W., Offit, P.A., Edwards, K.M., Plotkin's Vaccines (2018), Elsevier; Premkumar, L., Segovia-Chumbez, B., Jadi, R., Martinez, D.R., Raut, R., Markmann, A., Cornaby, C., Park, Y., The receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein is an immunodominant and highly specific target of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients (2020) Sci. Immunol., 5, p. eabc8413; Qi, Q., Liu, Y., Cheng, Y., Glanville, J., Zhang, D., Lee, J.Y., Olshen, R.A., Goronzy, J.J., Diversity and clonal selection in the human T-cell repertoire (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. 13139-13144; Reiss, S., Baxter, A.E., Cirelli, K.M., Dan, J.M., Morou, A., Daigneault, A., Brassard, N., Havenar-Daughton, C., Comparative analysis of activation induced marker (AIM) assays for sensitive identification of antigen-specific CD4 T cells (2017) PLoS ONE, 12, p. e0186998; Remy, K.E., Mazer, M., Striker, D.A., Ellebedy, A.H., Walton, A.H., Unsinger, J., Blood, T.M., Mannion, D.A., Severe immunosuppression and not a cytokine storm characterize COVID-19 infections (2020) JCI Insight., 5, p. 140329; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Crawford, J.M., McGinn, T., Davidson, K.W., Barnaby, D.P., Cohen, S.L., Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2052-2059; Robbiani, D.F., Gaebler, C., Muecksch, F., Lorenzi, J.C.C., Wang, Z., Cho, A., Agudelo, M., Finkin, S., Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 437-442; Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Bestebroer, T., Lamers, M.M., Oude Munnink, B.B., de Meulder, D., Okba, N.M.A., Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1012-1015; Rogers, T.F., Zhao, F., Huang, D., Beutler, N., Burns, A., He, W.-T., Limbo, O., Woehl, J., Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model (2020) Science, 369, pp. 956-963; Sahin, U., Muik, A., Derhovanessian, E., Vogler, I., Kranz, L.M., Concurrent human antibody and T H 1 type T-cell responses elicited by a COVID-19 RNA vaccine (2020), MedRxiv; Salek-Ardakani, S., Moutaftsi, M., Crotty, S., Sette, A., Croft, M., OX40 drives protective vaccinia virus-specific CD8 T cells (2008) J. Immunol., 181, pp. 7969-7976; Sekine, T., Perez-Potti, A., Rivera-Ballesteros, O., Strålin, K., Gorin, J.-B., Olsson, A., Llewellyn-Lacey, S., Muschiol, S., Robust T cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 (2020) Cell; Subbarao, K., SARS-CoV-2: A New Song Recalls an Old Melody (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 692-694; Suthar, M.S., Zimmerman, M.G., Kauffman, R.C., Mantus, G., Linderman, S.L., Hudson, W.H., Vanderheiden, A., Adekunle, O., Rapid Generation of Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients (2020) Cell Rep Med, 1, p. 100040; Thanh Le, T., Andreadakis, Z., Kumar, A., Gómez Román, R., Tollefsen, S., Saville, M., Mayhew, S., The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape (2020) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 19, pp. 305-306; Vabret, N., Britton, G.J., Gruber, C., Hegde, S., Kim, J., Kuksin, M., Levantovsky, R., Park, M.D., Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science (2020) Immunity, 52, pp. 910-941; Wajnberg, A., Amanat, F., Firpo, A., Altman, D.R., Bailey, M.J., Mansour, M., McMahon, M., Muellers, K., SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust, neutralizing antibody responses that are stable for at least three months (2020), MedRxiv; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Xiong, Y., Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1061-1069; Wang, F., Nie, J., Wang, H., Zhao, Q., Xiong, Y., Deng, L., Song, S., Zhang, Y., Characteristics of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subset Alteration in COVID-19 Pneumonia (2020) J. Infect. Dis., 221, pp. 1762-1769; Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Huang, B., Deng, W., Quan, Y., Wang, W., Xu, W., Zhang, J., Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate, BBIBP-CorV, with potent protection against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 713-721.e9; Wei, T., Sikmo, V., R package “corrplot”: Visualization of a Correlation Matrix (Version 0.84) (2017), https://github.com/taiyun/corrplot; Weiskopf, D., Schmitz, K.S., Raadsen, M.P., Grifoni, A., Okba, N.M.A., Endeman, H., Akker, J.P.C.V.D., Gorp, E.C.M.V., Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Sci. Immunol., 5, p. eabd2071; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M.A., Niemeyer, D., Rothe, C., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Wu, F., Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis.; Yang, Y., Shen, C., Li, J., Yuan, J., Wei, J., Huang, F., Wang, F., Xing, L., Plasma IP-10 and MCP-3 levels are highly associated with disease severity and predict the progression of COVID-19 (2020) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 146, pp. 119-127.e4; Yu, J., Tostanoski, L.H., Peter, L., Mercado, N.B., McMahan, K., Mahrokhian, S.H., Nkolola, J.P., Chandrashekar, A., DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 806-811; Zhao, J., Zhao, J., Legge, K., Perlman, S., Age-related increases in PGD(2) expression impair respiratory DC migration, resulting in diminished T cell responses upon respiratory virus infection in mice (2011) J. Clin. Invest., 121, pp. 4921-4930; Zhao, J., Zhao, J., Mangalam, A.K., Channappanavar, R., Fett, C., Meyerholz, D.K., Agnihothram, S., Perlman, S., Airway Memory CD4(+) T Cells Mediate Protective Immunity against Emerging Respiratory Coronaviruses (2016) Immunity, 44, pp. 1379-1391; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Gu, X., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Zhou, R., To, K.K.-W., Wong, Y.-C., Liu, L., Zhou, B., Li, X., Huang, H., Lau, T.T.-K., Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impairs Dendritic Cell and T Cell Responses (2020) Immunity, , S1074-7613(20)30333-2; Zhu, J., Yamane, H., Paul, W.E., Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations (∗) (2010) Annu. Rev. Immunol., 28, pp. 445-489 PY - 2020 SN - 00928674 (ISSN) SP - 996-1012.e19 ST - Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity T2 - Cell TI - Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091892048&doi=10.1016%2fj.cell.2020.09.038&partnerID=40&md5=8665c6d470402e9cf6414e08f73289ee VL - 183 ID - 291 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The distal lung contains terminal bronchioles and alveoli that facilitate gas exchange. Three-dimensional in vitro human distal lung culture systems would strongly facilitate the investigation of pathologies such as interstitial lung disease, cancer and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here we describe the development of a long-term feeder-free, chemically defined culture system for distal lung progenitors as organoids derived from single adult human alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) or KRT5+ basal cells. AT2 organoids were able to differentiate into AT1 cells, and basal cell organoids developed lumens lined with differentiated club and ciliated cells. Single-cell analysis of KRT5+ cells in basal organoids revealed a distinct population of ITGA6+ITGB4+ mitotic cells, whose offspring further segregated into a TNFRSF12Ahi subfraction that comprised about ten per cent of KRT5+ basal cells. This subpopulation formed clusters within terminal bronchioles and exhibited enriched clonogenic organoid growth activity. We created distal lung organoids with apical-out polarity to present ACE2 on the exposed external surface, facilitating infection of AT2 and basal cultures with SARS-CoV-2 and identifying club cells as a target population. This long-term, feeder-free culture of human distal lung organoids, coupled with single-cell analysis, identifies functional heterogeneity among basal cells and establishes a facile in vitro organoid model of human distal lung infections, including COVID-19-associated pneumonia. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. AD - Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Division of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Stanford University School of Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, CA, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Stanford Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Division of Biomedical Data Science, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States AU - Salahudeen, A. A. AU - Choi, S. S. AU - Rustagi, A. AU - Zhu, J. AU - van Unen, V. AU - de la O, S. M. AU - Flynn, R. A. AU - Margalef-Català, M. AU - Santos, A. J. M. AU - Ju, J. AU - Batish, A. AU - Usui, T. AU - Zheng, G. X. Y. AU - Edwards, C. E. AU - Wagar, L. E. AU - Luca, V. AU - Anchang, B. AU - Nagendran, M. AU - Nguyen, K. AU - Hart, D. J. AU - Terry, J. M. AU - Belgrader, P. AU - Ziraldo, S. B. AU - Mikkelsen, T. S. AU - Harbury, P. B. AU - Glenn, J. S. AU - Garcia, K. C. AU - Davis, M. M. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Sabatti, C. AU - Amieva, M. R. AU - Blish, C. A. AU - Desai, T. J. AU - Kuo, C. J. C2 - 33238290 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41586-020-3014-1 IS - 7839 J2 - Nature KW - alpha6beta4 integrin angiotensin converting enzyme 2 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A alpha6 integrin beta4 integrin cytokeratin 5 ITGA6 protein, human ITGB4 protein, human KRT5 protein, human TNFRSF12A protein, human cancer cell infectious disease laboratory method pneumonia viral disease adult Article basal cell bronchiole cell differentiation cell function cell heterogeneity cell population cell subpopulation ciliated epithelium cell clonogenesis controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 disease association human human cell human tissue lung alveolus epithelium cell lung infection lung organoid lung parenchyma mitosis nonhuman organoid priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 single cell analysis stem cell stem cell culture tissue growth virus pneumonia biological model cell clone cell division cytology growth, development and aging in vitro study Influenza A virus (H1N1) lung metabolism pathology physiology tissue culture technique virology Coronavirus SARS coronavirus Alveolar Epithelial Cells Clone Cells COVID-19 Humans In Vitro Techniques Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype Integrin alpha6 Integrin beta4 Keratin-5 Models, Biological Organoids Pneumonia, Viral SARS-CoV-2 Single-Cell Analysis Tissue Culture Techniques TWEAK Receptor LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NATUA Correspondence Address: Kuo, C.J.; Division of Hematology, United States; email: cjkuo@stanford.edu Correspondence Address: Blish, C.A.; Division of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, United States; email: cblish@stanford.edu Correspondence Address: Desai, T.J.; Division of Pulmonary, United States; email: tdesai@stanford.edu Chemicals/CAS: alpha6 integrin, 337549-50-5; beta4 integrin, 337549-51-6; Integrin alpha6; Integrin beta4; ITGA6 protein, human; ITGB4 protein, human; Keratin-5; KRT5 protein, human; TNFRSF12A protein, human; TWEAK Receptor Funding details: 5R01HL14254902, DK11572802, K08DE027730, R01AI157155, R56AI111460, U01CA176299, U01CA217851, U01DE025188, U01DK085527, U19AI057229, U19AI116484 Funding details: 1712800 Funding details: 452181214 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, T32 AI007502-23 Funding details: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, HHMI, 1016687, DISC2-09637 Funding details: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, BMGF, OPP1113682 Funding details: Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation, DRCRF, DRG-2286-17 Funding details: California Institute of Regenerative Medicine, CIRM Funding details: Stanford Cancer Institute, SCI, T32 GM007365-44 Funding text 1: Acknowledgements We thank members of the Kuo and Desai laboratories for discussions; the Stanford Tissue Bank, J. Shrager, M. Berry and W. Trope for tissue acquisition; S. Plevritis for trajectory analysis; and the Stanford Stem Cell FACS Facility, P. Chu, A. McCormick, D. Mendoza, F. de la Vega and J. Zengel for technical expertise. SARS-Related Coronavirus 2, Isolate USA-WA1/2020, NR-52281 was deposited by the CDC and obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH. Fellowships supporting authors are as follows: A.A.S.: A.P. Giannini, ECOG-ACRIN, P. Carbone, Stanford Cancer Institute; S.S.C.: Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program grant T32 GM007365-44; J.Z.: Stanford Graduate Fellowship.; S.M.d.l.O.: CIRM Bridges. Funding support is as follows: A.R.: NIH grant T32 AI007502-23; R.A.F.: Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation (DRG-2286-17); V.v.U.: Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research Rubicon grant (452181214); C.S. and J.Z.: NSF DMS 1712800 and the Stanford Discovery Innovation Fund; K.C.G. and M.M.D.: Howard Hughes Medical Institute; C.A.B.: Burroughs Wellcome Fund Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Grant 1016687. This work was also supported by CIRM DISC2-09637 to C.J.K. and T.J.D.: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1113682 to C.J.K., M.R.A., and C.A.B.; Novo Nordisk Foundation Challenge Grant to M.R.A and M.M.-C.; Mathers Foundation Covid Fund to K.C.G.; and NIH grants K08DE027730 to A.A.S., U19AI057229 to M.M.D., R56AI111460 to J.S.G., 5R01HL14254902 to T.J.D., DK11572802 to C.J.K. and K.C.G., R01AI157155 to R.S.B., and U19AI116484, U01DK085527, U01CA217851, U01CA176299 and U01DE025188 to C.J.K.. C.A.B is the Tashia and John Morgridge Faculty Scholar and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Investigator. T.J.D. is the Woods Family Endowed Faculty Scholar in Pediatric Translational Medicine. C.J.K. is the Maureen Lyles D’Ambrogio Professor of Medicine. References: Hogan, B., Tata, P.R., Cellular organization and biology of the respiratory system (2019) Nat. Cell Biol., , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41556-019-0357-7; Rawlins, E.L., The role of Scgb1a1+ Clara cells in the long-term maintenance and repair of lung airway, but not alveolar, epithelium (2009) Cell Stem Cell, 4, pp. 525-534. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnt1GgtLY%3D, PID: 19497281; Kathiriya, J.J., Brumwell, A.N., Jackson, J.R., Tang, X., Chapman, H.A., Distinct airway epithelial stem cells hide among club cells but mobilize to promote alveolar regeneration (2020) Cell Stem Cell, 26, pp. 346-358.e4. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvVShs7Y%3D, PID: 31978363; Barkauskas, C.E., Type 2 alveolar cells are stem cells in adult lung (2013) J. Clin. Invest., 123, pp. 3025-3036. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFWjtrrE, PID: 3696553; Desai, T.J., Brownfield, D.G., Krasnow, M.A., Alveolar progenitor and stem cells in lung development, renewal and cancer (2014) Nature, 507, pp. 190-194. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXktV2ktrg%3D, PID: 24499815; Liu, Q., Lung regeneration by multipotent stem cells residing at the bronchioalveolar-duct junction (2019) Nat. Genet., 51, pp. 728-738. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXmsVylurg%3D, PID: 30778223; Vaughan, A.E., Lineage-negative progenitors mobilize to regenerate lung epithelium after major injury (2015) Nature, 517, pp. 621-625. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXht1Omsbo%3D, PID: 25533958; Zuo, W., p63+Krt5+ distal airway stem cells are essential for lung regeneration (2015) Nature, 517, pp. 616-620. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhvFGlt7nL, PID: 25383540; Juul, N.H., Stockman, C.A., Desai, T.J., Niche cells and signals that regulate lung alveolar stem cells in vivo Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., , https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a035717, (2020); Sucre, J.M.S., Successful establishment of primary type II alveolar epithelium with 3D organotypic coculture (2018) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 59, pp. 158-166. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhvFOktrzM, PID: 29625013; Zacharias, W.J., Regeneration of the lung alveolus by an evolutionarily conserved epithelial progenitor (2018) Nature, 555, pp. 251-255. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXjsFaitLs%3D, PID: 29489752; Nikolić, M.Z., Rawlins, E.L., Lung organoids and their use to study cell-cell interaction (2017) Curr. Pathobiol. Rep., 5, pp. 223-231. , PID: 28596933; Evans, K.V., Lee, J.H., Alveolar wars: The rise of in vitro models to understand human lung alveolar maintenance, regeneration, and disease (2020) Stem Cells Transl. Med., 9, pp. 867-881; Anchang, B., Visualization and cellular hierarchy inference of single-cell data using SPADE (2016) Nat. Protoc., 11, pp. 1264-1279. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XpsFClsb0%3D, PID: 27310265; Cao, J., The single-cell transcriptional landscape of mammalian organogenesis (2019) Nature, 566, pp. 496-502. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXnslOmtr4%3D, PID: 30787437; Nabhan, A.N., Brownfield, D.G., Harbury, P.B., Krasnow, M.A., Desai, T.J., Single-cell Wnt signaling niches maintain stemness of alveolar type 2 cells (2018) Science, 359, pp. 1118-1123. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXjvFGrsr4%3D, PID: 29420258; Rock, J.R., Basal cells as stem cells of the mouse trachea and human airway epithelium (2009) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 106, pp. 12771-12775. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtVKlt77N, PID: 19625615; Kajiji, S., Tamura, R.N., Quaranta, V., A novel integrin (alpha E beta 4) from human epithelial cells suggests a fourth family of integrin adhesion receptors (1989) EMBO J., 8, pp. 673-680. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXktVart78%3D, PID: 2542022; Stange, D.E., Differentiated Troy + chief cells act as reserve stem cells to generate all lineages of the stomach epithelium (2013) Cell, 155, pp. 357-368. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1SktLnL, PID: 24120136; Whitfield, M.L., George, L.K., Grant, G.D., Perou, C.M., Common markers of proliferation (2006) Nat. Rev. Cancer, 6, pp. 99-106. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1eit74%3D, PID: 16491069; Rock, J.R., Notch-dependent differentiation of adult airway basal stem cells (2011) Cell Stem Cell, 8, pp. 639-648. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXmslOqsbo%3D, PID: 21624809; Pardo-Saganta, A., Injury induces direct lineage segregation of functionally distinct airway basal stem/progenitor cell subpopulations (2015) Cell Stem Cell, 16, pp. 184-197. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhsVeisbY%3D, PID: 25658372; Quinton, P.M., Both ways at once: keeping small airways clean (2017) Physiology (Bethesda), 32, pp. 380-390; Zhou, J., Differentiated human airway organoids to assess infectivity of emerging influenza virus (2018) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 115, pp. 6822-6827. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhvFenu73I, PID: 29891677; Imai, M., Kawaoka, Y., The role of receptor binding specificity in interspecies transmission of influenza viruses (2012) Curr. Opin. Virol., 2, pp. 160-167. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xltl2rsLc%3D, PID: 22445963; Kumaki, Y., Day, C.W., Smee, D.F., Morrey, J.D., Barnard, D.L., In vitro and in vivo efficacy of fluorodeoxycytidine analogs against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, seasonal, and pandemic H1N1 virus infections (2011) Antiviral Res., 92, pp. 329-340. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlKku7rL, PID: 21925541; Zhu, N., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjslGmsrc%3D, PID: 7092803; Co, J.Y., Controlling epithelial polarity: A human enteroid model for host-pathogen interactions (2019) . Cell Rep., 26, pp. 2509-2520; Lamers, M.M., SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes (2020) Science, 369, pp. 50-54. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlCmt7jO, PID: 32358202; Hou, Y.J., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446; Dye, B.R., In vitro generation of human pluripotent stem cell derived lung organoids (2015) eLife, 4; Chen, Y.W., A three-dimensional model of human lung development and disease from pluripotent stem cells (2017) Nat. Cell Biol., 19, pp. 542-549. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXmslaqu70%3D, PID: 5777163; Jacob, A., Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into functional lung alveolar epithelial cells (2017) Cell Stem Cell, 21, pp. 472-488; Yamamoto, Y., Korogi, Y., Hirai, T., Gotoh, S., A method of generating alveolar organoids using human pluripotent stem cells (2020) Methods Cell Biol, 159, pp. 115-141; Montoro, D.T., A revised airway epithelial hierarchy includes CFTR-expressing ionocytes (2018) Nature, 560, pp. 319-324. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhsVensrjJ, PID: 30069044; Lukassen, S., SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells (2020) EMBO J, 39; Yan, K.S., Non-equivalence of Wnt and R-spondin ligands during Lgr5+ intestinal stem-cell self-renewal (2017) Nature, 545, pp. 238-242. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXntVKms7Y%3D, PID: 28467820; Van der Velden, J.L., Bertoncello, I., McQualter, J.L., LysoTracker is a marker of differentiated alveolar type II cells (2013) Respir. Res., 14, p. 123. , PID: 24215602; Chang, J., Gpr124 is essential for blood-brain barrier integrity in central nervous system disease (2017) Nat. Med., 23, pp. 450-460. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXkvFahtro%3D, PID: 28288111; Nagendran, M., Riordan, D.P., Harbury, P.B., Desai, T.J., Automated cell-type classification in intact tissues by single-cell molecular profiling (2018) eLife, 7. , PID: 29319504; Neal, J.T., Organoid modeling of the tumor immune microenvironment (2018) Cell 175, e16, pp. 1972-1988; Dobbs, L.G., Williams, M.C., Brandt, A.E., Changes in biochemical characteristics and pattern of lectin binding of alveolar type II cells with time in culture (1985) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 846, pp. 155-166. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL2MXlt1Srsb8%3D, PID: 3839418; van Lidth De Jeude, J.F., Vermeulen, J.L., Montenegro-Miranda, P.S., van Den Brinkheijmans, J., A protocol for lentiviral transduction and downstream analysis of intestinal organoids (2015) J. Vis. Exp., 98. , G. R; Manicassamy, B., Analysis of in vivo dynamics of influenza virus infection in mice using a GFP reporter virus (2010) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 107, pp. 11531-11536. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXot1eks74%3D, PID: 20534532; Karaca, G., TWEAK/Fn14 signaling is required for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice (2014) PLoS ONE, 9. , PID: 24416188 PY - 2020 SN - 00280836 (ISSN) SP - 670-675 ST - Progenitor identification and SARS-CoV-2 infection in human distal lung organoids T2 - Nature TI - Progenitor identification and SARS-CoV-2 infection in human distal lung organoids UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096616590&doi=10.1038%2fs41586-020-3014-1&partnerID=40&md5=301dc63644da46c10f595d005cef6450 VL - 588 ID - 236 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Gulf of Mexico (GoM) region is prone to disasters, including recurrent oil spills, hurricanes, floods, industrial accidents, harmful algal blooms, and the current COVID-19 pandemic. The GoM and other regions of the U.S. lack sufficient baseline health information to identify, attribute, mitigate, and facilitate prevention of major health effects of disasters. Developing capacity to assess adverse human health consequences of future disasters requires establishment of a comprehensive, sustained community health observing system, similar to the extensive and well-established environmental observing systems. We propose a system that combines six levels of health data domains, beginning with three existing, national surveys and studies plus three new nested, longitudinal cohort studies. The latter are the unique and most important parts of the system and are focused on the coastal regions of the five GoM States. A statistically representative sample of participants is proposed for the new cohort studies, stratified to ensure proportional inclusion of urban and rural populations and with additional recruitment as necessary to enroll participants from particularly vulnerable or under-represented groups. Secondary data sources such as syndromic surveillance systems, electronic health records, national community surveys, environmental exposure databases, social media, and remote sensing will inform and augment the collection of primary data. Primary data sources will include participant-provided information via questionnaires, clinical measures of mental and physical health, acquisition of biological specimens, and wearable health monitoring devices. A suite of biomarkers may be derived from biological specimens for use in health assessments, including calculation of allostatic load, a measure of cumulative stress. The framework also addresses data management and sharing, participant retention, and system governance. The observing system is designed to continue indefinitely to ensure that essential pre-, during-, and post-disaster health data are collected and maintained. It could also provide a model/vehicle for effective health observation related to infectious disease pandemics such as COVID-19. To our knowledge, there is no comprehensive, disaster-focused health observing system such as the one proposed here currently in existence or planned elsewhere. Significant strengths of the GoM Community Health Observing System (CHOS) are its longitudinal cohorts and ability to adapt rapidly as needs arise and new technologies develop. © Copyright © 2020 Sandifer, Knapp, Lichtveld, Manley, Abramson, Caffey, Cochran, Collier, Ebi, Engel, Farrington, Finucane, Hale, Halpern, Harville, Hart, Hswen, Kirkpatrick, McEwen, Morris, Orbach, Palinkas, Partyka, Porter, Prather, Rowles, Scott, Seeman, Solo-Gabriele, Svendsen, Tincher, Trtanj, Walker, Yehuda, Yip, Yoskowitz and Singer. AD - Center for Coastal Environmental and Human Health, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States Master's Program in Environmental and Sustainability Studies, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States Huxley College of the Environment, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, United States Rand Corporation, Pittsburg, PA, United States Harte Research Institute, Texas AM University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, United States Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States Computational Epidemiology Lab, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System, Texas AM University, College Station, TX, United States Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, Mobile, AL, United States Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States Division of Environmental Health Science and Practice, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States SEA Consulting Group, Cape Charles, VA, United States Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Bronx, NY, United States AU - Sandifer, P. AU - Knapp, L. AU - Lichtveld, M. AU - Manley, R. AU - Abramson, D. AU - Caffey, R. AU - Cochran, D. AU - Collier, T. AU - Ebi, K. AU - Engel, L. AU - Farrington, J. AU - Finucane, M. AU - Hale, C. AU - Halpern, D. AU - Harville, E. AU - Hart, L. AU - Hswen, Y. AU - Kirkpatrick, B. AU - McEwen, B. AU - Morris, G. AU - Orbach, R. AU - Palinkas, L. AU - Partyka, M. AU - Porter, D. AU - Prather, A. A. AU - Rowles, T. AU - Scott, G. AU - Seeman, T. AU - Solo-Gabriele, H. AU - Svendsen, E. AU - Tincher, T. AU - Trtanj, J. AU - Walker, A. H. AU - Yehuda, R. AU - Yip, F. AU - Yoskowitz, D. AU - Singer, B. C7 - 578463 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2020.578463 J2 - Front. Public Health KW - allostatic load cohort studies COVID-19 disasters Gulf of Mexico health observing system health surveillance stress LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Sandifer, P.; Center for Coastal Environmental and Human Health, United States; email: sandiferpa@cofc.edu Funding details: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Funding details: Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, MASGC, C-231826 Funding details: Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, GoMRI Funding details: Tulane University Funding details: College of Charleston Funding text 1: The authors dedicate this paper to the memory of BM (January 17, 1938?January 2, 2020): Colleague, mentor, friend, role model, and source of inspiration across the biological and social sciences. We are indebted to the many experts who contributed to this work through sharing of ideas, review of draft materials, and other ways. Dr. Charles Wilson, Chief Scientific Officer for the Gulf of Mexico Initiative (GoMRI), and Dr. Rita Colwell, Chair of the GoMRI Research Board, provided continuous support and encouragement. Mr. Michael Feldman, Ms. Callan Yanoff, and others at the Consortium for Ocean Leadership managed all logistical arrangements for our expert workshops and assisted in other ways, both large and small, over the life of the project. Drs. ML and EH of Tulane University volunteered two of their MPH students, Ms. Kaitlin Gibson and Ms. Tingting Li, to prepare an annotated bibliography of publications on human health effects of the DWH oil spill. We are especially grateful to Mr. Gabe Sataloff of the Office of Coastal Management, Charleston, SC for preparing the sampling area mapping data and to Ms. Catherine Polk for the professional rendition of the figures. Ms. Kayli Paterson assisted with reference citations. Dr. Anita Chandra, Rand Corporation, provided input for community health metrics, and Drs. Christopher Rea (NASEM Gulf Research Program) and Jennifer Rusiecki (Uniformed Services University) participated in the early stage of the project. Drs. Stephen Sempier and MP of the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium arranged for publication of a final project report and supporting information as a Technical Report of the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium. Funding. This project was supported in part by contract # C-231826 between the Gulf of Mexico Alliance, on behalf of the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, and the College of Charleston. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Gulf of Mexico Alliance, the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, the College of Charleston, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mention of private companies, trade names, or products does not imply endorsement of any kind. Funding text 2: This project was supported in part by contract # C-231826 between the Gulf of Mexico Alliance, on behalf of the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, and the College of Charleston. The content of this paper is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the Gulf of Mexico Alliance, the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative, the College of Charleston, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mention of private companies, trade names, or products does not imply endorsement of any kind. References: Sandifer, P., Knapp, L., Singer, B., Lichtveld, M., Manley, R., Abramson, D., (2020) A Coceptual Framework for a Community Health Observing System for the Gulf of Mexico Region, , Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Core Synthesis Area 4. Technical Report, Mississii-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, Mobile, AL Mississii-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium Technical Report MASGR-20-026. National Sea Grant Library No. GOMSG-20-001. p. 101; Anenberg, S.C., Kalman, C., Extreme weather, chemical facilities, and vulnerable commu-nities in the US Gulf Coast: a disastrous combination (2019) GeoHealth, 3, pp. 122-126. , 32159036; Tousignant, L., 14-year-long gulf of Mexico oil spill to be worst in us history (2018) New York Post, , https://nypost.com/2018/10/23/14-year-long-gulf-of-mexico-oil-spill-to-become-worst-in-us-history, Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; Newkirk, V.R., The looming superfund nightmare (2017) The Atlantic, , https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/09/the-looming-superfund-nightmare/539316/, Available online at:, (accessed June 16, 2020; Phlips, E.J., Badylak, S., Nelson, N.G., Havens, K.E., Hurricanes El Niño and harmful algal blooms in two sub-tropical Florida estuaries: direct and indirect impacts (2020) Sci Rep, 10, p. 1910. , 32024897; Colburn, L.L., Jepson, M., Weng, C., Seara, T., Weiss, J., Hare, J.A., Indicators of climate change and social vulnerability in fishing dependent communities along the eastern and gulf coasts of the United States (2016) Mar Policy, 74, pp. 323-333; van Oldenborgh, G.J., van der Wiel, K., Sebastian, A., Singh, R., Arrighi, J., Otto, F., Attribution of extreme rainfall from hurricane harvey, August 2017 (2017) Environ Res Lett, 12, p. 12409; Shao, W., Jackson, N.P., Ha, H., Winemiller, T., Assessing community vulnerability to floods and hurricanes along the Gulf Coast of the United States (2019) Disasters, 44, pp. 518-547. , 31251410; Morganstein, J.C., Ursano, R.J., Ecological disasters and mental health: causes, conse-quences, and interventions (2020) Front Psychiat, 11, p. 1. , 32116830; Sandifer, P.A., Knapp, L.C., Collier, T.K., Jones, A.L., Juster, R.P., Kelble, C.R., A conceptual model to assess stress-associated health effects of multiple ecosystem services degraded by disaster events in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere (2017) GeoHealth, 1, pp. 17-36. , 30596189; Sandifer, P.A., Walker, A.H., Enhancing disaster resilience by reducing stress-associated health impacts (2018) Front Public Health, 6, p. 373. , 30627528; Engelthaler, D., Lewis, K., Anderson, S., Snow, S., Gladden, L., Hammond, R.M., Vibrio illnesses after hurricane katrina (2005) CDC Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep, 54, pp. 1-4. , https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm54d914a1.htm#:~:text=Hurricane%20Katrina%20made%20landfall%20on,illnesses%20were%20caused%20by%20V, 16177685, : Available online at; Peters, M.N., Moscona, J.C., Katz, M.J., Deandrade, K.B., Quevedo, H.C., Tiwari, S., Natural disasters and myocardial infarction: the six years after Hurricane Katrina (2014) Mayo Clin Proc, 89, pp. 472-477. , 24656058; Brackbill, R.M., Graber, J.M., Robison, W.A., Editorial for long-term health effects of the 9/11 disaster in international journal of environmental research and public health 2019 (2019) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16, p. 3289. , 31500226; Chowdhury, M.A.B., Fiore, A.J., Cohen, S.A., Wheatley, C., Wheatley, B., Balakrishnan, M.P., Health impact of hurricanes irma and maria on St Thomas and St John, US Virgin Islands, 2017-2018 (2019) Am J Public Health, 109, pp. 1725-1732. , 31622150; Schilling, E.A., Aseltine, R.H., Gore, S., Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adults: a longitudinal survey (2007) BMC Public Health, 7, p. 30. , 17343754; Kronenberg, M.E., Hansel, T.C., Brennan, A.M., Osofsky, H.J., Osofsky, J.D., Lawrason, B., Children of Katrina: lessons learned about postdisaster symptoms and recovery patterns (2010) Child Dev, 81, pp. 1241-1259. , 20636693; Osofsky, J.D., Osofsky, H.J., Weems, C.F., Hansel, T.C., King, L.S., Effects of stress related to the Gulf oil spill on child and adolescent mental health (2014) J Pediatr Psychol, 41, pp. 65-72. , 25306404; Herzog, J.I., Schmahl, C., 2018 Adverse childhood experiences and the consequences on neurobiological, psychosocial, and somatic conditions across the lifespan (2018) Front Psy-chiat, 9, p. 420. , 30233435; Merrick, M.T., Ford, D.C., Ports, K.A., Guinn, A.S., Chen, J., Klevens, J., Vital signs: estimated proportion of adult health problems attributable to adverse childhood expe-riences and implications for prevention — 25 States, 2015–2017 (2019) Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 68, pp. 999-1005. , 31697656; (2018) Behavioral Health Conditions in Children and Youth Exposed to Natural Disaster, , Rockville, MD, Disaster Technical Assis-tance Center Sulemental Research Bulletin., p. 20; Manuel, J., The long road to recovery: environmental health impacts of hurricane sandy (2013) Environ Health Persp, 121, pp. A152-A159. , 23635717; Hasegawa, A., Ohira, T., Maeda, M., Yasumura, S., Tanigawa, K., Emergency responses, and health consequences after the fukushima accident; evacuation and relocation (2016) Clin Oncol, 28, pp. 237-244. , 26876459; Prohaska, T.R., Peters, K.E., Impact of natural disasters on health outcomes and cancer among older adults (2019) Gerontologist, , 31100141, (,) 59(,):S50–6; Brooks, D., (2020) The Pandemic of Fear and Agony, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/09/opinion/covid-anxiety.html, The New York Times. Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; Galea, S., Merchant, R.M., Lurie, N., The mental health consequences of covid-19 and physical distancing: the need for prevention and early intervention (2020) JAMA Intern Med, 180, pp. 817-818. , 32275292; Holmes, E.A., O'Connor, R.C., Perry, V.H., Tracey, I., Wessley, S., Arseneault, L., Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science (2020) Lancet Psychiatry, 7, pp. 547-560. , 32304649; Pfefferbaum, B., North CS. Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 510-512. , 32283003; (2011) Report to the President, , https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-OILCOMMISSION/pdf/GPO-OILCOMMISSION.pdf, Deepwater: The Gulf Oil Disaster and the Future of Offshore Drilling. Washington, DC Available online at:, (accessed September 22, 2020; Goldstein, B.D., Osofsky, H.J., Lichtveld, M.Y., The gulf oil spill (2011) N Engl J Med, 364, pp. 1334-1348. , 21470011; Gill, D.A., Picou, J.S., Ritchie, L.A., 2012 The exxon valdez and BP oil spills: a comparison of initial social and psychological impacts (2012) Am Behav Sci, 56, pp. 3-23; Gill, D.A., Ritchie, L.A., Picou, J.S., Sociocultural and psychosocial impacts of the exxon valdez oil spill: twenty-four years of research in Cordova, Alaska (2016) Extract Ind Soc, 3, pp. 1105-1116; Tsao, C.W., Vasan, R.S., Cohort profile: the framingham heart study (FHS): overview of milestones in cardiovascular epidemiology (2015) Int J Epidemiol, 44, pp. 1800-1813. , 26705418; Willoughby, H.E., Rappaport, E.N., Marks, F.D., Hurricane forecasting: the state of the art (2007) Nat Hazards Rev, 8, pp. 45-49; Gall, R., Franklin, J., Marks, F., Rappaport, E.N., Toepfer, F., The hurricane forecast im-provement project (2013) B Am Meteorol Soc, 94, pp. 329-343; Leroux, M.D., Wood, K., Elsberry, R.L., Cayanan, E.O., Hendricks, E., Kucas, M., Re-cent advances in research and forecasting of tropical cyclone track, intensity, and structure at landfall (2018) Tropical Cyclone Res Rev, 7, pp. 85-105; Parker, A.M., Edelman, A.F., Carman, K.G., Finucane, M.L., On the need for prospective disaster survey panels (2019) Disaster Med Public, , [Epub ahead of print]; Gottlieb, S., Rivers, C., McClellan, M.B., Silvis, L., Watson, C., (2020) National Coronavirus Re-Sponse: A Road Map to Reopening, , Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, p. 20; Duffy, J.E., Amaral-Zettler, L.A., Fautin, D.G., Paulay, G., Rynearson, T.A., Sosik, H.M., Envisioning a marine biodiversity observation network (2013) BioScience, 63, pp. 350-361; Porter, D.E., Dorton, J., Leonard, L., Kelsey, H., Ramage, D., Cothran, J., Integrating environmental monitoring and observing systems in support of science to inform deci-sion-making: case studies for the Southeast (2015) Coast Ocean Observ Syst, 2015, pp. 426-429; Weatherhead, E.C., Wielicki, B.A., Ramaswamy, V., Abbott, M., Ackerman, T.P., Atlas, R., Designing the climate observing system of the future (2018) Earth's Future, 6, pp. 80-102; Stauffer, B.A., Bowers, H.A., Buckley, E., Davis, T.W., Johengen, T.H., Kudela, G.J., Considerations in harmful algal bloom research and monitoring: perspectives from a consensus-building workshop and technology testing (2019) Front Mar Sci, 6, p. 399; Li, C., Balluz, L.S., Ford, E.S., Okoro, C.A., Zhao, G., Pierannunzi, C., A comparison of prevalence estimates for selected health indicators and chronic diseases or conditions from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system, the National Health Interview Survey, and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2008 (2012) Prev Med, 54, pp. 381-387. , 22521996; Behavioral health in the gulf coast region following the deepwater horizon oil spill (2013) HHS Publication, 13, p. 4737. , https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUH-GSPS-GulfCoast-Apps-2012/NSDUH-GSPS-GulfCoast-2012.pdf, 25339594, :, Available online at; (2018) All of Us Research Program, , https://allofus.nih.gov/sites/default/files/aou_operational_protocol_v1.7_mar_2018.pdf, Operational Protocol. Rockville, MD (,) p. 69. Available online at:, (accessed September 22, 2020; The All of Us research program (2019) N Engl J Med, 381, pp. 668-676; Lowe, D., Ebi, K.L., Forsberg, B., Factors increasing vulnerability to health effects before, during and after floods (2013) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 10, pp. 7015-7067. , 24336027; Cutter, S.L., Emrich, C.T., Gall, M., Harrison, S., Mccaster, R.R., Derakhshan, S., (2019) Existing Longitudinal Data and Systems for Measuring the Human Dimensions of Resilience, Health, and Well-Being in the Gulf Coast, , Washington, DC: Gulf Res Program, p. 38; Brim, O.G., Ryff, C.D., Kessler, R.C., (2004) How Healthy Are We?: A National Study of Well-Being at Midlife, pp. 1-36. , Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press, 26673447,., editors. The MIDUS national survey: an overview., :, p; Friedman, E.M., Herd, P., Income education, and inflammation: differential associations in a National probability sample (the Midus Study) (2010) Psychosom Med, 72, pp. 290-300. , 20100883; Ache, B.W., Crossett, K.M., Pacheco, P.A., Adkins, J.E., Wiley, P.C., The Coast is compli-cated: a model to consistently describe the nation's coastal population (2013) Estuar Coast, 38, pp. 151-155; (2017) Coastal County Definitions, , https://coast.noaa.gov/data/digitalcoast/pdf/qrt-coastal-county-definitions.pdf, Charleston, SC Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; (2017) Data from: 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, , https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/technical-documentation/table-and-geography-changes/2017/5-year.html, 32676640, Available online at:, (accessed September 22, 2020; (2010) County Rurality Level: 2010, , https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/ua/County_Rural_Lookup_v4.pdf, Available online at:, (accessed June 6, 2020; Singleton, B., Turner, J., Walter, L., Lathan, N., Thorpe, D., Ogbevoen, P., Environmental stress in the Gulf of Mexico and its potential im-pact on human health (2016) Environ Res, 146, pp. 108-115. , 26745734; Kirkpatrick, B., Pierce, R., Cheng, Y.S., Henry, M.S., Blum, P., Osborn, S., Inland transport of aerosolized florida red tide toxins (2010) Harmful Algae, 9, pp. 186-189. , 20161504; Cossman, J., James, W., Wolf, J.K., The differential effects of rural health care access on race-specific mortality (2017) SSM Popul Health, 3, pp. 618-623. , 29349249; Long, A.S., Hanlon, A.L., Pellegrin, K.L., Socioeconomic variables explain rural disparities in US mortality rates: implications for rural health research and policy (2018) SSM Popul Health, 6, pp. 72-74. , 30225336; Ingram, D.D., Franco, S.J., 2013 NCHS urban-rural classification scheme for counties (2014) Vital Health Stat, 2, pp. 1-81. , https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_02/sr02_166.pdf, 24776070, : Available online at; (2019) Building and Measuring Community Resilience: Actions for Communities and the Gulf Research Program, , Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 31063287; Methodology statement: 2019 Esri tapestry segmentation (2019) White Paper, , https://doc.arcgis.com/en/esri-demographics/data/tapestry-segmentation.htm, Available online at:, (accessed June 6, 2020; Signorello, L.B., Hargreaves, M.K., Steinwandel, M.D., Zheng, W., Cai, Q., Schlundt, D.G., Southern community cohort study: establishing a cohort to investigate health disparities (2005) J Natl Med Assoc, 97, pp. 972-979. , 16080667; Enzenbach, C., Wicklein, B., Wirkner, K., Loeffler, M., Evaluating selection bias in a population-based cohort study with low baseline participation: the life-adult-study (2019) BMC Med Res Methodol, 19, p. 135. , 31262266; Rosenbaum, A., Hartley, S., Holder, C., Analysis of diesel particulate matter health risk disparities in selected US Harbor areas (2011) Am J Public Health, 101, pp. S217-S223. , 21836118; Gren, L., Broski, K., Childs, J., Cordes, J., Engelhard, D., Gahagan, B., Recruitment methods employed in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial (2009) Clin Trials, 6, pp. 52-59. , 19254935; Peters, E.S., Rung, A.L., Bronson, M.H., Brashear, M.M., Peres, L.C., Gaston, S., The Women and Their Children's Health (WaTCH) study: methods and design of a prospec-tive cohort study in Louisiana to examine the health effects from the BP oil spill (2017) BMJ Open, 7, p. e014887. , 28698324; Nohr, E.A., Liew, Z., How to investigate and adjust for selection bias in cohort studies (2018) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 97, pp. 407-416. , 29415329; Israel, B.A., Schulz, A.J., Parker, E.A., Becker, A.B., Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health (1998) Annu Rev Publ Health, 19, pp. 173-202. , 9611617; Friedman, D.B., Toumey, C., Porter, D.E., Hong, J., Scott, G.I., Lead, J.R., Communicating with the public about environmental health risks: a community-engaged approach to dialogue about metal speciation and toxicity (2015) Environ Int, 74, pp. 9-12. , 25305416; Canfield, C., Angove, R., Boselovic, J., Brown, L.F., Gauthe, S., Bui, T., Developing a community-based participatory research curriculum to support environmental health re-search partnerships: an initiative of the growh community outreach and dissemina-tion core (2016) Int J Nurs Clin Pract, 3, p. 187; Lichtveld, M., Kennedy, S., Krouse, R.Z., Grimsley, F., El-Dahr, J., Bordelon, K., From design to dissemination: implementing community-based participatory research in postdisaster communities (2016) Am J Public Health, 106, pp. 1235-1242. , 27196662; Lesen, A.E., Tucker, C., Olson, M.G., Ferreira, R.J., Come back at us: reflections on researcher-community partnerships during a post-oil spill gulf coast resilience study (2019) Soc Sci, 8, p. 8; Dillman, D.A., Smyth, J.D., Christian, L.M., (2014) Covering the population and selecting who to survey. In: Internet, Phone, Mail and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method, pp. 56-93. , Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc p; Signorello, L.B., Hargreaves, M.K., Blot, W.J., The Southern community cohort study: in-vestigating health disparities (2010) J Health Care Poor Underserved, 21, pp. 26-37. , 20173283; Nicholls, K., Picou, S.J., McCord, S.C., Training community health workers to enhance disaster resilience (2017) J Public Heal Manag Pract, 23, pp. S78-S84. , 28961657; Sherman, M., Covert, H., Fox, L., Lichtveld, M., Successes and lessons learned from im-plementing community health worker programs in community-based and clinical set-tings: insights from the Gulf Coast (2017) J Public Heal Manag Pract, 23, pp. S85-S93. , 28961658; Manolio, T.A., Weis, B.K., Cowie, C.C., Hoover, R.N., Hudson, K., Kramer, B.S., new models for large prospective studies: is there a better way? (2012) Am J Epidemiol, 175, pp. 859-866; Dinesen, B., Nonnecke, B., Lindeman, D., Toft, E., Kidholm, K., Jethwani, K., Person-alized telehealth in the future: a global research Agenda (2016) J Med Internet Res, 18, p. e53. , 26932229; Murren-Boezem, J., Solo-Josephson, P., Zettler-Greeley, C.M., A pediatric telemedicine response to a natural disaster (2019) Telemed J E Health, 26, pp. 720-724. , 31549909; (2020) Telehealth Implementation Playbook, , https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/2020-04/ama-telehealth-playbook.pdf, 32443021, Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; (2011) The Future of Federal Household Surveys: Summary of a Workshop, , Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 23312493; Patel, M.M., Saltzman, L.Y., Ferreira, R.J., Lesen, A.E., Resilience : examining the impacts of the deepwater horizon oil spill on the gulf coast Vietnamese (2018) Soc Sci, 7, p. 203; Lichtveld, M.Y., Covert, H.H., Sherman, M., Shankar, A., Wickliffe, J.K., Alcala, C.S., Ad-vancing environmental health literacy: validated scales of general environmental health and environmental media-specific knowledge, attitudes and behaviors (2019) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16, p. 4157. , 31661913; Dillman, D.A., Christian, L.M., Survey mode as a source of instability in responses across Surveys (2005) Field Methods, 17, pp. 30-52; Link, M.W., Battaglia, M.P., Frankel, M.R., Osborn, L., Mokdad, A.H., Address-based versus random-digit dial sampling: comparison of data quality from brfss mail and tele-phone surveys (2006) Am J Epidemiol, 164, pp. 1019-1025. , 16968861; Stern, M.J., Bilgen, I., Dillman, D.A., The state of survey methodology: challenges, dilem-mas, and new frontiers in the era of the tailored design (2014) Field Methods, 26, pp. 284-301; Kwok, R.K., Engel, L.S., Miller, A.K., Blair, A., Curry, M.D., Jackson, W.B., The GuLF study: a prospective study of persons involved in the deepwater horizon oil spill response and clean-up (2017) Environ Health Persp, 125, pp. 570-578. , 28362265; Lupien, S.J., Ouellet-Morin Hupbach, A.I., Tu, M.T., Buss, C., Walker, D., Beyond the stress concept: allostatic load-a developmental biological and cognitive perspective. In: Cicchetti D, Cohen DJ, editors (2015) Developmental Psychopathology, pp. 578-628. , Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2nd Edn., Inc p; McEwen, B.S., Allostasis and Allostatic Load: implications for neuropsychopharmacology (2000) Neuropsychopharmacology, 22, pp. 108-124. , 10649824; Farrington, J.W., Need update human health risk assessment protocols for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafood after oil spills (2019) Mar Pol Bull, 150, p. 110744. , 31910519; Trifan, A., Oliveira, M., Oliveira, J.L., Passive sensing of health outcomes through smartphones: systematic review of current solutions and possible limitations (2019) JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 7, p. e12649. , 31444874; (2020) Demographics of Mobile Device Ownership and Adoption in the United States, , https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/, 30681968, Available online at:, (accessed June 6, 2020; Sim, I., Mobile devices and health (2019) N Engl J Med, 381, pp. 956-968. , 31483966; Hammel, S.C., Phillips, A.L., Hoffman, K., Stapleton, H.M., Evaluating the use of silicone wristbands to measure personal exposure to brominated flame retardants (2018) Environ Sci Technol, 52, pp. 11875-11885. , 30216050; De Vecchi, R., da Silveira Carvalho Ripper, J., Roy, D., Breton, L., Germano Marciano, A., Bernardo de Souza, P.M., Using wearable devices for assessing the impacts of hair exposome in brazil (2019) Sci Rep, 9, p. 13357. , 31527774; Wang, S., Romanak, K.A., Stubbings, W.A., Arrandale, V.H., Hendryx, M., Diamond, M.L., Silicone wristbands integrate dermal and inhalation exposures to Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (SVOCs) (2019) Environ Int, 132, p. 105104. , 31465955; Jiang, C., Wang, X., Li, X., Inlora, J., Wang, T., Liu, Q., Dynamic human environmen-tal exposome revealed by longitudinal personal monitoring (2018) Cell, 175, pp. 277-291. , 30241608; Khan, S., Ali, S., Bermak, A., Recent developments in printing flexible and wearable sens-ing electronics for healthcare applications (2019) Sensors, 19, p. 1230. , 30862062; Henning, K.J., Overview of syndromic surveillance what is syndromic surveillance? (2004) CDC Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 53, pp. 5-11. , 15714620; (2016) A Primer for Understanding the Princi-ples and Practices of Disaster Surveillance in the United States, , http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/hsb/disaster/default.htm, (,) Available online at:, (accessed September 22, 2020; (2016) Louisiana Early Event Detection System Syn-dromic Surveillance for the State of Louisiana, , http://ldh.la.gov/assets/oph/Center-PHCH/Center-CH/infectious-epi/LEEDS/LEEDSSyndromicSurvLA16.pdf, LEEDS: Syndromic Surveillance for the State of Louisiana. Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; (2017) County Health Department Epidemiology Hurricane Response Toolkit, , https:/cdn.ymaws.com/www.cste.org/resource/resmgr/disasterepi/CHD_Epidemiology_Hurricane_T.pdf, Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; Lall, R., Abdelnabi, J., Ngai, S., Parton, H.B., Saunders, K., Sell, J., Advancing the use of emergency department syndromic surveillance data, New York City, 2012-2016 (2017) Public Health Rep, , 28692384, (,) 132(,):23S−30; Yoon, P.W., Ising, A.I., Gunn, J.E., Using syndromic surveillance for all-hazards public health surveillance: successes, challenges, the future (2017) Pub Health Rep, , 28692397, (,) 132(,):3S−6; Shenkman, E., Hurt, M., Hogan, W., Carrasquillo, O., Smith, S., Brickman, A., One-florida clinical research consortium: linking a clinical and translational science insti-tute with a community-based distributive medical education model (2018) Acad Med, 93, pp. 451-455; Faruque, F.S., Geospatial technology in environmental health applications (2019) Environ Monit Assess, 191, p. 333. , 31254124; (2019) State of Global Air 2019, , https://www.stateofglobalair.org/sites/default/files/soga_2019_report.pdf, Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; Diao, M., Holloway, T., Choi, S., O'Neill, S.M., Al-Hamdan, M.Z., van Donkelaar, A., 2019 methods, availability, and applications of PM2.5 exposure estimates derived from ground measurements, satellite, atmospheric models (2019) J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 69, pp. 1391-1414. , 31526242; MacDonald, I.R., Garcia-Pineda, O., Beet, A., Asl, S.D., Feng, L., Graettinger, G., Natural and unnatural oil slicks in the Gulf of Mexico (2015) J Geophys Res Oceans, 120, pp. 8364-8380. , 27774370; (2014) Office of Satellite and Product Operations, , https://www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/ocean/color/swir_chla_daily.html, MODIS/Aqua NIR-SWIR Ocean Color Products. Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; (2018) Gulf of Mexico HAB-OFS Bulletin Guide, , https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/hab/gomx.html, Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; Deeb, R., Tufford, D., Scott, G.I., Moore, J.G., Dow, K., Impact of climate change on vibrio vulnificus abundance and exposure risk (2018) Estuaries Coast, 4, pp. 2289-2303. , 31263385; Gascon, M., Cirach, M., Martínez, D., Dadvand, P., Valentín, A., Plasència, A., Nor-malized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a marker of surrounding greenness in epidemiological studies: the case of Barcelona City (2016) Urban Urban Green, 19, pp. 88-94; Frumkin, H., Bratman, G.N., Breslow, S.J., Cochran, B., Kahn, P.H., Lawler, J.J., Nature contact and human health: a research Agenda (2017) Environ Health Perspect, 125, p. 075001. , 28796634; Kondo, M.C., Fluehr, J.M., McKeon, T., Branas, C.C., Urban green space and its impact on human health (2018) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 15, p. 445. , 29510520; McCombs, J.W., Herold, N.D., Burkhalter, S.G., Robinson, C.J., Accuracy assessment of NOAA coastal change analysis program 2006-2010 land cover and land cover change data (2016) Photogramm Eng Remote Sens, 82, pp. 711-718; Juarez, P.D., Matthews-Juarez, P., Hood, D.B., Im, W., Levine, R.S., Kilbourne, B.J., The public health exposome: a population-based, exposure science approach to health disparities research (2014) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 11, pp. 12866-12895. , 25514145; De Guise, S., Levin, M., Gebhard, E., Jasperse, L., Hart, L.B., Smith, C.R., Changes in immune functions in bottlenose dolphins in the northern gulf of Mexico associated with the deepwater horizon oil spill (2017) Endanger Species Res, 33, pp. 291-303; Smith, C.R., Rowles, T.K., Hart, L.B., Townsend, F.I., Wells, R.S., Zolman, E.S., Slow recovery of barataria bay dolphin health following the deepwater horizon oil spill (2013-2014), with evidence of persistent lung disease and impaired stress response (2017) Endanger Species Res, 33, pp. 127-142; (2018) About InPort, , https://inport.nmfs.noaa.gov/inport/about, Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; Lynn, P., From standardised to targeted survey procedures for tackling non-response and attrition (2017) Sur Res Method, 11, pp. 93-103; Radler, B.T., Ryff, C.D., Who participates? Accounting for longitudinal retention in the midus national study of health and well-being (2010) J Aging Health, 22, pp. 307-331. , 20103686; Abshire, M., Dinglas, V.D., Cajita, M.I.A., Eakin, M.N., Needham, D.M., Himmelfarb, C.D., Participant retention practices in longitudinal clinical research studies with high re-tention rates (2017) BMC Med Res Methodol, 17, p. 30; Lynn, P., Targeted response inducement strategies on longitudinal surveys. In: Engel U, editor (2014) Improving Survey Methods: Lessons from Recent Research, pp. 322-338. , New York, NY; London, Routledge, :, p; Fauci, A.S., Lane HC, R.R., Covid-19 - navigating the uncharted (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1268-1269. , 32109011; Kissler, S.M., Tedijanto, C., Goldstein, E., Grad, Y.H., Lipsitch, M., Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period (2020) Science, 368, pp. 860-868. , 32291278; Lipsitch, M., Swerdlow, D.L., Finelli, L., Defining the epidemiology of Covid-19 — studies needed (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1194-1196. , 32074416; Wu, X.R., Nethery, C., Sabath, M.B., Braun, D., Dominici, F., Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: a nationwide cross-sectional study (2020) medRxiv [Preprint], , 32511651; Millett, G.A., Jones, A.T., Benkeser, D., Baral, S., Mercer, L., Beyrer, C., Assessing differential impacts of COVID-19 on black communities (2020) Ann Epidemiol, 47, pp. 37-44. , 32419766; Owen, W.F., Carmona, R., Pomeroy, C., Failing another national stress test on health disparities (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1905-1906. , 32293642; Yancy, C.W., COVID-19 African Americans (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1891-1892. , 32293639; (2020) National Health Interview Survey, , https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/index.htm, Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y.C., Ou, J., Liu, L., Shan, H., Clinical characteristics of coro-navirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1708-1720. , 32109013; Jin, J.M., Bai, P., He, W., Wu, F., Liu, X.F., Han, D.M., Differences in patients with COVID-19: focus on severity and mortality (2020) Front Pub Health, 8, p. 152. , 32411652; Sharma, G., Volgman, A.S., Michos, E.D., Sex differences in mortality from COVID-19 pandemic: are men vulnerable and women protected? (2020) JACC Case Rep, 2, pp. 1407-1410. , 32373791; Walter, L., McGregor, A., Sex and gender-specific observations and implications for COVID-19 (2020) Western J Emer Med, 21, pp. 507-509. , 32302282; Xie, J., Tong, Z., Guan, X., Du, B., Qiu, H., Clinical characteristics of patients who died of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3, p. e205619. , 32275319; (2020) For parents: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated With COVID-19, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/children/mis-c.html, Available online at:, (accessed May 23, 2020; Moore, K.A., Lipsitch, M., Barry, J.M., Osterholm, M.T., (2020) COVID-19: the CIDRAP Viewpoint Part 1: The Future of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From Pandemic Influ-Enza, , https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/sites/default/files/public/downloads/cidrap-covid19-viewpoint-part1_0.pdf, Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, Univ Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; Morand, S., Walther, B.A., The accelerated infectious disease risk in the anthropocene: more outbreaks and wider global spread (2020) bioRxiv [Preprint]; Stephens, K.U., Grew, D., Chin, K., Kadetz, P., Greenough, G., Burkle, F.M., Jr., Excess mortality in the aftermath of hurricane katrina: a preliminary report (2007) Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 1, pp. 15-20. , 18388597; (2018) Ascertainment of the Estimated Excess Mortality From Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico, , https://publichealth.gwu.edu/sites/default/files/downloads/projects/PRstudy/Acertainment%20of%20the%20Estimated%20Excess%20Mortality%20from%20Hurricane%20Maria%20in%20Puerto%20Rico.pdf/, Washington, DC Available online at:, (accessed June 9, 2020; Kishore, N., Marques, D., Mahmud, A., Kiang, M.V., Rodriguez, I., Fuller, A., Mortality in puerto rico after hurricane maria (2018) N Engl J Med, 379, pp. 162-170. , 29809109; Chu, H.Y., Englund, J.A., Starita, L.M., Famulare, M., Brandstetter, E., Nickerson, D.A., Early detection of Covid-19 through a city-wide pandemic surveillance platform (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 185-187. , 32356944; Tao, D., McGill, B., Hamerly, T., Kobayashi, T., Khare, P., Dziedzic, A., A saliva-based rapid test to quantify the infectious subclinical malaria parasite reservoir (2019) Sci Trans Med, 11, p. eaan4479. , 30602535; To, K.K.W., Tsang, O.T.W., Yip, C.C.Y., Chan, K.H., Wu, T.C., Chan, J.M.C., Con-sistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in Saliva (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 71, pp. 841-843. , 32047895; Tuaillon, E., Kania, D., Pisoni, A., Bollore, K., Taieb, F., Ontsira Ngoyi, E.N., Dried blood spot tests for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of HIV and viral hepatitis B and C (2020) Front Microbiol, 11, p. 373. , 32210946; Vázquez-Morón, S., Ryan, P., Ardizone-Jimenez, B., Martin, D., Troya, J., Cuevas, G., Evaluation of dried blood spot samples for screening of Hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus in a real-world setting (2020) Sci Rep, 8, p. 8158. , 29382904; Vázquez-Morón, S., Ardizone Jimenez, B., Jimenez-Sousa, M.A., Bellon, J.M., Ryan, P., Resino, S., Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of laboratory-based screening for hepatitis C in dried blood spot samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) Sci Rep, 9, p. 7316. , 31086259; Athlin, S., Iversen, A., Özenci, V., Comparison of the immuview and the BinaxNOW anti-gen tests in detection of streptococcus pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila in urine (2017) Eur J Clinl Microbiol Infect Dis, 36, pp. 1933-1938. , 28589425; Zainabadi, K., Dhayabaran, V., Moideen, K., Krishnaswamy, P., An efficient and cost ef-fective method for purification of small sized DNAs and RNAs from human urine (2019) PLoS ONE, 14, p. e021081. , 30721243; Lodder, W., de Roda Husman, A.M., SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: potential health risk, but also data source (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, pp. 533-534. , 32246939; Randazzo, W., Truchado, P., Cuevas-Ferrando, E., Simon, P., Allende, A., Sanchez, G., SARS=CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 in a low prevalence area (2020) Water Res, 181, p. 115942. , 32425251; Wu, F.Q., Xiao, A., Zhang, J.B., Gu, X.Q., Lee, W.L., Kauffman, K., SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases (2020) MedRxic [Preprint], , 32694130; Abbott, A., Thousands of people will help scientists to track the long-term health ef-fects of the coronavirus crisis (2020) Nature, 582, p. 326. , 32488191 PY - 2020 SN - 22962565 (ISSN) ST - Framework for a Community Health Observing System for the Gulf of Mexico Region: Preparing for Future Disasters T2 - Frontiers in Public Health TI - Framework for a Community Health Observing System for the Gulf of Mexico Region: Preparing for Future Disasters UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094826296&doi=10.3389%2ffpubh.2020.578463&partnerID=40&md5=6f9c086daf59391aceeb9b9f5896cfb4 VL - 8 ID - 323 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7305, United States AU - Sanoff, H. K. C2 - 32701132 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.2839 IS - 11 J2 - JAMA Oncol. KW - comfort coronavirus disease 2019 death dying emotion grief Note personal experience physician quality of life sadness telemedicine trust virtual reality LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Sanoff, H.K.; Division of Oncology, 170 Manning Drive, United States; email: hanna_sanoff@med.unc.edu Funding details: Bayer Fund, BF Funding text 1: reported grants from Bayer outside the submitted work. PY - 2020 SN - 23742437 (ISSN) SP - 1700-1701 ST - Managing Grief, Loss, and Connection in Oncology - What COVID-19 Has Taken T2 - JAMA Oncology TI - Managing Grief, Loss, and Connection in Oncology - What COVID-19 Has Taken UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100549393&doi=10.1001%2fjamaoncol.2020.2839&partnerID=40&md5=e19cdc7f7dc0b422992e01e8d0ef0c53 VL - 6 ID - 529 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The transformation of our health care system in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) provides a unique opportunity to examine the use of telehealth for postpartum care. The postpartum period can pose significant risks and challenges, particularly for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Remote blood pressure monitoring has proven feasible and acceptable among women and providers but has not been widely implemented or researched. Early studies have identified improved outcomes with use of telehealth, including increased compliance with care and decreased disparity in hypertension follow-up. Preliminary data make a compelling case for remote monitoring as a promising treatment strategy to manage postpartum hypertension. Remote monitoring technology should be incorporated as a standard component for the comprehensive management of postpartum hypertension during COVID-19. As a consequence of the pandemic, we now have an opportunity to research the impact of postpartum remote blood pressure monitoring on maternal outcome and disparities within these outcomes. © 2020 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved. AD - Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street-Founders 4, Boston, MA 02114, United States Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Maternal, Child, and Family Health, Department of Social Medicine, Center for Bioethics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States AU - Sawyer, M. R. AU - Jaffe, E. F. AU - Naqvi, M. AU - Sarma, A. AU - Barth, W. H., Jr. AU - Goldfarb, I. T. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1055/s-0040-1715169 IS - 3 J2 - AJP Rep. KW - blood pressure COVID-19 hypertension postpartum remote monitoring telehealth Article blood pressure monitoring coronavirus disease 2019 follow up health care system health disparity human maternal hypertension pandemic patient compliance practice guideline priority journal puerperium remote sensing LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Goldfarb, I.T.; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, 55 Fruit Street-Founders 4, United States References: Petersen, E.E., Davis, N.L., Goodman, D., Vital signs: Pregnancy-related deaths, United States, 2011-2015, and strategies for prevention, 13 States, 2013-2017 (2019) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 68 (18), pp. 423-429; Levine, L.D., Nkonde-Price, C., Limaye, M., Srinivas, S.K., Factors associated with postpartum follow-up and persistent hypertension among women with severe preeclampsia (2016) J Perinatol, 36 (12), pp. 1079-1082; Implementing telehealth in practice (2020) Obstet Gynecol, 135 (2), pp. e73-e79. , Presidential Task Force on Telehealth; Hauspurg, A., Countouris, M.E., Catov, J.M., Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and future maternal health: How can the evidence guide postpartum management? (2019) Curr Hypertens Rep, 21 (12), p. 96; ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 202: Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia (2019) Obstet Gynecol, 133 (1), pp. 211-214; Cairns, A.E., Pealing, L., Duffy, J.M., Postpartum management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A systematic review (2017) BMJ Open, 7 (11), p. e018696; Denicola, N., Grossman, D., Marko, K., Telehealth interventions to improve obstetric and gynecologic health outcomes: A systematic review (2020) Obstet Gynecol, 135 (2), pp. 371-382; Hoppe, K.K., Williams, M., Thomas, N., Telehealth with remote blood pressure monitoring for postpartum hypertension: A prospective single-cohort feasibility study (2019) Pregnancy Hypertens, 15, pp. 171-176; Rhoads, S.J., Serrano, C.I., Lynch, C.E., Exploring implementation of m-health monitoring in postpartum women with hypertension (2017) Telemed J e Health, 23 (10), pp. 833-841; Hauspurg, A., Lemon, L.S., Quinn, B.A., A postpartum remote hypertension monitoring protocol implemented at the hospital level (2019) Obstet Gynecol, 134 (4), pp. 685-691; Hirshberg, A., Downes, K., Srinivas, S., Comparing standard office-based follow-up with text-based remote monitoring in the management of postpartum hypertension: A randomised clinical trial (2018) BMJ Qual Saf, 27 (11), pp. 871-877; Breathett, K., Muhlestein, D., Foraker, R., Gulati, M., Differences in preeclampsia rates between African American and Caucasian women: Trends from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (2014) J Womens Health (Larchmt), 23 (11), pp. 886-893; Ananth, C.V., Keyes, K.M., Wapner, R.J., Pre-eclampsia rates in the United States, 1980-2010: Age-period-cohort analysis (2013) BMJ, 347, p. f6564; Hirshberg, A., Sammel, M.D., Srinivas, S.K., Text message remote monitoring reduced racial disparities in postpartum blood pressure ascertainment (2019) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 221 (3), pp. 283-285; Demographics of Mobile Device Ownership and Adoption in the United States, , https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/mobile/, Pew Research Center, Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Accessed January 24, 2020; Weigel, G., Frederiksen, B., (2020) URP, Telemedicine and Pregnancy Care, , https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/issue-brief/telemedicine-and-pregnancy-care/, February 26, The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation. February, Accessed March 27, 2020; COVID-19 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for State Medicaid and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Agencies, , https://www.medicaid.gov/state-resource-center/Downloads/covid-19-faqs.pdf, Medicaid.gov, Accessed April 22, 2020; Bluth, R., (2016) When Getting A Blood Pressure Cuff Takes All Day. NPR.org. February, , https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/18/467209573/when-getting-a-blood-pressure-cuff-takes-all-day, Accessed April 22, 2020; SPECIAL BULLETIN COVID-19 #29: Coverage for Automatic Blood Pressuremonitors: Temporary Flexibilities Effective March 30, 2020, , https://medicaid.ncdhhs.gov/blog/2020/03/31/special-bulletin-covid-19-29-coverage-automatic-blood-pressure-monitors-temporary, NC Medicaid, Accessed April 22, 2020; Eckert, E., (2020) It's Past Time to Provide Continuous Medicaid Coverage for One Year Postpartum | Health Affairs. February, , https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200203.639479/full/, Accessed April 22, 2020; Lackland, D.T., Racial differences in hypertension: Implications for high blood pressure management (2014) Am J Med Sci, 348 (2), pp. 135-138 PY - 2020 SN - 21576998 (ISSN) SP - E315-E318 ST - Establishing Better Evidence on Remote Monitoring for Postpartum Hypertension: A Silver Lining of the Coronavirus Pandemic T2 - AJP Reports TI - Establishing Better Evidence on Remote Monitoring for Postpartum Hypertension: A Silver Lining of the Coronavirus Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092136810&doi=10.1055%2fs-0040-1715169&partnerID=40&md5=1f050e99f35be7717b71d6472e8d5ad6 VL - 10 ID - 453 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has a direct impact on the gastrointestinal system, as up to 50% of fecal samples from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients contain detectable viral RNA despite a negative rhino-pharyngeal swab. This finding, together with an intestinal expression of angiotensin conversion enzyme 2 protein, suggests a possible fecal-oral transmission for SARSCoV-2. Furthermore, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in COVID-19 patients including watery diarrhea, vomiting particularly in children nausea, and abdominal pain. Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection presents significant similarities to those of some immune-mediated diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases or rheumatoid arthritis, leading to the hypothesis that targeted therapies used for the treatment of immune-mediated disease could be effective to treat (and possibly prevent) the main complications of COVID-19. In this review, we synthesize the present and future impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the gastrointestinal system and on gastroenterology practice, hypothesizing a potential role of the "gut-lung axis" and perhaps of the gut and lung microbiota into the interindividual differential susceptibility to COVID-19 19 disease. Finally, we speculate on the reorganization of outpatient gastroenterology services, which need to consider, among other factors, the major psychological impact of strict lockdown measures on the whole population. © 2020 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. AD - CEMAD, Ibd UNIT-Unita Operativa Complessa di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "a. Gemelli" Irccs, Rome, Italy Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Universita Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. D Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. D Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Irccs, Rome, Italy AU - Scaldaferri, F. AU - Ianiro, G. AU - Privitera, G. AU - Lopetuso, L. R. AU - Vetrone, L. M. AU - Petito, V. AU - Pugliese, D. AU - Neri, M. AU - Cammarota, G. AU - Ringel, Y. AU - Costamagna, G. AU - Gasbarrini, A. AU - Boskoski, I. AU - Armuzzi, A. C2 - 32720978 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/ibd/izaa181 321388; Chai, X, Hu, L, Zhang, Y, Specific ACE2 expression in cholangiocytes may cause liver damage after 2019-nCoV infection bioRxiv, , 20https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/02/04/2020.02.03.931766.full.pdf, Accessed May 2, 2020; Boettler, T, Newsome, PN, Mondelli, MU, Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper (2020) JHEP Rep, 2, p. 100113; Zhang, C, Shi, L, Wang, FS., Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, pp. 428-430; Ercolini, AM, Miller, SD., The role of infections in autoimmune disease (2009) Clin Exp Immunol, 155, p. 115; Ye, Q, Wang, B, Mao, J., The pathogenesis and treatment of the (2020) Cytokine Storm in COVID-J Infect; Fragoulis, GE, Liava, C, Daoussis, D, Inflammatory bowel diseases and spondyloarthropathies: from pathogenesis to treatment (2019) World J Gastroenterol, 25. , 2162; Neurath, MF., COVID-19 and immunomodulation in IBD (2020) Gut, 69, pp. 1335-1342; Wu, C, Chen, X, Cai, Y, Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China JAMA Intern Med, , 20https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/27631Accessed, May 2, 2020; Qin, C, Zhou, L, Hu, Z, Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 2019, p. 410; Pedersen, SF, Ho, YC., SARS-CoV-2: A storm is raging (2020) J Clin Invest, 130; Chen, G, Wu, D, Guo, W, Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate Coronavirus Disease (2020) J Clin Invest, 20, p. 130; Schett, G, Sticherling, M, Neurath, MF., COVID-19: risk for cytokine targeting in chronic inflammatory diseases? (2020) Nat Rev Immunol, 20, pp. 271-272; Ortiz-Martinez, Y., Tocilizumab: A new opportunity in the possible therapeutic arsenal against COVID-Travel (2020) Med Infect Dis, p. 101678; Richardson, P, Griffin, I, Tucker, C, Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease (2020) Lancet, 395, p. e30e31; Favalli, EG, Biggioggero, M, Maioli, G, Baricitinib for COVID-19: A suitable treatment? (2020) Lancet Infect Dis; Lee, KH, Ahn, BS, Cha, D, Understanding the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by animal studies using gene modulation: A comprehensive review (2020) Autoimmun Rev, 19, p. 102469; Jones, VG, Mills, M, Suarez, D, COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease: novel virus and novel case (2020) Hosp Pediatr, 10, pp. 537-540; Turnier, JL, Anderson, MS, Heizer, HR, Concurrent respiratory viruses and Kawasaki disease (2015) Pediatrics, 136, p. e609e614; Rowley, AH, Shulman, ST., Pathogenesis and management of Kawasaki disease (2010) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 8, pp. 197-203; Agarwal, S, Agrawal, DK., Kawasaki disease: etiopathogenesis and novel treatment strategies (2017) Expert Rev Clin Immunol, 13, pp. 247-258; Garg, M, Royce, SG, Tikellis, C, Imbalance of the renin-Angiotensin system may contribute to inflammation and fibrosis in IBD: A novel therapeutic target? (2020) Gut, 69, pp. 841-851; Jablaoui, A, Kriaa, A, Mkaouar, H, Fecal serine protease profiling in inflammatory bowel diseases (2020) Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 10, p. 21; Garg, M, Burrell, LM, Velkoska, E, Upregulation of circulating components of the alternative renin-Angiotensin system in inflammatory bowel disease: A pilot study (2015) J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 16, pp. 559-569; Wong, E, Cohen, T, Romi, E, Harnessing the natural inhibitory domain to control TNFa converting enzyme (TACE) activity in vivo (2016) Sci Rep, 6, p. 35598; Belkaid, Y, Hand, TW., Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation (2014) Cell, 157. , 121; Sze, MA, Dimitriu, PA, Hayashi, S, The lung tissue microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2012) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 185, pp. 1073-1080; Gollwitzer, ES, Saglani, S, Trompette, A, Lung microbiota promotes tolerance to allergens in neonates via PD-LNat (2014) Med, 20, pp. 642-647; Enaud, R, Prevel, R, Ciarlo, E, The gut-lung axis in health and respiratory diseases: A place for inter-organ and inter-kingdom crosstalks (2020) Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 10, p. 9; Madan, JC, Koestle, DC, Stanton, BA, Serial analysis of the gut and respiratory microbiome in cystic fibrosis in infancy: interaction between intestinal and respiratory tracts and impact of nutritional exposures (2012) MBio, 3; Huang, Y, Mao, K, Chen, X, S1P-dependent interorgan trafficking of group 2 innate lymphoid cells supports host defense (2018) Science, 359. , 114; Trompette, A, Gollwitzer, ES, Yadava, K, Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis (2014) Nat Med, 20. , 159; Bingula, R, Filaire, M, Radosevic-Robin, N, Desired turbulence? Gut-lung axis, immunity, and lung cancer (2017) J Oncol, 2017, p. 5035371; McAleer, JP, Kolls, JK., Contributions of the intestinal microbiome in lung immunity (2018) Eur J Immunol, 48, pp. 39-49; Wang, J, Li, F, Wei, H, Respiratory influenza virus infection induces intestinal immune injury via microbiota-mediated Th17 cell-dependent inflammation (2014) J Exp Med, 211, pp. 2397-2410; Bradley, KC, Finsterbusch, K, Schnepf, D, Microbiota-driven tonic interferon signals in lung stromal cells protect from influenza virus infection (2019) Cell Rep, 28, p. 245. , 256.e4; Verdecchia, P, Cavallini, C, Spanevello, A, The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection Eur J Intern Med, p. 1. , www.elsevier.com/locate/ejim, 2020: Accessed May 7, 2020; Samuelson, DR, Welsh, DA, Shellito, JE., Regulation of lung immunity and host defense by the intestinal microbiota (2015) Front Microbiol, 6, p. 1085; Huffnagle, GB., The Microbiota and Allergies/Asthma What Is the Evidence Linking Changes in the Microbiota to the Development of Allergic Disease?, , www.plospathogens.org; Mukherjee, S, Hanidziar, D., More of the gut in the lung: how two microbiomes meet in ARDS (2018) Yale J Biol Med, 91. , 143; Gao, QY, Chen, YX, Fang, JY., Novel coronavirus infection and gastrointestinal tract (2019) J Dig Dis, 21, pp. 125-126. , 2020; Grasselli, G, Pesenti, A, Cecconi, M., Critical care utilization for the COVID-19 outbreak in Lombardy, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323, p. 1545; Scaldaferri, F, Pugliese, D, Privitera, G, Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the daily management of biotechnological therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients: reorganisational response in a high-volume Italian inflammatory bowel disease centre (2020) United European Gastroenterol J, , 20doi: May 7; Gralnek, IM, Hassan, C, Beilenhoff, U, ESGE and ESGENA Position Statement on gastrointestinal endoscopy and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Endoscopy, 52, pp. 483-490; Beilenhoff, U, Biering, H, Blum, R, Reprocessing of flexible endoscopes and endoscopic accessories used in gastrointestinal endoscopy: position statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates (ESGENA)-update (2018) 20Endoscopy, 50. , 1205; Peyrin-Biroulet, L, Sandborn, W, Sands, BE, Selecting therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease (STRIDE): determining therapeutic goals for treatto-target (2015) Am J Gastroenterol, 110, pp. 1324-1338; Iacucci, M, Cannatelli, R, Labarile, N, Endoscopy in inflammatory bowel diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, pp. 598-606; Norsa, L, Indriolo, A, Sansotta, N, Uneventful course in IBD patients during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy (2020) Gastroenterology; An, P, Ji, M, Ren, H, Protection of 318 inflammatory bowel disease patients from the outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19 infection in Wuhan, China (2020) SSRN Electron J; Brenner, EJ, Ungaro, RC, Gearry, RB, Corticosteroids, but not TNF antagonists, are associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: results from an international registry Gastroenterology, , 20doi; Ni, YN, Chen, G, Sun, J, The effect of corticosteroids on mortality of patients with influenza pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-Analysis (2019) Crit Care, 23, p. 99; Lee, N, Allen Chan, KC, Hui, DS, Effects of early corticosteroid treatment on plasma SARS-Associated coronavirus RNA concentrations in adult patients (2004) J Clin Virol, 31, pp. 304-309; Arabi, YM, Mandourah, Y, Al-Hameed, F, Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with middle east respiratory syndrome (2018) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 197, pp. 757-767. , Saudi Critical Care Trial Group; Yang, Z, Liu, J, Zhou, Y, The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: A systematic review and meta-Analysis (2020) J Infect; Rubin, DT, Abreu, MT, Rai, V, Management of patients with Crohn s disease and ulcerative colitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of an International Meeting (2020) Gastroenterology; O Connor, A, Qasim, A, O Morain, CA., The long-Term risk of continuous immunosuppression using thioguanides in inflammatory bowel disease (2010) Ther Adv Chronic Dis, 1, p. 716; Danese, S, Cecconi, M, Spinelli, A., Management of IBD during the COVID-19 outbreak: resetting clinical priorities (2020) Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 17, pp. 253-255; Infections Associated With Specific Immunosuppressive Agents in Transplant Recipients, , http://www.antimicrobe.org/new/t34_dw.html#rAccessed, Anon. May 9, 2020; Bowman, LJ, Brueckner, AJ, Doligalski, CT., The role of mTOR inhibitors in the management of viral infections: A review of current literature (2018) Transplantation, 102. , S50; Tanaka, Y, Sato, Y, Sasaki, T., Suppression of Coronavirus replication by cyclophilin inhibitors (2013) Viruses, 5, pp. 1250-1260; Bonovas, S, Fiorino, G, Allocca, M, Biologic therapies and risk of infection and malignancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and network meta-Analysis (2016) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 14. , e10; Mehta, AK, Gracias, DT, Croft, M., TNF activity and T cells (2018) Cytokine, 101, p. 1418; Tursi, A, Angarano, G, Monno, L, COVID-19 infection in Crohn s disease under treatment with adalimumab (2020) Gut, 69, pp. 1364-1365; Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR)-The World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registered Organization Registered Platform, , http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=498Accessed, Anon. May 9, 2020; Ng, SC, Hilmi, IN, Blake, A, Low frequency of opportunistic infections in patients receiving vedolizumab in clinical trials and post-marketing setting (2018) Inflamm Bowel Dis, 24; Ghosh, S, Gensler, LS, Yang, Z, Correction to: ustekinumab safety in psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and Crohn s disease: An integrated analysis of phase II/ III clinical development programs (2019) Drug Saf, 42, p. 809; Sneller, MC, Clarridge, KE, Seamon, C, An open-label phase 1 clinical trial of the anti-a4β7 monoclonal antibody vedolizumab in HIV-infected individuals (2019) Sci Transl Med, 11; Sandborn, WJ, Ghosh, S, Panes, J, Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor, in active ulcerative colitis (2012) N Engl J Med, 367, pp. 616-624. , Study A3921063 Investigators; Wu, D, Yang, XO., TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: An emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor fedratinib (2020) J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 53, pp. 368-370; Mao, R, Liang, J, Shen, J, Implications of COVID-19 for patients with pre-existing digestive diseases (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, pp. 425-427. , Chinese Society of IBD, Chinese Elite IBD Union; Chinese IBD Quality Care Evaluation Center Committee; Ianiro, G, Maida, M, Burisch, J, Efficacy of different faecal microbiota transplantation protocols for Clostridium difficile infection: A systematic review and meta-Analysis (2018) United European Gastroenterol J, 6, pp. 1232-1244; Ianiro, G, Murri, R, Sciume, GD, Incidence of bloodstream infections, length of hospital stay, and survival in patients with recurrent clostridioides difficile infection treated with fecal microbiota transplantation or antibiotics: A prospective cohort study (2019) Ann Intern Med, 171, pp. 695-702; Cammarota, G, Ianiro, G, Kelly, CR, International consensus conference on stool banking for faecal microbiota transplantation in clinical practice (2019) Gut, 68. , 2111; Sani, G, Janiri, D, Di Nicola, M, Mental health during and after the COVID-19 emergency in Italy (2020) Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 74, p. 372; Tapper, EB, Asrani, SK., COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-lasting impact on the quality of cirrhosis care (2020) J Hepatol; Ungaro, RC, Yzet, C, Bossuyt, P, Deep remission at 1 year prevents progression of early Crohn s disease (2020) Gastroenterology IS - 9 J2 - Inflammatory Bowel Dis. KW - immune-mediated disease immunomodulators lung-gut axis microbiota angiotensin converting enzyme 2 corticosteroid immunomodulating agent ustekinumab vedolizumab virus RNA abdominal pain anorexia Article clinical effectiveness clinical feature Clostridium difficile infection coronavirus disease 2019 diarrhea down regulation drug efficacy endoscopy fecal microbiota transplantation gastroenterologist gastrointestinal symptom genetic predisposition human Human immunodeficiency virus infection immunopathology infection sensitivity inflammatory bowel disease intestine intestine flora microflora molecular pathology molecularly targeted therapy nausea nonhuman priority journal protein expression rheumatoid arthritis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 systemic therapy virus transmission vomiting Betacoronavirus complication Coronavirus infection feces gastrointestinal disease gastrointestinal tract pandemic virology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Gastrointestinal Diseases Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral RNA, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: IBDNB Correspondence Address: Armuzzi, A.; CEMAD, Italy; email: alessandro.armuzzi@unicatt.it Chemicals/CAS: ustekinumab, 815610-63-0, 949907-93-1; vedolizumab, 943609-66-3; RNA, Viral PY - 2020 SN - 10780998 (ISSN) SP - 1306-1314 ST - The thrilling journey of sars-cov-2 into the intestine: From pathogenesis to future clinical implications T2 - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases TI - The thrilling journey of sars-cov-2 into the intestine: From pathogenesis to future clinical implications UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089787303&doi=10.1093%2fibd%2fizaa181&partnerID=40&md5=3803f5782b4da6e494ed2fd9660e3a0d VL - 26 ID - 386 ER - TY - JOUR AB - SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has been responsible for over 42 million infections and 1 million deaths since its emergence in December 2019. There are few therapeutic options and no approved vaccines. Here, we examine the properties of highly potent human monoclonal antibodies (hu-mAbs) in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 and in a mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2 MA). Antibody combinations were effective for prevention and in therapy when administered early. However, in vitro antibody neutralization potency did not uniformly correlate with in vivo protection, and some hu-mAbs were more protective in combination in vivo. Analysis of antibody Fc regions revealed that binding to activating Fc receptors contributes to optimal protection against SARS-CoV-2 MA. The data indicate that intact effector function can affect hu-mAb protective activity and that in vivo testing is required to establish optimal hu-mAb combinations for COVID-19 prevention. © 2020 Schäfer et al. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Laboratory of Retrovirology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Muecksch, F. AU - Lorenzi, J. C. C. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Cipolla, M. AU - Bournazos, S. AU - Schmidt, F. AU - Maison, R. M. AU - Gazumyan, A. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Robbiani, D. F. AU - Hatziioannou, T. AU - Ravetch, J. V. AU - Bieniasz, P. D. AU - Bowen, R. A. AU - Nussenzweig, M. C. AU - Sheahan, T. P. C2 - 33211088 C7 - e20201993 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1084/JEM.20201993 IS - 3 J2 - J. Exp. Med. KW - anti-SARS-CoV-2 agent Fc receptor human monoclonal antibody human monoclonal antibody C002 human monoclonal antibody C104 human monoclonal antibody C105 human monoclonal antibody C110 human monoclonal antibody C119 human monoclonal antibody C121 human monoclonal antibody C135 human monoclonal antibody C144 immunoglobulin G immunoglobulin G D265A immunoglobulin G1 immunoglobulin G2b neutralizing antibody unclassified drug monoclonal antibody virus antibody animal cell animal experiment animal model animal tissue antibody response antiviral activity antiviral therapy Article combination drug therapy comparative effectiveness controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug dose comparison drug efficacy drug mechanism drug potency drug receptor binding early intervention effector cell female HT-1080 cell line human human cell IC90 in vitro study in vivo study infection prevention low drug dose monotherapy mouse nonhuman priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Syrian hamster virus load virus neutralization virus replication animal Bagg albino mouse Betacoronavirus cell line Coronavirus infection immunology Mesocricetus pandemic virus pneumonia Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Coronavirus Infections Humans Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :17 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JEMEA Correspondence Address: Nussenzweig, M.C.; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, United States; email: nussen@rockefeller.edu Correspondence Address: Sheahan, T.P.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: sheahan@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: immunoglobulin G, 97794-27-9; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 1U19AI142759, 2U1 9AI111825, P01-AI138398-S1, R01AI137276 Funding details: George Mason University, GMU Funding details: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC-CH Funding details: Rockefeller University Funding text 1: These studies were supported by George Mason University Fast Grants to T.P. Sheahan and M.C. Nussenzweig and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grants to R.S. Baric (1U19AI142759; Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development Center), M.C. Nussenzweig (P01-AI138398-S1, 2U1 9AI111825), S. Bournazos (R01AI137276), and J.V. Ravetch (U19AI111825). M.C. Nussenzweig and P.D. Bieniasz are Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators. The Rockefeller University has utilized the nonclinical and preclinical services program offered by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. This project was supported in part by the North Carolina Policy Collab-oratory at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly. Funding text 2: Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grants to R.S. Baric (1U19AI142759; Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development Center), M.C. Nussenzweig (P01-AI138398-S1, 2U1 9AI111825), S. Bournazos (R01AI137276), and J.V. Ravetch (U19AI111825). M.C. Nussenzweig and P.D. Bieniasz are Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigators. The Rockefeller University has utilized the nonclinical and preclinical services program offered by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. This project was supported in part by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly. References: Barnes, C.O., Jette, C.A., Abernathy, M.E., Dam, K.-M.A., Esswein, S.R., Gristick, H.B., Malyutin, A.G., Lee, Y.E., Structural classification of neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain suggests vaccine and therapeutic strategies bioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.30.273920, 2020a. (Preprint posted August 30, 2020); Barnes, C.O., West, A.P., Huey-Tubman, K.E., Hoffmann, M.A.G., Sharaf, N.G., Hoffman, P.R., Koranda, N., Muecksch, F., Structures of Human Antibodies Bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Reveal Common Epitopes and Recurrent Features of Antibodies (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 828-842. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.025, e16; Baum, A., Fulton, B.O., Wloga, E., Copin, R., Pascal, K.E., Russo, V., Giordano, S., Ni, M., Antibody cocktail to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prevents rapid mutational escape seen with individual antibodies (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1014-1018; Bournazos, S., Klein, F., Pietzsch, J., Seaman, M.S., Nussenzweig, M.C., Ravetch, J.V., Broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies require Fc effector functions for in vivo activity (2014) Cell, 158, pp. 1243-1253. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.08.023; Bournazos, S., Wang, T.T., Dahan, R., Maamary, J., Ravetch, J.V., Signaling by Antibodies: Recent Progress (2017) Annu. Rev. Immunol, 35, pp. 285-311. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-051116-052433; Bournazos, S., DiLillo, D.J., Goff, A.J., Glass, P.J., Ravetch, J.V., Differential requirements for FcγR engagement by protective antibodies against Ebola virus (2019) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 116, pp. 20054-20062. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911842116; Bournazos, S., Gupta, A., Ravetch, J.V., The role of IgG Fc receptors in antibody-dependent enhancement (2020) Nat. Rev. Immunol, 20, pp. 633-643. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00410-0; Cao, Y., Su, B., Guo, X., Sun, W., Deng, Y., Bao, L., Zhu, Q., Geng, C., Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Identified by High-Throughput Single-Cell Sequencing of Convalescent Patients’ B Cells (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 73-84. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.025, e16; Clynes, R.A., Towers, T.L., Presta, L.G., Ravetch, J.V., Inhibitory Fc receptors modulate in vivo cytotoxicity against tumor targets (2000) Nat. Med, 6, pp. 443-446. , https://doi.org/10.1038/74704; Corbett, K.S., Edwards, D.K., Leist, S.R., Abiona, O.M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R.A., Himansu, S., DiPiazza, A.T., SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 567-571. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2622-0; de Wit, E., van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Munster, V.J., SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 14, pp. 523-534. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2016.81; DiLillo, D.J., Tan, G.S., Palese, P., Ravetch, J.V., Broadly neutralizing hemagglutinin stalk-specific antibodies require FcγR interactions for protection against influenza virus in vivo (2014) Nat. Med, 20, pp. 143-151. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3443; DiLillo, D.J., Palese, P., Wilson, P.C., Ravetch, J.V., Broadly neutralizing anti-influenza antibodies require Fc receptor engagement for in vivo protection (2016) J. Clin. Invest, 126, pp. 605-610. , https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI84428; Dinnon, K.H., Leist, S.R., Schäfer, A., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Montgomery, S.A., West, A., Adams, L.E., A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 560-566. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2708-8; Halper-Stromberg, A., Lu, C.L., Klein, F., Horwitz, J.A., Bournazos, S., Nogueira, L., Eisenreich, T.R., Schaefer, U., Broadly neutralizing antibodies and viral inducers decrease rebound from HIV-1 latent reservoirs in humanized mice (2014) Cell, 158, pp. 989-999. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.043; Halstead, S.B., Katzelnick, L., COVID 19 Vaccines: Should we fear ADE? (2020) J. Infect. Dis, p. jiaa518. , https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa518; Hansen, J., Baum, A., Pascal, K.E., Russo, V., Giordano, S., Wloga, E., Fulton, B.O., Patel, K., Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1010-1014; (2020) COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University, , https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, Johns Hopkins University. (Accessed August 28, 2020); Ju, B., Zhang, Q., Ge, J., Wang, R., Sun, J., Ge, X., Yu, J., Song, S., Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 115-119. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2380-z; Laczkó, D., Hogan, M.J., Toulmin, S.A., Hicks, P., Lederer, K., Gaudette, B.T., Castaño, D., Oguin, T.H., A Single Immunization with Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Elicits Strong Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice (2020) Immunity, 53, pp. 724-732. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.019, e7; Letko, M., Marzi, A., Munster, V., Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B beta-coronaviruses (2020) Nat. Microbiol, 5, pp. 562-569. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0688-y; Li, W., Schäfer, A., Kulkarni, S.S., Liu, X., Martinez, D.R., Chen, C., Sun, Z., Zhang, L., High potency of a bivalent human VH domain in SARS-CoV-2 animal models (2020) Cell, 183, pp. 429-441. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.007, e16: E16; Liu, L., Wang, P., Nair, M.S., Yu, J., Rapp, M., Wang, Q., Luo, Y., Figueroa, A., Potent neutralizing antibodies against multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 450-456. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2571-7; Lu, C.L., Murakowski, D.K., Bournazos, S., Schoofs, T., Sarkar, D., Halper-Stromberg, A., Horwitz, J.A., Gazumyan, A., Enhanced clearance of HIV-1-infected cells by broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 in vivo (2016) Science, 352, pp. 1001-1004. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf1279; Mercado, N.B., Zahn, R., Wegmann, F., Loos, C., Chandrashekar, A., Yu, J., Liu, J., Tostanoski, L.H., Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 583-588. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2607-z; Mouquet, H., Klein, F., Scheid, J.F., Warncke, M., Pietzsch, J., Oliveira, T.Y., Velinzon, K., Nussenzweig, M.C., Memory B cell antibodies to HIV-1 gp140 cloned from individuals infected with clade A and B viruses (2011) PLoS One, 6, p. e24078. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0024078; Nimmerjahn, F., Ravetch, J.V., Divergent immunoglobulin g subclass activity through selective Fc receptor binding (2005) Science, 310, pp. 1510-1512. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1118948; Pedersen, N.C., An update on feline infectious peritonitis: virology and immunopathogenesis (2014) Vet. J, 201, pp. 123-132. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.04.017; Pinto, D., Park, Y.J., Beltramello, M., Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Bianchi, S., Jaconi, S., De Marco, A., Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 290-295. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2349-y; Robbiani, D.F., Bozzacco, L., Keeffe, J.R., Khouri, R., Olsen, P.C., Gazumyan, A., Schaefer-Babajew, D., Patel, R., Recurrent Potent Human Neutralizing Antibodies to Zika Virus in Brazil and Mexico (2017) Cell, 169, pp. 597-609. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.024, e11; Robbiani, D.F., Gaebler, C., Muecksch, F., Lorenzi, J.C.C., Wang, Z., Cho, A., Agudelo, M., Finkin, S., Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 437-442. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2456-9; Rogers, T.F., Zhao, F., Huang, D., Beutler, N., Burns, A., He, W.T., Limbo, O., Woehl, J., Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model (2020) Science, 369, pp. 956-963; Schmidt, F., Weisblum, Y., Muecksch, F., Hoffmann, H.H., Michailidis, E., Lorenzi, J.C.C., Mendoza, P., Gaebler, C., Measuring SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity using pseudotyped and chimeric viruses (2020) J. Exp. Med, 217, p. e20201181. , https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201181; Shi, R., Shan, C., Duan, X., Chen, Z., Liu, P., Song, J., Song, T., Wu, L., A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 120-124. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2381-y; (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Issues Emergency Use Authorization for Potential COVID-19 Treatment, , https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-issues-emergency-use-authorizationpotential-covid-19-treatment, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (accessed August 28, 2020); Walls, A.C., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Wall, A., McGuire, A.T., Veesler, D., Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 281-292. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058, e6; Wang, T.T., Sewatanon, J., Memoli, M.J., Wrammert, J., Bournazos, S., Bhaumik, S.K., Pinsky, B.A., Pattanapanyasat, K., IgG antibodies to dengue enhanced for FcγRIIIA binding determine disease severity (2017) Science, 355, pp. 395-398. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aai8128; Wang, B., Asarnow, D., Lee, W.H., Huang, C.W., Faust, B., Ng, P.M.L., Ngoh, E.Z.X., Pizzorno, A., Bivalent binding of a fully human IgG to the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins reveals mechanisms of potent neutralization (2020) bioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.14.203414, (Preprint posted July 15, 2020); Weisblum, Y., Schmidt, F., Zhang, F., Dasilva, J., Poston, D., Lorenzi, J.C.C., Muecksch, F., Michailidis, E., Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants (2020) bioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.21.214759, (Preprint posted July 22, 2020); Zalevsky, J., Chamberlain, A.K., Horton, H.M., Karki, S., Leung, I.W., Sproule, T.J., Lazar, G.A., Desjarlais, J.R., Enhanced antibody half-life improves in vivo activity (2010) Nat. Biotechnol, 28, pp. 157-159. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1601; Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.R., Huang, C.L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7; Zost, S.J., Gilchuk, P., Case, J.B., Binshtein, E., Chen, R.E., Nkolola, J.P., Schäfer, A., Nargi, R.S., Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 443-449. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2548-6; Zost, S.J., Gilchuk, P., Chen, R.E., Case, J.B., Reidy, J.X., Trivette, A., Nargi, R.S., Chen, E.C., Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (2020) Nat. Med, 26, pp. 1422-1427. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0998-x PY - 2020 SN - 00221007 (ISSN) ST - Antibody potency, effector function, and combinations in protection and therapy for SARS-cov-2 infection in vivo T2 - Journal of Experimental Medicine TI - Antibody potency, effector function, and combinations in protection and therapy for SARS-cov-2 infection in vivo UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096509078&doi=10.1084%2fJEM.20201993&partnerID=40&md5=9fb93a647d173bde2976d975e77d0ce6 VL - 218 ID - 540 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, United States Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States AU - Schloss, P. D. AU - Junior, M. AU - Alvania, R. AU - Arias, C. A. AU - Baumler, A. AU - Casadevall, A. AU - Detweiler, C. AU - Drake, H. AU - Gilbert, J. AU - Imperiale, M. J. AU - Lovett, S. AU - Maloy, S. AU - McAdam, A. J. AU - Newton, I. L. G. AU - Sadowsky, M. J. AU - Sandri-Goldin, R. M. AU - Silhavy, T. J. AU - Tontonoz, P. AU - Young, J. A. H. AU - Cameron, C. E. AU - Cann, I. AU - Fuller, A. O. AU - Kozik, A. J. C2 - 32737075 C7 - e00203-20 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1128/CMR.00203-20 IS - 4 J2 - Clin. Microbiol. Rev. KW - penicillin derivative bacterial load behavior coronavirus disease 2019 disease burden Editorial Escherichia coli fungal plant disease health care health disparity human Human immunodeficiency virus infection leadership medical research microbial community microbiological examination microbiology nutrition pseudoscience public health Rhizobiaceae Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 socioeconomics syphilis African American health care disparity prevention and control publication racism African Americans Healthcare Disparities Humans Periodicals as Topic LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CMIRE Correspondence Address: Schloss, P.D.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, United States; email: pschloss@umich.edu References: Boone, A., (2020) One week that shook the world: George Floyd’s death ignited protests far beyond Minneapolis, , https://www.startribune.com/george-floyd-death-ignited-protests-far-beyond-minneapolis-police-minnesota/569930771/, 3 June Star Tribune, Minneapolis, MN; Gardner, H., This is for you, baby’: 22 days of protests are about more than Breonna Taylor (2020) Courier-Journal, , https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2020/06/19/louisville-protests-more-than-breonna-taylor-lmpd-shooting/3213539001/, 20 June Louisville, KY; Peeples, L., What the data say about police brutality and racial bias—and which reforms might work (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 22-24. , https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01846-z; Brandt, AM., Racism and research: the case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1978) Hastings Cent Rep, 8, pp. 21-29. , https://doi.org/10.2307/3561468; Cyrus, E, Clarke, R, Hadley, D, Bursac, Z, Trepka, MJ, Devieux, JG, Bagci, U, Wagner, EF., The impact of COVID-19 on African American communities in the United States, , https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.20096552v1, 19 May 2020. medRxiv; Byrne, BG, McColm, S, McElmurry, SP, Kilgore, PE, Sobeck, J, Sadler, R, Love, NG, Swanson, MS., Prevalence of infection-competent serogroup 6 Legionella pneumophila within premise plumbing in Southeast Michigan (2018) mBio, 9, pp. e00016-e00018. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00016-18; Fettweis, JM, Serrano, MG, Brooks, JP, Edwards, DJ, Girerd, PH, Parikh, HI, Huang, B, Buck, GA., The vaginal microbiome and preterm birth (2019) Nat Med, 25, pp. 1012-1021. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0450-2; Akinbami, LJ, Moorman, JE, Garbe, PL, Sondik, EJ., Status of childhood asthma in the United States, 1980–2007 (2009) Pediatrics, 123, pp. S131-S145. , https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2233C; Tai, DBG, Shah, A, Doubeni, CA, Sia, IG, Wieland, ML., The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on racial and ethnic minorities in the United States (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa815, 20 June; Yancy, CW., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) JAMA, 323, p. 1891. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6548, 15 April; Hallfors, DD, Iritani, BJ, Miller, WC, Bauer, DJ., Sexual and drug behavior patterns and HIV and STD racial disparities: the need for new directions (2007) Am J Public Health, 97, pp. 125-132. , https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.075747; (2003) Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care, , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK220358/, Institute of Medicine Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC; Hoppe, TA, Litovitz, A, Willis, KA, Meseroll, RA, Perkins, MJ, Hutchins, BI, Davis, AF, Santangelo, GM., Topic choice contributes to the lower rate of NIH awards to AfricanAmerican/black scientists (2019) Sci Adv, 5, p. eaaw7238. , https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw7238; (2017) Early African American microbiologists: making contributions/overcoming barriers, , https://www.youtube.com/watch?vYQaOzdcl7gM, ASM Microbe. 3 June YouTube video posted by ASM; Johnson, M., mSphere of Influence: Hiring of underrepresented minority assistant professors in medical school basic science departments has a long way to go (2019) mSphere, 4, pp. e00599-19. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00599-19 PY - 2020 SN - 08938512 (ISSN) SP - 1-4 ST - The asm journals committee values the contributions of black microbiologists T2 - Clinical Microbiology Reviews TI - The asm journals committee values the contributions of black microbiologists UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089126731&doi=10.1128%2fCMR.00203-20&partnerID=40&md5=d5d8312feaebc30b50eefadd6f1940c1 VL - 33 ID - 355 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, United States Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas, Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas, Health Science Center, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States Department of Ecological Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States AU - Schloss, P. D. AU - Junior, M. AU - Alvania, R. AU - Arias, C. A. AU - Baumler, A. AU - Casadevall, A. AU - Detweiler, C. AU - Drake, H. AU - Gilbert, J. AU - Imperiale, M. J. AU - Lovett, S. AU - Maloy, S. AU - McAdam, A. J. AU - Newton, I. L. G. AU - Sadowsky, M. J. AU - Sandri-Goldin, R. M. AU - Silhavy, T. J. AU - Tontonoz, P. AU - Young, J. A. H. AU - Cameron, C. E. AU - Cann, I. AU - Oveta Fuller, A. AU - Kozikv, A. J. C7 - e00833-20 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1128/MRA.00833-20 IS - 32 J2 - Micro. Res. Ann KW - asthma biomedicine Black person career planning community coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic food availability health care access health disparity human infection interview latent syphilis leadership legionnaire disease medical care medical literature medical research microbiology national health organization peer review population research pseudoscience racism responsibility Review scientist sexually transmitted disease socioeconomics United States LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 References: Boone, A., (2020) One week that shook the world: George Floyd's death ignited protests far beyond Minneapolis, , https://www.startribune.com/george-floyd-death-ignited-protests-far-beyond-minneapolis-police-minnesota/569930771/, 3 June Star Tribune, Minneapolis, MN; Gardner, H., This is for you, baby': 22 days of protests are about more than Breonna Taylor (2020) Courier-Journal, , https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/2020/06/19/louisville-protests-more-than-breonna-taylor-lmpd-shooting/3213539001/, 20 June Louisville, KY; Peeples, L., What the data say about police brutality and racial bias-and which reforms might work (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 22-24. , https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01846-z; Brandt, AM., Racism and research: the case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1978) Hastings Cent Rep, 8, pp. 21-29. , https://doi.org/10.2307/3561468; Cyrus, E, Clarke, R, Hadley, D, Bursac, Z, Trepka, MJ, Devieux, JG, Bagci, U, Wagner, EF., The impact of COVID-19 on African American communities in the United States, , https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.15.20096552v1, 19 May 2020. medRxiv; Byrne, BG, McColm, S, McElmurry, SP, Kilgore, PE, Sobeck, J, Sadler, R, Love, NG, Swanson, MS., Prevalence of infection-competent serogroup 6 Legionella pneumophila within premise plumbing in Southeast Michigan (2018) mBio, 9, pp. e00016-e00018. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00016-18; Fettweis, JM, Serrano, MG, Brooks, JP, Edwards, DJ, Girerd, PH, Parikh, HI, Huang, B, Buck, GA., The vaginal microbiome and preterm birth (2019) Nat Med, 25, pp. 1012-1021. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0450-2; Akinbami, LJ, Moorman, JE, Garbe, PL, Sondik, EJ., Status of childhood asthma in the United States, 1980 -2007 (2009) Pediatrics, 123, pp. S131-S145. , https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2233C; Tai, DBG, Shah, A, Doubeni, CA, Sia, IG, Wieland, ML., The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on racial and ethnic minorities in the United States (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa815, 20 June; Yancy, CW., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) JAMA, 323, p. 1891. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6548, 15 April; Hallfors, DD, Iritani, BJ, Miller, WC, Bauer, DJ., Sexual and drug behavior patterns and HIV and STD racial disparities: the need for new directions (2007) Am J Public Health, 97, pp. 125-132. , https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.075747; (2003) Unequal treatment: confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care, , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK220358/, Institute of Medicine Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC; Hoppe, TA, Litovitz, A, Willis, KA, Meseroll, RA, Perkins, MJ, Hutchins, BI, Davis, AF, Santangelo, GM., Topic choice contributes to the lower rate of NIH awards to African-American/black scientists (2019) Sci Adv, 5, p. eaaw7238. , https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw7238; (2017) Early African American microbiologists: making contributions/overcoming barriers, , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQaOzdcl7gM, ASM Microbe. 3 June YouTube video posted by ASM; Johnson, M., mSphere of Influence: Hiring of underrepresented minority assistant professors in medical school basic science departments has a long way to go (2019) mSphere, 4, pp. e00599-19. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00599-19 PY - 2020 SN - 2576098X (ISSN) ST - The ASM journals committee values the contributions of black microbiologists T2 - Microbiology Resource Announcements TI - The ASM journals committee values the contributions of black microbiologists UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089848704&doi=10.1128%2fMRA.00833-20&partnerID=40&md5=32f03b1ec84d28ceb524143a8d2df431 VL - 9 ID - 422 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Population Sciences, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Phys. and Surg., Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States Division of Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Schrag, D. AU - Hershman, D. L. AU - Basch, E. C2 - 32282023 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jama.2020.6236 32066541; Onder, G., Rezza, G., Brusaferro, S., Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy JAMA, , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2020.4683, Published online March 23, 2020. doi: 32203977; (2012) Ten Things Physicians Should Question, , https://www.choosingwisely.org/societies/american-society-of-clinical-oncology, Released April 4, Last reviewed 2019. Accessed April 4, 2020; Le Gouill, S., Thieblemont, C., Oberic, L., LYSA Group. LYSA Group. Rituximab after autologous stem-cell transplantation in mantle-cell lymphoma (2017) N Engl J Med, 377 (13), pp. 1250-1260. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1701769, doi: 28953447; Curtis, J.R., Kross, E.K., Stapleton, R.D., The importance of addressing advance care planning and decisions about do-not-resuscitate orders during novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2019) JAMA, , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2020.4894, Published online March 27, 2020. doi: 32219360 IS - 20 J2 - JAMA KW - antineoplastic agent adjuvant therapy breast cancer cancer screening cancer survival clinical practice colorectal cancer coronavirus disease 2019 emergency health service health care access health care delivery health care disparity health care planning human immune deficiency infection risk interpersonal communication lifespan medical decision making mortality risk multiple cycle treatment oncologist oncology pandemic patient safety priority journal quality of life risk benefit analysis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Short Survey telemedicine therapy delay Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection neoplasm procedures time factor virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Health Workforce Humans Medical Oncology Neoplasms Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Time Factors LA - English M3 - Short Survey N1 - Cited By :79 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAMAA Correspondence Address: Schrag, D.; Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, United States; email: deb-schrag@dfci.harvard.edu Funding details: American Association for Cancer Research, AACR Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI Funding details: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, PCORI Funding text 1: reported receiving grants from the National Cancer Institute, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, and the American Association for Cancer Research; receiving personal fees from Pfizer; and receiving nonfinancial support from Grail. Dr Basch reported receiving grants from the National Cancer Institute and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; and receiving personal fees from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, the Research Triangle Institute, CareVive Systems, Sivan Healthcare, Navigating Cancer, and Self Care Catalysts. No other disclosures were reported. PY - 2020 SN - 00987484 (ISSN) SP - 2005-2006 ST - Oncology Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic T2 - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association TI - Oncology Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083162326&doi=10.1001%2fjama.2020.6236&partnerID=40&md5=c5a33658cda396cca455f06bf23be0e7 VL - 323 ID - 497 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Research Center, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq Independent Researcher, Ph.D. of Psychology, Tehran, Iran Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC, United States AU - Seidi, P. A. M. AU - Ardebil, M. D. AU - Jaff, D. C2 - 32408247 C7 - 102151 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102151 J2 - Asian J. Psychiatry KW - Article coronavirus disease 2019 distress syndrome human mental disease mental health service pandemic priority journal psychological well-being psychotrauma public health message war attitude to health Coronavirus infection health promotion Iraq social media virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Humans Mental Disorders Mental Health Services Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Psychological Distress LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Seidi, P.A.M.; Research Center, Iraq; email: Pegah.am.seidi@garmian.edu.krd References: Hopman, J., Allegranzi, B., Mehtar, S.H., Managing COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries (2020) JAMA, , https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2763372, Published online March 16, 2020; Qudrat, N., Jaff, D., Social media as an effective therapeutic tool for addressing obsessive-compulsive disorder: a case study (2018) Med. Conflict Survivors, 34, pp. 152-157. , https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13623699.2018.1527882?journalCode=fmcs20; Sadik, S., Bradley, M., Al-Hasoon, S., Jenkins, R., Public perception of mental health in Iraq (2010) Int. J. Ment. Health Syst., 4 (26). , http://www.ijmhs.com/content/4/1/26; Shia, W., Hall, B.J., What can we do for people exposed to multiple traumatic events during the coronavirus pandemic (2020) Asian J. Psychiatry, 51; Wang, C., Horby, P.W., Hayden, F.G., Gao, F.G., A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 470-473. , https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30185-9/fulltext; WHO, Department of mental health and substance use (2020) Mental Health and Psychosocial Considerations during the COVID-19 Outbreak, , https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf, [www. Document] URL; WHO, Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report 92 (2020), https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200421-sitrep-92-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=38e6b06d_4, [www. Document] URL Date accessed: April 22, 2020; Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zang, L., Zang, Q., Cheung, T., Chee, H., Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed (2020) Lancet Psychiatry, 7 (3), pp. 228-229. , https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(20)30046-8/fulltext; Yao, H., Chen, J.-H., Xu, Y.-F., Rethinking online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 epidemic (2020) Asian J. Psychiatry, 50; Zandifar, A., Badrfam, R., Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic (2020) Asian J. Psychiatry, 51 PY - 2020 SN - 18762018 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19 pandemic: New challenge to securing mental well-being in conflict settings T2 - Asian Journal of Psychiatry TI - COVID-19 pandemic: New challenge to securing mental well-being in conflict settings UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084365951&doi=10.1016%2fj.ajp.2020.102151&partnerID=40&md5=bd40ef46cd7e60406be75e3156427ba2 VL - 51 ID - 491 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Center for Gerontology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland School of Social Work, Institute for Integration and Participation, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Center for Aging Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Centre for Innovative Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark AU - Seifert, A. AU - Batsis, J. A. AU - Smith, A. C. C7 - 601595 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2020.601595 J2 - Front. Public Health KW - COVID-19 long-term care nursing care older adults telehealth telemedicine LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Seifert, A.; Center for Gerontology, Switzerland; email: alexander.seifert@fhnw.ch Correspondence Address: Seifert, A.; School of Social Work, Switzerland; email: alexander.seifert@fhnw.ch Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, K23AG051681, R01-AG067416 Funding details: National Institute on Aging, NIA Funding text 1: JB was supported in part by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K23AG051681 and R01-AG067416. References: Hwang, T.-J., Rabheru, K., Peisah, C., Reichman, W., Ikeda, M., Loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Int Psychogeriatr, , 32450943, [Epub ahead of print]; Kivi, M., Hansson, I., Bjälkebring, P., Up and about: older adults' wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Swedish longitudinal study (2020) J Gerontol Ser B, , 32599622, [Epub ahead of print]; Comas-Herrera, A., Zalakain, J., (2020) Mortality Associated With COVID-19 Outbreaks in Care Homes: Early International Evidence, , https://ltccovid.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Mortality-associated-with-COVID-3-May-final-5.pdf, (,) Available online at:, (accessed May 11, 2020; (2020) Older Adults, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/older-adults.html, (,) Available online at:, (accessed April 23, 2020; Hollander, J.E., Carr, B.G., Virtually perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1679-1681. , 32160451; Lurie, N., Carr, B.G., The role of telehealth in the medical response to disasters (2018) JAMA Intern Med, 178, p. 745. , 29710200; Tozzi, A.E., Gesualdo, F., D'Ambrosio, A., Pandolfi, E., Agricola, E., Lopalco, P., Can digital tools be used for improving immunization programs? (2016) Front Public Health, 4, p. 36. , 27014673; Woodall, T., Ramage, M., LaBruyere, J.T., McLean, W., Tak, C.R., Telemedicine services during COVID-19: considerations for medically underserved populations (2020) J Rural Health, , 32613657, [Epub ahead of print]; Batsis, J.A., DiMilia, P.R., Seo, L.M., Fortuna, K.L., Kennedy, M.A., Blunt, H.B., Effectiveness of ambulatory telemedicine care in older adults: a systematic review (2019) J Am Geriatr Soc, 67, pp. 1737-1749. , 31066916; Seifert, A., Cotten, S.R., Xie, B., A double burden of exclusion? Digital and social exclusion of older adults in times of COVID-19 (2020) J Gerontol Soc Sci, , 32672332, [Epub ahead of print]; Zhai, Y., A call for addressing barriers to telemedicine: health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Psychother Psychosom, , 32498070, [Epub ahead of print]; Zhou, X., Snoswell, C.L., Harding, L.E., Bambling, M., Edirippulige, S., Bai, X., The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from COVID-19 (2020) Telemed E-Health, 26, pp. 377-379. , 32202977; Wosik, J., Fudim, M., Cameron, B., Gellad, Z.F., Cho, A., Phinney, D., Telehealth transformation: COVID-19 and the rise of virtual care (2020) J Am Med Inform Assoc, 27, pp. 957-962. , 32311034; Lam, K., Lu, A.D., Shi, Y., Covinsky, K.E., Assessing telemedicine unreadiness among older adults in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) JAMA Intern Med, , 32744593, [Epub ahead of print]; Seifert, A., Rössel, J., Digital participation (2020) Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging, pp. 1-5. , Gu D., Dupre M.E., (eds), Cham, Springer International Publishing, In:, editors., :, p; Robinson, L., Schulz, J., Khilnani, A., Ono, H., Cotten, S.R., McClain, N., Digital inequalities in time of pandemic: COVID-19 exposure risk profiles and new forms of vulnerability (2020) First Monday, , [Epub ahead of print]; Xie, B., Charness, N., Fingerman, K., Kaye, J., Kim, M.T., Khurshid, A., When going digital becomes a necessity: ensuring older adults' needs for information, services, and social inclusion during COVID-19 (2020) J Aging Soc Policy, , 32507061, [Epub ahead of print]; Beaunoyer, E., Dupéré, S., Guitton, M.J., COVID-19 and digital inequalities: reciprocal impacts and mitigation strategies (2020) Comput Hum Behav, 111, p. 106424. , 32398890; Seifert, A., Cotten, S.R., In care and digitally savvy? Modern ICT use in long-term care institutions (2020) Educ Gerontol, 46, pp. 473-485; Seifert, A., Doh, M., Wahl, H.-W., They also do it: internet use by older adults living in residential care facilities (2017) Educ Gerontol, 43, pp. 451-461; Berkowsky, R.W., Rikard, R.V., Cotten, S.R., Signing off: predicting discontinued ICT usage among older adults in assisted and independent living (2015) Human Aspects of IT for the Aged Population. Design for Everyday Life, pp. 389-398. , Zhou J., Salvendy J., (eds), Cham, Springer International Publishing, In:, editors., :, p; Schlomann, A., Seifert, A., Zank, S., Rietz, C., Assistive technology and mobile ICT usage among oldest-old cohorts: comparison of the oldest-old in private homes and in long-term care facilities (2020) Res Aging, 42, pp. 163-173. , 32167019; Francis, J., Rikard, R.V., Cotten, S.R., Kadylak, T., Does ICT Use matter? How information and communication technology use affects perceived mattering among a predominantly female sample of older adults residing in retirement communities (2019) Inf Commun Soc, 22, pp. 1281-1294; Rikard, R.V., Berkowsky, R.W., Cotten, S.R., Discontinued information and communication technology usage among older adults in continuing care retirement communities in the United States (2018) Gerontology, 64, pp. 188-200. , 29130976; Moyle, W., Jones, C., Murfield, J., Dwan, T., Ownsworth, T., “We don't even have Wi-Fi”: a descriptive study exploring current use and availability of communication technologies in residential aged care (2018) Contemp Nurse, 54, pp. 35-43. , 29185380; Powell, K.R., Alexander, G.L., Madsen, R., Deroche, C., A national assessment of access to technology among nursing home residents: a secondary analysis (2019) JMIR Aging, 2, p. e11449. , 31518285; Konttila, J., Siira, H., Kyngäs, H., Lahtinen, M., Elo, S., Kääriäinen, M., Healthcare professionals' competence in digitalisation: a systematic review (2019) J Clin Nurs, 28, pp. 745-761. , 30376199; O'Sullivan, J.L., Gellert, P., Hesse, B., Jordan, L.-M., Möller, S., Voigt-Antons, J.-N., Exploring attitudes of healthcare professionals towards ICT-based interventions for nursing home residents with dementia: a mixed-methods approach (2018) Contemp Nurse, 54, pp. 13-25. , 29279003; Edirippulige, S., Martin-Khan, M., Beattie, E., Smith, A.C., Gray, L.C., A systematic review of telemedicine services for residents in long term care facilities (2013) J Telemed Telecare, 19, pp. 127-132. , 23612520; Lyketsos, C.G., Roques, C., Hovanec, L., Jones, B.N., Telemedicine use and the reduction of psychiatric admissions from a long-term care facility (2001) J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 14, pp. 76-79. , 11419571; Bashshur, R., Doarn, C.R., Frenk, J.M., Kvedar, J.C., Woolliscroft, J.O., Telemedicine and the COVID-19 pandemic, lessons for the future (2020) Telemed J E Health, 26, pp. 571-573. , 32275485; Seifert, A., Ackermann, T., (2020) Digitalisierung in Institutionen für Menschen im Alter, , Zürich, Zentrum für Gerontologie; König, R., Seifert, A., Doh, M., Internet use among older Europeans: an analysis based on SHARE data (2018) Univers Access Inf Soc, 17, pp. 621-633; Goffman, E., (1961) Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates, , New York, NY, Anchor Books; Edirippulige, S., Brooks, P., Carati, C., Wade, V.A., Smith, A.C., Wickramasinghe, S., It's important, but not important enough: eHealth as a curriculum priority in medical education in Australia (2018) J Telemed Telecare, 24, pp. 697-702. , 30343657; Nimrod, G., The benefits of and constraints to participation in seniors' online communities (2014) Leis Stud, 33, pp. 247-266; Czaja, S.J., Boot, W.R., Charness, N., Rogers, W.A., (2019) Designing for Older Adults: Principles and Creative Human Factors Approaches, , Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press; Ohannessian, R., Duong, T.A., Odone, A., Global telemedicine implementation and integration within health systems to fight the COVID-19 pandemic: a call to action (2020) JMIR Public Health Surveill, , 32238336, [Epub ahead of print]; Armfield, N.R., Edirippulige, S.K., Bradford, N., Smith, A.C., Telemedicine — is the cart being put before the horse? (2014) Med J Aust, 200, pp. 530-533. , 24835716; de Beurs, D., van Bruinessen, I., Noordman, J., Friele, R., van Dulmen, S., Active involvement of end users when developing web-based mental health interventions (2017) Front Psychiatry, 8, p. 72. , 28515699; Clemensen, J., Rothmann, M.J., Smith, A.C., Caffery, L.J., Danbjorg, D.B., Participatory design methods in telemedicine research (2017) J Telemed Telecare, 23, pp. 780-785; Smith, A.C., Thomas, E., Snoswell, C.L., Haydon, H., Mehrotra, A., Clemensen, J., Telehealth for global emergencies: implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) J Telemed Telecare, 26, pp. 309-313. , 32196391; Marston, H.R., Musselwhite, C., Hadley, R., COVID-19 vs social isolation: the impact technology can have on communities, social connections and citizens (2020) British Society of Gerontology. Ageing Issues, , https://ageingissues.wordpress.com/2020/03/18/covid-19-vs-social-isolation-the-impact-technology-can-have-on-communities-social-connections-and-citizens/, (,) :, (accessed June 2, 2020; Armfield, N.R., Gray, L.C., Smith, A.C., Clinical use of Skype: a review of the evidence base (2012) J Telemed Telecare, 18, pp. 125-127. , 22362829; Delgoshaei, B., Mobinizadeh, M., Mojdekar, R., Afzal, E., Arabloo, J., Mohamadi, E., Telemedicine: a systematic review of economic evaluations (2017) Med J Islam Republic Iran, 31, pp. 754-761. , 29951414; Wade, V.A., Karnon, J., Elshaug, A.G., Hiller, J.E., A systematic review of economic analyses of telehealth services using real time video communication (2010) BMC Health Serv Res, 10, p. 233. , 20696073; Eze, N.D., Mateus, C., Cravo Oliveira Hashiguchi, T., Telemedicine in the OECD: an umbrella review of clinical and cost-effectiveness, patient experience and implementation (2020) PLoS ONE, 15, p. e0237585. , 32790752; Bhaskar, S., Bradley, S., Chattu, V.K., Adisesh, A., Nurtazina, A., Kyrykbayeva, S., Telemedicine as the new outpatient clinic gone digital: position paper from the pandemic health system REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) International Consortium (Part 2) (2020) Front Public Health, 8, p. 410. , 33014958 PY - 2020 SN - 22962565 (ISSN) ST - Telemedicine in Long-Term Care Facilities During and Beyond COVID-19: Challenges Caused by the Digital Divide T2 - Frontiers in Public Health TI - Telemedicine in Long-Term Care Facilities During and Beyond COVID-19: Challenges Caused by the Digital Divide UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095709853&doi=10.3389%2ffpubh.2020.601595&partnerID=40&md5=03ddda41983a150d22c9c05bb9b6933c VL - 8 ID - 317 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has led policy makers to expand traditional public health surveillance to take advantage of new technologies, such as tracking apps, to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This article explores the human rights dimensions of how these new surveillance technologies are being used and assesses the extent to which they entail legitimate restrictions to a range of human rights, including the rights to health, life, and privacy. We argue that human rights offer a crucial framework for protecting the public from regulatory overreach by ensuring that digital health surveillance does not undermine fundamental features of democratic society. First, we describe the surveillance technologies being used to address COVID-19 and reposition these technologies within the evolution of public health surveillance tools and the emergence of discussions concerning the compatibility of such tools with human rights. We then evaluate the potential human rights implications of the surveillance tools being used today by analyzing the extent to which they pass the tests of necessity and proportionality enshrined in international human rights law. We conclude by recommending ways in which the harmful human rights effects associated with these technologies might be reduced and public trust in their use enhanced. Copyright © 2020 Sekalala, Dagron, Forman, and Meier. AD - Associate Professor of Global Health Law at the University of Warwick, United Kingdom Law Professor at the Faculties of Law and Medicine at the University of Geneva, Switzerland Canada Research Chair Tier 2 in Human Rights and Global Health Equity at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, Canada Associate Professor of Global Health Policy at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Sekalala, S. AU - Dagron, S. AU - Forman, L. AU - Meier, B. M. C2 - 33390688 DB - Scopus IS - 2 J2 - Health Hum Rights KW - health survey human human rights mobile application technology COVID-19 Humans Mobile Applications Public Health Surveillance SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 21504113 (ISSN) SP - 7-20 ST - Analyzing the Human Rights Impact of Increased Digital Public Health Surveillance during the COVID-19 Crisis T2 - Health and human rights TI - Analyzing the Human Rights Impact of Increased Digital Public Health Surveillance during the COVID-19 Crisis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099269849&partnerID=40&md5=28bcb1611f344a2f61b185784bbaf8e2 VL - 22 ID - 251 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To mitigate the spread of COVID-19, governments throughout the world have introduced emergency measures that constrain individual freedoms, social and economic rights and global solidarity. These regulatory measures have closed schools, workplaces and transit systems, cancelled public gatherings, introduced mandatory home confinement and deployed large-scale electronic surveillance. In doing so, human rights obligations are rarely addressed, despite how significantly they are impacted by the pandemic response. The norms and principles of human rights should guide government responses to COVID-19, with these rights strengthening the public health response to COVID-19. © AD - Warwick Law School, University of Warwick, West Midlands, United Kingdom Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Graduate Studies, Osgoode Hall Law School, Toronto, ON, Canada Global Strategy Lab, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Sekalala, S. AU - Forman, L. AU - Habibi, R. AU - Meier, B. M. C7 - e003359 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003359 IS - 9 J2 - BMJ Glob. Health KW - diseases disorders health policy infections injuries public health respiratory infections LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Meier, B.M.; Department of Public Policy, United States; email: meierb@email.unc.edu References: Mann, J.M., Gruskin, S., Grodin, M.A., (1999) Health and Human Rights: A Reader, pp. 11-18. , New York Routledge; (1993) World Conference on Human Rights. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, , United nations General assembly. un doc A/CONF 157/2312; (1984) Commission on Human Rights. Siracusa Principles on the Limitation and Derogation Provisions in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, , New York; Guterres, A., (2020) We Are All in This Together: Human Rights and COVID-19 Response and Recovery, , https://www.un.org/en/un-coronavirus-communications-Team/we-Are-All-Together-humanrights-And-covid-19-response-And, [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; Joles, B., (2020) Voices from Hubei, , https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/02/voiceshubei-weeks-lockdown-200207075046551.html, two weeks into coronavirus lockdown [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; Kaplan, J., Frias, L., McFall-Johnsen, M., A Third of the Global Population Is on Coronavirus Lockdown-here's Our Constantly Updated List of Countries and Restrictions, , https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/a-Third-of-The-globalpopulation-is-on-coronavirus-lockdown-x2014-hereaposs-ourconstantly-updated-list-of-countries-And-restrictions/slidelist/75208623.cms, Business Insider. Available [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; (2020) Government Gazette, , https://gazette.legislation.nsw.gov.au/so/download.w3p?id=Gazette-2020-2020-65.pdf, No 65 of 30 March 2020 Nsw legislation; Human Rights Watch, , https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/27/india-covid-19-lockdown-puts-poor-risk, India: COVID-19 Lockdown puts poor at risk 2020 [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; Kwalimwa, D., (2020) Uganda: Police Shoot Two on Bodaboda for Defying Museveni COVID-19 Order, , https://allafrica.com/stories/202003300087.html, [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; Quinn, C., Hungary's Orban Given Power to Rule by Decree with No End Date, , https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/03/31/hungarysorban-given-power-To-rule-by-decree-with-no-end-date, [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; Gonzalez Cabrera, C., (2020) Panama's Gender-Based Quarantine Ensnares Trans Woman, , https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/04/02/panamas-gender-based-quarantine-ensnares-Trans-woman, [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; (2020) Human Rights Watch Myanmar: Hundreds Jailed for Covid-19 Violations, , https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/28/myanmar-hundreds-jailed-covid-19-violations, [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; Rainsford, S., (2020) Russia Includes Jail Terms to Enforce Crackdown, , https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52109892, [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; Ganguly, M., (2020) Nepal Abandons Migrant Workers in Fight against COVID-19, , https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/03/31/nepal-Abandons-migrant-workers-fight-Against-covid-19, [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; Quinley, C., (2020) Thais Left Stranded Overseas Slam Coronavirus Policy Confusion, , https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/04/thais-left-stranded-overseas-slam-coronavirus-policy-confusion-200416072630213.html, [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; European Court of Human Rights, , https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Convention-ENG.pdf, European Convention on Human Rights, Article 15 2 [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, , https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CCPR.aspx, Article 4 2 1976 [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; (2001) General Comment, , http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2fPPRiCAqhKb7yhsjYoiCfMKoIRv2FVaVzRkMjTnjRO%2bfud3cPVrcM9YR0iix4, 9nlF OsUP O4oTG7R%2fo7TSsorhtwUUG% 2by2 Ptsl Yr5B ldM8 DN9s hT8B 8NpbsC% 2b7b ODxK R6zd ESeX KjiLnNU% 2bgQ% 3d% 3d [Accessed 8 Aug 29 states of emergency article 42020]; http://kenyalaw.org/caselaw/cases/view/192748, Law Society of Kenya v Hillary Mutyambai Inspector General National Policy Service & 4 others. Petition 120 of 2020 Covid 025 2020. Available/[Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; (2020), https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/332265, World Health Organization Digital tools for COVID-19 contact tracing: Annex: contact tracing in the context of COVID-19; (2020), https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/ensuring-data-privacy-As-we-battle-covid-19-36c2f31e, OECD Ensuring data privacy as we battle COVID-19 Accessed 8 Aug 2020; Chachko, E., (2020) The Israeli Supreme Court Checks COVID-19 Electronic Surveillance, , https://www.lawfareblog.com/israelisupreme-court-checks-covid-19-electronic-surveillance, [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; Fahim, K., Kim, M.J., Hendrix, S., (2020) Cellphone Monitoring Is Spreading with the Coronavirus. so Is An Uneasy Tolerance of Surveillance, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/cellphonemonitoring-is-spreading-with-The-coronavirus-so-is-An-uneasytolerance-of-surveillance/2020/05/02/56f14466-7b55-11ea-A311-Adb1344719a9-story.html, [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; (2020), http://privacyinternational.org/examples/3417/chinaalipay-health-code-App-controls-movement-china, China: Alipay health code APP controls movement in China [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; Beaunoyer, E., Dupéré, S., Guitton, M.J., COVID-19 and digital inequalities: Reciprocal impacts and mitigation strategies.comput (2020) Human Behav, 111, p. 106424; Rodriguez-Ferrand, G., (2020) Argentina Regulating Electronic Means to Fight the Spread of COVID-19, pp. 5-10. , https://www.loc.gov/law/help/coronavirus-Apps/coronavirus-Apps.pdf, New York: Law Library of Congress; Silver, L., (2019) Smartphone Ownership Is Growing Rapidly around the World, but Not Always Equally, , https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/02/05/smartphone-ownership-is-growing-rapidlyaround-The-world-but-not-Always-equally, Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes Project [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; Jaime, M., (2020) Argentina: 4 Million People Live in Precarious Conditions, , https://latinamericanpost.com/32361-Argentina-4-million-people-live-in-precarious-conditions, [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; Ní Aoláin, F., (2018) Promotion and Protection of All Human Rights, Civil, Political, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, including the Right to Development, , https://primarysources.brillonline.com/browse/human-rights-documents-online/promotionand-protection-of-All-human-rights-civil-political-economicsocial-And-cultural-rights-including-The-right-To-development.hrdhrd99702016149, [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; Mit Technology Review Covid Tracing Tracker, , https://www.technologyreview.com/tag/covid-Tracing-Tracker, [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; (2019), https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Privacy/SR-Privacy/UNSRPhealthrelateddataRecCLEAN.pdf, Un special Rapporteur on the right to privacy Task force on privacy and protection of health-related data. recommendation on the protection and use of health-related data [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; Farha, L., (2020) COVID-19 Guidance Note Protection for Those Living in Homelessness, , http://unhousingrapp.org/user/pages/07.press-room/Guidance%20Note%20Homelessness%20Actual%20Final%202%20April%202020[2].pdf, [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; Yamin, A.E., Habibi, R., (2020) Human Rights and Coronavirus: What's at Stake for Truth Trust and Democracy?, , https://www.hhrjournal.org/2020/03/human-rights-And-coronaviruswhats-At-stake-for-Truth-Trust-And-democracy, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; Constitution of the world Health organization 1946 July 22, 14 UNTS 185; https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html, Un General assembly, universal Declaration of human rights, 10 December 1948 217 A III [Accessed 1 Apr 2020]; (1946) Constitution of the World Health Organization, , https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/PDF/bd47/EN/constitution-en.pdf?ua=1, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; (1948), Un General assembly, universal Declaration of human rights 10 December217 A III; African charter on human and peoples rights adopted by the organisation of African unity 27 June 1981, entered into forced 21 October 1986; (1999) Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights "Protocol of San Salvador, , 16 November A-52 OAS TS 69, article 10; International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), , European Social Charter adopted by the Council of Europe; the, UN 1969: Article 5. e. iv; Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), , un 1979: Article 12.1-2; Convention on the rights of the child (CRC) un 1989: Article 24.1; Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities (CRPD) un 2008: Articles 9 25 and 26; (1976), https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Article 12(1) and 12 2. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; (2020), https://www.refworld.org/pdfid/4538838d0.pdf, Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. General Comment 14: The right to the highest attainable, paras; Hunter, D.J., Covid-19 and the stiff upper lip-The pandemic response in the united kingdom (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, p. e31; Vize, R., How the erosion of our public health system hobbled England's covid-19 response (2020) Bmj, 369, p. m1934; Prante, F.J., Bramucci, A., Truger, A., Decades of tight fiscal policy have left the health care system in Italy Ill-Prepared to fight the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Inter Econ, 55, pp. 147-152; Legido-Quigley, H., Mateos-García, J.T., Campos, V.R., The resilience of the Spanish health system against the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5, pp. e251-e252; Basu, R., (2020) How the United States Flunked the COVID-19 Test: Some Observations and Several Lessons, , The American Review of Public Administration; Maani, N., Galea, S., COVID-19 and Underinvestment in the public health infrastructure of the United States (2020) Milbank Q, 98, pp. 250-259; Yates, R., (2020) The COVID-19 Era, Healthcare Should Be Universal and Free, , https://www.chathamhouse.org/expert/comment/covid-19-era-healthcare-should-be-universal-And-free, [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; Gage, A., Bauhoff, S., Health Systems in Low-income Countries Will Struggle to Protect Health Workers from COVID-19. Center for Global Development, , https://www.cgdev.org/blog/healthsystems-low-income-countries-will-struggle-protect-health-workerscovid-19, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; (2020), https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un-comprehensive-response-To-covid-19-june-2020.pdf, United Nations Comprehensive Response to COVID-19 Saving lives, protecting societies, recovering better [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; Siegfried, K., (2020) Unhcr Refugee Brief-27 March 2020, , https://www.unhcr.org/refugeebrief/the-refugee-brief-27-march-2020, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; Puras, D., De Mesquita, J.B., Cabal, L., The right to health must guide responses to COVID-19 (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1888-1890; Payne, A., (2020) Spain Has Nationalized All of Its Private Hospitals As the Country Goes into Coronavirus Lockdown, , https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-spain-nationalises-privatehospitals-emergency-covid-19-lockdown-2020-3, [Accessed 7 Aug 2020]; (2020) Nhs Strikes Major Deal to Expand Hospital Capacity to Battle Coronavirus, , https://www.england.nhs.uk/2020/03/nhs-strikes-major-deal-To-expand-hospital-capacity-To-battlecoronavirus, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; Shadmi, E., Chen, Y., Dourado, I., Health equity and COVID-19: Global perspectives (2020) Int J Equity Health, 19, p. 104; Holpuch, A., (2020) Profit over People Cost over Care: America's Broken Healthcare Exposed by Virus, , https://www.Theguardian.com/us-news/2020/apr/16/profit-over-people-costover-care-Americas-broken-healthcare-exposed-by-virus, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; Leonhardt, M., (2020) Uninsured Americans Could Be Facing Nearly 75 000 in Medical Bills if Hospitalized for Coronavirus, , https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/01/covid-19-hospital-bills-couldcost-uninsured-Americans-up-To-75000.html, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; (2020), https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-dgreports/-dcomm/documents/briefingnote/wcms-749399.pdf, ILO Monitor COVID-19 and the world of work-Fifth edition [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; Meier, B.M., Evans, D., Phelan, A., Rights-Based approaches to preventing, detecting, and responding to infectious disease (2020) Infectious Diseases in the New Millennium, 82, pp. 217-253; Alon, T., Doepke, M., Olmstead-Rumsey, J., (2020) The Impact of COVID-19 on Gender Equality, , National Bureau of Economic Research; Wenham, C., Smith, J., Morgan, R., COVID-19: The gendered impacts of the outbreak (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 846-848; Parmar, I., Shah, A., Who Will Foot the Bill for COVID-19 Bailouts? The Much-derided Public Sector, , https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2020/05/15/who-will-foot-The-bill-for-covid-19-bailoutsthe-much-derided-public-sector, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; Gentilini, U., Almenfi, M., Dale, P., (2020) Social Protection and Jobs Responses to COVID-19: A Real-Time Review of Country Measures, , https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33635, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; https://www.gov.uk/coronavirus/business-support, GOV.UK. Coronavirus COVID-19 business support [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; (2020) COVID-19 Wage Subsidy Extension-Work and Income, , https://www.workandincome.govt.nz/covid-19/wage-subsidy-extension/index.html, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020] New Zealand Government; Australian Taxation Office Support for Businesses and Employers, , https://www.ato.gov.au/General/COVID-19/Support-forbusinesses-And-employers/?default, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; McMurtry, A., (2020) Spain Announces a 220B Stimulus Package, , https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/spain-Announces-A-220b-stimulus-package/1769513, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; International Monetary Fund Policy Responses to COVID-19, , https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-And-covid19/Policy-Responses-To-COVID-19, [Accessed 31 Jul 2020]; (2020) Malawi's Cash Handouts and the Row about a Coronavirus Lockdown, , https://www.bbc.com/news/world-Africa-52471276, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020] BBC News; https://malawilii.org/mw/judgment/high-court-general-division/2020/8, S v President of Malawi and Others. Ex Parte: Kathumba and Others (Judicial Review Cause 22 of 2020) [2020] MWHC 7 (17 April 2020); The State on the application of Kathumba & Ors v The President & Ors (Judicial Review Cause No. 22 of 2020) [2020] MWHC 8 28 April 2020); (2020), https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/03/1060042, UN News Water access critical to beating back COVID-19 spread in slum areas [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; (2020), https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sg-report-socioeconomic-impact-of-covid19.pdf, United Nations Shared responsibility global solidarity: responding to the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; Donnelly, L., (2020) Parallel Export' of Essential Drugs Banned to Protect Uk in Coronavirus Outbreak, , https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/03/20/parallel-export-essential-drugs-bannedprotect-uk-coronavirus, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; (2020) Eu Moves to Limit Exports of Medical Equipment Outside the Bloc Politico, , https://www.politico.eu/article/coronavirus-eu-limit-exports-medical-equipment, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; (2020) Memorandum on Allocating Certain Scarce or Threatened Health and Medical Resources to Domestic Use the White House, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-Actions/memorandum-Allocating-certain-scarce-Threatened-health-medicalresources-domestic-use, [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; Takian, A., Raoofi, A., Kazempour-Ardebili, S., COVID-19 battle during the toughest sanctions against Iran (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1035-1036; (1948), http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr, Universal Declaration of human rights (UDHR), G.A. Res. 217A (III; (2005), World Health Organization International health regulations. 3rd edn; https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-helps-worlds-poorest-countries-withstandthe-economic-shock-of-coronavirus, GOV.UK UK helps world's poorest countries withstand the economic disruption of coronavirus [Accessed 9 Aug 2020]; (2020), https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/Global-Humanitarian-Response-Plan-COVID-19.pdf, UN. Global humanitarian response plan COVID-19 United nations coordinated appeal April-December 2020 [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; (2020), https://unsdg.un.org/resources/un-framework-immediate-socioeconomic-response-covid-19, UN Sustainable Development Group A un framework for the immediate socio-economic response to COVID-19 [Accessed 8 Aug 2020]; https://covid19responsefund.org/en, World Health Organization COVID-19 solidarity response fund for who [Accessed 30 Jul 2020]; https://www.imf.org/en/News/Articles/2020/04/03/sp040320-opening-remarks-for-joint-imf-who-press-conference, IMF. Joint remarks for the joint IMF/WHO conference [Accessed 7 Apr 2020]; (2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/covid-19-Technology-Access-pool, World Health Organization COVID-19 technology access pool [Accessed 2 Jun 2020]; (2020), https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2020/may/20200514-covid19-vaccine, UNAIDS World leaders unite in call for a people's vaccine against COVID-19 [Internet] [Accessed 2 Jun 2020]UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092105446&doi=10.1136%2fbmjgh-2020-003359&partnerID=40&md5=dc953c3ef392f611f5775b9969c39f6c PY - 2020 SN - 20597908 (ISSN) ST - Health and human rights are inextricably linked in the COVID-19 response T2 - BMJ Global Health TI - Health and human rights are inextricably linked in the COVID-19 response VL - 5 ID - 364 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coronaviruses recognize a variety of receptors using different domains of their envelope-anchored spike protein. How these diverse receptor recognition patterns affect viral entry is unknown. Mouse hepatitis coronavirus (MHV) is the only known coronavirus that uses the N-terminal domain (NTD) of its spike to recognize a protein receptor, CEACAM1a. Here we determined the cryo-EM structure of MHV spike complexed with mouse CEACAM1a. The trimeric spike contains three receptor-binding S1 heads sitting on top of a trimeric membrane-fusion S2 stalk. Three receptor molecules bind to the sides of the spike trimer, where three NTDs are located. Receptor binding induces structural changes in the spike, weakening the interactions between S1 and S2. Using protease sensitivity and negative-stain EM analyses, we further showed that after protease treatment of the spike, receptor binding facilitated the dissociation of S1 from S2, allowing S2 to transition from pre-fusion to post-fusion conformation. Together these results reveal a new role of receptor binding in MHV entry: in addition to its well-characterized role in viral attachment to host cells, receptor binding also induces the conformational change of the spike and hence the fusion of viral and host membranes. Our study provides new mechanistic insight into coronavirus entry and highlights the diverse entry mechanisms used by different viruses. Copyright: © 2020 Shang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. AD - Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China AU - Shang, J. AU - Wan, Y. AU - Liu, C. AU - Yount, B. AU - Gully, K. AU - Yang, Y. AU - Auerbach, A. AU - Peng, G. AU - Baric, R. AU - Li, F. C2 - 32150576 C7 - e1008392 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008392 IS - 3 J2 - PLoS Pathog. KW - carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 fusion protein virus spike protein carcinoembryonic antigen Ceacam1 protein, mouse coronavirus spike glycoprotein MHV surface projection glycoprotein protein binding recombinant protein S protein, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus receptor Article conformational transition controlled study cryoelectron microscopy crystal structure genetic transfection HEK293T cell line human human cell luciferase assay lysosome Murine hepatitis virus negative staining nonhuman protein degradation protein expression protein protein interaction protein purification protein structure receptor binding size exclusion chromatography viral plaque assay virus attachment virus entry virus load virus spike Western blotting alpha helix animal chemistry HEK293 cell line membrane fusion metabolism molecular model mouse physiology protein conformation protein domain protein multimerization SARS coronavirus tumor cell line ultrastructure Animals Cell Line, Tumor HEK293 Cells Humans Mice Models, Molecular Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical Protein Domains Proteolysis Receptors, Virus Recombinant Proteins SARS Virus Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Virus Internalization LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :49 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Li, F.; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, United States; email: lifang@umn.edu Chemicals/CAS: Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Ceacam1 protein, mouse; MHV surface projection glycoprotein; Receptors, Virus; Recombinant Proteins; S protein, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding text 1: Funding: This work was supported by R01AI089728 (to F. Li) from National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (https://www.niaid. nih.gov/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. References: Li, F., Receptor recognition mechanisms of coronaviruses: A decade of structural studies (2015) J Virol, 89 (4), pp. 1954-1964. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02615-14, Epub 2014/11/28. PMID: 25428871; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4338876; Li, F., Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins (2016) Annual Review of Virology, 3 (1), pp. 237-261. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042301, Epub 2016/09/01. PMID: 27578435; Perlman, S., Netland, J., Coronaviruses post-SARS: Update on replication and pathogenesis (2009) Nature Reviews Microbiology, 7 (6), pp. 439-450. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2147, WOS:000266451100012. PMID: 19430490; Spaan, W., Cavanagh, D., Horzinek, M.C., Coronaviruses: Structure and genome expression (1988) J Gen Virol, 69, pp. 2939-2952. , https://doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-69-12-2939, Epub 1988/12/01. PMID: 3058868; Gonzaalez, J.M., Gomez-Puertas, P., Cavanagh, D., Gorbalenya, A.E., Enjuanes, L., A comparative sequence analysis to revise the current taxonomy of the family Coronaviridae (2003) Archives of Virology, 148 (11), pp. 2207-2235. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-003-0162-1, WOS:000186399900009. PMID: 14579179; Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Bosch, B.J., Frenz, B., Rottier, P.J., DiMaio, F., Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer (2016) Nature, 531 (7592), pp. 114-117. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16988, Epub 2016/02/09. PMID: 26855426; Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Cottrell, C.A., Wang, N., Pallesen, J., Yassine, H.M., Turner, H.L., Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein (2016) Nature, 531 (7592), pp. 118-121. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17200, Epub 2016/03/05. PMID: 26935699; Yuan, Y., Cao, D., Zhang, Y., Ma, J., Qi, J., Wang, Q., Cryo-EM structures of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV spike glycoproteins reveal the dynamic receptor binding domains (2017) Nature Communications, 8, p. 15092. , https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15092, Epub 2017/04/11. PMID: 28393837; Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Frenz, B., Snijder, J., Li, W., Rey, F.A., Glycan shield and epitope masking of a coronavirus spike protein observed by cryo-electron microscopy (2016) Nat Struct Mol Biol, 23 (10), pp. 899-905. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3293, Epub 2016/09/13. PMID: 27617430; Shang, J., Zheng, Y., Yang, Y., Liu, C., Geng, Q., Luo, C., Cryo-EM structure of infectious bronchitis coronavirus spike protein reveals structural and functional evolution of coronavirus spike proteins (2018) PLoS Pathog, 14 (4). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007009, Epub 2018/04/24. PMID: 29684066; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5933801; Shang, J., Zheng, Y., Yang, Y., Liu, C., Geng, Q., Tai, W., Cryo-electron microscopy structure of porcine deltacoronavirus spike protein in the prefusion state (2018) J Virol, 92 (4). , https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01556-17, Epub 2017/10/27. PMID: 29070693; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5790952; Song, W., Gui, M., Wang, X., Xiang, Y., Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2 (2018) PLoS Pathog, 14 (8). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007236, Epub 2018/08/14. PMID: 30102747; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6107290; Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Snijder, J., Xiong, X., Bosch, B.J., Rey, F.A., Tectonic conformational changes of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein promote membrane fusion (2017) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 114 (42), pp. 11157-11162. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708727114, Epub 2017/10/27. PMID: 29073020; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5651768; Li, F., Berardi, M., Li, W.H., Farzan, M., Dormitzer, P.R., Harrison, S.C., Conformational states of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein ectodomain (2006) Journal of Virology, 80 (14), pp. 6794-6800. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02744-05, ISI:000238770000008. PMID: 16809285; Millet, J.K., Whittaker, G.R., Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111 (42), pp. 15214-15219. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1407087111, Epub 2014/10/08. PMID: 25288733; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4210292; Millet, J.K., Whittaker, G.R., Host cell proteases: Critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis (2015) Virus Res, 202, pp. 120-134. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2014.11.021, Epub 2014/12/03. PMID: 25445340; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4465284; Heald-Sargent, T., Gallagher, T., Ready, set, fuse! The coronavirus spike protein and acquisition of fusion competence (2012) Viruses, 4 (4), pp. 557-580. , https://doi.org/10.3390/v4040557, Epub 2012/05/17. PMID: 22590686; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3347323; Gui, M., Song, W., Zhou, H., Xu, J., Chen, S., Xiang, Y., Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein reveal a prerequisite conformational state for receptor binding (2017) Cell Res, 27 (1), pp. 119-129. , https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2016.152, Epub 2016/12/23. PMID: 28008928; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5223232; Williams, R.K., Jiang, G.S., Holmes, K.V., Receptor for mouse hepatitis-virus is a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen family of glycoproteins (1991) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88 (13), pp. 5533-5536. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.13.5533, ISI:A1991FU90100012. PMID: 1648219; Dveksler, G.S., Pensiero, M.N., Cardellichio, C.B., Williams, R.K., Jiang, G.S., Holmes, K.V., Cloning of the mouse hepatitis-virus (MHV) receptor—expression in human and hamster-cell lines confers susceptibility to MHV (1991) Journal of Virology, 65 (12), pp. 6881-6891. , ISI:A1991GP87800059. PMID: 1719235; Beauchemin, N., Draber, P., Dveksler, G., Gold, P., Gray-Owen, S., Grunert, F., Redefined nomenclature for members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family (1999) Experimental Cell Research, 252 (2), pp. 243-249. , https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.1999.4610, ISI:000083650500001. PMID: 11501563; Peng, G.Q., Sun, D.W., Rajashankar, K.R., Qian, Z.H., Holmes, K.V., Li, F., Crystal structure of mouse coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with its murine receptor (2011) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108 (26), pp. 10696-10701. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104306108, ISI:000292251000064. PMID: 21670291; Matsuyama, S., Taguchi, F., Receptor-induced conformational changes of murine coronavirus spike protein (2002) J Virol, 76 (23), pp. 11819-11826. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.23.1181911826.2002, Epub 2002/11/05. PMID: 12414924; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC136913; Zelus, B.D., Schickli, J.H., Blau, D.M., Weiss, S.R., Holmes, K.V., Conformational changes in the spike glycoprotein of murine coronavirus are induced at 37 degrees C either by soluble murine CEACAM1 receptors or by pH (2003) J Virol, 77 (2), pp. 830-840. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.77.2.830-840.2003, Epub 2002/12/28. PMID: 12502799; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC140793; Li, F., Li, W.H., Farzan, M., Harrison, S.C., Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor (2005) Science, 309 (5742), pp. 1864-1868. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1116480ISI:000231989500052, PMID: 16166518; Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Wang, N., Pallesen, J., Wrapp, D., Turner, H.L., Cottrell, C.A., Stabilized coronavirus spikes are resistant to conformational changes induced by receptor recognition or proteolysis (2018) Scientific Reports, 8 (1), p. 15701. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34171-7, Epub 2018/10/26. PMID: 30356097; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6200764; Klaile, E., Vorontsova, O., Sigmundsson, K., Muller, M.M., Singer, B.B., Ofverstedt, L.G., The CEACAM1 N-terminal Ig domain mediates cis- And trans-binding and is essential for allosteric rearrangements of CEACAM1 microclusters (2009) The Journal of Cell Biology, 187 (4), pp. 553-567. , https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200904149, Epub 2009/12/02. PMID: 19948502; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2779236; Volkmer, H., Schreiber, J., Rathjen, F.G., Regulation of adhesion by flexible ectodomains of IgCAMs (2013) Neurochemical Research, 38 (6), pp. 1092-1099. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-012-0888-9, Epub 2012/10/12. PMID: 23054071; Belouzard, S., Chu, V.C., Whittaker, G.R., Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike protein via sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites (2009) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106 (14), pp. 5871-5876. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0809524106, ISI:000264967500075. PMID: 19321428; Burkard, C., Verheije, M.H., Wicht, O., Van Kasteren, S.I., Van Kuppeveld, F.J., Haagmans, B.L., Coronavirus cell entry occurs through the endo-/lysosomal pathway in a proteolysis-dependent manner (2014) PLoS Pathog, 10 (11). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004502, Epub 2014/11/07. PMID: 25375324; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4223067; Zheng, Y., Shang, J., Yang, Y., Liu, C., Wan, Y., Geng, Q., Lysosomal proteases are a determinant of coronavirus tropism (2018) J Virol, 92 (24). , https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01504-18, Epub 2018/09/28. PMID: 30258004; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6258935; White, J.M., Delos, S.E., Brecher, M., Schornberg, K., Structures and mechanisms of viral membrane fusion proteins: Multiple variations on a common theme (2008) Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 43 (3), pp. 189-219. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10409230802058320, Epub 2008/06/24. PMID: 18568847; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2649671; Skehel, J.J., Wiley, D.C., Receptor binding and membrane fusion in virus entry: The influenza hemagglutinin (2000) Annual Review of Biochemistry, 69, pp. 531-569. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.531, ISI:000089735700018. PMID: 10966468; Peng, G., Yang, Y., Pasquarella, J.R., Xu, L., Qian, Z., Holmes, K.V., Structural and Molecular Evidence Suggesting Coronavirus-driven Evolution of Mouse Receptor (2017) J Biol Chem, 292 (6), pp. 2174-2181. , https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M116.764266, Epub 2016/12/31. PMID: 28035001; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5313091; Mastronarde, D.N., Automated electron microscope tomography using robust prediction of specimen movements (2005) Journal of Structural Biology, 152 (1), pp. 36-51. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2005.07.007, Epub 2005/09/27. PMID: 16182563; Li, X., Mooney, P., Zheng, S., Booth, C.R., Braunfeld, M.B., Gubbens, S., Electron counting and beam-induced motion correction enable near-atomic-resolution single-particle cryo-EM (2013) Nature Methods, 10 (6), pp. 584-590. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2472, Epub 2013/05/07. PMID: 23644547; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3684049; Zhang, K., GCTF: Real-time CTF determination and correction (2016) Journal of Structural Biology, 193 (1), pp. 1-12. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2015.11.003, Epub 2015/11/26. PMID: 26592709; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4711343; Scheres, S.H., Relion: Implementation of a Bayesian approach to cryo-EM structure determination (2012) Journal of Structural Biology, 180 (3), pp. 519-530. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2012.09.006, Epub 2012/09/25. PMID: 23000701; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3690530; Chen, S., McMullan, G., Faruqi, A.R., Murshudov, G.N., Short, J.M., Scheres, S.H., High-resolution noise substitution to measure overfitting and validate resolution in 3D structure determination by single particle electron cryomicroscopy (2013) Ultramicroscopy, 135, pp. 24-35. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2013.06.004, Epub 2013/07/23. PMID: 23872039; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3834153; Goddard, T.D., Huang, C.C., Ferrin, T.E., Visualizing density maps with UCSF Chimera (2007) J Struct Biol, 157 (1), pp. 281-287. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsb.2006.06.010, PMID: 16963278; Emsley, P., Lohkamp, B., Scott, W.G., Cowtan, K., Features and development of Coot (2010) Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 66, pp. 486-501. , https://doi.org/10.1107/S0907444910007493, PMID: 20383002; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2852313; Adams, P.D., Afonine, P.V., Bunkoczi, G., Chen, V.B., Davis, I.W., Echols, N., Phenix: A comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution (2010) Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 66, pp. 213-221. , https://doi.org/10.1107/S0907444909052925, PMID: 20124702; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2815670; Chen, V.B., Arendall, W.B., 3rd, Headd, J.J., Keedy, D.A., Immormino, R.M., Kapral, G.J., Molprobity: All-atom structure validation for macromolecular crystallography (2010) Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 66, pp. 12-21. , https://doi.org/10.1107/S0907444909042073, PMID: 20057044; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2803126; Barad, B.A., Echols, N., Wang, R.Y., Cheng, Y., DiMaio, F., Adams, P.D., Emringer: Side chain-directed model and map validation for 3D cryo-electron microscopy (2015) Nat Methods, 12 (10), pp. 943-946. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3541, PMID: 26280328; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4589481; Cassel, J.A., Blass, B.E., Reitz, A.B., Pawlyk, A.C., Development of a novel nonradiometric assay for nucleic acid binding to TDP-43 suitable for high-throughput screening using AlphaScreen technology (2010) J Biomol Screen, 15 (9), pp. 1099-1106. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1087057110382778, Epub 2010/09/22. PMID: 20855563; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3426361; Liu, C., Yang, Y., Chen, L., Lin, Y.L., Li, F., A unified mechanism for aminopeptidase N-based tumor cell motility and tumor-homing therapy (2014) J Biol Chem, 289 (50), pp. 34520-34529. , https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.566802, Epub 2014/11/02. PMID: 25359769; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4263860; Yang, Y., Du, L., Liu, C., Wang, L., Ma, C., Tang, J., Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111 (34), pp. 12516-12521. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405889111, Epub 2014/08/13. PMID: 25114257; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4151778; Yount, B., Denison, M.R., Weiss, S.R., Baric, R.S., Systematic assembly of a full-length infectious cDNA of mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (2002) J Virol, 76 (21), pp. 11065-11078. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.21.11065-11078.2002, Epub 2002/10/09. PMID: 12368349; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC136593; Krissinel, E., Henrick, K., Inference of macromolecular assemblies from crystalline state (2007) J Mol Biol, 372 (3), pp. 774-797. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.05.022, Epub 2007/08/08. PMID: 17681537 PY - 2020 SN - 15537366 (ISSN) ST - Structure of mouse coronavirus spike protein complexed with receptor reveals mechanism for viral entry T2 - PLoS Pathogens TI - Structure of mouse coronavirus spike protein complexed with receptor reveals mechanism for viral entry UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85082144826&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.ppat.1008392&partnerID=40&md5=f1c39757f9d7a5ee7e0656438aeacb2f VL - 16 ID - 525 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A new coronavirus (CoV) called SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 as the etiological agent of a viral pneumonia called COVID-19. The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has been so extensive that the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Below, we discuss the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and provide the historical context, which strongly suggests emerging CoVs provide an immediate threat to global public health and will continue to do so in the future. © 2020 AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States AU - Sheahan, T. P. AU - Frieman, M. B. C2 - 32569751 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.05.010 J2 - Curr. Opin. Virol. KW - clinical feature coronavirus disease 2019 coughing disease re-emergence dyspnea epidemic fatigue fever global health human microbial diversity nonhuman nose smear pandemic priority journal Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus pneumonia virus transmission animal Betacoronavirus China communicable disease Coronavirus infection disease carrier virology World Health Organization Animals Communicable Diseases, Emerging Coronavirus Infections Disease Reservoirs Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 References: Brown, A.J., Broad spectrum antiviral Remdesivir inhibits human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses with a highly divergent RNA dependent RNA polymerase (2019) Antiviral Res, 169. , This paper demonstrates that Remdisivir can inhibit both human and divergent zoonotic coronaviruses; de Wit, E., van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Munster, V.J., SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nat Rev Microbiol, 14, pp. 523-534; WHO, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (2018); Beall, A., Characterization of a pathogenic full-length cDNA clone and transmission model for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain PC22A (2016) mBio, 7, pp. e01451-01415; Hu, H., Isolation and characterization of porcine deltacoronavirus from pigs with diarrhea in the United States (2015) J Clin Microbiol, 53, pp. 1537-1548; Zhou, P., Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin (2018) Nature, 556, pp. 255-258; Donaldson, E.F., Metagenomic analysis of the viromes of three North American bat species: viral diversity among different bat species that share a common habitat (2010) J Virol, 84, pp. 13004-13018; Anthony, S.J., Coronaviruses in bats from Mexico (2013) J Gen Virol, 94, pp. 1028-1038; Woo, P.C., Molecular diversity of coronaviruses in bats (2006) Virology, 351, pp. 180-187; Carrington, C.V., Detection and phylogenetic analysis of group 1 coronaviruses in South American bats (2008) Emerg Infect Dis, 14, pp. 1890-1893; Tong, S., Detection of novel SARS-like and other coronaviruses in bats from Kenya (2009) Emerg Infect Dis, 15, pp. 482-485; Hu, B., Ge, X., Wang, L.F., Shi, Z., Bat origin of human coronaviruses (2015) Virol J, 12, p. 221; Wacharapluesadee, S., Diversity of coronavirus in bats from Eastern Thailand (2015) Virol J, 12, p. 57; Smith, C.S., Coronavirus infection and diversity in bats in the Australasian region (2016) Ecohealth, 13, pp. 72-82; Ge, X.Y., Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor (2013) Nature, 503, pp. 535-538; Menachery, V.D., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat Med, 21, pp. 1508-1513; Menachery, V.D., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113, pp. 3048-3053; Yang, X.L., Isolation and characterization of a novel bat coronavirus closely related to the direct progenitor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2016) J Virol, 90, pp. 3253-3256; Anthony, S.J., Further evidence for bats as the evolutionary source of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2017) mBio, 8; Huang, C., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, , The authors provide key clinical information from an early series of SARS-CoV-2 patients; Li, Q., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N Engl J Med; Chan, J.F., A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster (2020) Lancet, , A case study of person to person spread inside of a family is characterized including asymptomatic spread to a child; Phan, L.T., Importation and human-to-human transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam (2020) N Engl J Med, , First description of human to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 outside of China; Holshue, M.L., First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States (2020) N Engl J Med, , First case report of SARS-CoV-2 in the US; Warren, T.K., Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 381-385; Lo, M.K., GS-5734 and its parent nucleoside analog inhibit Filo-, Pneumo-, and Paramyxoviruses (2017) Sci Rep, 7; Sheahan, T.P., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci Transl Med, 9; Agostini, M.L., Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral Remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease (2018) mBio, 9; Sheahan, T.P., Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV (2020) Nat Commun, 11. , Demonstration that remdisivir is more effective than combination therapy against MERS-CoV; Wang, M., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res; Heimdal, I., Human coronavirus in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections: a 9-year population-based study from Norway (2019) J Infect Dis, 219, pp. 1198-1206; Walsh, E.E., Shin, J.H., Falsey, A.R., Clinical impact of human coronaviruses 229E and OC43 infection in diverse adult populations (2013) J Infect Dis, 208, pp. 1634-1642 PY - 2020 SN - 18796257 (ISSN) SP - 37-40 ST - The continued epidemic threat of SARS-CoV-2 and implications for the future of global public health T2 - Current Opinion in Virology TI - The continued epidemic threat of SARS-CoV-2 and implications for the future of global public health UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086521832&doi=10.1016%2fj.coviro.2020.05.010&partnerID=40&md5=59c5d6ca1b4c3311cf38f6fa8c682a6b VL - 40 ID - 528 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is the causative agent of a severe respiratory disease associated with more than 2468 human infections and over 851 deaths in 27 countries since 2012. There are no approved treatments for MERS-CoV infection although a combination of lopinavir, ritonavir and interferon beta (LPV/RTV-IFNb) is currently being evaluated in humans in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Here, we show that remdesivir (RDV) and IFNb have superior antiviral activity to LPV and RTV in vitro. In mice, both prophylactic and therapeutic RDV improve pulmonary function and reduce lung viral loads and severe lung pathology. In contrast, prophylactic LPV/RTV-IFNb slightly reduces viral loads without impacting other disease parameters. Therapeutic LPV/RTV-IFNb improves pulmonary function but does not reduce virus replication or severe lung pathology. Thus, we provide in vivo evidence of the potential for RDV to treat MERS-CoV infections. © 2020, The Author(s). AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, CA, United States Department of Pediatrics-Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States AU - Sheahan, T. P. AU - Sims, A. C. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Won, J. AU - Brown, A. J. AU - Montgomery, S. A. AU - Hogg, A. AU - Babusis, D. AU - Clarke, M. O. AU - Spahn, J. E. AU - Bauer, L. AU - Sellers, S. AU - Porter, D. AU - Feng, J. Y. AU - Cihlar, T. AU - Jordan, R. AU - Denison, M. R. AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 31924756 C7 - 222 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41467-019-13940-6 IS - 1 J2 - Nat. Commun. KW - beta interferon caspase 3 dipeptidyl peptidase IV lopinavir plus ritonavir prodrug remdesivir adenosine phosphate alanine antivirus agent carboxylesterase Ces1c protein, mouse lopinavir lopinavir-ritonavir drug combination ritonavir antimicrobial activity comparative study infectivity pathology respiratory disease virus acute lung injury airway resistance American Thoracic Society Lung Injury Score animal experiment animal model animal tissue antiviral activity apoptosis Article body plethysmography bronchoconstriction Calu-3 cell line controlled study cytotoxicity debridement EC50 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay female flow cytometry gas exchange gene expression histopathology human human cell immunohistochemistry lung function lung injury male maximum plasma concentration Middle East respiratory syndrome Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus mortality mouse nonhuman peak expiratory flow prophylaxis protein expression scoring system therapeutic equivalent dose virus load virus replication animal Coronavirus infection drug combination drug development drug effect genetics knockout mouse Saudi Arabia Coronavirus Mus Adenosine Monophosphate Animals Antiviral Agents Coronavirus Infections Drug Combinations Humans Interferon-beta Mice Mice, Knockout Viral Load LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :718 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Sheahan, T.P.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: sheahan@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: caspase 3, 169592-56-7; dipeptidyl peptidase IV, 54249-88-6; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; adenosine phosphate, 61-19-8, 8063-98-7; alanine, 56-41-7, 6898-94-8; carboxylesterase, 59536-71-9, 83380-83-0, 9016-18-6, 9028-01-7; lopinavir, 192725-17-0; ritonavir, 155213-67-5; Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Carboxylesterase; Ces1c protein, mouse; Drug Combinations; Interferon-beta; Lopinavir; lopinavir-ritonavir drug combination; remdesivir; Ritonavir Funding details: 2015-IDG-1007 Funding details: 5P30CA016086-41 Funding details: 5U19AI109680 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, U54-CA156733 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 5R01AI132178, AI108197 Funding details: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, 5 P30 ES010126-17 Funding details: Gilead Sciences Funding details: Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale School of Medicine, CORE Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC, 5P30CA016086-42 Funding details: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Funding text 1: We would like to thank Dr. Daphne Ma for superb organization of mouse breeding efforts. Animal histopathology and/or clinical services was performed by the Animal Histopathology & Laboratory Medicine Core at the University of North Carolina, which is supported in part by an NCI Center Core Support Grant (5P30CA016086-41) to the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. We thank Bentley Midkiff in the UNC Translational Pathology Laboratory (TPL) for expert technical assistance. The UNC TPL is supported in part, by grants from the NCI (5P30CA016086-42), NIH (U54-CA156733), NIEHS (5 P30 ES010126-17), UCRF, and NCBT (2015-IDG-1007). We would like to acknowledge the following funding sources, Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development Center (5U19AI109680), a partnership grant from the National Institutes of Health (5R01AI132178), and an NIAID R01 grant (AI108197). A.C.S. received a contract from Gilead Sciences to support the in vitro and in vivo efficacy studies reported herein. References: de Wit, E., van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Munster, V.J., SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 14, pp. 523-534. , PID: 27344959, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtVGiur7L; Muller, M.A., Presence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibodies in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide, cross-sectional, serological study (2015) Lancet Infect. Dis., 15, p. 629. , PID: 26008827; Dudas, G., Carvalho, L.M., Rambaut, A., Bedford, T., MERS-CoV spillover at the camel-human interface (2018) Elife, 7; Morra, M.E., Clinical outcomes of current medical approaches for Middle East respiratory syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) Rev. Med Virol., 28. , PID: 29664167; (2018) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (Mers-Cov), , https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/; Cho, S.Y., MERS-CoV outbreak following a single patient exposure in an emergency room in South Korea: an epidemiological outbreak study (2016) Lancet, 388, pp. 994-1001. , PID: 27402381; (2017) Highlights of Prescribing Information, , https://www.rxabbvie.com/pdf/kaletratabpi.pdf; Chan, J.F., Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) J. Infect., 67, pp. 606-616. , PID: 24096239; de Wilde, A.H., Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture (2014) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 58, pp. 4875-4884. , PID: 24841269, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1artrfJ; Hart, B.J., Interferon-beta and mycophenolic acid are potent inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in cell-based assays (2014) J. Gen. Virol., 95, pp. 571-577. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhtVyms7%2FL, PID: 24323636; Chan, J.F., Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-beta1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset (2015) J. Infect. Dis., 212, pp. 1904-1913. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXpsVOqtQ%3D%3D, PID: 26198719; Kim, U.J., Won, E.J., Kee, S.J., Jung, S.I., Jang, H.C., Combination therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon-alpha for Middle East respiratory syndrome (2016) Antivir. Ther., 21, pp. 455-459. , PID: 26492219; Spanakis, N., Virological and serological analysis of a recent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection case on a triple combination antiviral regimen (2014) Int J. Antimicrob. Agents, 44, pp. 528-532. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsF2lsrnI, PID: 25288266; Arabi, Y.M., Treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome with a combination of lopinavir-ritonavir and interferon-beta1b (MIRACLE trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2018) Trials, 19. , PID: 29382391, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXjsVOns7Y%3D; Arabi, Y.M., (2019) Twitter Account for MIRACLE Trial; Lo, M.K., GS-5734 and its parent nucleoside analog inhibit Filo-, Pneumo-, and Paramyxoviruses (2017) Sci. Rep., 7. , PID: 28262699; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Case, J.B., Leist, S.R., Baric, R.S., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Science Translational Medicine, 9 (396), p. eaal3653. , PID: 28659436, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhvFOkt7rF; Warren, T.K., Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 381-385. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XjvVGnu70%3D, PID: 26934220; Jordan, P.C., Initiation, extension, and termination of RNA synthesis by a paramyxovirus polymerase (2018) PLoS Pathog., 14. , PID: 29425244, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhsleltrvM; Tchesnokov, E.P., Feng, J.Y., Porter, D.P., Gotte, M., Mechanism of inhibition of Ebola virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by remdesivir (2019) Viruses, 11, p. 326. , &; Brown, A.J., Broad spectrum antiviral remdesivir inhibits human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses with a highly divergent RNA dependent RNA polymerase (2019) Antivir. Res., 169, p. 104541. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXht1Git7zI, PID: 31233808; Cockrell, A.S., A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (2016) Nat. Microbiol, 2, p. 16226. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXkvFyqs7g%3D, PID: 27892925; Mo, H., Estimation of inhibitory quotient using a comparative equilibrium dialysis assay for prediction of viral response to hepatitis C virus inhibitors (2011) J. Viral Hepat., 18, pp. 338-348. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3Mvht1yrtw%3D%3D, PID: 20456634; Douglas, M.G., Kocher, J.F., Scobey, T., Baric, R.S., Cockrell, A.S., Adaptive evolution influences the infectious dose of MERS-CoV necessary to achieve severe respiratory disease (2018) Virology, 517, pp. 98-107. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXitVehu7rO, PID: 29277291; Fukushi, M., Serial histopathological examination of the lungs of mice infected with influenza A virus PR8 strain (2011) PLoS One, 6. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXotFagtbo%3D, PID: 21701593; Matute-Bello, G., An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: features and measurements of experimental acute lung injury in animals (2011) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 44, pp. 725-738. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXot1Kjtr8%3D, PID: 21531958; Arabi, Y.M., (2016) Mers-Cov Infection Treated with a Combination of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Interferon Beta-1B (MIRACLE), , https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02845843; Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Baric, R.S., Ferris, M.T., New metrics for evaluating viral respiratory pathogenesis (2015) PLoS One, 10. , PID: 26115403, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XntF2msL4%3D; Schmidt, M.E., Memory CD8 T cells mediate severe immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus infection (2018) PLoS Pathog., 14. , PID: 29293660, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhs1OgtbrI; Lossi, L., Castagna, C., Merighi, A., Caspase-3 mediated cell death in the normal development of the mammalian cerebellum (2018) Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19, p. 3999; Ge, X.Y., Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor (2013) Nature, 503, pp. 535-538. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhslSnsLrF, PID: 24172901; Woo, P.C., Molecular diversity of coronaviruses in bats (2006) Virology, 351, pp. 180-187. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XntVyrtbY%3D, PID: 16647731; Zumla, A., Chan, J.F., Azhar, E.I., Hui, D.S., Yuen, K.Y., Coronaviruses—drug discovery and therapeutic options (2016) Nat. Rev. Drug Disco., 15, pp. 327-347. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XisVyru70%3D; Lambert, J.S., Therapeutic drug monitoring of lopinavir/ritonavir in pregnancy (2011) HIV Med., 12, pp. 166-173. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXjtFCrsr4%3D, PID: 20726906; Friedman, R.M., Clinical uses of interferons (2008) Br. J. Clin. Pharm., 65, pp. 158-162. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjs1Cnu78%3D; Isaacs, A., Lindenmann, J., Virus interference. I. The interferon (1957) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci., 147, pp. 258-267. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaG1c%2FgvVekuw%3D%3D, PID: 13465720; Falzarano, D., Treatment with interferon-alpha2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques (2013) Nat. Med., 19, pp. 1313-1317. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtl2ktr3J, PID: 24013700; Zhao, J., Rapid generation of a mouse model for Middle East respiratory syndrome (2014) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. 4970-4975. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXjsFGrsb4%3D, PID: 24599590; Channappanavar, R., Protective effect of intranasal regimens containing peptidic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor against MERS-CoV infection (2015) J. Infect. Dis., 212, pp. 1894-1903. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXpsVGltg%3D%3D, PID: 26164863; Li, K., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus causes multiple organ damage and lethal disease in mice transgenic for human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (2016) J. Infect. Dis., 213, pp. 712-722. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXktFCjtrs%3D, PID: 26486634; Falzarano, D., Infection with MERS-CoV causes lethal pneumonia in the common marmoset (2014) PLoS Pathog., 10. , PID: 25144235, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs12is7rF; Johnson, R.F., Intratracheal exposure of common marmosets to MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 or MERS-CoV EMC/2012 isolates does not result in lethal disease (2015) Virology, 485, pp. 422-430. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhtlCru77E, PID: 26342468; Davidson, S., IFNlambda is a potent anti-influenza therapeutic without the inflammatory side effects of IFNalpha treatment (2016) EMBO Mol. Med, 8, pp. 1099-1112. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlagurrE, PID: 27520969; Galani, I.E., Interferon-lambda mediates non-redundant front-line antiviral protection against influenza virus infection without compromising host fitness (2017) Immunity, 46, pp. 875-890. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXnvFKjtLw%3D, PID: 28514692; Kim, S., The Superiority of IFN-lambda as a therapeutic candidate to control acute influenza viral lung infection (2017) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 56, pp. 202-212. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXpsF2qu70%3D, PID: 27632156; Aeffner, F., Bolon, B., Davis, I.C., Mouse models of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a review of analytical approaches, pathologic features, and common measurements (2015) Toxicol. Pathol., 43, pp. 1074-1092. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtFOntb%2FN, PID: 26296628; (2019) Investigational Therapeutics for the Treatment of People with Ebola Virus Disease NCT03719586, , https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03719586?term=NCT03719586&draw=2&rank=1, Center, N.I.o.H.C; (2019) Center, N.I.o.H.C. GS-5734 to Assess the Antiviral Activity, Longer-Term Clearance of Ebola Virus, and Safety in Male Ebola Survivors With Evidence of Ebola Virus Persistence in Semen NCT02818582, , https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02818582?term=NCT02818582&draw=2&rank=1; Choi, W.S., Clinical presentation and outcomes of Middle East respiratory syndrome in the Republic of Korea (2016) Infect. Chemother., 48, pp. 118-126. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhsVSktb3E, PID: 27433382; Oh, M.D., Viral load kinetics of MERS coronavirus infection (2016) N. Engl. J. Med, 375, pp. 1303-1305. , PID: 27682053; de Wit, E., Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of mAb treatment against MERS-CoV in common marmosets (2018) Antivir. Res., 156, pp. 64-71. , PID: 29885377, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhtFWhs7bN; Agostini, M.L., Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease (2018) Mbio, 9, p. 18; Scobey, T., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. 16157-16162. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1SqtbfO, PID: 24043791; (2015) Highlights of Prescribing Information, , https://labeling.bayerhealthcare.com/html/products/pi/Betaseron_PI.pdf; Nair, A.B., Jacob, S., A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human (2016) J. Basic Clin. Pharm., 7, pp. 27-31. , PID: 27057123; Livak, K.J., Schmittgen, T.D., Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method (2001) Methods, 25, pp. 402-408. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhtFelt7s%3D PY - 2020 SN - 20411723 (ISSN) ST - Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV T2 - Nature Communications TI - Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85077715855&doi=10.1038%2fs41467-019-13940-6&partnerID=40&md5=3b3d409763b2f5344bcf0bb9a55172c2 VL - 11 ID - 282 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coronaviruses (CoVs) traffic frequently between species resulting in novel disease outbreaks, most recently exemplified by the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Here, we show that the ribonucleoside analog β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC; EIDD-1931) has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, MERSCoV, SARS-CoV, and related zoonotic group 2b or 2c bat-CoVs, as well as increased potency against a CoV bearing resistance mutations to the nucleoside analog inhibitor remdesivir. In mice infected with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV, both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of EIDD-2801, an orally bioavailable NHC prodrug (β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine-5′-isopropyl ester), improved pulmonary function and reduced virus titer and body weight loss. Decreased MERS-CoV yields in vitro and in vivo were associated with increased transition mutation frequency in viral, but not host cell RNA, supporting a mechanism of lethal mutagenesis in CoV. The potency of NHC/EIDD-2801 against multiple CoVs and oral bioavailability highlights its potential utility as an effective antiviral against SARSCoV-2 and other future zoonotic CoVs. © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY). AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Emory Institute of Drug Development (EIDD), Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States Drug Innovation Ventures at Emory (DRIVE), Atlanta, GA 30322, United States Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States National Security Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Chemical and Biological Signature Sciences, Richland, WA 99352, United States AU - Sheahan, T. P. AU - Sims, A. C. AU - Zhou, S. AU - Graham, R. L. AU - Pruijssers, A. J. AU - Agostini, M. L. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Schafer, A. AU - Dinnon, K. H. AU - Stevens, L. J. AU - Chappell, J. D. AU - Lu, X. AU - Hughes, T. M. AU - George, A. S. AU - Hill, C. S. AU - Montgomery, S. A. AU - Brown, A. J. AU - Bluemling, G. R. AU - Natchus, M. G. AU - Saindane, M. AU - Kolykhalov, A. A. AU - Painter, G. AU - Harcourt, J. AU - Tamin, A. AU - Thornburg, N. J. AU - Swanstrom, R. AU - Denison, M. R. AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 32253226 C7 - eabb5883 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/SCITRANSLMED.ABB5883 IS - 541 J2 - Sci. Transl. Med. KW - antivirus agent eidd 1931 eidd 2801 nucleoside prodrug remdesivir ribonucleoside RNA unclassified drug adenosine phosphate alanine cytidine EIDD-2801 N(4)-hydroxycytidine RNA directed RNA polymerase virus RNA airway epithelium cell animal experiment animal model antiviral activity Article body weight loss cell culture cohort analysis controlled study Coronavirinae Coronavirus infection drug efficacy female gene mutation host cell human human cell in vitro study in vivo study infection prevention lung function male Middle East respiratory syndrome Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus mouse mutagenesis nonhuman priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus load animal antibiotic prophylaxis antiviral resistance Betacoronavirus C57BL mouse cell line chemistry coronavirus disease 2019 cytology disease model drug effect genetics lung molecular model mutation pandemic pathology physiology primary cell culture randomization respiratory system virus pneumonia virus replication Adenosine Monophosphate Animals Antiviral Agents Coronavirus Infections Disease Models, Animal Drug Resistance, Viral Humans Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Models, Molecular Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Random Allocation Ribonucleosides RNA Replicase RNA, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :195 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Sheahan, T.P.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: sheahan@email.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: rbaric@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; RNA, 63231-63-0; adenosine phosphate, 61-19-8, 8063-98-7; alanine, 56-41-7, 6898-94-8; cytidine, 65-46-3; RNA directed RNA polymerase, 9026-28-2; Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Cytidine; EIDD-2801; N(4)-hydroxycytidine; remdesivir; Ribonucleosides; RNA Replicase; RNA, Viral Tradenames: eidd 1931; eidd 2801 References: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), , www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/, World Health Organization; de Wit, E., van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Munster, V. J., SARS and MERS: Recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 14, pp. 523-534; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Peng, Z., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1061-1069; Anthony, S. J., Gilardi, K., Menachery, V. D., Goldstein, T., Ssebide, B., Mbabazi, R., Navarrete-Macias, I., Mazet, J. A. K., Further evidence for bats as the evolutionary source of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2017) MBio, 8, pp. e00373-17; Hu, B., Ge, X., Wang, L.-F., Shi, Z., Bat origin of human coronaviruses (2015) Virol. J, 12, p. 221; Huynh, J., Li, S., Yount, B., Smith, A., Sturges, L., Olsen, J. C., Nagel, J., Donaldson, E. F., Evidence supporting a zoonotic origin of human coronavirus strain NL63 (2012) J. Virol, 86, pp. 12816-12825; Zaki, A. M., van Boheemen, S., Bestebroer, T. M., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E., Fouchier, R. A. M., Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia (2012) N. Engl. J. Med, 367, pp. 1814-1820; Hsu, L.-Y., Lee, C.-C., Green, J. A., Ang, B., Paton, N. I., Lee, L., Villacian, J. S., Leo, Y.-S., Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Singapore: Clinical features of index patient and initial contacts (2003) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 9, pp. 713-717; Zhou, P., Fan, H., Lan, T., Yang, X.-L., Shi, W.-F., Zhang, W., Zhu, Y., Ma, J.-Y., Fatal swine acute diarrhoea syndrome caused by an HKU2-related coronavirus of bat origin (2018) Nature, 556, pp. 255-258; Woo, P. C. Y., Lau, S. K. P., Li, K. S. M., Poon, R. W. S., Wong, B. H. L., Tsoi, H.-w., Yip, B. C. K., Yuen, K.-y., Molecular diversity of coronaviruses in bats (2006) Virology, 351, pp. 180-187; Menachery, V. D., Yount, B. L., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S., Gralinski, L. E., Plante, J. A., Graham, R. L., Baric, R. S., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med, 21, pp. 1508-1513; Menachery, V. D., Yount, B. L., Sims, A. C., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S. S., Gralinski, L. E., Graham, R. L., Baric, R. S., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 113, pp. 3048-3053; Reynard, O., Nguyen, X.-N., Alazard-Dany, N., Barateau, V., Cimarelli, A., Volchkov, V. E., Identification of a new ribonucleoside inhibitor of ebola virus replication (2015) Viruses, 7, pp. 6233-6240; Urakova, N., Kuznetsova, V., Crossman, D. K., Sokratian, A., Guthrie, D. B., Kolykhalov, A. A., Lockwood, M. A., Frolov, I., d-N4-hydroxycytidine is a potent anti-alphavirus compound that induces a high level of mutations in the viral genome (2018) J. Virol, 92, pp. e01965-17; Toots, M., Yoon, J.-J., Cox, R. M., Hart, M., Sticher, Z. M., Makhsous, N., Plesker, R., Plemper, R. K., Characterization of orally efficacious influenza drug with high resistance barrier in ferrets and human airway epithelia (2019) Sci. Transl. Med, 11, p. eaax5866; Agostini, M. L., Pruijssers, A. J., Chappell, J. D., Gribble, J., Lu, X., Andres, E. L., Bluemling, G. R., Denison, M. R., Small-molecule antiviral d-N4-hydroxycytidine inhibits a proofreading-intact coronavirus with a high genetic barrier to resistance (2019) J. Virol, 93, pp. e01348-19; Jordan, P. C., Liu, C., Raynaud, P., Lo, M. K., Spiropoulou, C. F., Symons, J. A., Beigelman, L., Deval, J., Initiation, extension, and termination of RNA synthesis by a paramyxovirus polymerase (2018) PLOS Pathog, 14, p. e1006889; Sheahan, T. P., Sims, A. C., Leist, S. R., Schafer, A., Won, J., Brown, A. J., Montgomery, S. A., Baric, R. S., Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV (2020) Nat. Commun, 11, p. 222; Sheahan, T. P., Sims, A. C., Graham, R. L., Menachery, V. D., Gralinski, L. E., Case, J. B., Leist, S. R., Baric, R. S., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci. Transl. Med, 9, p. eaal3653; Kirchdoerfer, R. N., Ward, A. B., Structure of the SARS-CoV nsp12 polymerase bound to nsp7 and nsp8 co-factors (2019) Nat. Commun, 10, p. 2342; Agostini, M. L., Andres, E. L., Sims, A. C., Graham, R. L., Sheahan, T. P., Lu, X., Smith, E. C., Denison, M. R., Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease (2018) MBio, 9, pp. e00221-18; Becker, M. M., Graham, R. L., Donaldson, E. F., Rockx, B., Sims, A. C., Sheahan, T., Pickles, R. J., Denison, M. R., Synthetic recombinant bat SARS-like coronavirus is infectious in cultured cells and in mice (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 105, pp. 19944-19949; Agnihothram, S., Yount, B. L., Donaldson, E. F., Huynh, J., Menachery, V. D., Gralinski, L. E., Graham, R. L., Baric, R. S., A mouse model for Betacoronavirus subgroup 2c using a bat coronavirus strain HKU5 variant (2014) MBio, 5, pp. e00047-14; Yoon, J.-J., Toots, M., Lee, S., Lee, M.-E., Ludeke, B., Luczo, J. M., Ganti, K., Plemper, R. K., Orally efficacious broad-spectrum ribonucleoside analog inhibitor of influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses (2018) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 62, pp. e00766-18; Zhou, S., Jones, C., Mieczkowski, P., Swanstrom, R., Primer ID validates template sampling depth and greatly reduces the error rate of next-generation sequencing of HIV-1 genomic RNA Populations (2015) J. Virol, 89, pp. 8540-8555; Tchesnokov, E. P., Feng, J. Y., Porter, D. P., Gotte, M., Mechanism of inhibition of Ebola virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by remdesivir (2019) Viruses, 11, p. E326; Menachery, V. D., Gralinski, L. E., Baric, R. S., Ferris, M. T., New metrics for evaluating viral respiratory pathogenesis (2015) PLOS ONE, 10, p. e0131451; Cockrell, A. S., Yount, B. L., Scobey, T., Jensen, K., Douglas, M., Beall, A., Tang, X.-C., Baric, R. S., A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (2016) Nat. Microbiol, 2, p. 16226; Marston, H. D., Folkers, G. K., Morens, D. M., Fauci, A. S., Emerging viral diseases: Confronting threats with new technologies (2014) Sci. Transl. Med, 6, p. 253ps10; Paules, C. I., Marston, H. D., Fauci, A. S., Coronavirus infections More than just the common cold (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 707-708; Brown, A. J., Won, J. J., Graham, R. L., Dinnon, K. H., Sims, A. C., Feng, J. Y., Cihlar, T., Sheahan, T. P., Broad spectrum antiviral remdesivir inhibits human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses with a highly divergent RNA dependent RNA polymerase (2019) Antivir. Res, 169, p. 104541; Zumla, A., Chan, J. F. W., Azhar, E. I., Hui, D. S. C., Yuen, K.-Y., Coronaviruses - drug discovery and therapeutic options (2016) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov, 15, pp. 327-347; Cortegiani, A., Ingoglia, G., Ippolito, M., Giarratano, A., Einav, S., A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 (2020) J. Crit. Care, (20). , S0883-9441 30390; Lescure, F. X., Bouadma, L., Nguyen, D., Parisey, M., Wicky, P. H., Behillil, S., Gaymard, A., Yazdanpanah, Y., Clinical and virological data of the first cases of COVID-19 in Europe: A case series (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, S1473-3099 (20). , 30200-0; Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., Liu, W., Wang, J., Fan, G., Ruan, L., Wang, C., A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med; Ehteshami, M., Tao, S., Zandi, K., Hsiao, H.-M., Jiang, Y., Hammond, E., Amblard, F., Schinazi, R. F., Characterization of d-N4-hydroxycytidine as a novel inhibitor of chikungunya virus (2017) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 61, pp. e02395-16; Warren, T. K., Jordan, R., Lo, M. K., Ray, A. S., Mackman, R. L., Soloveva, V., Siegel, D., Bavari, S., Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 381-385; Lo, M. K., Jordan, R., Arvey, A., Sudhamsu, J., Shrivastava-Ranjan, P., Hotard, A. L., Flint, M., Spiropoulou, C. F., GS-5734 and its parent nucleoside analog inhibit Filo-, Pneumo-, and Paramyxoviruses (2017) Sci. Rep, 7, p. 43395; Oh, M. D., Park, W. B., Choe, P. G., Choi, S. J., Kim, J. I., Chae, J., Park, S. S., Kim, N. J., Viral load kinetics of MERS coronavirus infection (2016) N. Engl. J. Med, 375, pp. 1303-1305; Peiris, J. S., Chu, C. M., Cheng, V. C., Chan, K. S., Hung, I. F., Poon, L. L., Law, K. I., Yuen, K. Y., HKU/UCH SARS Study Group, Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: A prospective study (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 1767-1772; Wolfel, R., Corman, V. M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Muller, M. A., Niemeyer, D., Wendtner, C., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature; Yu, H., Feng, Z., Uyeki, T. M., Liao, Q., Zhou, L., Feng, L., Ye, M., Wang, Y., Risk factors for severe illness with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in China (2011) Clin. Infect. Dis, 52, pp. 457-465; Wan, Y., Shang, J., Graham, R., Baric, R. S., Li, F., Receptor recognition by novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS (2020) J. Virology, 94, pp. e00127-20; Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Shi, Z.-L., Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.01.22.914952; Sheahan, T., Whitmore, A., Long, K., Ferris, M., Rockx, B., Funkhouser, W., Donaldson, E., Baric, R. S., Successful vaccination strategies that protect aged mice from lethal challenge from influenza virus and heterologous severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2011) J. Virol, 85, pp. 217-230; de Wit, E., Rasmussen, A. L., Falzarano, D., Bushmaker, T., Feldmann, F., Brining, D. L., Fischer, E. R., Munster, V. J., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes transient lower respiratory tract infection in rhesus macaques (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 110, pp. 16598-16603; McAuliffe, J., Vogel, L., Roberts, A., Fahle, G., Fischer, S., Shieh, W. J., Butler, E., Subbarao, K., Replication of SARS coronavirus administered into the respiratory tract of African Green, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys (2004) Virology, 330, pp. 8-15; Munster, V. J., Feldmann, F., Williamson, B. N., van Doremalen, N., Perez-Perez, L., Schulz, J., Meade-White, K., de Wit, E., Respiratory disease and virus shedding in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.03.21.001628; Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Bestebroer, T., Lamers, M. M., de Meulder, D., van Amerongen, G., Haagmans, B. L., Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS And SARS in a non-human primate model (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.03.17.995639; Smith, E. C., Blanc, H., Surdel, M. C., Vignuzzi, M., Denison, M. R., Coronaviruses lacking exoribonuclease activity are susceptible to lethal mutagenesis: Evidence for proofreading and potential therapeutics (2013) PLOS Pathog, 9, p. e1003565; Suzuki, T., Moriyama, K., Otsuka, C., Loakes, D., Negishi, K., Template properties of mutagenic cytosine analogues in reverse transcription (2006) Nucleic Acids Res, 34, pp. 6438-6449; Fulcher, M. L., Randell, S. H., Human nasal and tracheo-bronchial respiratory epithelial cell culture (2013) Methods Mol. Biol, 945, pp. 109-121; Sims, A. C., Baric, R. S., Yount, B., Burkett, S. E., Collins, P. L., Pickles, R. J., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of human ciliated airway epithelia: Role of ciliated cells in viral spread in the conducting airways of the lungs (2005) J. Virol, 79, pp. 15511-15524; Harcourt, J., Tamin, A., Lu, X., Kamili, S., Sakthivel, S. K., Murray, J., Queen, K., Thornburg, N. J., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from patient with 2019 novel coronavirus disease, United States (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 26; Scobey, T., Yount, B. L., Sims, A. C., Donaldson, E. F., Agnihothram, S. S., Menachery, V. D., Graham, R. L., Baric, R. S., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Douglas, M. G., Kocher, J. F., Scobey, T., Baric, R. S., Cockrell, A. S., Adaptive evolution influences the infectious dose of MERS-CoV necessary to achieve severe respiratory disease (2018) Virology, 517, pp. 98-107; Roberts, A., Deming, D., Paddock, C. D., Cheng, A., Yount, B., Vogel, L., Herman, B. D., Subbarao, K., A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice (2007) PLOS Pathog, 3, p. e5; Yount, B., Denison, M. R., Weiss, S. R., Baric, R. S., Systematic assembly of a full-length infectious cDNA of mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 (2002) J. Virol, 76, pp. 11065-11078; Fulcher, M. L., Gabriel, S., Burns, K. A., Yankaskas, J. R., Randell, S. H., Well-differentiated human airway epithelial cell cultures (2005) Methods Mol. Med, 107, pp. 183-206; Almazan, F., DeDiego, M. L., Sola, I., Zuniga, S., Nieto-Torres, J. L., Marquez-Jurado, S., Andres, G., Enjuanes, L., Engineering a replication-competent, propagation-defective Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus as a vaccine candidate (2013) MBio, 4, pp. e00650-13; Jabara, C. B., Jones, C. D., Roach, J., Anderson, J. A., Swanstrom, R., Accurate sampling and deep sequencing of the HIV-1 protease gene using a Primer ID (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 108, pp. 20166-20171; Fukushi, M., Ito, T., Oka, T., Kitazawa, T., Miyoshi-Akiyama, T., Kirikae, T., Yamashita, M., Kudo, K., Serial histopathological examination of the lungs of mice infected with influenza A virus PR8 strain (2011) PLOS ONE, 6, p. e21207; Matute-Bello, G., Downey, G., Moore, B. B., Groshong, S. D., Matthay, M. A., Slutsky, A. S., Kuebler, W. M., Acute Lung Injury in Animals Study Group, An official American Thoracic Society workshop report: Features and measurements of experimental acute lung injury in animals (2011) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol, 44, pp. 725-738; Schmidt, M. E., Knudson, C. J., Hartwig, S. M., Pewe, L. L., Meyerholz, D. K., Langlois, R. A., Harty, J. T., Varga, S. M., Memory CD8 T cells mediate severe immunopathology following respiratory syncytial virus infection (2018) PLOS Pathog, 14, p. e1006810; Ashkenazy, H., Abadi, S., Martz, E., Chay, O., Mayrose, I., Pupko, T., Ben-Tal, N., ConSurf 2016: An improved methodology to estimate and visualize evolutionary conservation in macromolecules (2016) Nucleic Acids Res, 44, pp. W344-W350 PY - 2020 SN - 19466234 (ISSN) ST - An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice T2 - Science Translational Medicine TI - An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083202710&doi=10.1126%2fSCITRANSLMED.ABB5883&partnerID=40&md5=76571efcdd129aa49557170aec4acb38 VL - 12 ID - 513 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Widespread use of face coverings is a key public health strategy to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, few studies have examined why Americans use or do not use face coverings, and little is known about the most effective messaging strategies. This study explored perceptions of face coverings, including motivations and barriers for use, and examined reactions to messaging promoting the use of face coverings. Six virtual focus groups were conducted with 34 North Carolina residents in July 2020. Participants reported high compliance with face covering recommendations but often did not wear them around family, friends, and colleagues. The most prevalent motivation for the use of face coverings was to protect or respect other people, including high-risk populations and individuals. Other motivators were self-protection, responsibility, desire for control, requirements, and expert advice. Barriers included physical and social discomfort, confusion or misinformation, low perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, and perceptions of identity and autonomy. Even among individuals who frequently wear face coverings, there are opportunities to improve compliance. Messaging should highlight how face coverings protect the wearer and others around them, normalize the use of face coverings in social settings, and emphasize requirements. Positive messages that focus on unity, personal experiences and the rationale for face coverings are recommended. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AD - Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 170 Rosenau Hall, CB #7400, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Carolina Population Center, 123 West Franklin St., Suite 210, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 117 Carroll Hall CB#3365, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, CB#7295, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Shelus, V. S. AU - Frank, S. C. AU - Lazard, A. J. AU - Higgins, I. C. A. AU - Pulido, M. AU - Richter, A. P. C. AU - Vandegrift, S. M. AU - Vereen, R. N. AU - Ribisl, K. M. AU - Hall, M. G. C2 - 33322672 C7 - 9298 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/ijerph17249298 IS - 24 J2 - Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health KW - COVID-19 Face coverings Health behavior Health communication Masks communication compliance perception public health viral disease adult Article confusion (uncertainty) coronavirus disease 2019 fear female health promotion high risk population human identity infection control infection sensitivity male medical information misinformation motivation North Carolina pandemic personal autonomy protocol compliance respect responsibility young adult information processing interpersonal communication mask prevention and control United States Rosa carolina carolina Focus Groups Humans Pandemics LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Lazard, A.J.; Hussman School of Journalism and Media, 117 Carroll Hall CB#3365, United States; email: lazard@unc.edu Correspondence Address: Lazard, A.J.; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States; email: lazard@unc.edu Funding details: North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, NCDHHS Funding text 1: Funding: This research was funded by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services to guide its public campaign. References: Dong, E., Du, H., Gardner, L.M., An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20, pp. 533-534. , [CrossRef]; COVID-19: Considerations for Wearing Masks, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (accessed on 30 July 2020); Chu, D.K., Akl, E.A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H.J., Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1973-1987. , [CrossRef]; Lyu, W., Wehby, G.L., Community Use of Face Masks And COVID-19: Evidence from A Natural Experiment of State Mandates in The US: Study examines impact on COVID-19 growth rates associated with state government mandates requiring face mask use in public (2020) Health Aff, 39, pp. 1419-1425. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Greenhalgh, T., Schmid, M.B., Czypionka, T., Bassler, D., Gruer, L., Face masks for the public during the covid-19 crisis (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1435. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Gandhi, M., Beyrer, C., Goosby, E., Masks Do More Than Protect Others During COVID-19: Reducing the Inoculum of SARS-CoV-2 to Protect the Wearer (2020) J. Gen. Intern. Med, 35, pp. 1-4. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Arp, N.L., Nguyen, T.H., Graham Linck, E.J., Feeney, A.K., Schrope, J.H., Ruedinger, K.L., Gao, A., Safdar, N., Use of face coverings by the public during the COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study (2020) medRxiv, , [CrossRef]; Knotek, I.I.E., Schoenle, R., Dietrich, A., Müller, G., Myrseth, K.O.R., Weber, M., Consumers and COVID-19: Survey Results on Mask-Wearing Behaviors and Beliefs (2020) Econ. Comment, , [CrossRef]; Americans’ Face Mask Usage Varies Greatly by Demographics, , https://news.gallup.com/poll/315590/americans-face-mask-usage-varies-greatly-demographics.aspx, Gallup. (accessed on 30 July 2020); Mackert, M., Lazard, A., Love, B., (2017) Designing Effective Health Messages, , IA Kendall Hunt: Dubuque, IA, USA; Czeisler, M.É., Tynan, M.A., Howard, M.E., Honeycutt, S., Fulmer, E.B., Kidder, D.P., Robbins, R., Baldwin, G., Public attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs related to COVID-19, stay-at-home orders, nonessential business closures, and public health guidance—United States, New York City, and Los Angeles, May 5–12, 2020 (2020) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 69, p. 751. , [CrossRef]; Czeisler, M.É., Howard, M.E., Robbins, R., Barger, L.K., Facer-Childs, E.R., Rajaratnam, S.M.W., Czeisler, C.A., COVID-19: Public Compliance with and Public Support for Stay-at-Home Mitigation Strategies (2020) medRxiv, , [CrossRef]; Ölcer, S., Yilmaz-Aslan, Y., Brzoska, P., Lay perspectives on social distancing and other official recommendations and regulations in the time of COVID-19: A qualitative study of social media posts (2020) BMC Public Health, 20, pp. 1-9. , [CrossRef]; Fisher, K.A., Barile, J.P., Guerin, R.J., Esschert, K.L.V., Jeffers, A., Tian, L.H., Garcia-Williams, A., Prue, C.E., Factors Associated with Cloth Face Covering Use Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic—United States, April and May 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 69, pp. 933-937. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Utych, S.M., Messaging Mask Wearing During the COVID-19 Crisis: Ideological Differences (2020) J. Exp. Politi. Sci, pp. 1-11. , [CrossRef]; Utych, S.M., Fowler, L., Age-based messaging strategies for communication about COVID-19 (2020) J. Behav. Public Adm, 3. , [CrossRef]; (2020) Executive Order No. 147: Extension of Phase 2 Order and New Measures to Save Lives in the COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://files.nc.gov/governor/documents/files/EO147-Phase-2-Extension.pdf, State of North Carolina. (accessed on 3 September 2020); Ulin, P.R., Robinson, E.T., Tolley, E.E., Qualitative Methods in Public Health: A Field Guide for Applied Research (2005) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc, 37, p. 1249. , [CrossRef]; Fisman, D.N., Greer, A.L., Tuite, A.R., Bidirectional impact of imperfect mask use on reproduction number of COVID-19: A next generation matrix approach (2020) Infect. Dis. Model, 5, pp. 405-408. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Missoni, E., Armocida, B., Formenti, B., Face Masks for All and All for Face Masks in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Community Level Production to Face the Global Shortage and Shorten the Epidemic (2020) Disaster Med. Public Health Prep, 2020, pp. 1-5. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Fischer, E.P., Fischer, M.C., Grass, D., Henrion, I., Warren, W.S., Westman, E., Low-cost measurement of facemask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech (2020) Sci. Adv, 6, p. eabd3083. , [CrossRef]; Ghinai, I., Woods, S., Ritger, K.A., McPherson, T.D., Black, S.R., Sparrow, L., Fricchione, M.J., Ruestow, P.S., Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at Two Family Gatherings—Chicago, Illinois, February–March 2020 , p. 69. , https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/86627, Health. C (Ill). D of P, Service. C for DC and P (U. S). EI, Center for Surveillance and Laboratory Services (U.S) E, Team. C-19 R, Eds. 2020; (accessed on 3 September 2020); Liu, T., Gong, D., Xiao, J., Hu, J., He, G., Rong, Z., Ma, W., Cluster infections play important roles in the rapid evolution of COVID-19 transmission: A systematic review (2020) Int. J. Infect. Dis, 99, pp. 374-380. , [CrossRef]; Champion, V.L., Skinner, C.S., The health belief model (2008) Health Behav. Health Educ. Theory Res. Pract, 4, pp. 45-65; Brehm, J.W., (1966) A Theory of Psychological Reactance, , Academic Press: New York, USA; Bonell, C., Michie, S., Reicher, S., West, R., Bear, L., Yardley, L., Curtis, V., Rubin, G.J., Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain ’social distancing’ in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Key principles (2020) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 74, pp. 617-619; Hall, M.G., Sheeran, P., Noar, S.M., Boynton, M.H., Ribisl, K.M., Parada, H., Johnson, T.O., Brewer, N.T., Negative affect, message reactance and perceived risk: How do pictorial cigarette pack warnings change quit intentions? (2017) Tob. Control, 27, pp. e136-e142. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Yang, B., Liu, J., Popova, L., Feeling Hopeful Motivates Change: Emotional Responses to Messages Communicating Comparative Risk of Electronic Cigarettes and Combusted Cigarettes (2019) Health Educ. Behav, 46, pp. 471-483. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Wang, M.L., Behrman, P., Dulin, A., Baskin, M.L., Buscemi, J., Alcaraz, K.I., Goldstein, C.M., FitzGibbon, M., Addressing inequities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality: Research and policy recommendations (2020) Transl. Behav. Med, 10, pp. 516-519. , [CrossRef] [PubMed] PY - 2020 SN - 16617827 (ISSN) SP - 1-12 ST - Motivations and barriers for the use of face coverings during the covid-19 pandemic: Messaging insights from focus groups T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Motivations and barriers for the use of face coverings during the covid-19 pandemic: Messaging insights from focus groups UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097559157&doi=10.3390%2fijerph17249298&partnerID=40&md5=ede8c815f2ce5f121c74ed8f2bf25520 VL - 17 ID - 249 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Infection Control Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Hospital Epidemiology, UNC Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Shenoy, E. S. AU - Weber, D. J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1017/ice.2020.1428 J2 - Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. KW - Asymptomatic COVID-19 Healthcare personnel SARS-CoV-2 Testing LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ICEPE Correspondence Address: Shenoy, E.S.; Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Gr-J 504, United States; email: eshenoy@mgh.harvard.edu References: Testing, Screening, and Outbreak Response for Institutions of Higher Education (IHEs) 2020, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/collegesuniversities/ihe-testing.html; DiFiori, J.P., Green, G., Meeuwisse, W., Putukian, M., Solomon, G.S., Sills, A., Return to sport for North American professional sport leagues in the context of COVID-19 (2020) Br J Sports Med; Resocialization of Collegiate Sport: Developing Standards for Practice and Competition 2020 [11/17/2020], , http://www.ncaa.org/sport-scienceinstitute/resocialization-collegiate-sport-developing-standards-practice-and-competition; Murray, M.T., Riggs, M.A., Engelthaler, D.M., Johnson, C., Watkins, S., Longenberger, A., Mitigating a covid-19 outbreak among major league baseball players - United States, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (42), pp. 1542-1546; Teran, R.A.G.I., Gretsch, S., Cable, T., Black, S.R., Green, S.J., Perez, P., Chlipala, G.E., Fricchione, M.J., Covid-19 outbreak among a university's men's and women's soccer teams- Chicago, Illinois, July-August 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 1591-1594; Szablewski, C.M., Chang, K.T., Brown, M.M., Chu, V.T., Yousaf, A.R., Anyalechi, N., SARS-CoV-2 transmission and infection among attendees of an overnight camp - Georgia, June 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (31), pp. 1023-1025; (2020) Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/infection-control-recommendations.html; Healthcare Facilities: Managing Operations during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-hcf.html; Wang, X., Ferro, E.G., Zhou, G., Hashimoto, D., Bhatt, D.L., Association between universal masking in a health care system and SARS-COV-2 positivity among health care workers (2020) Jama; Steensels, D., Oris, E., Coninx, L., Nuyens, D., Delforge, M.L., Vermeersch, P., Hospital-wide SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening in 3056 staff in a tertiary center in Belgium (2020) Jama, 324 (2), pp. 195-197; Self, W.H., Tenforde, M.W., Stubblefield, W.B., Feldstein, L.R., Steingrub, J.S., Shapiro, N.I., Seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 among frontline health care personnel in a multistate hospital network - 13 academic medical centers, April-June 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (35), pp. 1221-1226; Ellsworth, M., Chang, M., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Mind the gap: The hospital breakroom (2020) American Journal of Infection Control, 48 (10), p. 1285; Çelebi, G., Pişkin, N., Çelik Bekleviç, A., Altunay, Y., Salcı Keleş, A., Tüz, M.A., Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital (2020) American Journal of Infection Control, 48 (10), pp. 1225-1230; Haessler, S., Anatomy of a COVID-19 Outbreak, , SHEA Town Hall2020; Baker, M.A.F.K., Rhee, C., Williams, S.A., Tucker, R., Wickner, P., Resnick, A., Klompas, M., Low risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients exposed to infected healthcare workers Clin Infect Dis2020; Dashboard of Public Health Indicators- November 17, 2020 2020, , https://www.mass.gov/doc/covid-19-dashboard-november-17-2020/download; Luo, L., Liu, D., Liao, X., Wu, X., Jing, Q., Zheng, J., Contact settings and risk for transmission in 3410 close contacts of patients with Covid-19 in Guangzhou, China: A prospective cohort study (2020) Annals of Internal Medicine; Grijalva, C.G., Rolfes, M.A., Zhu, Y., McLean, H.Q., Hanson, K.E., Belongia, E.A., Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infections in households - Tennessee and Wisconsin, April-September 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (44), pp. 1631-1634; Ng, K., Poon, B.H., Kiat Puar, T.H., Shan Quah, J.L., Loh, W.J., Wong, Y.J., Covid-19 and the risk to health care workers: A case report (2020) Annals of Internal Medicine, 172 (11), pp. 766-767; Burke, R.M., Midgley, C.M., Dratch, A., Fenstersheib, M., Haupt, T., Holshue, M., Active monitoring of persons exposed to patients with confirmed covid-19 - United States, January-February 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (9), pp. 245-246; Heinzerling, A., Stuckey, M.J., Scheuer, T., Xu, K., Perkins, K.M., Resseger, H., Transmission of covid-19 to health care personnel during exposures to a hospitalized patient - Solano County, California, February 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (15), pp. 472-476; Bays, D.J., Nguyen, M.H., Cohen, S.H., Waldman, S., Martin, C.S., Thompson, G.R., Investigation of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission from two patients to health care workers identifies close contact but not airborne transmission events Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 2020, pp. 1-22; Ghinai, I., McPherson, T.D., Hunter, J.C., Kirking, H.L., Christiansen, D., Joshi, K., First known person-to-person transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the USA (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1137-1144. , London, England. 10230; Cheng, H.Y., Jian, S.W., Liu, D.P., Ng, T.C., Huang, W.T., Lin, H.H., Contact tracing assessment of covid-19 transmission dynamics in Taiwan and risk at different exposure periods before and after symptom onset (2020) JAMA Internal Medicine; Baker, M.A., Rhee, C., Fiumara, K., Bennett-Rizzo, C., Tucker, R., Williams, S.A., COVID-19 infections among HCWs exposed to a patient with a delayed diagnosis of COVID-19 (2020) Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 41 (9), pp. 1075-1076; (2020) Statement for Media Regarding COVID-19 Cluster; (2020) Beyond the Curve, , Mass General Minute; Henderson, D., (2020) SARS-CoV-2 Testing at the NIH, , SHEA Town Hall; (2020) COVID-19 Asymptomatic Testing Program for Onsite Employees, Students, and Trainees; (2020), https://coronavirus.ucsf.edu/dashboard, UCSF COVID-19 Dashboard: University of California San Francisco; Successful employee testing program yields reassuring results (2020) The Bulletin PY - 2020 SN - 0899823X (ISSN) ST - Routine surveillance of asymptomatic healthcare personnel for SARS-COV-2: Not a prevention strategy T2 - Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology TI - Routine surveillance of asymptomatic healthcare personnel for SARS-COV-2: Not a prevention strategy UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099390165&doi=10.1017%2fice.2020.1428&partnerID=40&md5=11d7c965f9462f11f50fe747f1b96f65 ID - 530 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Shenvi, C. L. C2 - 32828332 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.028 IS - 3 J2 - Ann. Emerg. Med. KW - catecholamine benign neoplasm brain tumor computer assisted tomography coronavirus disease 2019 craniotomy death Editorial emergency medicine headache health insurance human neurosurgery nuclear magnetic resonance imaging priority journal prognosis seizure tumor recurrence LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AEMED Correspondence Address: Shenvi, C.L.Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina, United States; email: cshenvi@med.unc.edu PY - 2020 SN - 01960644 (ISSN) SP - 365-366 ST - Memento Mori T2 - Annals of Emergency Medicine TI - Memento Mori UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089553911&doi=10.1016%2fj.annemergmed.2020.05.028&partnerID=40&md5=b07643d76780b29df23e42b041ba62d2 VL - 76 ID - 389 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The recent development and regulatory approval of a variety of serological assays indicating the presence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to rapid and widespread implementation of seroprevalence studies. Accurate estimates of seroprevalence are needed to model transmission dynamics and estimate mortality rates. Furthermore, seroprevalence levels in a population help guide policy surrounding reopening efforts. The literature to date has focused heavily on issues surrounding the quality of seroprevalence tests and less on the sampling methods that ultimately drive the representativeness of resulting estimates. Seroprevalence studies based on convenience samples are being reported widely and extrapolated to larger populations for the estimation of total coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, comparisons of prevalence across geographic regions, and estimation of mortality rates. In this viewpoint, we discuss the pitfalls that can arise with the use of convenience samples and offer guidance for moving towards more representative and timely population estimates of COVID-19 seroprevalence. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Shook-Sa, B. E. AU - Boyce, R. M. AU - Aiello, A. E. C2 - 32750135 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/infdis/jiaa429 IS - 7 J2 - J. Infect. Dis. KW - Address-based sampling Convenience sampling COVID-19 Seroprevalence Transmission clinical practice coronavirus disease 2019 disease transmission household human mortality rate nonhuman priority journal Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Betacoronavirus blood Coronavirus infection health survey immunology pandemic reproducibility seroepidemiology severe acute respiratory syndrome virology virus pneumonia virus antibody Antibodies, Viral Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Population Surveillance Reproducibility of Results Sampling Studies Seroepidemiologic Studies LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JIDIA Correspondence Address: Shook-Sa, B.E.; Department of Biostatistics, 135 Dauer Drive, 3101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB #7420, United States; email: bshooksa@live.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Viral Funding details: North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, NCDHHS Funding details: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CPC, NIH P2C HD050924 Funding text 1: Funding for seroprevalence studies was provided by the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Carolina Population Center under grant number: NIH P2C HD050924. References: Guidelines: opening up America again, , https://www.whitehouse.gov/openingamerica, Whitehouse.gov and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 9 June 2020; Akpan, N., Here's how to stop the virus from winning National Geographic, , https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/06/how-to-stopcoronavirus-surges-from-winning-the-war-cvd/, Accessed 1 July 2020; Winter, AK, Hegde, ST., The important role of serology for COVID-19 control (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 758-759; Song, J-Y, Yun, J-G, Noh, J-Y, Cheong, H-J, Kim, W-J., Covid-19 in South Korea-challenges of subclinical manifestations (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1858-1859; Mallapaty, S., Antibody tests suggest that coronavirus infections vastly exceed official counts, , https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01095-0, Accessed 9 June 2020; Petherick, A., Developing antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1101-1102; Goodman, JD, Rothfeld, M., 1 in 5 New Yorkers May Have Had Covid-19, Antibody Tests Suggest, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/23/nyregion/coronavirus-antibodiestest-ny.html?action=click&module=Spotlight&pgtype=Homepage, Accessed 9 June 2020; Bendavid, E, Mulaney, B, Sood, N, COVID-19 antibody seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, California (2020), https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.14.20062463v2, medRxiv [Preprint]; Sood, N, Simon, P, Ebner, P, Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies among adults in Los Angeles County, California, on April 10-11, 2020 (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2425-2427; Rosenberg, ES, Tesoriero, JM, Rosenthal, EM, Cumulative incidence and diagnosis of SARSCoV-2 infection in New York [published online ahead of print June 17, 2020] (2020) Ann Epidemiol, , S1047-2797(20)30201-5; Yancy, CW., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1891-1892; Larremore, DB, Fosdick, BK, Bubar, KM, Estimating SARSCoV-2 seroprevalence and epidemiological parameters with uncertainty from serological surveys (2020) medRxiv, , https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.20067066v2, [Preprint]; Bosman, J, Mervosh, S., As virus surges, younger people account for “Disturbing” number of cases, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/25/us/coronaviruscases-young-people.html, Accessed 2 July 2020; Baker, MG, Peckham, TK, Seixas, NS., Estimating the burden of United States workers exposed to infection or disease: a key factor in containing risk of COVID-19 infection (2020) PloS One, 15, p. e0232452; Sen-Crowe, B, McKenney, M, Elkbuli, A., Social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: staying home save lives (2020) Am J Emerg Med, 38, pp. 1519-1520; Kolata, G., CoronavirusInfectionsMayNot BeUncommon,TestsSuggest, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/21/health/coronavirus-antibodiescalifornia.html.Accessed12June2020, Availableat; Groves, RM, Fowler, FJ, Couper, MP, Lepkowski, JM, Singer, E, Tourangeau, R., (2009) Survey Methodology, , Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; Frasier, A, Guyer, H, DiGrande, L, Domanico, R, Cooney, D, Eckman, S., Design for a mail survey to determine prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the United States (2020) Surv Res Methods, 14, pp. 131-139; Iannacchione, VG., The changing role of address-based sampling in survey research (2011) Public Opin Q, 75, pp. 556-575; Shook-Sa, BE, Currivan, DB, McMichael, JP, Iannacchione, VG., Extending the coverage of address-based sampling frames: beyond the USPS computerized delivery sequence file (2013) Public Opin Q, 77, pp. 994-1005; Battaglia, MP, Dillman, DA, Frankel, MR, Sampling, data collection, and weighting procedures for address-based sample surveys (2016) J Surv Stat Methodol, 4, pp. 476-500; Schnell, R, Smid, M., Methodological problems and solutions for sampling in epidemiological SARS-CoV-2 research (2020) Surv Res Methods, 14, pp. 123-129; Holzer, JK, Ellis, L, Merritt, MW., Why we need community engagement in medical research (2014) J Invest Med, 62, pp. 851-855; Gillings School partners with state, local agencies in North Carolina to study COVID-19 cases with mild or no symptoms, , https://sph.unc.edu/sph-news/gillings-school-partners-with-statelocal-agencies-in-north-carolinato-study-covid-19-cases-with-mild-or-no-symptoms/, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health Communications. Accessed 9 June 2020; Stringhini, S, Wisniak, A, Piumatti, G, Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Geneva, Switzerland (SEROCoVPOP): a population-based study (2020) Lancet PY - 2020 SN - 00221899 (ISSN) SP - 1086-1089 ST - Estimation without representation: Early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence studies and the path forward T2 - Journal of Infectious Diseases TI - Estimation without representation: Early severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence studies and the path forward UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090170164&doi=10.1093%2finfdis%2fjiaa429&partnerID=40&md5=caa415c174aa07e2b81bf4147c70b74e VL - 222 ID - 348 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Importance: Procuring respiratory protection for clinicians and other health care workers has become a major challenge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and has resulted in nonstandard practices such as the use of expired respirators and various decontamination processes to prolong the useful life of respirators in health care settings. In addition, imported, non-National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-approved respirators have been donated or acquired by hospitals as a potential replacement for limited NIOSH-approved N95 respirators. Objective: To assess fitted filtration efficiencies (FFEs) for face mask alternatives used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design, Setting, and Participants: For this quality-improvement study conducted between April and June 2020, we used the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Quantitative Fit Testing Protocol for Filtering Facepiece Respirators in a laboratory atmosphere supplemented with sodium chloride particles to assess the FFEs of a variety of respirators worn by a male volunteer and female volunteer. Main Outcomes and Measures: The FFEs of respirators commonly worn by clinicians and other health care workers and available respirator alternatives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Of the 29 different fitted face mask alternatives tested on 1 man and 1 woman, expired N95 respirators with intact elastic straps and respirators subjected to ethylene oxide and hydrogen peroxide sterilization had unchanged FFE (>95%). The performance of N95 respirators in the wrong size had slightly decreased performance (90%-95% FFE). All of the respirators not listed as approved in this evaluation (n = 6) failed to achieve 95% FFE. Neither of the 2 imported respirators authorized for use by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that were not NIOSH-approved tested in this study achieved 95% FFE, and the more effective of the 2 functioned at approximately 80% FFE. Surgical and procedural face masks had filtering performance that was lower relative to that of N95 respirators (98.5% overall FFE), with procedural face masks secured with elastic ear loops showing the lowest efficiency (38.1% overall FFE). Conclusions and Relevance: This quality-improvement study evaluating 29 face mask alternatives for use by clinicians interacting with patients during the COVID-19 pandemic found that expired N95 respirators and sterilized, used N95 respirators can be used when new N95 respirators are not available. Other alternatives may provide less effective filtration. © 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. AD - Infection Prevention Department, Unc Health Care, 101 Manning Dr, 1063 West Wing, Infection Prevention CB 7600, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Us Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States Trc, Raleigh, NC, United States AU - Sickbert-Bennett, E. E. AU - Samet, J. M. AU - Clapp, P. W. AU - Chen, H. AU - Berntsen, J. AU - Zeman, K. L. AU - Tong, H. AU - Weber, D. J. AU - Bennett, W. D. C2 - 32780113 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4221 32007143; Hinds, W.C., (1999) Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, pp. 196-199. , Filter efficiency. In:. 2nd ed. Wiley; Rengasamy, S., Eimer, B.C., Shaffer, R.E., Comparison of nanoparticle filtration performance of NIOSH-approved and CE-marked particulate filtering facepiece respirators (2009) Ann Occup Hyg, 53 (2), pp. 117-128. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/men086, doi: 19261695; Wong, S.C.Y., Kwong, R.T., Wu, T.C., Risk of nosocomial transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: An experience in a general ward setting in Hong Kong (2020) J Hosp Infect, 105 (2), pp. 119-127. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.03.036, doi: 32259546; Offeddu, V., Yung, C.F., Low, M.S.F., Tam, C.C., Effectiveness of masks and respirators against respiratory infections in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) Clin Infect Dis, 65 (11), pp. 1934-1942. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix681, doi: 29140516; Lynch, J.B., Davitkov, P., Anderson, D.J., (2020) Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on Infection Prevention in Patients with Suspected or Known COVID-19., , https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/covid-19-guideline-infection-prevention/, Infectious Diseases Society of America. April 27, Updated April 30, 2020. Accessed July 24, 2020 IS - 12 J2 - JAMA Intern. Med. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :20 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Sickbert-Bennett, E.E.; Infection Prevention Department, 101 Manning Dr, 1063 West Wing, Infection Prevention CB 7600, United States; email: emily.vavalle@unchealth.unc.edu Funding details: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, CR 83578501 Funding details: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC-CH Funding text 1: Funding/Support: This study was supported by a cooperative agreement between the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the US Environmental Protection Agency (CR 83578501). PY - 2020 SN - 21686106 (ISSN) SP - 1607-1612 ST - Filtration Efficiency of Hospital Face Mask Alternatives Available for Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic T2 - JAMA Internal Medicine TI - Filtration Efficiency of Hospital Face Mask Alternatives Available for Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089984052&doi=10.1001%2fjamainternmed.2020.4221&partnerID=40&md5=05a87d63ed6ca41dee71c6042a26cd1a VL - 180 ID - 276 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Thrombosis has emerged as an important complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly among individuals with severe illness. However, the precise incidence of thrombotic events remains uncertain due to differences in study design, patient populations, outcome ascertainment, event definitions, and reporting. In an effort to overcome some of these challenges and promote standardized data collection and reporting in clinical studies, the American Society of Hematology Research Collaborative COVID-19 Non-Malignant Hematology Task Force, in collaboration with the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis COVID-19 Task Force, developed sets of data elements in the following domains: venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, stroke/transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial thrombosis, bleeding, laboratory investigations, and antithrombotic therapy. Data elements in each of these domains were developed with 3 levels of detail to facilitate their incorporation into studies evaluating a range of interventions and outcomes. Previously published data elements were included where possible. The use of standardized variables in a range of clinical studies can enhance the quality of data collection, create efficiency, enhance comparison of results across studies, and facilitate future pooling of data sets. © 2020 by The American Society of Hematology. AD - Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Division of Hematology & Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Siegal, D. M. AU - Barnes, G. D. AU - Langlois, N. J. AU - Lee, A. AU - Middeldorp, S. AU - Skeith, L. AU - Wood, W. A. AU - Le Gal, G. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003269 IS - 24 J2 - Blood Adv. KW - antithrombotic therapy artery thrombosis Article bleeding cerebrovascular accident clinical outcome coronavirus disease 2019 data quality disease severity drug therapy heart infarction hemostasis human incidence information processing laboratory test medical documentation priority journal standardization thrombosis transient ischemic attack venous thromboembolism LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Le Gal, G.; Ottawa Hospital, Box 201A, 501 Smyth Rd, Canada; email: glegal@ohri.ca Funding details: Government of Ontario Funding details: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, HSF Funding text 1: University of Ottawa. The contribution of N.J.L. was supported by the CanVECTOR and INVENT research networks. Funding text 2: G.L.G. is supported by an Early Researcher Award from the Province of Ontario, a Mid-Career Investigator Award from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, and a Research Chair on the Diagnosis of Venous Thromboembolism, Department of Medicine References: Tang, N, Li, D, Wang, X, Sun, Z., Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18 (4), pp. 844-847; Cui, S, Chen, S, Li, X, Liu, S, Wang, F., Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18 (6), pp. 1421-1424; Klok, FA, Kruip, MJHA, van der Meer, NJM, Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 (2020) Thromb Res, 191, pp. 145-147; Klok, FA, Kruip, MJHA, van der Meer, NJM, Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: an updated analysis (2020) Thromb Res, 191, pp. 148-150; Llitjos, JF, Leclerc, M, Chochois, C, High incidence of venous thromboembolic events in anticoagulated severe COVID-19 patients (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18 (7), pp. 1743-1746; Middeldorp, S, Coppens, M, van Haaps, TF, Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18 (8), pp. 1995-2002; Helms, J, Tacquard, C, Severac, F, High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study (2020) Intensive Care Med, 46 (6), pp. 1089-1098. , CRICS TRIGGERSEP Group (Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis Trial Group for Global Evaluation and Research in Sepsis); Al-Ani, F, Chehade, S, Lazo-Langner, A., Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review (2020) Thromb Res, 192, pp. 152-160; Al-Samkari, H, Karp Leaf, RS, Dzik, WH, COVID-19 and coagulation: bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Blood, 136 (4), pp. 489-500; Kearon, C., Natural history of venous thromboembolism (2003) Circulation, 107 (23suppl 1), pp. I22-I30; Carrier, M, Righini, M, Wells, PS, Subsegmental pulmonary embolism diagnosed by computed tomography: incidence and clinical implications. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the management outcome studies (2010) J Thromb Haemost, 8 (8), pp. 1716-1722; Merkler, AE, Parikh, NS, Mir, S, Risk of ischemic stroke in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vs patients with influenza (2020) JAMA Neurol, 77 (11), p. 1366; Bikdeli, B, Madhavan, MV, Jimenez, D, Endorsed by the ISTH, NATF, ESVM, and the IUA, Supported by the ESC Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC State-of-the-Art Review (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol, 75 (23), pp. 2950-2973. , Global COVID-19 Thrombosis Collaborative Group; Moores, LK, Tritschler, T, Brosnahan, S, Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of VTE in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report (2020) Chest, 158 (3), pp. 1143-1163; Le Gal, G, Carrier, M, Castellucci, LA, Development and implementation of common data elements for venous thromboembolism research: official Communication from the SSC of the ISTH [published online ahead of print 18 November 2020] J Thromb Haemost; Tritschler, T, Kraaijpoel, N, Girard, P, Definition of pulmonary embolism-related death and classification of the cause of death in venous thromboembolism studies: communication from the SSC of the ISTH (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18 (6), pp. 1495-1500. , Subcommittee on Predictive and Diagnostic Variables in Thrombotic Disease; Schulman, S, Kearon, C, Definition of major bleeding in clinical investigations of antihemostatic medicinal products in non-surgical patients (2005) J Thromb Haemost, 3 (4), pp. 692-694. , Subcommittee on Control of Anticoagulation of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis; Kaatz, S, Ahmad, D, Spyropoulos, AC, Schulman, S, Definition of clinically relevant non-major bleeding in studies of anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolic disease in non-surgical patients: communication from the SSC of the ISTH (2015) J Thromb Haemost, 13 (11), pp. 2119-2126. , Subcommittee on Control of Anticoagulation; Howard, VJ, Cushman, M, Pulley, L, The reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study: objectives and design (2005) Neuroepidemiology, 25 (3), pp. 135-143; Hicks, KA, Tcheng, JE, Bozkurt, B, American Heart Association. 2014 ACC/AHA key data elements and definitions for cardiovascular endpoint events in clinical trials: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to Develop Cardiovascular Endpoints Data Standards) (2015) Circulation, 132 (4), pp. 302-361 PY - 2020 SN - 24739529 (ISSN) SP - 6259-6273 ST - A toolkit for the collection of thrombosis-related data elements in COVID-19 clinical studies T2 - Blood Advances TI - A toolkit for the collection of thrombosis-related data elements in COVID-19 clinical studies UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098123044&doi=10.1182%2fbloodadvances.2020003269&partnerID=40&md5=a615d801094e6e76a72625eeaedd4064 VL - 4 ID - 238 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] are frequently treated with immunosuppressant medications. During the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic, recommendations for IBD management have included that patients should stay on their immunosuppressant medications if they are not infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2], but to temporarily hold these medications if symptomatic with COVID-19 or asymptomatic but have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. As more IBD patients are infected globally, it is important to also understand how to manage IBD medications during convalescence while an individual with IBD is recovering from COVID-19. In this review, we address the differences between a test-based versus a symptoms-based strategy as related to COVID-19, and offer recommendations on when it is appropriate to consider restarting IBD therapy in patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 or with clinical symptoms consistent with COVID-19. In general, we recommend a symptoms-based approach, due to the current lack of confidence in the accuracy of available testing and the clinical significance of prolonged detection of virus via molecular testing. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com AD - Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock IBD Center, Lebanon, NH, United States Gastroenterology Department, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, NJ, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Departments of Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Gastroenterology, Evaggelismos-Ophthalmiatreion Athinon-Polykliniki GHA, Athens, Greece AU - Siegel, C. A. AU - Christensen, B. AU - Kornbluth, A. AU - Rosh, J. R. AU - Kappelman, M. D. AU - Ungaro, R. C. AU - Johnson, D. F. AU - Chapman, S. AU - Wohl, D. A. AU - Mantzaris, G. J. AU - International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel, Diseases C2 - 33085972 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa135 J2 - J. Crohn's Colitis KW - Biologic Crohn's De-escalation IBD Immunomodulator immunosuppressive agent Article asymptomatic disease clinical research convalescence coronavirus disease 2019 Crohn disease diagnostic accuracy disease association disease management drug dose escalation drug indication drug safety drug withdrawal human inflammatory bowel disease nonhuman patient patient identification practice guideline priority journal reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 symptom asymptomatic infection Betacoronavirus complication consensus development Coronavirus infection drug administration immunocompromised patient immunology isolation and purification laboratory technique pandemic risk assessment virus pneumonia Asymptomatic Infections Clinical Laboratory Techniques Coronavirus Infections Drug Administration Schedule Humans Immunocompromised Host Immunosuppressive Agents Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - [IOIBD] Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Siegel, C.A.; Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, United States; email: corey.a.siegel@hitchcock.org Chemicals/CAS: Immunosuppressive Agents References: Holmer, A, Singh, S., Overall and comparative safety of biologic and immunosuppressive therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases (2019) Expert Rev Clin Immunol, 15, pp. 969-979; Al-Ani, AH, Prentice, RE, Rentsch, CA, Review article: prevention, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 in the IBD patient (2020) Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 52, pp. 54-72; Danese, S, Cecconi, M, Spinelli, A., Management of IBD during the COVID-19 outbreak: resetting clinical priorities (2020) Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol, 17, pp. 253-255; Kennedy, NA, Jones, GR, Lamb, CA, British Society of Gastroenterology guidance for management of inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Gut, 69, pp. 984-990; Rubin, DT, Feuerstein, JD, Wang, AY, AGA clinical practice update on management of inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: expert commentary (2020) Gastroenterology, , [Epub ahead of print]; Turner, D, Huang, Y, Martín-de-Carpi, J, Corona virus disease 2019 and paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: global experience and provisional guidance [March 2020] from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (2020) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 70, pp. 727-733. , Paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN; Rubin, DT, Abreu, MT, Rai, V, Management of patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis during the COVID-19 pandemic: results of an international meeting (2020) Gastroenterology, , [Epub ahead of print]; Brenner, EJ, Ungaro, RC, Colombel, JF, Secure-IBD Database Public Data Update, , covidibd.org. Accessed May 3, 2020; Bezzio, C, Saibeni, S, Variola, A, Outcomes of COVID-19 in 79 patients with IBD in Italy: an IG-IBD study (2020) Gut, 69, pp. 1213-1217; Haberman, R, Axelrad, J, Chen, A, Covid-19 in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases ‐ case series from New York (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 85-88; Beaugerie, L, Rahier, JF, Kirchgesner, J., Predicting, preventing, and managing treatment-related complications in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (2020) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 18, pp. 1324-1335. , e2; https://http://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.20085613v1, Accessed May 12, 2020; Zhou, F, Yu, T, Du, R, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/disposition-hospitalizedpatients.html, Acceessed on May 9, 2020; Prescott, J, Falzarano, D, de Wit, E, Pathogenicity and viral shedding of MERS-CoV in immunocompromised rhesus macaques (2018) Front Immunol, 9, p. 205; Eichenberger, EM, Soave, R, Zappetti, D, Incidence, significance, and persistence of human coronavirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (2019) Bone Marrow Transplant, 54, pp. 1058-1066; http://www.idsociety.org/globalassets/idsa/public-health/covid-19/idsacovid-19-antibody-testing-primer.pdf, Accessed May 9, 2020; https://http://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/returnto-work.html?CDC_AA_refVal&=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fhealthcare-facilities%2Fhcpreturn-work.html, Accessed May 9, 2020; https://http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/covid-19-guidance-discharge-and-ending-isolation-firstupdate.pdf, Accessed May 9, 2020UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094097843&doi=10.1093%2fecco-jcc%2fjjaa135&partnerID=40&md5=80724ea60677b6921a3fb396c78233ab PY - 2020 SN - 18739946 (ISSN) SP - S769-S773 ST - Guidance for restarting inflammatory bowel disease therapy in patients who withheld immunosuppressant medications during COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Crohn's and Colitis TI - Guidance for restarting inflammatory bowel disease therapy in patients who withheld immunosuppressant medications during COVID-19 VL - 14 ID - 336 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics 2015 policy statement on telehealth proposed that telehealth could increase access to high-quality pediatric care and that pediatricians should work to reduce barriers to telehealth for their patients. However, little is known about pediatricians’ experiences with and attitudes toward telehealth. Methods: Data from a nationally representative survey of American Academy of Pediatrics postresidency US member pediatricians in 2016, restricted to respondents providing direct patient care (n = 744; response rate = 48.7%). Survey collected information on experience with telehealth in the previous 12 months, perceived barriers to telehealth incorporation, and conditions under which nonusers would consider using telehealth. In addition to descriptive statistics, we used multivariable logistic regression to examine characteristics associated with any telehealth experience in the past 12 months. Results: Fifteen percent of pediatricians reported any telehealth use in the 12 months prior to the survey. The most commonly reported barriers to telehealth adoption were insufficient payment and billing issues. Multivariable regression models indicated that pediatricians in rural areas, the West, and subspecialists were most likely to report telehealth use, and identifying barriers was negatively associated with telehealth use. Among nonusers, over half indicated they would consider adopting telehealth if they were paid for the visits. Conclusion: Telehealth is considered an important health care delivery mechanism, but only 15% of pediatricians in 2016 reported having used telehealth. Reducing barriers will be instrumental in promoting future telehealth adoption. Many barriers have been reduced during the response to COVID-19, and the impact of these policy changes will need further study. © 2020 Academic Pediatric Association AD - Research, American Academy of Pediatrics, Itasca, Ill, United States Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Public and Community Health, University of MontanaMissoula, Montana Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholar Mercy Clinic, St. Louis, Mo, United States Center for Telehealth, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States AU - Sisk, B. AU - Alexander, J. AU - Bodnar, C. AU - Curfman, A. AU - Garber, K. AU - McSwain, S. D. AU - Perrin, J. M. C2 - 32437881 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.acap.2020.05.004 IS - 5 J2 - Acad. Pediatr. KW - pediatrician survey telehealth adult Article coronavirus disease 2019 female health care policy health survey human major clinical study male patient care pediatrician personal experience physician attitude rural area suburban area Betacoronavirus clinical practice Coronavirus infection health personnel attitude middle aged pandemic pediatrics questionnaire telemedicine United States virus pneumonia Attitude of Health Personnel Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Practice Patterns, Physicians' Surveys and Questionnaires LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Sisk, B.; American Academy of Pediatrics, 345 Park Blvd, United States; email: bsisk@aap.org Funding details: American Academy of Pediatrics, AAP Funding text 1: Financial statement: This survey was funded by the American Academy of Pediatrics . References: Field, M.J., (1996) Telemedicine: A Guide to Assessing Telecommunications in Health Care, , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45448/, National Academies Press (US) Washington (DC) Available at: Accessed October 30, 2018; (2020), https://www.healthit.gov/faq/what-telehealth-how-telehealth-different-telemedicine, The Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. What is telehealth? How is telehealth different from telemedicine? Available at: 2019. Accessed March 2; Yang, Y.T., (2016) Telehealth Parity Laws, pp. 1-5; Kahn, J., Virtual visits—confronting the challenges of telemedicine (2015) N Engl J Med, 372, pp. 1684-1685; Report to Congress: E-Health and Telemedicine (2016), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Washington, DC; Gumpert, K., (2018), https://www.reuters.com/article/usa-healthcare-telemedicine-idUSL1N14B20B20151223, Telehealth services becoming popular with US consumers and insurers. Reuters. 2015. Available at: Accessed October 30; Khullar, D., Telemedicine is getting trendy, but doctors may not be keeping up (2018) The Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/telemedicine-is-getting-trendy-but-doctors-may-not-be-keeping-up/2018/04/20/681e1644-2178-11e8-badd-7c9f29a55815_story.html, Available at: Accessed October 30, 2018; Fact Sheet: Telehealth (2017), https://www.aha.org/system/files/2018-01/fs-telehealth.pdf, American Hospital Association Chicago, Ill Available at: Accessed May 26, 2020; The Role of Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment: Workshop Summary (2012), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207145/, The National Academies Press Washington, DC Available at: Accessed October 30, 2018; Adler-Milstein, J., Kvedar, J., Bates, D.W., Telehealth among US hospitals: several factors, including state reimbursement and licensure policies, influence adoption (2014) Health Aff Proj Hope, 33, pp. 207-215; Younts, J., Telehealth Utilization: Potential Benefits of Expanded Coverage and Reimbursement (2015), https://www.thinkbrg.com/media/publication/689_689_Younts_Telehealth_Whitepaper_20150916.pdf, Berkeley Research Group Washington (DC) Available at: Accessed May 26, 2020; Marcin, J., Rimsza, M.E., Moskowitz, W., The use of telemedicine to address access and physician workforce shortages (2015) Pediatrics, 136, pp. 202-209; Burke, B.L., Hall, R.W., Telemedicine: pediatric applications (2015) Pediatrics, 136, pp. e293-e308; Kane, C.K., Gillis, K., The use of telemedicine by physicians: still the exception rather than the rule (2018) Health Aff (Millwood), 37, pp. 1923-1930; Moore, M.A., Coffman, M., Jetty, A., Only 15% of FPs report using telehealth; training and lack of reimbursement are top barriers (2016) Am Fam Physician, 93, p. 101; Olson, C.A., McSwain, S.D., Curfman, A.L., The current pediatric telehealth landscape (2018) Pediatrics, 141; (2020), http://services.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/aap-guidance-telehealth-payer-policy-in-response-to-covid-19/, American Academy of Pediatrics. AAP Guidance: telehealth payer policy in response to COVID-19. 2020. Available at: Accessed April 15; Coombs, B., Telehealth visits are booming as doctors and patients embrace distancing amid the coronavirus crisis (2020) CNBC, , https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/03/telehealth-visits-could-top-1-billion-in-2020-amid-the-coronavirus-crisis.html, Available at: Accessed April 15, 2020; Jordan, K., (2020), https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/2020/04/14/telemedicine-virtual-health-coronavirus/, An unexpected benefit of the pandemic: the doctor will virtually see you now. The Washington Post. April 14, 2020. Available at: Accessed April 15; Robeznieks, A., (2020), https://www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/public-health/key-changes-made-telehealth-guidelines-boost-covid-19-care, Key Changes Made to Telehealth Guidelines to Boost COVID-19 Care. American Medical Association. 2020. Available at: Accessed April 15; (2020), https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-telehealth-market-in-us-to-reach-revenues-of-over-25-billion-during-the-period-2020-2025s-market-research-by-arizton-301040962.html, Arizton Advisory & Intelligence. The telehealth market in US to reach revenues of over $25 billion during the period 2020−2025. PRNewswire. April 15, 2020. Available at: Accessed April 15; (2020), https://www.pcpcc.org/2020/03/26/primary-care-covid-19-week-2-survey, Primary Care Collaborative; Larry A. Green Center. Primary Care & COVID-19: Week 2 Survey. Washington (DC): Primary Care Collaborative. March 26, 2020. Available at: Accessed April 15; (2020), https://www.R-project.org/, R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2013. Available at: Accessed May 26; State Telehealth Laws and Reimbursement Policies (2019), https://www.cchpca.org/sites/default/files/2019-05/cchp_report_MASTER_spring_2019_FINAL.pdf, National Telehealth Policy Resource Center Sacramento, Calif Available at: Accessed May 26, 2020; (2020), https://www.aap.org/en-us/professional-resources/practice-transformation/economics/Pages/Economics-of-Telehealth.aspx, American Academy of Pediatrics. Economics of Telehealth. Itasca, Ill. 2020. Available at: Accessed May 26; State Telehealth Medicaid Fee-For-Service Policy: A Historical Analysis of Telehealth, 2013–2019 (2020), https://www.cchpca.org/sites/default/files/2020-01/Historical%20State%20Telehealth%20Medicaid%20Fee%20For%20Service%20Policy%20Report%20FINAL.pdf, National Telehealth Policy Resource Center Sacramento, Calif Available at: Accessed May 26, 2020; Trzcinski, A., (2020), https://go.forrester.com/blogs/quick-resource-guide-to-help-organizations-scale-healthcare-support-during-covid-19/, Quick resource guide to help organizations scale healthcare support during COVID-19. Forrester. 2020. Available at: Accessed April 15; (2020), http://connectwithcare.org/state-telehealth-and-licensure-expansion-covid-19-chart/, Alliance for Connected Care. State telehealth and licensure expansion COVID-19 dashboard. Washington, DC; 2020. Available at: Accessed April 15; (2020), https://www.aafp.org/patient-care/emergency/2019-coronavirus/telehealth.html, American Academy of Family Physicians. Using telehealth to care for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020. Available at: Accessed April 15; (2020), https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/medicare-telemedicine-health-care-provider-fact-sheet, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Fact sheet: Medicare telemedicine health care provider fact sheet. March 17, 2020. Available at: Accessed April 15; (2020), https://www.pcpcc.org/2020/04/08/primary-care-covid-19-week-4-survey?language=en, Primary Care Collaborative; Larry A. Green Center. Primary Care & COVID-19: Week 4 Survey. Washington (DC): Primary Care Collaborative. April 8, 2020. Available at: Accessed April 15UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086018800&doi=10.1016%2fj.acap.2020.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=df785d2598c1a73dacca37ad930f696a PY - 2020 SN - 18762859 (ISSN) SP - 628-635 ST - Pediatrician Attitudes Toward and Experiences With Telehealth Use: Results From a National Survey T2 - Academic Pediatrics TI - Pediatrician Attitudes Toward and Experiences With Telehealth Use: Results From a National Survey VL - 20 ID - 465 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Vice Chair of Academic Affairs and Associate Program Director of the Diagnostic Radiology Residency, Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Vice Chair of Education, Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina Health Care, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Vice Chair of Education, Department of Radiology, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, United States AU - Slanetz, P. J. AU - Bedi, H. AU - Kesler, T. AU - Chetlen, A. C2 - 32846145 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.07.031 IS - 11 J2 - J. Am. Coll. Radiol. KW - Article coronavirus disease 2019 human medical literature radiology department residency education social distancing education epidemiology medical education publication radiology United States COVID-19 Education, Medical, Graduate Humans Internship and Residency Periodicals as Topic SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Slanetz, P.J.; Department of Radiology, 820 Harrison Avenue, FGH-4, United States; email: pslanetz@bu.edu References: Linzer, M., The journal club and medical education: over one hundred years of unrecorded history (1987) Postgrad Med J, 63, pp. 475-478; Itri, J., Olmsted, W.W., Nagy, P., A resident journal club for quality improvement (2011) J Am Coll Radiol, 8, pp. 225-227; Boatsman, J., Bennett, D.L., Meier, J., Zander, D., JACR journal club—the University of Iowa experience. J Am Coll Radiol 2012;9:148-149; Garg, T., Building a Twitter journal club (2019) J Am Coll Radiol, 16, p. 1012 PY - 2020 SN - 15461440 (ISSN) SP - 1496-1498 ST - Optimizing Journal Clubs in the Post–COVID-19 Era T2 - Journal of the American College of Radiology TI - Optimizing Journal Clubs in the Post–COVID-19 Era UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091050013&doi=10.1016%2fj.jacr.2020.07.031&partnerID=40&md5=611040cb5b6d92ccafc87d7f23baf6f5 VL - 17 ID - 304 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Departments of Family Medicine and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Sloane, P. D. C2 - 32674828 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.020 IS - 7 J2 - J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. KW - Coronavirus COVID-19 cruise ship health long-term care nursing homes prison medicine ADL disability chronic disease Coronavirinae coronavirus disease 2019 Editorial fever health care system human infection control long term care nursing home nursing home patient pandemic prison prisoner public health message respiratory tract infection ship Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection epidemic risk factor United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Disease Outbreaks Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Prisons Risk Factors Ships LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAMDC Correspondence Address: Sloane, P.D.; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Departments of Family Medicine and Internal Medicine, United States; email: JAMDA.Editors@paltc.org References: Nursing Home Compare https://www.medicare.gov/nursinghomecompare/results.html#loc=KIRKLAND%2C%20WA&lat=47.6814875&lng=-122.2087353&name=LIFE%20CARE%20CENTER%20OF%20KIRKLAND, Available at: (Accessed 20 April 2020); McMichael, T.M., Clark, S., Pogosjans, S., COVID-19 in a long-term care facility—King County, Washington, February 27-March 9, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 339-342; Stockman, F., Richtel, M., Ivory, D., Smith, M., “They're death pits”: Virus claims at least 7,000 lives in U.S. Nursing Homes. New York Times, April 17, 2020 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/17/us/coronavirus-nursing-homes.html, Available at: Accessed April 17, 2020; National Guard assists Delaware county nursing home with nearly 50 Covid-19 cases https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/coronavirus/national-guard-assists-delaware-county-nursing-home-with-nearly-50-covid-19-cases/2368162/, Available at: (Accessed 20 April 2020); The COVID-19 struggle in Chicago's Cook County jail https://www.npr.org/2020/04/13/833440047/the-covid-19-struggle-in-chicagos-cook-county-jail, Available at: (Accessed 18 April 2020); COVID-19 outbreak at local prison grows to over 250 inmates https://goldsborodailynews.com/blog/2020/04/17/covid-19-outbreak-at-local-prison-grows-to-over-250-inmates/, Available at: (Accessed 19 April 2020); 5th inmate from federal prison in Butner dies from coronavirus, 91 COVID-19 cases reported https://www.cbs17.com/news/local-news/5th-inmate-from-federal-prison-in-butner-dies-from-coronavirus-91-covid-19-cases-reported/, Available at: (Accessed 19 April 2020); Quinn, C., U.S. Cruise industry suspends operations in response to coronavirus. Conde Nast Traveler, March 16, 2020 https://www.cntraveler.com/story/us-cruise-industry-suspends-operations-in-response-to-coronavirus, Available at: Accessed April 17, 2020; Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic https://www.prisonpolicy.org/virus/virusresponse.html, Available at: (Accessed 21 April 2020); Marimow, A.E., Jackman, T., Prosecutors, defense attorneys press to release inmates, drop charges and thin jail population in response to the coronavirus. The Washington Post, March 19, 2020 https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/prosecutors-press-to-release-inmates-drop-charges-and-thin-prison-population-in-response-to-the-coronavirus/2020/03/19/13005ee6-6948-11ea-b313-df458622c2cc_story.html, Available at: (Accessed 21 April 2020); California urged to release older prisoners amid coronavirus, including violent offenders. The Guardian, April 6, 2020 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/06/california-prisons-older-inmates-coronavirus, Available at: (Accessed 21 April 2020); Powell, A., Epidemiologist says COVID-19 may be more infectious than thought. The Harvard Gazette, April 6, 2020 https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2020/04/a-way-to-manage-surge-in-nursing-home-covid-19-cases/, Available at: (Accessed 21 April 2020); Schoch, D., Families anxious over loved ones in nursing homes, assisted living https://www.aarp.org/caregiving/health/info-2020/preventing-coronavirus-in-nursing-homes.html, Available at: (Accessed 21 April 2020); Guidance for cruise ships on influenza-like illness (ILI) management https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/cruise/management/guidance-cruise-ships-influenza-updated.html, Available at: (Accessed 21 April 2020); Kak, V., Infections on cruise ships (2015) Microbiol Spectr, 3; Katz, P.R., Karuza, J., Physician practice in the nursing home: Missing in action or misunderstood (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc, 53, pp. 1826-1828; Sloane, P.D., Zimmerman, S., Ward, K., A 2-year pragmatic trial of antibiotic stewardship in 27 community nursing homes (2020) J Am Geriatr Soc, 68, pp. 46-54; No COVID-19 tests available for prisoners at center of New York outbreak, court documents show. ABC News https://abcnews.go.com/Health/covid-19-tests-prisoners-center-york-outbreak-court/story?id=69969077, Available at: (Accessed 18 April 2020); Preparedness, prevention and control of COVID-19 in prisons and other places of detention. Interim guidance. 15 March 2020 http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/434026/Preparedness-prevention-and-control-of-COVID-19-in-prisons.pdf?ua=1, Available at: (Accessed 18 April 2020); The heroism of health workers in the coronavirus crisis. The New York Times, March 26, 2020 https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/opinion/letters/coronavirus-health-care.html, Available at: (Accessed 22 April 2020); “A way to say, ‘This sucks.’” Amid coronavirus lockdowns, a nightly howling ritual sweeps America. Time, April 10, 2020 https://time.com/5819374/howling-ritual-coronavirus/, Available at: (Accessed 22 April 2020); COVID-19 relief supplies: Health & medical relief list. Charity Navigator https://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=content.view&cpid=7865, Available at: (Accessed 22 April 2020); Adams, J.G., Walls, R.M., Supporting the health care workforce during the COVID-19 global epidemic (2020) JAMA, , [Epub ahead of print]; Sacchetti, M., Swaine, J., Washington nursing home faces $611,000 fine over lapses during fatal coronavirus outbreak https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/wash-nursing-home-faces-611000-fine-over-lapses-during-fatal-coronavirus-outbreak/2020/04/02/757cee76-7498-11ea-87da-77a8136c1a6d_story.html, Available at: (Accessed 20 April 2020); Jacobs Slifka, K.M., Kabbani, S., Stone, N.D., Prioritizing prevention to combat multidrug resistance in nursing homes: A call to action (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 5-7; Stone, P.W., Herzig, C.T.A., Agarwal, M., Nursing home infection control program characteristics, CMS citations, and implementation of antibiotic stewardship policies: A national study (2018) Inquiry, 55. , 46958018778636; Medicare and Medicaid Programs; Reform of Requirements for Long-Term Care Facilities. Final Rule (2016) Fed Regist, 81, pp. 68688-68872; Pueyo, T., Coronavirus: The hammer and the dance. Medium, March 19, 2020 https://medium.com/@tomaspueyo/coronavirus-the-hammer-and-the-dance-be9337092b56, Available at: (Accessed 19 April 2020); Head, B.W., Wicked problems in public policy (2008) Public Policy, 3, pp. 101-118; Brown, V.A., Dean, P.M., Harris, J.A., Russell, J.Y., Towards a just and sustainable future (2010) Tackling Wicked Problems Through Transdisciplinary Imagination, pp. 3-15. , V.A. Brown J.A. Harris J.Y. Russel Earthscan New York; Roxby, A.C., Greninger, A.L., Hatfield, K.M., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 among residents and staff members of an independent and assisted living community for older adults—Seattle, Washington, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 416-418; Cesari, M., Proietti, M., COVID-19 in Italy: Ageism and decision-making in a Pandemic (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 576-577 PY - 2020 SN - 15258610 (ISSN) SP - 958-961 ST - Cruise Ships, Nursing Homes, and Prisons as COVID-19 Epicenters: A “Wicked Problem” With Breakthrough Solutions? T2 - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association TI - Cruise Ships, Nursing Homes, and Prisons as COVID-19 Epicenters: A “Wicked Problem” With Breakthrough Solutions? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087790701&doi=10.1016%2fj.jamda.2020.04.020&partnerID=40&md5=38e313da0056d48a37c6ce0894690bfa VL - 21 ID - 454 ER - TY - JOUR AB - COVID-19 has brought about an unprecedented time where a majority of major American sporting organizations have ceased competition. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) actions, historically an avenue for sport organizations to positively impact society, provide a compelling avenue of study during this time. While researchers have observed the role of CSR and crisis communication when the crisis arises from within the organization, there is a need to understand CSR shifts and responses when the crisis is on a societal level. This commentary examines efforts of major U.S. sport league CSR programs (National Basketball Association/Women's National Basketball Association, National Football League, Major League Baseball, Major League Soccer, and National Hockey League), starting in mid-March when the majority of organizations ceased competition. Data were gathered using a mixed-methods approach of qualitative interviews, secondary research, and social media sentiment analysis. Key findings included the emergence of two different approaches to CSR communication strategies among U.S. sport leagues as well as three clear themes of COVID-19- related communication: educate, assist, and inspire. In addition, this commentary provides an initial glance at consumer response to CSR programs, showing both positive and negative sentiment trends. © 2020 Human Kinetics, Inc. AD - University of the North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States AU - Smith, D. K. AU - Casper, J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1123/ijsc.2020-0241 IS - 3 J2 - Intl. J. Sprot Commun. KW - Crisis communication CSR Social sentiment LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Smith, D.K.; University of the North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States; email: daniellesmith@unc.edu References: Babiak, K., Wolfe, R., Determinants of corporate social responsibility in professional sport: Internal and external factors (2009) Journal of Sport Management, 23 (6), pp. 717-742; Coombs, W.T., Holladay, S.J., Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets: Initial tests of the situational crisis communication theory (2002) Management Communication Quarterly, 16 (2), pp. 165-186; (2020) Brandwatch, , www.brandwatch.com, Crimson Hexagon ForSight; Gratch, J., Lucas, G., Malandrakis, N., Szablowski, E., Fessler, E., Nichols, J., GOAALLL!: Using sentiment in the world cup to explore theories of emotion (2015) Paper presented at the 2015 International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACII), pp. 898-903; Kern, W.S., Introduction (2000) The economics of sports, pp. 1-6. , W.S. Kern (Ed); Kalamazoo, MI, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research for Employment Research; MLS Unites: Bringing the soccer community together during COVID-19 pandemic, , https://www.mlssoccer.com/mls-unites, Major League Soccer. (2020, May); Moran, E., NHL And MLB bringing STEM to homes of young fans (2020) Front Office Sports, , https://frntofficesport.com/nhl-mlb-stem-education/, (April 6). Retrieved from; NFL Draft-a-thon, , https://relief.nfl.com/, National Football League. (2020, May); Stanley, M., Why the increase in domestic violence during COVID-19? (2020) Psychology Today, , https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/, (May 9). Retrieved from; Wakefield, K.L., Wann, D.L., An examination of dysfunctional sport fans: Method of classification and relationships with problem behaviors (2006) Journal of Leisure Research, 38 (2), pp. 168-186; Zhang, Z., Surujlal, J., Willingness of sport fans to participate in socially responsible community programmes of professional sport organisations (2015) South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 37 (3), pp. 185-197 PY - 2020 SN - 19363915 (ISSN) SP - 335-343 ST - Making an impact: An initial review of U.S. sport league corporate social responsibility responses during COVID-19 T2 - International Journal of Sport Communication TI - Making an impact: An initial review of U.S. sport league corporate social responsibility responses during COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091509552&doi=10.1123%2fijsc.2020-0241&partnerID=40&md5=6aeedad395f4daf9b471b759a2cd5f1c VL - 13 ID - 372 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Academy of Endoscopy, Woodside, CA, United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, United States AU - Soetikno, R. AU - Asokkumar, R. AU - McGill, S. K. AU - Kaltenbach, T. C2 - 32773455 DB - Scopus DO - 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000788 IS - 9 J2 - Am. J. Gastroenterol. KW - Betacoronavirus clinical competence complication computer simulation Coronavirus infection digestive system disease education gastroenterologist human medical education pandemic procedures virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Digestive System Diseases Education, Medical, Graduate Gastroenterologists Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 15720241 (ISSN) SP - 1380-1383 ST - Simulation-Based Mastery Learning for Practicing Gastroenterologists-Renewed Importance in the Era of COVID-19 T2 - The American journal of gastroenterology TI - Simulation-Based Mastery Learning for Practicing Gastroenterologists-Renewed Importance in the Era of COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090492024&doi=10.14309%2fajg.0000000000000788&partnerID=40&md5=237db69c5b304a7373b7275d99965340 VL - 115 ID - 377 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic, beginning January 2020, has already had an unprecedented impact on children, families, and schools around the world and in the U.S. The context and impact has varied considerably over time, including tremendous variation in schools providing education services in-person, via remote/distance learning, and various hybrid configurations involving both in-person and remote/distance learning configurations. This special topic section of School Psychology Review aims to disseminate innovations and adaptations in research, training, and practice that help to inform and advance the field during the COVID-19 pandemic. This introductory article offers a brief acknowledgement of the pervasive impact on communities around the world, provides a succinct synthesis of several recent research developments focused on key issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic and school psychology, as well as the pervasive impact on society, and then highlights the first three articles featured in this special topic section focused on adaptations and new directions for the field. © 2020 National Association of School Psychologists. AD - University of Nevada, Las Vegas, United States University of Maryland, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Loyola University Chicago, United States University of California, Santa Barbara, United States AU - Song, S. Y. AU - Wang, C. AU - Espelage, D. L. AU - Fenning, P. AU - Jimerson, S. R. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/2372966X.2020.1852852 IS - 4 J2 - Sch. Psych. Rev. KW - COVID-19 education pandemic practice school psychology syndemic LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Jimerson, S.R.; University of NevadaUnited States References: Abbott, J.M., Klein, B., Ciechomski, L., Best practices in online therapy (2008) Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26 (2-4), pp. 360-375; Guidelines for the practice of telepsychology (2013) American Psychologist, 68 (9), pp. 791-800. , https://doi.org10.1037/a0035001, December; Aspiranti, K., Henze, E., Reynolds, J., Comparing paper and tablet modalities of math assessment for multiplication and addition (2020) School Psychology Review, 49 (4), pp. 453-465. , &, (,).,., (,)., http://dx.org/10.1080/2372966X.2020.1844548; Backhaus, A., Agha, Z., Maglione, M.L., Repp, A., Ross, B., Zuest, D., Rice-Thorp, N.M., Thorp, S.R., Videoconferencing psychotherapy: A systematic review (2012) Psychological Services, 9 (2), pp. 111-131; Brandenburg, J.E., Holman, L.K., Apkon, S.D., Houtrowd, A.J., Robert, R., Scholas, M.G., School reopening during COVID-19 pandemic: Considering students with disabilities (2020) Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, pp. 1-7. , Preprint; Callahan, J.L., Introduction to the special issue on telepsychotherapy in the age of COVID-19 (2020) Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30 (2), pp. 155-159; (2020) COVID-19 cases and deaths, , https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker, November 10; (2020) COVID-19 cases, hospitalization, and death by race/ethnicity, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/covid-data/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.pdf, April 8; (1986) The Combahee River Collective Statement: Black feminist organizing in the seventies and eighties, , https://combaheerivercollective.weebly.com/the-combahee-river-collective-statement.html, Kitchen Table/Women of Color Press; (2015) The Combahee River Collective Statement., , https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0028151/, United States Library of Congress; Correia, A.-P., Healing the digital divide during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) The Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 21 (1), pp. 13-21. , 1528-3518; Crenshaw, K., Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics (1989) The University of Chicago Legal Forum, 140, pp. 139-167. , https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/uclf/vol1989/iss1/8; Crenshaw, K., Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color (1991) Stanford Law Review, 43 (6), pp. 1241-1299; Drum, K.B., Littleton, H.L., Therapeutic boundaries in telepsychology: Unique issues and best practice recommendations. Professional 5 (2014) Psychology Research and Practice, 45 (5), pp. 309-315; Duan, L., Shao, X., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Miao, J., Yang, X., Zhu, G., An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in China during the outbreak of COVID-19 (2020) Journal of Affective Disorders, 275 (1), pp. 112-118; (2020) Map: Where Has COVID-19 Closed Schools? Where Are They Open?, , https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/map-covid-19-schools-open-closed.html, November 12; Farmer, R.L., McGill, R.J., Dombrowski, S.C., Benson, N.F., Smith-Kellen, S., Lockwood, A.B., Powell, S., Stinnett, T.A., Conducting psychoeducational assessments during the COVID-19 crisis: The danger of good intentions Contemporary School Psychologist, , in press; Gates, B., Responding to Covid-19 - A Once-in-a-Century Pandemic? (2020) The New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (18), pp. 1677-1679. , –,. April 30; Gaylord-Harden, N., Adams-Bass, V., Bogan, E., Francis, L., Scott, J., Seaton, E., Williams, J., (2020), https://www.srcd.org/research/addressing-inequities-education-considerations-black-children-and-youth-era-covid-19, Addressing inequities education: Considerations for Black children and youth. Statement of the Evidence, Society for Research Child Development (SRCD; Golberstein, E., Wen, H., Miller, B.F., Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Mental Health for Children and Adolescents (2020) JAMA Pediatrics, 174 (9), p. 819. , https://jamanetwork.com/, April 4). Retrieved April 18, 2020, from; Gruber, J., Prinstein, M.J., Clark, L.A., Rottenberg, J., Abramowitz, J.S., Albano, A.M., Aldao, A., Weinstock, L.M., Mental health and clinical psychological science in the time of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action (2020) American Psychologist, , …, August 10)., Advance online publication; Hilty, D.M., Ferrer, D.C., Burke Parish, M., Johnston, B., Callahan, E.J., Yellowlees, P.M., The effectiveness of telemental health: A 2013 review (2013) Telemedicine Journal and e-Health: The Official Journal of the American Telemedicine Association, 19 (6), pp. 444-454. , –,. [special section telemental health]; Hilty, D.M., Liu, W., Marks, S., Callahan, E.J., Effectiveness of telepsychiatry: A brief review (2003) Canadian Psychiatric Association Bulletin, 10, pp. 10-17. , October; Hilty, D.M., Maheu, M.M., Drude, K.P., Hertlein, K.M., The need to implement and evaluate telehealth competency frameworks to ensure quality care across behavioral health professions (2018) Academic Psychiatry : The Journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry, 42 (6), pp. 818-824; Humphreys, K.L., Myint, M.T., Zeanah, C.H., Increased risk for family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Pediatrics, 146 (1), p. e20200982; Jiao, W.Y., Wang, L.N., Liu, J., Fang, S.F., Jiao, F.Y., Pettoello-Mantovani, M., Somekh, E., Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the COVID-19 epidemic (2020) The Journal of Pediatrics, 221, pp. 264-266. , https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jpeds.2020.03.013; (2020) COVID-19’s historic economic impact in the U.S. and abroad, , https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/04/16/coronavirus-impact-on-european-american-economies/; Lopez, L., Barajas-Gonzalez, R.G., Diaz, G., Moreno, F., Garcia Coll, C., (2020), https://www.srcd.org/research/addressing-inequities-education-considerations-latinx-children-and-youth-era-covid-19, Addressing; Maheu, M.M., Drude, K.P., Hertlein, K.M., Lipschutz, R., Wall, K., Hilty, D.M., Correction to: An interprofessional framework for telebehavioral health competencies (2020) Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 5 (1), pp. 79-111; McCord, C., Bernhard, P., Walsh, M., Rosner, C., Console, K., A consolidated model for telepsychology practice (2020) Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76 (6), pp. 1060-1082; Mendenhall, E., Beyond comorbidity: A critical perspective of syndemic depression and diabetes in cross-cultural contexts (2016) Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 30 (4), pp. 462-478; Mendenhall, E., The COVID-19 syndemic is not global: Context matters (2020) The Lancet; (2020), https://www.nasponline.org/standards-and-certification/professional-ethics, The Professional Standards of the National Association of School Psychologists; (2020), https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/special-topics/emergency-preparedness/notification-enforcement-discretion-telehealth/index.html, March 30). Notification of enforcement discretion for telehealth remote communications during the COVID-19 nation-wide public health emergency. Department of Health and Human Services; Orgilés, M., Morales, A., Delvecchio, E., Mazzeschi, C., Espada, J.P., Immediate psychological effects of the COVID-19 quarantine in youth from Italy and Spain (2020) Preprint; Pisano, L., Galimi, D., Cerniglia, L., A qualitative report on exploratory data on the possible emotional/behavioral correlates of Covid-19 lockdown in 4–10 years children in Italy (2020) Psyarxiv, 2020. , https://psyarxiv.com/stwbn; Poteat, V.P., Marx, R., Calzo, J., Toomey, R., Ryan, C., Clark, C., Gulgoz, S., (2020), https://www.srcd.org/research/addressing-inequities-education-considerations-lgbtq-children-and-youth-era-covid-19, Addressing inequities education: Considerations for LGBTQ + children and youth the era of COVID-19. Statement of the Evidence, Society for Research Child Development (SRCD; Wendel, M., Ritchie, T., Rogers, M., Ogg, J., Santuzzi, A.M., Shelleby, E., Menter, K., The association between child ADHD symptoms and changes in parental involvement in kindergarten children’s learning during COVID-19 (2020) School Psychology Review, 49 (4), pp. 466-479. , &, (,).,., (,)., http://dx.org/10.1080/2372966X.2020.1838233; Rossen, L.M., Branum, A.M., Ahmad, F.B., Sutton, P., Anderson, R.N., Excess deaths associated with COVID-19, by age and race and Ethnicity–United States, January 26-October 3, 2020 (2020) MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69 (42), pp. 1522-1527; Salerno, J.P., Williams, N.D., Gattamorta, K.A., LGBTQ populations: Psychologically vulnerable communities in the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Psychological Trauma : theory, Research, Practice and Policy, 12 (S1), pp. S239-S242; Saurabh, K., Ranjan, S., Compliance and psychological impact of quarantine in children and adolescents due to Covid-19 pandemic (2020) Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87 (7), pp. 532-536; Scudellari, M., The pandemic’s future (2020) Nature, 584 (7819), pp. 22-25; Sharma, V., Ortiz, M.R., Sharma, N., Risk and protective factors for adolescent and young adult mental health within the context of COVID-19: A perspective from Nepal (2020) The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 67 (1), pp. 135-137. , https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jadohealth.2020.04.006; Singer, M., Bulled, N., Ostrach, B., Mendenhall, E., Syndemics and the biosocial conception of health (2017) The Lancet, 389 (10072), pp. 941-950; Stifel, S., Feinberg, D., Zhang, C., Chan, M., Wagle, R., Assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic: Ethical, legal, and safety considerations for moving forward (2020) School Psychology Review, 49 (4), pp. 438-452. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2020.1844549; Sullivan, A.L., Weeks, M., Kulkarni, T., Nguyen, T., Kendrick-Dunn, B.C., Historical foundations of health disparities: A primer for school psychologists to advance social justice (2020) Communiqué, 49 (2), pp. 30-32. , &)1; Tsethlikai, M., Sarche, M., Barnes, J., Fitzgerald, H., Addressing inequities in education: Considerations for American Indian and Alaska Native children and youth in the era of COVID-19 (2020) Statement of the Evidence, , https://www.srcd.org/research/addressing-inequities-education-considerations-american-indian-and-alaska-native-children, Society for Research Child Development (SRCD; VanLancker, W.V., Parolin, Z., COVID-19 school closures, and child poverty: A social crisis in the making (2020) The Lancet Public Health, 5 (5), pp. E243-E244; Velez, G., Spencer, M.B., Phenomenology and intersectionality: Using PVEST as a frame for adolescent identity formation amid intersecting ecological systems of inequality (2018) New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 161, pp. 75-90; Wakabayashi, T., Cheah, C., Chang, T., Lai, G., Subrahmanyam, K., Chaudhary, N., Hyun, S., Patel, P., (2020), https://www.srcd.org/research/addressing-inequities-education-considerations-asian-american-children-and-youth-era-covid, Addressing inequities education: Considerations for Asian American children and youth the era of COVID-19. Statement of the Evidence, Society; Webb, M.H., Nápoles, A.M., Pérez-Stable, E.J., COVID-19 and Racial/Ethnic Disparities (2020) JAMA, 323 (24), pp. 2466-2467; Wilson, S., (2020) Three reasons why Jacinda Ardern’s coronavirus response has been a masterclass in crisis leadership, , https://theconversation.com/threereasons-why-jacinda-arderns-coronavirus-response-has-been-a-masterclass-in-crisis-leadership-135541, The Conversation; (2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic; (2020), https://covid19.who.int/, WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard; Wright, A.J., Mihura, J.L., Pade, H., McCord, D.M., (2020) Guidance on psychological tele-assessment during the COVID-19 crisis, , https://www.apaservices.org/practice/reimbursement/health-codes/testing/tele-assessment-covid-19, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; Yip, T., (2020), https://www.srcd.org/research/addressing-inequities-education-during-covid-19-pandemic-how-education-policy-and-schools, Addressing inequities education during the COVID-19 Pandemic: How education policy and schools can support historically and currently marginalized children and youth. Statement of the Evidence, Society for Research Child Development (SRCD; Zhang, L., Finan, L.J., Bersamin, M., Fisher, D.A., Sexual orientation-based depression and suicidality health disparities: The protective role of school-based health centers (2020) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 30 (S1), pp. 134-142 PY - 2020 SN - 02796015 (ISSN) SP - 431-437 ST - COVID-19 and School Psychology: Adaptations and New Directions for the Field T2 - School Psychology Review TI - COVID-19 and School Psychology: Adaptations and New Directions for the Field UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098620038&doi=10.1080%2f2372966X.2020.1852852&partnerID=40&md5=18de5b14e52d2997312417e185c4c695 VL - 49 ID - 531 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Spach, N. C. C2 - 32403202 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/medu.14216 IS - 8 J2 - Med. Educ. LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: MEDUD Correspondence Address: Spach, N.C.; University of North Carolina School of MedicineUnited States; email: natalie_spach@med.unc.edu References: Important guidance for medical students on clinical rotations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, , https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/press-releases/important-guidance-medical-students-clinical-rotations-during-coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak, AAMC; 2020., Accessed April 30, 2020; Rose, S., Medical student education in the time of COVID-19 (2020) JAMA, , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5227, [Epub ahead of print.]; Eva, K.W., Anderson, M.B., Medical Education Adaptations: Really Good Stuff for educational transition during a pandemic (2020) Med Educ, 54 (6), p. 494; Lightman, A., The virus is a reminder of something lost long ago, , https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/04/coronavirus-is-changing-habits-of-mind/609181/, The Atlantic, April 1, 2020., Accessed April 30, 2020; De Moura Villela, E.F., de Oliveira, F.M., Toffoli Leite, S., Bollela, V.R., Student engagement in a public health initiative in response to COVID-19 (2020) Med Educ, , https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14199 PY - 2020 SN - 03080110 (ISSN) SP - 676-677 ST - The power of ‘pause’: A time for medical students to reflect and mobilise T2 - Medical Education TI - The power of ‘pause’: A time for medical students to reflect and mobilise UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085698535&doi=10.1111%2fmedu.14216&partnerID=40&md5=21dc7ac5d837e4f8e54e038cea03b788 VL - 54 ID - 435 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States Crazy for Life Co., Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain AU - Stefana, A. AU - Youngstrom, E. A. AU - Chen, J. AU - Hinshaw, S. AU - Maxwell, V. AU - Michalak, E. AU - Vieta, E. C2 - 32511859 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/bdi.12949 IS - 6 J2 - Bipolar Disord. KW - azithromycin chloroquine hydroxychloroquine lopinavir plus ritonavir anxiety Article attitude to health bipolar disorder clinician coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity health care access health care cost health care delivery health care policy health service human mental health outpatient care pandemic personal experience posttraumatic stress disorder priority journal psychoeducation public health quarantine Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 social isolation social stigma stress teletherapy uncertainty vulnerable population Betacoronavirus communicable disease control Coronavirus infection mental health service organization organization and management procedures psychology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Delivery of Health Care Humans Mental Health Services Organizational Innovation Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :13 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: BDIIA Correspondence Address: Youngstrom, E.A.; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States; email: eay@unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: azithromycin, 83905-01-5, 117772-70-0, 121470-24-4; chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5 Funding text 1: Thanks to Jennifer Youngstrom, PhD, for commenting on multiple drafts. References: Brooks, S.K., Webster, R.K., Smith, L.E., The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence (2020) Lancet, 395 (10227), pp. 912-920; De hert, M., Correll, C.U., Bobes, J., Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) World Psychiatry, 10 (1), pp. 52-77; Nevin, R.L., Croft, A.M., Psychiatric effects of malaria and anti-malarial drugs: historical and modern perspectives (2016) Malar J, 15, p. 332; Garriga, M., Agasi, I., Fedida, E., The role of mental health home hospitalization care during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 141 (5), pp. 479-480. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acps.13173; Hidalgo-Mazzei, D., Llach, C., Vieta, E., mHealth in affective disorders: hype or hope? A focused narrative review (2020) Int Clin Psychopharmacol, 35 (2), pp. 61-68 PY - 2020 SN - 13985647 (ISSN) SP - 641-643 ST - The COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis and opportunity for bipolar disorder T2 - Bipolar Disorders TI - The COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis and opportunity for bipolar disorder UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087143887&doi=10.1111%2fbdi.12949&partnerID=40&md5=cf8635dd5c8753c5831300a67b03612e VL - 22 ID - 401 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia, 25123, Italy Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3270, Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States Department of Psychology, University of California, 268J Young Hall, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, 20900, Italy AU - Stefana, A. AU - Youngstrom, E. A. AU - Hopwood, C. J. AU - Dakanalis, A. C2 - 32415510 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s00406-020-01137-8 IS - 6 J2 - Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. KW - anger anxiety disorder coronavirus disease 2019 health service home visit human Letter medical care mental disease mental health care personnel mental patient pandemic patient counseling posttraumatic stress disorder priority journal psychiatric emergency psychiatrist psychologist quarantine risk factor social distancing social isolation teleconsultation vulnerable population Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection health care delivery hotline Italy mental health service psychology telemedicine telephone videoconferencing virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Delivery of Health Care Health Services Accessibility Hotlines House Calls Humans Mental Health Services Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: EAPNE Correspondence Address: Stefana, A.; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Viale Europa 11, Italy; email: alberto.stefana@gmail.com References: Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE), , https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, at Johns Hopkins University (JHU), accessed 28 Mar 2020; Yao, H., Chen, J.H., Xu, Y.F., Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic (2020) Lancet Psychiatry, 7; Brooks, S.K., Webster, R.K., Smith, L.E., The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 912-920. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmvVShtbw%3D; Hawryluck, L., Gold, W.L., Robinson, S., SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada (2004) Emerg Infect Dis, 10, pp. 1206-1212; Jeong, H., Yim, H.W., Song, Y.J., Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (2016) Epidemiol Health, 38; Cukor, J., Wyka, K., Jayasinghe, N., Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in utility workers deployed to the World Trade Center following the attacks of September 11, 2001 (2011) Depress Anxiety, 28, pp. 210-217; Alvarez, J., Hunt, M., Risk and resilience in canine search and rescue handlers after 9/11 (2005) J Trauma Stress, 18, pp. 497-505; Telepsychiatry, , https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/telepsychiatry, (accessed 28 Mar 2020); (2020) Guidelines for the Practice of Telepsychology, , https://www.apa.org/practice/guidelines/telepsychology(accessed28, Mar; Manuell, M.E., Cukor, J., Mother Nature versus human nature: public compliance with evacuation and quarantine (2011) Disasters, 35, pp. 417-442 PY - 2020 SN - 09401334 (ISSN) SP - 785-786 ST - The COVID-19 pandemic brings a second wave of social isolation and disrupted services T2 - European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience TI - The COVID-19 pandemic brings a second wave of social isolation and disrupted services UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084858459&doi=10.1007%2fs00406-020-01137-8&partnerID=40&md5=da4c03dea3d837fc28ccaa9270d9bc43 VL - 270 ID - 405 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Due to the lack of protective immunity of humans towards the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, this virus has caused a massive pandemic across the world resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. Thus, a vaccine is urgently needed to contain the spread of the virus. Methods: Here, we describe Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector vaccines expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in its wild type format or a membrane-anchored format lacking the polybasic cleavage site. All described NDV vector vaccines grow to high titers in embryonated chicken eggs. In a proof of principle mouse study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these NDV-based vaccines were investigated. Findings: We report that the NDV vector vaccines elicit high levels of antibodies that are neutralizing when the vaccine is given intramuscularly in mice. Importantly, these COVID-19 vaccine candidates protect mice from a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 challenge with no detectable viral titer and viral antigen in the lungs. Interpretation: The results suggested that the NDV vector expressing either the wild type S or membrane-anchored S without the polybasic cleavage site could be used as live vector vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Funding: This work is supported by an NIAID funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) contract, the Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVIC) contract, philanthropic donations and NIH grants. © 2020 The Authors AD - Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Sun, W. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - McCroskery, S. AU - Liu, Y. AU - Slamanig, S. AU - Oliva, J. AU - Amanat, F. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - García-Sastre, A. AU - Krammer, F. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Palese, P. C2 - 33232870 C7 - 103132 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103132 J2 - EBioMedicine KW - Coronavirus vaccine Intramuscular administration Live COVID-19 vaccine Mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing antibodies Viral vector vaccine coronavirus spike glycoprotein live vaccine spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 animal Bagg albino mouse Chlorocebus aethiops female gene expression regulation genetics immunology mouse Newcastle disease virus prevention and control Vero cell line Animals COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Gene Expression Regulation, Viral Mice Mice, Inbred BALB C SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Vaccines, Live, Unattenuated Vero Cells LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Palese, P.; Department of Microbiology, United States; email: peter.palese@mssm.edu Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19 Vaccines; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines, Live, Unattenuated Funding details: 75N93019C00051 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, U01 AI149644 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, HHSN272201400008C Funding details: JPB Foundation, 2020-215611 Funding text 1: We thank Dr. Benhur Lee to kindly share the BSRT7 cells. We also thank Dr. Thomas Moran for the 2B3E5 and 1C7 antibodies. This work was partially supported by an NIAID funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS, HHSN272201400008C , P.P.) and a grant from an anonymous philanthropist to Mount Sinai (PP). Work in the Krammer laboratory was also partially supported by the NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) contract HHSN272201400008C (FK) and by the Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVIC) contract 75N93019C00051 (FK), the generous support of the JPB foundation , the Open Philanthropy Project ( #2020-215611 ) and other philanthropic donations. RSB was supported by NIH U01 AI149644 . References: Jackson, L.A., Anderson, E.J., Rouphael, N.G., Roberts, P.C., Makhene, M., Coler, R.N., An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 - preliminary report (2020) N Engl J Med; Corbett, K.S., Edwards, D.K., Leist, S.R., Abiona, O.M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R.A., SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness (2020) Nature, 586 (7830), pp. 567-571; Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Wang, L., Xu, K., Yang, M., Rapid development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science; Zhu, F.C., Li, Y.H., Guan, X.H., Hou, L.H., Wang, W.J., Li, J.X., Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial (2020) Lancet, 395 (10240), pp. 1845-1854; Amanat, F., Krammer, F., SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines: status Report (2020) Immunity, 52 (4), pp. 583-589; Poh, C.M., Carissimo, G., Wang, B., Amrun, S.N., Lee, C.Y., Chee, R.S., Two linear epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that elicit neutralising antibodies in COVID-19 patients (2020) Nat Commun, 11 (1), p. 2806; Grifoni, A., Sidney, J., Zhang, Y., Scheuermann, R.H., Peters, B., Sette, A., A sequence homology and bioinformatic approach can predict candidate targets for immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27 (4), pp. 671-680. , e2; Ahmed, S.F., Quadeer, A.A., McKay, M.R., Preliminary identification of potential vaccine targets for the COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on SARS-CoV immunological studies (2020) Viruses, 12 (3); Shivarov, V., Petrov, P.K., Pashov, A.D., Potential SARS-CoV-2 pre-immune IgM epitopes (2020) Front Immunol, 11, p. 932; Pinto, D., Park, Y.J., Beltramello, M., Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Bianchi, S., Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody (2020) Nature; Peeters, B.P., de Leeuw, O.S., Koch, G., Gielkens, A.L., Rescue of Newcastle disease virus from cloned cDNA: evidence that cleavability of the fusion protein is a major determinant for virulence (1999) J Virol, 73 (6), pp. 5001-5009; Romer-Oberdorfer, A., Mundt, E., Mebatsion, T., Buchholz, U.J., Mettenleiter, T.C., Generation of recombinant lentogenic Newcastle disease virus from cDNA (1999) J Gen Virol, 80, pp. 2987-2995; Zamarin, D., Palese, P., Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus for cancer therapy: old challenges and new directions (2012) Fut Microbiol, 7 (3), pp. 347-367; Vigil, A., Martinez, O., Chua, M.A., Garcia-Sastre, A., Recombinant Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine vector for cancer therapy (2008) Mol Ther, 16 (11), pp. 1883-1890; Vijayakumar, G., Palese, P., Goff, P.H., Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus expressing a checkpoint inhibitor as a radioenhancing agent for murine melanoma (2019) EBioMedicine, 49, pp. 96-105; DiNapoli, J.M., Kotelkin, A., Yang, L., Elankumaran, S., Murphy, B.R., Samal, S.K., Newcastle disease virus, a host range-restricted virus, as a vaccine vector for intranasal immunization against emerging pathogens (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104 (23), pp. 9788-9793; Liu, R.Q., Ge, J.Y., Wang, J.L., Shao, Y., Zhang, H.L., Wang, J.L., Newcastle disease virus-based MERS-CoV candidate vaccine elicits high-level and lasting neutralizing antibodies in Bactrian camels (2017) J Integr Agric, 16 (10), pp. 2264-2273; Freeman, A.I., Zakay-Rones, Z., Gomori, J.M., Linetsky, E., Rasooly, L., Greenbaum, E., Phase I/II trial of intravenous NDV-HUJ oncolytic virus in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (2006) Mol Ther, 13 (1), pp. 221-228; Pecora, A.L., Rizvi, N., Cohen, G.I., Meropol, N.J., Sterman, D., Marshall, J.L., Phase I trial of intravenous administration of PV701, an oncolytic virus, in patients with advanced solid cancers (2002) J Clin Oncol, 20 (9), pp. 2251-2266; Schirrmacher, V., Fifty years of clinical application of newcastle disease virus: time to celebrate! (2016) Biomedicines, 4 (3); Amanat, F., Stadlbauer, D., Strohmeier, S., Nguyen, T.H.O., Chromikova, V., McMahon, M., A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans (2020) Nat Med, 26 (7), pp. 1033-1036; Vijayakumar, G., Zamarin, D., Design and production of newcastle disease virus for intratumoral immunomodulation (2020) Methods Mol Biol, 2058, pp. 133-154; Li, J., Melanson, V.R., Mirza, A.M., Iorio, R.M., Decreased dependence on receptor recognition for the fusion promotion activity of L289A-mutated newcastle disease virus fusion protein correlates with a monoclonal antibody-detected conformational change (2005) J Virol, 79 (2), pp. 1180-1190; ter Meulen, J., van den Brink, E.N., Poon, L.L., Marissen, W.E., Leung, C.S., Cox, F., Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants (2006) PLoS Med, 3 (7), p. e237; Yuan, M., Wu, N.C., Zhu, X., Lee, C.D., So, R.T.Y., Lv, H., A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV (2020) Science, 368 (6491), pp. 630-633; Percie du Sert, N., Hurst, V., Ahluwalia, A., Alam, S., Avey, M.T., Baker, M., The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research (2020) PLoS Biol, 18 (7); Dinnon, K.H., 3rd, Leist, S.R., Schafer, A., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Montgomery, S.A., A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature, 586 (7830), pp. 560-566; Amanat, F., White, K.M., Miorin, L., Strohmeier, S., McMahon, M., Meade, P., An in vitro microneutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 serology and drug screening (2020) Curr Protoc Microbiol, 58 (1), p. e108; Park, M.S., Steel, J., Garcia-Sastre, A., Swayne, D., Palese, P., Engineered viral vaccine constructs with dual specificity: avian influenza and Newcastle disease (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103 (21), pp. 8203-8208; Casadevall, A., Pirofski, L.A., The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19 (2020) J Clin Invest, 130 (4), pp. 1545-1548; Li, L., Zhang, W., Hu, Y., Tong, X., Zheng, S., Yang, J., Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on time to clinical improvement in patients with severe and life-threatening COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial (2020) JAMA; Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Du, G., Du, R., Zhao, J., Jin, Y., Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (2020) Lancet, 395 (10236), pp. 1569-1578; Rohaim, M.A., Munir, M., A scalable topical vectored vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Vaccines (Basel), 8 (3) PY - 2020 SN - 23523964 (ISSN) ST - Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a live virus vaccine candidate T2 - EBioMedicine TI - Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as a live virus vaccine candidate UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097444855&doi=10.1016%2fj.ebiom.2020.103132&partnerID=40&md5=90fc55dac41b6ea365bb337b6c6fe48d VL - 62 ID - 259 ER - TY - JOUR AB - A successful severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine must not only be safe and protective, but must also meet the demand on a global scale at a low cost. Using the current influenza virus vaccine production capacity to manufacture an egg-based inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV)/SARS-CoV-2 vaccine would meet that challenge. Here, we report pre-clinical evaluations of an inactivated NDV chimera stably expressing the membrane-anchored form of the spike (NDV-S) as a potent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in mice and hamsters. The inactivated NDV-S vaccine was immunogenic, inducing strong binding and/or neutralizing antibodies in both animal models. More importantly, the inactivated NDV-S vaccine protected animals from SARS-CoV-2 infections. In the presence of an adjuvant, antigen-sparing could be achieved, which would further reduce the cost while maintaining the protective efficacy of the vaccine. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AD - Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States Global Health Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11571, Taiwan Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States PATH, Washington, DC 20001, United States Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States AU - Sun, W. AU - McCroskery, S. AU - Liu, W. C. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Liu, Y. AU - Albrecht, R. A. AU - Slamanig, S. AU - Oliva, J. AU - Amanat, F. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - Innis, B. L. AU - García-Sastre, A. AU - Krammer, F. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Palese, P. C7 - 771 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/vaccines8040771 IS - 4 J2 - Vaccines KW - Adjuvant Antigen-sparing COVID-19 Egg-based vaccine Hamster model Mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 fenticlor neutralizing antibody nupage SARS-CoV-2 vaccine animal experiment animal model antibody response antibody titer Article CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte chimera coronavirus disease 2019 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay human immunization influenza limit of detection mouse Newcastle disease virus nonhuman polymerase chain reaction seroconversion spike Syrian hamster vaccination Western blotting LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Palese, P.; Department of Microbiology, United States; email: peter.palese@mssm.edu Correspondence Address: Palese, P.; Department of Medicine, United States; email: peter.palese@mssm.edu Chemicals/CAS: fenticlor, 97-24-5 Tradenames: novex, Thermo, United States; nupage, Thermo, United StatesPureLink, Thermo, United States Manufacturers: Thermo, United StatesBiorad, United States; GE Healthcare, United States; Thermo, United States Funding details: 75N93019C00051 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, U01 AI149644 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, HHSN272201400008C Funding details: JPB Foundation, 2020-215611 Funding text 1: Funding: This work was partially supported by an NIAID funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance grant (CEIRS, HHSN272201400008C, P.P.) and a grant from an anonymous philanthropist to Mount Sinai (P.P.). Work in the Krammer and García-Sastre laboratories was also partially supported by the NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) contract HHSN272201400008C (F.K. and A.G.-S.) and by the Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVIC) contract 75N93019C00051 (F.K. and A.G.-S.), the generous support of the JPB foundation, the Open Philanthropy Project (#2020-215611), and other philanthropic donations. R.S.B. was supported by NIH U01 AI149644. Funding text 2: This work was partially supported by an NIAID funded Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance grant (CEIRS, HHSN272201400008C, P.P.) and a grant from an anonymous philanthropist to Mount Sinai (P.P.). Work in the Krammer and Garc?a-Sastre laboratories was also partially supported by the NIAID Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) contract HHSN272201400008C (F.K. and A.G.-S.) and by the Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVIC) contract 75N93019C00051 (F.K. and A.G.-S.), the generous support of the JPB foundation, the Open Philanthropy Project (#2020-215611), and other philanthropic donations. R.S.B. was supported by NIH U01 AI149644. References: Jackson, L.A., Anderson, E.J., Rouphael, N.G., Roberts, P.C., Makhene, M., Coler, R.N., McCullough, M.P., Stevens, L.J., An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2—Preliminary Report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 1920-1931. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Corbett, K.S., Edwards, D.K., Leist, S.R., Abiona, O.M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R.A., Himansu, S., DiPiazza, A.T., SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 567-571. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Wang, L., Xu, K., Yang, M., Li, Y., Lv, Z., Rapid development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 369, pp. 77-81. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Zhu, F.C., Li, Y.H., Guan, X.H., Hou, L.H., Wang, W.J., Li, J.X., Wu, S.P., Wang, L., Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: A dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1845-1854. , [CrossRef]; DiNapoli, J.M., Kotelkin, A., Yang, L., Elankumaran, S., Murphy, B.R., Samal, S.K., Collins, P.L., Bukreyev, A., Newcastle disease virus, a host range-restricted virus, as a vaccine vector for intranasal immunization against emerging pathogens (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, pp. 9788-9793. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Liu, R.Q., Ge, J.Y., Wang, J.L., Shao, Y., Zhang, H.L., Wang, J.L., Wen, Z.Y., Bu, Z.G., Newcastle disease virus-based MERS-CoV candidate vaccine elicits high-level and lasting neutralizing antibodies in Bactrian camels (2017) J. Integr. Agric, 16, pp. 2264-2273. , [CrossRef]; Li, K., Li, Z., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Meyerholz, D.K., Channappanavar, R., An, D., Perlman, S., He, B., Single-Dose, Intranasal Immunization with Recombinant Parainfluenza Virus 5 Expressing Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Spike Protein Protects Mice from Fatal MERS-CoV Infection (2020) mBio, 11, pp. e00554-20. , [CrossRef]; Liniger, M., Zuniga, A., Tamin, A., Azzouz-Morin, T.N., Knuchel, M., Marty, R.R., Wiegand, M., Rota, P.A., Induction of neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses against SARS coronavirus by recombinant measles viruses (2008) Vaccine, 26, pp. 2164-2174. , [CrossRef]; Koch, T., Dahlke, C., Fathi, A., Kupke, A., Krahling, V., Okba, N.M.A., Halwe, S., Volz, A., Safety and immunogenicity of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector vaccine candidate for Middle East respiratory syndrome: An open-label, phase 1 trial (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20, pp. 827-838. , [CrossRef]; Sun, W., Leist, S.R., McCroskery, S., Liu, Y., Slamanig, S., Oliva, J., Amanat, F., Garcia-Sastre, A., Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as vaccine candidate (2020) EBioMedicine (Accepted), , [CrossRef]; Vasievich, E.A., Ramishetti, S., Zhang, Y., Huang, L., Trp2 peptide vaccine adjuvanted with (R)-DOTAP inhibits tumor growth in an advanced melanoma model (2012) Mol. Pharm, 9, pp. 261-268. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Smalley Rumfield, C., Pellom, S.T., Morillon Ii, Y.M., Schlom, J., Jochems, C., Immunomodulation to enhance the efficacy of an HPV therapeutic vaccine (2020) J. Immunother. Cancer, 8, p. e000612. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Riehl, M., Harms, M., Hanefeld, A., Baleeiro, R.B., Walden, P., Mader, K., Combining R-DOTAP and a particulate antigen delivery platform to trigger dendritic cell activation: Formulation development and in-vitro interaction studies (2017) Int. J. Pharm, 532, pp. 37-46. , [CrossRef]; Gandhapudi, S.K., Ward, M., Bush, J.P.C., Bedu-Addo, F., Conn, G., Woodward, J.G., Antigen Priming with Enantiospecific Cationic Lipid Nanoparticles Induces Potent Antitumor CTL Responses through Novel Induction of a Type I IFN Response (2019) J. Immunol, 202, pp. 3524-3536. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Langley, J.M., Wang, L., Aggarwal, N., Bueso, A., Chandrasekaran, V., Cousin, L., Halperin, S.A., McNeil, S., Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of an Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Administered Intramuscularly to Children 6 to 35 Months of Age in 2012–2013: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled, Multicenter, Multicountry, Clinical Trial (2015) J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis Soc, 4, pp. 242-251. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Madan, A., Ferguson, M., Rheault, P., Seiden, D., Toma, A., Friel, D., Soni, J., Schuind, A., Immunogenicity and safety of an AS03-adjuvanted H7N1 vaccine in adults 65years of age and older: A phase II, observer-blind, randomized, controlled trial (2017) Vaccine, 35, pp. 1865-1872. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Wang, L., Chandrasekaran, V., Domachowske, J.B., Li, P., Innis, B.L., Jain, V.K., Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine in US Children 6-35 Months of Age During 2013–2014: Results From A Phase II Randomized Trial (2016) J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc, 5, pp. 170-179. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Arifin, M.A., Mel, M., Abdul Karim, M.I., Ideris, A., Production of Newcastle disease virus by Vero cells grown on cytodex 1 microcarriers in a 2-litre stirred tank bioreactor (2010) J. Biomed. Biotechnol, 2010, p. 586363. , [CrossRef]; Amanat, F., Stadlbauer, D., Strohmeier, S., Nguyen, T.H.O., Chromikova, V., McMahon, M., Jiang, K., Polanco, J., A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans (2020) Nat. Med, 26, pp. 1033-1036. , [CrossRef]; Vijayakumar, G., Zamarin, D., Design and Production of Newcastle Disease Virus for Intratumoral Immunomodulation (2020) Methods Mol. Biol, 2058, pp. 133-154; Dinnon, K.H., Leist, S.R., Schafer, A., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Montgomery, S.A., West, A., Adams, L.E., A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 560-566. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Amanat, F., White, K.M., Miorin, L., Strohmeier, S., McMahon, M., Meade, P., Liu, W.C., Martinez-Sobrido, L., An In Vitro Microneutralization Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Serology and Drug Screening (2020) Curr. Protoc. Microbiol, 58, p. e108. , [CrossRef]; Ania Wajnberg, F.A., Firpo, A., Altman, D., Bailey, M., Mansour, M., McMahon, M., Meade, P., Stadlbauer, D., SARS-CoV-2 infection induces robust, neutralizing antibody responses that are stable for at least three months (2020) medRxiv, , [CrossRef]; Imai, M., Iwatsuki-Horimoto, K., Hatta, M., Loeber, S., Halfmann, P.J., Nakajima, N., Watanabe, T., Ito, M., Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 16587-16595. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Chan, J.F., Zhang, A.J., Yuan, S., Poon, V.K., Chan, C.C., Lee, A.C., Chan, W.M., Wen, L., Simulation of the clinical and pathological manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in golden Syrian hamster model: Implications for disease pathogenesis and transmissibility (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis, , [CrossRef] [PubMed] PY - 2020 SN - 2076393X (ISSN) SP - 1-14 ST - A newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing a membrane-anchored spike as a cost-effective inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine T2 - Vaccines TI - A newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing a membrane-anchored spike as a cost-effective inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098176888&doi=10.3390%2fvaccines8040771&partnerID=40&md5=89c26b7cb58562e494a44fe0d8c47d1a VL - 8 ID - 256 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Effective therapies are urgently needed for COVID-19. Here we describe the identification of a new stable human immunoglobulin G1 heavy-chain variable (VH) domain scaffold that was used for the construction of a large library, lCAT6, of engineered human VHs. This library was panned against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein. Two VH domains (VH ab6 and VH m397) were selected and fused to Fc for increased half-life in circulation. The VH-Fc ab6 and m397 specifically neutralized SARS-CoV-2 with high potencies (50% neutralization at 0.35 µg/ml and 1.5 µg/ml, respectively) as measured by two independent replication-competent virus neutralization assays. Ab6 and m397 competed with ACE2 for binding to RBD, suggesting a competitive mechanism of virus neutralization. These VH domains may have potential applications for prophylaxis and therapy of COVID-19 alone or in combination, as well as for diagnosis and as tools for research. © 2020, © 2020 University of Pittsburgh. Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. AD - Center for Antibody Therapeutics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Centers for Biodefense and Emerging Diseases, Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States Abound Bio, Pittsburgh, PA, United States AU - Sun, Z. AU - Chen, C. AU - Li, W. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Drelich, A. AU - Baek, D. S. AU - Liu, X. AU - Mellors, J. W. AU - Tseng, C. T. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Dimitrov, D. S. C2 - 32544372 C7 - 1778435 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/19420862.2020.1778435 IS - 1 J2 - mAbs KW - coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutic antibodies angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Fc receptor immunoglobulin G1 molecular scaffold severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody unclassified drug virus antibody virus spike protein immunoglobulin heavy chain monoclonal antibody nanobody neutralizing antibody amino acid sequence animal cell antigen binding Article binding affinity competitive binding assay controlled study drug half life enzyme linked immunosorbent assay fluorescence activated cell sorting human cell IC50 immunoglobulin variable region interferometry luciferase assay nonhuman photon correlation spectroscopy protein domain protein expression receptor binding domain Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 size exclusion chromatography Vero C1008 cell line virus neutralization Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection human immunology pandemic peptide library virus pneumonia Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Coronavirus Infections Humans Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Single-Domain Antibodies LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :15 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Dimitrov, D.S.; ScD Center for Antibody Therapeutics, United States; email: mit666666@pitt.edu Correspondence Address: Sun, Z.; Center for Antibody Therapeutics, S848 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, United States; email: zes20@pitt.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; Peptide Library; Single-Domain Antibodies Tradenames: BLItz, ForteBio; LSR II, Becton Dickinson, United States Manufacturers: Becton Dickinson, United States; ForteBio Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, AI108197, AI132178 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, P30CA016086, T32 AI007151 Funding details: Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh Funding text 1: This work was supported by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. [University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.]; NIH [AI132178 and AI108197]. We would like to thank the members of the Center for Antibody Therapeutics Doncho Zhelev, Cynthia Adams and Xioajie Chu for their help with some of the experiments and helpful discussions. We also thank Rui Gong from the Institute of Virology in Wuhan and Rachel Fong from Integral Molecular for helpful suggestions. This work was supported by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. David R. Martinez is funded by an NIH NIAID T32 AI007151 and a Burroughs Welcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award. RSB is supported by grants from the NIH AI132178 and AI108197. Some monoclonal antibodies were generated by the University of North Carolina Protein Expression and Purification core facility, which is funded by NIH grant P30CA016086. Funding text 2: We would like to thank the members of the Center for Antibody Therapeutics Doncho Zhelev, Cynthia Adams and Xioajie Chu for their help with some of the experiments and helpful discussions. We also thank Rui Gong from the Institute of Virology in Wuhan and Rachel Fong from Integral Molecular for helpful suggestions. This work was supported by the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. David R. Martinez is funded by an NIH NIAID T32 AI007151 and a Burroughs Welcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award. RSB is supported by grants from the NIH AI132178 and AI108197. Some monoclonal antibodies were generated by the University of North Carolina Protein Expression and Purification core facility, which is funded by NIH grant P30CA016086. References: Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Huang, C.-L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-276; Schuklenk, U., COVID19: why justice and transparency in hospital triage policies are paramount (2020) Bioethics, 34, pp. 325-327; Thao, T.T.N., Labroussaa, F., Ebert, N., V’kovski, P., Stalder, H., Portmann, J., Kelly, J., Kratzel, A., Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic genomics platform (2020) Nature; Chen, L., Xiong, J., Bao, L., Shi, Y., Convalescent plasma as a potential therapy for COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 398-400; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T.S., Nitsche, A., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280; Zhu, Z., Dimitrov, A.S., Bossart, K.N., Crameri, G., Bishop, K.A., Choudhry, V., Mungall, B.A., Zhang, M.-Y., Potent neutralization of Hendra and Nipah viruses by human monoclonal antibodies (2006) J Virol, 80, pp. 891-899; Zhu, Z., Bossart, K.N., Bishop, K.A., Crameri, G., Dimitrov, A.S., McEachern, J.A., Feng, Y., Broder, C.C., Exceptionally potent cross-reactive neutralization of Nipah and Hendra viruses by a human monoclonal antibody (2008) J Infect Dis, 197, pp. 846-853; Prabakaran, P., Gan, J., Feng, Y., Zhu, Z., Choudhry, V., Xiao, X., Ji, X., Dimitrov, D.S., Structure of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus receptor-binding domain complexed with neutralizing antibody (2006) J Biol Chem, 281, pp. 15829-15836; Iyer, S., Zaheer, S., Vandre, D., Long, C., Montgomery, R., Characterization of human interferon species using gel extraction and monoclonal antibodies: implications on clinical use of interferon preparations (1986) J Biol Response Mod, 5, pp. 548-561; Kung, P.C., Berger, C.L., Estabrook, A., Edelson, R.L., Monoclonal antibodies for clinical investigation of human T lymphocytes (1983) Int J Dermatol, 22, pp. 67-74; Kumar, R., Parray, H.A., Shrivastava, T., Sinha, S., Luthra, K., Phage display antibody libraries: a robust approach for generation of recombinant human monoclonal antibodies (2019) Int J Biol Macromol, 135, pp. 907-918; Ubah, O., Palliyil, S., Monoclonal antibodies and antibody like fragments derived from immunised phage display libraries (2017) Adv Exp Med Biol, 1053, pp. 99-117; Bhardwaj, D., Singh, S.S., Abrol, S., Chaudhary, V.K., Monoclonal antibodies against a minor and the major coat proteins of filamentous phage M13: their application in phage display (1995) J Immunol Methods, 179, pp. 165-175; Lu, R.M., Hwang, Y.-C., Liu, I.-J., Lee, C.-C., Tsai, H.-Z., Li, H.-J., Wu, H.-C., Development of therapeutic antibodies for the treatment of diseases (2020) J Biomed Sci, 27, p. 1; Chen, W., Zhu, Z., Feng, Y., Dimitrov, D.S., Human domain antibodies to conserved sterically restricted regions on gp120 as exceptionally potent cross-reactive HIV-1 neutralizers (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105, pp. 17121-17126; Van Blarcom, T., Lindquist, K., Melton, Z., Cheung, W.L., Wagstrom, C., McDonough, D., Valle Oseguera, C., Potluri, S., Productive common light chain libraries yield diverse panels of high affinity bispecific antibodies (2018) mAbs, 10, pp. 256-268; Tiller, T., Schuster, I., Deppe, D., Siegers, K., Strohner, R., Herrmann, T., Berenguer, M., Stark, Y., A fully synthetic human Fab antibody library based on fixed VH/VL framework pairings with favorable biophysical properties (2013) mAbs, 5, pp. 445-470; Dudgeon, K., Rouet, R., Kokmeijer, I., Schofield, P., Stolp, J., Langley, D., Stock, D., Christ, D., General strategy for the generation of human antibody variable domains with increased aggregation resistance (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 109, pp. 10879-10884; Ying, T., Du, L., Ju, T.W., Prabakaran, P., Lau, C.C.Y., Lu, L., Liu, Q., Wang, Y., Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies (2014) J Virol, 88, pp. 7796-7805; Wu, Y., Li, C., Xia, S., Tian, X., Kong, Y., Wang, Z., Gu, C., Xie, Y., Identification of human single-domain antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe; Wrapp, D., De Vlieger, D., Corbett, K.S., Torres, G.M., Wang, N., Van Breedam, W., Roose, K., Pöhlmann, S., Structural basis for potent neutralization of betacoronaviruses by single-domain camelid antibodies (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1004-1015; Agrawal, A.S., Ying, T., Tao, X., Garron, T., Algaissi, A., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Dimitrov, D.S., Passive transfer of A germline-like neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protects transgenic mice against lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2016) Sci Rep, 6, p. 31629; Scobey, T., Yount, B.L., Sims, A.C., Donaldson, E.F., Agnihothram, S.S., Menachery, V.D., Graham, R.L., Kim, J.D., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 110, pp. 16157-16162 PY - 2020 SN - 19420862 (ISSN) ST - Potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by human antibody heavy-chain variable domains isolated from a large library with a new stable scaffold T2 - mAbs TI - Potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by human antibody heavy-chain variable domains isolated from a large library with a new stable scaffold UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086625704&doi=10.1080%2f19420862.2020.1778435&partnerID=40&md5=60e5f4d3dd6030c1dd73e8efb8b2d7a1 VL - 12 ID - 568 ER - TY - JOUR AD - School of Law, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States Global Strategy Lab, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, Heidelberg, Germany Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States Faculty of Law, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, United States London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom School of Law, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom AU - Taylor, A. L. AU - Habibi, R. AU - Burci, G. L. AU - Dagron, S. AU - Eccleston-Turner, M. AU - Gostin, L. O. AU - Meier, B. M. AU - Phelan, A. AU - Villarreal, P. A. AU - Yamin, A. E. AU - Chirwa, D. AU - Forman, L. AU - Ooms, G. AU - Sekalala, S. AU - Hoffman, S. J. C2 - 32569580 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31417-3 IS - 10244 J2 - Lancet KW - China coronavirus disease 2019 disease control evidence based medicine health care system human international health regulation Note pandemic patient monitoring priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vulnerable population World Health Organization Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection economics global health public health virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans International Health Regulations Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: LANCA References: Ghebreyesus, T.A., WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the World Health Assembly (2020), https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-world-health-assembly, World Health Organization (Accessed 15 June 2020); International Health Regulations, WHA 58.3 (2005), 2nd edn. World Health Organization Geneva; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Taylor, A.L., Addressing the global tragedy of needless pain: rethinking the United Nations Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (2007) J Law Med Ethics, 35, pp. 556-570; Security Council Resolution 2177 (2014), https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/S_RES_2177.pdf, (Accessed 15 June 2020); Eccleston-Turner, M., Kamradt-Scott, A., Transparency in IHR emergency committee decision making: the case for reform (2019) BMJ Glob Health, 4; Harvey, F., Ammar, W., Endo, H., Interim Report on WHO's response to COVID-19 January–April 2020 (2020), https://www.who.int/about/who_reform/emergency-capacities/oversight-committee/IOAC-interim-report-on-COVID-19.pdf?ua=1, World Health Organization Geneva (Accessed 15 June 2020); A world at risk: annual report on global preparedness for health emergencies (2019), https://apps.who.int/gpmb/assets/annual_report/GPMB_annualreport_2019.pdf, (Accessed 15 June 2020); Aitken, T., Chin, K.L., Liew, D., Ofori-Asenso, R., Rethinking pandemic preparation: Global Health Security Index (GHSI) is predictive of COVID-19 burden, but in the opposite direction (2020) J Infect, , published online May 10; Taylor, A., Health (2019) Oxford handbook of United Nations treaties, pp. 339-354. , 1st edn. Oxford University Press Oxford; Trade set to plunge as COVID-19 pandemic upends global economy (2020), https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres20_e/pr855_e.htm, (Accessed 17 June 2020); Global economic prospects (2020), https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/global-economic-prospects, World Bank Washington, DC (Accessed 17 June 2020); Effects of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) on civil aviation: economic impact analysis (2020), https://www.icao.int/sustainability/Pages/Economic-Impacts-of-COVID-19.aspx, (Accessed 17 June 2020); Chayes, A., Chayes, A.H., The new sovereignty (1998), Harvard University Press Cambridge, MAUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087519403&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2820%2931417-3&partnerID=40&md5=b909811c445bbee20e6f96f69a16af33 PY - 2020 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) SP - 82-83 ST - Solidarity in the wake of COVID-19: reimagining the International Health Regulations T2 - The Lancet TI - Solidarity in the wake of COVID-19: reimagining the International Health Regulations VL - 396 ID - 446 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Concerns over the sustainability of Canada’s health care systems frequently lead to heated discussions about physician compensation, drug prices and wait times. In the current climate of an aging population, rising chronic disease and increasing demand for services, most discussions focus on operational funding; that is, the funding allocated annually to pay for doctors, drugs, hospital stays, or long-term and community care. Capital funding to support infrastructure is largely neglected in these discussions, yet inadequate or uncertain capital investment may threaten the sustainability and equity of the Canadian health care system even more than the questionable disbursement of operational funding. AD - Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada Ontario Hospital Association, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Critical Care, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada AU - Teja, B. AU - Daniel, I. AU - Pink, G. H. AU - Brown, A. AU - Klein, D. J. C2 - 32571884 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1503/cmaj.191126 IS - 25 J2 - CMAJ KW - aging Article Canada chronic disease community participation coronavirus disease 2019 decision making gross national product health care access health care cost health care need health care system hospital cost infection control investment nursing home pandemic politics public-private partnership social welfare stakeholder engagement tax LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CMAJA Correspondence Address: Klein, D.J.; Dalla Lana School of Public HealthCanada; email: kleind@smh.ca References: Dubois, E., Political business cycles 40 years after Nordhaus (2016) Public Choice, 166, pp. 235-259; Hall, S, Lovallo, D, Musters, R., (2012) How to put your money where your strategy is, , www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/how-to-put-your-money-where-your-strategy-is, New York: McKinsey & Company; Available: (accessed 2019 Mar. 17); Thorndike, WN, (2012) The outsiders: eight unconventional CEOs and their radically rational blueprint for success, , Brighton (MA): Harvard Business Review; Banholzer, M, Chandarana, A, Straden, D., (2017) Nine practices for better capital-investment management, , www.mckinsey.com/industries/capital-projects-and-infrastructure/our-insights/nine-practices-for-better-capital-investment-management, New York McKinsey & Company; Available: (accessed 2019 Mar. 16); Roberts, G, Samuelson, C., (2015) Deferred hospital maintenance in Canada: there is more to 'a building' than building it, , Ottawa. HealthCareCan; Lateef, F., Hospital design for better infection control (2009) J Emerg Trauma Shock, 2, pp. 175-179; (2019) National Health Expenditure Trends, 1975 to 2019, , Ottawa: Canadian Institute for Health Information; Capital expenditure in the health sector (2015) Health at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators, , OECD Paris: OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Publishing; Klein, DJ, Brown, AD, Huynh, TM, (2013) Capital spending in healthcare: a missed opportunity for improvement?, , Ottawa: Canadian Foundation for Healthcare Improvement; www.moodys.com, Moody's [main page]. Available: (accessed 2019 July 21); (2019), https://thepmcf.ca/getattachment/653ef40f-8887-4933-b5b1-98a187b8ba42/2019-PMCF-Financial-Fiscal-Summary.aspx, Summaries: fiscal Toronto: Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation. Available: (accessed 2020 Mar. 14); https://tgwhf.ca/about-us/publications/2018-19-report-to-our-donors/, A healthier world starts with 2018/19 report to our donors. Toronto: Toronto General & Western Hospital Foundation. Available: (accessed March 14, 2020); (2019) Annual report 2018-19: a new SickKids will rise - A vision for the future, , http://web.sickkidsfoundation.com/annual-report-2018/, Toronto: SickKids Foundation; Available: (accessed 2020 Mar. 14); Adams, I., (2016) Collingwood hospital launches fundraising campaign for surgical equipment, , www.simcoe.com/news-story/7019970-collingwood-hospital-launches-fundraising-campaign-for-surgical-equipment/, Simcoe.com; Available: (accessed 2019 July 8); Hameed, SM, Schuurman, N, Razek, T, Access to trauma systems in Canada (2010) J Trauma, 69, pp. 1350-1361. , Research Committee of the Trauma Association of Canada; Benchimol, EI, Kuenzig, ME, Bernstein, CN, Rural and urban disparities in the care of Canadian patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study (2018) Clin Epidemiol, 10, pp. 1613-1626. , Canadian Gastro-Intestinal Epidemiology Consortium; Jones, GI, Alford, KA, Russell, UJ, Removing the roadblocks to medical and health student training in rural hospitals in Victoria (2003) Aust J Rural Health, 11, pp. 218-223; Viscomi, M, Larkins, S, Gupta, TS., Recruitment and retention of general practitioners in rural Canada and Australia: a review of the literature (2013) Can J Rural Med, 18, pp. 13-23; Health care activities (2017) Health at a Glance 2017: OECD Indicators, , OECD Paris: OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Publishing; (2018) A sector on the brink: the case for a significant investment in Ontario's hospitals: pre-budget submission - 2018 Ontario budget, , Toronto: Ontario Hospital Association; (2005) Working capital and Ontario hospitals, , Toronto: Ontario Hospital Association; Levitt, SW., Quality of care and investment in property, plant, and equipment in hospitals (1994) Health Serv Res, 28, pp. 713-727; Nystrom, PC, Ramamurthy, K, Wilson, AL., Organizational context, climate and innovativeness: adoption of imaging technology (2002) J Eng Technol Manage, 19, pp. 221-247; Encinosa, WE, Bernard, DM., Hospital finances and patient safety outcomes Inquiry2005, 42, pp. 60-72; Pink, GH, Murray, MA, McKillop, I., Hospital efficiency and patient satisfaction HealthServManageRes2003, 16, pp. 24-38; (2007) Assessing the gap in health and social service funding between the GTA/905 and the rest of Ontario: an Update, , London (UK): PriceWaterhouseCoopers; Ontarians tell their hallway medicine stories CBC News, , www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/ontario-hallway-medicine-hospital-overcrowding-patients-1.5443172, 2020 Jan. 30. Available: (accessed 2020 Mar. 14); (2019) Health care continues to be top issue for Canadians (37%); climate change climbs to second (30%, +4), ahead of affordability (26%, -2), , www.ipsos.com/en-ca/news-polls/Health-Care-Continues-to-Be-Top-Issue-for-Canadians, Toronto: Ipsos; Available: (accessed 2020 Mar. 14); (2013), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal. Toronto: The Canadian Council for Public-Private Partnerships; (2015), www.infrastructureontario.ca/workarea/downloadasset.aspx?id=34359739123, Value for money assessment: St. Michael's Hospital Redevelopment Project. Toronto: Infrastructure Ontario; (2015, accessed April 5, 2019). Login required to access content; McFarland, J, Strauss, M., Bondfield Construction applies for credictor protection in Ontario. Globe and Mail [Toronto], , www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-bondfield-construction-applies-for-creditor-protection/, Available: (accessed 2019 Apr. 5); Gaskin, P., (2018) Open letter to the community from Patrick Gaskin, President and CEO, , www.cmh.org/news/open-letter-community-patrick-gaskin-president-and-ceo, Cambridge (ON): Cambridge Memorial Hospital; Available: (accessed 2019 Apr. 5); Competition issues in public-private partnerships, , www.oecd.org/competition/competitionissuesinpublic-privatepartnerships.htm, Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Available: (accessed 2019 Dec. 11); Barlow, J, Roehrich, J, Wright, S., Europe sees mixed results from public-private partnerships for building and managing health care facilities and services (2013) HealthAff(Millwood), 32, pp. 146-154; (2016) National Public Private Partnership: policy framework, , Canberra (Australia): Australian Government, Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development; (2015) Public-private partnerships - What the world can learn from Canada, , Service Works Global/Canadian Council for Public-Private Partnerships. Toronto: The Canadian Council for Public-Private Partnerships; Santandrea, M, Bailey, S, Giorgino, M., Value for money in UK healthcare public-private partnerships: a fragility perspective (2016) Public Policy and Administration, 31, pp. 260-279; Holmes, J, Capper, G, Hudson, G., Public private partnerships in the provision of health care premises in the UK (2006) Int J Proj Manag, 24, pp. 566-572; Christensen, S, Mallia, J., Change for the delta: a process for strategic planning in a challenging market: a Mississippi hospital is helping maintain its financial viability with a long-range strategy (2018) Healthc Financ Manage, 72, pp. 54-59; OMERS (Ontario Municipal Employees Retirement System) Infrastructure, , www.omersinfrastructure.com/Investments, Our portfolio. Available: (accessed 2020 Mar. 15); Gregory, J, Hartz-Karp, J, Watson, R., Using deliberative techniques to engage the community in policy development (2008) Aust New Zealand Health Policy, 5, p. 16; Abelson, J, Montesanti, S, Li, K, (2010) Effective strategies for interactive public engagement in the development of healthcare policies and programs: a research project commissioned by the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation and the New Brunswick Health Research Foundation, , Ottawa: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation; Bakija, JM., Tax policy and philanthropy: a primer on the empirical evidence for the U.S. and its implications (2013) Soc Res (New York), 80, pp. 557-584; Auten, GE, Sieg, H, Clotfelter, CT., Charitable giving, income, and taxes: an analysis of panel data (2002) Am Econ Rev, 92, pp. 371-382; (2019) Catalyst for change: a roadmap to a stronger charitable sector, , Special Senate Committee on the Charitable Sector. Ottawa: Senate of Canada; How the 2019 Budget can help all charities in Toronto and the GTA: removing the capital gains tax on gifts of private company shares and real estate (2018) Toronto Star, , Toronto General & Western Hospital Foundation. Oct. 10; Johnson, DK., Why Trudeau government should consider tax changes for charities when putting together the 2019 budget Globe and Mail [Toronto], , www.theglobeandmail.com/business/commentary/article-why-trudeau-government-should-consider-tax-changes-for-charities-when/, Available: (accessed 2020 Mar. 15) PY - 2020 SN - 08203946 (ISSN) SP - E677-E683 ST - Ensuring adequate capital investment in canadian health care T2 - CMAJ TI - Ensuring adequate capital investment in canadian health care UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086937387&doi=10.1503%2fcmaj.191126&partnerID=40&md5=fdaf6d498726562d3adb5d3ec264325d VL - 192 ID - 478 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Duke Global Health Institute Center for Health Policy & Inequities Research, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States University of North Carolina Health Care, UNC Rex Bariatric Specialists, Raleigh, NC, United States Move Together Inc, Guatemala City, Guatemala School of Medicine and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Bergen, Norway AU - Telhan, R. AU - McNeil, Ba K. M. AU - Lipscomb-Hudson, A. R. AU - Guobadia, E. L. AU - Landry, M. D. C2 - 32977903 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.apmr.2020.07.001 IS - 10 J2 - Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. KW - coronavirus disease 2019 Editorial health disparity human racism rehabilitation medicine social determinants of health transcultural care ethnology health care delivery health care disparity organization and management psychology Health Services Accessibility Health Status Disparities Healthcare Disparities Humans Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: APMHA Correspondence Address: Landry, M.D.; Duke Global Health Institute, 310 Trent Dr, United States; email: mike.landry@duke.edu References: Pinheiro, P.S., Medina, H., Callahan, K.E., Cancer mortality among US blacks: variability between African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, and Africans (2020) Cancer Epidemiol, 66, p. 101709; Ferdinand, D.P., Nedunchezhian, S., Ferdinand, K.C., Hypertension in African Americans: advances in community outreach and public health approaches (2020) Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 63, pp. 40-45; COVID-19 in Racial and Ethnic Minority https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/racial-ethnic-minorities.html, Available at: (Accessed 30 June 2020); Ocampo-Piraquive, V., Nieto-Aristizábal, I., Cañas, C.A., Tobón, G.J., Mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: causes, predictors and interventions (2018) Expert Rev Clin Immunol, 14, pp. 1043-1053; Selvaraj, S., Shah, S.J., Ommerborn, M.J., Pulmonary hypertension is associated with a higher risk of heart failure hospitalization and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease: the Jackson Heart Study (2017) Circ Heart Fail, 10; Meagher, A.D., Beadles, C.A., Doorey, J., Charles, A.G., Racial and ethnic disparities in discharge to rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury (2015) J Neurosurg, 122, pp. 595-601; Manuel, J.I., Racial/ethnic and gender disparities in health care use and access (2018) Health Serv Res, 53, p. 1407-29; Chae, D.H., Martz, C.D., Fuller-Rowell, T.E., racial discrimination, disease activity, and organ damage: the Black Women's Experiences Living With Lupus (BeWELL) Study (2019) Am J Epidemiol, 188, p. 1434-43; Variation in the care of surgical conditions: diabetes and peripheral arterial disease: a Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care Series www.dartmouthatlas.org_downloads_reports_Diabetes_report_10_14_14.pdf, Available at: (Accessed 23 June 2020); Dinca-Panaitescu, M., Dinca-Panaitescu, S., Raphael, D., Bryant, T., Pilkington, B., Daiski, I., The dynamics of the relationship between diabetes incidence and low income: longitudinal results from Canada's National Population Health Survey (2012) Maturitas, 72, pp. 229-235; Stevens, C.D., Schriger, D.L., Raffetto, B., Davis, A.C., Zingmond, D., Roby, D.H., Geographic clustering of diabetic lower-extremity amputations in low-income regions of California (2014) Health Aff (Millwood), 33, pp. 1383-1390; Presser, L., (2020), https://features.propublica.org/diabetes-amputations/black-american-amputation-epidemic/, The Black American amputation epidemic. Available at:, Accessed August 3; Godoy, M., (2020), https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/06/22/881886733/black-medicare-patients-with-covid-19-nearly-4-times-as-likely-to-end-up-in-hosp, Black Medicare patients with COVID-19 nearly 4 times as likely to end up in hospital. Available at: Accessed August 3; Ford, T., Reber, S., Reeves, R.V., Race gaps in COVID-19 deaths are bigger than they appear https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2020/06/16/race-gaps-in-covid-19-deaths-are-even-bigger-than-they-appear/, Available at: (Accessed 22 June 2020); Cogburn, C.D., Culture, race, and health: implications for racial inequities and population health (2019) Milbank Q, 97, p. 736-61; Machtinger, E.L., Cuca, Y.P., Khanna, N., Rose, C.D., Kimberg, L.S., From treatment to healing: the promise of trauma-informed primary care (2015) Womens Health Issues, 25, pp. 193-197; Gerber, M.R., Gerber, E.B., An introduction to trauma and health (2019) Trauma-informed healthcare approaches, , M. Gerber Springer Cham; Metzl, J.M., Hansen, H., Structural competency: theorizing a new medical engagement with stigma and inequality (2014) Soc Sci Med, 103, pp. 126-133; PY - 2020 SN - 00039993 (ISSN) SP - 1842-1844 ST - Reckoning With Racial Trauma in Rehabilitation Medicine T2 - Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation TI - Reckoning With Racial Trauma in Rehabilitation Medicine UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091254305&doi=10.1016%2fj.apmr.2020.07.001&partnerID=40&md5=f4e7027cb284ba4356d3d8f4e756f9b5 VL - 101 ID - 342 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Medicine in the United States has generally followed ethical principles espoused by Immanuel Kant where the individual patient takes priority in decision-making. With the advent of coronavirus disease 2019 as a major health event, radiation oncologists in some situations need to alter the manner in which they act with individual patients. The well-being of health care workers and society as a whole needs to be considered in management decisions. During the time of a pandemic, ethics principles may be based more on a utilitarian approach that emphasizes the common good. Thus, at times treatment decisions might result in delays in initiating therapy, modifying the radiation treatment course (such as to a short course rather than a long course of therapy), and the sequence of therapies, all to minimize viral exposure. It is important that altered therapy is based as much as possible on institutional or departmental decisions and, to the extent possible, not on a case-by-case basis. However, in all situations, we need to still respect the individual's autonomy and fully inform patients of our decisions and the reasons for those decisions. © 2020 The Author(s) AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, UNC/Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Tepper, J. E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.adro.2020.04.037 IS - 4 J2 - Adv. Radiat. Oncol. KW - Article cancer radiotherapy cancer therapy coronavirus disease 2019 health care personnel human medical decision making medical ethics pandemic patient autonomy priority journal radiation oncology wellbeing LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Tepper, J.E.; Department of Radiation Oncology, United States; email: tepper@med.unc.edu References: Beauchamp, T.L., Childress, J.F., Principles of Biomedical Ethics (2012), Oxford University Press Oxford; Jeremy Bentham http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bentham/, Available at: Accessed June 22, 2020; Schrag, D., Hershman, D.L., Basch, E., (2020), https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6236, Oncology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic [e-pub ahead of print]. JAMA., accessed June 22; Marron, J.M., Joffe, S., Jagsi, R., (2020), https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.00960, Ethics and resource scarcity: ASCO recommendations for the oncology community during the COVID19 pandemic [e-pub ahead of print]. J Clin Oncol., accessed June 22; Berlinger N, W.M., Powell, T., Ethical framework for health care institutions & guidelines for institutional ethics services responding to the coronavirus pandemic: Managing uncertainty, safeguarding communities, guiding practice https://www.thehastingscenter.org/ethicalframeworkcovid19/, Available at: (Accessed 7 April 2020)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087034425&doi=10.1016%2fj.adro.2020.04.037&partnerID=40&md5=60986b16c9e001d61f178efa3a397fed PY - 2020 SN - 24521094 (ISSN) SP - 656-658 ST - Ethical Issues in Radiation Oncology During a Pandemic T2 - Advances in Radiation Oncology TI - Ethical Issues in Radiation Oncology During a Pandemic VL - 5 ID - 460 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective: We evaluated the early impact of COVID-19 on people with self-reported eating disorders. Method: Participants in the United States (US, N = 511) and the Netherlands (NL, N = 510), recruited through ongoing studies and social media, completed an online survey that included both quantitative measures and free-text responses assessing the impact of COVID-19 on situational circumstances, eating disorder symptoms, eating disorder treatment, and general well-being. Results: Results revealed strong and wide-ranging effects on eating disorder concerns and illness behaviors that were consistent with eating disorder type. Participants with anorexia nervosa (US 62% of sample; NL 69%) reported increased restriction and fears about being able to find foods consistent with their meal plan. Individuals with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (US 30% of sample; NL 15%) reported increases in their binge-eating episodes and urges to binge. Respondents noted marked increases in anxiety since 2019 and reported greater concerns about the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health than physical health. Although many participants acknowledged and appreciated the transition to telehealth, limitations of this treatment modality for this population were raised. Individuals with past histories of eating disorders noted concerns about relapse related to COVID-19 circumstances. Encouragingly, respondents also noted positive effects including greater connection with family, more time for self-care, and motivation to recover. Discussions: COVID-19 is associated with increased anxiety and poses specific disorder-related challenges for individuals with eating disorders that require attention by healthcare professionals and carers. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC AD - Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Rivierduinen Eating Disorders Ursula, Leiden, Netherlands Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia School of Paediatrics, Division of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Termorshuizen, J. D. AU - Watson, H. J. AU - Thornton, L. M. AU - Borg, S. AU - Flatt, R. E. AU - MacDermod, C. M. AU - Harper, L. E. AU - van Furth, E. F. AU - Peat, C. M. AU - Bulik, C. M. C2 - 32720399 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/eat.23353 IS - 11 J2 - Int. J. Eating Disord. KW - coronavirus COVID-19 eating disorders mental health pandemic quarantine adolescent adult anorexia nervosa Article bulimia controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 diet restriction disease association eating disorder family female food neophobia health impact assessment human illness behavior male middle aged Netherlands online system open ended questionnaire patient-reported outcome physical well-being priority journal relapse self care social media symptomatology telehealth transitional care treatment planning United States anxiety Coronavirus infection epidemiology etiology health behavior health care delivery health status indicator needs assessment psychology self report telemedicine virus pneumonia young adult Coronavirus Infections Feeding and Eating Disorders Health Services Accessibility Health Status Indicators Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :20 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: INDID Correspondence Address: Bulik, C.M.; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sweden; email: cbulik@med.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Bulik, C.M.; Department of Psychiatry, United States; email: cbulik@med.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Bulik, C.M.; Department of Nutrition, United States; email: cbulik@med.unc.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01MH119084, R01MH120170 Funding details: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, SAMHSA, H79 SM081924 Funding details: Vetenskapsrådet, VR, 538‐2013‐8864 Funding text 1: Dr Bulik acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health (R01MH120170; R01MH119084) and the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, award: 538‐2013‐8864). Drs Peat and Bulik acknowledge support from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (H79 SM081924). Funding text 2: Dr Bulik acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health (R01MH120170; R01MH119084) and the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsr?det, award: 538-2013-8864). Drs Peat and Bulik acknowledge support from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (H79 SM081924). References: Adhanom Ghebreyesus, T., Addressing mental health needs: An integral part of COVID-19 response (2020) World Psychiatry, 19 (2), pp. 129-130; Bulik, C.M., Butner, J., Tregarthen, J., Thornton, L.M., Flatt, R., Smith, T., Deboeck, P.R., The binge eating genetics initiative (BEGIN) study (2020) BMC Psychiatry, 20, p. 307; Davis, C., Chong, N.K., Oh, J.Y., Baeg, A., Rajasegaran, K., Chew, C.S.E., Caring for children and adolescents with eating disorders in the current COVID-19 pandemic: A Singapore perspective (2020) Journal of Adolescent Health, 67, pp. 131-134; Donker, T., van Straten, A., Marks, I., Cuijpers, P., Quick and easy self-rating of generalized anxiety disorder: Validity of the Dutch web-based GAD-7, GAD-2 and GAD-SI (2011) Psychiatry Research, 188 (1), pp. 58-64; Fernández-Aranda, F., Casas, M., Claes, L., Bryan, D.C., Favaro, A., Granero, R., Le Grange, D., COVID-19 and implications for eating disorders (2020) European Eating Disorders Review, 28 (3), pp. 239-245; Fowers, A., Wan, W., (2020), https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/05/26/americans-with-depression-anxiety-pandemic/?arc404=true, May 26). A third of Americans now show signs of clinical anxiety or depression, Census Bureau finds amid coronavirus pandemic., Washington Post, Retrieved from; Galletly, C., Psychiatry in the COVID-19 era (2020) Australia and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 54 (5), pp. 447-448. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867420920359; Goldberg, E., (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/05/health/eating-disorders-coronavirus.html, . Disordered eating in a disordered time., New York Times, Retrieved from; Hao, F., Tan, W., Jiang, L., Zhang, L., Zhao, X., Zou, Y., Tam, W., Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry (2020) Brain Behavior and Immunity, 87, pp. 100-106. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.069; Hart, L.M., Granillo, M.T., Jorm, A.F., Paxton, S.J., Unmet need for treatment in the eating disorders: A systematic review of eating disorder specific treatment seeking among community cases (2011) Clinical Psychology Review, 31 (5), pp. 727-735; Hensley, L., (2020), https://globalnews.ca/news/6735525/eating-disordercoronavirus/, . Why the coronavirus pandemic is triggering those with eating disorders., Global News, Retrieved from; Kaufman, K.R., Petkova, E., Bhui, K.S., Schulze, T.G., A global needs assessment in times of a global crisis: World psychiatry response to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) British Journal of Psychiatry Open, 6, pp. 1-11. , https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2020.25; Liu, N., Zhang, F., Wei, C., Jia, Y., Shang, Z., Sun, L., Liu, W., Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter (2020) Psychiatry Research, 287. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921; Löwe, B., Decker, O., Müller, S., Brähler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., Herzberg, P.Y., Validation and standardization of the generalized anxiety disorder screener (GAD-7) in the general population (2008) Medical Care, 46 (3), pp. 266-274. , https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e318160d093; McMenemy, R., (2020), https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-51962964/, . Coronavirus and eating disorders ‘I feel selfish buying food’., BBC News, Retrieved from; Murphy, R., Calugi, S., Cooper, Z., Dalle Grave, R., Challenges and opportunities for enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT-E) in light of COVID-19 (2020) The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 13, pp. 1-31; Phillipou, A., Meyer, D., Neill, E., Tan, E.J., Toh, W.L., Van Rheenen, T.E., Rossell, S.L., Eating and exercise behaviors in eating disorders and the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project (2020) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53, pp. 1158-1165. , https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23317; Schaumberg, K., Jangmo, A., Thornton, L., Birgegård, A., Almqvist, C., Norring, C., Bulik, C., Patterns of diagnostic flux in eating disorders: A longitudinal population study in Sweden (2019) Psychological Medicine, 49, pp. 432-450; Shah, M., Sachdeva, M., Johnston, H., Eating disorders in the age of COVID-19 (2020) Psychiatry Research, 290. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113122; Spitzer, R.L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J.B., Löwe, B., A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7 (2006) Archives of Internal Medicine, 166 (10), pp. 1092-1097. , https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092; Strandskov, S.W., Ghaderi, A., Andersson, H., Parmskog, N., Hjort, E., Warn, A.S., Andersson, G., Effects of tailored and ACT-influenced internet-based CBT for eating disorders and the relation between knowledge acquisition and outcome: A randomized controlled trial (2017) Behavior Therapy, 48 (5), pp. 624-637. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.02.002; Mental health and COVID-19: Change the conversation (2020) The Lancet Psychiatry, 7, p. 463; Thornton, L.M., Munn-Chernoff, M.A., Baker, J.H., Jureus, A., Parker, R., Henders, A.K., Bulik, C.M., The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative (ANGI): Overview and methods (2018) Contemporary Clinical Trials, 74, pp. 61-69. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2018.09.015; Touyz, S., Lacey, H., Hay, P., Eating disorders in the time of COVID-19 (2020) Journal of Eating Disorders, 8 (1), p. 19. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-020-00295-3; Twenge, J., Joiner, T.E., Mental distress among U.S. adults during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) PSsyArXiv, , https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wc8ud; Waller, G., Pugh, M., Mulkens, S., Moore, E., Mountford, V.A., Carter, J., Smit, V., Cognitive-behavioral therapy in the time of coronavirus: Clinician tips for working with eating disorders via telehealth when face-to-face meetings are not possible (2020) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53, pp. 1132-1141. , https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23289; Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., McIntyre, R.S., Ho, C., A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China (2020) Brain Behavior and Immunity, 87, pp. 40-48. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028; Webb Hooper, M., Napoles, A.M., Perez-Stable, E.J., COVID-19 and racial/ethnic disparities (2020) Journal of the American Medical Association, 323, p. 2466. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.8598; Weigel, A., Konig, H.H., Gumz, A., Löwe, B., Brettschneider, C., Correlates of health related quality of life in anorexia nervosa (2016) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49 (6), pp. 630-634. , https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22512; Weigel, A., Lowe, B., Kohlmann, S., Severity of somatic symptoms in outpatients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa (2019) European Eating Disorders Review, 27 (2), pp. 195-204. , https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.2643; Weissman, R.S., Bauer, S., Thomas, J.J., Access to evidence-based care for eating disorders during the COVID-19 crisis (2020) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53, pp. 639-646. , https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23279; Yahya, A.S., Khawaja, S., The course of eating disorders during COVID-19 (2020) Primary Care Companion CNS Disorders, 22 (3), p. 20com02657. , https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.20com02657; Zhou, J., Liu, L., Xue, P., Yang, X., Tang, X., Mental health response to the COVID-19 outbreak in China (2020) American Journal of Psychiatry, 177, pp. 574-575. , https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20030304 PY - 2020 SN - 02763478 (ISSN) SP - 1780-1790 ST - Early impact of COVID-19 on individuals with self-reported eating disorders: A survey of ~1,000 individuals in the United States and the Netherlands T2 - International Journal of Eating Disorders TI - Early impact of COVID-19 on individuals with self-reported eating disorders: A survey of ~1,000 individuals in the United States and the Netherlands UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088555718&doi=10.1002%2feat.23353&partnerID=40&md5=313f457002de24f66f2ef23adbea0dbb VL - 53 ID - 313 ER - TY - JOUR AB - People over sixty-five have been singled out as a uniquely vulnerable risk group for the novel coronavirus. Yet the discourse of risk obscures (and exacerbates) socially created dangers of congregate care in the United States: poorly paid workers holding down multiple jobs and the endemic “plagues” of loneliness, boredom, and hopelessness. Humorous memes about who counts as old point out structural inequalities, while millions of able-bodied “shut-ins” (due to lockdowns and job losses) may experience forced empathy: fuel for new imaginings about how to care for-and value-elders moving forward. © 2020 by Duke University Press AD - UNC, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Thrailkill, J. F. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1215/00029831-8780959 IS - 4 J2 - Am. Lit. KW - Aging Disability Grief Humor Vulnerability LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Thrailkill, J.F.; UNCUnited States References: Nursing Home Costs by State and Region - 2019 (2019), https://www.medicaidplanningassistance.org/nursing-home-costs/, American Council on Aging. Medicaid Planning Assistance (website), October 24; (2020) WHO Europe: Up to Half of Deaths in Care Homes, , https://www.voanews.com/covid-19-pandemic/who-europe-half-deaths-care-homes#&gid=1&pid=1, Associated Press. a. VOA, April 23; (2020) Marketplace, , https://www.marketplace.org/2020/04/30/covid-19-us-unemployment-state-benefits/, Associated Press. b. 30 Million Have Sought U.S. Unemployment Aid Since Covid-19 Hit, April 30; Baker, Mike, Nursing Home Linked to 37 Coronavirus Deaths Faces Fine of $600,000 (2020) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/us/virus-kirkland-life-care-nursing-home.html, April 2; Bayley, John, (1999) Elegy for Iris, , New York: St. Martin's Press; (2020) Coronavirus: US Economy Shrinks at Fastest Rate since 2008, , https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52466864, BBC. BBC News, April 29; Beauvoir, Simone de, (1970) The Coming of Age, , 1996. Translated by Patrick O'Brian. New York: W. W. Norton; Berk, Brett, Surprising Things We're Learning about Traffic Under Coronavirus Pandemic (2020) Car and Driver, , https://www.caranddriver.com/news/a31899842/traffic-coronavirus-cities/, March 23; Bick, Alexander, Blandin, Adam, Real Time Labor Market Estimates During the 2020 Coronavirus Outbreak (2020) Real-Time Population Survey (RPS), , https://alexbick.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/1/3/101306056/bb_covid.pdf, April 24; Biss, Eula, (2014) On Immunity: An Inoculation, , Minneapolis: Graywolf Press; Farmer, Paul, (1999) Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues, , Berkeley: Univ. of California Press; Fingerman, Karen L., Trevino, Kelly, Don't Lump Seniors Together on Coronavirus. Older People Aren't All the Same (2020), https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/04/07/coronavirus-seniors-lead-diverse-lives-death-rate-varies-column/2954897001/, USA Today, April 7; (2019) Life Care Centers of America, , https://www.forbes.com/companies/life-care-centers-of-america/#7ab7c6f83838, Forbes. December 19; Fryar, Caroline, (2020) Like a Fire through Dry Grass': COVID-19, the Disposability of Elders, and the Future of Care Work, , Unpublished paper for ENGL 695 (Advanced Research Seminar in Health Humanities), Univ. of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, May 12; Gawande, Atul, The Way We Age Now (2007) New Yorker, , https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/04/30/the-way-we-age-now, April 30; Goodman, Peter S., Bubola, Emma, Are Adults Living with Parents Making the Pandemic More Deadly? (2020) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/08/world/europe/adults-parents-home-coronavirus.html, April 8; Greene, Sally, Estate Sale (2019) Mothers and Strangers: Essays on Motherhood from the New South, pp. 111-117. , edited by Samia Seregeldin and Lee Smith, Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press; Hall, Donald, (2014) Essays after Eighty, , New York: Mariner Books; Heidegger, Martin, (2014) Introduction to Metaphysics, , Translated by Gregory Fried and Richard Polt. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press; Holder, Sarah, No, Coronavirus Is Not 'Just Killing Old People' (2020), https://www.citylab.com/equity/2020/03/coronavirus-vunerable-elderly-adults-ageism-younger-people/608224/, City-Lab, March 20; Hunter, Beecher, Life Care's President Beecher Hunter shared a few words about the inspirational experience he recently had with a 109-year-old prayer warrior living at Life Care Center of Wilbraham who had concerns about COVID-19 (2020) Facebook, , https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=216977089393070, April 30; Kernison, Leslie, Better Health While Aging (blog), May 12 (2020) Hospital Delirium: What to Know and Do, , https://betterhealthwhileaging.net/hospital-delirium-what-to-do/; Kubsch, Sylvia M., Tyczkowski, Brenda L., Passel, Cheryl, The Impact of the Eden Alternative on Hope (2018) Nursing and Residential Care, 20 (2). , https://www.edenalt.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Hope-and-the-EA.pdf; Lively, Penelope, (2013) Dancing Fish and Ammonites: A Memoir, , New York: Penguin; Merastya, Diane, The 'Three Plagues' and Life Satisfaction of Long-term Care Residents over Time (2012) the Canadian Association on Gerontology conference, , Paper presented at October; Minich, Julie Avril, Enabling Whom? Critical Disability Studies Now (2016) Lateral, 5 (1). , https://doi.org/10.25158/L5.1.9; Morris, Frank, (2020) NPR, , https://www.npr.org/2020/04/03/826522334/states-without-coronavirus-lockdown-orders-are-under-scrutiny, States Without Coronavirus Lockdown Orders Are Under Scrutiny, April 3; Morgan, Robin, 4 Powerful Poems about Parkinson's and Growing Older (2015) TED Talk, , https://ted2srt.org/talks/robin_morgan_4_powerful_poems_about_parkinson_s_and_growing_older, September 25; Moulitsas, Markos, Nothing says 'pro-life' more than sacrificing grandma for the stock market (2020) Reddit, (9), p. 55. , https://www.reddit.com/r/worldpolitics/comments/fp31rk/nothing_says_prolife_more_than_sacrificing/, (@markos). March 25, p.m; Murphy, Mike, Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick Says Grandparents Are Willing to Die to Save the Economy for their Grandkids (2020) Market Watch, , https://www.marketwatch.com/story/texas-lt-gov-dan-patrick-says-grandparents-are-willing-to-die-to-save-economy-for-their-grandkids-2020-03-23, March 23; Neff, Joseph, Blakinger, Keri, Few Federal Prisoners Released under COVID-19 Emergency Policies (2020) The Marshall Project, , https://www.themarshallproject.org/2020/04/25/few-federal-prisoners-released-under-covid-19-emergency-policies, April 25; Nussbaum, Martha, (2011) Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press; Petrovski, Sue Matthews, (2018) Shelved: A Memoir of Aging in America, , West Lafayette Purdue Univ. Press; Porter, Roy, (1997) The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Humanity, , New York: W. W. Norton; Rubin, David C., Berntsen, Dorthe, People over Forty Feel 20% Younger than Their Age: Subjective Age across the Lifespan (2006) Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 13 (5), pp. 776-780; Sang-Hun, Choe, Attending School with a South Korean 70-Year-Old (2019) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/01/reader-center/south-korean-illiterate-grandmothers.html, May 1; Saunders, George, (2007) The Braindead Megaphone, , New York: Riverhead; Schroder-Butterfill, Elisabeth, Marianti, Ruly, A Framework for Understanding Old-Age Vulnerabilities (2006) Ageing and Society, 26 (1), pp. 9-35. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3672844/; Severson, Kim, Hey Look! Nonna and Her Pasta Are on YouTube (2019) New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/14/dining/pasta-grannies-youtube-cookbook.html, October 14; Small, Helen, (2007) The Long Life, , New York: Oxford Univ. Press; Smalls, C., Isaiah, If I Get Corona, I Get Corona.' Spring Breakers Coming to Miami-Dade Have No Fear (2020) Miami Herald, , https://www.miamiherald.com/news/coronavirus/article241333076.html, March 19; Sontag, Susan, (2001) Illness as Metaphor and AIDS and Its Metaphors, , New York: Picador; Taylor, Janelle S., On Recognition, Caring, and Dementia (2008) Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 22 (4), pp. 313-335; Houtven, Van, Harold, Courtney, DePasquale, Nicole, Coe, Norma B., Essential Long-Term Care Workers Commonly Hold Second Jobs and Double- or Triple-Duty Caregiving Roles (2020) Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, , https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16509, April 27; Weiner, Rachel, Hsu, Spencer S., Zapotosky, Matt, Paul Manafort Released from Prison, Granted Home Confinement Due to Coronovirus Fears (2020) Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/paul-manafort-granted-home-confinement-due-to-coronavirus-fears/2020/05/13/7746835c-8320-11ea-ae26-989cfce1c7c7_story.html, May 13; Weller, Sheila, (2020) USA Today, , https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/voices/2020/03/28/coronavirus-role-switch-adult-children-baby-boomer-parents-column/2925475001/, Coronavirus Role Reversal: I'm the Parent, but My Adult Kids Keep Telling Me What To Do, March 30; Winjgaarden, Els van, Leget, Carlo, Goossensen, Anne, Ready to Give Up on Life: The Lived Experience of Elderly People Who Feel Life Is Completed and No Longer Worth Living (2015) Social Science and Medicine, 138, pp. 257-264. , doi.org PY - 2020 SN - 00029831 (ISSN) SP - 745-757 ST - Who counts? Old age in COVID times T2 - American Literature TI - Who counts? Old age in COVID times UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099090816&doi=10.1215%2f00029831-8780959&partnerID=40&md5=ac16d11022721dfdd1a8729c30dc716c VL - 92 ID - 253 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided detailed guidance on the care of infants of women who are persons under investigation (PUI) or confirmed to have COVID-19. The guidance supports immediate post-partum mother–infant contact and breastfeeding with appropriate respiratory precautions. Although many countries have followed WHO guidance, others have implemented infection prevention and control (IPC) policies that impose varying levels of post-partum separation and discourage or prohibit breastfeeding or provision of expressed breast milk. These policies aim to protect infants from the potential harm of infection from their mothers, yet they may fail to fully account for the impact of separation. Global COVID-19 data are suggestive of potentially lower susceptibility and a typically milder course of disease among children, although the potential for severe disease in infancy remains. Separation causes cumulative harms, including disrupting breastfeeding and limiting its protection against infectious disease, which has disproportionate impacts on vulnerable infants. Separation also presumes the replaceability of breastfeeding—a risk that is magnified in emergencies. Moreover, separation does not ensure lower viral exposure during hospitalizations and post-discharge, and contributes to the burden on overwhelmed health systems. Finally, separation magnifies maternal health consequences of insufficient breastfeeding and compounds trauma in communities who have experienced long-standing inequities and violence, including family separation. Taken together, separating PUI/confirmed SARS-CoV-2-positive mothers and their infants may lead to excess preventable illnesses and deaths among infants and women around the world. Health services must consider the short-andlong-term impacts of separating mothers and infants in their policies. © 2020 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd AD - Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia Gillings School of Global Public Health, Carolina Global Breastfeeding Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Humanitarian Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States AU - Tomori, C. AU - Gribble, K. AU - Palmquist, A. E. L. AU - Ververs, M. T. AU - Gross, M. S. C2 - 32458558 C7 - e13033 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/mcn.13033 IS - 4 J2 - Matern. Child Nutr. KW - breastfeeding COVID-19 mother–infant separation SARS-CoV-2 Article asymptomatic infection breast feeding breast milk expression coronavirus disease 2019 family separation hospitalization human infant mortality infection control maternal deprivation maternal welfare milk substitute mother child relation patient isolation priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus transmission adverse event breast milk female infant mother newborn prevention and control psychology vertical transmission World Health Organization Humans Infant, Newborn Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical Milk, Human Mother-Child Relations Mothers LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :25 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Tomori, C.; Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, United States; email: ctomori1@jh.edu Funding text 1: No funding was provided for this manuscript. References: Bahl, R., Frost, C., Kirkwood, B.R., Edmond, K., Martines, J., Bhandari, N., Arthur, P., Infant feeding patterns and risks of death and hospitalization in the first half of infancy: Multicentre cohort study (2005) Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 83 (6), pp. 418-426; Bailey, Z.D., Krieger, N., Agénor, M., Graves, J., Linos, N., Bassett, M.T., Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: Evidence and interventions (2017) The Lancet, 389 (10077), pp. 1453-1463. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30569-X; Bartick, M., COVID-19: Separating infected mothers from newborns: Weighing the risks and benefits (2020) Trends in Medicine, , https://trends.hms.harvard.edu/2020/03/31/covid-19-separating-infected-mothers-from-newborns-weighing-the-risks-and-benefits/; Bartick, M.C., Schwarz, E.B., Green, B.D., Jegier, B.J., Reinhold, A.G., Colaizy, T.T., Stuebe, A.M., Suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: Maternal and pediatric health outcomes and costs (2017) Maternal & Child Nutrition, 13 (1). , https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12366; Bi, Q., Wu, Y., Mei, S., Ye, C., Zou, X., Zhang, Z., Feng, T., Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: A retrospective cohort study (2020) The Lancet Infectious Diseases, , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30287-5; Breslin, N., Baptiste, C., Gyamfi-Bannerman, C., Miller, R., Martinez, R., Bernstein, K., Goffman, D., COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: Two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals (2020) American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100118; Brown, A., (2020) Feeding Your Baby during Coronavirus (COVID-19), , https://www.swansea.ac.uk/humanandhealthsciences/latest-news/feeding-your-baby-during-coronavirus-covid-19.php, Swansea University, Retrieved April 30, 2020, from; Butler, D., (2020) Nurses Say Hospital Risks Infecting Patients with coronavirus—The Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/04/11/amid-chaos-anguished-nurses-say-pennsylvania-hospital-risked-infecting-cancer-patients-babies-staff/?arc404=true; Cacho, N.T., Lawrence, R.M., Innate immunity and breast milk (2017) Frontiers in Immunology, 8. , https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00584; Carmon, I., (2020) Coronavirus and Newborns: ‘They Separated Me from My baby’, , https://www.thecut.com/2020/04/coronavirus-newborns-hospitals-parents.html; Coronavirus disease 2019 in children—United States, February 12–April 2, 2020 (2020) MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69, pp. 69-426. , https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6914e4; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for inpatient obstetric healthcare settings (2020) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/inpatient-obstetric-healthcare-guidance.html[]; Chawla, D., Chirla, D., Dalwai, S., Deorari, A.K., Ganatra, A., Gandhi, A., Kumar, P., Tank, P., Perinatal-Neonatal Management of COVID-19 Infection - Guidelines of the Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India (FOGSI), National Neonatology Forum of India (NNF), and Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) (2020) Indian Pediatrics. Pii, , https://perinatalcovid19.files.wordpress.com/2020/03/fogsi-nnf-iap-covid19-perinatal-neonatal-guideline-ver-1.0-march-26-2020.pdf.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1vtAWoR0Ap7PczFvStZhzRtRWIaWfElSKstkSpfemjfgmNTEUqdGvF2AY; Chowdhury, R., Sinha, B., Sankar, M.J., Taneja, S., Bhandari, N., Rollins, N., Martines, J., Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) Acta Paediatrica, 104, pp. 96-113. , https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13102; Davanzo, R., Moro, G., Sandri, F., Agosti, M., Moretti, C., Mosca, F., Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease-2019: Ad interim indications of the Italian Society of Neonatology endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal & Perinatal Societies (2020) Maternal & Child Nutrition, , https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13010; Davis, D.-A., Reproductive injustice: Racism, pregnancy, and premature birth (2019) New York: NYU Press, , https://doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479812271.001.0001; Docherty, A.B., Harrison, E.M., Green, C.A., Hardwick, H.E., Pius, R., Norman, L., Holden, K.A., Horby, P.W., Features of 16,749 hospitalised UK patients with COVID-19 using the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterisation Protocol [Preprint] (2020) Infectious Diseases (Except HIV/AIDS, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.23.20076042; Dong, Y., Mo, X., Hu, Y., Qi, X., Jiang, F., Jiang, Z., Tong, S., Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China (2020) Pediatrics, , https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0702; Du, W., Yu, J., Wang, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, S., Li, Q., Zhang, Z., Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children compared with adults in Shandong Province, China (2020) Infection., , https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-020-01427-2; Escamilla, R., Martinez, J.L., Segura-Pscamilla, R., Martinez, J.L., Segura, J., Breastfeeding protects against acute gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in infants (2010) Maternal & Child Nutrition, 12 (3), p. 402; Goch, K., (2020) We are Not Immune: Henry Ford Health Says 734 Employees Positive for COVID-19, , https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/workforce/we-are-not-immune-henry-ford-health-says-734-employees-positive-for-covid-19.html?utm_medium=email; Goronzy, G.C., Weyand, C., Immune deficiencies at the extremes of age (2019) In Clinical Immunology: Principles and Practice, pp. 535-543. , Fifth edition, Elsevier; Gribble, K.D., McGrath, M., MacLaine, A., Lhotska, L., Supporting breastfeeding in emergencies: Protecting women's reproductive rights and maternal and infant health (2011) Disasters, 35 (4), pp. 720-738. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7717.2010.01239.x; Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the Icelandic population. New England Journal of Medicine (2020) Nejmoa2006100, , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2006100; He, X., Lau, E.H.Y., Wu, P., Deng, X., Wang, J., Hao, X., Leung, G.M., Temporal dynamics in viral shedding and transmissibility of COVID-19 (2020) Nature Medicine, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0869-5; Recommended measures to a new type of coronavirus infection in newborn infants (2020) 23 March 2020 (3Rd Edition); Jones, T.C., Mones, T.B., Veith, T., Zuchowski, M., Hofmann, J., Stein, A., Edelmann, A., Drosten, C., (2020) An analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral load by patient age, p. 19. , https://zoonosen.charite.de/fileadmin/user_upload/microsites/m_cc05/virologie-ccm/dateien_upload/Weitere_Dateien/analysis-of-SARS-CoV-2-viral-load-by-patient-age.pdf, Preprint; Kotalik, L., (2020) Mothers' Milk Bank Seeks Vital Donors during COVID-19 Pandemic|9News.Com, , https://www.9news.com/article/life/mothers-milk-bank-colorado/73-0226717f-4957-4a4d-882b-e64168513a; Li, R., Pei, S., Chen, B., Song, Y., Zhang, T., Yang, W., Shaman, J., Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) (2020) Science, 368, pp. 489-493. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3221; Liang, G., Zhao, C., Zhang, H., Mattei, L., Sherrill-Mix, S., Bushman, F.D., The stepwise assembly of the neonatal virome is modulated by breastfeeding (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2192-1; Liu, J., Tsoi, G., (2020) Watching Loved Ones Die without Care in Wuhan, , https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-51440129, BBC News; Lowe, B., Bopp, B., COVID-19 vaginal delivery—A case report (2020) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, , https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13173; Ludvigsson, J.F., Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults (2020) Acta Paediatrica, 109 (6), pp. 1088-1095. , https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15270; McNatt, Z., Boothby, N.G., Al-Shannaq, H., Chandler, H., Freels, P., Mahmoud, A.S., Zebib, L., (2018) Impact of Separation on Refugee Families: Syrian Refugees in Jordan, , Amman, Jordan, Columbia Global Centers, Amman, and The UN Refugee Agency; Melendi, G.A., Coviello, S., Bhat, N., Zea-Hernandez, J., Ferolla, F.M., Polack, F.P., Breastfeeding is associated with the production of type I interferon in infants infected with influenza virus (2010) Acta Paediatrica, 99 (10), pp. 1517-1521. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2010.01862.x; (2020) Guidelines on Management of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Neonates, , Putrajaya, Malaysia, Government of Malaysia; Moore, E.R., Bergman, N., Anderson, G.C., Medley, N., Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants (2016) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11. , https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003519.pub4; Nacoti, M., Ciocca, A., Giupponi, A., Brambillasca, P., Lussana, F., Pisano, M., Montaguti, C., At the epicenter of the Covid-19 pandemic and humanitarian crises in Italy: Changing perspectives on preparation and mitigation (2020) NEJM Catalyst; Retrieved April 12, 2020 (2020) From, , https://www.nwica.org/blog/blog-post-wic-shopping-in-the-covid-19-emergency; Nishimura, T., Suzue, J., Kaji, H., Breastfeeding reduces the severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection among young infants: A multi-center prospective study (2009) Pediatrics International, 51 (6), pp. 812-816. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2009.02877.x; Palmquist, A.E.L., Holdren, S.M., Fair, C.D., “It was all taken away”: Lactation, embodiment, and resistance among mothers caring for their very-low-birth-weight infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (2020) Social Science & Medicine, 244, p. 112648. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112648; Payne, S., Quigley, M.A., Breastfeeding and infant hospitalisation: Analysis of the UK 2010 Infant Feeding Survey (2017) Maternal Child Nutrition, 13 (1); (2020) Rekomendasi Pogi Dalam Penanganan Infeksi Virus Corona Pada Maternal, , http://dinkes.kulonprogokab.go.id/?pilih=news&mod=yes&aksi=lihat&id=709; (2020) Approach to the Management of COVID-19 in Pregnancy and the Newborn; Plenge-Bönig, A., Soto-Ramírez, N., Karmaus, W., Petersen, G., Davis, S., Forster, J., Breastfeeding protects against acute gastroenteritis due to rotavirus in infants (2010) European Journal of Pediatrics, 169 (12), pp. 1471-1476. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-010-1245-0; Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), pregnancy, childbirth and caring for newborns: Advice for mothers (2020) Government of Canada; (2020) Maternity Care for Mothers and Babies during COVID-19 Pandemic (Formerly Titled Perinatal Care of Suspected Or Confirmed COVID-19 Pregnant Women), , Queensland, Australia, State of Queensland; Quigley, M.A., Carson, C., Sacker, A., Kelly, Y., Exclusive breastfeeding duration and infant infection (2016) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70 (12), pp. 1420-1427. , https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.135; Quigley, M.A., Cumberland, P., Cowden, J.M., Rodrigues, L.C., How protective is breast feeding against diarrhoeal disease in infants in 1990s England? A case-control study (2006) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91 (3), pp. 245-250. , https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2005.074260; Raheem, R.A., Binns, C.W., Chih, H.J., Protective effects of breastfeeding against acute respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea: Findings of a cohort study (2017) Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 53 (3), pp. 271-276. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.13480; Ramsey, S., “It's not enough”: Inside an Italy hospital struggling to contain COVID-19 (2020) NBC News, , https://www.nbcnews.com/now/video/-it-s-not-enough-inside-an-italy-hospital-struggling-to-contain-covid-19-81031749678; Reid, K., Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: Facts (2020) Faqs, and How to Help. World Vision, , https://www.worldvision.org/refugees-news-stories/rohingya-refugees-bangladesh-facts; (2020) Promulgating the Interim Guidance for Acute Respiratory Infection Caused by the Sars-Cov-2 Virus Strain (COVID-19) in Pregnant Women and Infants; Roberts, D., (1997) Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty, , New York, Vintage; Robinson, W.R., Contesting interpretation of COVID-19 in infants and preschool-aged children (2020) Pediatrics, , https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0834; (2020) Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in pregnancy, , https://www.rcog.org.uk/coronavirus-pregnancy, version 7; Schwierzeck, V., Kzeck, V., Kork, V.J., Mellmann, A., Correa-Martrea-Marta-Maromran, H., Konrad, M., Kampmeier, S., First reported nosocomial outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a pediatric dialysis unit (2020) Clinical Infectious Diseases; Small, J., (2020) Baby-Friendly USA ~ now more than ever, baby-friendly facilities must protect parents from commercial interests, , https://www.babyfriendlyusa.org/news/now-more-than-ever/, Baby-Friendly USA; Stuebe, A., Should infants be separated from mothers with COVID-19? First, do no harm (2020) Breastfeeding Medicine, , https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/bfm.2020.29153.ams; Sutton, D., Fuchs, K., D'alton, M., Goffman, D., Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in women admitted for delivery (2020) New England Journal of Medicine, , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2009316, NEJMc2009316; Tagarro, A., Epalza, C., Santos, M., Sanz-Santaeufemia, F.J., Otheo, E., Moraleda, C., Calvo, C., Screening and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in Madrid, Spain (2020) JAMA Pediatrics, , https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1346; Tan, Y., Tan, B., Pan, J., Wu, J., Zeng, S., Wei, H., Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of 10 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in Changsha, China (2020) Journal of Clinical Virology, 127. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104353, 104353; (2020) Integrated Surveillance of COVID-19 in Italy, , https://www.epicentro.iss.it/en/coronavirus/bollettino/Infografica_27aprile%20ENG.pdf, Retrieved April 28, 2020, from; Tomori, C., Palmquist, A.E.L., Quinn, E.A., Introduction: Towards new anthropologies of breastfeeding (2018) Breastfeeding: New Anthropological Approaches, pp. 1-25. , C. Tomori, A. E. L. Palmquist, E. A. Quinn, London and New York, Routledge; (2015), http://www.trc.ca/, Retrieved April 16, 2020, from; Victora, C.G., Bahl, R., Barros, A.J., França, G.V., Horton, S., Krasevec, J., Rollins, N.C., Breastfeeding in the 21st century: Epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect (2016) The Lancet, 387 (10017), pp. 475-490. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7; Wang, L., Shi, Y., Xiao, T., Fu, J., Feng, X., Mu, D., Zhou, W., Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition) (2020) Annals of Translational Medicine, 8 (3), p. 47. , https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2020.02.20; Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Qin, Q., Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures (2020) Journal of Medical Virology, , https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25748; (2020) COVID-19 Antenatal, Intra-Partum, and Postnatal Management Westmead Version 1.0, , Government of NSW; Widström, A.-M., Brimdyr, K., Svensson, K., Cadwell, K., Nissen, E., Skin-to-skin contact the first hour after birth, underlying implications and clinical practice (2019) Acta Paediatrica, 108, pp. 1192-1204. , https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14754; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M.A., Wendtner, C., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, pp. 1-10. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x; (2003) Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding, , Geneva, World Health Organization; (2017) Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies (Version 3.0, , http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/emergencies/operationalguidance-2017/en/, Geneva, World Health Organization; (2017) Protection, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding in Facilities Providing Maternity and Newborn Services, , https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/breastfeeding-facilities-maternity-newborn/en/, Geneva: World Health Organization; (2020) Frequently Asked Questions: Breastfeeding and COVID-19 for Health Care Workers, , https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/maternal-health/faqs-breastfeeding-and-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=d839e6c0_1, (28 April 2020); Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA, 323 (13), pp. 1239-1242. , https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2762130; Zhu, L., Wang, J., Huang, R., Liu, L., Zhao, H., Wu, C., Zhu, C., Clinical characteristics of a case series of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) Pediatric Pulmonology, 55, pp. 1430-1432. , https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24767 PY - 2020 SN - 17408695 (ISSN) ST - When separation is not the answer: Breastfeeding mothers and infants affected by COVID-19 T2 - Maternal and Child Nutrition TI - When separation is not the answer: Breastfeeding mothers and infants affected by COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087566046&doi=10.1111%2fmcn.13033&partnerID=40&md5=122ca8ff05ad176148c121e9a6c59915 VL - 16 ID - 356 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Both acute and chronic stress can cause allostatic overload, or long-term imbalance in mediators of homeostasis, that results in disruptions in the maternal-placental-fetal endocrine and immune system responses. During pregnancy, disruptions in homeostasis may increase the likelihood of preterm birth and preeclampsia. Expectant mothers traditionally have high rates of anxiety and depressive disorders, and many are susceptible to a variety of stressors during pregnancy. These common life stressors include financial concerns and relationship challenges and may be exacerbated by the biological, social, and psychological changes occurring during pregnancy. In addition, external stressors such as major weather events (eg, hurricanes, tornados, floods) and other global phenomena (eg, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic) may contribute to stress during pregnancy. This review investigates recent literature published about the use of nonpharmacologic modalities for stress relief in pregnancy and examines the interplay between psychiatric diagnoses and stressors, with the purpose of evaluating the feasibility of implementing nonpharmacologic interventions as sole therapies or in conjunction with psychotherapy or psychiatric medication therapy. Further, the effectiveness of each nonpharmacologic therapy in reducing symptoms of maternal stress is reviewed. Mindfulness meditation and biofeedback have shown effectiveness in improving one's mental health, such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. Exercise, including yoga, may improve both depressive symptoms and birth outcomes. Expressive writing has successfully been applied postpartum and in response to pregnancy challenges. Although some of these nonpharmacologic interventions can be convenient and low cost, there is a trend toward inconsistent implementation of these modalities. Future investigations should focus on methods to increase ease of uptake, ensure each option is available at home, and provide a standardized way to evaluate whether combinations of different interventions may provide added benefit. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. AD - Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill Institute for Environmental Health Solutions, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AU - Traylor, C. S. AU - Johnson, J. D. AU - Kimmel, M. C. AU - Manuck, T. A. C2 - 32995736 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100229 IS - 4 J2 - Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM KW - allostatic load anxiety symptoms depressive symptoms exercise mindfulness perinatal mental health stress relief therapeutic writing alternative medicine epidemiology etiology female human mental health mental stress newborn pregnancy pregnancy complication pregnancy outcome procedures psychology psychotherapy Complementary Therapies COVID-19 Humans Infant, Newborn Pregnancy Complications SARS-CoV-2 Stress, Psychological LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 25899333 (ISSN) SP - 100229 ST - Effects of psychological stress on adverse pregnancy outcomes and nonpharmacologic approaches for reduction: an expert review T2 - American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM TI - Effects of psychological stress on adverse pregnancy outcomes and nonpharmacologic approaches for reduction: an expert review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099633589&doi=10.1016%2fj.ajogmf.2020.100229&partnerID=40&md5=192c26abd2c341b2cebd19a739eca014 VL - 2 ID - 295 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Emerging coronaviruses (CoV) are constant global public health threats to society. Multiple ongoing clinical trials for vaccines and antivirals against CoVs showcase the availability of medical interventions to both prevent and treat the future emergence of highly pathogenic CoVs in human. However, given the diverse nature of CoVs and our close interactions with wild, domestic and companion animals, the next epidemic zoonotic CoV could resist the existing vaccines and antivirals developed, which are primarily focused on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV). In late 2019, the novel CoV (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, causing global public health concern. In this review, we will summarize the key advancements of current vaccines and antivirals against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV as well as discuss the challenge and opportunity in the current SARS-CoV-2 crisis. At the end, we advocate the development of a “plug-and-play” platform technologies that could allow quick manufacturing and administration of broad-spectrum countermeasures in an outbreak setting. We will discuss the potential of AAV-based gene therapy technology for in vivo therapeutic antibody delivery to combat SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the future emergence of severe CoVs. © Copyright © 2020 Tse, Meganck, Graham and Baric. AD - Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Tse, L. V. AU - Meganck, R. M. AU - Graham, R. L. AU - Baric, R. S. C7 - 658 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00658 J2 - Front. Microbiol. KW - 2019 nCoV adeno-associate virus antivirals coronavirus (CoV) MERS- and SARS-CoV passive immunization strategy vaccine 4 [(5,6,7,8 tetrahydro 5,5,8,8 tetramethyl 2 naphthyl)carboxamido]benzoic acid adeno associated virus vector angiotensin converting enzyme 2 antivirus agent cathepsin L corticosteroid dipeptidyl peptidase IV gamma interferon gamma interferon inducible protein 10 inactivated vaccine interleukin 1 interleukin 10 interleukin 2 interleukin 6 interleukin 8 live vaccine lopinavir monoclonal antibody neutralizing antibody proteinase inhibitor remdesivir ribavirin ritonavir ssaa09e1 trypsin like serine protease tumor necrosis factor unclassified drug virus spike protein virus vaccine [1 [(1 formyl 2 phenylethyl)carbamoyl] 2 methylpropyl]carbamic acid benzyl ester CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte clinical trial (topic) coronavirus disease 2019 cytokine production cytokine release drug development gene mutation gene therapy human humoral immunity immune response immunomodulation lipogenesis Middle East respiratory syndrome Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus mortality rate nonhuman pandemic passive immunization quarantine Review SARS coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus load LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :34 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: rbaric@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: 4 [(5,6,7,8 tetrahydro 5,5,8,8 tetramethyl 2 naphthyl)carboxamido]benzoic acid, 102121-60-8; cathepsin L, 60616-82-2; dipeptidyl peptidase IV, 54249-88-6; gamma interferon, 82115-62-6; gamma interferon inducible protein 10, 97741-20-3; interleukin 2, 85898-30-2; interleukin 8, 114308-91-7; lopinavir, 192725-17-0; proteinase inhibitor, 37205-61-1; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; ribavirin, 36791-04-5; ritonavir, 155213-67-5; [1 [(1 formyl 2 phenylethyl)carbamoyl] 2 methylpropyl]carbamic acid benzyl ester, 88191-84-8 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, AI108197, AI110700, AI132178, AI149644 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding text 1: The manuscript presented here were supported by grants from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH) by awards AI108197, AI110700, AI132178, and AI149644 (RB). Figure 2 is generated using biorender (https://biorender.com/). References: Adam, V.S., Crosariol, M., Kumar, S., Ge, M.Q., Czack, S.E., Roy, S., Adeno-associated virus 9-mediated airway expression of antibody protects old and immunodeficient mice against influenza virus (2014) Clin. Vaccine Immunol, 21, pp. 1528-1533; Adedeji, A.O., Severson, W., Jonsson, C., Singh, K., Weiss, S.R., Sarafianos, S.G., Novel inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry that act by three distinct mechanisms (2013) J. Virol, 87, pp. 8017-8028; Adney, D.R., Wang, L., Van Doremalen, N., Shi, W., Zhang, Y., Kong, W., Efficacy of an adjuvanted middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein vaccine in dromedary camels and alpacas (2019) Viruses, 11 (212). , 30832356; Agnihothram, S., Gopal, R., Yount, B.L.J., Donaldson, E.F., Menachery, V.D., Graham, R.L., Evaluation of serologic and antigenic relationships between middle eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus and other coronaviruses to develop vaccine platforms for the rapid response to emerging coronaviruses (2014) J. Infect. Dis, 209, pp. 995-1006. , 24253287; Agostini, M.L., Andres, E.L., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Sheahan, T.P., Lu, X., Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease (2018) mBio, 9, pp. 1-15; Agostini, M.L., Pruijssers, A.J., Chappell, J.D., Gribble, J., Lu, X., Andres, E.L., Small-molecule antiviral β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine inhibits a proofreading-intact coronavirus with a high genetic barrier to resistance (2019) J. Virol, 93 (e01348-19); Agrawal, A.S., Tao, X., Algaissi, A., Garron, T., Narayanan, K., Peng, B.H., Immunization with inactivated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus vaccine leads to lung immunopathology on challenge with live virus (2016) Hum. Vaccines Immunother, 12, pp. 2351-2356. , 27269431; Ahmed, A.E., Diagnostic delays in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients and health systems (2019) J. Infect. Public Health, 12, pp. 767-771. , 31006635; Al Kahlout, R.A., Nasrallah, G.K., Farag, E.A., Wang, L., Lattwein, E., Müller, M.A., Comparative serological study for the prevalence of Anti-MERS coronavirus antibodies in high- and low-risk groups in qatar (2019) J. Immunol. Res, 2019. , 30906787,1386740; Al-Amri, S.S., Abbas, A.T., Siddiq, L.A., Alghamdi, A., Sanki, M.A., Al-Muhanna, M.K., Immunogenicity of candidate MERS-CoV DNA vaccines based on the spike protein (2017) Sci. Rep, 7 (44875). , 28332568; Alghamdi, I.G., Hussain, I.I., Almalki, S.S., Alghamdi, M.S., Alghamdi, M.M., El-Sheemy, M.A., The pattern of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from the Saudi Ministry of Health (2014) Int. J. Gen. Med, 7, pp. 417-423. , 25187734; Alharbi, N.K., Padron-Regalado, E., Thompson, C.P., Kupke, A., Wells, D., Sloan, M.A., ChAdOx1 and MVA based vaccine candidates against MERS-CoV elicit neutralising antibodies and cellular immune responses in mice (2017) Vaccine, 35, pp. 3780-3788. , 28579232; Almazán, F., Dediego, M.L., Sola, I., Zuñiga, S., Nieto-torres, J.L., Marquez-jurado, S., A Vaccine candidate east respiratory syndrome coronavirus as a vaccine candidate (2013) mBio, 4, pp. 1-11; Al-Tawfiq, J.A., Momattin, H., Dib, J., Memish, Z.A., Ribavirin and interferon therapy in patients infected with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: an observational study (2014) Int. J. Infect. Dis, 20, pp. 42-46. , 24406736; Arabi, Y.M., Hajeer, A.H., Luke, T., Raviprakash, K., Balkhy, H., Johani, S., Feasibility of using convalescent plasma immunotherapy for MERS-CoV infection, Saudi Arabia (2016) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 22, pp. 1554-1561. , 27532807; Balazs, A.B., Bloom, J.D., Hong, C.M., Rao, D.S., Baltimore, D., Broad protection against influenza infection by vectored immunoprophylaxis in mice (2013) Nat. Biotechnol, 31 (647). , 23728362; Balazs, A.B., Chen, J., Hong, C.M., Rao, D.S., Yang, L., Baltimore, D., Antibody-based protection against HIV infection by vectored immunoprophylaxis (2012) Nature, 481, pp. 81-84. , 22139420; Barnard, D.L., Day, C.W., Bailey, K., Heiner, M., Montgomery, R., Lauridsen, L., Enhancement of the infectivity of SARS-CoV in BALB/c mice by IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors, including ribavirin (2006) Antiviral Res, 71, pp. 53-63. , a, 16621037; Barnard, D.L., Day, C.W., Bailey, K., Heiner, M., Montgomery, R., Lauridsen, L., Evaluation of immunomodulators, interferons and known in vitro SARS-CoV inhibitors for inhibition of SARS-CoV replication in BALB/c mice (2006) Antivir. Chem. Chemother, 17, pp. 275-284. , b, 17176632; Barnard, D.L., Hubbard, V.D., Burton, J., Smee, D.F., Morrey, J.D., Otto, M.J., Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARSCoV) by calpain inhibitors and β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (2004) Antivir. Chem. Chemother, 15, pp. 15-22. , 15074711; Belouzard, S., Chu, V.C., Whittaker, G.R., Activation of the SARS coronavirus spike protein via sequential proteolytic cleavage at two distinct sites (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 106, pp. 5871-5876. , 19321428; Belouzard, S., Millet, J.K., Licitra, B.N., Whittaker, G.R., Mechanisms of coronavirus cell entry mediated by the viral spike protein (2012) Viruses, 4, pp. 1011-1033. , 22816037; Belshe, R.B., Gruber, W.C., Mendelman, P.M., Mehta, H.B., Mahmood, K., Reisinger, K., Correlates of immune protection induced by live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine (2000) J. Infect. Dis, 181, pp. 1133-1137. , 10720541; Binnie, A., Tsang, J.L.Y., Dos Santos, C.C., Biomarkers in acute respiratory distress syndrome (2014) Curr. Opin. Crit. Care, 20, pp. 47-55. , 24296379; Bisht, H., Roberts, A., Vogel, L., Bukreyev, A., Collins, P.L., Murphy, B.R., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein expressed by attenuated vaccinia virus protectively immunizes mice (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 101, pp. 6641-6646. , 15096611; Bisht, H., Roberts, A., Vogel, L., Subbarao, K., Moss, B., Neutralizing antibody and protective immunity to SARS coronavirus infection of mice induced by a soluble recombinant polypeptide containing an N-terminal segment of the spike glycoprotein (2005) Virology, 334, pp. 160-165. , 15780866; Bodmer, B.S., Fiedler, A.H., Hanauer, J.R.H., Mühlebach, M.D., Live-attenuated bivalent measles virus-derived vaccines targeting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus induce robust and multifunctional T cell responses against both viruses in an appropriate mouse model (2018) Virology, 521, pp. 99-107. , 29902727; Bolles, M., Deming, D., Long, K., Agnihothram, S., Whitmore, A., Ferris, M., A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge (2011) J. Virol, 85, pp. 12201-12215. , a; Bolles, M., Donaldson, E., Baric, R., SARS-CoV and emergent coronaviruses: viral determinants of interspecies transmission (2011) Curr. Opin. Virol, 1, pp. 624-634. , b, 22180768; Briese, T., Mishra, N., Jain, K., East, M., Syndrome, R., Quasispecies, C., Dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia include homologues of human isolates revealed through whole-genome analysis etc (2014) mBio, 5, pp. 1-5; Buchholz, U.J., Bukreyev, A., Yang, L., Lamirande, E.W., Murphy, B.R., Subbarao, K., Contributions of the structural proteins of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus to protective immunity (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 101, pp. 9804-9809. , 15210961; Bukreyev, A., Lamirande, E.W., Buchholz, U.J., Vogel, L.N., Elkins, W.R., St Claire, M., Mucosal immunisation of African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) with an attenuated parainfluenza virus expressing the SARS coronavirus spike protein for the prevention of SARS (2004) Lancet, 363, pp. 2122-2127; Cabeça, T.K., Granato, C., Bellei, N., Epidemiological and clinical features of human coronavirus infections among different subsets of patients (2013) Influenza Other Respir. Viruses, 7, pp. 1040-1047. , 23462106; Cameron, M.J., Ran, L., Xu, L., Danesh, A., Bermejo-Martin, J.F., Cameron, C.M., Interferon-mediated immunopathological events are associated with atypical innate and adaptive immune responses in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2007) J. Virol, 81, pp. 8692-8706; Chan, J.F.W., Chan, K.H., Kao, R.Y.T., To, K.K.W., Zheng, B.J., Li, C.P.Y., Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) J. Infect, 67, pp. 606-616. , 24096239; Chan, J.F.W., Yao, Y., Yeung, M.L., Deng, W., Bao, L., Jia, L., Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-β1b improves outcome of MERSCoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset (2015) J. Infect. Dis, 212, pp. 1904-1913. , 26198719; Channappanavar, R., Fehr, A.R., Vijay, R., Mack, M., Zhao, J., Meyerholz, D.K., Dysregulated type I interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected mice (2016) Cell Host Microbe, 19, pp. 181-193. , 26867177; Channappanavar, R., Fehr, A.R., Zheng, J., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Abrahante, J.E., Mack, M., IFN-I response timing relative to virus replication determines MERS coronavirus infection outcomes (2019) J. Clin. Invest, 129, pp. 3625-3639. , 31355779; Channappanavar, R., Fett, C., Mack, M., Ten Eyck, P.P., Meyerholz, D.K., Perlman, S., Sex-based differences in susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2017) J. Immunol, 198, pp. 4046-4053. , 28373583; Channappanavar, R., Lu, L., Xia, S., Du, L., Meyerholz, D.K., Perlman, S., Protective effect of intranasal regimens containing peptidic middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion Inhibitor against MERS-CoV infection (2015) J. Infect. Dis, 212, pp. 1894-1903. , 26164863; Channappanavar, R., Zhao, J., Perlman, S., T cell-mediated immune response to respiratory coronaviruses (2014) Immunol. Res, 59, pp. 118-128. , 24845462; Chen, Z., Bao, L., Chen, C., Zou, T., Xue, Y., Li, F., Human neutralizing monoclonal antibody inhibition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in the common marmoset (2017) J. Infect. Dis, 215, pp. 1807-1815. , 28472421; Chi, H., Zheng, X., Wang, X., Wang, C., Wang, H., Gai, W., DNA vaccine encoding Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus S1 protein induces protective immune responses in mice (2017) Vaccine, 35, pp. 2069-2075. , 28314561; Chirmule, N., Propert, K.J., Magosin, S.A., Qian, Y., Qian, R., Wilson, J.M., Immune responses to adenovirus and adeno-associated virus in humans (1999) Gene Ther, 6, pp. 1574-1583. , 10490767; Chu, C.M., Cheng, V.C.C., Hung, I.F.N., Wong, M.M.L., Chan, K.H., Chan, K.S., Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings (2004) Thorax, 59, pp. 252-256. , 14985565; Colella, P., Ronzitti, G., Mingozzi, F., Emerging Issues in AAV-Mediated In Vivo Gene Therapy (2018) Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev, 8, pp. 87-104. , 29326962; Coleman, C.M., Liu, Y.V., Mu, H., Taylor, J.K., Massare, M., Flyer, D.C., Purified coronavirus spike protein nanoparticles induce coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in mice (2014) Vaccine, 32, pp. 3169-3174. , 24736006; Coleman, C.M., Venkataraman, T., Liu, Y.V., Glenn, G.M., Smith, G.E., Flyer, D.C., MERS-CoV spike nanoparticles protect mice from MERS-CoV infection (2017) Vaccine, 35, pp. 1586-1589. , 28237499; Corman, V.M., Albarrak, A.M., Omrani, A.S., Albarrak, M.M., Farah, M.E., Almasri, M., Viral shedding and antibody response in 37 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2015) Clin. Infect. Dis, 62, pp. 477-483. , 26565003; Corti, D., Passini, N., Lanzavecchia, A., Zambon, M., Rapid generation of a human monoclonal antibody to combat Middle East respiratory syndrome (2016) J. Infect. Public Health, 9, pp. 231-235. , 27102927; Corti, D., Zhao, J., Pedotti, M., Simonelli, L., Agnihothram, S., Fett, C., Prophylactic and postexposure efficacy of a potent human monoclonal antibody against MERS coronavirus (2015) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 112, pp. 10473-10478. , 26216974; Cotmore, S.F., Agbandje-McKenna, M., Chiorini, J.A., Mukha, D.V., Pintel, D.J., Qiu, J., The family Parvoviridae (2014) Arch. Virol, 159, pp. 1239-1247; Coughlin, M.M., Prabhakar, B.S., Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: target, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential (2012) Rev. Med. Virol, 22, pp. 2-17. , 21905149; Czub, M., Weingartl, H., Czub, S., He, R., Cao, J., Evaluation of modified vaccinia virus Ankara based recombinant SARS vaccine in ferrets (2005) Vaccine, 23, pp. 2273-2279. , 15755610; Danilczyk, U., Penninger, J.M., Angiotensin-converting enzyme II in the heart and the kidney (2006) Circ. Res, 98, pp. 463-471. , 16514079; De Clercq, E., Li, G., Clercq, E., De, Approved antiviral drugs over the past 50 years (2016) Clin. Microbiol. Rev, 29, pp. 695-747; De Wilde, A.H., Jochmans, D., Posthuma, C.C., Zevenhoven-Dobbe, J.C., Van Nieuwkoop, S., Bestebroer, T.M., Screening of an FDA-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture (2014) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 58, pp. 4875-4884; de Wit, E., Feldmann, F., Cronin, J., Jordan, R., Okumura, A., Thomas, T., Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 117, pp. 6771-6776. , 32054787; de Wit, E., Feldmann, F., Horne, E., Okumura, A., Cameroni, E., Haddock, E., Prophylactic efficacy of a human monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV in the common marmoset (2019) Antiviral Res, 163, pp. 70-74. , 30684561; de Wit, E., Feldmann, F., Okumura, A., Horne, E., Haddock, E., Saturday, G., Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of mAb treatment against MERS-CoV in common marmosets (2018) Antiviral Res, 156, pp. 64-71. , 29885377; de Wit, E., Van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Munster, V.J., SARS and MERS: Recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 14, pp. 523-534. , 27344959; Deming, D., Sheahan, T., Heise, M., Yount, B., Davis, N., Sims, A., Vaccine efficacy in senescent mice challenged with recombinant SARS-CoV bearing epidemic and zoonotic spike variants (2006) PLoS Med, 3 (e0030525). , 17194199; Deng, X., StJohn, S.E., Osswald, H.L., O’Brien, A., Banach, B.S., Sleeman, K., Coronaviruses resistant to a 3C-like protease inhibitor are attenuated for replication and pathogenesis, revealing a low genetic barrier but high fitness cost of resistance (2014) J. Virol, 88, pp. 11886-11898; Deng, Y., Lan, J., Bao, L., Huang, B., Ye, F., Chen, Y., Enhanced protection in mice induced by immunization with inactivated whole viruses compare to spike protein of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2018) Emerg. Microbes Infect, 7 (60); Denison, M.R., Graham, R.L., Donaldson, E.F., Eckerle, L.D., Baric, R.S., Coronaviruses: an RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity (2011) RNA Biol, 8, pp. 270-279. , 21593585; Dicaro, A., Li, Y., Strong, J.E., Aoki, F., Plummer, F., Jones, S.M., Severe acute respiratory syndrome - related coronavirus is inhibited by interferon- a (2004) J. Infect. Dis, 189, pp. 1164-1167. , 15031783; Ding, Y., Wang, H., Shen, H., Li, Z., Geng, J., Han, H., The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from China (2003) J. Pathol, 200, pp. 282-289. , 12845623; Drake, J.W., Holland, J.J., Mutation rates among RNA viruses (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 96, pp. 13910-13913. , 10570172; Drosten, C., Chiu, L.L., Panning, M., Leong, H.N., Preiser, W., Tam, J.S., Evaluation of advanced reverse transcription-PCR assays and an alternative PCR target region for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated Coronavirus (2004) J. Clin. Microbiol, 42, pp. 2043-2047. , 15131168; Du, L., Jiang, S., Middle East respiratory syndrome: current status and future prospects for vaccine development (2015) Expert Opin. Biol. Ther, 15, pp. 1647-1651. , 26414077; Du, L., Kou, Z., Ma, C., Tao, X., Wang, L., Zhao, G., A truncated receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein potently inhibits MERS-CoV infection and induces strong neutralizing antibody responses?: implication for developing therapeutics and vaccines (2013) PLoS One, 8 (e0081587). , 24324708; Du, L., Zhao, G., Chan, C.C.S., Li, L., A 219-mer CHO-Expressing Receptor-Binding Domain (2010) Viral Immunol, 23, pp. 211-219. , 20374001; Du, L., Zhao, G., Lin, Y., Sui, H., Chan, C., Ma, S., Intranasal vaccination of recombinant adeno-associated virus encoding receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein induces strong mucosal immune responses and provides long-term protection against SARS- (2008) J. Immunol, 180, pp. 948-956; Du, L., Zhao, G., Yang, Y., Qiu, H., Wang, L., Kou, Z., A conformation-dependent neutralizing monoclonal antibody specifically targeting receptor-binding domain in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein (2014) J. Virol, 88, pp. 7045-7053. , 24719424; Eckerle, L.D., Becker, M.M., Halpin, R.A., Li, K., Venter, E., Lu, X., Infidelity of SARS-CoV Nsp14-exonuclease mutant virus replication is revealed by complete genome sequencing (2010) PLoS Pathog, 6 (e1000896). , 20463816; Eckerle, L.D., Lu, X., Sperry, S.M., Choi, L., Denison, M.R., High fidelity of murine hepatitis virus replication is decreased in nsp14 exoribonuclease mutants (2007) J. Virol, 81, pp. 12135-12144; Excoffon, K.J.D.A., Koerber, J.T., Dickey, D.D., Murtha, M., Keshavjee, S., Kaspar, B.K., Directed evolution of adeno-associated virus to an infectious respiratory virus (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 106, pp. 3865-3870. , 19237554; Falzarano, D., De Wit, E., Martellaro, C., Callison, J., Munster, V.J., Feldmann, H., Inhibition of novel β coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-α2b and ribavirin (2013) Sci. Rep, 3, pp. 1-6. , a, 23594967; Falzarano, D., de Wit, E., Rasmussen, A.L., Feldmann, F., Okumura, A., Scott, D.P., Treatment with interferon-α2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques (2013) Nat. Med, 19, pp. 1313-1317. , b, 24013700; Ferron, F., Subissi, L., Theresa, A., Morais, S.D., Thi, N., Le, T., Structural and molecular basis of mismatch correction and ribavirin excision from coronavirus RNA (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 115, pp. E162-E171. , 29279395; Frieman, M., Heise, M., Baric, R., SARS coronavirus and innate immunity (2008) Virus Res, 133, pp. 101-112. , 17451827; Fry, A.M., Goswami, D., Nahar, K., Sharmin, A.T., Rahman, M., Gubareva, L., Efficacy of oseltamivir treatment started within 5 days of symptom onset to reduce infl uenza illness duration and virus shedding in an urban setting in Bangladesh?: a randomised placebo-controlled trial (2014) Lancet Infect. Dis, 14, pp. 109-118; Gao, J., Lu, G., Qi, J., Li, Y., Wu, Y., Deng, Y., Structure of the fusion core and inhibition of fusion by a heptad repeat peptide derived from the S protein of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) J. Virol, 87, pp. 13134-13140; Gierer, S., Müller, M.A., Heurich, A., Ritz, D., Springstein, B.L., Karsten, C.B., Inhibition of proprotein convertases abrogates processing of the middle eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein in infected cells but does not reduce viral infectivity (2014) J. Infect. Dis, 211, pp. 889-897. , 25057042; Goldstein, J.L., DeBose-Boyd, R.A., Brown, M.S., Protein sensors for membrane sterols (2006) Cell, 124, pp. 35-46. , 16413480; Graham, B.S., Ambrosino, D.M., History of passive antibody administration for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases (2015) Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS, 10, pp. 129-134. , 25760933; Graham, R.L., Becker, M.M., Eckerle, L.D., Bolles, M., Denison, M.R., Baric, R.S., A live, impaired-fidelity coronavirus vaccine protects in an aged, immunocompromised mouse model of lethal disease (2012) Nat. Med, 18, pp. 1820-1826. , 23142821; Graham, R.L., Deming, D.J., Deming, M.E., Yount, B.L., Baric, R.S., Evaluation of a recombination-resistant coronavirus as a broadly applicable, rapidly implementable vaccine platform (2018) Commun. Biol, 1 (179); Gralinski, L.E., Baric, R.S., Molecular pathology of emerging coronavirus infections (2015) J. Pathol, 235, pp. 185-195. , 25270030; Greenough, T.C., Babcock, G.J., Roberts, A., Hernandez, H.J., Thomas, W.D., Jr., Development and characterization of a severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody that provides effective immunoprophylaxis in mice (2005) J. Infect. Dis, 191, pp. 507-514. , 15655773; Guo, X., Deng, Y., Chen, H., Lan, J., Wang, W., Zou, X., Systemic and mucosal immunity in mice elicited by a single immunization with human adenovirus type 5 or 41 vector-based vaccines carrying the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2015) Immunology, 145, pp. 476-484. , 25762305; Haagmans, B.L., Kuiken, T., Martina, B.E., Fouchier, R.A.M., Rimmelzwaan, G.F., van Amerongen, G., Pegylated interferon-α protects type 1 pneumocytes against SARS coronavirus infection in macaques (2004) Nat. Med, 10, pp. 290-293. , 14981511; Haagmans, B.L., van den Brand, J.M.A., Raj, V.S., Volz, A., Wohlsein, P., Smits, S.L., An orthopoxvirus-based vaccine reduces virus excretion after MERS-CoV infection in dromedary camels (2016) Science, 351, pp. 77-81. , 26678878; Hansel, T.T., Kropshofer, H., Singer, T., Mitchell, J.A., George, A.J.T., The safety and side effects of monoclonal antibodies (2010) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov, 9, pp. 325-338. , 20305665; Hapfelmeier, S., Lawson, M.A.E., Slack, E., Kirundi, J.K., Stoel, M., Heikenwalder, M., Reversible microbial colonization of germ-free mice reveals the dynamics of IgA immune responses (2010) Science, 328, pp. 1705-1709. , 20576892; Harcourt, B.H., Jukneliene, D., Kanjanahaluethai, A., Bechill, J., Severson, K.M., Smith, C.M., Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replicase products and characterization of papain-like protease activity (2004) J. Virol, 78, pp. 13600-13612; Hart, B.J., Dyall, J., Postnikova, E., Zhou, H., Kindrachuk, J., Johnson, R.F., Interferon-β and mycophenolic acid are potent inhibitors of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in cell-based assays (2014) J. Gen. Virol, 95, pp. 571-577; Hashem, A.M., Algaissi, A., Agrawal, A.S., Al-Amri, S.S., Alhabbab, R.Y., Sohrab, S.S., A highly immunogenic, protective, and safe adenovirus-based vaccine expressing middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus S1-CD40L fusion protein in a transgenic human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 mouse model (2019) J. Infect. Dis, 220, pp. 1558-1567. , 30911758; Holshue, M.L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K.H., Wiesman, J., Bruce, H., First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 929-936. , 32004427; Houser, K.V., Gretebeck, L., Ying, T., Wang, Y., Vogel, L., Lamirande, E.W., Prophylaxis with a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-specific human monoclonal antibody protects rabbits from MERS-CoV infection (2016) J. Infect. Dis, 213, pp. 1557-1561. , 26941283; Hsueh, P.R., Huang, L.M., Chen, P.J., Kao, C.L., Yang, P.C., Chronological evolution of IgM, IgA, IgG and neutralisation antibodies after infection with SARS-associated coronavirus (2004) Clin. Microbiol. Infect, 10, pp. 1062-1066. , 15606632; Hu, M.C., Jones, T., Kenney, R.T., Barnard, D.L., Burt, D.S., Lowell, G.H., Intranasal Protollin-formulated recombinant SARS S-protein elicits respiratory and serum neutralizing antibodies and protection in mice (2007) Vaccine, 25, pp. 6334-6340. , 17640780; Huang, J.D., Zheng, B.J., Sun, H.Z., Helicases as antiviral drug targets (2008) Hong Kong Med. J, 14, pp. 36-38; Huentelman, M.J., Zubcevic, J., Hernández Prada, J.A., Xiao, X., Dimitrov, D.S., Raizada, M.K., Sructure-based discovery of a novel angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitor (2004) Hypertension, 44, pp. 903-906. , 15492138; Hui, D.S., Azhar, I.E., Madani, T.A., Ntoumi, F., Kock, R., Dar, O., The continuing 2019-nCoV epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health — The latest 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan (2020) China Int. J. Infect. Dis, 91, pp. 264-266. , 31953166; Iwata-Yoshikawa, N., Uda, A., Suzuki, T., Tsunetsugu-Yokota, Y., Sato, Y., Morikawa, S., Effects of toll-like receptor stimulation on eosinophilic infiltration in lungs of BALB/c mice immunized with UV-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus vaccine (2014) J. Virol, 88, pp. 8597-8614; Jagger, B.W., Dowd, K.A., Chen, R.E., Desai, P., Foreman, B., Burgomaster, K.E., Protective efficacy of nucleic acid vaccines against transmission of zika virus during pregnancy in mice (2019) J. Infect. Dis, 220, pp. 1577-1588. , 31260518; Jiaming, L., Yanfeng, Y., Yao, D., Yawei, H., Linlin, B., Baoying, H., The recombinant N-terminal domain of spike proteins is a potential vaccine against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection (2017) Vaccine, 35, pp. 10-18. , 27899228; Jiang, L., Wang, N., Zuo, T., Shi, X., Poon, K.M.M.V., Wu, Y., Potent neutralization of MERS-CoV by human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the viral spike glycoprotein (2014) Sci. Transl. Med, 6 (234ra59). , 24778414; Johnson, R.F., Bagci, U., Keith, L., Tang, X., Mollura, D.J., Zeitlin, L., 3B11-N, a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV, reduces lung pathology in rhesus monkeys following intratracheal inoculation of MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 (2016) Virology, 490, pp. 49-58. , 26828465; Kaemmerer, W.F., How will the field of gene therapy survive its success? (2018) Bioeng. Transl. Med, 3, pp. 166-177. , 30065971; Kam, Y.W., Kien, F., Roberts, A., Cheung, Y.C., Lamirande, E.W., Vogel, L., Antibodies against trimeric S glycoprotein protect hamsters against SARS-CoV challenge despite their capacity to mediate FcgammaRII-dependent entry into B cells in vitro (2007) Vaccine, 25, pp. 729-740. , 17049691; Kandeel, M., Bioinformatics analysis of the recent MERS-CoV with special reference to the virus-encoded Spike protein (2018) Mol. Enzymol. Drug Targets, 1, pp. 1-10; Kapadia, S.U., Rose, J.K., Lamirande, E., Vogel, L., Subbarao, K., Roberts, A., Long-term protection from SARS coronavirus infection conferred by a single immunization with an attenuated VSV-based vaccine (2005) Virology, 340, pp. 174-182. , 16043204; Kaplitt, M.G., Feigin, A., Tang, C., Fitzsimons, H.L., Mattis, P., Lawlor, P.A., Safety and tolerability of gene therapy with an adeno-associated virus (AAV) borne GAD gene for Parkinson’s disease: an open label, phase I trial (2007) Lancet, 369, pp. 2097-2105; Karlberg, J., Chong, D.S.Y., Lai, W.Y.Y., Do men have a higher case fatality rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome than women do? (2004) Am. J. Epidemiol, 159, pp. 229-231. , 14742282; Kay, M.A., Manno, C.S., Ragni, M.V., Larson, P.J., Couto, L.B., McClelland, A., Evidence for gene transfer and expression of factor IX in haemophilia B patients treated with an AAV vector (2000) Nat. Genet, 24, pp. 257-261. , 10700178; Khalid, M., Al Rabiah, F., Khan, B., Al Mobeireek, A., Butt, T.S., Al Mutairy, E., Ribavirin and interferon-alpha2b as primary and preventive treatment for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a preliminary report of two cases (2015) Antivir. Ther, 20, pp. 87-91. , 24831606; Khalid, M., Khan, B., Al Rabiah, F., Alismaili, R., Saleemi, S., Rehan-Khaliq, A.M., Middle eastern respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS CoV): case reports from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia (2014) Ann. Saudi Med, 34, pp. 396-400. , 25827696; Kim, E., Okada, K., Kenniston, T., Raj, V.S., AlHajri, M.M., Farag, E.A.B.A.B.A., Immunogenicity of an adenoviral-based Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine in BALB/c mice (2014) Vaccine, 32, pp. 5975-5982. , 25192975; Kim, U.J., Won, E.-J., Kee, S.-J., Jung, S.-I., Jang, H.-C., Combination therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin and interferon-alpha for Middle East respiratory syndrome (2016) Antivir. Ther, 21, pp. 455-459. , 26492219; Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Cottrell, C.A., Wang, N., Pallesen, J., Yassine, H.M., Turner, H.L., Pre-fusion structure of a human coronavirus spike protein (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 118-121. , 26935699; Kleine-Weber, H., Elzayat, T., Wang, L., Elzayat, M.T., Wang, L., Graham, B.S., Mutations in the spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmitted in Korea increase (2019) J. Virol, 93, pp. 1-14; Ko, J.-H., Seok, H., Cho, S.Y., Ha, Y.E., Baek, J.Y., Kim, S.H., Challenges of convalescent plasma infusion therapy in Middle East respiratory coronavirus infection: a single centre experience (2018) Antivir. Ther, 23, pp. 617-622. , 29923831; Kobinger, G.P., Figueredo, J.M., Rowe, T., Zhi, Y., Gao, G., Sanmiguel, J.C., Adenovirus-based vaccine prevents pneumonia in ferrets challenged with the SARS coronavirus and stimulates robust immune responses in macaques (2007) Vaccine, 25, pp. 5220-5231. , 17559989; Kumar, V., Shin, J.S., Shie, J.J., Ku, K.B., Kim, C., Go, Y.Y., Identification and evaluation of potent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) 3CLPro inhibitors (2017) Antiviral Res, 141, pp. 101-106. , 28216367; Lamirande, E.W., DeDiego, M.L., Roberts, A., Jackson, J.P., Alvarez, E., Sheahan, T., A live attenuated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is immunogenic and efficacious in golden syrian hamsters (2008) J. Virol, 82, pp. 7721-7724; Lan, J., Deng, Y., Chen, H., Lu, G., Wang, W., Guo, X., Tailoring subunit vaccine immunity with adjuvant combinations and delivery routes using the middle east respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) receptor-binding domain as an antigen (2014) PLoS One, 9 (e0112602). , 25405618; Lan, J., Yao, Y., Deng, Y., Chen, H., Lu, G., Wang, W., Recombinant receptor binding domain protein induces partial protective immunity in rhesus macaques against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge (2015) EBioMedicine, 2, pp. 1438-1446. , 26629538; Lau, S.K.P., Woo, P.C.Y., Yip, C.C.Y., Tse, H., Tsoi, H.W., Cheng, V.C.C., Coronavirus HKU1 and other coronavirus infections in Hong Kong (2006) J. Clin. Microbiol, 44, pp. 2063-2071; Lauring, A.S., Andino, R., Quasispecies theory and the behavior of RNA viruses (2010) PLoS Pathog, 6 (e1001005). , 20661479; Laursen, N.S., Friesen, R.H.E., Zhu, X., Jongeneelen, M., Blokland, S., Vermond, J., Universal protection against influenza infection by a multidomain antibody to influenza hemagglutinin (2018) Science, 362, pp. 598-602. , 30385580; Leist, S.R., Baric, R.S., Giving the genes a shuffle: using natural variation to understand host genetic contributions to viral infections (2018) Trends Genet, 34, pp. 777-789. , 30131185; Li, F., Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins (2016) Annu. Rev. Virol, 3, pp. 237-261; Li, W., Moore, M.J., Vasilieva, N., Sui, J., Wong, S.K., Berne, M.A., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003) Nature, 426, pp. 450-454. , 14647384; Li, W., Shi, Z., Yu, M., Ren, W., Smith, C., Epstein, J.H., Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses (2005) Science, 310, pp. 676-680. , 16195424; Li, W., Zhang, L., Johnson, J.S., Zhijian, W., Grieger, J.C., Ping-Jie, X., Generation of novel aav variants by directed evolution for improved cftr delivery to human ciliated airway epithelium (2009) Mol. Ther, 17, pp. 2067-2077. , 19603002; Li, Y., Wan, Y., Liu, P., Zhao, J., Lu, G., Qi, J., A humanized neutralizing antibody against MERS-CoV targeting the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein (2015) Cell Res, 25, pp. 1237-1249. , 26391698; Lim, Y., Ng, Y., Tam, J., Liu, D., Human coronaviruses: a review of virus-host interactions (2016) Diseases, 4 (26). , 28933406; Limberis, M.P., Adam, V.S., Wong, G., Gren, J., Kobasa, D., Ross, T.M., Intranasal antibody gene transfer in mice and ferrets elicits broad protection against pandemic influenza (2013) Sci. Transl. Med, 5 (187ra72); Limberis, M.P., Tretiakova, A., Nambiar, K., Wong, G., Racine, T., Crosariol, M., Adeno-associated virus serotype 9-expressed zmapp in mice confers protection against systemic and airway-acquired ebola virus infection (2016) J. Infect. Dis, 214, pp. 1975-1979. , 27683818; Limberis, M.P., Vandenberghe, L.H., Zhang, L., Pickles, R.J., Wilson, J.M., Transduction efficiencies of novel AAV vectors in mouse airway epithelium in vivo and human ciliated airway epithelium in vitro (2009) Mol. Ther, 17, pp. 294-301. , 19066597; Lin, A., Balazs, A.B., Adeno-associated virus gene delivery of broadly neutralizing antibodies as prevention and therapy against hiv-1 11 medical and health sciences 1103 clinical sciences 11 medical and health sciences 1108 medical microbiology marit van Gils, m.j.vangils@amc (2018) Retrovirology, 15, pp. 1-17; Lipkin, W.I., Firth, C., Viral surveillance and discovery (2013) Curr. Opin. Virol, 3, pp. 199-204. , 23602435; Liu, Y.V., Massare, M.J., Barnard, D.L., Kort, T., Nathan, M., Wang, L., Chimeric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S glycoprotein and influenza matrix 1 efficiently form virus-like particles (VLPs) that protect mice against challenge with SARS-CoV (2011) Vaccine, 29, pp. 6606-6613. , 21762752; Lo, M.K., Jordan, R., Arvey, A., Sudhamsu, J., Shrivastava-Ranjan, P., Hotard, A.L., GS-5734 and its parent nucleoside analog inhibit Filo-, Pneumo-, and Paramyxoviruses (2017) Sci. Rep, 7, pp. 1-7. , 28262699; Lokugamage, K.G., Yoshikawa-Iwata, N., Ito, N., Watts, D.M., Wyde, P.R., Wang, N., Chimeric coronavirus-like particles carrying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCoV) S protein protect mice against challenge with SCoV (2008) Vaccine, 26, pp. 797-808. , 18191004; Loustaud-Ratti, V., Debette-Gratien, M., Jacques, J., Alain, S., Marquet, P., Sautereau, D., Ribavirin: Past, present and future (2016) World J. Hepatol, 8, pp. 123-130. , 26807208; Loutfy, M.R., Blatt, L.M., Siminovitch, K.A., Ward, S., Wolff, B., Lho, H., Interferon alfacon-1 plus corticosteroids in severe acute respiratory syndrome: a preliminary study (2003) JAMA, 290, pp. 3222-3228. , 14693875; Lu, L., Liu, Q., Zhu, Y., Chan, K.H., Qin, L., Li, Y., Structure-based discovery of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor (2014) Nat. Commun, 5 (3067). , 24473083; Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B., Wu, H., Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding (2020) Lancet, 6736, pp. 1-10; Luo, C.-M., Wang, N., Yang, X.-L., Liu, H.-Z., Zhang, W., Li, B., Discovery of novel bat coronaviruses in south china that use the same receptor as middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2018) J. Virol, 92 (e00116-18); Ma, C., Li, Y., Wang, L., Zhao, G., Tao, X., Tseng, C.T.K., Intranasal vaccination with recombinant receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein induces much stronger local mucosal immune responses than subcutaneous immunization: implication for designing novel mucosal MERS vaccines (2014) Vaccine, 32, pp. 2100-2108. , a, 24560617; Ma, C., Wang, L., Tao, X., Zhang, N., Yang, Y., Tseng, C.T.K., Searching for an ideal vaccine candidate among different MERS coronavirus receptor-binding fragments—The importance of immunofocusing in subunit vaccine design (2014) Vaccine, 32, pp. 6170-6176. , b, 25240756; Mackenzie, J.S., Jeggo, M., Reservoirs and vectors of emerging viruses (2013) Curr. Opin. Virol, 3, pp. 170-179. , 23491947; Mair-Jenkins, J., Saavedra-Campos, M., Baillie, J.K., Cleary, P., Khaw, F.M., Lim, W.S., The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis (2015) J. Infect. Dis, 211, pp. 80-90. , 25030060; Malczyk, A.H., Kupke, A., Prüfer, S., Scheuplein, V.A., Hutzler, S., Kreuz, D., A highly immunogenic and protective Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine based on a recombinant measles virus vaccine platform (2015) J. Virol, 89, pp. 11654-11667. , 26355094; Martin, J.E., Louder, M.K., Holman, L.S.A., Gordon, I.J., Enama, M.E., Larkin, B.D., A SARS DNA vaccine induces neutralizing antibody and cellular immune responses in healthy adults in a Phase I clinical trial (2008) Vaccine, 26, pp. 6338-6343. , 18824060; Matsuyama, S., Shirato, K., Kawase, M., Terada, Y., Kawachi, K., Fukushi, S., Middle East Respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein is not activated directly by cellular furin during viral entry into target cells (2018) J. Virol, 92 (e00683-18); Matteucci, E., Giampietro, O., Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26): knowing the function before inhibiting the enzyme (2016) Curr. Med. Chem, 4, pp. 80-102; McIntosh, K., Kapikian, A.Z., Turner, H.C., Hartley, J.W., Parrott, R.H., Chanock, R.M., Seroepidemiologic studies of coronavirus infection in adults and children (1970) Am. J. Epidemiol, 91, pp. 585-592. , 4315625; Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Mitchell, H.D., Dinnon, K.H., Leist, S.R., Yount, B.L., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonstructural protein 16 is necessary for interferon resistance and viral pathogenesis (2017) mSphere, 2, pp. 1-12; Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Mitchell, H.D., Dinnon, K.H., Leist, S.R., Yount, B.L., Combination attenuation offers strategy for live attenuated coronavirus vaccines (2018) J. Virol, 92, pp. 1-15; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S., Gralinski, L.E., Plante, J.A., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med, 21, pp. 1508-1513. , 26552008; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Josset, L., Gralinski, L.E., Scobey, T., Agnihothram, S., Attenuation and restoration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus mutant lacking 2’-o-methyltransferase activity (2014) J. Virol, 88, pp. 4251-4264; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Sims, A.C., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S.S., Gralinski, L.E., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 113, pp. 3048-3053. , 26976607; Millet, J.K., Whittaker, G.R., Host cell entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus after two-step, furin-mediated activation of the spike protein (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 111, pp. 15214-15219. , 25288733; Millet, J.K., Whittaker, G.R., Host cell proteases: critical determinants of coronavirus tropism and pathogenesis (2015) Virus Res, 202, pp. 120-134. , 25445340; Millet, J.K., Whittaker, G.R., Physiological and molecular triggers for SARS-CoV membrane fusion and entry into host cells (2018) Virology, 517, pp. 3-8. , 29275820; Min, J., Yu, D., Liang, W., Xu, R., Wang, Z., Fang, L., Molecular evolution of the SARS coronavirus during the course of the SARS epidemic in China (2004) Science, 303, pp. 1666-1669. , 14752165; Mo, Y., Fisher, D., A review of treatment modalities for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (2016) J. Antimicrob. Chemother, 71, pp. 3340-3350. , 27585965; Modjarrad, K., Roberts, C.C., Mills, K.T., Castellano, A.R., Paolino, K., Muthumani, K., Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial (2019) Lancet Infect. Dis, 19, pp. 1013-1022; Momattin, H., Mohammed, K., Zumla, A., Memish, Z.A., Al-Tawfiq, J.A., Therapeutic Options for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) - possible lessons from a systematic review of SARS-CoV therapy (2013) Int. J. Infect. Dis, 17, pp. e792-e798. , 23993766; Mubarak, A., Alturaiki, W., Hemida, M.G., Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov): infection, immunological response, and vaccine development (2019) J. Immunol. Res, 2019, pp. 1-11. , 31089478; Munster, V.J., Wells, D., Lambe, T., Wright, D., Fischer, R.J., Bushmaker, T., Protective efficacy of a novel simian adenovirus vaccine against lethal MERS-CoV challenge in a transgenic human DPP4 mouse model (2017) NPJ Vaccines, 2, pp. 1-3; Murphy, B.G., Perron, M., Murakami, E., Bauer, K., Park, Y., Eckstrand, C., The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies (2018) Vet. Microbiol, 219, pp. 226-233. , 29778200; Muthumani, K., Falzarano, D., Reuschel, E.L., Tingey, C., Flingai, S., Villarreal, D.O., A synthetic consensus anti-spike protein DNA vaccine induces protective immunity against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates (2015) Sci. Transl. Med, 7 (301ra132). , 26290414; Naso, M.F., Tomkowicz, B., Perry, W.L., Strohl, W.R., Adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a vector for gene therapy (2017) BioDrugs, 31, pp. 317-334; Neuman, B.W., Stein, D.A., Kroeker, A.D., Bestwick, R.K., Iversen, P.L., Moulton, H.M., Inhibition and escape of SARS-CoV treated with antisense morpholino oligomers (2006) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, 581, pp. 567-571. , 17037599; Nieto, K., Salvetti, A., AAV vectors vaccines against infectious diseases (2014) Front. Immunol, 5 (5). , 24478774; Nyon, M.P., Du, L., Tseng, C.T.K.T.K., Seid, C.A., Pollet, J., Naceanceno, K.S., Engineering a stable CHO cell line for the expression of a MERS-coronavirus vaccine antigen (2018) Vaccine, 36, pp. 1853-1862. , 29496347; Oh, H.J., Gan, S.K., Bertoletti, A., Tan, Y., Understanding the T cell immune response in SARS coronavirus infection (2012) Emerg. Microbes Infect, 1 (e23). , 26038429; Olinger, G.G., Pettitt, J., Kim, D., Working, C., Bohorov, O., Bratcher, B., Delayed treatment of Ebola virus infection with plant-derived monoclonal antibodies provides protection in rhesus macaques (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 109, pp. 18030-18035. , 23071322; Omrani, A.S., Saad, M.M., Baig, K., Bahloul, A., Abdul-Matin, M., Alaidaroos, A.Y., Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study (2014) Lancet Infect. Dis, 14, pp. 1090-1095; Ou, X., Leary, H.A.O., Broxmeyer, H.E., Review Article Implications of DPP4 modi fi cation of proteins that regulate stem / progenitor and more mature cell types (2019) Blood, 122, pp. 161-170; Pallesen, J., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Wrapp, D., Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Turner, H.L., Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 114, pp. E7348-E7357. , 28807998; Pascal, K.E., Coleman, C.M., Mujica, A.O., Kamat, V., Badithe, A., Fairhurst, J., Pre- and postexposure efficacy of fully human antibodies against Spike protein in a novel humanized mouse model of MERS-CoV infection (2015) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 112, pp. 8738-8743. , 26124093; Payne, D.C., Iblan, I., Rha, B., Alqasrawi, S., Haddadin, A., Nsour, M., Persistence of antibodies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2016) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 22, pp. 1824-1826; Peck, K.M., Burch, C.L., Heise, M.T., Baric, R.S., Coronavirus host range expansion and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus emergence: biochemical mechanisms and evolutionary perspectives (2015) Annu. Rev. Virol, 2, pp. 95-117; Pedersen, N.C., Perron, M., Bannasch, M., Montgomery, E., Murakami, E., Liepnieks, M., Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis (2019) J. Feline Med. Surg, 21, pp. 271-281. , 30755068; Peiris, J.S.M., Chu, C.M., Cheng, V.C.C., Chan, K.S.H., Hung, I.F.N., Poon, L.L.M., Clinical progression and viral load in a community outbreak of coronavirus-associated SARS pneumonia: a prospective study (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 1767-1772. , a; Peiris, J.S.M., Lai, S.T., Poon, L.L.M., Guan, Y., Yam, L.Y.C., Lim, W., Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 1319-1325. , b; Perlman, S., Netland, J., Coronaviruses post-SARS: update on replication and pathogenesis (2009) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 7, pp. 439-450. , 19430490; Perlman, S., Vijay, R., Middle East respiratory syndrome vaccines (2016) Int. J. Infect. Dis, 47, pp. 23-28. , 27062985; Petrovsky, N., SARS coronavirus infections of the lower respiratory tract and their prevention (2016) Microbiol. Respir. Syst. Infect, 2016, pp. 45-53; Plotkin, S.A., Correlates of protection induced by vaccination (2010) Clin. Vaccine Immunol, 17, pp. 1055-1065; Prabakaran, P., Zhu, Z., Xiao, X., Biragyn, A., Dimitrov, A.S., Broder, C.C., Potent human monoclonal antibodies against SARS CoV, Nipah and Hendra viruses (2009) Expert Opin. Biol. Ther, 9, pp. 355-368. , 19216624; Pyrc, K., Bosch, B.J., Berkhout, B., Jebbink, M.F., Dijkman, R., Rottier, P., Inhibition of human coronavirus NL63 infection at early stages of the replication cycle (2006) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 50, pp. 2000-2008; Qiu, H., Sun, S., Xiao, H., Feng, J., Guo, Y., Tai, W., Single-dose treatment with a humanized neutralizing antibody affords full protection of a human transgenic mouse model from lethal Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-coronavirus infection (2016) Antiviral Res, 132, pp. 141-148. , 27312105; Qiu, X., Audet, J., Wong, G., Pillet, S., Bello, A., Cabral, T., Successful treatment of ebola virus - infected cynomolgus macaques with monoclonal antibodies (2012) Sci. Transl. Med, 4, pp. 1-12; Raj, V.S., Mou, H., Smits, S.L., Dekkers, D.H.W., Müller, M.A., Dijkman, R., Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC (2013) Nature, 495, pp. 251-254. , 23486063; Raj, V.S., Okba, N.M.A., Gutierrez-Alvarez, J., Drabek, D., van Dieren, B., Widagdo, W., Chimeric camel/human heavy-chain antibodies protect against MERS-CoV infection (2018) Sci. Adv, 4, pp. 1-10. , 30101189; Raj, V.S., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., Fouchier, R.A.M., Haagmans, B.L., MERS: emergence of a novel human coronavirus (2014) Curr. Opin. Virol, 5, pp. 58-62. , 24584035; Reggiori, F., Monastyrska, I., Verheije, M.H., Calì, T., Ulasli, M., Bianchi, S., Coronaviruses hijack the LC3-I-positive EDEMosomes, ER-derived vesicles exporting short-lived ERAD regulators, for replication (2010) Cell Host Microbe, 7, pp. 500-508. , 20542253; Reynard, O., Nguyen, X.N., Alazard-Dany, N., Barateau, V., Cimarelli, A., Volchkov, V.E., Identification of a new ribonucleoside inhibitor of ebola virus replication (2015) Viruses, 7, pp. 6233-6240. , 26633464; Rezaee, F., Linfield, D.T., Harford, T.J., Piedimonte, G., Ongoing developments in RSV prophylaxis?: a clinician’s analysis (2017) Curr. Opin. Virol, pp. 70-78. , 28500974,112781; Richner, J.M., Himansu, S., Dowd, K.A., Butler, S.L., Salazar, V., Fox, J.M., Modified mRNA vaccines protect against zika virus infection (2017) Cell, 168, pp. 1114.e10-1125.e10. , 28222903; Roberts, A., Lamirande, E.W., Vogel, L., Baras, B., Goossens, G., Knott, I., Immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice and hamsters of a β-propiolactone inactivated whole virus SARS-CoV vaccine (2010) Viral Immunol, 23, pp. 509-519. , 20883165; Rockx, B., Corti, D., Donaldson, E., Sheahan, T., Stadler, K., Lanzavecchia, A., Structural basis for potent cross-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protection against lethal human and zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge (2008) J. Virol, 82, pp. 3220-3235; Rothe, C., Schunk, M., Sothmann, P., Bretzel, G., Froeschl, G., Wallrauch, C., Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 970-971. , 32003551; Schindewolf, C., Menachery, V.D., Middle east respiratory syndrome vaccine candidates: cautious optimism (2019) Viruses, 11 (74). , 30658390; See, R.H., Petric, M., Lawrence, D.J., Mok, C.P.Y., Rowe, T., Zitzow, L.A., Severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine efficacy in ferrets: whole killed virus and adenovirus-vectored vaccines (2008) J. Gen. Virol, 89, pp. 2136-2146; See, R.H., Zakhartchouk, A.N., Petric, M., Lawrence, D.J., Mok, C.P.Y., Hogan, R.J., Comparative evaluation of two severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) vaccine candidates in mice challenged with SARS coronavirus (2006) J. Gen. Virol, 87, pp. 641-650; Seong, B.L., Chaperna-mediated assembly of ferritin-based middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus nanoparticles (2018) Front. Immunol, 9 (1093). , 29868035; Shalhoub, S., Farahat, F., Al-Jiffri, A., Simhairi, R., Shamma, O., Siddiqi, N., IFN-α2a or IFN-β1a in combination with ribavirin to treat Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus pneumonia: a retrospective study (2015) J. Antimicrob. Chemother, 70, pp. 2129-2132. , 25900158; Sharif-Yakan, A., Kanj, S.S., Emergence of MERS-CoV in the middle east: origins, transmission, treatment, and perspectives (2014) PLoS Pathog, 10 (e1004457). , 25474536; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Case, J.B., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci. Transl. Med, 9, pp. 1-11. , 28659436; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Leist, S.R., Schäfer, A., Won, J., Brown, A.J., Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV (2020) Nat. Commun, 11 (222); Shin, H.S., Kim, Y., Kim, G., Lee, J.Y., Jeong, I., Joh, J.S., Immune responses to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus during the acute and convalescent phases of human infection (2019) Clin. Infect. Dis, 68, pp. 984-992. , 30060038; Simmons, G., Gosalia, D.N., Rennekamp, A.J., Reeves, J.D., Diamond, S.L., Bates, P., Inhibitors of cathepsin L prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 102, pp. 11876-11881. , 16081529; Smith, E.C., Blanc, H., Surdel, M.C., Vignuzzi, M., Denison, M.R., Coronaviruses lacking exoribonuclease activity are susceptible to lethal mutagenesis: evidence for proofreading and potential therapeutics (2013) PLoS Pathog, 9 (e1003565). , 23966862; Snijder, E.J., van der Meer, Y., Zevenhoven-Dobbe, J., Onderwater, J.J.M., van der Meulen, J., Koerten, H.K., Ultrastructure and origin of membrane vesicles associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication complex (2006) J. Virol, 80, pp. 5927-5940; Song, F., Fux, R., Provacia, L.B., Volz, A., Eickmann, M., Becker, S., Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein delivered by modified vaccinia virus ankara efficiently induces virus-neutralizing antibodies (2013) J. Virol, 87, pp. 11950-11954; Spruth, M., Kistner, O., Savidis-Dacho, H., Hitter, E., Crowe, B., Gerencer, M., A double-inactivated whole virus candidate SARS coronavirus vaccine stimulates neutralising and protective antibody responses (2006) Vaccine, 24, pp. 652-661. , 16214268; Stadler, K., Roberts, A., Becker, S., Vogel, L., Eickmann, M., Kolesnikova, L., SARS vaccine protective in mice [2] (2005) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 11, pp. 1312-1314. , 16110580; Stertz, S., Reichelt, M., Spiegel, M., Kuri, T., Martínez-Sobrido, L., García-Sastre, A., The intracellular sites of early replication and budding of SARS-coronavirus (2007) Virology, 361, pp. 304-315. , 17210170; Strobel, B., Zuckschwerdt, K., Zimmermann, G., Mayer, C., Eytner, R., Rechtsteiner, P., Standardized, Scalable, and Timely Flexible Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Production Using Frozen High-Density HEK-293 Cell Stocks and CELLdiscs (2019) Hum. Gene Ther. Methods, 30, pp. 23-33. , 30693792; Sui, J., Li, W., Murakami, A., Tamin, A., Matthews, L.J., Wong, S.K., Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 101, pp. 2536-2541. , 14983044; Sung, J.J.Y., Wu, A., Joynt, G.M., Yuen, K.Y., Lee, N., Chan, P.K.S., Severe acute respiratory syndrome: report of treatment and outcome after a major outbreak (2004) Thorax, 59, pp. 414-420. , 15115870; Tai, W., Wang, Y., Fett, C.A., Zhao, G., Li, F., Perlman, S., Recombinant receptor-binding domains of multiple middle east respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (MERS-CoVs) induce cross-neutralizing antibodies against divergent human and camel MERS-CoVs and antibody escape mutants (2017) J. Virol, 91 (e01651-16); Tai, W., Zhao, G., Sun, S., Guo, Y., Wang, Y., Tao, X., A recombinant receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV in trimeric form protects human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4) transgenic mice from MERS-CoV infection (2016) Virology, 499, pp. 375-382. , 27750111; Tan, E.L.C., Ooi, E.E., Lin, C.Y., Tan, H.C., Ling, A.E., Lim, B., Inhibition of SARS coronavirus infection in vitro with clinically approved antiviral drugs (2004) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 10, pp. 581-586. , 15200845; Tang, F., Quan, Y., Xin, Z., Wrammert, J., Ma, M., Lv, H., Lack of peripheral memory B cell responses in recovered patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: a six-year follow-up study (2019) J. Immunol, 186, pp. 7264-7268; Tang, J., Zhang, N., Tao, X., Zhao, G., Guo, Y., Tseng, C.K., Optimization of antigen dose for a receptor- binding domain-based subunit vaccine against MERS coronavirus (2015) Hum. Vaccines Immunother, 11, pp. 1244-1250. , 25874632; Tang, X.C., Agnihothram, S.S., Jiao, Y., Stanhope, J., Graham, R.L., Peterson, E.C., Identification of human neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and their role in virus adaptive evolution (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 111, pp. E2018-E2026. , 24778221; Ter Meulen, J., Bakker, A.B.H., Van Den Brink, E.N., Weverling, G.J., Martina, B.E.E., Haagmans, B.L., Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets (2004) Lancet, 363, pp. 2139-2141; Ter Meulen, J., Van Den Brink, E.N., Poon, L.L.M., Marissen, W.E., Leung, C.S.W., Cox, F., Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants (2006) PLoS Med, 3 (e237). , 16796401; Tortorici, M.A., Veesler, D., (2019) Structural Insights into Coronavirus Entry, , 1st Edn, Amsterdam, Elsevier; Traggiai, E., Becker, S., Subbarao, K., Kolesnikova, L., Uematsu, Y., Gismondo, M.R., An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus (2004) Nat. Med, 10, pp. 871-875. , 15247913; Tse, L.V., Klinc, K.A., Madigan, V.J., Castellanos Rivera, R.M., Wells, L.F., Havlik, L.P., Structure-guided evolution of antigenically distinct adeno-associated virus variants for immune evasion (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 114, pp. E4812-E4821. , 28559317; Tse, L.V., Moller-Tank, S., Asokan, A., Strategies to circumvent humoral immunity to adeno-associated viral vectors (2015) Expert Opin. Biol. Ther, 15, pp. 845-855. , 25985812; Ura, T., Okuda, K., Shimada, M., Developments in viral vector-based vaccines (2014) Vaccines, 2, pp. 624-641. , 26344749; Urakova, N., Kuznetsova, V., Crossman, D.K., Sokratian, A., Guthrie, D.B., Kolykhalov, A.A., β-D- N 4 -hydroxycytidine is a potent anti-alphavirus compound that induces a high level of mutations in the viral genome (2017) J. Virol, 92, pp. 1-22; van den Brink, E.N., ter Meulen, J., Cox, F., Jongeneelen, M.A.C., Thijsse, A., Throsby, M., Molecular and biological characterization of human monoclonal antibodies binding to the spike and nucleocapsid proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2005) J. Virol, 79, pp. 1635-1644. , 15650189; van Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Ying, T., de Wit, E., Bushmaker, T., Feldmann, F., Efficacy of antibody-based therapies against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in common marmosets (2017) Antiviral Res, 143, pp. 30-37. , 28389142; Volz, A., Kupke, A., Song, F., Jany, S., Fux, R., Shams-Eldin, H., Protective efficacy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara delivering middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein (2015) J. Virol, 89, pp. 8651-8656; Walls, A.C., Xiong, X., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Snijder, J., Quispe, J., Unexpected receptor functional mimicry elucidates activation of coronavirus fusion (2019) Cell, 176, pp. 1026.e15-1039.e15. , a, 30712865; Walls, A.C., Xiong, X., Rey, A., Park, Y., Corti, D., Veesler, D., Activation of coronavirus fusion unexpected receptor functional mimicry elucidates activation of coronavirus fusion (2019) Cell, 176, pp. 1026-1039. , b; Wang, C., Zheng, X., Gai, W., Wong, G., Wang, H., Jin, H., Novel chimeric virus-like particles vaccine displaying MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain induce specific humoral and cellular immune response in mice (2017) Antiviral Res, 140, pp. 55-61. , a, 28040513; Wang, C., Zheng, X., Gai, W., Zhao, Y., Gao, Y., Yang, S., MERS-CoV virus-like particles produced in insect cells induce specific humoural and cellular imminity in rhesus macaques (2017) Oncotarget, 8, pp. 12686-12694. , b; Wang, Y., Tai, W., Yang, J., Zhao, G., Sun, S., Tseng, C.T.K., Receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV with optimal immunogen dosage and immunization interval protects human transgenic mice from MERS-CoV infection (2017) Hum. Vaccin. Immunother, 13, pp. 1615-1624. , 28277821; Wang, L., Shi, W., Chappell, J.D., Joyce, M.G., Zhang, Y., Kanekiyo, M., Importance of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic sites on the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein to avoid neutralization escape (2018) J. Virol, 92, pp. 1-21; Wang, L., Shi, W., Joyce, M.G., Modjarrad, K., Zhang, Y., Leung, K., Evaluation of candidate vaccine approaches for MERS-CoV (2015) Nat. Commun, 6, pp. 1-11. , 26218507; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res, 30, pp. 269-271; Wang, N., Rosen, O., Wang, L., Turner, H.L., Stevens, L.J., Corbett, K.S., Structural Definition of a Neutralization-Sensitive Epitope on the MERS-CoV S1-NTD (2019) Cell Rep, 28, pp. 3395.e6-3405.e6. , 31553909; Wang, W., Chen, S., Liu, I., Kao, C., Chen, H., Chiang, B., Temporal relationship of viral load, ribavirin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and clinical progression in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2004) Clin. Infect. Dis, 39, pp. 1071-1075. , 15472864; Warimwe, G.M., Gesharisha, J., Carr, B.V., Otieno, S., Otingah, K., Wright, D., Chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine provides multispecies protection against rift valley fever (2016) Sci. Rep, 6, pp. 1-7. , 26847478; White, J.M., Whittaker, G.R., Fusion of enveloped viruses in endosomes (2016) Traffic, 17, pp. 593-614. , 26935856; Widagdo, W., Okba, N.M.A., Stalin Raj, V., Haagmans, B.L., MERS-coronavirus: from discovery to intervention (2017) One Heal, 3, pp. 11-16. , 28616497; Wirblich, C., Coleman, C.M., Kurup, D., Abraham, T.S., Bernbaum, J.G., Jahrling, P.B., One-health: a safe, efficient, dual-use vaccine for humans and animals against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus and rabies virus (2017) J. Virol, 91, pp. 1-15; Woo, P.C.Y., Lau, S.K.P., Huang, Y., Yuen, K.Y., Coronavirus diversity, phylogeny and interspecies jumping (2009) Exp. Biol. Med, 234, pp. 1117-1127. , 19546349; Woo, P.C.Y., Lau, S.K.P., Tsoi, H., Huang, Y., Poon, R.W.S., Chu, C., Clinical and molecular epidemiological features of coronavirus HKU1-associated community-acquired pneumonia (2005) J. Infect. Dis, 192, pp. 1898-1907. , 16267760; (2018) WHO MERS Global Summary and Assessment of Risk, , Geneva, WHO; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 1263, pp. 1260-1263. , 32075877; Wu, C.Y., Jan, J.T., Ma, S.H., Kuo, C.J., Juan, H.F., Cheng, Y.S.E., Small molecules targeting severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 101, pp. 10012-10017. , 15226499; Xia, S., Yan, L., Xu, W., Agrawal, A.S., Algaissi, A., Tseng, C.T.K., A pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitor targeting the HR1 domain of human coronavirus spike (2019) Sci. Adv, 5 (eaav4580). , 30989115; Xu, J., Jia, W., Wang, P., Zhang, S., Shi, X., Wang, X., Antibodies and vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2019) Emerg. Microbes Infect, 8, pp. 841-856. , 31169078; Yang, Z.Y., Kong, W.P., Huang, Y., Roberts, A., Murphy, B.R., Subbarao, K., A DNA vaccine induces SARS coronavirus neutralization and protective immunity in mice (2004) Nature, 428, pp. 561-564. , 15024391; Ying, T., Du, L., Ju, T.W., Prabakaran, P., Lau, C.C.Y., Lu, L., Exceptionally potent neutralization of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies (2014) J. Virol, 88, pp. 7796-7805; Ying, T., Prabakaran, P., Du, L., Shi, W., Feng, Y., Wang, Y., Junctional and allele-specific residues are critical for MERS-CoV neutralization by an exceptionally potent germline-like antibody (2015) Nat. Commun, 6 (8223). , 26370782; Yong, C.Y., Ong, H.K., Yeap, S.K., Ho, K.L., Tan, W.S., Recent advances in the vaccine development against middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (2019) Front. Microbiol, 10 (1781); Yoon, J.J., Toots, M., Lee, S., Lee, M.E., Ludeke, B., Luczo, J.M., Orally efficacious broad-spectrum ribonucleoside analog inhibitor of influenza and respiratory syncytial viruses (2018) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 62, pp. 1-18; Yuan, S., Chu, H., Chan, J.F.W., Ye, Z.W., Wen, L., Yan, B., SREBP-dependent lipidomic reprogramming as a broad-spectrum antiviral target (2019) Nat. Commun, 10 (120). , 30631056; Yuan, Y., Cao, D., Zhang, Y., Ma, J., Qi, J., Wang, Q., Cryo-EM structures of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV spike glycoproteins reveal the dynamic receptor binding domains (2017) Nat. Commun, 8 (15092). , 28393837; Zabner, J., Seiler, M., Walters, R., Kotin, R.M., Fulgeras, W., Davidson, B.L., Adeno-associated virus type 5 (AAV5) but not AAV2 binds to the apical surfaces of airway epithelia and facilitates gene transfer (2000) J. Virol, 74, pp. 3852-3858. , 10729159; Zhang, C., Maruggi, G., Shan, H., Li, J., Advances in mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases (2019) Front. Immunol, 10 (594). , 30972078; Zhang, N., Channappanavar, R., Ma, C., Wang, L., Tang, J., Garron, T., Identification of an ideal adjuvant for receptor-binding domain-based subunit vaccines against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2016) Cell. Mol. Immunol, 13, pp. 180-190. , 25640653; Zhang, N., Jiang, S., Du, L., Current advancements and potential strategies in the development of MERS-CoV vaccines (2014) Expert Rev. Vaccines, 13, pp. 761-774. , 24766432; Zhao, G., He, L., Sun, S., Qiu, H., Tai, W., Chen, J., A novel nanobody targeting middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) receptor-binding domain has potent cross-neutralizing activity and protective efficacy against MERS-CoV (2018) J. Virol, 92 (e00837-18); Zhao, J., Alshukairi, A.N., Baharoon, S.A., Ahmed, W.A., Bokhari, A.A., Nehdi, A.M., Recovery from the Middle East respiratory syndrome is associated with antibody and T cell responses (2017) Sci. Immunol, 5393, pp. 1-11; Zhao, J., Perera, R.A.P.M., Kayali, G., Meyerholz, D., Perlman, S., Peiris, M., Passive immunotherapy with dromedary immune serum in an experimental animal model for middle east respiratory syndrome (2015) J. Virol, 89, pp. 6117-6120; Zhao, J., Zhao, J., Perlman, S., T cell responses are required for protection from clinical disease and for virus clearance in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-infected mice ? (2010) J. Virol, 84, pp. 9318-9325; Zhao, J.J.J., Zhao, J.J.J., Mangalam, A.K., Channappanavar, R., Fett, C., Meyerholz, D.K., Airway memory CD4+ T cells mediate protective immunity against emerging respiratory coronaviruses (2016) Immunity, 44, pp. 1379-1391. , 27287409; Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Zhu, Z., Chakraborti, S., He, Y., Roberts, A., Sheahan, T., Xiao, X., Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 104, pp. 12123-12128. , 17620608; Ziebuhr, J., Snijder, E.J., Gorbalenya, A.E., Virus-encoded proteinases and proteolytic processing in the nidovirales (2000) J. Gen. Virol, 81Pt 4, pp. 853-879; Zumla, A., Chan, J.F.W.W., Azhar, E.I., Hui, D.S.C.C., Yuen, K.Y., Coronaviruses-drug discovery and therapeutic options (2016) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov, 15, pp. 327-347. , a, 26868298; Zumla, A., Hui, D.S., Perlman, S., To, C., Stanley, P., Middle east respiratory syndrome HHS public access (2015) Lancet, 386, pp. 995-1007; Zumla, A., Rao, M., Wallis, R.S., Kaufmann, S.H.E., Rustomjee, R., Mwaba, P., Host-directed therapies for infectious diseases: current status, recent progress, and future prospects (2016) Lancet Infect. Dis, 16, pp. e47-e63. , b PY - 2020 SN - 1664302X (ISSN) ST - The Current and Future State of Vaccines, Antivirals and Gene Therapies Against Emerging Coronaviruses T2 - Frontiers in Microbiology TI - The Current and Future State of Vaccines, Antivirals and Gene Therapies Against Emerging Coronaviruses UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084343548&doi=10.3389%2ffmicb.2020.00658&partnerID=40&md5=380799f6fd72a91abaf218ad4be356c5 VL - 11 ID - 515 ER - TY - JOUR AB - INTRODUCTION: With the current COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised about the risk to children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to collate global experience and provide provisional guidance for managing paediatric IBD (PIBD) in the era of COVID-19. METHODS: An electronic reporting system of children with IBD infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been circulated among 102 PIBD centres affiliated with the Porto and Interest-group of ESPGHAN. A survey has been completed by major PIBD centres in China and South-Korea to explore management during the pandemic. A third survey collected current practice of PIBD treatment. Finally guidance points for practice have been formulated and voted upon by 37 PIBD authors and Porto group members. RESULTS: Eight PIBD children had COVID-19 globally, all with mild infection without needing hospitalization despite treatment with immunomodulators and/or biologics. No cases have been reported in China and South Korea but biologic treatment has been delayed in 79 children, of whom 17 (22%) had exacerbation of their IBD. Among the Porto group members, face-to-face appointments were often replaced by remote consultations but almost all did not change current IBD treatment. Ten guidance points for clinicians caring for PIBD patients in epidemic areas have been endorsed with consensus rate of 92-100%. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data for PIBD patients during COVID-19 outbreak are reassuring. Standard IBD treatments including biologics should continue at present through the pandemic, especially in children who generally have more severe IBD course on one hand, and milder SARS-CoV-2 infection on the other. AD - Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Department of Gastroenterology, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, China Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Kyungpook National University Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu, South Korea Pediatric Gastrointestinal Unit H.G.U. Gregorio MaranonMadrid, Spain Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Biomedical Research Center Oxford, United Kingdom Departement NEUROFARBA- University of Florence - Meyer children's Hospital- Florence, Italy Pediatric Gastroenterology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário S. JoãoPorto, Portugal Université Paris Descartes, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh AU - Turner, D. AU - Huang, Y. AU - Martín-de-Carpi, J. AU - Aloi, M. AU - Focht, G. AU - Kang, B. AU - Zhou, Y. AU - Sanchez, C. AU - Kappelman, M. D. AU - Uhlig, H. H. AU - Pujol-Muncunill, G. AU - Ledder, O. AU - Lionetti, P. AU - Dias, J. A. AU - Ruemmele, F. M. AU - Russell, R. K. AU - Paediatric, I. B. D. Porto group of Espghan C2 - 32235161 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002729 J2 - J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. KW - immunologic factor adolescent adult Betacoronavirus child complication consensus coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus infection health care survey human inflammatory bowel disease pandemic Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 severity of illness index virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Health Care Surveys Humans Immunologic Factors Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :54 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Chemicals/CAS: Immunologic Factors PY - 2020 SN - 15364801 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN T2 - Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition TI - COVID-19 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083205278&doi=10.1097%2fMPG.0000000000002729&partnerID=40&md5=9e4fa4ff84a822d73797a217ce452ca8 ID - 521 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences (RIHS), Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 117), Nijmegen, 6500HB, Netherlands Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Social and Economic Policy Unit, UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti, Florence, Italy The Global Women's Institute at the George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, United States Independent ConsultantNJ, United States United States Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, United States Institute of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany AU - van Gelder, N. AU - Peterman, A. AU - Potts, A. AU - O'Donnell, M. AU - Thompson, K. AU - Shah, N. AU - Oertelt-Prigione, S. AU - Gender AU - group, Covid- working C7 - 100348 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100348 J2 - EClinicalMedicine KW - anger communicable disease control coping behavior coronavirus disease 2019 daily life activity depression domestic violence economic recession emotional stress frustration health care availability health care financing health education human infection risk mental stress Note pandemic partner violence patient safety posttraumatic stress disorder quarantine risk reduction safety net health care Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 social distancing social isolation social media social stress socioeconomics LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :74 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Oertelt-Prigione, S.; Department of Primary and Community Care, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 117), Netherlands; email: sabine.oertelt-prigione@radboudumc.nl References: Brooks, S.K., Webster, R.K., Smith, L.E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 912-920; Peterman, A., Potts, A., O'Donnell, M., Thompson, K., Shah, N., Oertelt-Prigione, S., Pandemics and violence against women and children (2020) Center Global Dev Work Paper 528; Fulu, E., Jewkes, R., Roselli, T., Garcia-Moreno, G., Prevalence of and factors associated with male perpetration of intimate partner violence: findings from the UN multi-country cross-sectional study on men and violence in Asia and the Pacific (2013) Lancet Glob Health, 1, pp. e187-e207; Devries, K.M., Mak, J.Y., Garcia-Moreno, C., Petzold, M., Child, J.C., Falder, G., Global health. The global prevalence of intimate partner violence against women (2013) Science, 340, pp. 1527-1528; Hagan, Raghavan, Doychak, Functional isolation: understanding isolation in trafficking survivors (2019) Sex Abuse, (Nov 28); Health care for women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: a clinical handbook (2014), https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/vaw-clinical-handbook/en/, WHO Online at:; Strengthening health systems to respond to women subjected to intimate partner violence or sexual violence: a manual for health managers (2017), https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/violence/vaw-health-systems-manual/en/, WHO Accessed at:; Zapor, H., Wolford-Clevenger, C., Johnson, D.M., The association between social support and stages of change in survivors of intimate partner violence (2015) J Interpers Violence, 33 (7), pp. 1051-1070; Selvaratnam, T., Where can domestic violence victims turn during Covid-19? (2020), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/opinion/covid-domestic-violence.html, New York Times Accessed at:UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083326851&doi=10.1016%2fj.eclinm.2020.100348&partnerID=40&md5=b4d2c137da4a34f70fecbcbdb6f28d60 PY - 2020 SN - 25895370 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence T2 - EClinicalMedicine TI - COVID-19: Reducing the risk of infection might increase the risk of intimate partner violence VL - 21 ID - 517 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has drastically altered all facets of clinical care and research. Clinical research in hepatology has had a rich tradition in several domains, including the discovery and therapeutic development for diseases such as hepatitis B and C and studying the natural history of many forms of chronic liver disease. National Institutes of Health, foundation, and industry funding have provided important opportunities to advance the academic careers of young investigators while they strived to make contributions to the field. Instantaneously, however, all nonessential research activities were halted when the pandemic started, forcing those involved in clinical research to rethink their research strategy, including a shift to coronavirus disease 2019 research while endeavoring to maintain their preexisting agenda. Strategies to maintain the integrity of ongoing studies, including patient follow-up, safety assessments, and continuation of investigational products, have included a shift to telemedicine, remote safety laboratory monitoring, and shipping of investigational products to study subjects. As a revamp of research is being planned, unique issues that face the research community include maintenance of infrastructure, funding, completion of studies in the predetermined time frame, and the need to reprogram career path timelines. Real-world databases, biomarker and long-term follow up studies, and research involving special groups (children, the homeless, and other marginalized populations) are likely to face unique challenges. The implementation of telemedicine has been dramatically accelerated and will serve as a backbone for the future of clinical research. As we move forward, innovation in clinical trial design will be essential for conducting optimized clinical research. © 2020 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. AD - Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Division of Pediatric Hepatology, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States Liver Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Organ Transplant and Liver Center, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States Southern Nazarene University, Bethel, OK, United States Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States Division of Gastroenterology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States HepQuant LLC, Greenwood VillageCO, United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States AU - Verna, E. C. AU - Serper, M. AU - Chu, J. AU - Corey, K. AU - Fix, O. K. AU - Hoyt, K. AU - Page, K. A. AU - Loomba, R. AU - Li, M. AU - Everson, G. T. AU - Fried, M. W. AU - Garcia-Tsao, G. AU - Terrault, N. AU - Lok, A. S. AU - Chung, R. T. AU - Reddy, K. R. C2 - 32740969 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/hep.31491 IS - 5 J2 - Hepatology KW - biological marker Article biobank career clinical research clinical trial (topic) coronavirus disease 2019 data analysis data base follow up Food and Drug Administration funding health disparity human laboratory test methodology national health organization pandemic patient care patient monitoring population priority journal remote sensing risk assessment Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shipping telemedicine Coronavirus infection female forecasting gastroenterology health care delivery male medical research needs assessment organization and management procedures program development program evaluation United States virus pneumonia Biomedical Research Coronavirus Infections Delivery of Health Care Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Research Design LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: HPTLD Correspondence Address: Reddy, K.R.; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, United States; email: reddyr@pennmedicine.upenn.edu Funding details: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, ISMMS Funding details: University of South China, USC Funding text 1: AASLD COVID-19 Clinical Oversight Subcommittee (COS): Oren K. Fix, M.D., M.Sc., F.A.A.S.L.D. (co-chair) Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA Elizabeth C. Verna, M.D., M.S. (co-chair) Columbia University, New York, NY Kimberly A. Brown, M.D., F.A.A.S.L.D. Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI Jaime Chu, M.D. Icahn School of Medicine at Mt Sinai, New York, NY Bilal Hameed, M.D. University of California, San Francisco, CA Laura M. Kulik, M.D. Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL Ryan M. Kwok, M.D. Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, M.D. Brendan M. McGuire, M.D. University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL Daniel S. Pratt, M.D., F.A.A.S.L.D. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Jennifer C. Price, M.D., Ph.D. University of California, San Francisco, CA Nancy S. Reau, M.D., F.A.A.S.L.D. Rush University, Chicago, IL Mark W. Russo, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.A.S.L.D. Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC Michael L. Schilsky, M.D., F.A.A.S.L.D. Yale University, New Haven, CT Norah A. Terrault, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.A.S.L.D. Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA Andrew Reynolds (patient advocate) The writing group acknowledges and thanks Professors Stefan Zeuzem and Jonel Trebicka (Germany), Graham Foster (United Kingdom), Pietro Lampertico (Italy), Fabien Zoulim (France), Grace Wong (Hong Kong), Jia-Horng Kao (Taiwan), and Dr. Manuel Mendizabal (Argentina) for providing valuable perspective on the status of clinical research in their countries. Also acknowledged are Anita Kalluri and Vanessa Weir (helped in collating the document), Thelmelis Abreu (illustrations), and Katherine Wagner, M.I.P.H. (co-contributor to part on marginalized population). References: Falade-Nwulia, O., Suarez-Cuervo, C., Nelson, D.R., Fried, M.W., Segal, J.B., Sulkowski, M.S., Oral direct-acting agent therapy for hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review (2017) Ann Intern Med, 166, pp. 637-648; Zoulim, F., Lebossé, F., Levrero, M., Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B virus infections (2016) Curr Opin Virol, 18, pp. 109-116; Younossi, Z.M., Ratziu, V., Loomba, R., Rinella, M., Anstee, Q.M., Goodman, Z., Obeticholic acid for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: interim analysis from a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (2019) Lancet, 394, pp. 2184-2196; Seeff, L.B., Beebe, G.W., Hoofnagle, J.H., Norman, J.E., Buskell-Bales, Z., Waggoner, J.G., A serologic follow-up of the 1942 epidemic of post-vaccination hepatitis in the United States Army (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 965-970; Di Bisceglie, A.M., Shiffman, M.L., Everson, G.T., Lindsay, K.L., Everhart, J.E., Wright, E.C., Prolonged therapy of advanced chronic hepatitis C with low-dose peginterferon (2008) N Engl J Med, 359, pp. 2429-2441; Evon, D.M., Sarkar, S., Amador, J., Lok, A.S., Sterling, R.K., Stewart, P.W., Patient-reported symptoms during and after direct-acting antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis C: the PROP UP study (2019) J Hepatol, 71, pp. 486-497; Mishra, P., Florian, J., Peter, J., Vainorius, M., Fried, M.W., Nelson, D.R., Public-private partnership: Targeting real-world data for hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals (2017) Gastroenterology, 153, pp. 626-631; Mendenhall, C.L., Moritz, T.E., Roselle, G.A., Morgan, T.R., Nemchausky, B.A., Tamburro, C.H., A study of oral nutritional support with oxandrolone in malnourished patients with alcoholic hepatitis: results of a Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study (1993) Hepatology, 17, pp. 564-576; Morgan, T.R., Weiss, D.G., Nemchausky, B., Schiff, E.R., Anand, B., Simon, F., Colchicine treatment of alcoholic cirrhosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of patient survival (2005) Gastroenterology, 128, pp. 882-890; Gaziano, J.M., Concato, J., Brophy, M., Fiore, L., Pyarajan, S., Breeling, J., Million veteran program: a mega-biobank to study genetic influences on health and disease (2016) J Clin Epidemiol, 70, pp. 214-223; Padala, P.R., Jendro, A.M., Gauss, C.H., Orr, L.C., Dean, K.T., Wilson, K.B., Participant and caregiver perspectives on clinical research during Covid-19 pandemic (2020) J am Geriatr Soc, 68, pp. E14-E18; Thabane, L., Mbuagbaw, L., Zhang, S., Samaan, Z., Marcucci, M., Ye, C., A tutorial on sensitivity analyses in clinical trials: the what, why, when and how (2013) BMC Med Res Methodol, 13, p. 92; Janssen, K.J., Donders, A.R.T., Harrell, F.E., Vergouwe, Y., Chen, Q., Grobbee, D.E., Missing covariate data in medical research: To impute is better than to ignore (2010) J Clin Epidemiol, 63, pp. 721-727; Yin, G., (2012) Clinical Trial Design: Bayesian and Frequentist Adaptive Methods, , Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons; Atkins, D., Kilbourne, A.M., Shulkin, D., Moving from discovery to system-wide change: the role of research in a learning health care system: experience from three decades of health systems research in the Veterans Health Administration (2017) Annu Rev Public Health, 38, pp. 467-487; (2020) Trend, Charts, and Maps, , https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/resources/trends#RegisteredStudiesOverTime, September 2, Accessed September 2, 2020; FDA Guidance on Conduct of Clinical Trials of Medical Products during COVID-19 Public Health Emergency., , https://www.fda.gov/media/136238/download, July 2, 2020., Accessed September 2, 2020; Guidance for Nih-Funded Clinical Trials and Human Subjects Studies Affected by COVID-19., , https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-20-087.html, March 16, 2020., Accessed September 2, 2020; Mehta, H.B., Ehrhardt, S., Moore, T.J., Segal, J.B., Alexander, G.C., Characteristics of registered clinical trials assessing treatments for COVID-19: a cross-sectional analysis (2020) BMJ Open, 10; Amero, S., Temporary, emergency situations due to COVID-19 and application scores received during peer review (2020) Extramural Nexus, , https://nexus.od.nih.gov/all/2020/04/21sz/temporary-emergency-situations-due-to-covid-19-and-application-scores-received-during-peer-review/, Accessed August 19, 2020; Sherman, R.E., Anderson, S.A., Dal Pan, G.J., Gray, G.W., Gross, T., Hunter, N.L., Real-world evidence—what is it and what can it tell us? (2016) N Engl J Med, 375, pp. 2293-2297; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Crawford, J.M., McGinn, T., Davidson, K.W., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2052-2059; Garg, S., Kim, L., Whitaker, M., O’Halloran, A., Cummings, C., Holstein, R., Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019—COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1-30, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 458-464; Fabio, C., Antonella, C., Patrizia, R.Q., Francesco, C., Annalisa, R., Laura, G., Early predictors of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 outbreak in Milan, Italy (2020) Clin Immunol, 217; Grein, J., Ohmagari, N., Shin, D., Diaz, G., Asperges, E., Castagna, A., Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 2327-2336; Antinori, S., Cossu, M.V., Ridolfo, A.L., Rech, R., Bonazzetti, C., Pagani, G., Compassionate remdesivir treatment of severe Covid-19 pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients: clinical outcome and differences in post-treatment hospitalisation status (2020) Pharmacol Res, 158, p. 104899; Gautret, P., Lagier, J.C., Parola, P., Hoang, V.T., Meddeb, L., Mailhe, M., Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 56, p. 105949; Kim, A.H.J., Sparks, J.A., Liew, J.W., Putman, M.S., Berenbaum, F., Duarte-Garcia, A., A rush to judgment? Rapid reporting and dissemination of results and its consequences regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 (2020) Ann Intern Med, 172, pp. 819-821; Mehra, M.R., Desai, S.S., Ruschitzka, F., Patel, A.N., Retraction—hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: A multinational registry analysis (2020) Lancet, 395, p. 1820; Mehra, M.R., Desai, S.S., Kuy, S., Henry, T.D., Patel, A.N., Retraction: Cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, p. 2582; Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1843-1844; Azzi, L., Carcano, G., Gianfagna, F., Grossi, P., Gasperina, D.D., Genoni, A., Saliva is a reliable tool to detect SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J Infect, 81, pp. e45-e50; (2020) Division of Viral Diseases. Interim Laboratory Biosafety Guidelines for Handling and Processing Specimens Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/lab-biosafety-guidelines.html, NCIRD, August 11; Abrahamson, M., Hooker, E., Ajami, N.J., Petrosino, J.F., Orwoll, E.S., Successful collection of stool samples for microbiome analyses from a large community-based population of elderly men (2017) Contemp Clin Trials Commun, 7, pp. 158-162; Hughes, S.R., Chapleau, R.R., Comparing DNA quantity and quality using saliva collection following food and beverage consumption (2019) BMC Res Notes, 12, p. 165; Barrett, J.R., Do-it-yourself biospecimens: The benefits of home collection (2004) Environ Health Perspect, 112, p. A51; (2020), https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-study-quantify-undetected-cases-coronavirus-infection, NIH begins study to quantify undetected cases of coronavirus infection. April 10, Accessed September 2, 2020; Bezerra, J.A., Wells, R.G., Mack, C.L., Karpen, S.J., Hoofnagle, J.H., Doo, E., Biliary atresia: clinical and research challenges for the twenty-first century (2018) Hepatology, 68, pp. 1163-1173; https://childrennetwork.org, ChiLDReN, Accessed September 2, 2020; Mehta, P., McAuley, D.F., Brown, M., Sanchez, E., Tattersall, R.S., Manson, J.J., HLH Across Speciality Collaboration UK. COVID-19: Consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1033-1034; Alonso, E.M., Horslen, S.P., Behrens, E.M., Doo, E., Pediatric acute liver failure of undetermined cause: a research workshop (2017) Hepatology, 65, pp. 1026-1037; Squires, J.E., Ng, V.L., Hawthorne, K., Henn, L.L., Sorensen, L.G., Fredericks, E.M., Neurodevelopmental outcomes in preschool and school aged children with biliary atresia and their native liver (2020) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 70, pp. 79-86; COVID-19 Post Liver Transplantation Data Collection Registry for Pediatric Patients (0-21 Years, , https://tts.org/initiatives/split-covid-19-post-liver-transplantation-data-collection-registry, Accessed September 2, 2020; Chowkwanyun, M., Reed, A.L., Jr., Racial health disparities and Covid-19—caution and context (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 201-203; Alessandra, M., The pandemic and the female academic, , https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01135-9AMn, April 17, 2020, Accessed September 2, 2020; Lucy, F., Moving remote: The post-pandemic clinical (2020) Trial, , https://social.eyeforpharma.com/clinical/moving-remote-post-pandemic-clinical-trial, April 3, Accessed September 2, 2020; Nicola, D., Telemedicine: The future of clinical trials?, , https://social.eyeforpharma.com/clinical/telemedicine-future-clinical-trials, December 13, 2019, Accessed September 2, 2020; Marrero, J.A., Kulik, L.M., Sirlin, C.B., Zhu, A.X., Finn, R.S., Abecassis, M.M., Diagnosis, staging, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma: 2018 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (2018) Hepatology, 68, pp. 723-750; Use of Electronic Informed Consent: Questions and Answers., , https://www.fda.gov/media/116850/download, Published December 2016, Accessed June 2020; (2011) Mhealth: New Horizons for Health through Mobile Technologies, , http://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_mhealth_web.pdf.AccessedJune2020; Kakkar, A.K., Sarma, P., Medhi, B., MHealth technologies in clinical trials: Opportunities and challenges (2018) Indian J Pharmacol, 50, pp. 105-107; Orri, M., Lipset, C.H., Jacobs, B.P., Costello, A.J., Cummings, S.R., Web-based trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolterodine ER 4 mg in participants with overactive bladder: REMOTE trial (2014) Contemp Clin Trials, 38, pp. 190-197; Anguera, J.A., Jordan, J.T., Castaneda, D., Gazzaley, A., Arean, P.A., Conducting a fully mobile and randomised clinical trial for depression: access, engagement and expense (2016) BMJ Innov, 2, pp. 14-21; Borno, H.T., Zhang, L., Siegel, A., Chang, E., Ryan, C.J., At what cost to clinical trial enrollment? A retrospective study of patient travel burden in cancer clinical trials (2018) Oncologist, 23, pp. 1242-1249; www.healthmeasures.net, Accessed June, 2020; Lei, B.U.W., Prow, T.W., A review of microsampling techniques and their social impact (2019) Biomed Microdevices, 21, p. 81; Gould, B., Lyft and Uber Address Transportation Challenges for Clinical Trial Patients, , https://www.mdconnectinc.com/medical-marketing-insights/lyft-and-uber-address-transportation-challenges, Accessed June, 2020; Seidler, E.M., Keshaviah, A., Brown, C., Wood, E., Granick, L., Kimball, A.B., Geographic distribution of clinical trials may lead to inequities in access (2014) Clin Investig, 4, pp. 373-380; Uren, S.C., Kirkman, M.B., Dalton, B.S., Zalcberg, J.R., Reducing clinical trial monitoring resource allocation and costs through remote access to electronic medical records (2013) J Oncol Pract, 9, pp. e13-e16; Nouri, S., Khoong, E.C., Lyles, C.R., Karliner, L., Addressing equity in telemedicine for chronic disease management during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020) NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery, p. 1; Duley, L., Antman, K., Arena, J., Avezum, A., Blumenthal, M., Bosch, J., Specific barriers to the conduct of randomized trials (2008) Clin Trials, 5, pp. 40-48; Borno, H.T., Small, E.J., Does the COVID-19 outbreak identify a broader need for an urgent transformation of cancer clinical trials research? (2020) Contemp Clin Trials, 92, p. 105997; King, T.E., Racial disparities in clinical trials (2002) Mass Medical Soc, 346, pp. 1400-1402 PY - 2020 SN - 02709139 (ISSN) SP - 1819-1837 ST - Clinical Research in Hepatology in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Era: Challenges and the Need for Innovation T2 - Hepatology TI - Clinical Research in Hepatology in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Era: Challenges and the Need for Innovation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090971575&doi=10.1002%2fhep.31491&partnerID=40&md5=42fe709b09a306ea496bc1930eb598e1 VL - 72 ID - 307 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Clinical indications for medicinal cannabis include chronic conditions; thus users (MCUs) are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). The study aimed to provide data on cannabis use and self-reported behavioral changes among MCUs with preexisting chronic conditions in response to the pandemic. Methods: An internet-based questionnaire was administered to adults ≥18 who self-reported medicinal cannabis use within the past year. Data are from respondents between March 21 and April 23, 2020; response rate was 83.3%. Health conditions and cannabis frequency, route, and patterns of use were assessed via the COVID-19 Cannabis Health Questionnaire (Vidot et al. 2020). Results: Participants (N = 1202) were predominantly non-Hispanic white (82.5%) and 52.0% male (mean age 47.2 years). Mental health (76.7%), pain (43.7%), cardiometabolic (32.9%), respiratory (16.8%), and autoimmune (12.2%) conditions were most reported. Those with mental health conditions reported increased medicinal cannabis use by 91% since COVID-19 was declared a pandemic compared to those with no mental health conditions (adjusted odds ratio: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.38–2.65). 6.8% reported suspected COVID-19 symptoms. Two percent (2.1%) have been tested for COVID-19 with only 1 positive test result. Some MCUs (16%) changed their route of cannabis administration, switching to nonsmoking forms. Conclusions: The majority of MCUs reported at least one preexisting chronic health condition. Over half report fear of COVID-19 diagnosis and giving the virus to someone else; yet only some switched from smoking to nonsmoking forms of cannabis. Clinicians may consider asking about cannabis use among their patients, particularly those with chronic health conditions. © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. AD - School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States Lineberger Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, NY, United States UTHealth, School of Public Health, Austin CampusTX, United States Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States University of Texas Health, Science Center School of Public Health, Dallas Campus, Dallas, TX, United States Center for Pediatric Population Health, UT Health School of Public Health and Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States AU - Vidot, D. C. AU - Islam, J. Y. AU - Camacho-Rivera, M. AU - Harrell, M. B. AU - Rao, D. R. AU - Chavez, J. V. AU - Ochoa, L. G. AU - Hlaing, W. M. AU - Weiner, M. AU - Messiah, S. E. C2 - 32933383 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/10550887.2020.1811455 IS - 1 J2 - J. Addict. Dis. KW - cannabis chronic disease Covid-19 marijuana mental health prevention SARS vape medical cannabis acquired immune deficiency syndrome adult anxiety Article asthma autoimmune disease behavior change cannabis use chronic pain controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cross-sectional study depression diabetes mellitus female heart disease human Human immunodeficiency virus infection hypertension Internet lupus vulgaris major clinical study male malignant neoplasm middle aged nonhuman obesity pandemic pipe smoking prevalence questionnaire respiratory tract disease self report Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 United States vaping case control study drug use mental disease psychology self medication Case-Control Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Drug Users Humans Medical Marijuana Mental Disorders Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JADDE Correspondence Address: Vidot, D.C.; School of Nursing and Health Studies, United States; email: DVidot@miami.edu Chemicals/CAS: Medical Marijuana Funding text 1: We would like to first extend our gratitude to all volunteer respondents and to the student volunteers in the Vidot Cannabis Health and Fitness Research Laboratory. Author contributions are as follows: Vidot, Islam, Camacho-Rivera, and Messiah had full access to the anonymous data and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Concept and design: Vidot, Islam, Camacho-Rivera, Harrell, Rao, Chavez, Ochoa, Hlaing, Weiner, and Messiah. Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: Vidot, Islam, Camacho-Rivera, Harrell, Rao, Chavez, Ochoa, Hlaing, Weiner, and Messiah. Drafting of the manuscript: Vidot, Islam, Camacho-Rivera, Chavez, Ochoa, and Messiah. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: Vidot, Islam, Camacho-Rivera, Harrell, Rao, Hlaing, Weiner, and Messiah. Statistical analysis: Islam, Ochoa, and Chavez (GIS only). References: (2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen, Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19). World Health Organization;, [accessed 2020 Apr 4]; (2020), https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-on-smoking-and-covid-19, Q&A on smoking and COVID-19. World Health Organization;, [accessed 2020 Apr 5]; Sohrabi, C., Alsafi, Z., O'Neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, R., World Health Organization declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) Int J Surg, 76, pp. 71-76; Brook, J.S., Lee, J.Y., Finch, S.J., Koppel, J., Brook, D.W., Psychosocial factors related to cannabis use disorders (2011) Subst Abus, 32 (4), pp. 242-251; Wills, T.A., Sandy, J.M., Yaeger, A.M., Cleary, S.D., Shinar, O., Coping dimensions, life stress, and adolescent substance use: a latent growth analysis (2001) J Abnorm Psychol, 110 (2), pp. 309-323; Bahorik, A.L., Leibowitz, A., Sterling, S.A., Travis, A., Weisner, C., Satre, D.D., Patterns of marijuana use among psychiatry patients with depression and its impact on recovery (2017) J Affect Disord, 213 (C), pp. 168-171; Glodosky, N.C., Cuttler, C., Motives matter: Cannabis use motives moderate the associations between stress and negative affect (2020) Addict Behav, 102; Lai, H.M., Cleary, M., Sitharthan, T., Hunt, G.E., Prevalence of comorbid substance use, anxiety and mood disorders in epidemiological surveys, 1990-2014: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) Drug Alcohol Depend, 154, pp. 1-13; Temple, E.C., Driver, M., Brown, R.F., Cannabis use and anxiety: Is stress the missing piece of the puzzle? (2014) Front Psychiatry, 5, p. 168; Khoury, L., Tang, Y.L., Bradley, B., Cubells, J.F., Ressler, K.J., Substance use, childhood traumatic experience, and posttraumatic stress disorder in an urban civilian population (2010) Depress Anxiety, 27 (12), pp. 1077-1086; Vetter, S., Rossegger, A., Rossler, W., Bisson, J.I., Endrass, J., Exposure to the tsunami disaster, PTSD symptoms and increased substance use - an internet based survey of male and female residents of Switzerland (2008) BMC Public Health, 8, p. 92; Kilpatrick, D.G., Ruggiero, K.J., Acierno, R., Saunders, B.E., Resnick, H.S., Best, C.L., Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse/dependence, and comorbidity: results from the National Survey of Adolescents (2003) J Consult Clin Psychol, 71 (4), pp. 692-700; Kilpatrick, D.G., Acierno, R., Saunders, B., Resnick, H.S., Best, C.L., Schnurr, P.P., Risk factors for adolescent substance abuse and dependence: data from a national sample (2000) J Consult Clin Psychol, 68 (1), pp. 19-30; Hyman, S.M., Sinha, R., Stress-related factors in cannabis use and misuse: implications for prevention and treatment (2009) J Subst Abuse Treat, 36 (4), pp. 400-413; Schiff, M., Fang, L., Adolescents' exposure to disasters and substance use (2016) Curr Psychiatry Rep, 18 (6); Maclean, J.C., Popovici, I., French, M.T., Are natural disasters in early childhood associated with mental health and substance use disorders as an adult? (2016) Soc Sci Med, 151, pp. 78-91; Wagner, K.D., Brief, D.J., Vielhauer, M.J., Sussman, S., Keane, T.M., Malow, R., The potential for PTSD, substance use, and HIV risk behavior among adolescents exposed to Hurricane Katrina (2009) Subst Use Misuse, 44 (12), pp. 1749-1767; Rohrbach, L.A., Grana, R., Vernberg, E., Sussman, S., Sun, P., Impact of hurricane Rita on adolescent substance use (2009) Psychiatry, 72 (3), pp. 222-237; Allen, A.M., Jung, A.M., Alexander, A.C., Allen, S.S., Ward, K.D., Al'Absi, M., Cannabis use and stressful life events during the perinatal period: cross-sectional results from pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system (PRAMS) data, 2016 (2020) Addiction, 115 (9), pp. 1707-1716; Harris, P., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., Conde, J., Research electronic data capture (REDCap)-a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support (2009) J Biomed Inform, 42 (2), pp. 377-381; https://elcentro.sonhs.miami.edu/research/measures-library/cchq/index.html, Accessed August 26, 2020; Pfefferbaum, B., North, C.S., Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (6), pp. 510-512; (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/social-distancing.html, [accessed 2020 Apr 29]; Li, W., Yang, Y., Liu, Z.-H., Zhao, Y.-J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, L., Cheung, T., Xiang, Y.-T., Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China (2020) Int J Biol Sci, 16 (10), pp. 1732-1738; Brooks, S.K., Webster, R.K., Smith, L.E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., Rubin, G.J., The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence (2020) Lancet, 395 (10227), pp. 912-920; Power, C.A., van Heerden, P.V., Moxon, D., Martindale, G., Roberts, B., Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for critically ill patients with influenza A (H1N1) 2009: A case series (2011) Crit Care Resusc, 13 (1), pp. 38-43; Hutchison, C., Company tables medical marijuana for swine flu (2009) ABC News, , https://abcnews.go.com/Health/SwineFluNews/company-tables-medical-marijuana-swine-flu/story?id=8214468, accessed 2020 Apr 12; (2009) Patients with asthma: considerations for clinicians regarding 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fspecific-groups%2Fhigh-risk-complications.html, [accessed 2020 Apr 4]; UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091087870&doi=10.1080%2f10550887.2020.1811455&partnerID=40&md5=75f7ac1c907909fb62b7cbda6228f755 PY - 2020 SN - 10550887 (ISSN) SP - 26-36 ST - The COVID-19 cannabis health study: Results from an epidemiologic assessment of adults who use cannabis for medicinal reasons in the United States T2 - Journal of Addictive Diseases TI - The COVID-19 cannabis health study: Results from an epidemiologic assessment of adults who use cannabis for medicinal reasons in the United States VL - 39 ID - 551 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Outcomes for patients with hematologic malignancy infected with COVID-19 have not been aggregated. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the risk of death and other important outcomes for these patients. We searched PubMed and EMBASE up to 20 August 2020 to identify reports of patients with hematologic malignancy and COVID-19. The primary outcome was a pooled mortality estimate, considering all patients and only hospitalized patients. Secondary outcomes included risk of intensive care unit admission and ventilation in hospitalized patients. Subgroup analyses included mortality stratified by age, treatment status, and malignancy subtype. Pooled prevalence, risk ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Thirty-four adult and 5 pediatric studies (3377 patients) from Asia, Europe, and North America were included (14 of 34 adult studies included only hospitalized patients). Risk of death among adult patients was 34% (95% CI, 28-39; N 5 3240) in this sample of predominantly hospitalized patients. Patients aged ‡60 years had a significantly higher risk of death than patients <60 years (RR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.45-2.27; N 5 1169). The risk of death in pediatric patients was 4% (95% CI, 1-9; N 5 102). RR of death comparing patients with recent systemic anticancer therapy to no treatment was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.83-1.64; N 5 736). Adult patients with hematologic malignancy and COVID-19, especially hospitalized patients, have a high risk of dying. Patients ‡60 years have significantly higher mortality; pediatric patients appear to be relatively spared. Recent cancer treatment does not appear to significantly increase the risk of death. © 2020 by The American Society of Hematology. AD - Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Haematology, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy Department of Hematology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain Department of Internal Medicine, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France Centre for Hemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Department of Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium Strategic Research Program on CLL, Università Vita Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy HCT Unit, Hematology Department, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Hematology/Oncology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada AU - Vijenthira, A. AU - Gong, I. Y. AU - Fox, T. A. AU - Booth, S. AU - Cook, G. AU - Fattizzo, B. AU - Martín-Moro, F. AU - Razanamahery, J. AU - Riches, J. C. AU - Zwicker, J. AU - Patell, R. AU - Vekemans, M. C. AU - Scarfò, L. AU - Chatzikonstantinou, T. AU - Yildiz, H. AU - Lattenist, R. AU - Mantzaris, I. AU - Wood, W. A. AU - Hicks, L. K. C2 - 33113551 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1182/blood.2020008824 IS - 25 J2 - Blood KW - antianemic agent antineoplastic agent hydroxyurea immunomodulating agent acute leukemia acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute myeloid leukemia adult age aged artificial ventilation Asia cancer patient cancer therapy child chronic lymphatic leukemia clinical outcome coronavirus disease 2019 dying Europe female hematologic malignancy high risk patient hospital admission hospital patient hospitalization human intensive care unit male meta analysis middle aged mortality risk multicenter study (topic) myeloma noninvasive ventilation North America North American prevalence priority journal Review systematic review systemic therapy bone marrow depression cancer chemotherapy death follow up mortality outcome assessment pediatric patient plasma cell dyscrasia real time polymerase chain reaction complication hematologic disease isolation and purification prognosis survival rate virology COVID-19 Hematologic Neoplasms Humans Intensive Care Units SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :11 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: BLOOA Correspondence Address: Hicks, L.K.; St. Michael’s Hospital, 30 Bond St, Canada; email: lisak.hicks@unityhealth Chemicals/CAS: hydroxyurea, 127-07-1 Funding details: Janssen Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Sanofi Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: Celgene Funding details: Amgen Funding details: Genentech Funding details: Gilead Sciences Funding details: Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, TPC Funding details: Roche Funding text 1: Conflict-of-interest disclosure: G.C. has received research funding from Takeda, Celgene, Janssen, and IQVIA, and has provided consultancy for Takeda, Celgene, Janssen, Sanofi, Amgen, Roche, and Karyopharm. B.F. has received consultation fees from Momenta Pharmaceuticals and Apellis SRL on autoimmune hemolytic anemia. J.Z. has received research funding from Incyte and Quercegen; has provided consultancy for Sanofi, CSL, and Parexel; and has received honoraria or served on advisory boards for Pfizer/Bristol Myers Squibb, Portola, and Dova. L.S. has received honoraria from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Gilead, and Janssen. W.A.W. has received research funding from Pfizer and Genentech, is a consultant for Best Doctors/Teladoc, is an advisor for and holds equity in Koneksa Health and Elektra Labs, and has received honoraria from the ASH Research Collaborative. L.K.H. is co–principal investigator on a study partially funded by Gilead Sciences. The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests. References: Brissot, E, Labopin, M, Baron, F, Management of patients with acute leukemia during the COVID-19 outbreak: practical guidelines from the acute leukemia working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation [published online ahead of print 11 June 2020] Bone Marrow Transplant; Yahalom, J, Dabaja, BS, Ricardi, U, ILROG emergency guidelines for radiation therapy of hematological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Blood, 135 (21), pp. 1829-1832; Ljungman, P, Mikulska, M, de la Camara, R, The challenge of COVID-19 and hematopoietic cell transplantation; EBMT recommendations for management of hematopoietic cell transplant recipients, their donors, and patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy [published correction appears in Bone Marrow Transplant (2020) Bone Marrow Transplant, 55 (11), pp. 2071-2076. , published online ahead of print 8 June 2020]; Cancer patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic, , https://www.esmo.org/guidelines/cancer-patient-managementduring-the-covid-19-pandemic, ESMO. Accessed 1 September 2020; Giannakoulis, VG, Papoutsi, E, Siempos, II., Effect of cancer on clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of patient data (2020) JCO Glob Oncol, 6, pp. 799-808; Desai, A, Sachdeva, S, Parekh, T, Desai, R., Covid-19 and cancer: lessons from a pooled meta-analysis (2020) JCO Glob Oncol, 6, pp. 557-559; ElGohary, GM, Hashmi, S, Styczynski, J, The risk and prognosis of COVID-19 infection in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print 30 July 2020] Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther; Salunke, AA, Nandy, K, Pathak, SK, Impact of COVID -19 in cancer patients on severity of disease and fatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Diabetes Metab Syndr, 14 (5), pp. 1431-1437; Afshar, ZM, Dayani, M, Naderi, M, Ghanbarveisi, F, Shiri, S, Rajati, F., Fatality rate of COVID-19 in patients with malignancies: a sytematic review and meta-analysis (2020) J Infect, 81 (2), pp. e114-e116; Patel, R, Park, J, Shah, A, Saif, MW., COVID-19 and cancer patients (2020) Cancer Med J, 3 (1), pp. 40-48; Reda, G, Noto, A, Cassin, R, Reply to “CLL and COVID-19 at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona: an interim report” Analysis of six hematological centers in Lombardy: on behalf of CLL commission of Lombardy Hematology Network (REL) (2020) Leukemia, 34 (9), pp. 2531-2532. , Rete Ematologica Lombarda (REL) Clinical Network; Thibaud, S, Tremblay, D, Bhalla, S, Zimmerman, B, Sigel, K, Gabrilove, J., Protective role of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and COVID-19 (2020) Br J Haematol, 190 (2), pp. e73-e76; Treon, SP, Castillo, JJ, Skarbnik, AP, The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib may protect against pulmonary injury in COVID-19-infected patients (2020) Blood, 135 (21), pp. 1912-1915; Munn, Z, Moola, S, Lisy, K, Riitano, D, Tufanaru, C., Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and cumulative incidence data (2015) Int J Evid-Based Healthc, 13 (3), pp. 147-153; Naing, LWT, Rusli, BN., Practical issues in calculating the sample size for prevalence studies (2006) Arch Orofac Sci, 1, pp. 9-14; Ho, P, Bulsara, M, Downs, J, Patman, S, Bulsara, C, Hill, AM., Incidence and prevalence of falls in adults with intellectual disability living in the community: a systematic review (2019) JBI Database Syst Rev Implement Reports, 17 (3), pp. 390-413; Higgins, JPT, Thomas, J, Chandler, J, Cumpston, M, Li, T, Page, M, Welch, V, (2019) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, , (eds). 2nd ed. Chichester, United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons; Barendregt, JJ, Doi, SA, Lee, YY, Norman, RE, Vos, T., Meta-analysis of prevalence (2013) J Epidemiol Community Health, 67 (11), pp. 974-978; Furuya-Kanamori, L, Barendregt, JJ, Doi, SAR., A new improved graphical and quantitative method for detecting bias in meta-analysis (2018) Int J Evid-Based Healthc, 16 (4), pp. 195-203; Aries, JA, Davies, JK, Auer, RL, Clinical outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in haemato-oncology patients (2020) Br J Haematol, 190 (2), pp. e64-e67; Biernat, MM, Zinczuk ´, A, Biernat, P, Nosocomial outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a haematological unit - high mortality rate in infected patients with haematologic malignancies (2020) J Clin Virol, 130, p. 104574; Booth, S, Willan, J, Wong, H, Regional outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in hospitalised patients with haematological malignancy (2020) Eur J Haematol, 105 (4), pp. 476-483; Cook, G, John Ashcroft, A, Pratt, G, Real-world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19 disease) in patients with multiple myeloma receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy (2020) Br J Haematol, 190 (2), pp. e83-e86. , United Kingdom Myeloma Forum; Dufour, I, Raedemaeker, J, Andreozzi, F, COVID-19, impact on myeloma patients (2020) Ann Hematol, 99 (8), pp. 1947-1949; Engelhardt, M, Shoumariyeh, K, Rösner, A, Clinical characteristics and outcome of multiple myeloma patients with concomitant COVID-19 at Comprehensive Cancer Centers in Germany Haematologica, , [published online ahead of print 30 July 2020]; Fattizzo, B, Giannotta, JA, Sciumè, M, Reply to “COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers”: a focus on myeloid neoplasms and risk factors for mortality (2020) Leukemia, 34 (7), pp. 1957-1960; Ferrara, F, Zappasodi, P, Roncoroni, E, Borlenghi, E, Rossi, G., Impact of Covid-19 on the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (2020) Leukemia, 34 (8), pp. 2254-2256; Fox, TA, Troy-Barnes, E, Kirkwood, AA, Clinical outcomes and risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection in patients with haematological disorders receiving chemo- or immunotherapy (2020) Br J Haematol, 191 (2), pp. 194-206; He, W, Chen, L, Chen, L, COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers (2020) Leukemia, 34 (6), pp. 1637-1645; Hultcrantz, M, Richter, J, Rosenbaum, CA, COVID-19 infections and clinical outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma in New York City: a cohort study from five academic centers Blood Cancer Discov, , [published online ahead of print 16 October 2020]; Infante, MS, González-Gascón, Y, Marín, I, Muñoz-Novas, C, COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies: a retrospective case series [published online ahead of print 4 August 2020] Int J Lab Hematol; Kuderer, NM, Choueiri, TK, Shah, DP, Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10241), pp. 1907-1918; Lattenist, R, Yildiz, H, De Greef, J, Bailly, S, Yombi, JC., COVID-19 in adult patients with hematological disease: analysis of clinical characteristics and outcomes [published online ahead of print 7 July 2020] Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus; Lee, LYW, Angelis, V, Starkey, T, COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 55 (10241), pp. 1919-1926; Malard, F, Genthon, A, Brissot, E, COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematologic disease (2020) Bone Marrow Transplant, 55 (11), pp. 2180-2184; Martín-Moro, F, Marquet, J, Piris, M, Survival study of hospitalised patients with concurrent COVID-19 and haematological malignancies (2020) Br J Haematol, 190 (1), pp. e16-e20; Mato, AR, Roeker, LE, Lamanna, N, Outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with CLL: a multicenter international experience (2020) Blood, 136 (10), pp. 1134-1143; Mehta, V, Goel, S, Kabarriti, R, Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York hospital system (2020) Cancer Discov, 10 (7), pp. 935-941; Mei, H, Dong, X, Wang, Y, Tang, L, Hu, Y., Managing patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: frontline experience from Wuhan (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21 (5), pp. 634-636; Passamonti, F, Cattaneo, C, Arcaini, L, Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study (2020) Lancet Haematol, 7 (10), pp. e737-e745. , ITA-HEMA-COV Investigators; Patell, R, Bogue, T, Bindal, P, Incidence of thrombosis and hemorrhage in hospitalized cancer patients with COVID-19 [published online ahead of print 21 July 2020] J Thromb Haemost; Razanamahery, J, Soumagne, T, Humbert, S, Does type of immunosupression influence the course of Covid-19 infection? (2020) J Infect, 81 (2), pp. e132-e135; Rugge, M, Zorzi, M, Guzzinati, S., SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Italian Veneto region: adverse outcomes in patients with cancer (2020) Nat Cancer, 7 (10), pp. e737-e745; Russell, B, Moss, C, Papa, S, Factors affecting COVID-19 outcomes in cancer patients: a first report from Guy’s Cancer Center in London (2020) Frontiers Oncol, 10, p. 1279; Sanchez-Pina, JM, Rodríguez Rodriguez, M, Castro Quismondo, N, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality from COVID-19 in patients with haematological malignancies (2020) Eur J Haematol, 105 (5), pp. 597-607; Scarfò, L, Chatzikonstantinou, T, Rigolin, GM, COVID-19 severity and mortality in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a joint study by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, and CLL Campus (2020) Leukemia, 34 (9), pp. 2354-2363; Shah, V, Ko Ko, T, Zuckerman, M, Poor outcome and prolonged persistence of SARSCoV-2 RNA in COVID-19 patients with haematological malignancies; King’s College Hospital experience (2020) Br J Haematol, 190 (5), pp. e279-e282; Tian, J, Yuan, X, Xiao, J, Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer in Wuhan, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21 (7), pp. 893-903; Varma, A, Kosuri, S, Ustun, C, COVID-19 infection in hematopoietic cell transplantation: age, time from transplant and steroids matter (2020) Leukemia, 34 (10), pp. 2809-2812; Wang, B, Van Oekelen, O, Mouhieddine, TH, A tertiary center experience of multiple myeloma patients with COVID-19: lessons learned and the path forward (2020) J Hematol Oncol, 13 (1), p. 94; Yang, K, Sheng, Y, Huang, C, Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21 (7), pp. 904-913; Yigenoglu, TN, Basci, S, Dal, MS, Korkmaz, S, Turgut, B, Altuntas, F., The outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancy [published online ahead of print 16 October 2020] J Med Virol; COVID-19 Registry Data Summaries, , https://www.ashresearchcollaborative.org/s/covid-19-registry-data-summaries, American Society of Hematology (ASH) Research Collaborative. Accessed 25 July 2020; Bisogno, G, Provenzi, M, Zama, D, Clinical characteristics and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Italian pediatric oncology patients: a study from the Infectious Diseases Working Group of the AIEOP [published online ahead of print 11 July 2020] J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc; de Rojas, T, Pérez-Martínez, A, Cela, E, COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents with cancer in Madrid (2020) Pediatr Blood Cancer, 67 (7), p. e28397; Faura, A, Rives, S, Lassaletta, Á, Initial report on Spanish pediatric oncologic, hematologic, and post stem cell transplantation patients during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (2020) Pediatr Blood Cancer, 67 (9), p. e28557; Ferrari, A, Zecca, M, Rizzari, C, Children with cancer in the time of COVID-19: an 8-week report from the six pediatric oncohematology centers in Lombardia, Italy (2020) Pediatr Blood Cancer, 67 (8), p. e28410; Wu, X, Liu, L, Jiao, J, Yang, L, Zhu, B, Li, X., Characterisation of clinical, laboratory and imaging factors related to mild vs. severe covid-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Ann Med, 52 (7), pp. 334-344; Romero Starke, K, Petereit-Haack, G, Schubert, M, The age-related risk of severe outcomes due to COVID-19 Infection: a rapid review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression (2020) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (16), p. E5974; Williams, PCM, Howard-Jones, AR, Hsu, P, SARS-CoV-2 in children: spectrum of disease, transmission and immunopathological underpinnings Pathology, , [published online ahead of print 19 August 2020]; Karagiannidis, C, Mostert, C, Hentschker, C, Case characteristics, resource use, and outcomes of 10 021 patients with COVID-19 admitted to 920 German hospitals: an observational study (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8 (9), pp. 853-862; Richardson, S, Hirsch, JS, Narasimhan, M, Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York city area (2020) JAMA, 323 (20), pp. 2052-2059. , the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium; Jee, J, Foote, MB, Lumish, M, Chemotherapy and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer (2020) J Clin Oncol, 38 (30), pp. 3538-3546; Rizk, JG, Kalantar-Zadeh, K, Mehra, MR, Lavie, CJ, Rizk, Y, Forthal, DN., Pharmacoimmunomodulatory therapy in COVID-19 (2020) Drugs, 80 (13), pp. 1267-1292; Renelus, BD, Khoury, NC, Chandrasekaran, K, Racial disparities in COVID-19 hospitalization and in-hospital mortality at the height of the New York city pandemic [published online ahead of print 18 September 2020] J Racial Ethn Health Disparities; Cheng, KJG, Sun, Y, Monnat, SM., COVID-19 death rates are higher in rural counties with larger shares of Blacks and Hispanics (2020) J Rural Health, 36 (4), pp. 602-608; Chu, DK, Akl, EA, Duda, S, Solo, K, Yaacoub, S, Schünemann, HJ, Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Lancet, 395 (10242), pp. 1973-1987. , COVID-19 Systematic Urgent Review Group Effort (SURGE) study authors; Montoya, J, Ugaz, C, Alarcon, S, COVID-19 in pediatric cancer patients in a resource-limited setting: national data from Peru [published online ahead of print 22 July 2020] Pediatr Blood Cancer; Pinato, DJ, Lee, AJX, Biello, F, Presenting features and early mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe (2020) Cancers (Basel), 12 (7), p. 1841; Pinato, DJ, Zambelli, A, Aguilar-Company, J, Clinical portrait of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in European cancer patients Cancer Discov, , [published online ahead of print 11 June 2020]; Robilotti, EV, Babady, NE, Mead, PA, Determinants of COVID-19 disease severity in patients with cancer (2020) Nat Med, 26 (8), pp. 1218-1223; van Doesum, J, Chinea, A, Pagliaro, M, Clinical characteristics and outcome of SARSCoV-2-infected patients with haematological diseases: a retrospective case study in four hospitals in Italy, Spain and the Netherlands (2020) Leukemia, 34 (9), pp. 2536-2538; Cuneo, A, Scarfò, L, Reda, G, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia management in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic: a campus CLL report (2020) Blood, 136 (6), pp. 763-766 PY - 2020 SN - 00064971 (ISSN) SP - 2881-2892 ST - Outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3377 patients T2 - Blood TI - Outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 3377 patients UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097992108&doi=10.1182%2fblood.2020008824&partnerID=40&md5=e48a335b23610ad5be2f05f23cc864e9 VL - 136 ID - 240 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States Section of Oral Medicine, Division of Diagnostic Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Villa, A. AU - Sankar, V. AU - Shazib, M. A. AU - Ramos, D. AU - Veluppillai, P. AU - Wu, A. AU - Shiboski, C. C2 - 33043546 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/odi.13678 J2 - Oral Dis. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ORDIF Correspondence Address: Villa, A.; Department of Orofacial Sciences, United States; email: alessandro.villa@ucsf.edu References: (2020) COVID-19 state mandates and recommendations, , https://success.ada.org/en/practice-management/patients/covid-19-state-mandates-and-recommendations, ADA Center for Professional Success, Retrieved from; Bahl, P., Doolan, C., de Silva, C., Chughtai, A.A., Bourouiba, L., MacIntyre, C.R., Airborne or droplet precautions for health workers treating COVID-19? (2020) Journal of Infectious Diseases, , https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa189; Bashshur, R.L., Armstrong, P.A., Telemedicine: A new mode for the delivery of health care (1976) Inquiry, 13 (3), pp. 233-244; Conrath, D.W., Dunn, E.V., Bloor, W.G., Tranquada, B., A clinical evaluation of four alternative telemedicine systems (1977) Behavioral Science, 22 (1), pp. 12-21. , https://doi.org/10.1002/bs.3830220103; Eklund, S.A., Bailit, H.L., Estimating the number of dentists needed in 2040 (2017) Journal of Dental Education, 81 (8), pp. eS146-eS152. , https://doi.org/10.21815/JDE.017.021; Glaser, M., Winchell, T., Plant, P., Wilbright, W., Kaiser, M., Butler, M.K., Magnus, M., Provider satisfaction and patient outcomes associated with a statewide prison telemedicine program in Louisiana (2010) Telemedicine and E-Health, 16 (4), pp. 472-479. , https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2009.0169; Hollander, J.E., Sites, F.D., The transition from reimagining to recreating health care is now (2020) NEJM Catalyst, , https://doi.org/10.1056/CAT.20.0093, April 8; Muller, C., Marshall, C.L., Krasner, M., Cunningham, N., Wallerstein, E., Thomstad, B., Cost factors in urban telemedicine (1977) Medical Care, 15 (3), pp. 251-259. , https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-197703000-00006; Munson, B., Vujicic, M., Supply of full-time equivalent dentists in the U.S. expected to increase steadily (2018) Research Brief, , http://www.ada.org/~/media/ADA/Science%20and%20Research/HPI/Files/HPIBrief_0718_1.pdf, Retrieved from; Tay, M.Z., Poh, C.M., Renia, L., MacAry, P.A., Ng, L.F.P., The trinity of COVID-19: Immunity, inflammation and intervention (2020) Nature Reviews Immunology, 20 (6), pp. 363-374. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8; (2020) The workers who face the greatest coronavirus risk, , https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/03/15/business/economy/coronavirus-worker-risk.html, The New York Times (New York) 2020 March 15., Accessed June 2020; Villa, A., Sankar, V., Shiboski, C., Tele(oral)medicine: A new approach during the COVID-19 crisis (2020) Oral Diseases, , https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.13364; Xu, R., Cui, B., Duan, X., Zhang, P., Zhou, X., Yuan, Q., Saliva: Potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV (2020) International Journal of Oral Science, 12 (1), p. 11. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-020-0080-z PY - 2020 SN - 1354523X (ISSN) ST - Patient and providers' satisfaction with tele(oral)medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Oral Diseases TI - Patient and providers' satisfaction with tele(oral)medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094110822&doi=10.1111%2fodi.13678&partnerID=40&md5=643f902a62c526ea45c9ebaa436a2dd3 ID - 546 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Vora, N. L. AU - Hardisty, E. AU - Coviello, E. AU - Stuebe, A. C2 - 32314399 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/pd.5716 IS - 8 J2 - Prenat. Diagn. KW - aneuploidy coronavirus disease 2019 feasibility study female genetic counseling genetic screening human Letter pandemic patient satisfaction pregnant woman prenatal diagnosis priority journal telehealth videoconferencing LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PRDID Correspondence Address: Vora, N.L.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, United States; email: neeta_vora@med.unc.edu Funding details: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, K23HD088742 Funding text 1: NICHD, Grant/Award Number: K23HD088742 References: Sangha, K.K., Dircks, A., Langlois, S., Assessment of the effectiveness of genetic counseling by telephone compared to a clinic visit (2003) J Genet Couns, 12 (2), pp. 171-184; Carlson, L.M., Harris, S., Hardisty, E.E., Use of a novel computerized decision aid for aneuploidy screening: a randomized controlled trial (2019) Genetics Med: Off J Am College Med Genetics, 21 (4), pp. 923-929; Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics ACOG, the Society for Maternal-Fetal M. Practice Bulletin No. 163: screening for fetal aneuploidy (2016) Obstet Gynecol, 127 (5), pp. e123-e137; Abrams, D.J., Geier, M.R., A comparison of patient satisfaction with telehealth and on-site consultations: a pilot study for prenatal genetic counseling (2006) J Genet Couns, 15 (3), pp. 199-205 PY - 2020 SN - 01973851 (ISSN) SP - 1040-1041 ST - Telehealth to provide prenatal genetics services: Feasibility and importance revealed during global pandemic T2 - Prenatal Diagnosis TI - Telehealth to provide prenatal genetics services: Feasibility and importance revealed during global pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085110252&doi=10.1002%2fpd.5716&partnerID=40&md5=1de8fb4ff3c8a71550d206379351f9da VL - 40 ID - 469 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Context: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated rapid changes in medical practice. Many of these changes may add value to care, creating opportunities going forward. Objective: To provide an evidence-informed, expert-derived review of genitourinary cancer care moving forward following the initial COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence acquisition: A collaborative narrative review was conducted using literature published through May 2020 (PubMed), which comprised three main topics: reduced in-person interactions arguing for increasing virtual and image-based care, optimisation of the delivery of care, and the effect of COVID-19 in health care facilities on decision-making by patients and their families. Evidence synthesis: Patterns of care will evolve following the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine, virtual care, and telemonitoring will increase and could offer broader access to multidisciplinary expertise without increasing costs. Comprehensive and integrative telehealth solutions will be necessary, and should consider patients’ mental health and access differences due to socioeconomic status. Investigations and treatments will need to maximise efficiency and minimise health care interactions. Solutions such as one stop clinics, day case surgery, hypofractionated radiotherapy, and oral or less frequent drug dosing will be preferred. The pandemic necessitated a triage of those patients whose treatment should be expedited, delayed, or avoided, and may persist with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in circulation. Patients whose demographic characteristics are at the highest risk of complications from COVID-19 may re-evaluate the benefit of intervention for less aggressive cancers. Clinical research will need to accommodate virtual care and trial participation. Research dissemination and medical education will increasingly utilise virtual platforms, limiting in-person professional engagement; ensure data dissemination; and aim to enhance patient engagement. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic will have lasting effects on the delivery of health care. These changes offer opportunities to improve access, delivery, and the value of care for patients with genitourinary cancers but raise concerns that physicians and health administrators must consider in order to ensure equitable access to care. Patient summary: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed the care provided to many patients with genitourinary cancers. This has necessitated a transition to telemedicine, changes in threshold or delays in many treatments, and an opportunity to reimagine patient care to maintain safety and improve value moving forward. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed the care provided to many patients with genitourinary cancers. This has necessitated a transition to telemedicine, changes in threshold, or delays in many treatments, and an opportunity to reimagine patient care to maintain safety and improve value moving forward. © 2020 European Association of Urology AD - Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom Division of Urology, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Urology and Population Health, NYU Langone Health and Manhattan Veterans Affairs, New York, NY, United States Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Department of Medical Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Urology, University Hospital Nord, St Etienne, France Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom Department of Urology, Guy's and St Thomas Hospitals, London, United Kingdom Department of Urology and Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Barts Cancer Center, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Augusta University—Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States AU - Wallis, C. J. D. AU - Catto, J. W. F. AU - Finelli, A. AU - Glaser, A. W. AU - Gore, J. L. AU - Loeb, S. AU - Morgan, T. M. AU - Morgans, A. K. AU - Mottet, N. AU - Neal, R. AU - O'Brien, T. AU - Odisho, A. Y. AU - Powles, T. AU - Skolarus, T. A. AU - Smith, A. B. AU - Szabados, B. AU - Klaassen, Z. AU - Spratt, D. E. C2 - 32893062 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.08.030 IS - 5 J2 - Eur. Urol. KW - Biomedical research Health services accessibility Mental health Pandemic Telemedicine ambulatory surgery cancer therapy clinical research coronavirus disease 2019 follow up health care access health care delivery health care quality human hypofractionated radiotherapy medical practice medical research multidisciplinary team priority journal Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 social distancing telehealth telemonitoring urogenital tract cancer clinical practice communicable disease control Coronavirus infection ethics organization organization and management procedures psychology urogenital tract tumor virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Delivery of Health Care Humans Organizational Innovation Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Practice Patterns, Physicians' Urogenital Neoplasms LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: EUURA Correspondence Address: Wallis, C.J.D.; Department of Urologic Surgery, United States; email: wallis.cjd@gmail.com Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI, R01CA242559, R37CA222885 Funding details: Prostate Cancer Foundation, PCF Funding details: Astellas Pharma US Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding details: Genentech Funding details: Sanofi Funding details: National Institute on Handicapped Research, NIHR Funding details: Janssen Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Blavatnik Family Foundation, BFF Funding details: Bayer Fund, BF Funding text 1: Financial disclosures: Christopher J.D. Wallis certifies that all conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests and relationships and affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript (eg, employment/affiliation, grants or funding, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, royalties, or patents filed, received, or pending), are the following: Stacy Loeb reports reimbursed travel to the PCF meeting from Sanofi and equity in Gilead. Anobel Y. Odisho reports a prior consulting relationship with VSee Labs, Inc. Daniel E. Spratt reports funding from Janssen, and personal fees from Janssen, AstraZeneca and BlueEarth. James W.F. Catto has received reimbursement for consultancy from Astra Zeneca, Roche, and Janssen; speaker fees from BMS, MSD, Nucleix, and Roche; and honoraria for membership of an advisory board from Ferring. Nicolas Mottet has received speaker fees from Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Jansen, BMS, IPSEN, Ferring, Sanofi, Steba, and Takeda, and honoraria for membership of an advisory board from Jansen, Astellas, Bayer, Arquer Diagnostics, and GE. Alicia K. Morgans has received honoraria for consultancy from Janssen, Genentech, Sanofi, Astellas, AstraZeneca, and Bayer, and received research funding from Bayer, Seattle Genetics, and Genentech. Funding text 2: Funding/Support and role of the sponsor: Stacy Loeb is supported by the Blank Family Foundation and Prostate Cancer Foundation . Ted A. Skolarus is supported by US National Cancer Institute R37CA222885 and R01CA242559 . James W.F. Catto is funded by an NIHR Research Professorship. Funding text 3: Funding/Support and role of the sponsor: Stacy Loeb is supported by the Blank Family Foundation and Prostate Cancer Foundation. Ted A. Skolarus is supported by US National Cancer Institute R37CA222885 and R01CA242559. James W.F. Catto is funded by an NIHR Research Professorship. References: Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1708-1720; Liang, W., Guan, W., Chen, R., Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, pp. 335-337; Mehta, V., Goel, S., Kabarriti, R., Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York hospital system (2020) Cancer Discov, 10, pp. 935-941; Dai, M., Liu, D., Liu, M., Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-COV-2: a multi-center study during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Cancer Discov, 10, pp. 783-791; Gillessen, S., Powles, T., Advice regarding systemic therapy in patients with urological cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Eur Urol, 77, pp. 667-668; Szabados, B., Abu-Ghanem, Y., Grant, M., Choy, J., Bex, A., Powles, T., Clinical characteristics and outcome for four SARS-CoV-2-infected cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2020) Eur Urol, 78, pp. 276-280; CDC COVID-19 Response Team, Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)—United States, February 12–March 16, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 343-346; Grasselli, G., Zangrillo, A., Zanella, A., Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1574-1581; Myers, L.C., Parodi, S.M., Escobar, G.J., Liu, V.X., Characteristics of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 in an integrated health care system in California (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2195-2198; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2052-2059; Boehm, K., Ziewers, S., Brandt, M.P., Telemedicine online visits in urology during the COVID-19 pandemic—potential, risk factors, and patients’ perspective (2020) Eur Urol, 78, pp. 16-20; Socarras, M.R., Loeb, S., Teoh, J.Y., Telemedicine and smart-working: Recommendations of the European Association of Urology. Eur Urol. In press; Novara, G., Checcucci, E., Crestani, A., Telehealth in urology: a systematic review of the literature. How much can telemedicine be useful during and after the COVID-19 pandemic? Eur Urol. In press; Castaneda, P., Ellimoottil, C., Current use of telehealth in urology: a review. World J Urol. In press; Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare telemedicine health care provider fact sheet (2020), https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/medicare-telemedicine-health-care-provider-fact-sheet; Schaffert, R., Dahinden, U., Hess, T., Evaluation of a prostate cancer Ehealth tutorial: development and testing of the website prostata-information.ch (2018) Urologe A, 57, pp. 164-171; Berry, D.L., Hong, F., Blonquist, T.M., Decision support with the personal patient profile-prostate: a multicenter randomized trial (2018) J Urol, 199, pp. 89-97; Parsons, J.K., Zahrieh, D., Mohler, J.L., Effect of a behavioral intervention to increase vegetable consumption on cancer progression among men with early-stage prostate cancer: the MEAL randomized clinical trial (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 140-148; Skolarus, T.A., Metreger, T., Wittmann, D., Self-management in long-term prostate cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled trial (2019) J Clin Oncol, 37, pp. 1326-1335; Viers, B.R., Lightner, D.J., Rivera, M.E., Efficiency, satisfaction, and costs for remote video visits following radical prostatectomy: a randomized controlled trial (2015) Eur Urol, 68, pp. 729-735; Leahy, M., Krishnasamy, M., Herschtal, A., Satisfaction with nurse-led telephone follow up for low to intermediate risk prostate cancer patients treated with radical radiotherapy. A comparative study (2013) Eur J Oncol Nurs, 17, pp. 162-169; Belarmino, A., Walsh, R., Alshak, M., Patel, N., Wu, R., Hu, J.C., Feasibility of a mobile health application to monitor recovery and patient-reported outcomes after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (2019) Eur Urol Oncol, 2, pp. 425-428; Lange, L., Fink, J., Bleich, C., Graefen, M., Schulz, H., Effectiveness, acceptance and satisfaction of guided chat groups in psychosocial aftercare for outpatients with prostate cancer after prostatectomy (2017) Internet Interv, 9, pp. 57-64; Trinh, L., Arbour-Nicitopoulos, K.P., Sabiston, C.M., RiseTx: testing the feasibility of a web application for reducing sedentary behavior among prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy (2018) Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 15, p. 49; Lee, B.J., Park, Y.H., Lee, J.Y., Kim, S.J., Jang, Y., Lee, J.I., Smartphone application versus pedometer to promote physical activity in prostate cancer patients (2019) Telemed J E Health, 25, pp. 1231-1236; Philip, J., Dutta Roy, S., Ballal, M., Foster, C.S., Javle, P., Is a digital rectal examination necessary in the diagnosis and clinical staging of early prostate cancer? (2005) BJU Int, 95, pp. 969-971; Naji, L., Randhawa, H., Sohani, Z., Digital rectal examination for prostate cancer screening in primary care: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) Ann Fam Med, 16, pp. 149-154; Klotz, L., Vesprini, D., Sethukavalan, P., Long-term follow-up of a large active surveillance cohort of patients with prostate cancer (2015) J Clin Oncol, 33, pp. 272-277; Koya, M., Osborne, S., Chemasle, C., Porten, S., Schuckman, A., Kennedy-Smith, A., An evaluation of the real world use and clinical utility of the Cxbladder Monitor assay in the follow-up of patients previously treated for bladder cancer (2020) BMC Urol, 20, p. 12; Kontopantelis, E., Roland, M., Reeves, D., Patient experience of access to primary care: identification of predictors in a national patient survey (2010) BMC Fam Pract, 11, p. 61; Kane, L.T., Thakar, O., Jamgochian, G., The role of telehealth as a platform for postoperative visits following rotator cuff repair: a prospective, randomized controlled trial (2020) J Shoulder Elbow Surg, 29, pp. 775-783; Tang, C., Hoffman, K.E., Allen, P.K., Contemporary prostate cancer treatment choices in multidisciplinary clinics referenced to national trends (2020) Cancer, 126, pp. 506-514; Aizer, A.A., Paly, J.J., Zietman, A.L., Multidisciplinary care and pursuit of active surveillance in low-risk prostate cancer (2012) J Clin Oncol, 30, pp. 3071-3076; Gomella, L.G., Lin, J., Hoffman-Censits, J., Enhancing prostate cancer care through the multidisciplinary clinic approach: a 15-year experience (2010) J Oncol Pract, 6, pp. e5-10; Kulkarni, G.S., Hermanns, T., Wei, Y., Propensity score analysis of radical cystectomy versus bladder-sparing trimodal therapy in the setting of a multidisciplinary bladder cancer clinic (2017) J Clin Oncol, 35, pp. 2299-2305; Wallis, C.J.D., Morton, G., Herschorn, S., The effect of selection and referral biases for the treatment of localised prostate cancer with surgery or radiation (2018) Br J Cancer, 118, pp. 1399-1405; Meti, N., Rossos, P.G., Cheung, M.C., Singh, S., Virtual cancer care during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic: we need to get it right. JCO Oncol Pract. In press; Holstead, R.G., Robinson, A.G., Discussing serious news remotely: navigating difficult conversations during a pandemic (2020) JCO Oncol Pract, 16, pp. 363-368; de la Torre-Diez, I., Lopez-Coronado, M., Vaca, C., Aguado, J.S., de Castro, C., Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness studies of telemedicine, electronic, and mobile health systems in the literature: a systematic review (2015) Telemed J E Health, 21, pp. 81-85; Jiang, X., Ming, W.K., You, J.H., The cost-effectiveness of digital health interventions on the management of cardiovascular diseases: systematic review (2019) J Med Internet Res, 21; Shepperd, S., Iliffe, S., Hospital at home versus in-patient hospital care (2001) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3. , CD000356; Qaddoura, A., Yazdan-Ashoori, P., Kabali, C., Efficacy of hospital at home in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) PLoS One, 10; Caplan, G.A., Coconis, J., Woods, J., Effect of hospital in the home treatment on physical and cognitive function: a randomized controlled trial (2005) J Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci, 60, pp. 1035-1038; Raphael, R., Yves, D., Giselle, C., Magali, M., Odile, C.M., Cancer treatment at home or in the hospital: what are the costs for French public health insurance? Findings of a comprehensive-cancer centre (2005) Health Policy, 72, pp. 141-148; Sayyid, R.K., Magee, D., Hird, A.E., Reoperation within 30 days of radical cystectomy: identifying high-risk patients and complications using ACS-NSQIP database. Can Urol Assoc J. In press; Metcalf, M., Glazyrine, V., Glavin, K., The feasibility of a health care application in the treatment of patients undergoing radical cystectomy (2019) J Urol, 201, pp. 902-908; Catto, J.W.F., Khetrapal, P., Ambler, G., Multidomain quantitative recovery following radical cystectomy for patients within the robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion versus open radical cystectomy randomised controlled trial: the first 30 patients (2018) Eur Urol, 74, pp. 531-534; van Hout, L., Bokkerink, W.J.V., Ibelings, M.S., Vriens, P., Perioperative monitoring of inguinal hernia patients with a smartphone application (2020) Hernia, 24, pp. 179-185; Raja, J.M., Elsakr, C., Roman, S., Apple watch, wearables, and heart rhythm: where do we stand? (2019) Ann Transl Med, 7, p. 417; Krishnan, N., Li, B., Jacobs, B.L., The fate of radical cystectomy patients after hospital discharge: understanding the black box of the pre-readmission interval (2018) Eur Urol Focus, 4, pp. 711-717; Krishnan, N., Liu, X., Lavieri, M.S., A model to optimize followup care and reduce hospital readmissions after radical cystectomy (2016) J Urol, 195, pp. 1362-1367; Cai, S., Grubbs, A., Makineni, R., Kinosian, B., Phibbs, C.S., Intrator, O., Evaluation of the Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center hospital-in-home program (2018) J Am Geriatr Soc, 66, pp. 1392-1398; Richards, S.H., Coast, J., Gunnell, D.J., Peters, T.J., Pounsford, J., Darlow, M.A., Randomised controlled trial comparing effectiveness and acceptability of an early discharge, hospital at home scheme with acute hospital care (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1796-1801; Ramkumar, P.N., Haeberle, H.S., Ramanathan, D., Remote patient monitoring using mobile health for total knee arthroplasty: validation of a wearable and machine learning-based surveillance platform (2019) J Arthroplasty, 34, pp. 2253-2259; Breteler, M.J.M., KleinJan, E., Numan, L., Are current wireless monitoring systems capable of detecting adverse events in high-risk surgical patients? A descriptive study (2020) Injury, 51, pp. S97-S105; Soukup, T., Lamb, B.W., Arora, S., Darzi, A., Sevdalis, N., Green, J.S., Successful strategies in implementing a multidisciplinary team working in the care of patients with cancer: an overview and synthesis of the available literature (2018) J Multidiscip Healthc, 11, pp. 49-61; Specchia, M.L., Frisicale, E.M., Carini, E., The impact of tumor board on cancer care: evidence from an umbrella review (2020) BMC Health Serv Res, 20, p. 73; Charara, R.N., Kreidieh, F.Y., Farhat, R.A., Practice and impact of multidisciplinary tumor boards on patient management: a prospective study (2017) J Glob Oncol, 3, pp. 242-249; Salami, A.C., Barden, G.M., Castillo, D.L., Establishment of a regional virtual tumor board program to improve the process of care for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (2015) J Oncol Pract, 11, pp. e66-e74; Lesslie, M., Parikh, J.R., Implementing a multidisciplinary tumor board in the community practice setting (2017) Diagnostics (Basel), 7, p. 55; McGeady, J.B., Blaschko, S.D., Brajtbord, J.S., Sewell, J.L., Chen, A.H., Breyer, B.N., Electronic preconsultation as a method of quality improvement for urological referrals (2014) Urol Pract, 1, pp. 172-175; Chertack, N., Lotan, Y., Mayorga, C., Mauck, R., Implementation of a urology e-consult service at a safety net county hospital (2020) Urol Pract; Witherspoon, L., Liddy, C., Afkham, A., Keely, E., Mahoney, J., Improving access to urologists through an electronic consultation service (2017) Can Urol Assoc J, 11, pp. 270-274; Vimalananda, V.G., Gupte, G., Seraj, S.M., Electronic consultations (e-consults) to improve access to specialty care: a systematic review and narrative synthesis (2015) J Telemed Telecare, 21, pp. 323-330; Rosner, B.I., Gottlieb, M., Anderson, W.N., Effectiveness of an automated digital remote guidance and telemonitoring platform on costs, readmissions, and complications after hip and knee arthroplasties (2018) J Arthroplasty, 33. , 988–96 e984; Balakrishnan, A.S., Nguyen, H.G., Shinohara, K., Au Yeung, R., Carroll, P.R., Odisho, A.Y., A mobile health intervention for prostate biopsy patients reduces appointment cancellations: cohort study (2019) J Med Internet Res, 21; Asch, D.A., Nicholson, S., Berger, M.L., Toward facilitated self-service in health care (2019) N Engl J Med, 380, pp. 1891-1893; Pang, K.H., Carrion, D.M., Rivas, J.G., The impact of COVID-19 on European health care and urology trainees (2020) Eur Urol, 78, pp. 6-8; Porpiglia, F., Checcucci, E., Autorino, R., Traditional and virtual congress meetings during the COVID-19 pandemic and the post-COVID-19 era: is it time to change the paradigm? (2020) Eur Urol, 78, pp. 301-303; Loeb, S., Taylor, J., Butaney, M., Twitter-based prostate cancer journal club (#ProstateJC) promotes multidisciplinary global scientific discussion and research dissemination (2019) Eur Urol, 75, pp. 881-882; Loeb, S., Taylor, J., Borin, J.F., Fake news: spread of misinformation about urological conditions on social media (2020) Eur Urol Focus, 6, pp. 437-439; Ribal, M.J., Cornford, P., Briganti, A., European Association of Urology Guidelines Office Rapid Reaction Group: an organisation-wide collaborative effort to adapt the European Association of Urology guidelines recommendations to the coronavirus disease 2019 era (2020) Eur Urol, 78, pp. 21-28; Stensland, K.D., Morgan, T.M., Moinzadeh, A., Considerations in the triage of urologic surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Eur Urol, 77, pp. 663-666; Wallis, C.J.D., Novara, G., Marandino, L., Risks from deferring treatment for genitourinary cancers: a collaborative review to aid triage and management during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Eur Urol, 78, pp. 29-42; Campi, R., Amparore, D., Capitanio, U., Assessing the burden of nondeferrable major uro-oncologic surgery to guide prioritisation strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from three Italian high-volume referral centres (2020) Eur Urol, 78, pp. 11-15; Noon, A.P., Albertsen, P.C., Thomas, F., Rosario, D.J., Catto, J.W., Competing mortality in patients diagnosed with bladder cancer: evidence of undertreatment in the elderly and female patients (2013) Br J Cancer, 108, pp. 1534-1540; Chen, R.C., Rumble, R.B., Loblaw, D.A., Active surveillance for the management of localized prostate cancer (Cancer Care Ontario guideline): American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guideline endorsement (2016) J Clin Oncol, 34, pp. 2182-2190; McIntosh, A.G., Ristau, B.T., Ruth, K., Active surveillance for localized renal masses: tumor growth, delayed intervention rates, and >5-yr clinical outcomes (2018) Eur Urol, 74, pp. 157-164; Pierorazio, P.M., Johnson, M.H., Ball, M.W., Five-year analysis of a multi-institutional prospective clinical trial of delayed intervention and surveillance for small renal masses: the DISSRM registry (2015) Eur Urol, 68, pp. 408-415; Soloway, M.S., Bruck, D.S., Kim, S.S., Expectant management of small, recurrent, noninvasive papillary bladder tumors (2003) J Urol, 170 (2), pp. 438-441; Marandino, L., Di Maio, M., Procopio, G., Cinieri, S., Beretta, G.D., Necchi, A., The shifting landscape of genitourinary oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic and how Italian oncologists reacted: results from a national survey (2020) Eur Urol, 78, pp. e27-e35; Hickey, B.E., James, M.L., Daly, T., Soh, F.Y., Jeffery, M., Hypofractionation for clinically localized prostate cancer (2019) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 9. , CD011462; Stokes, W.A., Kavanagh, B.D., Raben, D., Pugh, T.J., Implementation of hypofractionated prostate radiation therapy in the United States: a National Cancer Database analysis (2017) Pract Radiat Oncol, 7, pp. 270-278; Louis, L., Thomas, S., Yohann, L., Morgan, R., Adjustments in the use of intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Eur Urol, 78, pp. 1-3; Sharma, V., Wymer, K.M., Borah, B.J., Cost-effectiveness of maintenance BCG for intermediate and high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (2020) J Urol, 204, pp. 442-449; American College of Surgeons, COVID-19: elective case triage guidelines for surgical care (2020), https://www.facs.org/covid-19/clinical-guidance/elective-case; SAGES, SAGES and EAES recommendations regarding surgical response to COVID-19 crisis (2020), https://www.sages.org/recommendations-surgical-response-covid-19/; Hamdy, F.C., Donovan, J.L., Lane, J.A., 10-Year outcomes after monitoring, surgery, or radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer (2016) N Engl J Med, 375, pp. 1415-1424; National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Bladder cancer: diagnosis and management of bladder cancer: © NICE (2015) bladder cancer: diagnosis and management of bladder cancer (2017) BJU Int, 120, pp. 755-765; Matulay, J.T., Soloway, M., Witjes, J.A., Risk-adapted management of low-grade bladder tumours: recommendations from the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG) (2020) BJU Int, 125, pp. 497-505; Rezaee, M.E., Lynch, K.E., Li, Z., The impact of low-versus high-intensity surveillance cystoscopy on surgical care and cancer outcomes in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (2020) PLoS One, 15; Stewart-Merrill, S.B., Thompson, R.H., Boorjian, S.A., Oncologic surveillance after surgical resection for renal cell carcinoma: a novel risk-based approach (2015) J Clin Oncol, 33, pp. 4151-4157; Merrill, S.B., Boorjian, S.A., Thompson, R.H., Oncologic surveillance following radical cystectomy: an individualized risk-based approach (2017) World J Urol, 35, pp. 1863-1869; Williams, S.N., Armitage, C.J., Tampe, T., Dienes, K., Public perceptions and experiences of social distancing and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic: a UK-based focus group study (2020) medRxiv preprint; Park, C.L., Russell, B.S., Fendrich, M., Finkelstein-Fox, L., Hutchison, M., Becker, J., Americans’ COVID-19 stress, coping, and adherence to CDC guidelines (2020) J Gen Intern Med, 35, pp. 2296-2303; Korfage, I.J., de Koning, H.J., Roobol, M., Schroder, F.H., Essink-Bot, M.L., Prostate cancer diagnosis: the impact on patients’ mental health (2006) Eur J Cancer, 42, pp. 165-170; Linden, W., Vodermaier, A., Mackenzie, R., Greig, D., Anxiety and depression after cancer diagnosis: prevalence rates by cancer type, gender, and age (2012) J Affect Disord, 141, pp. 343-351; Bull, T.P., Dewar, A.R., Malvey, D.M., Szalma, J.L., Considerations for the telehealth systems of tomorrow: an analysis of student perceptions of telehealth technologies (2016) JMIR Med Educ, 2, p. e11; van den Bergh, R.C., Essink-Bot, M.L., Roobol, M.J., Anxiety and distress during active surveillance for early prostate cancer (2009) Cancer, 115, pp. 3868-3878; Watts, S., Leydon, G., Eyles, C., A quantitative analysis of the prevalence of clinical depression and anxiety in patients with prostate cancer undergoing active surveillance (2015) BMJ Open, 5; Venderbos, L.D., van den Bergh, R.C., Roobol, M.J., A longitudinal study on the impact of active surveillance for prostate cancer on anxiety and distress levels (2015) Psycho-oncology, 24, pp. 348-354; Goldberg, H., Ajaj, R., Caceres, J.O.H., Psychological distress associated with active surveillance in patients younger than 70 with a small renal mass (2020) Urol Oncol, 38. , 603.e17–25; Ajaj, R., Caceres, J.O.H., Berlin, A., Gender-based psychological and physical distress differences in patients diagnosed with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma. World J Urol. In press; Matta, R., Wallis, C.J.D., Goldenberg, M.G., Variation and trends in antidepressant prescribing for men undergoing treatment for nonmetastatic prostate cancer: a population-based cohort study (2019) Eur Urol, 75, pp. 3-7; Winters, B.R., Wright, J.L., Holt, S.K., Dash, A., Gore, J.L., Schade, G.R., Health related quality of life following radical cystectomy: comparative analysis from the Medicare health outcomes survey (2018) J Urol, 199, pp. 669-675; Ajaj, R., Berlin, A., Klaassen, Z., Age differences in patient-reported psychological and physical distress symptoms in bladder cancer patients—a cross sectional study (2019) Urology, 134, pp. 154-162; Klaassen, Z., Wallis, C.J.D., Goldberg, H., The impact of psychiatric utilisation prior to cancer diagnosis on survival of solid organ malignancies (2019) Br J Cancer, 120, pp. 840-847; Chang, C.K., Hayes, R.D., Broadbent, M.T., A cohort study on mental disorders, stage of cancer at diagnosis and subsequent survival (2014) BMJ Open, 4; Myers, C.R., Using telehealth to remediate rural mental health and healthcare disparities (2019) Issues Ment Health Nurs, 40, pp. 233-239; Proctor, E., Silmere, H., Raghavan, R., Outcomes for implementation research: conceptual distinctions, measurement challenges, and research agenda (2011) Adm Policy Ment Health, 38, pp. 65-76; Collaborative CO, Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 27-38; Galsky, M.D., Shahin, M., Jia, R., Telemedicine-enabled clinical trial of metformin in patients with prostate cancer (2017) JCO Clin Cancer Inform, 1, pp. 1-10; Soreide, K., Hallet, J., Matthews, J.B., Immediate and long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on delivery of surgical services. Br J Surg. In press; Jones, D., Neal, R.D., Duffy, S.R.G., Scott, S.E., Whitaker, K.L., Brain, K., Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the symptomatic diagnosis of cancer: the view from primary care (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, pp. 748-750; Teoh, J.Y., Ong, W.L.K., Gonzalez-Padilla, D., A global survey on the impact of COVID-19 on urological services (2020) Eur Urol, 78, pp. 265-275; Sud, A., Jones, M., Boggio, J., Collateral damage: the impact on cancer outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) medRxiv preprint PY - 2020 SN - 03022838 (ISSN) SP - 731-742 ST - The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Genitourinary Cancer Care: Re-envisioning the Future T2 - European Urology TI - The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Genitourinary Cancer Care: Re-envisioning the Future UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090309648&doi=10.1016%2fj.eururo.2020.08.030&partnerID=40&md5=07818745773f384c79a39f7e6a59153d VL - 78 ID - 310 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Walls et al. describe a potential nanoparticle vaccine for COVID-19, made of a self-assembling protein nanoparticle displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain in a highly immunogenic array reminiscent of the natural virus. Their nanoparticle vaccine candidate elicits a diverse, potent, and protective antibody response, including neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike ectodomain trimer. © 2020 The Authors A safe, effective, and scalable vaccine is needed to halt the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We describe the structure-based design of self-assembling protein nanoparticle immunogens that elicit potent and protective antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. The nanoparticle vaccines display 60 SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domains (RBDs) in a highly immunogenic array and induce neutralizing antibody titers 10-fold higher than the prefusion-stabilized spike despite a 5-fold lower dose. Antibodies elicited by the RBD nanoparticles target multiple distinct epitopes, suggesting they may not be easily susceptible to escape mutations, and exhibit a lower binding:neutralizing ratio than convalescent human sera, which may minimize the risk of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease. The high yield and stability of the assembled nanoparticles suggest that manufacture of the nanoparticle vaccines will be highly scalable. These results highlight the utility of robust antigen display platforms and have launched cGMP manufacturing efforts to advance the SARS-CoV-2-RBD nanoparticle vaccine into the clinic. © 2020 The Authors AD - Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA 98121, United States Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States Biological Physics Structure and Design Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 91895, United States Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom AU - Walls, A. C. AU - Fiala, B. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Wrenn, S. AU - Pham, M. N. AU - Murphy, M. AU - Tse, L. V. AU - Shehata, L. AU - O'Connor, M. A. AU - Chen, C. AU - Navarro, M. J. AU - Miranda, M. C. AU - Pettie, D. AU - Ravichandran, R. AU - Kraft, J. C. AU - Ogohara, C. AU - Palser, A. AU - Chalk, S. AU - Lee, E. C. AU - Guerriero, K. AU - Kepl, E. AU - Chow, C. M. AU - Sydeman, C. AU - Hodge, E. A. AU - Brown, B. AU - Fuller, J. T. AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Gully, K. L. AU - Lewis, T. B. AU - Guttman, M. AU - Chu, H. Y. AU - Lee, K. K. AU - Fuller, D. H. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Kellam, P. AU - Carter, L. AU - Pepper, M. AU - Sheahan, T. P. AU - Veesler, D. AU - King, N. P. C2 - 33160446 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.043 IS - 5 J2 - Cell KW - computational protein design nanoparticle protein RBD SARS-CoV-2 vaccine convalescent serum epitope neutralizing antibody protein nanoparticle vaccine protein vaccine SARS-CoV-2 vaccine unclassified drug virus spike protein coronavirus spike glycoprotein spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody adult animal experiment animal model antibody response antibody titer antigen binding antigenicity Article B lymphocyte controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug design electron microscopy embryo enzyme linked immunosorbent assay enzyme linked immunospot assay female human human cell immunogenicity in vitro study Macaca nemestrina male mass spectrometry mouse nonhuman photon correlation spectroscopy priority journal protein assembly protein denaturation protein domain protein expression protein purification protein stability protein structure respiratory tract disease risk reduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ultraviolet visible spectroscopy vaccine associated enhanced respiratory disease virus mutation adolescent aged animal Bagg albino mouse chemistry Chlorocebus aethiops cohort analysis genetics HEK293 cell line immunology middle aged prevention and control vaccination Vero cell line virology young adult Animals Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Cohort Studies COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Epitopes HEK293 Cells Humans Mice, Inbred BALB C Nanoparticles Protein Domains Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Vero Cells LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :25 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CELLB Correspondence Address: Veesler, D.; Department of Biochemistry, United States; email: dveesler@uw.edu Correspondence Address: King, N.P.; Department of Biochemistry, United States; email: neil@ipd.uw.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19 Vaccines; Epitopes; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS, R01GM099989, R01GM120553 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 3U01AI42001-02S1, DP1AI158186, HHSN272201700059C Funding details: Defense Threat Reduction Agency, DTRA, HDTRA1-18-1-0001 Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF, HHSN272201700036I-75N93020F00001 Funding details: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, BMGF, OPP1126258, OPP1156262, OPP1159947 Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: Merck Funding details: University of Washington, UW, UWPR95794 Funding details: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC-CH Funding text 1: The authors gratefully acknowledge Caitlin Wolf, Naomi Wilcox, and Denise McCulloch for providing human convalescent serum samples; Adam Dingens and Jesse Bloom for facilitating acquisition of convalescent human serum samples and for comments on the manuscript; Maggie Ahlrichs for assistance with protein production; Karla-Luise Herpoldt for assistance and guidance with data analysis; and Ratika Krishnamurty for project management. This study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1156262 to D.V. and N.P.K. OPP1126258 to K.K.L. and H.Y.C. and OPP1159947 to Kymab Ltd.), a generous gift from the Audacious Project, a generous gift from Jodi Green and Mike Halperin, a generous gift from the Hanauer family, the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (HDTRA1-18-1-0001 to N.P.K.), P51 OD010425/OD/NIH HHS/United States (D.H.F.), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM120553 to D.V. and R01GM099989 to K.K.L.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (DP1AI158186 and HHSN272201700059C to D.V. and 3U01AI42001-02S1 to M.P.), a Pew Biomedical Scholars Award (D.V.), Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Awards from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (D.V. and M.P.), Fast Grants (D.V. and M.P.), an Animal Models Contract HHSN272201700036I-75N93020F00001 (R.S.B.), the University of Washington's Proteomics Resource (UWPR95794), and the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly (R.S.B.). Conceptualization, A.C.W. B.F. D.V. and N.P.K.; Modeling and Design, A.C.W. D.V. and N.P.K.; Formal Analysis: A.C.W. B.F. S.W. A.S. L.V.T. L.S. C.C. M.J.N. M.C.M, E.K. E.A.H. M.G. K.K.L. L.C. M.P. T.P.S. D.V. and N.P.K.; Investigation, A.C.W. B.F. A.S. S.W. M.N.P. M.M. L.V.T. L.S. M.A.O. C.C. M.J.N. M.C.M. D.P. R.R. J.C.K. C.O. A.P. S.C. E.-C.L. K.G. E.K. C.M.C. C.S. E.A.H. B.B. J.T.F. K.H.D. L.E.G. S.R.L. K.L.G. and T.B.L.; Resources, H.Y.C. P.K. and M.P.; Writing ? Original Draft, A.C.W. B.F. L.S. C.C. K.K.L. D.V. and N.P.K.; Writing ? Review & Editing, all authors; Visualization, A.C.W. B.F. A.S. L.S. C.C. K.K.L. D.V. and N.P.K.; Supervision, D.H.F. R.S.B. P.K. K.K.L. L.C. M.P. T.P.S. D.V. and N.P.K.; Funding Acquisition, R.S.B. D.V. and N.P.K. A.C.W, D.V. and N.P.K. are named as inventors on patent applications filed by the University of Washington based on the studies presented in this paper. N.P.K. is a co-founder, shareholder, paid consultant, and chair of the scientific advisory board of Icosavax, Inc. and has received an unrelated sponsored research agreement from Pfizer. D.V. is a consultant for and has received an unrelated sponsored research agreement from Vir Biotechnology Inc. H.Y.C. is a consultant for Merck and Pfizer and has received research funding from Sanofi-Pasteur, Roche-Genentech, Cepheid, and Ellume outside of the submitted work. P.K. A.P. and S.C. are employees and shareholders of Kymab Ltd. The other authors declare no competing interests. Funding text 2: The authors gratefully acknowledge Caitlin Wolf, Naomi Wilcox, and Denise McCulloch for providing human convalescent serum samples; Adam Dingens and Jesse Bloom for facilitating acquisition of convalescent human serum samples and for comments on the manuscript; Maggie Ahlrichs for assistance with protein production; Karla-Luise Herpoldt for assistance and guidance with data analysis; and Ratika Krishnamurty for project management. This study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation ( OPP1156262 to D.V. and N.P.K., OPP1126258 to K.K.L. and H.Y.C., and OPP1159947 to Kymab Ltd.), a generous gift from the Audacious Project , a generous gift from Jodi Green and Mike Halperin , a generous gift from the Hanauer family , the Defense Threat Reduction Agency ( HDTRA1-18-1-0001 to N.P.K.), the National Institute of General Medical Sciences ( R01GM120553 to D.V. and R01GM099989 to K.K.L.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ( DP1AI158186 and HHSN272201700059C to D.V. and 3U01AI42001-02S1 to M.P.), a Pew Biomedical Scholars Award (D.V.), Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease Awards from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (D.V. and M.P.), Fast Grants (D.V. and M.P.), an Animal Models Contract HHSN272201700036I-75N93020F00001 (R.S.B.), the University of Washington ’s Proteomics Resource ( UWPR95794 ), and the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly (R.S.B.). Funding text 3: A.C.W, D.V., and N.P.K. are named as inventors on patent applications filed by the University of Washington based on the studies presented in this paper. N.P.K. is a co-founder, shareholder, paid consultant, and chair of the scientific advisory board of Icosavax, Inc. and has received an unrelated sponsored research agreement from Pfizer. D.V. is a consultant for and has received an unrelated sponsored research agreement from Vir Biotechnology Inc. H.Y.C. is a consultant for Merck and Pfizer and has received research funding from Sanofi-Pasteur, Roche-Genentech, Cepheid, and Ellume outside of the submitted work. P.K., A.P., and S.C. are employees and shareholders of Kymab Ltd. The other authors declare no competing interests. References: Alsoussi, W.B., Turner, J.S., Case, J.B., Zhao, H., Schmitz, A.J., Zhou, J.Q., Chen, R.E., McIntire, K.M., A Potently Neutralizing Antibody Protects Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2020) J Immunol, 205, p. ji2000583; Anthony, S.J., Gilardi, K., Menachery, V.D., Goldstein, T., Ssebide, B., Mbabazi, R., Navarrete-Macias, I., Hicks, A., Further Evidence for Bats as the Evolutionary Source of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2017) MBio, 8, p. e00373-17; Anywaine, Z., Whitworth, H., Kaleebu, P., Praygod, G., Shukarev, G., Manno, D., Kapiga, S., Bockstal, V., Safety and Immunogenicity of a 2-Dose Heterologous Vaccination Regimen With Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola Vaccines: 12-Month Data From a Phase 1 Randomized Clinical Trial in Uganda and Tanzania (2019) J. Infect. Dis., 220, pp. 46-56; Bale, J.B., Gonen, S., Liu, Y., Sheffler, W., Ellis, D., Thomas, C., Cascio, D., Baker, D., Accurate design of megadalton-scale two-component icosahedral protein complexes (2016) Science, 353, pp. 389-394; Barnes, C.O., West, A.P., Huey-Tubman, K.E., Hoffmann, M.A.G., Sharaf, N.G., Hoffman, P.R., Koranda, N., Muecksch, F., Structures of Human Antibodies Bound to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Reveal Common Epitopes and Recurrent Features of Antibodies (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 828-842; Baum, A., Fulton, B.O., Wloga, E., Copin, R., Pascal, K.E., Russo, V., Giordano, S., Ni, M., Antibody cocktail to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prevents rapid mutational escape seen with individual antibodies (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1014-1018; Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Ellis, D., Gillespie, R.A., Hutchinson, G.B., Park, Y.-J., Moin, S.M., Acton, O., Pettie, D., Elicitation of broadly protective immunity to influenza by multivalent hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccines (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2005.2030.125179; Brouwer, P.J.M., Antanasijevic, A., Berndsen, Z., Yasmeen, A., Fiala, B., Bijl, T.P.L., Bontjer, I., Allen, J.D., Enhancing and shaping the immunogenicity of native-like HIV-1 envelope trimers with a two-component protein nanoparticle (2019) Nat. Commun., 10, p. 4272; Brouwer, P.J.M., Caniels, T.G., van der Straten, K., Snitselaar, J.L., Aldon, Y., Bangaru, S., Torres, J.L., Kerster, G., Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability (2020) Science, 369, pp. 643-650; Bruun, T.U.J., Andersson, A.C., Draper, S.J., Howarth, M., Engineering a Rugged Nanoscaffold To Enhance Plug-and-Display Vaccination (2018) ACS Nano, 12, pp. 8855-8866; Corbett, K.S., Edwards, D.K., Leist, S.R., Abiona, O.M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R.A., Himansu, S., DiPiazza, A.T., SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine design enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 567-571; Corti, D., Zhao, J., Pedotti, M., Simonelli, L., Agnihothram, S., Fett, C., Fernandez-Rodriguez, B., Vanzetta, F., Prophylactic and postexposure efficacy of a potent human monoclonal antibody against MERS coronavirus (2015) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, pp. 10473-10478; Dai, L., Zheng, T., Xu, K., Han, Y., Xu, L., Huang, E., An, Y., Liu, M., A Universal Design of Betacoronavirus Vaccines against COVID-19, MERS, and SARS (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 722-733.e11; Davis, A.K.F., McCormick, K., Gumina, M.E., Petrie, J.G., Martin, E.T., Xue, K.S., Bloom, J.D., Hensley, S.E., Sera from Individuals with Narrowly Focused Influenza Virus Antibodies Rapidly Select Viral Escape Mutations In Ovo (2018) J. Virol., 92, p. e00859-18; Dinnon, K.H., 3rd, Leist, S.R., Schäfer, A., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Montgomery, S.A., West, A., Adams, L.E., A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 560-566; Dinnon, K.H., Leist, S.R., Schäfer, A., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Montgomery, S.A., West, A., Adams, L.E., A mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 model for the evaluation of COVID-19 medical countermeasures (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2005.2006.081497; Edwards, R.J., Mansouri, K., Stalls, V., Manne, K., Watts, B., Parks, R., Gobeil, S.M.C., Lu, X., Cold sensitivity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.07.12.199588; Folegatti, P.M., Ewer, K.J., Aley, P.K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Clutterbuck, E.A., Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 467-478; Gasteiger, E., Hoogland, C., Gattiker, A., Duvaud, S., Wilkins, M.R., Appel, R.D., Bairoch, A., Protein Identification and Analysis Tools on the ExPASy Server (2005) The Proteomics Protocols Handbook, pp. 571-607. , J.M. Walker Humana Press; Gibson, D.G., Young, L., Chuang, R.Y., Venter, J.C., Hutchison, C.A., 3rd, Smith, H.O., Enzymatic assembly of DNA molecules up to several hundred kilobases (2009) Nat. Methods, 6, pp. 343-345; Goddard, T.D., Huang, C.C., Meng, E.C., Pettersen, E.F., Couch, G.S., Morris, J.H., Ferrin, T.E., UCSF ChimeraX: Meeting modern challenges in visualization and analysis (2018) Protein Sci., 27, pp. 14-25; Graham, B.S., Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development (2020) Science, 368, pp. 945-946; Guttman, M., Weis, D.D., Engen, J.R., Lee, K.K., Analysis of overlapped and noisy hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectra (2013) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 24, pp. 1906-1912; Hansen, J., Baum, A., Pascal, K.E., Russo, V., Giordano, S., Wloga, E., Fulton, B.O., Patel, K., Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1010-1014; Harvey, D.J., Merry, A.H., Royle, L., Campbell, M.P., Rudd, P.M., Symbol nomenclature for representing glycan structures: Extension to cover different carbohydrate types (2011) Proteomics, 11, pp. 4291-4295; Henderson, R., Edwards, R.J., Mansouri, K., Janowska, K., Stalls, V., Gobeil, S.M.C., Kopp, M., Hsu, A.L., Controlling the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein conformation (2020) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 27, pp. 925-933; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T.S., Nitsche, A., SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280.e8; Hou, Y.J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C.E., Martinez, D.R., Asakura, T., Dinnon, K.H., 3rd, Kato, T., Mascenik, T.M., SARS-CoV-2 Reverse Genetics Reveals a Variable Infection Gradient in the Respiratory Tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446.e14; Hsia, Y., Bale, J.B., Gonen, S., Shi, D., Sheffler, W., Fong, K.K., Nattermann, U., Ravichandran, R., Design of a hyperstable 60-subunit protein dodecahedron. [corrected] (2016) Nature, 535, pp. 136-139; Hsieh, C.L., Goldsmith, J.A., Schaub, J.M., DiVenere, A.M., Kuo, H.C., Javanmardi, K., Le, K.C., Liu, Y., Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1501-1505; Huo, J., Zhao, Y., Ren, J., Zhou, D., Duyvesteyn, H.M.E., Ginn, H.M., Carrique, L., Shah, P.N.M., Neutralisation of SARS-CoV-2 by destruction of the prefusion Spike (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 28, pp. 445-454.e6; Irvine, D.J., Read, B.J., Shaping humoral immunity to vaccines through antigen-displaying nanoparticles (2020) Curr. Opin. Immunol., 65, pp. 1-6; Jackson, L.A., Anderson, E.J., Rouphael, N.G., Roberts, P.C., Makhene, M., Coler, R.N., McCullough, M.P., Stevens, L.J., An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 - Preliminary Report (2020) N Engl J Med; Kanekiyo, M., Graham, B.S., Next-Generation Influenza Vaccines (2020) Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med.; Kanekiyo, M., Wei, C.J., Yassine, H.M., McTamney, P.M., Boyington, J.C., Whittle, J.R., Rao, S.S., Nabel, G.J., Self-assembling influenza nanoparticle vaccines elicit broadly neutralizing H1N1 antibodies (2013) Nature, 499, pp. 102-106; Kanekiyo, M., Bu, W., Joyce, M.G., Meng, G., Whittle, J.R., Baxa, U., Yamamoto, T., Rao, S.S., Rational Design of an Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine Targeting the Receptor-Binding Site (2015) Cell, 162, pp. 1090-1100; Kanekiyo, M., Ellis, D., King, N.P., New Vaccine Design and Delivery Technologies (2019) J. Infect. Dis., 219, pp. S88-S96; Kanekiyo, M., Joyce, M.G., Gillespie, R.A., Gallagher, J.R., Andrews, S.F., Yassine, H.M., Wheatley, A.K., Creanga, A., Mosaic nanoparticle display of diverse influenza virus hemagglutinins elicits broad B cell responses (2019) Nat. Immunol., 20, pp. 362-372; Keech, C., Albert, G., Cho, I., Robertson, A., Reed, P., Neal, S., Plested, J.S., Zhou, H., Phase 1-2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine (2020) N Engl J Med; Kim, H.W., Canchola, J.G., Brandt, C.D., Pyles, G., Chanock, R.M., Jensen, K., Parrott, R.H., Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine (1969) Am. J. Epidemiol., 89, pp. 422-434; King, N.P., Sheffler, W., Sawaya, M.R., Vollmar, B.S., Sumida, J.P., André, I., Gonen, T., Baker, D., Computational design of self-assembling protein nanomaterials with atomic level accuracy (2012) Science, 336, pp. 1171-1174; Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Wang, N., Pallesen, J., Wrapp, D., Turner, H.L., Cottrell, C.A., Corbett, K.S., Ward, A.B., Stabilized coronavirus spikes are resistant to conformational changes induced by receptor recognition or proteolysis (2018) Sci. Rep., 8, p. 15701; Kreimer, A.R., Herrero, R., Sampson, J.N., Porras, C., Lowy, D.R., Schiller, J.T., Schiffman, M., Jimenez, S., Evidence for single-dose protection by the bivalent HPV vaccine-Review of the Costa Rica HPV vaccine trial and future research studies (2018) Vaccine, 36 (32), pp. 4774-4782; Krenkova, J., Szekrenyes, A., Keresztessy, Z., Foret, F., Guttman, A., Oriented immobilization of peptide-N-glycosidase F on a monolithic support for glycosylation analysis (2013) J. Chromatogr. A, 1322, pp. 54-61; Kumru, O.S., Joshi, S.B., Smith, D.E., Middaugh, C.R., Prusik, T., Volkin, D.B., Vaccine instability in the cold chain: mechanisms, analysis and formulation strategies (2014) Biologicals, 42, pp. 237-259; Lan, J., Ge, J., Yu, J., Shan, S., Zhou, H., Fan, S., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220; Lee, E.C., Liang, Q., Ali, H., Bayliss, L., Beasley, A., Bloomfield-Gerdes, T., Bonoli, L., Carpenter, A., Complete humanization of the mouse immunoglobulin loci enables efficient therapeutic antibody discovery (2014) Nat. Biotechnol., 32, pp. 356-363; Lee, J.M., Eguia, R., Zost, S.J., Choudhary, S., Wilson, P.C., Bedford, T., Stevens-Ayers, T., Lakdawala, S.S., Mapping person-to-person variation in viral mutations that escape polyclonal serum targeting influenza hemagglutinin (2019) eLife, 8, p. e49324; Letko, M., Marzi, A., Munster, V., Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses (2020) Nat. Microbiol., 5, pp. 562-569; Li, W., Moore, M.J., Vasilieva, N., Sui, J., Wong, S.K., Berne, M.A., Somasundaran, M., Greenough, T.C., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003) Nature, 426, pp. 450-454; Li, Q., Wu, J., Nie, J., Zhang, L., Hao, H., Liu, S., Zhao, C., Nie, L., The impact of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike on viral infectivity and antigenicity (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 1284-1294.e9; Li, X., Wang, W., Zhao, X., Zai, J., Zhao, Q., Li, Y., Chaillon, A., Transmission dynamics and evolutionary history of 2019-nCoV (2020) J. Med. Virol., 92, pp. 501-511; Liu, L., Wang, P., Nair, M.S., Yu, J., Rapp, M., Wang, Q., Luo, Y., Figueroa, A., Potent neutralizing antibodies against multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 450-456; López-Sagaseta, J., Malito, E., Rappuoli, R., Bottomley, M.J., Self-assembling protein nanoparticles in the design of vaccines (2015) Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J., 14, pp. 58-68; Mandolesi, M., Sheward, D.J., Hanke, L., Ma, J., Pushparaj, P., Vidakovics, L.P., Kim, C., Coquet, J.M., SARS-CoV-2 protein subunit vaccination elicits potent neutralizing antibody responses (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2007.2031.228486; Marcandalli, J., Fiala, B., Ols, S., Perotti, M., de van der Schueren, W., Snijder, J., Hodge, E., Carter, L., Induction of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by a Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2019) Cell, 176, pp. 1420-1431.e17; McCallum, M., Walls, A.C., Bowen, J.E., Corti, D., Veesler, D., Structure-guided covalent stabilization of coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimers in the closed conformation (2020) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 27, pp. 942-949; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S., Gralinski, L.E., Plante, J.A., Graham, R.L., Donaldson, E.F., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat. Med., 21, pp. 1508-1513; Menachery, V.D., Yount, B.L., Jr., Sims, A.C., Debbink, K., Agnihothram, S.S., Gralinski, L.E., Graham, R.L., Royal, S.R., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, pp. 3048-3053; Millet, J.K., Whittaker, G.R., Murine Leukemia Virus (MLV)-based Coronavirus Spike-pseudotyped Particle Production and Infection (2016) Biol. Protoc, 6, p. e2035; Mulligan, M.J., Lyke, K.E., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S.P., Neuzil, K., Swanson, K.A., Phase 1/2 Study to Describe the Safety and Immunogenicity of a COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Candidate (BNT162b1) in Adults 18 to 55 Years of Age: Interim Report (2020) medRxiv, , 2020.2006.2030.20142570; Pallesen, J., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Wrapp, D., Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Turner, H.L., Cottrell, C.A., Shi, W., Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, pp. E7348-E7357; Piccoli, L., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Czudnochowski, N., Walls, A.C., Beltramello, M., Silacci-Fregni, C., Bowen, J.E., Mapping Neutralizing and Immunodominant Sites on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain by Structure-Guided High-Resolution Serology (2020) Cell; Pinto, D., Park, Y.J., Beltramello, M., Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Bianchi, S., Jaconi, S., De Marco, A., Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 290-295; Poh, C.M., Carissimo, G., Wang, B., Amrun, S.N., Lee, C.Y., Chee, R.S., Fong, S.W., Torres-Ruesta, A., Two linear epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that elicit neutralising antibodies in COVID-19 patients (2020) Nat. Commun., 11, p. 2806; Polack, F.P., Teng, M.N., Collins, P.L., Prince, G.A., Exner, M., Regele, H., Lirman, D.D., Karp, C.L., A role for immune complexes in enhanced respiratory syncytial virus disease (2002) J. Exp. Med., 196, pp. 859-865; Robbiani, D.F., Gaebler, C., Muecksch, F., Lorenzi, J.C.C., Wang, Z., Cho, A., Agudelo, M., Finkin, S., Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 437-442; Rockx, B., Corti, D., Donaldson, E., Sheahan, T., Stadler, K., Lanzavecchia, A., Baric, R., Structural basis for potent cross-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protection against lethal human and zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge (2008) J. Virol., 82, pp. 3220-3235; Rossen, J.W., de Beer, R., Godeke, G.J., Raamsman, M.J., Horzinek, M.C., Vennema, H., Rottier, P.J., The viral spike protein is not involved in the polarized sorting of coronaviruses in epithelial cells (1998) J. Virol., 72, pp. 497-503; Sahin, U., Muik, A., Derhovanessian, E., Vogler, I., Kranz, L.M., Vormehr, M., Baum, A., Maurus, D., Concurrent human antibody and TH1 type T-cell responses elicited by a COVID-19 RNA vaccine (2020) medRxiv, , 2020.2007.2017.20140533; Seydoux, E., Homad, L.J., MacCamy, A.J., Parks, K.R., Hurlburt, N.K., Jennewein, M.F., Akins, N.R., Feng, J., Characterization of neutralizing antibodies from a SARS-CoV-2 infected individual (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2005.2012.091298; Shang, J., Ye, G., Shi, K., Wan, Y., Luo, C., Aihara, H., Geng, Q., Li, F., Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 221-224; Smith, E.C., Sexton, N.R., Denison, M.R., Thinking Outside the Triangle: Replication Fidelity of the Largest RNA Viruses (2014) Annu. Rev. Virol., 1, pp. 111-132; Starr, T.N., Greaney, A.J., Hilton, S.K., Ellis, D., Crawford, K.H.D., Dingens, A.S., Navarro, M.J., Walls, A.C., Deep Mutational Scanning of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Reveals Constraints on Folding and ACE2 Binding (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 1295-1310.e20; Stettler, K., Beltramello, M., Espinosa, D.A., Graham, V., Cassotta, A., Bianchi, S., Vanzetta, F., Mele, F., Specificity, cross-reactivity, and function of antibodies elicited by Zika virus infection (2016) Science, 353, pp. 823-826; ter Meulen, J., van den Brink, E.N., Poon, L.L., Marissen, W.E., Leung, C.S., Cox, F., Cheung, C.Y., van Deventer, E., Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants (2006) PLoS Med., 3, p. e237; Tortorici, M.A., Veesler, D., Structural insights into coronavirus entry (2019) Adv. Virus Res., 105, pp. 93-116; Tortorici, M.A., Beltramello, M., Lempp, F.A., Pinto, D., Dang, H.V., Rosen, L.E., McCallum, M., Jaconi, S., Ultrapotent human antibodies protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge via multiple mechanisms (2020) Science, p. eabe3354; Traggiai, E., Becker, S., Subbarao, K., Kolesnikova, L., Uematsu, Y., Gismondo, M.R., Murphy, B.R., Lanzavecchia, A., An efficient method to make human monoclonal antibodies from memory B cells: potent neutralization of SARS coronavirus (2004) Nat. Med., 10, pp. 871-875; Ueda, G., Antanasijevic, A., Fallas, J.A., Sheffler, W., Copps, J., Ellis, D., Hutchinson, G.B., Tsybovsky, Y., Tailored design of protein nanoparticle scaffolds for multivalent presentation of viral glycoprotein antigens (2020) eLife, 9, p. e57659; Verkerke, H.P., Williams, J.A., Guttman, M., Simonich, C.A., Liang, Y., Filipavicius, M., Hu, S.L., Lee, K.K., Epitope-Independent Purification of Native-Like Envelope Trimers from Diverse HIV-1 Isolates (2016) J. Virol., 90, pp. 9471-9482; Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Bosch, B.J., Frenz, B., Rottier, P.J.M., DiMaio, F., Rey, F.A., Veesler, D., Cryo-electron microscopy structure of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimer (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 114-117; Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Frenz, B., Snijder, J., Li, W., Rey, F.A., DiMaio, F., Veesler, D., Glycan shield and epitope masking of a coronavirus spike protein observed by cryo-electron microscopy (2016) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 23, pp. 899-905; Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Snijder, J., Xiong, X., Bosch, B.J., Rey, F.A., Veesler, D., Tectonic conformational changes of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein promote membrane fusion (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, pp. 11157-11162; Walls, A.C., Xiong, X., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Snijder, J., Quispe, J., Cameroni, E., Lanzavecchia, A., Unexpected Receptor Functional Mimicry Elucidates Activation of Coronavirus Fusion (2019) Cell, 176, pp. 1026-1039.e15; Walls, A.C., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Wall, A., McGuire, A.T., Veesler, D., Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 281-292.e6; Wang, C., Li, W., Drabek, D., Okba, N.M.A., van Haperen, R., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., van Kuppeveld, F.J.M., Bosch, B.-J., A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2003.2011.987958; Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Wu, L., Niu, S., Song, C., Zhang, Z., Lu, G., Yuen, K.Y., Structural and Functional Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Entry by Using Human ACE2 (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 894-904.e9; Watanabe, Y., Allen, J.D., Wrapp, D., McLellan, J.S., Crispin, M., Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (2020) Science, 369, pp. 330-333; Weis, D.D., Engen, J.R., Kass, I.J., Semi-automated data processing of hydrogen exchange mass spectra using HX-Express (2006) J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 17, pp. 1700-1703; Woo, P.C., Lau, S.K., Li, K.S., Poon, R.W., Wong, B.H., Tsoi, H.W., Yip, B.C., Yuen, K.Y., Molecular diversity of coronaviruses in bats (2006) Virology, 351, pp. 180-187; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.L., Abiona, O., Graham, B.S., McLellan, J.S., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Wu, Y., Wang, F., Shen, C., Peng, W., Li, D., Zhao, C., Li, Z., Yang, Y., A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1274-1278; Xiong, X., Tortorici, M.A., Snijder, J., Yoshioka, C., Walls, A.C., Li, W., McGuire, A.T., Veesler, D., Glycan Shield and Fusion Activation of a Deltacoronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Fine-Tuned for Enteric Infections (2018) J. Virol., 92, p. e01628-17; Xiong, X., Qu, K., Ciazynska, K.A., Hosmillo, M., Carter, A.P., Ebrahimi, S., Ke, Z., Grice, G.L., A thermostable, closed SARS-CoV-2 spike protein trimer (2020) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 27, pp. 934-941; Yan, R., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Xia, L., Guo, Y., Zhou, Q., Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1444-1448; Yang, Y., Liu, C., Du, L., Jiang, S., Shi, Z., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Two Mutations Were Critical for Bat-to-Human Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2015) J. Virol., 89, pp. 9119-9123; Yu, J., Tostanoski, L.H., Peter, L., Mercado, N.B., McMahan, K., Mahrokhian, S.H., Nkolola, J.P., Chandrashekar, A., DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 806-811; Yuan, M., Wu, N.C., Zhu, X., Lee, C.D., So, R.T.Y., Lv, H., Mok, C.K.P., Wilson, I.A., A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV (2020) Science, 368, pp. 630-633; Zhang, Z., Zhang, A., Xiao, G., Improved protein hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry platform with fully automated data processing (2012) Anal. Chem., 84, pp. 4942-4949; Zhou, D., Duyvesteyn, H.M.E., Chen, C.P., Huang, C.G., Chen, T.H., Shih, S.R., Lin, Y.C., Huang, Y.C., Structural basis for the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by an antibody from a convalescent patient (2020) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 27, pp. 950-958; Zhou, H., Chen, X., Hu, T., Li, J., Song, H., Liu, Y., Wang, P., Holmes, E.C., A Novel Bat Coronavirus Closely Related to SARS-CoV-2 Contains Natural Insertions at the S1/S2 Cleavage Site of the Spike Protein (2020) Curr. Biol., 30, pp. 2196-2203.e3; Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.R., Huang, C.L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Zhu, F.C., Li, Y.H., Guan, X.H., Hou, L.H., Wang, W.J., Li, J.X., Wu, S.P., Wang, L., Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1845-1854; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Lu, R., A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 727-733; Zost, S.J., Gilchuk, P., Case, J.B., Binshtein, E., Chen, R.E., Nkolola, J.P., Schäfer, A., Nargi, R.S., Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 443-449 PY - 2020 SN - 00928674 (ISSN) SP - 1367-1382.e17 ST - Elicitation of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 T2 - Cell TI - Elicitation of Potent Neutralizing Antibody Responses by Designed Protein Nanoparticle Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095833802&doi=10.1016%2fj.cell.2020.10.043&partnerID=40&md5=3d349dec71fd3a20344d02f561dec3a6 VL - 183 ID - 284 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Recently, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has emerged from Wuhan, China, causing symptoms in humans similar to those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Since the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002, extensive structural analyses have revealed key atomic-level interactions between the SARS-CoV spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV. Here, we analyzed the potential receptor usage by 2019-nCoV, based on the rich knowledge about SARS-CoV and the newly released sequence of 2019-nCoV. First, the sequence of 2019-nCoV RBD, including its receptor-binding motif (RBM) that directly contacts ACE2, is similar to that of SARS-CoV, strongly suggesting that 2019-nCoV uses ACE2 as its receptor. Second, several critical residues in 2019-nCoV RBM (particularly Gln493) provide favorable interactions with human ACE2, consistent with 2019-nCoV’s capacity for human cell infection. Third, several other critical residues in 2019-nCoV RBM (particularly Asn501) are compatible with, but not ideal for, binding human ACE2, suggesting that 2019-nCoV has acquired some capacity for human-to-human transmission. Last, while phylogenetic analysis indicates a bat origin of 2019-nCoV, 2019-nCoV also potentially recognizes ACE2 from a diversity of animal species (except mice and rats), implicating these animal species as possible intermediate hosts or animal models for 2019-nCoV infections. These analyses provide insights into the receptor usage, cell entry, host cell infectivity and animal origin of 2019-nCoV and may help epidemic surveillance and preventive measures against 2019-nCoV. IMPORTANCE The recent emergence of Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV) puts the world on alert. 2019-nCoV is reminiscent of the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002 to 2003. Our decade-long structural studies on the receptor recognition by SARS-CoV have identified key interactions between SARS-CoV spike protein and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV. One of the goals of SARS-CoV research was to build an atomic-level iterative framework of virus-receptor interactions to facilitate epidemic surveillance, predict species-specific receptor usage, and identify potential animal hosts and animal models of viruses. Based on the sequence of 2019-nCoV spike protein, we apply this predictive framework to provide novel insights into the receptor usage and likely host range of 2019-nCoV. This study provides a robust test of this reiterative framework, providing the basic, translational, and public health research communities with predictive insights that may help study and battle this novel 2019-nCoV. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. AD - Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Wan, Y. AU - Shang, J. AU - Graham, R. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Li, F. C2 - 31996437 C7 - e0012720 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1128/JVI.00127-20 IS - 7 J2 - J. Virol. KW - 2019-nCoV Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 Animal reservoir Cross-species transmission Human-to-human transmission SARS coronavirus angiotensin converting enzyme 2 coronavirus spike glycoprotein COVID-19 dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus receptor 2019 novel coronavirus Article cell damage China conceptual framework Coronavirinae coronavirus disease 2019 Coronavirus infection epidemic host cell human human cell intermediate host nonhuman phylogeny prediction priority journal protein motif SARS-related coronavirus virus morphology amino acid sequence animal bat Betacoronavirus chemistry classification host range molecular model physiology protein domain sequence alignment virology virus pneumonia Animals Chiroptera Coronavirus Infections Host Specificity Humans Models, Molecular Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Pneumonia, Viral Protein Domains Receptors, Virus SARS Virus Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1493 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JOVIA Correspondence Address: Li, F.; Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, United States; email: lifang@umn.edu Chemicals/CAS: dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, 9015-82-1; angiotensin converting enzyme 2; COVID-19; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Receptors, Virus; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01AI089728, R01AI110700 Funding text 1: This work was supported by NIH grants R01AI089728 and R01AI110700 (to F.L. and R.S.B.). References: Lee, N., Hui, D., Wu, A., Chan, P., Cameron, P., Joynt, G.M., Ahuja, A., Sung, J., A major outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong (2003) N Engl J Med, 348, pp. 1986-1994. , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa030685; Yu, I.T.S., Li, Y.G., Wong, T.W., Tam, W., Chan, A.T., Lee, J.H.W., Leung, D.Y.C., Ho, T., Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (2004) N Engl J Med, 350, pp. 1731-1739. , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa032867; Marra, M.A., Jones, S.J.M., Astell, C.R., Holt, R.A., Brooks-Wilson, A., Butterfield, Y.S.N., Khattra, J., Roper, R.L., The genome sequence of the SARS-associated coronavirus (2003) Science, 300, pp. 1399-1404. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1085953; Peiris, J.S.M., Lai, S.T., Poon, L.L.M., Guan, Y., Yam, L.Y.C., Lim, W., Nicholls, J., Yuen, K.Y., Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 1319-1325. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13077-2; Guan, Y., Zheng, B.J., He, Y.Q., Liu, X.L., Zhuang, Z.X., Cheung, C.L., Luo, S.W., Poon, L., Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in Southern China (2003) Science, 302, pp. 276-278. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1087139; Liang, G.D., Chen, Q.X., Xu, J.G., Liu, Y.F., Lim, W., Peiris, J.S.M., Anderson, L.J., Xu, W.B., Laboratory diagnosis of four recent sporadic cases of community-acquired SARS, Guangdong Province, China (2004) Emerg Infect Dis, 10, pp. 1774-1781. , https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1010.040445; Song, H.-D., Tu, C.-C., Zhang, G.-W., Wang, S.-Y., Zheng, K., Lei, L.-C., Chen, Q.-X., Zhao, G.-P., Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, pp. 2430-2435. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0409608102; Sheahan, T., Rockx, B., Donaldson, E., Sims, A., Pickles, R., Corti, D., Baric, R., Mechanisms of zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus host range expansion in human airway epithelium (2008) J Virol, 82, pp. 2274-2285. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02041-07; Liu, L., Fang, Q., Deng, F., Wang, H.Z., Yi, C.E., Ba, L., Yu, W.J., Chen, Z.W., Natural mutations in the receptor binding domain of spike glycoprotein determine the reactivity of cross-neutralization between palm civet coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J Virol, 81, pp. 4694-4700. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02389-06; Hu, B., Zeng, L.P., Yang, X.L., Ge, X.Y., Zhang, W., Li, B., Xie, J.Z., Shi, Z.L., Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus (2017) PLoS Pathog, 13. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698; Ge, X.Y., Li, J.L., Yang, X.L., Chmura, A.A., Zhu, G., Epstein, J.H., Mazet, J.K., Shi, Z.L., Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor (2013) Nature, 503, pp. 535-538. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12711; Cui, J., Li, F., Shi, Z.L., Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses (2019) Nat Rev Microbiol, 17, pp. 181-192. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9; Li, F., Receptor recognition and cross-species infections of SARS coronavirus (2013) Antiviral Res, 100, pp. 246-254. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.08.014; Li, W.H., Wong, S.K., Li, F., Kuhn, J.H., Huang, I.C., Choe, H., Farzan, M., Animal origins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: Insight from ACE2-S-protein interactions (2006) J Virol, 80, pp. 4211-4219. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.80.9.4211-4219.2006; Perlman, S., Netland, J., Coronaviruses post-SARS: Update on replication and pathogenesis (2009) Nat Rev Microbiol, 7, pp. 439-450. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2147; Li, F., Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins (2016) Annu Rev Virol, 3, pp. 237-261. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-110615-042301; Li, W.H., Moore, M.J., Vasilieva, N., Sui, J.H., Wong, S.K., Berne, M.A., Somasundaran, M., Farzan, M., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003) Nature, 426, pp. 450-454. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02145; Li, F., Receptor recognition mechanisms of coronaviruses: A decade of structural studies (2015) J Virol, 89, pp. 1954-1964. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02615-14; Li, W.H., Greenough, T.C., Moore, M.J., Vasilieva, N., Somasundaran, M., Sullivan, J.L., Farzan, M., Choe, H., Efficient replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in mouse cells is limited by murine angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (2004) J Virol, 78, pp. 11429-11433. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.20.11429-11433.2004; Li, W.H., Zhang, C.S., Sui, J.H., Kuhn, J.H., Moore, M.J., Luo, S.W., Wong, S.K., Farzan, M., Receptor and viral determinants of SARS-coronavirus adaptation to human ACE2 (2005) EMBO J, 24, pp. 1634-1643. , https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.emboj.7600640; McCray, P.B., Pewe, L., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Hickey, M., Manzel, L., Shi, L., Netland, J., Perlman, S., Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J Virol, 81, pp. 813-821. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02012-06; Moore, M.J., Dorfman, T., Li, W.H., Wong, S.K., Li, Y.H., Kuhn, J.H., Coderre, J., Choe, H., Retroviruses pseudotyped with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein efficiently infect cells expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (2004) J Virol, 78, pp. 10628-10635. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.19.10628-10635.2004; Qu, X.X., Hao, P., Song, X.J., Jiang, S.M., Liu, Y.X., Wang, P.G., Rao, X., Deng, H.K., Identification of two critical amino acid residues of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for its variation in zoonotic tropism transition via a double substitution strategy (2005) J Biol Chem, 280, pp. 29588-29595. , https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M500662200; Li, F., Structural analysis of major species barriers between humans and palm civets for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections (2008) J Virol, 82, pp. 6984-6991. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00442-08; Li, F., Li, W.H., Farzan, M., Harrison, S.C., Structure of SARS coronavirus spike receptor-binding domain complexed with receptor (2005) Science, 309, pp. 1864-1868. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1116480; Wu, K.L., Peng, G.Q., Wilken, M., Geraghty, R.J., Li, F., Mechanisms of host receptor adaptation by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2012) J Biol Chem, 287, pp. 8904-8911. , https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.325803; Yang, Y., Du, L., Liu, C., Wang, L., Ma, C., Tang, J., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Receptor usage and cell entry of bat coronavirus HKU4 provide insight into bat-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111, pp. 12516-12521. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1405889111; Raj, V.S., Mou, H.H., Smits, S.L., Dekkers, D.H.W., Muller, M.A., Dijkman, R., Muth, D., Haagmans, B.L., Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC (2013) Nature, 495, pp. 251-254. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12005; Hou, Y.X., Peng, C., Yu, M., Li, Y., Han, Z.G., Li, F., Wang, L.F., Shi, Z.L., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) proteins of different bat species confer variable susceptibility to SARS-CoV entry (2010) Arch Virol, 155, pp. 1563-1569. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-010-0729-6; Letko, M., Munster, V., (2020) Functional Assessment of Cell Entry and Receptor Usage for Lineage B Β-Coronaviruses, including 2019-nCoV, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.22.915660, bioRxiv; Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Shi, Z.-L., 3 February 2020. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7; Emsley, P., Cowtan, K., Coot: Model-building tools for molecular graphics (2004) Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 60, pp. 2126-2132. , https://doi.org/10.1107/S0907444904019158; Sievers, F., Wilm, A., Dineen, D., Gibson, T.J., Karplus, K., Li, W., Lopez, R., Higgins, D.G., Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega (2011) Mol Syst Biol, 7, p. 539. , https://doi.org/10.1038/msb.2011.75 PY - 2020 SN - 0022538X (ISSN) ST - Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus T2 - Journal of Virology TI - Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85079372059&doi=10.1128%2fJVI.00127-20&partnerID=40&md5=8fcf70d48b69e2d07a0bb4399a41da1e VL - 94 ID - 576 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease, and acute respiratory syndrome (ARDS) plays an important role in the process of disease aggravation. The detailed clinical course and risk factors of ARDS have not been well described. Material/Methods: We retrospectively investigated the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of adult confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Beijing Ditan Hospital from Jan 20 to Feb 29, 2020 and compared the differences between ARDS cases and non-ARDS cases. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were employed to explore the risk factors associated with ARDS. Results: Of the 130 adult patients enrolled in this study, the median age was 46.5 (34-62) years and 76 (58.5%) were male. ARDS developed in 26 (20.0%) and 1 (0.8%) death occurred. Fever occurred in 114 patients, with a median highest temperature of 38.5 (38-39)°C and median fever duration of 8 (3-11) days. The median time from illness onset to ARDS was 10 (6-13) days, the median time to chest CT improvement was 17 (14-21) days, and median time to negative nucleic acid test result was 27 (17-33) days. Multivariate regression analysis showed increasing odds of ARDS associated with age older than 65 years (OR=4.75, 95% CL1.26-17.89, P=0.021), lymphocyte counts [0.5-1×109/L (OR=8.80, 95% CL 2.22-34.99, P=0.002); <0.5×109/L(OR=36.23, 95% CL 4.63-2083.48, P=0.001)], and temperature peak 339.1°C (OR=5.35, 95% CL 1.38-20.76, P=0.015). Conclusions: ARDS tended to occur in the second week of the disease course. Potential risk factors for ARDS were older age (>65 years), lymphopenia (£1.0×109/L), and temperature peak (339.1°C). These findings could help clinicians to predict which patients will have a poor prognosis at an early stage. © Med Sci Monit AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Medical Record Statistics Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China University of North Carolina Project-China, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Liver Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Department of Neurology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Surgical Department, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China AU - Wang, A. AU - Gao, G. AU - Wang, S. AU - Chen, M. AU - Qian, F. AU - Tang, W. AU - Xu, Y. AU - Song, R. AU - Zhuang, L. AU - Ma, X. AU - Zhao, T. AU - Guo, X. AU - Li, W. AU - Wang, X. AU - Li, B. AU - Hu, C. AU - Chen, Z. AU - Zhang, F. C2 - 32973126 C7 - e925974 DB - Scopus DO - 10.12659/MSM.925974 J2 - Med. Sci. Monit. KW - COVID-19 Fever Lymphopenia Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult Risk Factors alanine aminotransferase amylase aspartate aminotransferase C reactive protein creatine kinase creatine kinase MB creatinine lactate dehydrogenase lactic acid lopinavir plus ritonavir activated partial thromboplastin time adult adult respiratory distress syndrome aged amylase blood level antiviral therapy Article CD4+ T lymphocyte China chronic obstructive lung disease computer assisted tomography coronavirus disease 2019 coughing erythrocyte sedimentation rate female human intensive care unit kidney injury leukocyte count lymphocyte count lymphocytopenia major clinical study male open reading frame prothrombin time real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction retrospective study risk factor thrombin time bacterial infection Betacoronavirus city comorbidity complication Coronavirus infection middle aged pandemic statistical model very elderly virus pneumonia Aged, 80 and over Bacterial Infections Cities Coronavirus Infections Humans Logistic Models Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Retrospective Studies LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: MSMOF Correspondence Address: Chen, Z.; Department of Infectious Diseases, China; email: Chenzhihai0001@126.com Correspondence Address: Zhang, F.; Department of Infectious Diseases, China; email: treatment@chinaaids.cn Chemicals/CAS: alanine aminotransferase, 9000-86-6, 9014-30-6; amylase, 9000-90-2, 9000-92-4, 9001-19-8; aspartate aminotransferase, 9000-97-9; C reactive protein, 9007-41-4; creatine kinase, 9001-15-4; creatinine, 19230-81-0, 60-27-5; lactate dehydrogenase, 9001-60-9; lactate dehydrogenase A; lactic acid, 113-21-3, 50-21-5 References: Lu, H, Stratton, CW, Tang, YW, Outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan, China: The mystery and the miracle (2020) J Med Virol, 92, pp. 401-402; Wang, C, Horby, PW, Hayden, FG, Gao, GF, A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 470-473; Huang, C, Wang, Y, Li, X, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Guan, WJ, Ni, ZY, Hu, Y, Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China (2020) Med Rxiv, p. 20020974; Chen, N, Zhou, M, Dong, X, Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513; Novel coronavirus (2019-n Co V) situation report-59, , https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200319-sitrep-59-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=c3dcdef9_2, World Health Organization: Published March 20, 2020; Bellani, G, Laffey, JG, Pham, T, Epidemiology, patterns of care, and mortality for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in Intensive Care Units in 50 countries (2016) JAMA, 315, pp. 788-800; Diagnosis and treatment protocols for patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Version 6, Revised), , http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7653p/202003/46c9294a7dfe4cef80dc7f5912eb1989.shtml, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China; Clinical management of COVID-19, , https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/clinical-management-of-covid-19, World Health Organization; Laboratory diagnostics for novel coronavirus 2020, , https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/10665-331501, World Health Organization; Force, ADT, Ranieri, VM, Rubenfeld, GD, Acute respiratory distress syndrome: The Berlin Definition (2012) JAMA, 307, pp. 2526-2533; Riviello, ED, Kiviri, W, Twagirumugabe, T, Hospital incidence and outcomes of the acute respiratory distress syndrome using the Kigali Modification of the Berlin Definition (2016) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 193, pp. 52-59; Zhou, F, Yu, T, Du, R, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Uyeki, TM, Bernstein, HH, Bradley, JS, Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 update on diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management of seasonal influenzaa (2019) Clin Infect Dis, 68, pp. e1-47; Chousterman, BG, Swirski, FK, Weber, GF, Cytokine storm and sepsis disease pathogenesis (2017) Semin Immunopathol, 39, pp. 517-528; Choi, KW, Chau, TN, Tsang, O, Outcomes and prognostic factors in 267 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong (2003) Ann Intern Med, 139, pp. 715-723; Hong, KH, Choi, JP, Hong, SH, Predictors of mortality in Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (2018) Thorax, 73, pp. 286-289; Grasselli, G, Zangrillo, A, Zanella, A, Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1574-1581; Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, A, Godel, P, Subklewe, M, Cytokine release syndrome (2018) J Immunother Cancer, 6, p. 56; Xu, Z, Shi, L, Wang, Y, Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 420-422; Davidson, JA, Warren-Gash, C, Cardiovascular complications of acute respiratory infections: Current research and future directions (2019) Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 17, pp. 939-942; Gallagher, PE, Ferrario, CM, Tallant, EA, Regulation of ACE2 in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts (2008) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 295, pp. H2373-H2379; Mendoza-Torres, E, Oyarzun, A, Mondaca-Ruff, D, ACE2 and vasoactive peptides: Novel players in cardiovascular/renal remodeling and hypertension (2015) Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis, 9, pp. 217-237; Chen, J, Ling, Y, Efficacies of lopinavir/ritonavir and abidol in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) Zhonghuachuanranbingzazhi, 38, pp. 86-89. , [in Chinese]; Cao, B, Wang, Y, Wen, D, A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1787-1799; Yu, F, Yan, L, Wang, N, Quantitative detection and viral load analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in infected patients (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 71 (15), pp. 793-798; Channappanavar, R, Fehr, AR, Vijay, R, Dysregulated Type I interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected mice (2016) Cell Host Microbe, 19 (2), pp. 181-193; Hoffmann, M, Kleine-Weber, H, Schroeder, S, SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181 (2), pp. 271-80e8; Hamming, I, Timens, W, Bulthuis, ML, Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis (2004) J Pathol, 203 (2), pp. 631-637; Chu, CM, Cheng, VC, Hung, IF, Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: Initial virological and clinical findings (2004) Thorax, 59, pp. 252-256; Chan, JF-W, Yao, Y, Yeung, M-L, Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-b1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset (2015) J Infect Dis, 212, pp. 1904-1913 PY - 2020 SN - 12341010 (ISSN) ST - Clinical characteristics and risk factors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients in Beijing, China: A retrospective study T2 - Medical Science Monitor TI - Clinical characteristics and risk factors of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients in Beijing, China: A retrospective study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091619546&doi=10.12659%2fMSM.925974&partnerID=40&md5=52d23ce51d60a0c7a4ab38b586ac1d32 VL - 26 ID - 360 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Seiche Center of Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Division of Infection Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Wang, E. A. AU - Zenilman, J. AU - Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. C2 - 32808972 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jama.2020.15589 IS - 11 J2 - JAMA KW - SARS-CoV-2 vaccine COVID-19 vaccine virus vaccine chronic disease clinical study coronavirus disease 2019 disease transmission health care access health care system high risk population history human informed consent medical ethics Note pandemic personal autonomy priority journal prison prisoner race risk benefit analysis Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection ethics phase 3 clinical trial (topic) therapeutic research United States vaccination virus pneumonia Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Prisoners Therapeutic Human Experimentation Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAMAA Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19 vaccine; Viral Vaccines References: (2020), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04470427#contacts, ClinicalTrials.gov. A Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Adults Aged 18 Years and Older to Prevent COVID-19. Accessed July 14; http://www.covidprisonproject.com, The COVID Prison Project. Accessed July 12, 2020; Saloner, B., Parish, K., Ward, J.A., DiLaura, G., Dolovich, S., COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in Federal and State Prisons, , JAMA. Published online July 8, 2020; PY - 2020 SN - 00987484 (ISSN) SP - 1031-1032 ST - Ethical Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccine Trials in Correctional Facilities T2 - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association TI - Ethical Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccine Trials in Correctional Facilities UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089780314&doi=10.1001%2fjama.2020.15589&partnerID=40&md5=68fd4f186426ea519c0d2ed81dc4089a VL - 324 ID - 365 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Countries around the globe have implemented unprecedented measures to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aim to predict the COVID-19 disease course and compare the effectiveness of mitigation measures across countries to inform policy decision making using a robust and parsimonious survival-convolution model. We account for transmission during a pre-symptomatic incubation period and use a time-varying effective reproduction number (Rt) to reflect the temporal trend of transmission and change in response to a public health intervention. We estimate the intervention effect on reducing the transmission rate using a natural experiment design and quantify uncertainty by permutation. In China and South Korea, we predicted the entire disease epidemic using only early phase data (2–3 weeks after the outbreak). A fast rate of decline in Rt was observed, and adopting mitigation strategies early in the epidemic was effective in reducing the transmission rate in these two countries. The nationwide lockdown in Italy did not accelerate the speed at which the transmission rate decreases. In the United States, Rt significantly decreased during a 2-week period after the declaration of national emergency, but it declined at a much slower rate afterwards. If the trend continues after May 1, COVID-19 may be controlled by late July. However, a loss of temporal effect (e.g., due to relaxing mitigation measures after May 1) could lead to a long delay in controlling the epidemic (mid-November with fewer than 100 daily cases) and a total of more than 2 million cases. © Copyright © 2020 Wang, Xie, Wang and Zeng. AD - Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Wang, Q. AU - Xie, S. AU - Wang, Y. AU - Zeng, D. C7 - 325 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00325 J2 - Front. Public Health KW - COVID-19 mitigation measures prediction survival-convolution model time-varying effective reproduction number LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Wang, Y.; Department of Biostatistics, United States; email: yw2016@cumc.columbia.edu Correspondence Address: Zeng, D.; Department of Biostatistics, United States; email: dzeng@email.unc.edu References: Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1199-1207. , 31995857; Gates, B., Responding to COVID-19–a once-in-a-century pandemic? (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1677-1679. , 32109012; Bai, Y., Yao, L., Wei, T., Tian, F., Jin, D.Y., Chen, L., Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19 (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1406-1407. , 32083643; Ganyani, T., Kremer, C., Chen, D., Torneri, A., Faes, C., Wallinga, J., Estimating the generation interval for COVID-19 based on symptom onset data (2020) medRxiv, , 32372755, [Epub ahead of print]; Guo, Z.G., Sun, G.Q., Wang, Z., Jin, Z., Li, L., Li, C., Spatial dynamics of an epidemic model with nonlocal infection (2020) Appl Math Comput, 377, p. 125158; Li, L., Zhang, J., Liu, C., Zhang, H.T., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Analysis of transmission dynamics for Zika virus on networks (2019) Appl Math Comput, 347, pp. 566-577; Jovanović, M., Krstić, M., Stochastically perturbed vector-borne disease models with direct transmission (2012) Appl Math Modell, 36, pp. 5214-5228; Wu, J.T., Leung, K., Leung, G.M., Nowcasting and forecasting the potential domestic and international spread of the 2019-nCoV outbreak originating in Wuhan, China: a modelling study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 689-697. , 32014114; Li, R., Pei, S., Chen, B., Song, Y., Zhang, T., Yang, W., Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 489-493. , 32179701; Kucharski, A.J., Russell, T.W., Diamond, C., Liu, Y., Edmunds, J., Funk, S., Early dynamics of transmission and control of COVID-19: a mathematical modelling study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 553-558. , 32171059; Du, Z., Wang, L., Cauchemez, S., Xu, X., Wang, X., Cowling, B.J., Risk for transportation of coronavirus disease from Wuhan to other cities in China (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26, p. 1049. , 32053479; Li, M.T., Sun, G.Q., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Pei, X., Li, L., Analysis of COVID-19 transmission in Shanxi Province with discrete time imported cases (2020) Math Biosci Eng, 17, p. 3710; Koo, J.R., Cook, A.R., Park, M., Sun, Y., Sun, H., Lim, J.T., Interventions to mitigate early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore: a modelling study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 678-688. , 32213332; Ferguson, N., Laydon, D., Nedjati-Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M., (2020) Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) to Reduce COVID-19 Mortality and Healthcare Demand, , 32270376, Imperial College London COVID-19 Reports; Tian, H., Liu, Y., Li, Y., Wu, C.H., Chen, B., Kraemer, M.U., An investigation of transmission control measures during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 epidemic in China (2020) Science, 368, pp. 638-642. , 32234804; Flaxman, S., Mishra, S., Gandy, A., Unwin, H.J.T., Coupland, H., Mellan, T.A., Estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in European countries: technical description update (2020) arXiv preprint arXiv:200411342; Prem, K., Liu, Y., Russell, T.W., Kucharski, A.J., Eggo, R.M., Davies, N., The effect of control strategies to reduce social mixing on outcomes of the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China: a modelling study (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5, pp. E261-E270. , 32220655; Ionides, E.L., Bretó, C., King, A.A., Inference for nonlinear dynamical systems (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 103, pp. 18438-18443. , 17121996; Cazelles, B., Chau, N., Using the Kalman filter and dynamic models to assess the changing HIV/AIDS epidemic (1997) Math Biosci, 140, pp. 131-154. , 9046772; Dureau, J., Kalogeropoulos, K., Baguelin, M., Capturing the time-varying drivers of an epidemic using stochastic dynamical systems (2013) Biostatistics, 14, pp. 541-555. , 23292757; Song, P.X., Wang, L., Zhou, Y., He, J., Zhu, B., Wang, F., An epidemiological forecast model and software assessing interventions on COVID-19 epidemic in China (2020) medRxiv, , [Epub ahead of print]; Ihme, C.O.V.I.D.H.S.U.F.T., Murray, C.J.L., Forecasting COVID-19 impact on hospital bed-days, ICU-days, ventilator-days and deaths by US state in the next 4 months (2020) medRxiv [Preprint]; Cole, S.R., Hudgens, M.G., Survival analysis in infectious disease research: describing events in time (2010) AIDS, 24, p. 2423. , 20827167; Wang, L., Wang, G., Gao, L., Li, X., Yu, S., Kim, M., Spatiotemporal Dynamics, Nowcasting and Forecasting of COVID-19 in the United States (2020) arXiv [Preprint]; Leatherdale, S.T., Natural experiment methodology for research: a review of how different methods can support real-world research (2019) Int J Soc Res. Methodol, 22, pp. 19-35; Smith, L.M., Kaufman, J.S., Strumpf, E.C., Lévesque, L.E., Effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on clinical indicators of sexual behaviour among adolescent girls: the Ontario Grade 8 HPV Vaccine Cohort Study (2015) CMAJ, 187, pp. E74-E81. , 25487660; Cori, A., Ferguson, N.M., Fraser, C., Cauchemez, S., A new framework and software to estimate time-varying reproduction numbers during epidemics (2013) Am J Epidemiol, 178, pp. 1505-1512. , 24043437; Liu, Y., Gayle, A.A., Wilder-Smith, A., Rocklöv, J., The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus (2020) J. Travel Med, 27, p. taaa021. , 32052846; Pan, A., Liu, L., Wang, C., Guo, H., Hao, X., Wang, Q., Association of public health interventions with the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1915-1923. , 32275295; Hartley, D.M., Perencevich, E.N., Public health interventions for COVID-19: emerging evidence and implications for an evolving public health crisis (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1908-1909. , 32275299; Maier, B.F., Brockmann, D., Effective containment explains subexponential growth in recent confirmed COVID-19 cases in China (2020) Science, 368, pp. 742-746. , 32269067; Thistlethwaite, D.L., Campbell, D.T., Regression-discontinuity analysis: An alternative to the ex post facto experiment (1960) J Educ Psychol, 51, pp. 309-317; Wang, Q., Xie, S., Wang, Y., Zeng, D., Survival-convolution models for predicting COVID-19 cases and assessing effects of mitigation strategies (2020) medRxiv, , 32511512, [Epub ahead of print] PY - 2020 SN - 22962565 (ISSN) ST - Survival-Convolution Models for Predicting COVID-19 Cases and Assessing Effects of Mitigation Strategies T2 - Frontiers in Public Health TI - Survival-Convolution Models for Predicting COVID-19 Cases and Assessing Effects of Mitigation Strategies UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85088454587&doi=10.3389%2ffpubh.2020.00325&partnerID=40&md5=0c4f070e5ba6fb0e108733791f81d49c VL - 8 ID - 449 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Despite concerns that patients with liver transplants might be at increased risk of adverse outcomes from COVID-19 because of coexisting comorbidities and use of immunosuppressants, the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on this patient group remains unclear. We aimed to assess the clinical outcomes in these patients. Methods: In this multicentre cohort study, we collected data on patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, who were older than 18 years, who had previously received a liver transplant, and for whom data had been submitted by clinicians to one of two international registries (COVID-Hep and SECURE-Cirrhosis) at the end of the patient's disease course. Patients without a known hospitalisation status or mortality outcome were excluded. For comparison, data from a contemporaneous cohort of consecutive patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who had not received a liver transplant were collected from the electronic patient records of the Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust. We compared the cohorts with regard to several outcomes (including death, hospitalisation, intensive care unit [ICU] admission, requirement for intensive care, and need for invasive ventilation). A propensity score-matched analysis was done to test for an association between liver transplant and death. Findings: Between March 25 and June 26, 2020, data were collected for 151 adult liver transplant recipients from 18 countries (median age 60 years [IQR 47–66], 102 [68%] men, 49 [32%] women) and 627 patients who had not undergone liver transplantation (median age 73 years [44–84], 329 [52%] men, 298 [48%] women). The groups did not differ with regard to the proportion of patients hospitalised (124 [82%] patients in the liver transplant cohort vs 474 [76%] in the comparison cohort, p=0·106), or who required intensive care (47 [31%] vs 185 [30%], p=0·837). However, ICU admission (43 [28%] vs 52 [8%], p<0·0001) and invasive ventilation (30 [20%] vs 32 [5%], p<0·0001) were more frequent in the liver transplant cohort. 28 (19%) patients in the liver transplant cohort died, compared with 167 (27%) in the comparison cohort (p=0·046). In the propensity score-matched analysis (adjusting for age, sex, creatinine concentration, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and ethnicity), liver transplantation did not significantly increase the risk of death in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (absolute risk difference 1·4% [95% CI −7·7 to 10·4]). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio 1·06 [95% CI 1·01 to 1·11] per 1 year increase), serum creatinine concentration (1·57 [1·05 to 2·36] per 1 mg/dL increase), and non-liver cancer (18·30 [1·96 to 170·75]) were associated with death among liver transplant recipients. Interpretation: Liver transplantation was not independently associated with death, whereas increased age and presence of comorbidities were. Factors other than transplantation should be preferentially considered in relation to physical distancing and provision of medical care for patients with liver transplants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Funding: European Association for the Study of the Liver, US National Institutes of Health, UK National Institute for Health Research. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license AD - Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Department of Medicine, Section of Hepatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico Division of Hepatology, Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom Liver Transplant Unit, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States AU - Webb, G. J. AU - Marjot, T. AU - Cook, J. A. AU - Aloman, C. AU - Armstrong, M. J. AU - Brenner, E. J. AU - Catana, M. A. AU - Cargill, T. AU - Dhanasekaran, R. AU - García-Juárez, I. AU - Hagström, H. AU - Kennedy, J. M. AU - Marshall, A. AU - Masson, S. AU - Mercer, C. J. AU - Perumalswami, P. V. AU - Ruiz, I. AU - Thaker, S. AU - Ufere, N. N. AU - Barnes, E. AU - Barritt, A. S. Iv AU - Moon, A. M. C2 - 32866433 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30271-5 IS - 11 J2 - Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. KW - alanine aminotransferase alpha interferon anakinra aspartate aminotransferase azathioprine azithromycin beta interferon chloroquine convalescent plasma creatinine cyclosporine dexamethasone heparin hydroxychloroquine immunoglobulin lopinavir mycophenolate mofetil oseltamivir prednisolone prednisone rapamycin remdesivir ritonavir sofosbuvir tacrolimus tocilizumab adult aged Article artificial ventilation clinical outcome cohort analysis comparative study coronavirus disease 2019 ethnicity female graft recipient hospitalization human hypertension hypertransaminasemia immunosuppressive treatment intensive care unit invasive ventilation liver injury liver transplantation major clinical study male multicenter study obesity outcome assessment priority journal propensity score Betacoronavirus blood clinical trial comorbidity Coronavirus infection end stage liver disease isolation and purification middle aged pandemic procedures register risk factor survival analysis virus pneumonia Cohort Studies Coronavirus Infections Humans Intensive Care Units Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Registries Respiration, Artificial Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :25 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Webb, G.J.; Oxford Liver Unit, United Kingdom; email: gwilymwebb@nhs.net Chemicals/CAS: alanine aminotransferase, 9000-86-6, 9014-30-6; anakinra, 143090-92-0; aspartate aminotransferase, 9000-97-9; azathioprine, 446-86-6; azithromycin, 83905-01-5, 117772-70-0, 121470-24-4; chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; creatinine, 19230-81-0, 60-27-5; cyclosporine, 59865-13-3, 63798-73-2, 79217-60-0; dexamethasone, 50-02-2; heparin, 37187-54-5, 8057-48-5, 8065-01-8, 9005-48-5; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; immunoglobulin, 9007-83-4; lopinavir, 192725-17-0; mycophenolate mofetil, 116680-01-4, 128794-94-5; oseltamivir, 196618-13-0, 204255-09-4, 204255-11-8; prednisolone, 50-24-8; prednisone, 53-03-2; rapamycin, 53123-88-9; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; ritonavir, 155213-67-5; sofosbuvir, 1190307-88-0; tacrolimus, 104987-11-3; tocilizumab, 375823-41-9; Creatinine Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, T32 DK007634, UL1TR002489 Funding details: National Institute for Health Research, NIHR Funding details: European Association for the Study of the Liver, EASL, 2020RG03 Funding text 1: IR reports grants from Fondation du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and personal fees from AbbVie, both unrelated to this work. All other authors declare no competing interests. Funding text 2: The COVID-Hep.net registry is supported by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (grant number 2020RG03). This work was also supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health ( grant numbers T32 DK007634 [awarded to AMM and EJB] and UL1TR002489 ). EB is supported by the Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed in this Article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. Statistical analysis was done with support from the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). The authors wish to acknowledge all those who submitted cases to the registry ( appendix p 13 ), as well as the support of the Fondation du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal. Funding text 3: The COVID-Hep.net registry is supported by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (grant number 2020RG03). This work was also supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (grant numbers T32 DK007634 [awarded to AMM and EJB] and UL1TR002489). EB is supported by the Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed in this Article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the National Health Service, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. Statistical analysis was done with support from the Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). The authors wish to acknowledge all those who submitted cases to the registry (appendix p 13), as well as the support of the Fondation du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universit? de Montr?al. References: Watt, K.D., Pedersen, R.A., Kremers, W.K., Heimbach, J.K., Charlton, M.R., Evolution of causes and risk factors for mortality post-liver transplant: results of the NIDDK long-term follow-up study (2010) Am J Transplant, 10, pp. 1420-1427; D'Antiga, L., Coronaviruses and immunosuppressed patients: the facts during the third epidemic (2020) Liver Transpl, 26, pp. 832-834; Wynants, L., Van Calster, B., Collins, G.S., Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19 infection: systematic review and critical appraisal (2020) BMJ, 369; Boettler, T., Newsome, P.N., Mondelli, M.U., Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper (2020) JHEP Rep, 2; Bhoori, S., Rossi, R.E., Citterio, D., Mazzaferro, V., COVID-19 in long-term liver transplant patients: preliminary experience from an Italian transplant centre in Lombardy (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, pp. 532-533; Pereira, M.R., Mohan, S., Cohen, D.J., COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: initial report from the US epicenter (2020) Am J Transplant, 20, pp. 1800-1808; Lee, B.T., Perumalswami, P.V., Im, G.Y., Florman, S., Schiano, T.D., COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients: an initial experience from the U.S. epicenter (2020) Gastroenterology, , published online May 19; Webb, G.J., Moon, A.M., Barnes, E., Barritt, A.S., Marjot, T., Determining risk factors for mortality in liver transplant patients with COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, pp. 643-644; Belli, L.S., Duvoux, C., Karam, V., COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients: preliminary data from the ELITA/ELTR registry (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, pp. 724-725; Patrono, D., Lupo, F., Canta, F., Outcome of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients: a preliminary report from northwestern Italy (2020) Transpl Infect Dis, , published online June 5; Harris, P.A., Taylor, R., Minor, B.L., The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners (2019) J Biomed Inform, 95; Phipps, M.M., Barraza, L.H., LaSota, E.D., Acute liver injury in COVID-19: prevalence and association with clinical outcomes in a large US cohort (2020) Hepatology, , published online May 30; Hoste, E.A., Clermont, G., Kersten, A., RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury are associated with hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort analysis (2006) Crit Care, 10, p. R73; Collins, G.S., Altman, D.G., An independent and external validation of QRISK2 cardiovascular disease risk score: a prospective open cohort study (2010) BMJ, 340; Garrido, M.M., Kelley, A.S., Paris, J., Methods for constructing and assessing propensity scores (2014) Health Serv Res, 49, pp. 1701-1720; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94, pp. 91-95; Williamson, E., Walker, A.J., Bhaskaran, K.J., OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients (2020) medRxiv, , published online May 7. (preprint); Seyam, M., Neuberger, J.M., Gunson, B.K., Hübscher, S.G., Cirrhosis after orthotopic liver transplantation in the absence of primary disease recurrence (2007) Liver Transpl, 13, pp. 966-974 PY - 2020 SN - 24681253 (ISSN) SP - 1008-1016 ST - Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients: an international registry study T2 - The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology TI - Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients: an international registry study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090482151&doi=10.1016%2fS2468-1253%2820%2930271-5&partnerID=40&md5=57476f7d3bf142700524119eb22d1989 VL - 5 ID - 309 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Webb, G. J. AU - Moon, A. M. AU - Barnes, E. AU - Barritt, A. S. AU - Marjot, T. C2 - 32339474 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2468-1253(20)30125-4 IS - 7 J2 - Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. KW - albumin bilirubin creatinine mycophenolate mofetil prednisolone rapamycin tacrolimus adult aged chronic liver disease clinical article cohort analysis coronavirus disease 2019 diabetes mellitus disease severity female human hypertension immunosuppressive treatment Letter liver graft liver transplantation male middle aged mortality priority journal prothrombin time respiratory failure risk factor Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection Italy pandemic virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :43 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Chemicals/CAS: bilirubin, 18422-02-1, 635-65-4; creatinine, 19230-81-0, 60-27-5; mycophenolate mofetil, 116680-01-4, 128794-94-5; prednisolone, 50-24-8; rapamycin, 53123-88-9; tacrolimus, 104987-11-3 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, T32 DK007634 Funding text 1: We declare no competing interests. We acknowledge the work of all the other members of COVID-Hep and SECURE Cirrhosis, and those who have already submitted data ( appendix ). This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health ( T32 DK007634 ). Funding text 2: We declare no competing interests. We acknowledge the work of all the other members of COVID-Hep and SECURE Cirrhosis, and those who have already submitted data (appendix). This work was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (T32 DK007634). References: Bhoori, S., Rossi, R.E., Citterio, D., Mazzaferro, V., COVID-19 in long-term liver transplant patients: preliminary experience from an Italian transplant centre in Lombardy (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, , published online April 9; Zhang, C., Shi, L., Wang, F.-S., Liver injury in COVID-19: management and challenges (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, pp. 428-430 PY - 2020 SN - 24681253 (ISSN) SP - 643-644 ST - Determining risk factors for mortality in liver transplant patients with COVID-19 T2 - The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology TI - Determining risk factors for mortality in liver transplant patients with COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083855156&doi=10.1016%2fS2468-1253%2820%2930125-4&partnerID=40&md5=4e0179f278901964db5cdbd19ceec7ba VL - 5 ID - 474 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Broadly protective vaccines against known and preemergent human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are urgently needed. To gain a deeper understanding of cross-neutralizing antibody responses, we mined the memory B cell repertoire of a convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) donor and identified 200 SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binding antibodies that target multiple conserved sites on the spike (S) protein. A large proportion of the non-neutralizing antibodies display high levels of somatic hypermutation and cross-react with circulating HCoVs, suggesting recall of preexisting memory B cells elicited by prior HCoV infections. Several antibodies potently cross-neutralize SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and the bat SARS-like virus WIV1 by blocking receptor attachment and inducing S1 shedding. These antibodies represent promising candidates for therapeutic intervention and reveal a target for the rational design of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines. © 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. AD - Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10462, United States Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, United States Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037, United States Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Wec, A. Z. AU - Wrapp, D. AU - Herbert, A. S. AU - Maurer, D. P. AU - Haslwanter, D. AU - Sakharkar, M. AU - Jangra, R. K. AU - Eugenia Dieterle, M. AU - Lilov, A. AU - Huang, D. AU - Tse, L. V. AU - Johnson, N. V. AU - Hsieh, C. L. AU - Wang, N. AU - Nett, J. H. AU - Champney, E. AU - Burnina, I. AU - Brown, M. AU - Lin, S. AU - Sinclair, M. AU - Johnson, C. AU - Pudi, S. AU - Bortz, R., III AU - Wirchnianski, A. S. AU - Laudermilch, E. AU - Florez, C. AU - Maximilian Fels, J. AU - O'Brien, C. M. AU - Graham, B. S. AU - Nemazee, D. AU - Burton, D. R. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Voss, J. E. AU - Chandran, K. AU - Dye, J. M. AU - McLellan, J. S. AU - Walker, L. M. C2 - 32540900 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/science.abc7424 IS - 6504 J2 - Sci. KW - monoclonal antibody virus spike protein angiotensin converting enzyme 2 coronavirus receptors coronavirus spike glycoprotein dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase epitope spike glycoprotein, human coronavirus (HCV) spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody virus receptor antibody cell component neutralization severe acute respiratory syndrome vaccine virus adult antibody response Article binding affinity controlled study Coronaviridae cross reaction drug effect embryo epitope mapping human human cell Human coronavirus 229E Human coronavirus HKU1 Human coronavirus NL63 Human coronavirus OC43 memory cell nonhuman peripheral blood mononuclear cell priority journal SARS coronavirus SARS-related coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 somatic hypermutation virus neutralization virus shedding aged antibody affinity B lymphocyte subpopulation Betacoronavirus binding site chemistry female immunological memory immunology male metabolism middle aged protein domain serodiagnosis young adult Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Viral B-Lymphocyte Subsets Binding Sites Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Cross Reactions Epitopes Humans Immunologic Memory Neutralization Tests Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Protein Domains Receptors, Virus SARS Virus Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :100 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SCIEA Correspondence Address: Walker, L.M.; Adimab LLCUnited States; email: laura.walker@adimab.com Chemicals/CAS: dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, 9015-82-1; angiotensin converting enzyme 2; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Viral; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies; coronavirus receptors; Epitopes; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Receptors, Virus; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike glycoprotein, human coronavirus (HCV); spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, R01-AI127521, R01AI073148, R01AI132317, U19 AI142777 Funding details: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, BMGF, OPP 1183956 Funding text 1: This work was funded in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH)-NIAID grants awarded to J.S.M. (R01-AI127521) and K.C. (U19 AI142777). D.Hu. and J.E.V. were supported by R01AI132317 and R01AI073148 (to D.N.). J.E.V. was also supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP 1183956 to J.E.V.). References: Wu, F., (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269; Li, F., (2016) Annu. Rev. Virol, 3, pp. 237-261; Walls, A. C., (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 114-117; Tortorici, M. A., Veesler, D., (2019) Adv. Virus Res, 105, pp. 93-116; Wrapp, D., (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Song, W., Gui, M., Wang, X., Xiang, Y., (2018) PLOS Pathog, 14, p. e1007236; Lan, J., (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220; Hoffmann, M., (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280. , e8; Wang, Q., (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 894-904. , e9; Li, F., (2015) J. Virol, 89, pp. 1954-1964; Jiang, S., Hillyer, C., Du, L., (2020) Trends Immunol, 41, pp. 355-359; Ou, X., (2020) Nat. Commun, 11, p. 1620; Lv, H., (2020) Cell Rep, 31, p. 107725; Gilman, M. S., (2016) Sci. Immunol, 1, p. eaaj1879; Yuan, M., (2020) Science, 368, pp. 630-633; Menachery, V. D., (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 113, pp. 3048-3053; Walls, A. C., (2019) Cell, 176, pp. 1026-1039. , e15; Pallesen, J., (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 114, pp. E7348-E7357; Correia, B. E., (2014) Nature, 507, pp. 201-206 PY - 2020 SN - 00368075 (ISSN) SP - 731-736 ST - Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies T2 - Science TI - Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087044294&doi=10.1126%2fscience.abc7424&partnerID=40&md5=5dfd4df9b66ce10bd4f98fc3d8e003d5 VL - 369 ID - 414 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Medstar Heart and Vascular Institute, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, United States Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Weill Cornell Medicine–New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States AU - Weissman, G. AU - Arrighi, J. A. AU - Botkin, N. F. AU - Damp, J. B. AU - Keating, F. K. AU - Menon, V. AU - Rose-Jones, L. J. AU - Singh, H. S. AU - Soukoulis, V. AU - Kates, A. M. C2 - 32561406 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.026 IS - 7 J2 - J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. KW - COVID-19 medical education training Article cardiovascular disease clinical competence coronavirus disease 2019 curriculum education program environmental factor heart volume human pandemic policy practice guideline prevalence priority journal responsibility stress wellbeing Betacoronavirus cardiology cardiology service Coronavirus infection education infection control organization organization and management problem based learning procedures videoconferencing virus pneumonia Cardiology Service, Hospital Cardiovascular Diseases Coronavirus Infections Education, Distance Humans Organizational Innovation Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Problem-Based Learning LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JACCD Correspondence Address: Weissman, G.; Medstar Heart and Vascular Institute, Room 1F-1221, 110 Irving Street NW, United States; email: Gaby.weissman@medstar.net References: ACGME Response to Pandemic Crisis https://acgme.org/covid-19, Available at: (Accessed 13 May 2020); The Milestones Guidebook https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/MilestonesGuidebook.pdf, https://www.abim.org/certification/policies/general/special-training-policies.aspx Available at: (Accessed 13 May 2020); Special Training Policies https://www.abim.org/certification/policies/general/special-training-policies.aspx, Available at: (Accessed 13 May 2020); Halperin, J.L., Williams, E.S., Fuster, V., COCATS 4 introduction (2015) J Am Coll Cardiol, 65, pp. 1724-1733; Almarzooq, Z., Lopes, M., Kochar, A., Virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a disruptive technology in graduate medical education (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol, 75, pp. 2635-2638; Harrington, R.A., Barac, A., Brush, J.E., Jr., COCATS 4 task force 15: training in cardiovascular research and scholarly activity (2015) J Am Coll Cardiol, 65, pp. 1899-1906 PY - 2020 SN - 07351097 (ISSN) SP - 867-870 ST - The Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Training Programs: Challenges, Responsibilities, and Opportunities T2 - Journal of the American College of Cardiology TI - The Impact of COVID-19 on Cardiovascular Training Programs: Challenges, Responsibilities, and Opportunities UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089014876&doi=10.1016%2fj.jacc.2020.06.026&partnerID=40&md5=43f695e258c3d8e49b76e899f87f184a VL - 76 ID - 408 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Epidemiology, Unc, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Netherlands AU - Westreich, D. AU - Edwards, J. K. AU - Van Smeden, M. C2 - 33065610 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/EDE.0000000000001259 J2 - Epidemiology KW - human pandemic risk factor COVID-19 Humans Pandemics Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: EPIDE References: Williamson, E.J., Walker, A.J., Bhaskaran, K., Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY (2020) Nature., 584, pp. 430-436; Huitfeldt, A., Is caviar a risk factor for being a millionaire? (2016) BMJ., 355, p. i6536; Westreich, D., Greenland, S., The table 2 fallacy: Presenting and interpreting confounder and modifier coefficients (2013) Am J Epidemiol., 177, pp. 292-298; Wynants, L., Van Calster, B., Collins, G.S., Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19 infection: Systematic review and critical appraisal (2020) BMJ., 369, p. m1328; https://twitter.com/EricTopol/status/1280852668261363714, Eric Topol. Twitter.com Accessed 11 September 2020; https://twitter.com/bengoldacre/status/1280938299503316992, Ben Goldacre. Twitter.com Accessed 11 September 2020UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097112581&doi=10.1097%2fEDE.0000000000001259&partnerID=40&md5=3e312390ea37313a764839b980195518 PY - 2020 SN - 10443983 (ISSN) SP - E1-E2 ST - Comment on Williamson et al. (OpenSAFELY): The Table 2 Fallacy in a Study of COVID-19 Mortality Risk Factors T2 - Epidemiology TI - Comment on Williamson et al. (OpenSAFELY): The Table 2 Fallacy in a Study of COVID-19 Mortality Risk Factors ID - 539 ER - TY - JOUR AD - From the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillNC AU - White, C. A. AU - Guido, P. AU - Young, L. AU - Cardillo, S. C2 - 33471685 DB - Scopus DO - 10.4158/EP-2020-0365 IS - 8 J2 - Endocr Pract KW - curriculum human medical education pandemic COVID-19 Fellowships and Scholarships Humans Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 1530891X (ISSN) SP - 926-928 ST - Redesigning Fellowship Curriculum Amidst The Covid-19 Pandemic: Our Shared Experiences T2 - Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists TI - Redesigning Fellowship Curriculum Amidst The Covid-19 Pandemic: Our Shared Experiences UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100226092&doi=10.4158%2fEP-2020-0365&partnerID=40&md5=88da0c03e31e56a59bbefa5c93d97716 VL - 26 ID - 417 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, United States Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States UNC, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Maternal & Child Health, 401 Rosenau Hall, 135 Dauer Dr, CB#7445, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7445, United States AU - Williams, C. R. AU - Kestenbaum, J. G. AU - Meier, B. M. C2 - 33119409 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305952 IS - 12 J2 - Am. J. Public Health KW - epidemiology human human rights pandemic politics public health World Health Organization COVID-19 Humans Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJPEA References: Gruskin, S, Ahmed, S, Bogecho, D, Human rights in health systems frameworks: what is there, what is missing and why does it matter? (2012) Glob Public Health, 7 (4), pp. 337-351. , https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2011.651733; Moon, S, Szlezák, NA, Michaud, CM, The global health system: lessons for a stronger institutional framework (2010) PLoS Med, 7 (1), p. e1000193. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000193; Meier, BM, Gostin, LO., Framing human rights in global health governance (2018) Human Rights in Global Health: Rights-Based Governance for a Globalizing World, pp. 63-85. , https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672676.003.0004, Meier BM, Gostin LO. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Allen, CE., World health and world politics (1950) Int Organ, 4 (1), pp. 27-43. , https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300028630; (2005) International Health Regulations, , https://www.who.int/healthtopics/international-health-regulations#tab=tab_1, World Health Organization. Accessed September 4, 2020; Rovira Kaltwasser, C, Taggart, PA, Ochoa Espejo, P, Ostiguy, P, (2017) The Oxford Handbook of Populism, , https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198803560.001.0001, eds. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; Gostin, LO, Constantin, A, Meier, BM., Global health & human rights in the age of populism (2020) Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights, pp. 439-458. , Gostin LO, Meier BM, eds. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; Greer, SL, King, EJ, da Fonseca, EM, Peralta-Santos, A., The comparative politics of COVID-19: the need to understand government responses (2020) Glob Public Health, 15 (9), pp. 1413-1416. , https://doi.org/1080/17441692.2020.1783340; Korolczuk, E, Graff, A., Gender as “Ebola from Brussels”: the anticolonial frame and the rise of illiberal populism (2018) Signs J Women Cult Soc, 43 (4), pp. 797-821. , https://doi.org/10.1086/696691; Cooper, L, Aitchison, G., (2020) The dangers ahead: COVID-19, authoritarianism and democracy, , http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/105103/4/dangers_ahead.pdf, Accessed September 4, 2020; Wilson, K, Halabi, S, Gostin, LO., The International Health Regulations (2005), the threat of populism and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Global Health, 16 (70), pp. 1-4; Parmet, WE, Paul, J., COVID-19: the first posttruth pandemic (2020) Am J Public Health, 110 (7), pp. 945-946. , https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305721; Ibarra-Nava, I, Cárdenas-de la Garza, JA, Ruiz-Lozano, RE, Salazar-Montalvo, RG., Mexico and the COVID-19 response (2020) Disaster Med Public Health Prep, pp. 1-5. , https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2020.260, (July); Afzal, M., Pakistan teeters on the edge of potential disaster with the coronavirus, , https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/03/27/pakistan-teeters-on-the-edge-of-potential-disaster-with-the-coronavirus, Accessed March 27, 2020; Simon, J., COVID-19 is spawning a global press-freedom crackdown Columbia Journalism Review, , https://www.cjr.org/analysis/coronavirus-pressfreedom-crackdown.php, Accessed March 25, 2020; Stuckler, D, Reeves, A, Loopstra, R, Karanikolos, M, Mckee, M., Austerity and health: the impact in the UK and Europe (2012) Eur J Public Health, 2017 (27), pp. 18-21. , https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckx167; Alston, P., (2020) The parlous state of poverty eradication: report of the special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, , https://chrgj.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Alston-Poverty-Report-FINAL.pdf, Accessed September 4, 2020; Ecuador: austerity measures in the face of COVID-19 could lead to social instability and affect human rights, , https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/04/ecuador-covid19-austeridad-podria-afectar-derechoshumanos, Amnesty International. Accessed April 28, 2020; COVID-19: Brazil's irresponsible economic and social policies put millions of lives at risk, UN experts say, , https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25842&LangID=E, United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. Accessed April 29, 2020; Clark, AD, Nickels, AE., Doubling down on austerity: framing and coronavirus response (2020) Adm Theory Prax, , https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10841806.2020.1771905, June 4, Accessed September 4, 2020; Abazi, V., Truth distancing? Whistle-blowing as remedy to censorship during COVID-19 (2020) Eur J Risk Regul, 11 (2), pp. 375-381. , https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2020.49; Li, Y, Galea, S., Racism and the COVID-19 epidemic: recommendations for health care workers (2020) Am J Public Health, 110 (7), pp. 956-957. , https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305698; (2020) Poland: crackdown on LGBT activists, , https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/08/07/poland-crackdownlgbt-activists#, Human Rights Watch, Accessed August 7, 2020; Green A., Green A., Li Wenliang (2020) Lancet, 395 (10225), p. 682. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30382-2; Phillips, D., Bolsonaro fires popular health minister after dispute over coronavirus response The Guardian, , https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/16/bolsonaro-brazilpresident-luiz-mandetta-health-minister, Accessed April 16, 2020; Puras, D, Mesquita, JB, Cabal, L, Maleche, A, Meier, BM., The right to health must guide responses to COVID-19 (2020) Lancet, 395 (10241), pp. 1888-1890. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31255-1; Devi, S., Travel restrictions hampering COVID-19 response (2020) Lancet, 395 (10233), pp. 1331-1332. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30967-3; Bueno de Mesquita, J, Meier, BM., Moving towards global solidarity for global health through multilateral governance in the COVID-19 response (2020) COVID-19, Law and Human Rights: Essex Dialogues, pp. 31-40. , Ferstman C, Fagan A, eds., Colchester, UK: University of Essex; Mann, J, Tarantola, DJM, Netter, TW, (1992) AIDS in the World, , eds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Yamin, AE, Habibi, R., Human rights and coronavirus: what's at stake for truth, trust, and democracy? Health and Human Rights Journal, , https://www.hhrjournal.org/2020/03/human-rights-and-coronavirus-whats-at-stake-for-truth-trust-and-democracy, March 1, 2020. Accessed March 2, 2020; Gostin, LO, Habibi, R, Meier, BM., Has global health law risen to meet the COVID-19 challenge? Revisiting the International Health Regulations to prepare for future threats (2020) J Law Med Ethics, 48 (2), pp. 376-381. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110520935354 PY - 2020 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) SP - 1766-1768 ST - Populist nationalism threatens health and human rights in the covid-19 response T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Populist nationalism threatens health and human rights in the covid-19 response UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096152619&doi=10.2105%2fAJPH.2020.305952&partnerID=40&md5=b64534c59f2aad8530e9fbc6e004ccf0 VL - 110 ID - 265 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Williams, F. N. AU - Nizamani, R. AU - Chrisco, L. AU - King, B. T. C2 - 32609342 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/jbcr/iraa112 IS - 5 J2 - J. Burn Care Res. KW - burn burn patient burn unit childhood injury coronavirus disease 2019 flame hospital admission hospital volume human Letter pandemic pediatric patient scald summer winter Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection public health virus pneumonia Burn Units Burns Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: King, B.T.; Department of Surgery, United States; email: booker_king@med.unc.edu References: Gostin, LO, Wiley, LF., Governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic: stay-at-home orders, business closures, and travel restrictions (2020) JAMA, , Published online April 2 PY - 2020 SN - 1559047X (ISSN) SP - 1128 ST - Increased burn center admissions during COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Journal of Burn Care and Research TI - Increased burn center admissions during COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091594453&doi=10.1093%2fjbcr%2firaa112&partnerID=40&md5=5a63f1e732c1d3a525f8fc1e87f7ac8d VL - 41 ID - 550 ER - TY - JOUR AB - What is already known about this topic? Before August 2020, minimal data were available about outbreaks and disease transmission in institutes of higher education within the United States. What is added by this report? A North Carolina university experienced a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases and clusters within 2 weeks of opening the campus to students. Student gatherings and congregate living settings, both on and off campus, likely contributed to the rapid spread of COVID-19 in this setting. What are the implications for public health practice? Enhanced measures are needed to reduce transmission at institutes of higher education and could include reducing on-campus housing density, ensuring adherence to masking and other mitigation strategies, increasing testing for SARS-CoV-2, and discouraging student gatherings. © 2020 Department of Health and Human Services. All rights reserved. AD - North Carolina Division of Public Health, United States Epidemic Intelligence Service, CDC, United States Orange County Health Department, Hillsborough, NC, United States Campus Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, United States CDC COVID-19 Response Team, United States University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Wilson, E. AU - Donovan, C. V. AU - Campbell, M. AU - Chai, T. AU - Pittman, K. AU - Seña, A. C. AU - Pettifor, A. AU - Weber, D. J. AU - Mallick, A. AU - Cope, A. AU - Porterfield, D. S. AU - Pettigrew, E. AU - Moore, Z. C2 - 33001871 DB - Scopus DO - 10.15585/mmwr.mm6939e3 IS - 39 J2 - Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. KW - adolescent adult Coronavirus infection demography epidemic female human male middle aged North Carolina pandemic psychology social behavior student university virus pneumonia young adult Coronavirus Infections Disease Outbreaks Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Residence Characteristics Students Universities LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :14 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Donovan, C.V.; North Carolina Division of Public HealthUnited States; email: catherine.donovan@dhhs.nc.gov References: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): interim considerations for institutions of higher education administrators for SARS-CoV-2 testing, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/colleges-universities/ihe-testing.html, CDC. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; June 30, 2020; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): considerations for institutions of higher education, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/colleges-universities/considerations.html, CDC. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; May 30, 2020; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): people at increased risk, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/, CDC. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2020; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): 2020 interim case definition, , https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/case-definition/2020/08/05/, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; May 30, 2020; Walke, HT, Honein, MA, Redfield, RR., Preventing and responding to COVID-19 on college campuses JAMA 2020, , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.20027, Epub September 29, 2020; Boehmer, TK, DeVies, J, Caruso, E, Changing age distribution of the COVID-19 pandemic—United States, May–August 2020 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69. , https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6939e1, 2020;: Epub September 23, 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 01492195 (ISSN) SP - 1416-1418 ST - Multiple COVID-19 clusters on a university campus — North Carolina, August 2020 T2 - Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report TI - Multiple COVID-19 clusters on a university campus — North Carolina, August 2020 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092157400&doi=10.15585%2fmmwr.mm6939e3&partnerID=40&md5=2998f7c40f50dd3aa728997c0937511b VL - 69 ID - 330 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel HillNC, United States Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNY, United States Department of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillNC, United States AU - Windsor, J. W. AU - Underwood, F. E. AU - Brenner, E. AU - Colombel, J. F. AU - Kappelman, M. D. AU - Ungaro, R. AU - Zhang, X. AU - Kaplan, G. G. C2 - 33156119 DB - Scopus DO - 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000953 IS - 11 J2 - Am J Gastroenterol KW - Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection human inflammatory bowel disease pandemic register virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Data Visualization Humans Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Registries LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 15720241 (ISSN) SP - 1923-1924 ST - Data Visualization in the Era of COVID-19: An Interactive Map of the SECURE-IBD Registry T2 - The American journal of gastroenterology TI - Data Visualization in the Era of COVID-19: An Interactive Map of the SECURE-IBD Registry UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095861443&doi=10.14309%2fajg.0000000000000953&partnerID=40&md5=3f8fa9f5deaf065e5b167c953d2cf39b VL - 115 ID - 299 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that emerged in late 2019. Patients with cancer, and especially those with hematologic malignancies, may be at especially high risk of adverse outcomes, including mortality resulting from COVID-19 infection. The ASH Research Collaborative COVID-19 Registry for Hematology was developed to study features and outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with underlying blood disorders, such as hematologic malignancies. At the time of this report, data from 250 patients with blood cancers from 74 sites around the world had been entered into the registry. The most commonly represented malignancies were acute leukemia (33%), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (27%), and myeloma or amyloidosis (16%). Patients presented with a myriad of symptoms, most frequently fever (73%), cough (67%), dyspnea (50%), and fatigue (40%). Use of COVID-19-directed therapies, such as hydroxychloroquine (n 5 76) or azithromycin (n 5 59), was common. Overall mortality was 28%. Patients with a physician-estimated prognosis from the underlying hematologic malignancy of,12 months at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis and those with relapsed/refractory disease experienced a higher proportion of moderate/ severe COVID-19 disease and death. In some instances, death occurred after a decision was made to forgo intensive care unit admission in favor of a palliative approach. Taken together, these data support the emerging consensus that patients with hematologic malignancies experience significant morbidity and mortality resulting from COVID-19 infection. Batch submissions from sites with high incidence of COVID-19 infection are planned to support future analyses. © 2020 by The American Society of Hematology AD - Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States ASH Research Collaborative, Washington, DC, United States Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States Leukemia Program, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States British Columbia Cancer Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States Lung Cancer Program, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada AU - Wood, W. A. AU - Neuberg, D. S. AU - Colton Thompson, J. AU - Tallman, M. S. AU - Sekeres, M. A. AU - Sehn, L. H. AU - Anderson, K. C. AU - Goldberg, A. D. AU - Pennell, N. A. AU - Niemeyer, C. M. AU - Tucker, E. AU - Hewitt, K. AU - Plovnick, R. M. AU - Hicks, L. K. C2 - 33278301 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003170 IS - 23 J2 - Blood Adv. KW - azithromycin chloroquine convalescent plasma favipiravir hydroxychloroquine immunoglobulin lopinavir plus ritonavir remdesivir tocilizumab acute leukemia adult aged amyloidosis cancer prognosis cancer registry clinical decision making cohort analysis Conference Paper controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 coughing disease severity drug use dyspnea fatigue female fever hematologic malignancy hospital admission human incidence intensive care unit major clinical study male mortality rate myeloma nonhodgkin lymphoma palliative therapy pandemic physician priority journal treatment outcome LA - English M3 - Conference Paper N1 - Cited By :7 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Wood, W.A.; Division of Hematology, 170 Manning Dr, United States; email: wawood@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: azithromycin, 83905-01-5, 117772-70-0, 121470-24-4; chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; favipiravir, 259793-96-9; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; immunoglobulin, 9007-83-4; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; tocilizumab, 375823-41-9 Funding text 1: Conflict-of-interst disclosure: D.S.N. received research support from Pharmacyclics; and holds stock in Madrigal. W.A.W. received research support from Pfizer; provided consulting for Teladoc; was an advisor for Koneksa Health and Elektra Labs; and received honoraria from the ASH Research Collaborative. L.K.H. received research support from Gilead. N.A.P. provided consulting for AstraZeneca, BMS, Merck, Genentech, Amgen, Eli Lilly, and G1 therapeutics. M.S.T. received research support from AbbVie, Cel-lerant, Orsenix, ADC Therapeutics, Biosight, Glycomimetics, Rafael Pharmaceuticals, and Amgen; served on advisory boards for Abb-Vie, BioLineRx, Daiichi-Sankyo, Orsenix, KAHR, Rigel, Nohla, Delta Fly Pharma, Tetraphase, Oncolyze, Jazz Pharma, Roche, Biosight, and Novartis; and received royalties from UpToDate. C.M.N. provided consulting for Celgene and Novartis. A.D.G. served on advisory boards for AbbVie, Aptose, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, and Genentech; received research support from AbbVie, ADC Therapeutics, Aprea, Aptose, AROG, Celularity, Daiici Sankyo, and Pfizer; and received honoraria from Dava Oncology. L.H.S. received consulting or honoraria from Roche/Genentech, AbbVie, Amgen, Apobiologix, AstraZeneca, Acerta, Celgene, Gilead, Janssen, Kite Karyopharm, Lundbeck, Merck, Morphosys, Seattle Genetics, Teva, Takeda, TG Therapeutics, and Verastem. The remaining authors declare no competing financial interests. References: WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020, , https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19-11-march-2020, World Health Organization. Accessed 23 September 2020; Wiersinga, WJ, Rhodes, A, Cheng, AC, Peacock, SJ, Prescott, HC., Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review (2020) JAMA, 324 (8), pp. 782-793; Wang, H, Zhang, L., Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21 (4), p. e181; Fontana, L, Strasfeld, L., Respiratory virus infections of the stem cell transplant recipient and the hematologic malignancy patient (2019) Infect Dis Clin North Am, 33 (2), pp. 523-544; Connors, JM, Levy, JH., COVID-19 and its implications for thrombosis and anticoagulation (2020) Blood, 135 (23), pp. 2033-2040; Lee, AYY, Levine, MN., Venous thromboembolism and cancer: risks and outcomes (2003) Circulation, 107 (23suppl 1), pp. I17-I21; ASH Research Collaborative COVID-19 Registry for Hematology, , https://www.ashresearchcollaborative.org/s/covid-19-registry, ASH Research Collaborative. Accessed 23 September 2020; Passamonti, F, Cattaneo, C, Arcaini, L, Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study [published online ahead of print 13 August 2020] Lancet Haematol, , ITA-HEMA-COV Investigators; Kuderer, NM, Choueiri, TK, Shah, DP, Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort study [published correction appears in Lancet. 2020;396(10253):758] Lancet, 395 (10241), pp. 1907-1918. , COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium. 2020; Lee, LYW, Cazier, JB, Angelis, V, COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10241), pp. 1919-1926. , UK Coronavirus Monitoring Project Team; Yang, K, Sheng, Y, Huang, C, Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21 (7), pp. 904-913; Garassino, MC, Whisenant, JG, Huang, L-C, COVID-19 in patients with thoracic malignancies (TERAVOLT): first results of an international, registry-based, cohort study (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21 (7), pp. 914-922. , TERAVOLT investigators; Cook, G, John Ashcroft, A, Pratt, G, Real-world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19 disease) in patients with multiple myeloma receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy (2020) Br J Haematol, 190 (2), pp. e83-e86. , United Kingdom Myeloma Forum; Benoit, DD, Vandewoude, KH, Decruyenaere, JM, Hoste, EA, Colardyn, FA., Outcome and early prognostic indicators in patients with a hematologic malignancy admitted to the intensive care unit for a life-threatening complication (2003) Crit Care Med, 31 (1), pp. 104-112; Soares, M, Fontes, F, Dantas, J, Performance of six severity-of-illness scores in cancer patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit: a prospective observational study (2004) Crit Care, 8 (4), pp. R194-R203; Owczuk, R, Wujtewicz, MA, Sawicka, W, Wadrzyk, A, Wujtewicz, M., Patients with haematological malignancies requiring invasive mechanical ventilation: differences between survivors and non-survivors in intensive care unit (2005) Support Care Cancer, 13 (5), pp. 332-338; Liu, J, Cheng, Q, Yang, Q, Prognosis-related factors in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with hematological malignancies: A retrospective cohort analysis in a Chinese population (2015) Hematology, 20 (9), pp. 494-503; Phua, J, Weng, L, Ling, L, Intensive care management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): challenges and recommendations [published correction appears in Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5):e42] Lancet Respir Med, 8 (5), pp. 506-517. , Asian Critical Care Clinical Trials Group. 2020; Vergano, M, Bertolini, G, Giannini, A, Clinical ethics recommendations for the allocation of intensive care treatments in exceptional, resource-limited circumstances: the Italian perspective during the COVID-19 epidemic (2020) Crit Care, 24 (1), p. 165; Steensma, DP, Brunner, AM, DeZern, AE, Low clinical trial accrual of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: causes and potential solutions (2018) Cancer, 124 (24), pp. 4601-4609; Moses, HL, Mendelsohn, J, (2010) A National Cancer Clinical Trials System for the 21st Century: Reinvigorating the NCI Cooperative Group Program, , Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Care Services, Committee on Cancer Clinical Trials and the NCI Cooperative Group Program Nass SJ, eds. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; Ray, WA, Murray, KT, Hall, K, Arbogast, PG, Stein, CM., Azithromycin and the risk of cardiovascular death (2012) N Engl J Med, 366 (20), pp. 1881-1890; van Leeuwen, RWF, Jansman, FGA, van den Bemt, PMLA, Drug-drug interactions in patients treated for cancer: a prospective study on clinical interventions (2015) Ann Oncol, 26 (5), pp. 992-997; Riechelmann, RP, Moreira, F, Smaletz, O, Saad, ED., Potential for drug interactions in hospitalized cancer patients (2005) Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 56 (3), pp. 286-290; Rivera, DR, Peters, S, Panagiotou, OA, Utilization of COVID-19 treatments and clinical outcomes among patients with cancer: A COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) cohort study [published online ahead of print 22 July 2020] Cancer Discov, , COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium; Zeidan, AM, Boddu, PC, Patnaik, MM, Special considerations in the management of adult patients with acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms in the COVID-19 era: recommendations from a panel of international experts (2020) Lancet Haematol, 7 (8), pp. e601-e612 PY - 2020 SN - 24739529 (ISSN) SP - 5966-5975 ST - Outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19: A report from the ASH Research Collaborative Data Hub T2 - Blood Advances TI - Outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19: A report from the ASH Research Collaborative Data Hub UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098050469&doi=10.1182%2fbloodadvances.2020003170&partnerID=40&md5=cc23c5191e39b30b202de610aeb93ed9 VL - 4 ID - 242 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the recent global COVID-19 outbreak, which led to a public health emergency. Entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells is dependent on the SARS-CoV receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, and cathepsin. Cathepsin degrades the spike protein (S protein), which results in the entry of viral nucleic acid into the human host cell. Methods: We explored the susceptibility of the central nervous system (CNS) to SARS-CoV-2 infection using single-cell transcriptome analysis of glioblastoma. Results: The results showed that ACE2 expression is relatively high in endothelial cells (ECs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and neural precursor cells (NPCs). Cathepsin B (Cat B) and cathepsin (Cat L) were also strongly expressed in various cell clusters within the glioblastoma microenvironment. Immunofluorescence staining of glioma and normal brain tissue chips further confirmed that ACE2 expression co-localized with CD31, CD73, and nestin, which confirmed the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 of nervous system cells, including ECs, BMSCs, and NPCs, from clinical specimens. Conclusions: These findings reveal the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 neural invasion and suggest that special attention should be paid to SARS-CoV-2–infected patients with neural symptoms, especially those who suffered a glioma. © Copyright © 2020 Wu, Wang, Wang, Zou, Hu, Ye, Hu, Xie, Huang, Lan, Cheng, Dong and Dai. AD - Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China Lab of Single Cell, Sinotech Genomics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillNC, United States Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillNC, United States Brain Tumor Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China AU - Wu, B. AU - Wang, W. AU - Wang, H. AU - Zou, Q. AU - Hu, B. AU - Ye, L. AU - Hu, Y. AU - Xie, Y. AU - Huang, N. AU - Lan, Q. AU - Cheng, H. AU - Dong, J. AU - Dai, X. C7 - 566599 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fonc.2020.566599 J2 - Front. Oncol. KW - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 central nervous system glioblastoma multiform severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 single-cell transcriptome analysis LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Cheng, H.; Department of Neurosurgery, China; email: hongwei.cheng@ahmu.edu.cn Correspondence Address: Dai, X.; Department of Neurosurgery, China; email: dxldai@163.com Correspondence Address: Dong, J.; Brain Tumor Lab, China; email: dongjun@suda.edu.cn Correspondence Address: Dai, X.; Brain Tumor Lab, China; email: dxldai@163.com Funding details: 14070 Funding details: 81702457 Funding details: National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC;NNSF;NNSFC Funding details: Science and Technology Program of Suzhou, SYS201723 Funding text 1: This study was supported by the National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (No. 81702457), China National Nuclear Corporation Youth Innovation Team Project (No. 14070) and Suzhou Science and Technology Project (No. SYS201723). References: Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8 (5); Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (8); Desforges, M., Le Coupanec, A., Dubeau, P., Bourgouin, A., Lajoie, L., Dube, M., Human Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses: Underestimated Opportunistic Pathogens of the Central Nervous System (2019) Viruses, 12 (1), p. 14. , ?; Xu, X.W., Wu, X.X., Jiang, X.G., Xu, K.J., Ying, L.J., Ma, C.L., Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series (2020) BMJ, 368, p. m606; Chen, T., Wu, D., Chen, H., Yan, W., Yang, D., Chen, G., Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: retrospective study (2020) BMJ, 368, p. m1091; Moriguchi, T., Harii, N., Goto, J., Harada, D., Sugawara, H., Takamino, J., A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2 (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94; Letko, M., Marzi, A., Munster, V., Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses (2020) Nat Microbiol, 5 (4); Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Kruger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181 (2); Hamming, I., Timens, W., Bulthuis, M.L., Lely, A.T., Navis, G., van Goor, H., Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis (2004) J Pathol, 203 (2); Dai, X., Wang, Y., Dong, X., Sheng, M., Wang, H., Shi, J., Downregulation of miRNA-146a-5p promotes malignant transformation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells by glioma stem-like cells (2020) Aging, 12 (10); Li, R., Tang, D., Zhang, J., Wu, J., Wang, L., Dong, J., The temozolomide derivative 2T-P400 inhibits glioma growth via administration route of intravenous injection (2014) J Neuro-oncol, 116 (1), pp. 25-30; Li, F., Structure, Function, and Evolution of Coronavirus Spike Proteins (2016) Annu Rev Virol, 3 (1); Gu, J., Gong, E., Zhang, B., Zheng, J., Gao, Z., Zhong, Y., Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS (2005) J Exp Med, 202 (3); McGavern, D.B., Kang, S.S., Illuminating viral infections in the nervous system (2011) Nat Rev Immunol, 11 (5); McCray, P.B., Jr., Pewe, L., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Hickey, M., Manzel, L., Shi, L., Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J Virol, 81 (2); Netland, J., Meyerholz, D.K., Moore, S., Cassell, M., Perlman, S., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 (2008) J Virol, 82 (15); Martin, L.J., Katzenelson, A., Koehler, R.C., Chang, Q., The olfactory bulb in newborn piglet is a reservoir of neural stem and progenitor cells (2013) PLoS One, 8 (11), p. e81105; Yan, C.H., Faraji, F., Prajapati, D.P., Boone, C.E., DeConde, A.S., Association of chemosensory dysfunction and Covid-19 in patients presenting with influenza-like symptoms (2020) Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 10 (7); Channappanavar, R., Perlman, S., Pathogenic human coronavirus infections: causes and consequences of cytokine storm and immunopathology (2017) Semin Immunopathol, 39 (5); Hira, V.V.V., Breznik, B., Vittori, M., Loncq de Jong, A., Mlakar, J., Oostra, R.J., Similarities Between Stem Cell Niches in Glioblastoma and Bone Marrow: Rays of Hope for Novel Treatment Strategies (2020) J Histochem Cytochem, 68 (1), pp. 33-57; Mistry, J.J., Marlein, C.R., Moore, J.A., Hellmich, C., Wojtowicz, E.E., Smith, J.G.W., ROS-mediated PI3K activation drives mitochondrial transfer from stromal cells to hematopoietic stem cells in response to infection (2019) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 116 (49); Breznik, B., Limbaeck Stokin, C., Kos, J., Khurshed, M., Hira, V.V.V., Bosnjak, R., X and K expression in peri-arteriolar glioblastoma stem cell niches (2018) J Mol Histol, 49 (5); Qian, Z., Dominguez, S.R., Holmes, K.V., Role of the spike glycoprotein of human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in virus entry and syncytia formation (2013) PLoS One, 8 (10), p. e76469; Simmons, G., Gosalia, D.N., Rennekamp, A.J., Reeves, J.D., Diamond, S.L., Bates, P., Inhibitors of cathepsin L prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102 (33); Huang, I.C., Bosch, B.J., Li, F., Li, W., Lee, K.H., Ghiran, S., SARS coronavirus, but not human coronavirus NL63, utilizes cathepsin L to infect ACE2-expressing cells (2006) J Biol Chem, 281 (6); Yu, J., Ouyang, W., Chua, M.L.K., Xie, C., SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Patients With Cancer at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Oncol, 6 (7) PY - 2020 SN - 2234943X (ISSN) ST - Single-Cell Sequencing of Glioblastoma Reveals Central Nervous System Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 T2 - Frontiers in Oncology TI - Single-Cell Sequencing of Glioblastoma Reveals Central Nervous System Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097074826&doi=10.3389%2ffonc.2020.566599&partnerID=40&md5=ce4bf417a83257ea8f8e9f6c0442a75c VL - 10 ID - 288 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Division of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Miriam Hospital, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, United States Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States Department of Social Medicine, Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Wurcel, A. G. AU - Dauria, E. AU - Zaller, N. AU - Nijhawan, A. AU - Beckwith, C. AU - Nowotny, K. AU - Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. C2 - 32221515 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/cid/ciaa346 IS - 15 J2 - Clin. Infect. Dis. KW - coronavirus disease 2019 health care policy human Letter priority journal prison Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection pandemic pathogenicity risk social distance virology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Prisons LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CIDIE Correspondence Address: Wurcel, A.G.; Department of Medicine, 800 Washington St, United States; email: awurcel@tuftsmedicalcenter.org References: (2020) Secretary Azar declares public health emergency for United States for 2019 novel coronavirus, , https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/01/31/secretary-azardeclares-public-health-emergency-us-2019-novel-coronavirus.html, US Department of Health and Human Services. [press release]. Accessed 28 March 2020; Zeng, Z., (2019) Jail inmates in 2017, , Washington, DC: US Bureau of Justice Statistics; Dumont, DM, Brockmann, B, Dickman, S, Alexander, N, Rich, JD., Public health and the epidemic of incarceration (2012) Annu Rev Public Health, 33, pp. 325-339; Maruschak, LM, Sabol, WJ, Potter, RH, Reid, LC, Cramer, EW., Pandemic influenza and jail facilities and populations (2009) Am J Public Health, 99, pp. S339-S344. , (Suppl 2); (2018) The company store: a deeper look at prison commissaries, , Prison Policy Initiative. [press release]. Easthampton, MA: Prison Policy Initiative; Maree, CL, Eells, SJ, Tan, J, Risk factors for infection and colonization with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Los Angeles County jail: a case-control study (2010) Clin Infect Dis, 51, pp. 1248-1257; Crowley, D, Van Hout, MC, Lambert, JS, Kelly, E, Murphy, C, Cullen, W., Barriers and facilitators to hepatitis C (HCV) screening and treatment-a description of prisoners' perspective (2018) Harm Reduct J, 15, p. 62; Maruschak, L, Berzofsky, M, Unangst, J., (2015) Medical problems of state and federal prisoners and jail inmates, 2011-2012, , Washington, DC: US Bureau of Justice Statistics; Meyer, CL, Tangney, JP, Stuewig, J, Moore, KE., Why do some jail inmates not engage in treatment and services? (2014) Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol, 58, pp. 914-930; Pollitt, S, Woollard, L., Barriers to access and inadequate levels of care in North Carolina jails (2019) N C Med J, 80, pp. 345-346; Rich, JD, Beckwith, CG, Macmadu, A, Clinical care of incarcerated people with HIV, viral hepatitis, or tuberculosis (2016) Lancet, 388, pp. 1103-1114; Mahbubani, R., About 50 inmates escaped from Italian prisons as the coronavirus triggered riots and brought the country's criminal-justice system to a halt Business Insider 2020, , https://www.businessinsider.com/inmates-riotescape-from-italian-prisons-amid-coronavirusrestrictions-2020-3, Accessed 28 March 2020; Sawyer, W, Wagner, P., (2019) Mass incarceration: the whole pie, , Easthampton, MA: Prison Policy Initiative; Woods, A, Using bail as ransom violates the core tenets of pretrial justice, , https://www.aclu.org/news/smart-justice/using-bail-as-ransom-violates-the-core-tenets-of-pretrial-justice/, American Civil Liberties Union. Accessed 28 March 2020 PY - 2020 SN - 10584838 (ISSN) SP - 891-892 ST - Spotlight on Jails: COVID-19 mitigation policies needed now T2 - Clinical Infectious Diseases TI - Spotlight on Jails: COVID-19 mitigation policies needed now UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083252990&doi=10.1093%2fcid%2fciaa346&partnerID=40&md5=6bd8e69a943ce924772b1fa838373c8a VL - 71 ID - 440 ER - TY - JOUR AB - COVID-19 has emerged as one of the deadliest and most disruptive events in recent human history. Drawing from political science and psychological theories, we examine the effects of daily confirmed cases in a country on citizens' support for the political leader through the first 120 d of 2020. Using three unique datasets which comprise daily approval ratings of head of government (n = 1, 411, 200) across 11 world leaders (Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and weekly approval ratings of governors across the 50 states in the United States (n = 912, 048), we find a strong and significant positive association between new daily confirmed and total confirmed COVID-19 cases in the country and support for the heads of government. These analyses show that political leaders received a boost in approval in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, these findings suggest that the previously documented "rally 'round the flag" effect applies beyond just intergroup conflict. © 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Management and Organisation, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Management and Organization, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States Department of Human Resource Management, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States Department of Business Administration, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States AU - Yam, K. C. AU - Jackson, J. C. AU - Barnes, C. M. AU - Lau, J. AU - Qin, X. AU - Lee, H. Y. C2 - 32973100 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1073/pnas.2009252117 IS - 41 J2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. KW - COVID-19 Leader support Political support Article Australia Brazil Canada controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cultural factor female France geography Germany government Hong Kong human India Japan leadership major clinical study Mexico pandemic politics priority journal social conflict social support United Kingdom United States Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection psychological theory psychology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PNASA Correspondence Address: Yam, K.C.; Department of Management and Organisation, Singapore; email: bizykc@nus.edu.sg Correspondence Address: Qin, X.; Department of Business Administration, China; email: qinxin@mail.sysu.edu.cn Funding details: Ministry of Education - Singapore, MOE, R-317-000-154-115 Funding details: National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 71502179S, 71872190 Funding text 1: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank Hong Kong Public Opinion Research Institute and Morning Consult for sharing these data with us. This research is supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Tier 1 Grant R-317-000-154-115 awarded to K.C.Y. and the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 71872190 and 71502179S awarded to X.Q. References: Kaplan, S., Thomas, K., Despite promises, testing delays leave Americans 'flying blind https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/06/health/coronavrus-testingus.html, NY Times, 6 April 2020. Accessed 30 April 2020; Kihara, L., Japan's Abe says cannot hold Olympics unless pandemic contained https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-japan-olympics/japans-abe-says-impossible-to-hold-olympics-unless-pandemic-contained-idUSKCN22B0QR, Reuters, 29 April 2020. Accessed 30 April 2020; Ip, R., The bitter pill medical workers on strike might have to swallow South China Morning Post, , https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3049473/coronavirus-outbreak-hong-kongs-medical-workers-strike-could-have, 9 February 2020. Accessed 30 April 2020; Mueller, J. E., Presidential popularity from Truman to Johnson (1970) Am. Polit. Sci. Rev, 64, pp. 18-34; Hetherington, M. J., Nelson, M., Anatomy of a rally effect: George W. Bush and the war on terrorism (2003) APSC, 36, pp. 37-42; Arena, P., Bak, D., Diversionary incentives, rally effects, and crisis bargaining (2015) Foreign Policy Anal, 11, pp. 233-250; Callaghan, K. J., Virtanen, S., Revised models of the "rally phenomenon": The case of the Carter presidency (1993) J. Polit, 55, pp. 756-764; Baker, W. D., Oneal, J. R., Patriotism or opinion leadership?: The nature and origins of the "rally 'round the flag" effect (2001) J. Conflict Resolut, 45, pp. 661-687; Jones, J. M., (2011) Obama approval rallies six points to 52% after bin Laden death, , https://news.gallup.com/poll/147437/obama-approval-ralliessix-points-bin-laden-death-aspx, Gallup.com, 5 May Accessed 30 April 2020; Jost, J. T., Hunyady, O., Antecedents and consequences of system-justifying ideologies (2005) Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci, 14, pp. 260-265; Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., Nosek, B. A., A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo (2004) Polit. Psychol, 25, pp. 881-919; van der Toorn, J., A sense of powerlessness fosters system justification: Implications for the legitimation of authority, hierarchy, and government (2015) Polit. Psychol, 36, pp. 93-110; van der Toorn, J., Nail, P. R., Liviatan, I., Jost, J. T., My country, right or wrong: Does activating system justification motivation eliminate the liberal-conservative gap in patriotism? (2014) J. Exp. Soc. Psychol, 54, pp. 50-60; Henrich, J., (2017) The Secret of Our Success: How Culture Is Driving Human Evolution, Domesticating Our Species, and Making Us Smarter, , (Princeton University Press); Gelfand, M. J., Differences between tight and loose cultures: A 33-nation study (2011) Science, 332, pp. 1100-1104 PY - 2020 SN - 00278424 (ISSN) SP - 25429-25433 ST - The rise of COVID-19 cases is associated with support for world leaders T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - The rise of COVID-19 cases is associated with support for world leaders UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092736744&doi=10.1073%2fpnas.2009252117&partnerID=40&md5=85f601e3272df53469da7ce1cfe4ce9f VL - 117 ID - 327 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced a re-design of care in radiation oncology. Perhaps more than any other disease site we commonly see, the evaluation and treatment of head and neck cancer has posed the greatest risk of COVID-19 transmission between patients and radiotherapy providers. In our early experience with the novel coronavirus, several staff members were exposed to a COVID-positive patient and this caused us to devise policies and procedures to mitigate further risk in a way that could practically be employed across a large health system while not compromising care delivery. Here, we formulate a concise summary of simple steps, including a novel thermoplastic mask fitting technique and procedures for intraoral immobilization devices, to guide practices and provide new layers of protection for both patients and staff. © 2020 The Authors AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Eden, NC, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Lenoir, NC, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Yanagihara, T. K. AU - Holland, R. E. AU - Chera, B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.adro.2020.05.010 IS - 4 J2 - Adv. Radiat. Oncol. KW - Article clinical practice computer assisted tomography coronavirus disease 2019 head and neck cancer human nonhuman pandemic patient care physical examination priority journal simulation telehealth LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Yanagihara, T.K.; Department of Radiation Oncology, United States; email: tky@unc.edu References: Liang, W., Guan, W., Chen, R., Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A nationwide analysis in China (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, pp. 335-337; Thomson, D.J., Palma, D., Guckenberger, M., (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.04.016, Practice recommendations for risk-adapted head and neck cancer radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ASTRO-ESTRO consensus statement [e-pub ahead of print]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Accessed April 30; Otolaryngologists and the COVID-19 pandemic https://www.entnet.org/content/otolaryngologists-and-covid-19-pandemic, Available at: Accessed April 30, 2020; Alhazzani, W., Møller, M.H., Arabi, Y.M., (2020), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06022-5, Surviving sepsis campaign: Guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [e-pub ahead of print]. Intensive Care Med. Accessed April 30; Masroor, F., Corpman, D., Carpenter, D.M., Association of NCCN-recommended posttreatment surveillance with outcomes in patients with HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (2019) JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 145, pp. 903-908; President Trump expands telehealth benefits for Medicare beneficiaries during COVID-19 outbreak https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/president-trump-expands-telehealth-benefits-medicare-beneficiaries-during-covid-19-outbreak, Available at: Accessed April 30, 2020UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086650634&doi=10.1016%2fj.adro.2020.05.010&partnerID=40&md5=7cd978d02eb89a0431a025bfae388c23 PY - 2020 SN - 24521094 (ISSN) SP - 651-655 ST - Practical Challenges of Mask-to-Mask Encounters with Patients with Head and Neck Cancers amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic T2 - Advances in Radiation Oncology TI - Practical Challenges of Mask-to-Mask Encounters with Patients with Head and Neck Cancers amid the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic VL - 5 ID - 462 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCOV) is becoming increasingly serious. In March 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designated remdesivir for compassionate use to treat COVID-19. Thus, the development of novel antiviral agents, antibodies, and vaccines against COVID-19 is an urgent research subject. Many laboratories and research organizations are actively investing in the development of new compounds for COVID-19. Through in silico high-throughput virtual screening, we have recently identified compounds from the compound library of Natural Products Research Laboratories (NPRL) that can bind to COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein and block COVID-19 3Lpro activity through in silico high-throughput virtual screening. Curcuminoid derivatives (including NPRL334, NPRL339, NPRL342, NPRL346, NPRL407, NPRL415, NPRL420, NPRL472, and NPRL473) display strong binding affinity to COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein. The binding site of curcuminoid derivatives to COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein is the same as that of the FDA-approved human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor (lopinavir) to COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein. The binding affinity of curcuminoid derivatives to COVID-19 3Lpro is stronger than that of lopinavir and curcumin. Among curcuminoid derivatives, NPRL-334 revealed the strongest binding affinity to COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein and is speculated to have an anti-COVID-19 effect. In vitro and in vivo ongoing experiments are currently underway to confirm the present findings. This study sheds light on the drug design for COVID-19 3Lpro polyprotein. Basing on lead compound development, we provide new insights on inhibiting COVID-19 attachment to cells, reducing COVID-19 infection rate and drug side effects, and increasing therapeutic success rate. © The Author(s) 2020. AD - Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Nursing, Health Sciences and ManagementChiayi County, Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Medical Research, Terry Fox Cancer Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Laboratories, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Chinese Medicinal Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Medical Research, Human Genetics Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan AU - Yang, J. S. AU - Chiang, J. H. AU - Tsai, S. AU - Hsu, Y. M. AU - Bau, D. T. AU - Lee, K. H. AU - Tsai, F. J. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/1934578X20953262 10.16288/j.yczz.20-030, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32102777; Containing, K.E.H., 2019-nCoV (Wuhan) coronavirus (2020) Health Care Manag Sci, 23 (3), pp. 311-314; Lippi, G., Simundic, A.-M., Plebani, M., Potential preanalytical and analytical vulnerabilities in the laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Clin Chem Lab Med, 58 (7), pp. 1070-1076. , doi:10.1515/cclm-2020-0285, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32172228; Nelson, C.W., COVID-19: time for who to reconsider its stance towards Taiwan (2020) Nature, 579 (7798). , doi:10.1038/d41586-020-00693-2, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32157235; Wu, Y.-C., Chen, C.-S., Chan, Y.-J., The outbreak of COVID-19: an overview (2020) J Chin Med Assoc, 83 (3), pp. 217-220. , doi:10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000270, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32134861; Huang, W.-H., Teng, L.-C., Yeh, T.-K., 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Taiwan: reports of two cases from Wuhan, China (2020) J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 53 (3), pp. 481-484. , doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.009, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32111449; Cucinotta, D., Vanelli, M., Who declares COVID-19 a pandemic (2020) Acta Biomed, 91 (1), pp. 157-160. , doi:10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32191675; Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S.C., Di Napoli, R., Features, evaluation and treatment of coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) StatPearls; Liew, M.F., Siow, W.T., Yau, Y.W., See, K.C., Safe patient transport for COVID-19 (2020) Crit Care, 24 (1). , doi:10.1186/s13054-020-2828-4, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183864; Lupia, T., Scabini, S., Mornese Pinna, S., Di Perri, G., De Rosa, F.G., Corcione, S., Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: a new challenge (2019) J Glob Antimicrob Resist, 2020 (21), pp. 22-27; Roussel, Y., Giraud-Gatineau, A., Jimeno, M.-T., SARS-CoV-2: fear versus data (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55 (5). , doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105947, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32201354; Pavli, A., Tsiodras, S., Maltezou, H.C., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): prevention in travelers (2014) Travel Med Infect Dis, 12 (6 Pt A), pp. 602-608. , doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2014.10.006, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25457301; Taguchi, F., Coronaviruses (2011) Uirusu, 61 (2), pp. 205-210. , doi:10.2222/jsv.61.205, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22916567; Qian, S., Jia, X., Gao, Z., Zhang, W., Xu, Q., Li, Z., Isolation and identification of porcine deltacoronavirus and alteration of immunoglobulin transport receptors in the intestinal mucosa of PDCoV-infected piglets (2020) Viruses, 12 (1). , doi:10.3390/v12010079, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31936476; Chan, J.F.-W., Kok, K.-H., Zhu, Z., Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9 (1), pp. 221-236. , doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31987001; Zhao, D., Yao, F., Wang, L., A comparative study on the clinical features of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia with other pneumonias (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 71 (15), pp. 756-761. , doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa247, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32161968; Zou, X., Chen, K., Zou, J., Han, P., Hao, J., Han, Z., Single-cell RNA-seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection (2020) Front Med, 14 (2), pp. 185-192. , doi:10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32170560; Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579 (7798), pp. 270-273. , doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32015507; Xu, H., Zhong, L., Deng, J., High expression of ACE2 receptor of 2019-nCoV on the epithelial cells of oral mucosa (2020) Int J Oral Sci, 12 (1). , doi:10.1038/s41368-020-0074-x, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32094336; Li, R., Qiao, S., Zhang, G., Analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from different species sheds some light on cross-species receptor usage of a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV (2020) J Infect, 80 (4), pp. 469-496. , doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.013, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32092392; Bhatnagar, T., Murhekar, M.V., Soneja, M., Lopinavir/ritonavir combination therapy amongst symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 patients in India: protocol for restricted public health emergency use (2020) Indian J Med Res, 151 (2-3), pp. 184-189. , doi:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_502_20, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32362644; Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., A trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (19), pp. 1787-1799. , doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2001282, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32187464; Sahraei, Z., Shabani, M., Shokouhi, S., Saffaei, A., Aminoquinolines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents; Colson, P., Rolain, J.-M., Raoult, D., Chloroquine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55 (3). , doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105923, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32070753; Dong, L., Hu, S., Gao, J., Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Drug Discov Ther, 14 (1), pp. 58-60. , doi:10.5582/ddt.2020.01012, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32147628; Martinez, M.A., Compounds with therapeutic potential against novel respiratory 2019 coronavirus (2020) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 64 (5), pp. e00399-e320. , doi:10.1128/AAC.00399-20, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32152082; Li, G., De Clercq, E., Therapeutic options for the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (2020) Nat Rev Drug Discov, 19 (3), pp. 149-150. , doi:10.1038/d41573-020-00016-0, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32127666; Bose, S., Adapa, S., Aeddula, N.R., Medical management of COVID-19: evidence and experience (2020) J Clin Med Res, 12 (6), pp. 329-343. , doi:10.14740/jocmr4201, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32587649; Liang, C., Tian, L., Liu, Y., A promising antiviral candidate drug for the COVID-19 pandemic: a mini-review of remdesivir (2020) Eur J Med Chem, 201. , doi:10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112527, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32563812; Khan, Z., Karataş, Y., Rahman, H., Anti COVID-19 drugs: need for more clinical evidence and global action (2020) Adv Ther, 37 (6), pp. 2575-2579. , doi:10.1007/s12325-020-01351-9, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32350686; Perico, L., Benigni, A., Remuzzi, G., Should COVID-19 concern nephrologists? why and to what extent? tthe emerging impasse of angiotensin blockade (2020) Nephron, 144 (5), pp. 213-221. , doi:10.1159/000507305; Gurwitz, D., Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics (2020) Drug Dev Res, 81 (5), pp. 537-540. , doi:10.1002/ddr.21656, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32129518; Lai, C.-C., Liu, Y.H., Wang, C.-Y., Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): facts and myths (2020) J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 53 (3), pp. 404-412. , doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2020.02.012, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32173241; Weng, W., Goel, A., Curcumin and colorectal cancer: an update and current perspective on this natural medicine (2020) Semin Cancer Biol, , doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.011, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32088363, 20 Feb 2020; López-Malo, D., Villarón-Casares, C.A., Alarcón-Jiménez, J., Curcumin as a therapeutic option in retinal diseases (2020) Antioxidants, 9 (1). , doi:10.3390/antiox9010048, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31935797; Chainoglou, E., Hadjipavlou-Litina, D., Curcumin in health and diseases: Alzheimer's disease and curcumin analogues, derivatives, and hybrids (2020) Int J Mol Sci, 21 (6). , doi:10.3390/ijms21061975, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32183162; Xy, X., Meng, X., Li, S., Gan, R.Y., Li, Y., Hb, L., Bioactivity, health benefits, and related molecular mechanisms of curcumin: current progress, challenges, and perspectives (2018) Nutrients, 10 (10); Kutluay, S.B., Doroghazi, J., Roemer, M.E., Triezenberg, S.J., Curcumin inhibits herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene expression by a mechanism independent of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase activity (2008) Virology, 373 (2), pp. 239-247. , doi:10.1016/j.virol.2007.11.028, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18191976; Mounce, B.C., Cesaro, T., Carrau, L., Vallet, T., Vignuzzi, M., Curcumin inhibits Zika and Chikungunya virus infection by inhibiting cell binding (2017) Antiviral Res, 142, pp. 148-157. , doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.014, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28343845; Liu, L., Yang, J., Ji, W., Wang, C., Curcumin inhibits proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus-associated human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting EBV nuclear antigen 1 expression (2019) Biomed Res Int, 2019. , doi:10.1155/2019/8592921, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31687403; Taher, M.M., Lammering, G., Hershey, C., Valerie, K., Curcumin inhibits ultraviolet light induced human immunodeficiency virus gene expression (2003) Mol Cell Biochem, 254 (1-2), pp. 289-297. , doi:10.1023/a:1027393719610, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14674708; Guo, L., Xing, Y., Pan, R., Curcumin protects microglia and primary rat cortical neurons against HIV-1 gp120-mediated inflammation and apoptosis (2013) PLoS One, 8 (8). , doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070565, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23936448; Yu, L., Gan, X., Zhou, D., He, F., Zeng, S., Hu, D., Synthesis and antiviral activity of novel 1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives containing a 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety (2017) Molecules, 22 (4). , doi:10.3390/molecules22040658, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430149; Wen, C.-C., Kuo, Y.-H., Jan, J.-T., Specific plant terpenoids and lignoids possess potent antiviral activities against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J Med Chem, 50 (17), pp. 4087-4095. , doi:10.1021/jm070295s, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17663539; Yang, X.X., Li, C.M., Li, Y.F., Wang, J., Huang, C.Z., Synergistic antiviral effect of curcumin functionalized graphene oxide against respiratory syncytial virus infection (2017) Nanoscale, 9 (41), pp. 16086-16092. , doi:10.1039/C7NR06520E, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29034936; Yang, X.X., Li, C.M., Huang, C.Z., Curcumin modified silver nanoparticles for highly efficient inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus infection (2016) Nanoscale, 8 (5), pp. 3040-3048. , doi:10.1039/C5NR07918G, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26781043; Prasad, S., Tyagi, A.K., Curcumin and its analogues: a potential natural compound against HIV infection and AIDS (2015) Food Funct, 6 (11), pp. 3412-3419. , doi:10.1039/c5fo00485c, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26404185; Vlietinck, A.J., De Bruyne, T., Apers, S., Pieters, L.A., Plant-derived leading compounds for chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (1998) Planta Med, 64 (2), pp. 97-109. , doi:10.1055/s-2006-957384, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9525100; Rocha, F.A.C., de Assis, M.R., Curcumin as a potential treatment for COVID-19 Phytother Res, Published online 22 May 2020.. , doi:10.1002/ptr.6745, 32442323; Zahedipour, F., Hosseini, S.A., Sathyapalan, T., Potential effects of curcumin in the treatment of COVID-19 infection Phytother Res, , doi:10.1002/ptr.6738, 32430996; Kandeel, M., Al-Nazawi, M., Virtual screening and repurposing of FDA approved drugs against COVID-19 main protease (2020) Life Sci, 251. , doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117627, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32251634; Hong, Z., Duan, X., Wu, S., Yanfang, Y., Wu, H., Network pharmacology integrated molecular docking reveals the anti-COVID-19 mechanism of Qing-Fei-Da-Yuan granules (2020) Nat Prod Commun, 15 (6). , doi:10.1177/1934578X20934219, 1934578X2093421; Peeri, N.C., Shrestha, N., Rahman, M.S., The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned? (2020) Int J Epidemiol, 49 (3), pp. 717-726. , doi:10.1093/ije/dyaa033, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32086938; Rzymski, P., Nowicki, M., Preventing COVID-19 prejudice in academia (2020) Science, 367 (6484). , doi:10.1126/science.abb4870, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32193314; Shen, K., Yang, Y., Wang, T., Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts' consensus statement (2020) World J Pediatr, 16 (3), pp. 223-231. , doi:10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7; Goel, A., Aggarwal, B.B., Curcumin, the golden spice from Indian saffron, is a chemosensitizer and radiosensitizer for tumors and chemoprotector and radioprotector for normal organs (2010) Nutr Cancer, 62 (7), pp. 919-930. , doi:10.1080/01635581.2010.509835, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20924967; Sinha, R., Anderson, D.E., McDonald, S.S., Greenwald, P., Cancer risk and diet in India (2003) J Postgrad Med, 49 (3), pp. 222-228; Stohs, S.J., Chen, O., Ray, S.D., Ji, J., Bucci, L.R., Preuss, H.G., Highly bioavailable forms of curcumin and promising avenues for curcumin-based research and application: a review (2020) Molecules, 25 (6). , doi:10.3390/molecules25061397, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32204372; Luca, S.V., Macovei, I., Bujor, A., Bioactivity of dietary polyphenols: the role of metabolites (2020) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 60 (4), pp. 626-659. , doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1546669, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30614249; Jordan, W.C., Drew, C.R., Curcumin—a natural herb with anti-HIV activity (1996) J Natl Med Assoc, 88 (6); Liu, J.P., Manheimer, E., Yang, M., Herbal medicines for treating HIV infection and AIDS (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3. , doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003937.pub2, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16034917; Chen, G., Liu, S., Pan, R., Curcumin attenuates gp120-induced microglial inflammation by inhibiting autophagy via the PI3K pathway (2018) Cell Mol Neurobiol, 38 (8), pp. 1465-1477. , doi:10.1007/s10571-018-0616-3, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30155758; Zhao, S., Yang, J., Han, X., Effects of nanoparticle-encapsulated curcumin on HIV-gp120-associated neuropathic pain induced by the P2X3 receptor in dorsal root ganglia (2017) Brain Res Bull, 135, pp. 53-61. , doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.09.011, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28962965; Vora, J., Athar, M., Sinha, S., Jha, P.C., Shrivastava, N., Binding insight of anti-HIV phytocompounds with prime targets of HIV: a molecular dynamics simulation analysis (2020) Curr HIV Res, 18 (2), pp. 132-141. , doi:10.2174/1570162X18666200129112509, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31995010; Vajragupta, O., Boonchoong, P., Morris, G.M., Olson, A.J., Active site binding modes of curcumin in HIV-1 protease and integrase (2005) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 15 (14), pp. 3364-3368. , doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.05.032, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15950462; Chai, H., Yan, S., Lin, P., Lumsden, A.B., Yao, Q., Chen, C., Curcumin blocks HIV protease inhibitor ritonavir-induced vascular dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries (2005) J Am Coll Surg, 200 (6), pp. 820-830. , doi:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.02.030, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15922191; Sui, Z., Salto, R., Li, J., Craik, C., Ortiz de Montellano, P.R., Inhibition of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases by curcumin and curcumin boron complexes (1993) Bioorg Med Chem, 1 (6), pp. 415-422. , doi:10.1016/s0968-0896(00)82152-5, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8087563; Ferreira, V.H., Nazli, A., Dizzell, S.E., Mueller, K., Kaushic, C., The anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin protects the genital mucosal epithelial barrier from disruption and blocks replication of HIV-1 and HSV-2 (2015) PLoS One, 10 (4). , doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124903, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25856395; Fernández-Sánchez, A., Baragaño Raneros, A., Carvajal Palao, R., DNA demethylation and histone H3K9 acetylation determine the active transcription of the NKG2D gene in human CD8+ T and NK cells (2013) Epigenetics, 8 (1), pp. 66-78. , doi:10.4161/epi.23115, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23235109; Bacha, U., Barrila, J., Velazquez-Campoy, A., Leavitt, S.A., Freire, E., Identification of novel inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus main protease 3CLpro (2004) Biochemistry, 43 (17), pp. 4906-4912. , doi:10.1021/bi0361766, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15109248; Chen, Y.W., Yiu, C.-P.B., Wong, K.-Y., Prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CLpro) structure: virtual screening reveals velpatasvir, ledipasvir, and other drug repurposing candidates (2020) F1000Res, 9, p. 129. , doi:10.12688/f1000research.22457.2, 32194944; Nukoolkarn, V., Lee, V.S., Malaisree, M., Aruksakulwong, O., Hannongbua, S., Molecular dynamic simulations analysis of ritonavir and lopinavir as SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitors (2008) J Theor Biol, 254 (4), pp. 861-867. , doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2008.07.030, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18706430; Tai, D.Y.H., Pharmacologic treatment of SARS: current knowledge and recommendations (2007) Ann Acad Med Singapore, 36 (6), pp. 438-443 IS - 9 J2 - Nat. Pro. Comm. KW - 2019‐nCoV COVID-19 3CLpropolyprotein curcuminoid derivatives in silico study Natural Products Research Laboratories compound library curcumin lopinavir nprl 334 nprl 339 nprl 342 nprl 346 nprl 407 nprl 415 nprl 420 nprl 472 nprl 473 polyprotein protein 3cl pro unclassified drug Article binding affinity binding site computer model controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 enzyme activity high throughput screening in vitro study in vivo study molecular docking SARS coronavirus virus inhibition LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Yang, J.-S.; Department of Medical Research, Taiwan; email: jaisingyang@gmail.com Correspondence Address: Tsai, F.-J.; Department of Medical Research, Taiwan; email: d0704@mail.cmuh.org.tw Correspondence Address: Tsai, F.-J.; Department of Medical Genetics, Taiwan; email: d0704@mail.cmuh.org.tw Correspondence Address: Tsai, F.-J.; School of Chinese Medicine, Taiwan; email: d0704@mail.cmuh.org.tw Chemicals/CAS: curcumin, 458-37-7; lopinavir, 192725-17-0 Funding details: DMR-109-147 Funding details: University of North Carolina Wilmington, UNCW Funding details: China Medical University Hospital, CMUH Funding text 1: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by the project from the compound library of Natural Products Research Laboratories (NPRL) of China Medical University Hospital (CMUH) and University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy. This work was also supported by a grant from China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (DMR-109-147). Funding text 2: We wish to acknowledge the work of Mr Cheng-Li Chou, Yu-Hsun Cheng, and Wain-Ling Huang (VtR Incorporated, Taipei, Taiwan) for the excellent technique and equipment support in this study. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by the project from the compound library of Natural Products Research Laboratories (NPRL) of China Medical University Hospital (CMUH) and University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy. This work was also supported by a grant from China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (DMR-109-147). PY - 2020 SN - 1934578X (ISSN) ST - In Silico De Novo Curcuminoid Derivatives From the Compound Library of Natural Products Research Laboratories Inhibit COVID-19 3CLpro Activity T2 - Natural Product Communications TI - In Silico De Novo Curcuminoid Derivatives From the Compound Library of Natural Products Research Laboratories Inhibit COVID-19 3CLpro Activity UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090777751&doi=10.1177%2f1934578X20953262&partnerID=40&md5=ae0b70baa4e211b813b88afdd5343747 VL - 15 ID - 553 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Social and economic factors relate to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The purpose of this paper was to assess the distribution of COVID-19 morbidity rate in association with social and economic factors and discuss the implications for urban development that help to control infectious diseases. This study was a cross-sectional study. In this study, social and economic factors were classified into three dimensions: built environment, economic activities, and public service status. The method applied in this study was the spatial regression analysis. In the 13 districts in Wuhan, the spatial regression analysis was applied. The results showed that: 1) increasing population density, construction land area proportion, value-added of tertiary industry per unit of land area, total retail sales of consumer goods per unit of land area, public green space density, aged population density were associated with an increased COVID-19 morbidity rate due to the positive characteristics of estimated coefficients of these variables. 2) increasing average building scale, GDP per unit of land area, and hospital density were associated with a decreased COVID-19 morbidity rate due to the negative characteristics of estimated coefficients of these variables. It was concluded that it is possible to control infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, by adjusting social and economic factors. We should guide urban development to improve human health. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AD - School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, 310018, China Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States AU - You, H. AU - Wu, X. AU - Guo, X. C2 - 32422948 C7 - 3417 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/ijerph17103417 IS - 10 J2 - Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health KW - COVID-19 Morbidity rate Social and economic factors Spatial regression analysis Wuhan city disease control infectious disease morbidity socioeconomic conditions spatial distribution urban development viral disease Article built environment China consumer controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cross-sectional study dependent variable descriptive research gross national product human limit of quantitation population density social status spatial regression urban area Betacoronavirus city planning Coronavirinae Coronavirus infection economic development environment environmental protection industry pandemic social aspect virus pneumonia Hubei Wuhan Conservation of Natural Resources Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Cross-Sectional Studies Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Social Planning Urban Renewal LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :16 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: You, H.; School of Public Administration, China; email: youheyuan@zufe.edu.cn Funding details: National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 71874151 Funding details: Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, ZJNSF, LY18G030031 Funding details: Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China, 18YJA630134 Funding text 1: Funding: This research was funded by the Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (18YJA630134), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71874151), and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LY18G030031). References: Lai, C.C., Shih, T.P., Ko, W.C., Tang, H.J., Hsueh, P.R., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and corona virus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges (2020) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 2020; Alley, C., Sommerfeld, J., Infectious disease in times of social and ecological change (2014) Med. Anthropol., 33 (2), pp. 85-91; Heesterbeek, H., Anderson, R.M., Andreasen, V., Bansal, S., de Angelis, D., Dye, C., Eames, K.T., Funk, S., Modeling infectious disease dynamics in the complex landscape of global health (2015) Science, 347, p. 39; Wobeser, G., Towards the Endgame and Beyond: Complexities and Challenges for the Elimination of Infectious Diseases (2014) J. Wildl. Dis, 50, p. 426; Jones, K.E., Patel, N.G., Levy, M.A., Storeygard, A., Balk, D., Gittleman, J.L., Daszak, P., Global trends in emerging infectious diseases (2008) Nature, 451, pp. 990-993; Gottdenker, N.L., Streicker, D.G., Faust, C.L., Carroll, C.R., Anthropogenic land use change and infectious diseases: A review of the evidence (2014) Ecohealth, 11, pp. 619-632; Suk, J.E., Semenza, J.C., Future infectious disease threats to Europe (2011) Am. J. Public Health, 101 (11), pp. 2068-2079; Ponnambalam, L., Samavedham, L., Lee, H.R., Ho, C.S., Understanding the socioeconomic heterogeneity in healthcare in US counties: The effect of population density, education and poverty on H1N1 pandemic mortality (2012) Epidemiol. Infect., 140, pp. 803-813; Fang, L.Q., de Vlas, S.J., Feng, D., Liang, S., Xu, Y.F., Zhou, J.P., Richardus, J.H., Cao, W.C., Geographical spread of SARS in mainland China (2009) Trop. Med. Int. Health, 14, pp. 14-20; Lowcock, E.C., Rosella, L.C., Foisy, J., McGeer, A., Crowcroft, N., The social determinants of health and pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza severity (2012) Am. J. Public Health, 102, pp. e51-e58; Huang, J., Wang, J., Bo, Y., Xu, C., Hu, M., Huang, D., Identification of health risks of hand, foot and mouth disease in China using the geographical detector technique (2014) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 11, pp. 3407-3423; Mamelund, S.E., Geography may explain adult mortality from the 1918–20 influenza pandemic (2011) Epidemics, 3, pp. 46-60; Chan, J.F., Yuan, S., Kok, K.H., To, K.K., Chu, H., Yang, J., Xing, F., Poon, R.W., A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: A study of a family cluster (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 514-523; Chen, D., Xu, W., Lei, Z., Huang, Z., Liu, J., Gao, Z., Peng, L., Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in COVID-19: A case report (2020) Int. J. Infect. Dis., 93, pp. 297-299; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Gu, X., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Wu, J.T., Leung, K., Bushman, M., Kishore, N., Niehus, R., de Salazar, P.M., Cowling, B.J., Leung, G.M., Estimating clinical severity of COVID-19 from the transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China (2020) Nat. Med.; Su, S., Zhang, Q., Pi, J., Wan, C., Weng, M., Public health in linkage to land use: Theoretical framework, empirical evidence, and critical implications for reconnecting health promotion to land use policy (2016) Land Use Policy, 57, pp. 605-618; You, H., Zhou, D., Wu, S., Hu, X., Bie, C., Social deprivation and rural public health in China: Exploring the relationship using spatial regression (2020) Soc. Indic. Res., 147, pp. 843-864; You, H., Quantifying megacity growth in response to economic transition: A case of Shanghai (2016) China. Habitat Int, 53, pp. 115-122; You, H., Characterizing the inequalities in urban public green space provision in Shenzhen, China (2016) Habitat Int, 56, pp. 176-180; Ji, Y., Ma, Z., Peppelenbosch, M.P., Pan, Q., Potential association between COVID-19 mortality and health-care resource availability (2020) Lancet Glob. Health, 8 (4); Strausbaugh, L.J., Sukumar, S.R., Joseph, C.L., High, K.P., Infectious disease outbreaks in nursing homes: An unappreciated hazard for frail elderly persons (2003) Clin. Infect. Dis., 36, pp. 870-876; Elhorst, J.P., Applied spatial econometrics: Raising the bar (2010) Spat. Econ. Anal., 5, pp. 9-28; Anselin, L., (2005) Exploring Spatial Data with Geoda: A Work Book; Center for Spatially Integrated Social Science: Champaign, , IL, USA; Chhikara, B.S., Rathi, B., Singh, J., Poonam, F.N.U., Corona virus SARS-CoV-2 disease COVID-19: Infection, prevention and clinical advances of the prospective chemical drug therapeutics (2020) Chem. Biol. Lett., 7, pp. 63-72; Rutter, P.D., Mytton, O.T., Mak, M., Donaldson, L.J., Socio-economic disparities in mortality due to pandemic influenza in England (2012) Int. J. Public Health, 57, pp. 745-750; Karako, K., Song, P., Chen, Y., Tang, W., Analysis of COVID-19 infection spread in Japan based on stochastic transition model (2020) Biosci. Trends; Kooraki, S., Hosseiny, M., Myers, L., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak: What the department of radiology should know (2020) J. Am. Coll. Radiol., 17, pp. 447-451; Guo, Y.R., Cao, Q.D., Hong, Z.S., Tan, Y.Y., Chen, S.D., Jin, H.J., Tan, K.S., Yan, Y., The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak–an update on the status (2020) Mil. Med. Res., 7, pp. 1-10; Ahmad, E., Governance models and policy framework: Some Chinese perspectives (2018) J. Chin. Gov., 3, pp. 129-157; You, H., Agricultural landscape dynamics in response to economic transition: Comparisons between different spatial planning zones in Ningbo region, China (2017) Land Use Policy, 61, pp. 316-328 PY - 2020 SN - 16617827 (ISSN) ST - Distribution of covid-19 morbidity rate in association with social and economic factors in wuhan, china: Implications for urban development T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Distribution of covid-19 morbidity rate in association with social and economic factors in wuhan, china: Implications for urban development UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85084877695&doi=10.3390%2fijerph17103417&partnerID=40&md5=baebd818f64163e204058304bb995052 VL - 17 ID - 503 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Beyond public health and economic costs, the COVID-19 pandemic adds strain, disrupts daily routines, and com-plicates mental health and medical service delivery for those with mental health and medical conditions. Bipolar disorder can increase vulnerability to infection; it can also enhance stress, complicate treatment, and heighten interpersonal stigma. Yet there are successes when people proactively improve social connections, prioritize self-care, and learn to use mobile and telehealth effectively. © 2020, WikiJournal User Group. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, United States Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, United States Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, United States Crazy for Life Co. Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Canada Helping Give Away Psychological Science Department of Psychology, Temple University, United States Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Chapel Hill High School, United States Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Spain AU - Youngstrom, E. A. AU - Hinshaw, S. P. AU - Stefana, A. AU - Chen, J. AU - Michael, K. AU - Van Meter, A. AU - Maxwell, V. AU - Michalak, E. E. AU - Choplin, E. G. AU - Smith, L. T. AU - Vincent, C. AU - Loeb, A. AU - Vieta, E. C7 - 4 DB - Scopus DO - 10.15347/wjm/2020.004 IS - 1 J2 - wiki J. Med. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Youngstrom, E.A.; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States; email: eay@unc.edu Correspondence Address: Youngstrom, E.A.; Helping Give Away Psychological Scienceemail: eay@unc.edu References: Coronavirus Update (Live): 19,938,513 Cases and 731,906 Deaths from COVID-19 Virus Pandemic-Worldometer, , www.worldometers.info, Retrieved 2020-08-09; Druss, Benjamin G., Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Populations With Serious Mental Illness JAMA Psychiatry, , (2020-04-03). ISSN 2168-622X; Panchal, Nirmita, Kamal, Rabah, Orgera, Kendal, Muñana, Cailey, The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use, , Apr 21, Priya Chidambaram Published; 2020 (2020-04-21). KFF. Retrieved 2020-05-20; Gruber, June, Prinstein, Mitchell J., Clark, Lee Anna, Rottenberg, Jonathan, Abramowitz, Jonathan S., Albano, Anne Marie, Aldao, Amelia, Borelli, Jessica L., Mental health and clinical psychological science in the time of COVID-19: Challenges, opportunities, and a call to action American Psychologist, , (2020-08-10). ISSN 0003-066X 1935-990X, 0003-066X. Retrieved 2020-09-28; Managing my Mental Health During COVID-19 International Bipolar Foundation. 2020-03-17. Retrieved 2020-05-20; Brooks, Samantha K, Webster, Rebecca K, Smith, Louise E, Woodland, Lisa, Wessely, Simon, Greenberg, Neil, Rubin, Gideon James, The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence The Lancet, 395 (10227), pp. 912-920. , (2020-03). ISSN 0140-6736; The Cost of COVID-19: A Rough Estimate of the 2020 US GDP Impact, , Mercatus Center. 2020-04-06. Retrieved 2020-04-15; Containing COVID-19 Will Devastate the Economy. Here's the Economic Case for Why It's Still Our Best Option Kellogg Insight, , Retrieved 2020-04-15; This is how much the coronavirus will cost the world's economy, according to the UN World Economic Forum, , Retrieved 2020-04-14; Coronavirus update: COVID-19 likely to cost economy $1 trillion during 2020, says UN trade agency UN News. 2020-03-09. Retrieved 2020-04-14; The changes covid-19 is forcing on to business The Economist, , ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-04-16; Duhigg, Charles, (2012) The power of habit: why we do what we do in life and business, , (1st ed ed). New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6928-6. OCLC 731918383; Grandin, Louisa D., Alloy, Lauren B., Abramson, Lyn Y., The social zeitgeber theory, circadian rhythms, and mood disorders: Review and evaluation (2006) Clinical Psychology Review, 26 (6), pp. 679-694. , (-10). ISSN 0272-7358; Sanchez-Moreno, José, Martinez-Aran, Anabel, Gadelrab, Hesham F., Cabello, Maria, Torrent, Carla, del Mar Bonnin, Caterina, Ferrer, Montse, Leonardi, Matilde, The role and impact of contextual factors on functioning in patients with bipolar disorder (2010) Disability and Rehabilitation, 32, pp. S94-S104. , (-01). (sup1); Sim, Kang, Chua, Hong Choon, Vieta, Eduard, Fernandez, George, The anatomy of panic buying related to the current COVID-19 pandemic Psychiatry Research, 288, p. 113015. , (2020-06). PMID 32315887. PMC PMC7158779; Clerici, M., Durbano, F., Spinogatti, F., Vita, A., de Girolamo, G., Micciolo, R., Psychiatric hospitalization rates in Italy before and during COVID-19: did they change? An analysis of register data Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine, pp. 1-8. , (2020-05-05). PMID 32368994. PMC PMC7264453; Hammonds, Clare, Kerrissey, Jasmine, Low-wage essential workers get less protection against coronavirus – and less information about how it spreads The Conversation, , Retrieved 2020-06-04; Sy, Karla Therese L., Martinez, Micaela E., Rader, Benjamin, White, Laura F., Socioeconomic disparities in subway use and COVID-19 outcomes in New York City (2020-05-30). medRxiv: 2020.05.28.20115949; Yearby, Ruqaiijah, Mohapatra, Seema, Law, Structural Racism, and the COVID-19 Pandemic Journal of Law and the Biosciences, p. lsaa036. , (2020-05-30). ISSN 2053-9711. PMC PMC7313873; Li, Shen, Zhang, Yong, Mental healthcare for psychiatric inpatients during the COVID-19 epidemic General Psychiatry, 33 (2), p. e100216. , (2020-04). ISSN 2517-729X; Arango, Celso, Lessons learned from the coronavirus health crisis in Madrid, Spain: How COVID-19 has changed our lives in the last two weeks Biological Psychiatry, , (2020-04). ISSN 0006-3223. PMC PMC7141703; de Girolamo, Giovanni, Cerveri, Giancarlo, Clerici, Massimo, Monzani, Emiliano, Spinogatti, Franco, Starace, Fabrizio, Tura, Giambattista, Vita, Antonio, Mental Health in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency—The Italian Response JAMA Psychiatry, , (2020-04-30). ISSN 2168-622X; Long, Heather, Over 10 million Americans applied for unemployment benefits in March as economy collapsed Washington Post, , Retrieved 2020-04-17; Romm, Tony, Underfunded, understaffed and under siege: Unemployment offices nationwide are struggling to do their jobs Washington Post, , Retrieved 2020-04-17; Flitter, Emily, Loan Money Runs Out While Small-Business Owners Wait in Line The New York Times, , (2020-04-16). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-04-17; Shen, Gail HC, Alloy, Lauren B, Abramson, Lyn Y, Sylvia, Louisa G, Social rhythm regularity and the onset of affective episodes in bipolar spectrum individuals (2008) Bipolar Disorders, 10 (4), pp. 520-529. , (-06). ISSN 1398-5647; Carvalho, Andre F., Firth, Joseph, Vieta, Eduard, Ropper, Allan H., Bipolar Disorder New England Journal of Medicine, 383 (1), pp. 58-66. , (2020-07-02) ed. ISSN 0028-4793; Frank, Ellen, Gonzalez, Jodi M., Fagiolini, Andrea, The Importance of Routine for Preventing Recurrence in Bipolar Disorder (2006) American Journal of Psychiatry, 163 (6), pp. 981-985. , (-06). ISSN 0002-953X; Shen, Gail HC, Alloy, Lauren B., Abramson, Lyn Y., Sylvia, Louisa G., Social rhythm regularity and the onset of affective episodes in bipolar spectrum individuals (2008) Bipolar Disorders, 10 (4), pp. 520-529. , ISSN 1399-5618. PMID 18452448. PMC PMC4090015; Melo, Matias C. A., Abreu, Rafael L. C., Linhares Neto, Vicente B., de Bruin, Pedro F. C., de Bruin, Veralice, M. S., Chronotype and circadian rhythm in bipolar disorder: A systematic review (2017) Sleep Medicine Reviews, 34, pp. 46-58. , (-08-01). ISSN 1087-0792; How will COVID-19 affect the world of work?, , www.ilo.org, 2020-03-19. Retrieved 2020-04-16; Breslau, J., Miller, E., Jin, R., Sampson, N. A., Alonso, J., Andrade, L. H., Bromet, E. J., Girolamo, G. de, A multinational study of mental disorders, marriage, and divorce (2011) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124 (6), pp. 474-486. , PMID 21534936. PMC PMC4011132; De Hert, Marc De, Correll, Christoph U., Bobes, Julio, Cetkovich-Bakmas, Marcelo, Cohen, Dan, Asai, Itsuo, Detraux, Johan, Gautam, Shiv, Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) World Psychiatry, 10 (1), pp. 52-77. , ISSN 2051-5545. PMID 21379357. PMC PMC3048500; Goodwin, Frederick K., (1936) Manic-depressive illness: bipolar disorders and recurrent depression, , (2007). Jamison, Kay R., Ghaemi, S. Nassir. (2nd ed ed). New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513579-4. OCLC 70929267; Vieta, Eduard, Pérez, Víctor, Arango, Celso, Psychiatry in the aftermath of COVID-19 Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 13 (2), pp. 105-110. , (2020-04). PMID 32376131. PMC PMC7177054; Chatterjee, Seshadri Sekhar, Malathesh, Barikar C, Das, Soumitra, Singh, Om Prakash, Interactions of recommended COVID-19 drugs with commonly used psychotropics Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, p. 102173. , (2020-08). PMID 32446195. PMC PMC7239782; Anmella, G., Arbelo, N., Fico, G., Murru, A., Llach, C.D., Madero, S., Gomes-da-Costa, S., Imaz, M.L., COVID-19 inpatients with psychiatric disorders: Real-world clinical recommendations from an expert team in consultation-liaison psychiatry (2020) Journal of Affective Disorders, 274, pp. 1062-1067. , (-09); Nevin, Remington L., Croft, Ashley M., Psychiatric effects of malaria and anti-malarial drugs: historical and modern perspectives (2016) Malaria Journal, 15 (1), p. 332. , (-06-22). ISSN 1475-2875. PMID 27335053. PMC PMC4918116; Bogaczewicz, J, Sobów, T, Bogaczewicz, A, Robak, E, Bienkowski, P, Sysa-Jędrzejowska, A, Woźniacka, A, Exacerbations of bipolar disorder triggered by chloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus—a case report (2013) Lupus, 23 (2), pp. 188-193. , (-12-02); Mascolo, Annamaria, Berrino, Pasquale Maria, Gareri, Pietro, Castagna, Alberto, Capuano, Annalisa, Manzo, Ciro, Berrino, Liberato, Neuropsychiatric clinical manifestations in elderly patients treated with hydroxychloroquine: a review article (2018) Inflammopharmacology, 26 (5), pp. 1141-1149. , (-06-09). ISSN 0925-4692; Wada, Ken, Yamada, Norihito, Sato, Toshiki, Suzuki, Hiroshi, Miki, Masahito, Lee, Yomei, Akiyama, Kazufumi, Kuroda, Shigetoshi, Corticosteroid-Induced Psychotic and Mood Disorders: Diagnosis Defined by DSM-IV and Clinical Pictures (2001) Psychosomatics, 42 (6), pp. 461-466. , (-11); Hinshaw, S. P., (2007) The mark of shame: Stigma of mental illness and an agenda for change, , https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318161986c, Oxford University Press; Hinshaw, Stephen P., Cicchetti, Dante, Stigma and mental disorder: Conceptions of illness, public attitudes, personal disclosure, and social policy (2000) Development and Psychopathology, 12 (4), pp. 555-598. , (/12). ISSN 1469-2198; Eligon, John, Burch, Audra D. S., Searcey, Dionne, Oppel, Richard A., Black Americans Face Alarming Rates of Coronavirus Infection in Some States The New York Times, , Jr (2020-04-07). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-04-16; Stockman, Farah, What It's Like to Come Home to the Stigma of Coronavirus The New York Times, , (2020-03-04). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-04-16; Altstedter, Ari, Shrivastava, Bhuma, Pandya, Dhwani, Doctors Come Under Attack in India as Coronavirus Stigma Grows Bloomberg, , (2020-04-13). ISSN 0007-7135. Retrieved 2020-04-16; Eligon, John, Burch, Audra D. S., Searcey, Dionne, Oppel, Richard A., Black Americans Face Alarming Rates of Coronavirus Infection in Some States The New York Times, , Jr (2020-04-07). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-04-17; Tavernise, Sabrina, Oppel, Richard A., Spit On, Yelled At, Attacked: Chinese-Americans Fear for Their Safety The New York Times, , Jr (2020-03-23). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-04-16; (2020) Covid-19 Is Becoming the Disease That Divides Us: By Race, Class and Age, , (March 21). Bloomberg.Com; Aziz, Sahar, Anti-Asian racism must be stopped before it is normalised, , www.aljazeera.com, Retrieved 2020-04-16; Acid attack on Brooklyn woman in apparent coronavirus hate crime. NY Mayor DeBlasio calls the rise in racist attacks on Asians a "crisis." AsAm News, , 2020-04-07. Retrieved 2020-04-16; Reports of Anti-Asian Assaults, Harassment and Hate Crimes Rise as Coronavirus Spreads Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved 2020-04-16; Hateful to Health: The lasting effects of hate crimes on public health Legal Council for Health Justice. 2019-03-04. Retrieved 2020-04-16; Ghafoori, B., Caspi, Y., Salgado, C., Allwood, M., Kreither, J., Tejada, J.L., Hunt, T., Nadal, K., (2019) Global Perspectives on the Trauma of Hate-Based Violence: An International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Briefing Paper, , www.istss.org/hate-based-violence, Retrieved from; Davenport, C., Gregg, A., Timberg, C., (2020) Working from home reveals another fault line in America’s racial and educational divide, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/03/22/working-home-reveals-another-fault-line-americas-racial-educational-divide/, (March 22). Retrieved April 16, 2020, from; Corrigan, Patrick W., Bink, Andrea B., Fokuo, J. Konadu, Schmidt, Annie, The public stigma of mental illness means a difference between you and me (2015) Psychiatry Research, 226 (1), pp. 186-191. , (-03-30). ISSN 0165-1781; Hinshaw, S. P., Growing Up in a Family with Bipolar Disorder: Personal Experience, Developmental Lessons, and Overcoming Stigma (2010) Understanding bipolar disorder, pp. 525-556. , D. Miklowitz & D. Cicchetti (Eds), Guilford; Bagcchi, Sanjeet, Stigma during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20 (7), p. 782. , (-07). PMID 32592670. PMC PMC7314449; Semple, Kirk, Afraid to Be a Nurse': Health Workers Under Attack The New York Times, , (2020-04-27). ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-10-05; Corrigan, Patrick W., Mittal, Dinesh, Reaves, Christina M., Haynes, Tiffany F., Han, Xiaotong, Morris, Scott, Sullivan, Greer, Mental health stigma and primary health care decisions (2014) Psychiatry Research, 218 (1), pp. 35-38. , (-08-15). ISSN 0165-1781. PMID 24774076. PMC PMC4363991; Martinez, Andres G., Hinshaw, Stephen P., (2016) Developmental Psychopathology, pp. 1-43. , (-02-10). Cicchetti, Dante (ed) Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 978-1-119-12555-6; WHO | COVID-19: Resources and support, , WHO. Retrieved 2020-10-05; Garriga, Marina, Agasi, Isabel, Fedida, Ester, Pinzón-Espinosa, Justo, Vazquez, Mireia, Pacchiarotti, Isabella, Vieta, Eduard, The role of Mental Health Home Hospitalization Care during the COVID-19 pandemic Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, , (2020-04-11); Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego, Llach, Cristian, Vieta, Eduard, mHealth in affective disorders: hype or hope? A focused narrative review International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 35 (2), pp. 61-68. , (2020-03). ISSN 0268-1315; Sugg, Margaret M., Michael, Kurt D., Stevens, Scott E., Filbin, Robert, Weiser, Jaclyn, Runkle, Jennifer D., Crisis text patterns in youth following the release of 13 Reasons Why Season 2 and celebrity suicides: A case study of summer 2018 (2019) Preventive Medicine Reports, 16, p. 100999. , (-12-01). PMID 31750076. PMC PMC6849446; Runkle, Jennifer D., Michael, Kurt D., Stevens, Scott E., Sugg, Margaret M., Quasi-experimental evaluation of text-based crisis patterns in youth following Hurricane Florence in the Carolinas, 2018 (2021) Science of The Total Environment, 750, p. 141702. , (-01); Deisenhammer, Eberhard A., Ing, Chy-Meng, Strauss, Robert, Kemmler, Georg, Hinterhuber, Hartmann, Weiss, Elisabeth M., The Duration of the Suicidal Process (2008) The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70 (1), pp. 19-24. , (-10-21). ISSN 0160-6689 PY - 2020 SN - 20024436 (ISSN) SP - 1-9 ST - Working with bipolar disorder during the covid-19 pandemic: Both crisis and opportunity T2 - WikiJournal of Medicine TI - Working with bipolar disorder during the covid-19 pandemic: Both crisis and opportunity UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095110069&doi=10.15347%2fwjm%2f2020.004&partnerID=40&md5=073fd1a08015117af453b9b88d1a4d64 VL - 7 ID - 544 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made the development of a vaccine a top biomedical priority. In this study, we developed a series of DNA vaccine candidates expressing different forms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and evaluated them in 35 rhesus macaques. Vaccinated animals developed humoral and cellular immune responses, including neutralizing antibody titers at levels comparable to those found in convalescent humans and macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2. After vaccination, all animals were challenged with SARS-CoV-2, and the vaccine encoding the full-length S protein resulted in >3.1 and >3.7 log10 reductions in median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal mucosa, respectively, as compared with viral loads in sham controls. Vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody titers correlated with protective efficacy, suggesting an immune correlate of protection. These data demonstrate vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in nonhuman primates. © 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. AD - Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States Bioqual, Rockville, MD 20852, United States Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, Netherlands Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA 02215, United States AU - Yu, J. AU - Tostanosk, L. H. AU - Peter, L. AU - Mercad, N. B. AU - McMahan, K. AU - Mahrokhia, S. H. AU - Nkolol, J. P. AU - Liu, J. AU - Li, Z. AU - Chandrashekar, A. AU - Martine, D. R. AU - Loos, C. AU - Atyeo, C. AU - Fischinger, S. AU - Burk, J. S. AU - Slei, M. D. AU - Chen, Y. AU - Zuiani, A. AU - Lelis, F. J. N. AU - Travers, M. AU - Habibi, S. AU - Pessaint, L. AU - Van Ry, A. AU - Blade, K. AU - Brown, R. AU - Cook, A. AU - Finneyfrock, B. AU - Dodson, A. AU - Teow, E. AU - Velasco, J. AU - Zahn, R. AU - Wegmann, F. AU - Bondzi, E. A. AU - Dagotto, G. AU - Gebr, M. S. AU - He, X. AU - Jacob-Dolan, C. AU - Kirilova, M. AU - Kordana, N. AU - Lin, Z. AU - Maxfiel, L. F. AU - Nampanya, F. AU - Nityanandam, R. AU - Ventur, J. D. AU - Wan, H. AU - Cai, Y. AU - Chen, B. AU - Schmid, A. G. AU - Weseman, D. R. AU - Bari, R. S. AU - Alter, G. AU - Andersen, H. AU - Lewi, M. G. AU - Barou, D. H. C2 - 32434945 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/science.abc6284 IS - 6505 J2 - Sci. KW - DNA vaccine neutralizing antibody vitronectin coronavirus spike glycoprotein COVID-19 vaccine immunological adjuvant mutant protein spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody virus vaccine biochemistry DNA drug development immune response primate protein vaccine viral disease antibody response antibody titer Article cellular immunity coronavirus disease 2019 DNA immunization drug efficacy humoral immunity immunogenicity infection prevention lung lavage nonhuman nose mucosa priority journal rhesus monkey Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination virus load animal Betacoronavirus blood bronchoalveolar lavage fluid chemistry Coronavirus infection disease model female genetics human immunological memory immunology male pandemic physiology protein domain secondary immunization vaccine immunogenicity virology virus pneumonia Animalia Coronavirus Macaca Macaca mulatta Primates SARS coronavirus Adjuvants, Immunologic Animals Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Coronavirus Infections Disease Models, Animal Humans Immunity, Cellular Immunity, Humoral Immunization, Secondary Immunogenicity, Vaccine Immunologic Memory Mutant Proteins Nasal Mucosa Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Protein Domains Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Vaccines, DNA Viral Load Viral Vaccines LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :274 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SCIEA Chemicals/CAS: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19 vaccine; Mutant Proteins; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2; Vaccines, DNA; Viral Vaccines References: Wu, F., (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269; Zhou, P., (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Holshue, M. L., (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 929-936; Li, Q., (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 1199-1207; Zhu, N., (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 727-733; Chen, N., (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513; Huang, C., (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Chan, J. F., (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 514-523; Chandrashekar, A., (2020) Science, 369, pp. 812-817; Yang, Z. Y., (2004) Nature, 428, pp. 561-564; Kirchdoerfer, R. N., (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 118-121; Pallesen, J., (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 114, pp. E7348-E7357; Wrapp, D., (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Scobey, T., (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 110, pp. 16157-16162; Yount, B., (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 100, pp. 12995-13000; Chung, A. W., (2015) Cell, 163, pp. 988-998; Abbink, P., (2019) Science, 365, pp. 1029-1033; Wölfel, R., (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Gao, Q., (2020) Science, 369, pp. 77-81; Corey, B. L., Mascola, J. R., Fauci, A. S., Collins, F. S., (2020) Science, 368, pp. 948-950; Liu, R., (2018) Antiviral Res, 150, pp. 30-38; Muthumani, K., (2015) Sci. Transl. Med, 7, p. 301ra132; Kobinger, G. P., (2007) Vaccine, 25, pp. 5220-5231; Zhou, J., (2005) Vaccine, 23, pp. 3202-3209; Martin, J. E., (2008) Vaccine, 26, pp. 6338-6343; Abbink, P., (2017) Sci. Transl. Med, 9, p. eaao4163; Tseng, C. T., (2012) PLOS ONE, 7, p. e35421; Liu, L., (2019) JCI Insight, 4, p. e123158; Graham, B. S., (2020) Science, 368, pp. 945-946 PY - 2020 SN - 00368075 (ISSN) SP - 806-811 ST - DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques T2 - Science TI - DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089609813&doi=10.1126%2fscience.abc6284&partnerID=40&md5=bb6de418d1d43299904903a0b84ac32c VL - 369 ID - 409 ER - TY - JOUR AB -: Correctional settings can be vectors of infectious diseases due to overcrowding, unsanitary living conditions, and very little capacity to engage in social distancing. In the US, COVID-19 outbreaks were first identified in the New York City and Cook County jails, with infection rates far exceeding community rates. Each day new cases are being identified across the country in correctional facilities. People who are incarcerated are at increased risk of experiencing severe COVID-19 symptoms because of the increased prevalence of other underlying illnesses. Jails and prisons have begun initiating facility-level policies to help stop the spread of COVID-19. As a result, correctional agencies have reoriented staff to stem transmission in their facilities. This could translate into limited resources for other programming such as medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) programs. In this commentary, we highlight risk mitigation practices for delivering MOUD in correctional settings during COVID-19 and note how to ensure quality of care while still preparing for the possibility of future pandemics. AD - College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR (NZ); School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC (LBR) AU - Zaller, N. AU - Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. C2 - 33021554 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/ADM.0000000000000758 IS - 6 J2 - J Addict Med KW - Coronavirus infection human infection control opiate addiction opiate substitution treatment organization and management pandemic prison prisoner procedures telemedicine virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Opioid-Related Disorders Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Prisoners Prisons LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2020 SN - 19353227 (ISSN) SP - e290-e292 ST - MOUD Provision in Correctional Settings During Time of COVID-19: Prevention and Solutions T2 - Journal of addiction medicine TI - MOUD Provision in Correctional Settings During Time of COVID-19: Prevention and Solutions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85095861890&doi=10.1097%2fADM.0000000000000758&partnerID=40&md5=eb1ead14087e1567883290cac6d486af VL - 14 ID - 266 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a global public health crisis. Multiple observations indicate poorer post-infection outcomes for patients with cancer than for the general population. Herein, we highlight the challenges in caring for patients with acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We summarise key changes related to service allocation, clinical and supportive care, clinical trial participation, and ethical considerations regarding the use of lifesaving measures for these patients. We recognise that these recommendations might be more applicable to high-income countries and might not be generalisable because of regional differences in health-care infrastructure, individual circumstances, and a complex and highly fluid health-care environment. Despite these limitations, we aim to provide a general framework for the care of patients with acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms during the COVID-19 pandemic on the basis of recommendations from international experts. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd AD - Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Department of Hematology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States Department of Hematology, Division of Leukemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States Department of Hematology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, United States Leukemia Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States Division of Hematology and Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Care Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Hematology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Hematology, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Department of Hematology, Centre for Leukemia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, BRC Oxford Department of Haematology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia Department of Haematology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario y Politecnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain CIBERONC, Instituto Carlos III, University of Valencia, Madrid, Spain Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States Division of Hematology and Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Department of Hematology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Care Centre, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Department of Hematology, Cleveland Clinic-Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, United States Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States Huntsman Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States Clinical Haematology Department, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States Duke Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapies, Durham, NC, United States Department of Hematology, Hôpital St Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France Department of Haematology, Paris University, Paris, France Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Hematology, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany Department of Medicine, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy AU - Zeidan, A. M. AU - Boddu, P. C. AU - Patnaik, M. M. AU - Bewersdorf, J. P. AU - Stahl, M. AU - Rampal, R. K. AU - Shallis, R. AU - Steensma, D. P. AU - Savona, M. R. AU - Sekeres, M. A. AU - Roboz, G. J. AU - DeAngelo, D. J. AU - Schuh, A. C. AU - Padron, E. AU - Zeidner, J. F. AU - Walter, R. B. AU - Onida, F. AU - Fathi, A. AU - DeZern, A. AU - Hobbs, G. AU - Stein, E. M. AU - Vyas, P. AU - Wei, A. H. AU - Bowen, D. T. AU - Montesinos, P. AU - Griffiths, E. A. AU - Verma, A. K. AU - Keyzner, A. AU - Bar-Natan, M. AU - Navada, S. C. AU - Kremyanskaya, M. AU - Goldberg, A. D. AU - Al-Kali, A. AU - Heaney, M. L. AU - Nazha, A. AU - Salman, H. AU - Luger, S. AU - Pratz, K. W. AU - Konig, H. AU - Komrokji, R. AU - Deininger, M. AU - Cirici, B. X. AU - Bhatt, V. R. AU - Silverman, L. R. AU - Erba, H. P. AU - Fenaux, P. AU - Platzbecker, U. AU - Santini, V. AU - Wang, E. S. AU - Tallman, M. S. AU - Stone, R. M. AU - Mascarenhas, J. C2 - 32563283 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30205-2 IS - 8 J2 - Lancet Haematol. KW - alpha interferon anagrelide bromodomain inhibitor CD19 antigen hydroxyurea interleukin 6 antibody Janus kinase inhibitor ruxolitinib acute leukemia acute myeloid leukemia adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation asymptomatic infection blood transfusion cancer chemotherapy coronavirus disease 2019 drug interaction health care delivery health care personnel hospital infection human infection control intensive care unit neutropenia palliative therapy pandemic patient care patient monitoring patient safety polycythemia vera practice guideline priority journal quarantine resource allocation Review risk evaluation and mitigation strategy Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 social distance telehealth therapy delay thrombocyte transfusion thrombocythemia virus transmission Betacoronavirus complication Coronavirus infection disease management expert witness leukemia myeloproliferative disorder pathogenicity virology virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Expert Testimony Humans Myeloproliferative Disorders Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Practice Guidelines as Topic LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :23 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Zeidan, A.M.; Section of Hematology, United States; email: amer.zeidan@yale.edu Chemicals/CAS: anagrelide, 68475-42-3; hydroxyurea, 127-07-1; ruxolitinib, 1092939-17-7, 941678-49-5 Funding details: K-12 CA087723 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, P30 CA016359 Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI Funding details: Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: Astellas Pharma US Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding details: Genentech Funding details: Merck Funding details: Novartis Funding details: Roche Funding details: Alexion Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Celgene Funding details: AbbVie Funding details: Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., TPUSA Funding details: Sandoz Funding details: Bayer Fund, BF Funding details: Arog Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Kommission für Technologie und Innovation, CTI Funding details: Daiichi-Sankyo Funding text 1: AMZ received research funding (institutional) from Celgene (Bristol Myers Squibb), Abbvie, Astex, Pfizer, Medimmune (AstraZeneca), Boehringer-Ingelheim, Trovagene, Incyte, Takeda, Novartis, Aprea, and ADC Therapeutics; participated in advisory boards or had a consultancy with, and received honoraria from, AbbVie, Otsuka, Pfizer, Celgene (Bristol Myers Squibb), Jazz, Incyte, Agios, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, Acceleron, Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Cardinal Health, Taiho, Seattle Genetics, BeyondSpring, Trovagene, Takeda, Ionis, Amgen, Janssen, Epizyme, and Tyme; served on steering and independent data review committees for clinical trials for Novartis and Janssen; and received travel support for meetings from Pfizer, Novartis, and Trovagene. MMP is on the advisory board for Stem Line Pharmaceuticals. RKR has received consulting fees from Constellation, Incyte, Celgene, Promedior, CTI, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Blueprint, and Stemline; and research funding from Incyte, Constellation, and Stemline. MRS is on the advisory boards for Abbvie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Sierra Oncology, Ryvu, Takeda, and TG Therapeutics; is a consultant for Karyopharm and Ryvu; and receives grants and research support from Astex, Incyte, and TG Therapeutics, royalties from Bohringer-Ingelheimand, and equity from Karyopharm. MAS is on the advisory boards for Bristol Myers Squibb and Takeda (Millenium). RMS has served on independent data safety monitoring committees for trials supported by Celgene, Takeda, and Argenix; has consulted for AbbVie, Actinium, Agios, Amgen, Arog, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Biolinerx, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Fujifilm, Janssen, Juno, Macrogenics, Novartis, Ono, Orsenix, Pfizer, Roche, Stemline, Sumitomo, Takeda, and Trovagene; and has received research support (to the institution) for clinical trials sponsored by AbbVie, Agios, Arog, and Novartis. JFZ has received honoraria from AbbVie, Agios, AsystBio Laboratories, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Genentech, Pfizer, and Takeda; is a consultant and is on advisory boards for, or has received research funding from AROG Pharmaceuticals, Celgene, Forty Seven, Merck, Takeda, and Tolero. AF is consulting for Celgene (Bristol Myers Squibb), Novartis, Agios, Astellas, Pfizer, Takeda, Amgen, Daiichi Sankyo, Kite, Trovagene, Forty Seven, NewLink Genetics, and Abbvie; and receives clinical trial support from Celgene and Agios. EMS has served on advisory boards for Abbvie, Agios, Amgen, Astellas, Celgene, Daiichi Sankyo, Genentech, Novartis, and Seattle Genetics, and has received research support (to his institution) from Agios, Amgen, Bayer, Biotheryx, Celgene, Syndax, and Syros. GH has served on advisory boards for SAB Incyte, Agios, Jazz, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Celgene; has received research support from Bayer, Merck, Incyte, and Constellation; and has received grants from ASH-AMFDP, K-12 CA087723, and the Sanchez Ferguson Award. GJR has served on independent data safety monitoring committees for trials supported by AbbVie, Actinium, Agios, Amphivena, Argenx, Array Biopharma, Astex, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Celgene, Celltrion, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Epizyme, Helsinn, Janssen, Jasper Therapeutics, Jazz, and MEI Pharma; has served as chair for independent data monitoring committees for Novartis, Orsenix, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche (Genentech), Sandoz, Takeda, IRC Chair, and Trovagene; and receives research support from Cellectis. ACS has acted as a consultant or served on advisory boards for, or received research support from, AbbVie, Agios, Amgen, Astellas, Celgene (Bristol Myers Squibb), GlycoMimetics, Jazz, Novartis, Phebra, Pfizer, and Teva. EP has received research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb, Kura, and Incyte, and has received honorarium from Novartis, Blueprint, and Stemline. ESW served on advisory boards or provided consulting for Abbvie, Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Dava Oncology (Arog), Genentech, Jazz, Kite Pharmaceuticals, Kura Oncology, Macrogenics, Pfizer, PTC Therapeutics, and Stemline; served on independent data review committees for clinical tr als for Abbvie, Genentech, and Rafael Pharmaceuticals; and serves as a speaker for Stemline and Pfizer. MLH received research funding (institutional) from Blueprint, Celgene (Bristol Myers Squibb), CTI Biopharma, Deciphera, Novartis, Phizer, Roche (Genentech), and Sierra Oncology, and participated in advisory boards or had a consultancy with, and received honoraria from, Abbvie, Blueprint, CTI Biopharma, Incyte, Novartis, and Partner Therapeutics. VRB reports receiving consulting fees from Agios, Incyte, Partner Therapeutics, Omeros, Takeda, and Abbvie; research funding from Incyte, Jazz, Tolero Pharmaceuticals, and the National Marrow Donor Program; and funding support for a trial from Oncoceutics. HK served on advisory boards or provided consulting for Agios, Novartis, and Pfizer. SL reports grants to her institution from Biosight, Celgene, Hoffman La Roche, Kura, and Onconova; and honoraria from Acceleron, Agios, Daichii-Sankyo, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Jazz. KWP receives institutional research funding from AbbVie, Agios, Daiichi Sankyo, and Millennium; and is an advisory board member for AbbVie, Astellas, Celgene, and Boston BioMedical. RK serves on the speaker bureau for JAZZ, Agios, and Abbvie; and served on advisory boards or provided consulting for JAZZ, Agios, Abbvie, Celgene, and Acceleron. PF receives research support from Celgene (Bristol Myers Squibb), Janssen, Abbvie, Agios, and Novartis. UP consulted, attended an advisory board, or received honoraria from Amgen, Celgene, Abbvie, Novartis, and Takeda. EAG has received institutional research funding from Genentech, Astex (Otsuka), Apellis, Celldex Therapeutics, and Celgene (Bristol Myers Squibb); and has participated in advisory boards for AbbVie, Astex (Otsuka), Celgene (Bristol Myers Squibb), and Alexion Pharmaceuticals. AN has received honoraria from Mount Sinai Hospital and the University of Toronto; research support from Jazz Pharmaceutical, Meriani, Raffael pharmaceutical, PTC Therapeutics, Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Syros Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Seattle Genetics, Diiachi Sanykyo, Celgene, Imago BioScience, Sierra Oncology, Geron Corporation, Samumed, Clear Creek Bio, Forty Seven, Abbvie, MacroGenics, Glycomimetics, CTI BoiPharma, Incyte Corporation, Aprea Therapeutics, Kura Oncology, and Selvitape; is on the speaker bureau for Incyte Corporation and Novartis; is part of a data monitoring committee for MEI Pharma; has served on the advisory board or has consulted for Karyopharma, Abbvie, and Daiichi Sankyo; and is a consultant for Guidepoint, the American Society of Hematology, the Physicians' Education Resource, Medicom WorldWide, and Hemedicus. AA-K received research support to their institution from Novartis, Onconova, Celgene (Bristol Myers Squibb), Astex, Medimmune (AstraZeneca), Aprea, Daiichi Sankyp, and H3B Biomedicine. ADG served on advisory boards for, or was a consultant for, AbbVie, Aptose, Celgene, Daiichi Sanyko, and Genentech; received institutional research funding from AbbVie, A.D.C Therapeutics, Aprea, AROG Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sanyko, and Pfizer; and received honoraria from Dava Oncology. JM received institutional research funding from Incyte, CTI Biopharma, Novartis, Merck, Roche, Kartos, Promedior, Janssen, Merus, and Arog and consulting honoraria from Celgene, Prelude, Galecto, Roche, Constellation, and Incyte. All authors with competing interests declare that none of these relationships were related to the development of this manuscript. All other authors report no competing interests. Funding text 2: The experts on this panel are haematologists and oncologists who specialise in leukaemia and transplant care, and discussions were held through virtual, online meetings. No external support was received for this Viewpoint. Amer M Zeidan is a Leukaemia and Lymphoma Society scholar in clinical research and is also supported by a National Cancer Institute's Cancer Clinical Investigator Team Leadership Award. Research reported in this publication was in part financially supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number P30 CA016359. The content of this Viewpoint is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. This publication was not funded by the National Institutes of Health. The funder of the publication had no role in the writing of the report. The corresponding author had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. References: Global Covid-19 case fatality rates (2020), https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/global-covid-19-case-fatality-rates/, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1239-1242; Shallis, R.M., Wang, R., Davidoff, A., Ma, X., Zeidan, A.M., Epidemiology of acute myeloid leukemia: recent progress and enduring challenges (2019) Blood Rev, 36, pp. 70-87; Zeidan, A.M., Shallis, R.M., Wang, R., Davidoff, A., Ma, X., Epidemiology of myelodysplastic syndromes: why characterizing the beast is a prerequisite to taming it (2019) Blood Rev, 34, pp. 1-15; Liang, W., Guan, W., Chen, R., Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21, pp. 335-337; Mehta, V., Goel, S., Kabarriti, R., Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York hospital system (2020) Cancer Discov, , published online May 1; He, W., Chen, L., Chen, L., COVID-19 in persons with haematological cancers (2020) Leukemia, 34, pp. 1637-1645; COVID-19: protecting health-care workers (2020) Lancet, 395, p. 922; Persad, G., Wertheimer, A., Emanuel, E.J., Principles for allocation of scarce medical interventions (2009) Lancet, 373, pp. 423-431; Volandes, A.E., Levin, T.T., Slovin, S., Augmenting advance care planning in poor prognosis cancer with a video decision aid: a preintervention-postintervention study (2012) Cancer, 118, pp. 4331-4338; Perl, A.E., The most novel of the novel agents for acute myeloid leukemia (2018) Curr Opin Hematol, 25, pp. 81-89; Wiedermann, F.J., Acute lung injury during G-CSF-induced neutropenia recovery: effect of G-CSF on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (2005) Bone Marrow Transplant, 36, p. 731; Karlin, L., Darmon, M., Thiéry, G., Respiratory status deterioration during G-CSF-induced neutropenia recovery (2005) Bone Marrow Transplant, 36, pp. 245-250; Qureshi, K., Gershon, R.R., Sherman, M.F., Health care workers' ability and willingness to report to duty during catastrophic disasters (2005) J Urban Health, 82, pp. 378-388; Song, J.Y., Yun, J.G., Noh, J.Y., Cheong, H.J., Kim, W.J., Covid-19 in South Korea—challenges of subclinical manifestations (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1858-1859; Ueda, M., Martins, R., Hendrie, P.C., Managing cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic: agility and collaboration toward a common goal (2020) J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 18, pp. 1-4; Centor, R.M., Marrazzo, J., Annals on call—protecting health care workers from COVID-19 (2020) Ann Intern Med, 172, p. OC1; Ebrahim, S.H., Ahmed, Q.A., Gozzer, E., Schlagenhauf, P., Memish, Z.A., Covid-19 and community mitigation strategies in a pandemic (2020) BMJ, 368; Scheunemann, L.P., White, D.B., The ethics and reality of rationing in medicine (2011) Chest, 140, pp. 1625-1632; COVID-19 State of Emergency. Updates, emergency orders, and guidance associated with the COVID-19 State of Emergency https://www.mass.gov/info-details/covid-19-state-of-emergency, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Guidance for managing ethical issues in infectious disease outbreaks (2016), https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/250580, (Accessed 10 May 2020); Schopper, D., Ravinetto, R., Schwartz, L., Research ethics governance in times of Ebola (2017) Public Health Ethics, 10, pp. 49-61; Fetscher, S., Mertelsmann, R., Supportive care in hematologic malignancies: hematopoietic growth factors, infections, transfusion therapy (2000) Curr Opin Hematol, 7, pp. 255-260; Carson, J.L., Guyatt, G., Heddle, N.M., Clinical practice guidelines from the AABB: red blood cell transfusion thresholds and storage (2016) JAMA, 316, pp. 2025-2035; Docherty, A.B., O'Donnell, R., Brunskill, S., Effect of restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies on outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease in a non-cardiac surgery setting: systematic review and meta-analysis (2016) BMJ, 352; Mueller, M.M., Van Remoortel, H., Meybohm, P., Patient blood management: recommendations from the 2018 Frankfurt Consensus Conference (2019) JAMA, 321, pp. 983-997; Pine, A.B., Lee, E.J., Sekeres, M., Wide variations in blood product transfusion practices among providers who care for patients with acute leukemia in the United States (2017) Transfusion, 57, pp. 289-295; O'Brien, K.L., Mohammed, M., Uhl, L., Management of a hospital transfusion service during a nationwide blood product shortage (2018) Arch Pathol Lab Med, 142, pp. 779-781; Stanworth, S.J., Estcourt, L.J., Powter, G., A no-prophylaxis platelet-transfusion strategy for hematologic cancers (2013) N Engl J Med, 368, pp. 1771-1780; Wandt, H., Schaefer-Eckart, K., Wendelin, K., Therapeutic platelet transfusion versus routine prophylactic transfusion in patients with haematological malignancies: an open-label, multicentre, randomised study (2012) Lancet, 380, pp. 1309-1316; Estcourt, L.J., McQuilten, Z., Powter, G., The TREATT Trial (TRial to EvaluAte Tranexamic acid therapy in Thrombocytopenia): safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid in patients with haematological malignancies with severe thrombocytopenia: study protocol for a double-blind randomised controlled trial (2019) Trials, 20, p. 592; Zhang, W., Du, R.H., Li, B., Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9, pp. 386-389; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Updated information for blood establishments regarding the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak (2020), https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/updated-information-blood-establishments-regarding-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-outbreak, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA provides updated guidance to address the urgent need for blood during the pandemic (2020), https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-provides-updated-guidance-address-urgent-need-blood-during-pandemic, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Gafter-Gvili, A., Fraser, A., Paul, M., Antibiotic prophylaxis for bacterial infections in afebrile neutropenic patients following chemotherapy (2012) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1; Thachil, J., Tang, N., Gando, S., ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18, pp. 1023-1026; McDermott, M.M., Newman, A.B., Preserving clinical trial integrity during the coronavirus pandemic (2020) JAMA, 323; Maude, S.L., Frey, N., Shaw, P.A., Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for sustained remissions in leukemia (2014) N Engl J Med, 371, pp. 1507-1517; Arnold, C., COVID-19: biomedical research in a world under social-distancing measures (2020) Nat Med, , published online March 26; Management of clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic: notice to clinical trial sponsors https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/announcements/management-clinical-trials-during-covid-19-pandemic.html, (Accessed 14 April 2020); FDA guidance on conduct of clinical trials of medical products during COVID-19 pandemic (2020), https://bit.ly/3b1sORI, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Mandate, objectives and rules of procedure of the COVID-19 EMA pandemic Task Force (COVID-ETF) (2020), https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/mandate-objectives-rules-procedure-covid-19-ema-pandemic-task-force-covid-etf_en.pdf, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Röllig, C., Kramer, M., Schliemann, C., Time from diagnosis to treatment does not affect outcome in intensively treated patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (2019) Blood, 134, p. 13. , (abstr); Fang, Y., Zhang, H., Xie, J., Sensitivity of chest CT for COVID-19: comparison to RT-PCR (2020) Radiology, , published online Feb 19; Mehta, P., McAuley, D.F., Brown, M., Sanchez, E., Tattersall, R.S., Manson, J.J., COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1033-1034; Le, R.Q., Li, L., Yuan, W., FDA approval summary: tocilizumab for treatment of chimeric antigen receptor t cell-induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome (2018) Oncologist, 23, pp. 943-947; Allen, M.R., Aljitawi, O.S., He, J., Outpatient cytarabine administration is safe and effective for consolidation in acute myeloid leukemia (2013) Blood, 122; Tallman, M., Rollig, C., Zappasodi, P., COVID-19 and acute myeloid leukemia: frequently asked questions https://www.hematology.org/covid-19/covid-19-and-acute-myeloid-leukemia, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Recommendations for the management of patients with AML during the COVID19 outbreak http://www.cureleukaemia.co.uk/page/news/523/aml-working-party-covid-19-recommendations, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Burnett, A.K., Russell, N.H., Hills, R.K., Optimization of chemotherapy for younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia: results of the medical research council AML15 trial (2013) J Clin Oncol, 31, pp. 3360-3368; Wei, A.H., Döhner, H., Pocock, C., The QUAZAR AML-001 maintenance trial: results of a phase III international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of CC-486 (oral formulation of azacitidine) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in first remission (2019) Blood, 134. , (abstr); Chen, Z., Xiong, H., Li, J.X., COVID-19 with post-chemotherapy agranulocytosis in childhood acute leukemia: a case report (2020) Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi, 41, pp. 341-343. , (in Chinese); Ni, Y.N., Chen, G., Sun, J., Liang, B.M., Liang, Z.A., The effect of corticosteroids on mortality of patients with influenza pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) Crit Care, 23, p. 99; Lee, N., Allen Chan, K.C., Hui, D.S., Effects of early corticosteroid treatment on plasma SARS-associated coronavirus RNA concentrations in adult patients (2004) J Clin Virol, 31, pp. 304-309; Ravandi, F., How I treat Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2019) Blood, 133, pp. 130-136; Stock, W., Patel, A., O'Dwyer, K., COVID-19 and ALL: frequently asked questions https://www.hematology.org/covid-19/covid-19-and-all, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Gökbuget, N., Dombret, H., Bonifacio, M., Blinatumomab for minimal residual disease in adults with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2018) Blood, 131, pp. 1522-1531; Heine, A., Held, S.A., Daecke, S.N., The JAK-inhibitor ruxolitinib impairs dendritic cell function in vitro and in vivo (2013) Blood, 122, pp. 1192-1202; Rampal, R.K., Mascarenhas, J.O., Kosiorek, H.E., Safety and efficacy of combined ruxolitinib and decitabine in accelerated and blast-phase myeloproliferative neoplasms (2018) Blood Adv, 2, pp. 3572-3580; Komrokji, R.S., Al Ali, N., Sallman, D.A., What is the optimal time to initiate hypomethylating agents (HMA) in higher risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)? (2018) Blood, 132. , (abstr); Mikkael, A., Sekeres, M.A., Steensma, D.P., DeZern, A., Roboz, G., Garcia-Manero, G., Komrokji, R., COVID-19 and myelodysplastic syndromes: frequently asked questions https://www.hematology.org/covid-19/covid-19-and-myelodysplastic-syndromes, (Accessed 14 April 2020); Fenaux, P., Platzbecker, U., Mufti, G.J., Luspatercept in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 140-151; NCCN guidelines https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx, (Accessed 10 May 2020); Hutchins, N.A., Unsinger, J., Hotchkiss, R.S., Ayala, A., The new normal: immunomodulatory agents against sepsis immune suppression (2014) Trends Mol Med, 20, pp. 224-233; Francois, B., Jeannet, R., Daix, T., Interleukin-7 restores lymphocytes in septic shock: the IRIS-7 randomized clinical trial (2018) JCI Insight, 3; Lv, S., Han, M., Yi, R., Kwon, S., Dai, C., Wang, R., Anti-TNF-α therapy for patients with sepsis: a systematic meta-analysis (2014) Int J Clin Pract, 68, pp. 520-528; Shakoory, B., Carcillo, J.A., Chatham, W.W., Interleukin-1 receptor blockade is associated with reduced mortality in sepsis patients with features of macrophage activation syndrome: reanalysis of a prior phase III trial (2016) Crit Care Med, 44, pp. 275-281; Meisel, C., Schefold, J.C., Pschowski, R., Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to reverse sepsis-associated immunosuppression: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial (2009) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 180, pp. 640-648; Gavillet, M., Carr Klappert, J., Spertini, O., Blum, S., Acute leukemia in the time of COVID-19 (2020) Leuk Res, 92; Casadevall, A., Pirofski, L.A., The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19 (2020) J Clin Invest, 130, pp. 1545-1548; Shen, C., Wang, Z., Zhao, F., Treatment of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with convalescent plasma (2020) JAMA, 323; Grein, J., Ohmagari, N., Shin, D., Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, , published online April 10; Dowell, S.F., Ho, M.S., Seasonality of infectious diseases and severe acute respiratory syndrome—what we don't know can hurt us (2004) Lancet Infect Dis, 4, pp. 704-708; Eichenberger, E.M., Soave, R., Zappetti, D., Incidence, significance, and persistence of human coronavirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (2019) Bone Marrow Transplant, 54, pp. 1058-1066 PY - 2020 SN - 23523026 (ISSN) SP - e601-e612 ST - Special considerations in the management of adult patients with acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms in the COVID-19 era: recommendations from a panel of international experts T2 - The Lancet Haematology TI - Special considerations in the management of adult patients with acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms in the COVID-19 era: recommendations from a panel of international experts UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087508878&doi=10.1016%2fS2352-3026%2820%2930205-2&partnerID=40&md5=f0faec03ba6ff8183aa4056beae1b426 VL - 7 ID - 428 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The influenza pandemic continues to threaten public health due to its high morbidity and mortality rates, despite some successes in antiviral research. Natural drugs are important alternative therapies in the treatment of and recovery from influenza and have been the subjects of intense investigation during the last few decades. Many reports have shown that the development of novel bioactive chemicals extracted from natural drugs has significant advantages. Oseltamivir is a successful case of an anti-influenza drug synthesized using two natural products, quinic acid, and shikimic acid, as starting materials. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in the treatment of influenza. TCM herbal extracts and prescriptions or their isolated bioactive constituents have shown significant therapeutic and preventive effects against influenza. For example, the roots of Isatis indigotica (Banlangen) fight viral infection by targeting both the virus and the host and have significantly different effects than those of synthetic chemicals. Lianhuaqingwen capsule exerts its anti-influenza activity by regulating the immune response to interfere with both viral and host reactions and might well be an alternative therapeutic option to treat influenza virus infection. This paper reviews the chemical ingredients, crude extracts, and TCM prescriptions with anti-influenza activity reported during the period of 2010–September 2019. We hope that this comprehensive review will not only fuel research on anti-influenza active natural products and TCM research but also provide a promising alternative candidate for further anti-influenza drug development. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC AD - Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and HospitalTaichung, Taiwan AU - Zhang, Z. J. AU - Morris-Natschke, S. L. AU - Cheng, Y. Y. AU - Lee, K. H. AU - Li, R. T. C2 - 32677056 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/med.21707 IS - 6 J2 - Med. Res. Rev. KW - anti-influenza agents medicinal plants natural products TCM prescriptions alkaloid derivative antivirus agent Chinese drug coumarin derivative diterpenoid flavonoid fufang heptane derivative herbaceous agent influenza vaccine iridoid Isatis indigotica lianhuaqingwen capsule lignan derivative natural product oseltamivir phenylpropane derivative plant extract polyphenol derivative quinone derivative re du ning sesquiterpenoid stilbenoid derivative triterpenoid unclassified drug antiviral activity Chinese medicine disease classification drug structure flower herbal medicine human influenza influenza vaccination Lonicera japonica nonhuman plant root prescription Review LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: MRRED Correspondence Address: Lee, K.-H.; Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, United States; email: khlee@unc.edu Correspondence Address: Lee, K.-H.; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, Taiwan; email: khlee@unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: oseltamivir, 196618-13-0, 204255-09-4, 204255-11-8 Funding details: National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, 31960092, 81860618, U1602222 Funding details: China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, 2019M653498 Funding text 1: This study was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1602222, 31960092, and 81860618), and the Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M653498). References: Johnson, N.P., Mueller, J., Updating the accounts: global mortality of the 1918-1920 “Spanish” Iinfluenza pandemic (2002) Bull Hist Med, 76, pp. 105-115; Murray, C.J., Lopez, A.D., Chin, B., Feehan, D., Hill, K.H., Estimation of potential global pandemic influenza mortality on the basis of vital registry data from the 1918–20 pandemic: a quantitative analysis (2006) Lancet., 368, pp. 2211-2218; Collins, S.D., Age and sex incidence of influenza and pneumonia morbidity and mortality in the epidemic of 1928-29 with comparative data for the epidemic of 1918-19: based on surveys of families in certain localities in the United States following the epidemics (1931) Public Health Rep., 46, pp. 1909-1937; Hoffman, B.L., Influenza activity in Saint Joseph, Missouri 1910-1923: evidence for an early wave of the 1918 pandemic (2011) PLOS Curr., 2, p. RRN1287; Hildreth, M.L., The influenza epidemic of 1918–1919 in France: contemporary concepts of aetiology, therapy, and prevention (1991) Soc Hist Med, 4, pp. 277-294; Neumann, G., Noda, T., Kawaoka, Y., Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus (2009) Nature., 459, pp. 931-939; Tian, S.F., Bucklerwhite, A.J., London, W.T., Reck, L.J., Chanock, R.M., Murphy, B.R., Nucleoprotein and membrane protein genes are associated with restriction of replication of influenza A/Mallard/NY/78 virus and its reassortants in squirrel monkey respiratory tract (1986) Acta Acad Med Sin, 53, pp. 771-775; Widjaja, L., Krauss, S.L., Webby, R.J., Xie, T., Webster, R.G., Matrix gene of influenza a viruses isolated from wild aquatic birds: ecology and emergence of influenza a viruses (2004) J Virol, 78, pp. 8771-8779; Collin, E.A., Sheng, Z.Z., Lang, Y.K., Ma, W.J., Hause, B.M., Li, F., Cocirculation of two distinct genetic and antigenic lineages of proposed influenza D virus in cattle (2015) J Virol., 89, pp. 1036-1042; Saunders-Hastings, P.R., Krewski, D., Reviewing the history of pandemic influenza: understanding patterns of emergence and transmission (2016) Pathogens., 5, p. 66; Chen, R.-B., Holmes, E.C., The evolutionary dynamics of human influenza B virus (2008) J Mol Evol, 66, pp. 655-663; Dijkstra, F., Donker, G.A., Wilbrink, B., Gageldonk-Lafeber, A.B., Van Der Sande, M.A.B., Long time trends in influenza-like illness and associated determinants in the Netherlands (2009) Epidemiol Infect., 137, pp. 473-479; William, B., Baine, M.D., James, P., Luby, M.D., Stanley, M., Martin, M.S., Severe illness with influenza B (1980) Am J Med, 68, pp. 181-189; Kauppila, J., Rönkkö, E., Juvonen, R., Influenza C virus infection in military recruits-symptoms and clinical manifestation (2014) J Med Virol, 86, pp. 879-885; White, S.K., Ma, W.J., Mcdaniel, C.J., Gray, G.C., Lednicky, J.A., Serologic evidence of exposure to influenza D virus among persons with occupational contact with cattle (2016) J Clin Virol, 81, pp. 31-33; Fouchier, R.A., Munster, V., Wallensten, A., Characterization of a novel influenza A virus hemagglutinin subtype (H16) obtained from black-headed gulls (2005) J Virol, 79, pp. 2814-2822; Alexander, D.J., An overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza (2007) Vaccine., 25, pp. 5637-5644; Enserink, M., Cohen, J., Virus of the year. The novel H1N1 influenza (2009) Science., 326, p. 1607; Ren, H.H., Zhou, P., Epitope-focused vaccine design against influenza A and B viruses (2016) Curr Opin Immunol, 42, pp. 83-90; Wu, X., Wu, X., Sun, Q., Progress of small molecular inhibitors in the development of anti-influenza virus agents (2017) Theranostics., 7, pp. 826-845; Feher, M., Schmidt, J.M., Property distributions: differences between drugs, natural products, and molecules from combinatorial chemistry (2003) J Chem Inf Comput Sci, 34 (17), pp. 218-227; Ertl, P., Silvio Roggo, A., Schuffenhauer, A., Natural product-likeness score and its application for prioritization of compound libraries (2008) J Chem Inf Model, 48, pp. 68-74; Newman, D.J., Cragg, G.M., Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019 (2020) J Nat Prod, 83, pp. 770-803; Kim, C.U., Lew, W., Williams, M.A., Influenza neuraminidase inhibitors possessing a novel hydrophobic interaction in the enzyme active site: design, synthesis, and structural analysis of carbocyclic sialic acid analogues with potent anti-influenza activity (1997) J Am Chem Soc, 119, pp. 681-690; Roxas, M., Jurenka, J., Colds and influenza: a review of diagnosis and conventional, botanical, and nutritional considerations (2007) Altern Med Rev, 12, pp. 25-48; Vlietinck, A.J., Bruyne, T.D., Vanden-Berghe, D.A., Plant substances as antiviral agents (1997) Curr Org Chem, 1, pp. 307-344; Cos, P., Vanden-Berghe, D., Bruyne, T.D., Vlietinck, A.J., Plant substances as antiviral agents: an update (1997-2001) (2003) Curr Org Chem., 7, pp. 1163-1180; Grienke, U., Schmidtke, M., Von, G.S., Kirchmair, J., Liedl, K.R., Rollinger, J.M., Influenza neuraminidase: a druggable target for natural products (2012) Nat Prod Rep, 29, pp. 11-36; Wang, X.Y., Jia, W., Zhao, A.H., Wang, X.R., Anti-influenza agents from plants and traditional Chinese medicine (2006) Phytother Res., 20, pp. 335-341; Ge, H., Wang, Y.F., Xu, J., Anti-influenza agents from traditional Chinese medicine (2010) Nat Prod Rep, 27, pp. 1758-1780; Gu, S., Yin, N., Pei, J., Lai, L., Understanding molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of influenza viruses infection by computational approaches (2013) Mol BioSyst., 9, pp. 2696-2700; Zhou, J., Yao, S.L., Yang, C.X., Zhong, J.Y., Wang, H.B., Zhang, Y., In vitro inhibition of influenza virus infection by a crude extract from Isatis indigotica root resulting in the prevention of viral attachment (2012) Mol Med Rep, 5, pp. 793-799; Shin, E.K., Kim, D.H., Lim, H., Shin, H.K., Kim, J.K., The anti-inflammatory effects of a methanolic extract from radix isatidis in murine macrophages and mice (2010) Inflammation, 33, pp. 110-118; Yang, Z.F., Leung, E.L.H., Liu, L., Jiang, Z.H., Zhong, N.S., Developing influenza treatments using traditional Chinese medicine (2015) Science, 347, pp. S35-S37; Ding, Y., Zeng, L., Li, R., The Chinese prescription lianhuaqingwen capsule exerts anti-influenza activity through the inhibition of viral propagation and impacts immune function (2017) BMC Com Altern Med, 17, p. 130; Lu, A.P., Jia, H.W., Xiao, C., Lu, Q.P., Theory of traditional Chinese medicine and therapeutic method of diseases (2004) World J Gastroenterol, 10, pp. 1854-1856; Baker, D.D., Chu, M., Oza, U., Rajgarhia, V., The value of natural products to future pharmaceutical discovery (2007) Nat Prod Rep, 24, pp. 1225-1244; Thies, P.W., Die konstitution der valepotriate: mitteilung über die wirkstoffe des baldrians (1968) Tetrahedron, 24, pp. 313-347; Murakami, N., Ye, Y., Kawanishi, M., New rev-transport inhibitor with anti-HIV activity from Valerianae Radix (2002) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 12, pp. 2807-2810; Watanabe, K., Takatsuki, H., Sonoda, M., Tamura, S., Murakami, N., Kobayashi, N., Anti-influenza viral effects of novel nuclear export inhibitors from Valerianae Radix and Alpinia galanga (2011) Drug Discov Ther, 5, pp. 26-31; Yunshi, Z., Jing, Y., Xian, Q., Xing, L., Xieqin, L., Ganzhu, F., Geniposide demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity against pandemic A/Jiangsu/1/2009 (H1N1) influenza virus infection in vitro and in vivo (2017) Antivir Ther, 22, pp. 599-611; Hase, K., Li, J., Basnet, P., Hepatoprotective principles of swertia japonica MAKINO on D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in mice (1997) Chin Pharma Bull, 45 (11), pp. 1823-1827; Wu, S., Yang, L., Sun, W., Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of gentiopicroside derivatives as potential antiviral inhibitors (2017) Eur J Med Chem, 130, pp. 308-319; Wu, H., Li, B., Wang, X., Jin, M., Wang, G., Inhibitory effect and possible mechanism of action of patchouli alcohol against influenza A (H2N2) virus (2011) Molecules, 16 (8), pp. 6489-6501; Kiyohara, H., Ichino, C., Kawamura, Y., Nagai, T., Sato, N., Yamada, H., Patchouli alcohol: in vitro direct anti-influenza virus sesquiterpene in Pogostemon cablin Benth (2012) J Nat Med, 66, pp. 55-61; Wu, X.L., Ju, D.H., Chen, J., Immunologic mechanism of patchouli alcohol anti-H1N1 influenza virus may; through regulation of the rlh signal pathway in vitro (2013) Curr Microbiol., 67, pp. 431-436; Yong, J., Lu, C., Aisa, H.A., Advances in studies on the rupestonic acid derivatives as anti-influenza agents (2013) Mini-Rev Med Chem, 13 (2), pp. 310-315; Yong, J.P., Aisa, H.A., Chemical modification of rupestonic acid and preliminarily in vitro antiviral activity against influenza A3 and B viruses (2011) Bull Korean Chem Soc, 32, pp. 1293-1297; Zhao, J., Aisa, H.A., Synthesis and anti-influenza activity of aminoalkyl rupestonates (2012) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 22 (6), pp. 2321-2325; He, Y.W., Dong, C.Z., Zhao, J.Y., Ma, L.L., Li, Y.H., Aisa, H.A., 1,2,3-triazole-containing derivatives of rupestonic acid: click-chemical synthesis and antiviral activities against influenza viruses (2014) Eur J Med Chem, 76, pp. 245-255; Dong, J.Y., Ma, X.Y., Cai, X.Q., Sesquiterpenoids from Curcuma wenyujin with anti-influenza viral activities (2013) Phytochemistry., 85, pp. 122-128; Nhiem, N.X., Van Kiem, P., Van Minh, C., Anti-influenza sesquiterpene from the roots of Reynoutria japonica (2014) Nat Prod Commun, 9, pp. 315-318; Song, A.R., Sun, X.L., Kong, C., Discovery of a new sesquiterpenoid from Phellinus ignarius with antiviral activity against influenza virus (2014) Arch Virol., 159, pp. 753-760; Guan, W., Li, J., Chen, Q., Pterodontic acid isolated from Laggera pterodonta inhibits viral replication and inflammation induced by influenza A virus (2017) Molecules., 22, p. 1738; Xi, F.M., Liu, Y.B., Qu, J., Bioactive sesquiterpenoids from the roots of Artabotrys hexapetalus (2017) Tetrahedron., 73, pp. 571-582; Chen, C., Zeng, Q., Zhang, N., A new antiviral 14-nordrimane sesquiterpenoid from an endophytic fungus Phoma sp (2019) Phytochem Lett., 29, pp. 75-78; Gao, L., Han, J., Si, J., Cryptoporic acid E from Cryptoporus volvatus inhibits influenza virus replication in vitro (2017) Antivir Res., 143, pp. 106-112; Lin, S., Zhang, Y., Liu, M., Abietane and C20-norabietane diterpenes from the stem bark of Fraxinus sieboldiana and their biological activities (2010) J Nat Prod, 73, pp. 1914-1921; Gang, X., Fang, Z., Xian-Wen, Y., Neo-clerodane diterpenoids from Salvia dugesii and their bioactive studies (2011) Nat Prod Bioprospect., 1, pp. 81-86; Yamamoto, T., Izumi, N., Ui, H., Wickerols A and B: novel anti-influenza virus diterpenes produced by Trichoderma atroviride FKI-3849 (2012) Tetrahedron., 68, pp. 9267-9271; Cheng, S., Zhao, M., Sun, Z., Diterpenes from a Chinese collection of the brown alga Dictyota plectens (2014) J Nat Prod, 77, pp. 2685-2693; Dang, Z., Jung, K., Zhu, L., Phenolic diterpenoid derivatives as anti-influenza A virus agents (2015) ACS Med Chem Lett, 6, pp. 355-358; Tung, N.H., Kwon, H.J., Kim, J.H., Ra, J.C., Kim, J.A., Kim, Y.H., An anti-influenza component of the bark of Alnus japonica (2010) Arch Pharm Res, 33, pp. 363-367; Hong, E.H., Song, J.H., Kang, K.B., Sung, S.H., Ko, H.J., Yang, H., Anti-influenza activity of betulinic acid from Zizyphus jujuba on influenza A/PR/8 virus (2015) Biomol Ther., 23, pp. 345-349; Zarubaev, V.V., Kiselev, O.I., Shtro, A.A., The search for new drugs synthesis and antiviral activity of derivatives of meristotropic and macedonic acids (2013) Pharma Chem J., 46, pp. 579-583; Chen, J., Duan, M., Zhao, Y., Saikosaponin A inhibits influenza A virus replication and lung immunopathology (2015) Oncotarget., 6, pp. 42541-42556; Zhu, Q.C., Bang, T.H., Ohnuki, K., Sawai, T., Sawai, K., Shimizu, K., Inhibition of neuraminidase by Ganoderma triterpenoids and implications for neuraminidase inhibitor design (2015) Sci Rep, 5; Lv, X.J., Li, Y., Ma, S.G., Antiviral triterpenes from the twigs and leaves of Lyonia ovalifolia (2016) J Nat Prod, 79, pp. 2824-2837; Fang, W., Yang, Y.J., Guo, B.L., Cen, S., Anti-influenza triterpenoid saponins (saikosaponins) from the roots of Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum (2017) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 27, pp. 1654-1659; Mair, C.E., Grienke, U., Wilhelm, A., Anti-influenza triterpene saponins from the bark of Burkea africana (2018) J Nat Prod, 81, pp. 515-523; Liu, F., Wang, Y.N., Li, Y., Triterpenoids from the twigs and leaves of Rhododendron latoucheae by HPLC‒MS‒SPE‒NMR (2019) Tetrahedron., 75, pp. 296-307; Grienke, U., Zwirchmayr, J., Peintner, U., Lanostane triterpenes from Gloeophyllum odoratum and their anti-influenza effects (2019) Planta Med., 85, pp. 195-202; Song, G., Yang, S., Zhang, W., Discovery of the first series of small molecule H5N1 entry inhibitors (2009) J Med Chem, 52, pp. 7368-7371; Ding, N., Chen, Q., Zhang, W., Ren, S.M., Guo, Y., Li, Y.X., Structure–activity relationships of saponin derivatives: a series of entry inhibitors for highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus (2012) Eur J Med Chem, 53, pp. 316-326; Song, G., Shen, X., Li, S., Structure–activity relationships of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl ursolic acid derivatives as novel H5N1 entry inhibitors (2015) Eur J Med Chem, 93, pp. 431-442; Song, G., Shen, X., Li, S., Structure-activity relationships of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl oleanane-type triterpenoids as potential H5N1 entry inhibitors (2016) Eur J Med Chem, 19, pp. 109-121; Li, S., Jia, X., Shen, X., Structure-activity relationships of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl oleanic acid derivatives as entry inhibitors for highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus (2017) Bioorg Med Chem, 25, pp. 4384-4396; Baltina, L.A., Khudobko, M.V., Mikhailova, L.R., Synthesis and antiviral activity of amino-acid conjugates of glycyrrhetic acid (2014) Chem Nat Compd, 50, pp. 473-477; Baltina, L.A., Zarubaev, V.V., Baltina, L.A., Glycyrrhizic acid derivatives as influenza A/H1N1 virus inhibitors (2015) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 25, pp. 1742-1746; Yu, M., Si, L., Wang, Y., Discovery of pentacyclic triterpenoids as potential entry inhibitors of influenza viruses (2014) J Med Chem, 57, pp. 10058-10071; Han, X., Shi, Y., Si, L., Design, synthesis and biological activity evaluation of novel conjugated sialic acid and pentacyclic triterpene derivatives as anti-influenza entry inhibitors (2016) MedChemComm., 7, pp. 1932-1945; Wang, H., Xu, R., Shi, Y., Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel l-ascorbic acid-conjugated pentacyclic triterpene derivatives as potential influenza virus entry inhibitors (2016) Eur J Med Chem, 110, pp. 376-388; Shi, Y., Si, L., Han, X., Synthesis of novel pentacyclic triterpene–Neu5Ac2en derivatives and investigation of their in vitro anti-influenza entry activity (2017) MedChemComm., 8, pp. 1531-1541; Li, H., Li, M., Xu, R., Synthesis, structure activity relationship and in vitro anti-influenza virus activity of novel polyphenol-pentacyclic triterpene conjugates (2019) Eur J Med Chem, 163, pp. 560-568; Shirahata, T., Nagai, T., Hirata, N., Syntheses and mucosal adjuvant activity of simplified oleanolic acid saponins possessing cinnamoyl ester (2017) Bioorg Med Chem, 25, pp. 1747-1755; Xiao, S., Si, L., Tian, Z., Pentacyclic triterpenes grafted on CD cores to interfere with influenza virus entry: a dramatic multivalent effect (2016) Biomaterials, 78, pp. 74-85; Tian, Z., Si, L., Meng, K., Inhibition of influenza virus infection by multivalent pentacyclic triterpene-functionalized per-O-methylated cyclodextrin conjugates (2017) Eur J Med Chem, 134, pp. 133-139; Mohammed, M.M.D., El-Souda, S.S., El-Hallouty, S.M., Kobayashi, N., Antiviral and cytotoxic activities of anthraquinones isolated from cassia roxburghii linn. leaves (2013) Herba Pol., 59, pp. 33-44; Li, S.W., Yang, T.C., Lai, C.C., Antiviral activity of aloe-emodin against influenza A virus via galectin-3 up-regulation (2014) Eu J Pharma., 738, pp. 125-132; Zhang, S.P., Huang, R., Li, F.F., Antiviral anthraquinones and azaphilones produced by an endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. from Aconitum carmichaeli (2016) Fitoterapia., 112, pp. 85-89; Borges-Argáez, R., Chan-Balan, R., Cetina-Montejo, L., In vitro evaluation of anthraquinones from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) roots and several derivatives against strains of influenza virus (2019) Ind Crop Prod., 132, pp. 468-475; Chen, D.Y., Shien, J.H., Tiley, L., Curcumin inhibits influenza virus infection and haemagglutination activity (2010) Food Chem., 119, pp. 1346-1351; Grienke, U., Schmidtke, M., Kirchmair, J., Antiviral potential and molecular insight into neuraminidase inhibiting diarylheptanoids from Alpinia katsumadai (2010) J Med Chem, 53, pp. 778-786; Sawamura, R., Sun, Y., Yasukawa, K., Shimizu, T., Watanabe, W., Kurokawa, M., Antiviral activities of diarylheptanoids against influenza virus in vitro (2010) J Nat Med, 64 (1), pp. 117-120; Sawamura, R., Shimizu, T., Sun, Y., In vitro and in vivo anti-influenza virus activity of diarylheptanoids isolated from Alpinia Officinarum (2010) Antiviral Chem Chemother, 21 (1), pp. 33-41; Tung, N.H., Kwon, H.J., Kim, J.H., Anti-influenza diarylheptanoids from the bark of Alnus japonica (2010) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 20, pp. 1000-1003; Liu, K.C., Fang, J.M., Jan, J.T., Enhanced anti-influenza agents conjugated with anti-inflammatory activity (2012) J Med Chem, 55, pp. 8493-8501; Xie, Y.C., Huang, B., Yu, K.X., Shi, F.Y., Liu, T.Q., Xu, W.F., Caffeic acid derivatives: a new type of influenza neuraminidase inhibitors (2013) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 23, pp. 3556-3560; Tian, Y., Gao, L., Li, Y.S., Zhang, X.P., Cao, L., Xu, X.D., Structural modification and biological evaluation of monomeric compound from Pandanus tectorius (2015) Chin Tradit Herbal Drugs, 46, pp. 1133-1139; Law, A.H.Y., Yang, C.L.H., Lau, A.S.Y., Chan, G.C.F., Antiviral effect of forsythoside A from Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl fruit against influenza A virus through reduction of viral M1 protein (2017) J Ethnopharmacol., 209, pp. 236-247; Hayashi, K., Narutaki, K., Nagaoka, Y., Hayashi, T., Uesato, S., Therapeutic effect of arctiin and arctigenin in immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice infected with influenza A virus (2010) Biol Pharm Bull, 33, pp. 1199-1205; Srivastava, D., Shukla, K., Arctigenin, a plant lingan with tremendous potential: a review (2017) Int J Curr Res, 9, pp. 50232-50237; Parhira, S., Yang, Z.F., Zhu, G.Y., In vitro anti-influenza virus activities of a new lignan glycoside from the latex of Calotropis gigantea (2014) PLOS One., 9; Yeh, J.Y., Coumar, M.S., Horng, J.T., Anti-influenza drug discovery: structure-activity relationship and mechanistic insight into novel angelicin derivatives (2010) J Med Chem, 53, pp. 1519-1533; Shih, S.R., Horng, J.T., Poon, L.L., BPR2-D2 targeting viral ribonucleoprotein complex-associated function inhibits oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses (2010) J Antimicrob Chemother, 65, pp. 63-71; Ryu, Y.B., Kim, J.H., Park, S.J., Inhibition of neuraminidase activity by polyphenol compounds isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis (2010) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 20, pp. 971-974; Gu, W., Wang, W., Li, X.N., A novel isocoumarin with anti-influenza virus activity from Strobilanthes cusia (2015) Fitoterapia., 107, pp. 60-62; Liu, G., Xiong, S., Xiang, Y.F., Antiviral activity and possible mechanisms of action of pentagalloylglucose (PGG) against influenza A virus (2011) Arch Virol., 156, pp. 1359-1369; Abdel-Mageed, W.M., Bayoumi, S.A., Chen, C., Benzophenone C-glucosides and gallotannins from mango tree stem bark with broad-spectrum antiviral activity (2014) Bioorg Med Chem, 22, pp. 2236-2243; He, Z., Lian, W., Liu, J., Isolation, structural characterization and neuraminidase inhibitory activities of polyphenolic constituents from Flos caryophylli (2017) Phytochem Lett., 19, pp. 160-167; Chang, S.Y., Park, J.H., Kim, Y.H., Kang, J.S., Min, J.Y., A natural component from Euphorbia humifusa Willd displays novel, broad-spectrum anti-influenza activity by blocking nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (2016) Biochem Bioph Res Co, 471, pp. 282-289; Yang, L.P., Gu, X.L., Chen, J.X., Yang, J., Tan, S.Y., Duan, W.J., Chemical constituents from Canarium album Raeusch and their anti-influenza A virus activities (2018) J Nat Med, 72, pp. 808-815; Zu, M., Yang, F., Zhou, W.L., Liu, A., Du, G.H., Zheng, L.S., In vitro anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of theaflavin derivatives (2012) Antivir Res., 94, pp. 217-224; Nguyen, T.N.A., Dao, T.T., Tung, B.T., Influenza A (H1N1) neuraminidase inhibitors from Vitis amurensis (2011) Food Chem, 124, pp. 437-443; Wang, J., Yan, Y.T., Fu, S.Z., Anti-influenza virus (H5N1) activity screening on the phloroglucinols from rhizomes of Dryopteris crassirhizoma (2017) Molecules., 22, p. 431; Liu, A.L., Yang, F., Zhu, M., In vitro anti-influenza viral activities of stilbenoids from the lianas of Gnetum pendulum (2010) Planta Med., 76, pp. 1874-1876; Nguyen, P.H., Na, M., Dao, T.T., New stilbenoid with inhibitory activity on viral neuraminidases from Erythrina addisoniae (2010) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 20, pp. 6430-6434; Hwang, B.S., Lee, I.K., Choi, H.J., Yun, B.S., Anti-influenza activities of polyphenols from the medicinal mushroom Phellinus baumii (2015) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 25, pp. 3256-3260; Dao, T.T., Tung, B.T., Nguyen, P.H., C-Methylated flavonoids from cleistocalyx operculatus and their inhibitory effects on novel influenza A (H1N1) neuraminidase (2010) J Nat Prod, 73, pp. 1636-1642; Dao, T.T., Nguyen, P.H., Lee, H.S., Chalcones as novel influenza A (H1N1) neuraminidase inhibitors from Glycyrrhiza inflata (2011) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 21, pp. 294-298; Liu, A.L., Shu, S.H., Qin, H.L., Lee, S.M.Y., Wang, Y.T., Du, G.H., In vitro anti-influenza viral activities of constituents from Caesalpinia sappan (2009) Planta Med., 75, pp. 337-339; Yang, F., Zhou, W.L., Liu, A.L., The protective effect of 3-deoxysappanchalcone on in vitro influenza virus-induced apoptosis and inflammation (2012) Planta Med., 78, pp. 968-973; Ha, T.K., Dao, T.T., Nguyen, N.H., Antiviral phenolics from the leaves of Cleistocalyx operculatus (2016) Fitoterapia., 110, pp. 135-141; Yazawa, K., Kurokawa, M., Obuchi, M., Anti-influenza virus activity of tricin, 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone (2011) Antivir Chem Chemoth., 22, pp. 1-11; Wu, Q.F., Yu, C.H., Yan, Y.L., Chen, J., Zhang, C.C., Wen, X.X., Antiviral flavonoids from Mosla scabra (2010) Fitoterapia., 81, pp. 429-433; Lee, I.K., Hwang, B.S., Kim, D.W., Characterization of neuraminidase inhibitors in Korean Papaver rhoeas bee pollen contributing to anti-influenza activities in vitro (2016) Planta Med., 82, pp. 524-529; Dayem, A.A., Choi, H.Y., Kim, Y.B., Cho, S.G., Antiviral effect of methylated flavonol isorhamnetin against influenza (2015) PLOS One., 10; Ji, S., Li, R., Wang, Q., Anti-H1N1 virus, cytotoxic and Nrf2 activation activities of chemical constituents from Scutellaria baicalensis (2015) J Ethnopharmacol., 176, pp. 475-484; Ming, C., Lan, X., Zhang, M.B., Chu, Z.Y., Wang, Y.D., Role of baicalin in anti-influenza virus A as a potent inducer of IFN-gamma (2015) BioMed Res Int., 2015; Chung, S.T., Chien, P.Y., Huang, W.H., Yao, C.W., Lee, A.R., Synthesis and anti-influenza activities of novel baicalein analogs (2014) Chem Pharma Bull., 62, pp. 415-421; Mohammed, M.M., Hamdy, A.H., Elfiky, N.M., Mettwally, W.S., Elbeih, A.A., Kobayashi, N., Anti-influenza A virus activity of a new dihydrochalcone diglycoside isolated from the Egyptian seagrass Thalassodendron ciliatum (Forsk.) den Hartog (2014) Nat Prod Res, 28, pp. 377-382; Thapa, M., Kim, Y., Desper, J., Chang, K.O., Hua, D.H., Synthesis and antiviral activity of substituted quercetins (2012) Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 22, pp. 353-356; Chung, S.T., Huang, Y.T., Hsiung, H.Y., Huang, W.H., Yao, C.W., Lee, A.R., Novel daidzein analogs and their in vitro anti-influenza activities (2015) Chem Biodivers., 12, pp. 685-696; Du, X., Xuan, B.X., Shen, Z.W., Chemical constituents with neuraminidase inhibitory actives from Campylotropis Hirtella (2015) Acta Chim Sinica., 73, pp. 741-748; Yu, M., Wang, Y., Tian, L., Safflomin A inhibits neuraminidase activity and influenza virus replication (2015) RSC Adv., 5, pp. 94053-94066; Li, B., Ni, Y., Zhu, L.J., Flavonoids from Matteuccia struthiopteris and their anti-influenza virus (H1N1) activity (2015) J Nat Prod, 78, pp. 987-995; Gansukh, E., Kazibwe, Z., Pandurangan, M., Judy, G., Kim, D.H., Probing the impact of quercetin-7-O-glucoside on influenza virus replication influence (2016) Phytomedicine., 23, pp. 958-967; Cecil, C.E., Davis, J.M., Cech, N.B., Laster, S.M., Inhibition of H1N1 influenza A virus growth and induction of inflammatory mediators by the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine and extracts of goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) (2011) Int Immunopharmacol., 11, pp. 1706-1714; Wu, Y., Li, J.Q., Kim, Y.J., Wu, J., Wang, Q., Hao, Y., In vivo and in vitro antiviral effects of berberine on influenza virus (2011) Chin J Integr Med, 17, pp. 444-452; Enkhtaivan, G., Muthuraman, P., Kim, D.H., Mistry, B., Discovery of berberine based derivatives as anti-influenza agent through blocking of neuraminidase (2017) Bioorg Med Chem, 25, pp. 5185-5193; Fan, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, P., Indole-diterpenoids with anti-H1N1 activity from the aciduric fungus Penicillium camemberti OUCMDZ-1492 (2013) J Nat Prod, 76, pp. 1328-1336; He, J., Qi, W.B., Wang, L., Amaryllidaceae alkaloids inhibit nuclear-to-cytoplasmic export of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 (2013) Influenza Other Resp., 7, pp. 922-931; Zhang, G., Zhang, B., Zhang, X., Bing F. Homonojirimycin, an alkaloid from dayflower inhibits the growth of influenza A virus in vitro (2013) Acta Virol., 57, pp. 85-86; Zhang, G.B., Tian, L.Q., Li, Y., Liao, M., Li, Y.F., Bing, J., FH. Protective effect of homonojirimycin from Commelina communis (dayflower) on influenza virus infection in mice (2013) Phytomedicine., 20, pp. 964-968; Dang, Z., Jung, K., Zhu, L., Identification and synthesis of quinolizidines with anti-influenza A virus activity (2014) ACS Med Chem Lett, 5, pp. 942-946; Chen, X., Si, L., Liu, D., Neoechinulin B and its analogues as potential entry inhibitors of influenza viruses, targeting viral hemagglutinin (2015) Eur J Med Chem, 93, pp. 182-195; Li, R.C., Liu, T., Liu, M.M., Chen, F.M., Liu, S.W., Yang, J., Anti-influenza A virus activity of dendrobine and its mechanism of action (2017) J Agr Food Chem, 65, pp. 3665-3674; Chiba, T., Asami, Y., Suga, T., Herquline A, produced by Penicillium herquei FKI-7215, exhibits anti-influenza virus properties (2017) Biosci Biotech Bioch., 81, pp. 59-62; Huang, F., Chen, J., Zhang, J., Identification of a novel compound targeting the nuclear export of influenza A virus nucleoprotein (2018) J Cell Mol Med, 22, pp. 1826-1839; Fan, X., Yang, L., Liu, Z., Diterpenoid alkaloids from the whole plant of Aconitum tanguticum (Maxim.) Stapf (2019) Phytochemistry, 160, pp. 71-77; Akiko, I., Pillai, P.S., Innate immunity to influenza virus infection (2014) Nat Rev Immunol, 14 (5), pp. 315-328; (1986), College of Jiangsu New Medical., Dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine, Shanghai Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House; (2015), Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission,. Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China, Part 1, Beijing China Medical Science Press; Zhang, S.H., Chemical consitituents from root of Isatis indigotica (1983) Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 14, pp. 247-248; Wu, X.Y., Qin, G.W., Cheung, K.K., Cheng, K.F., New alkaloids from Isatis indigotica (1997) Tetrahedron., 53 (39), pp. 13323-13328; Wu, X., Liu, Y., Sheng, W., Sun, J., Qin, G., Chemical constituents of Isatis indigotica (1997) Planta Med., 63, pp. 55-57; Li, B., Chen, W.S., Zheng, S.Q., Yang, G.J., Qiao, C.Z., Two new alkaloids isolated from tetraploidy banlangen (2000) Acta Pharm Sin., 35, pp. 508-510; Chen, S., Li, B., Dong, W., Yang, G.J., Zhuo, C., A new alkaloid from the root of Isatis indigotica fort (2001) Chin Chem Lett, 6, pp. 501-502; Wei, X.Y., Leung, C.Y., Wong, C.K., Bisindigotin, a TCDD antagonist from the Chinese medicinal herb Isatis indigotica (2005) J Nat Prod, 68 (3), pp. 427-429; Liu, J.F., Jiang, Z.Y., Wang, R.R., Isatisine A, a novel alkaloid with an unprecedented skeleton from leaves of Isatis indigotica (2007) Org Lett., 9 (21), pp. 4127-4129; Sun, D.D., Dong, W.W., Li, X.B., Zhang, H.Q., Indole alkaloids from the roots of Isatis ingigotica and their antiherpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) activity in vitro (2010) Chem Nat Compd, 46 (5), pp. 763-766; Li, B., Chen, W.S., Zhao, Y., Zhang, H.M., Qiao, C.Z., Phenylpropanoids isolated from tetraploid roots of Isatis indigotica (2005) Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 36 (3), pp. 326-328; He, L.W., Li, X., Chen, J.W., Sun, D.D., Ju, W.Z., Wang, K.C., Chemical constituents from water extract of Radix isatidis (2006) Acta Pharm Sin, 41 (12), pp. 1193-1196; Zuo, L., Li, J.B., Xu, J., Yang, J.Z., Zhang, D.M., Tong, Y.L., Studies on chemical constituents in root of Isatis indigotica (2007) Chin J Chin Mater Med., 32, pp. 688-691; Sun, D.D., Dong, W.W., Li, X., Zhang, H.Q., Isolation, structural determination and cytotoxic activity of two new ceramides from the root of Isatis indigotica (2009) Sci China, Ser B: Chem., 52 (5), pp. 621-625; He, Y., Lu, J., Lin, R.C., Studies on chemical constituents in root of Isatis indigotica (2003) Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 34, pp. 777-778; Huang, Q.S., Yoshihira, K., Natori, S., Isolation of 2-Hydroxy-3-butenyl thiocyanate, epigoitrin, and adenosine from 'banlangen', Isatis indigotica root (1981) Planta Med, 42 (7), pp. 308-310; Liu, J.F., Zhang, X.M., Xue, D.Q., Jiang, Z.Y., Gu, Q., Chen, J.J., Studies on chemical constituents from leaves of Isatis indigotica (2006) Chin J Chin Mater Med, 31 (23), pp. 1961-1965; Yang, L., Wang, G., Wang, M., Indole alkaloids from the roots of Isatis indigotica and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production (2014) Fitoterapia, 95, pp. 175-181; Zhou, J., Yao, S.L., Yang, C.X., Zhong, J.Y., Wang, H.B., Zhang, Y., In vitro inhibition of influenza virus infection by a crude extract from Isatis indigotica root resulting in the prevention of viral attachment (2012) Mol Med Rep, 5, pp. 793-799; Shin, E.K., Kim, D.H., Lim, H., Shin, H.K., Kim, J.K., The anti-inflammatory effects of a methanolic extract from Radix Isatidisin murine macrophages and mice (2010) Inflammation., 33 (2), pp. 110-118; Zhao, Y.L., Wang, J.B., Shan, L.M., Jin, C., Ma, L., Xiao, X.H., Effect of Radix Isatidis polysaccharides on immunological function and expression of immune related cytokines in mice (2008) Chin J Integr Med, 14 (3), pp. 207-211; Yang, Z.F., Wang, Y., Zeng, Z., Antiviral activity of Isatis indigotica root-derived clemastanin B against human and avian influenza A and B viruses in vitro (2013) Int J Mol Med, 31, pp. 867-873; Zhu, Q., Yang, Z.F., Li, C.Y., Inventors; Macau University of Science and Technology, assignee. Application of indole-3-acetonitrile-6-O-, -D-glucopyranoside in pharmaceuticals for treating influenza. 102836168 A. 2012; Mok, C.K., Kang, S.S., Chan, R.W., Anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects of indirubin derivatives in influenza A (H5N1) virus infected primary human peripheral blood-derived macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells (2014) Antiviral Res., 106, pp. 95-104; O'Keefe, B.R., Smee, D.F., Turpin, J.A., Potent anti-influenza activity of cyanovirin-N and interactions with viral hemagglutinin (2003) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 47 (8), pp. 2518-2525; Luo, Z., Liu, L.F., Wang, X.H., Epigoitrin, an alkaloid from Isatis indigotica, reduces H1N1 infection in stress-induced susceptible model in vivo and in vitro (2019) Front Pharmacol., 10, p. 78; He, L., Fan, F., Hou, X., 4(3H)-Quinazolone regulates innate immune signaling upon respiratory syncytial virus infection by moderately inhibiting the RIG-1 pathway in RAW264.7 cell (2017) Int Immunopharmacol, 52, pp. 245-252; Li, J., Zhou, B., Li, C., Lariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from the root of Isatis indigotica inhibits influenza A virus-induced pro-inflammatory response (2015) J Ethnopharmacol., 174, pp. 379-386; Zhou, B.X., Li, J., Liang, X.L., Yang, Z.F., Jiang, Z.H., Transcriptome profiling of influenza A virus-infected lung epithelial (A549) cells with lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment (2017) PLOS One., 12 (3); Shan, J., Zhao, C., Li, Q., An arabinogalactan from Isatis indigotica and its adjuvant effects on H1N1 influenza and hepatitis B antigens (2015) J Funct Foods., 18, pp. 631-642; Chen, M., Gan, L., Lin, S., Alkaloids from the Root of Isatis indigotica (2012) J Nat Prod, 75 (6), pp. 1167-1176; Guo, Q., Xu, C., Chen, M., Sulfur-enriched alkaloids from the root of Isatis indigotica (2018) Acta Pharm Sin B., 8 (6), pp. 933-943; Liu, Y.F., Chen, M.H., Lin, S., Indole alkaloid glucosides from the roots of Isatis indigotica (2016) J Asian Nat Prod Res, 18 (1), pp. 1-12; Liu, Y.F., Chen, M.H., Guo, Q.L., Antiviral glycosidic bisindole alkaloids from the roots of Isatis indigotica (2015) J Asian Nat Prod Res, 17 (7), pp. 689-704; Chen, M., Lin, S., Li, L., Enantiomers of an indole alkaloid containing unusual dihydrothiopyran and 1,2,4-thiadiazole rings from the root of Isatis indigotica (2012) Org Lett., 14 (22), pp. 5668-5671; Chen, M.H., Lin, S., Wang, Y.N., Antiviral stereoisomers of 3,5-bis(2-hydroxybut-3-en-1-yl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole from the roots of Isatis indigotica (2016) Chin Chem Lett, 27 (5), pp. 643-648; Meng, L., Guo, Q., Liu, Y., Indole alkaloid sulfonic acids from an aqueous extract of Isatis indigotica roots and their antiviral activity (2017) Acta Pharm Sin B., 7 (3), pp. 334-341; Yu, Y., Zhu, C.G., Wang, S.J., Song, W.X., Yang, Y.C., Shi, J.G., Homosecoiridoid alkaloids with amino acid units from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica (2013) J Nat Prod, 76 (12), pp. 2226-2233; Ding, Y., Cao, Z.Y., Cao, L., Ding, G., Wang, Z.Z., Xiao, W., Antiviral activity of chlorogenic acid against influenza A (H1N1/H3N2) virus and its inhibition of neuraminidase (2017) Sci Rep, 7 (1); Duan, Z.P., Jia, Z.H., Zhang, J., Natural herbal medicine Lianhuaqingwen capsule anti-influenza A (H1N1) trial: a randomized, double blind, positive controlled clinical trial (2011) Chin Med J, 124, pp. 2925-2933; Ding, Y., Zeng, L., Li, R., The Chinese prescription lianhuaqingwen capsule exerts anti-influ-enza activity through the inhibition of viral propagation and impacts immune function (2017) BMC Complement Altern Med., 17, p. 130; Lu, H.Z., Drug treatment options for the 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) (2020) Biosci Trends, 4, pp. 69-71; Liu, G.X., Zhang, Y.X., Yang, J.Q., The randomized controlled study of Lianhuaqinwen capsule in treating A/H1N1 influenza (2010) Chin J Diffic and Compl Dis Cas, 1, pp. 14-16; Ling, C.G., Effect of RDN on aging pneumonic (2010) Guide Chin Med., 8, pp. 453-454; Tang, L.P., Mao, Z.F., Li, X.X., ReDuNing, a patented Chinese medicine, reduces the susceptibility to H1N1 influenza of mice loaded with restraint stress (2014) Eur J Integrat Med, 6, pp. 637-645; Li, H.B., Yu, Y., Wang, Z.Z., Xiao, W., Yao, X.S., Research on antiviral constituents in Re-Du-Ning injection (I) (2014) Chin Tradit Herb Drugs, 45 (12), pp. 1682-1688; Zhong, J., Cui, X., Shi, Y., Gao, Y., Cao, H., Antiviral activity of Jinchai capsule against influenza virus (2013) J Tadit Chin Med, 33, pp. 200-204; Wu, Q.F., Zhu, W.R., Yan, Y.L., Zhang, X.X., Jiang, Y.Q., Zhang, F.L., Anti-H1N1 influenza effects and its possible mechanism of Huanglian Xiangru Decoction (2016) J Ethnopharmacol., 185, pp. 282-288; Chen, H., Jie, C., Tang, L.P., New insights into the effects and mechanism of a classic traditional Chinese medicinal formula on influenza prevention (2017) Phytomedicine., 27, pp. 52-62; Yin, J., Ma, L., Wang, H., Chinese herbal medicine compound Yi-Zhi-Hao pellet inhibits replication of influenza virus infection through activation of heme oxygenase-1 (2017) Acta Pharma Sin B., 7, pp. 630-637; Fu, Y.J., Yan, Y.Q., Qin, H.Q., Effects of different principles of traditional Chinese medicine treatment on TLR7/NF-κB signaling pathway in influenza virus infected mice (2018) Chin Med, 13, p. 42; Qin, H.Q., Shi, S.S., Fu, Y.J., Effects of Gui Zhi Ma Huang Ge Ban Tang on the TLR7 pathway in influenza virus infected mouse lungs in a cold environment (2018) Evid-Based Compl Alt, 2018; Ma, Q., Yu, Q., Xing, X., Liu, S., Shi, C., Luo, J., San Wu Huangqin Decoction, a Chinese herbal formula, inhibits influenza a/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus infection In vitro and in vivo (2018) Viruses, 10, p. 117; Li, Q.L., Pang, P., Zheng, K., Sun, L., Wang, J., Chen, X.Y., Xin-Jia-Xiang-Ru-Yin alleviated H1N1-induced acute lung injury and inhibited the IFN-γ-related regulatory pathway in summer flu (2018) Biomed Pharmacother, 108, pp. 201-207; Zhang, T., Xiao, M., Wong, C.K., Sheng Jiang San, a traditional multi-herb formulation, exerts anti-influenza effects in vitro and in vivo via neuraminidase inhibition and immune regulation (2018) BMC Complem Altern Med, 18, p. 150; Runfeng, L., Yunlong, H., Jicheng, H., Lianhuaqingwen exerts antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (2020) Pharmacol Res., 156; Kwon, H.J., Kim, H.H., Yoon, S.Y., In Vitro inhibitory activity of Alpinia katsumadai extracts against influenza virus infection and hemagglutination (2010) Virol J, 7 (1), p. 307; Makau, J.N., Watanabe, K., Kobayashi, N., Anti-influenza activity of Alchemilla mollis extract: possible virucidal activity against influenza virus particles (2013) Drug Discov Ther, 7, pp. 189-195; Makau, J.N., Watanabe, K., Mmd, M., Nishida, N., Antiviral activity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) skin extract against human influenza viruses (2018) J Med Food, 21, pp. 777-784; Derksen, A., Kühn, J., Hafezi, W., Antiviral activity of hydroalcoholic extract from Eupatorium perfoliatum L. against the attachment of influenza A virus (2016) J Ethnopharmacol., 188, pp. 144-152; Haruyama, T., Nagata, K., Anti-influenza virus activity of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts (2013) J Nat Med, 67, pp. 636-642; Wang, Y., Zhou, B., Lu, J., Inhibition of influenza virus via a sesquiterpene fraction isolated from Laggera pterodonta by targeting the NF-κB and p38 pathways (2017) BMC Complem Altern Med, 17, p. 25; Ho, J.Y., Chang, H.W., Lin, C.F., Liu, C.J., Hsieh, C.F., Horng, J.T., Characterization of the anti-influenza activity of the Chinese herbal plant Paeonia lactiflora (2014) Viruses., 6, pp. 1861-1875; Moradi, M.T., Karimi, A., Rafieian-Kopaei, M., Fotouhi, F., In vitro antiviral effects of Peganum harmala seed extract and its total alkaloids against Influenza virus (2017) Microb Pathogenesis., 110, pp. 42-49; Moradi, M.T., Karimi, A., Fotouhi, F., Kheiri, S., Torabi, A., In vitro and in vivo effects of Peganum harmala L. seeds extract against influenza A virus (2017) Avicenna J Phytomed., 7, pp. 519-530; Yang, C.H., Tan, D.H., Hsu, W.L., Anti-influenza virus activity of the ethanolic extract from Peperomia sui (2014) J Ethnopharmacol., 155, pp. 320-325; Tran, T.T., Kim, M., Jang, Y., Characterization and mechanisms of anti-influenza virus metabolites isolated from the Vietnamese medicinal plant Polygonum chinense (2017) BMC Complem Altern Med., 17, p. 162; Sriwilaijaroen, N., Fukumoto, S., Kumagai, K., Antiviral effects of Psidium guajava Linn. (guava) tea on the growth of clinical isolated H1N1 viruses: its role in viral hemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition (2012) Antivir Res., 94, pp. 139-146; Yang, X.Y., Liu, A.L., Liu, S.J., Xu, X.W., Huang, L.F., Screening for neuraminidase inhibitory activity in traditional chinese medicines used to treat influenza (2016) Molecules., 21, p. 1138; De, J., Lu, Y., Ling, L., Peng, N., Zhong, Y., Essential oil composition and bioactivities of Waldheimia glabra (Asteraceae) from Qinghai-Tibet plateau (2017) Molecules., 22, p. 460; Komatsu, T., Kido, N., Sugiyama, T., Yokochi, T., Antiviral activity of acidic polysaccharides from Coccomyxa gloeobotrydiformi, a green alga, against an in vitro human influenza A virus infection (2013) Immunopharma Immunot., 35, pp. 1-7; Tian, L., Wang, Z., Wu, H., Evaluation of the anti-neuraminidase activity of the traditional Chinese medicines and determination of the anti-influenza A virus effects of the neuraminidase inhibitory TCMs in vitro and in vivo (2011) J Ethnopharmacol., 137, pp. 534-542; Zhao, X.F., Zheng, X.H., Fan, T.P., Li, Z.J., Zhang, Y.Y., Zheng, J.B., A novel drug discovery strategy inspired by traditional medicine philosophies (2015) Science., 347 (6219), pp. S38-S40; Hsieh, C.F., Chen, Y.L., Lin, C.F., An extract from Taxodium distichum targets hemagglutinin- and neuraminidase-related activities of influenza virus in vitro (2016) Sci Rep, 6; Wu, W., Li, R., Li, X., Quercetin as an antiviral agent inhibits influenza A virus (IAV) entry (2016) Viruses, 8, p. 6 PY - 2020 SN - 01986325 (ISSN) SP - 2290-2338 ST - Development of anti-influenza agents from natural products T2 - Medicinal Research Reviews TI - Development of anti-influenza agents from natural products UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087931957&doi=10.1002%2fmed.21707&partnerID=40&md5=4ff57866a7d851d94a16a7d8de011237 VL - 40 ID - 314 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 20075, United States Department of Party Committee, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China Department of Medical Records, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China Center of Integrative Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China AU - Zhao, Y. AU - Sun, D. L. AU - Bouchard, H. C. AU - Zhang, X. X. AU - Wan, G. AU - Hao Yi, W. AU - He, S. X. AU - Jiang, Y. Y. AU - Pang, L. C2 - 32933613 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3967/bes2020.080 IS - 8 J2 - Biomed. Environ. Sci. KW - Betacoronavirus blood case control study child comparative study Coronavirus infection female human immunology influenza male pandemic physiology virology virus pneumonia Case-Control Studies Coronavirus Infections Humans Influenza, Human Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: PANG, L.; Department of Pediatrics, China; email: panglin306@sina.com Correspondence Address: JIANG, Y.Y.; Center of Integrative Medicine, China; email: 13810051802@139.com References: Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Zimmermann, P., Curtis, N., Coronavirus infections in children including COVID-19 an overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention options in children (2020) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 39, pp. 355-368; Iuliano, A.D., Roguski, K.M., Chang, H.H., Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study (2018) Lancet, 391, pp. 1285-1300; National Health Commission and State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Diagnosis and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia (trial version 7) http://www.kankyokansen.org/uploads/uploads/files/jsipc/protocol_V7.pdf, [2020-5-27]; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, For parents: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/children/mis-c.html, [2020-5-27]; Chen, D., Li, X., Song, Q., Hypokalemia and clinical implications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-80 e8; Chadwick, L., Explained: inflammatory syndrome in children possibly linked to COVID-19 https://www.euronews.com/2020/05/24/coronavirus-what-is-kawasaki-disease-and-its-possible-link-with-covid-19-in-children, [2020-5-27]; Phan, L.T., Nguyen, T.V., Luong, Q.C., Importation and human-to-human transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 872-874; Tang, N., Li, D., Wang, X., Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18, pp. 844-847 PY - 2020 SN - 08953988 (ISSN) SP - 614-619 ST - Coronavirus Disease 2019 versus Influenza A in Children: An Observational Control Study in China T2 - Biomedical and Environmental Sciences TI - Coronavirus Disease 2019 versus Influenza A in Children: An Observational Control Study in China UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091052021&doi=10.3967%2fbes2020.080&partnerID=40&md5=104fb35717aa2d53366cae57e057d1dc VL - 33 ID - 420 ER - TY - JOUR AB - We report the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) comorbid with leukemia in a patient hospitalized in Beijing, China. The patient showed a prolonged manifestation of symptoms and a protracted diagnosis period of COVID-19. It is necessary to extend isolation time, increase the number of nucleic acid detections and conduct early symptomatic treatment for children with both COVID-19 and additional health problems. © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China Department of Infection, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, United States AU - Zhao, Y. AU - Zhao, W. AU - Wang, A. AU - Qian, F. AU - Wang, S. AU - Zhuang, L. AU - Zhang, F. AU - Sun, D. AU - Sun, D. AU - Gao, G. C2 - 32404780 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/INF.0000000000002742 J2 - Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. KW - Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Coronavirus disease 2019 Cough Fever Liver dysfunction Betacoronavirus blood case report China Coronavirus infection epidemiology human isolation and purification leukemia male pandemic pathology preschool child virology virus pneumonia Beijing Child, Preschool Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PIDJE Correspondence Address: Gao, G.; Department of Infection, China; email: guiju.gao@163.com References: Zhou, P., Yang, X.L., Wang, X.G., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature., 579, pp. 270-273; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet., 395, pp. 497-506; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N Engl J Med., 382, pp. 727-733; https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200315-sitrep-55-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=33daa5cb6, World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-55 Accessed March 15, 2020; https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia-briefing-on-covid-19-11-march-2020, World Health Organization. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020 Accessed March 11, 2020; Phan, L.T., Nguyen, T.V., Luong, Q.C., Importation and human-tohuman transmission of a novel coronavirus in Vietnam (2020) N Engl J Med., 382, pp. 872-874; Rothe, C., Schunk, M., Sothmann, P., Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany (2020) N Engl J Med., 382, pp. 970-971; Holshue, M., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States (2020) N Engl J Med., 382, pp. 929-936; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA., 323, pp. 1061-1069; Allemani, C., Matsuda, T., Di Carlo, V., Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000-14 (concord-3): Analysis of individual records for 37 513 025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries (2018) Lancet., 391, pp. 1023-1075. , CONCORD Working Group; Gao, C., Zhao, X.X., Li, W.J., Clinical features, early treatment responses, and outcomes of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia in China with or without specific fusion transcripts: A single institutional study of 1,004 patients (2012) Am J Hematol., 87, pp. 1022-1027; Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: Implications for virus origins and receptor binding (2020) Lancet., 395, pp. 565-574; Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N Engl J Med., 382, pp. 1199-1207; Chan, J.F., Yuan, S., Kok, K., A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: A study of a family cluster (2020) Lancet., 395, pp. 514-523; Shao, P., Shan, W., Beware of Asymptomatic Transmission: Study on 2019-nCoV Prevention and Control Measures Based on Extended Seir Model, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.28.923169, BioRxiv manuscript Accessed January 28, 2020; Lei, C., Fu, W., Qian, K., Potent Neutralization of 2019 Novel Coronavirus by Recombinant ACE2-Ig, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.01.929976, BioRxiv manuscript Accessed February 1, 2020; Li, B., Shen, J., Li, L., Radiographic and clinical features of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia (2020) Indian Pediatr.; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Sars-cov-2 cell entry depends on ace2 and tmprss2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell.; Fauci, A., Lane, H., Redfield, R., Covid-19-navigating the uncharted (2020) N Engl J Med., 382, pp. 1268-1269 PY - 2020 SN - 08913668 (ISSN) SP - E142-E145 ST - First case of coronavirus disease 2019 in childhood Leukemia in China T2 - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal TI - First case of coronavirus disease 2019 in childhood Leukemia in China UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086345798&doi=10.1097%2fINF.0000000000002742&partnerID=40&md5=8774f7fb8a61cb467d9feabd1f4de3f1 ID - 570 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 160 Dental Circle, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, United States AU - Zhou, R. C2 - 32363381 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa392 IS - 22 J2 - Eur. Heart J. KW - cardiovascular magnetic resonance China coronavirus disease 2019 disease course edema heart arrest heart muscle biopsy heart muscle injury human inflammatory infiltrate left ventricular systolic dysfunction mortality necrosis nonhuman Note priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 takotsubo cardiomyopathy virus genome virus myocarditis Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection myocarditis pandemic SARS coronavirus virus pneumonia Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral SARS Virus LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :17 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: EHJOD Correspondence Address: Zhou, R.; Division of Cardiology, 160 Dental Circle, United States; email: ruihai_zhou@med.unc.edu References: Inciardi, RM, Lupi, L, Zaccone, G, Italia, L, Raffo, M, Tomasoni, D, Cani, DS, Metra, M., Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) JAMA Cardiol; Sala, S, Peretto, G, Gramegna, M, Palmisano, A, Villatore, A, Vignale, D, De Cobelli, F, Godino, C., Acute myocarditis presenting as a reverse Tako-Tsubo syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection (2020) Eur Heart J, 41, pp. 1861-1862; Xu, Z, Shi, L, Wang, Y, Zhang, J, Huang, L, Zhang, C, Liu, S, Wang, FS., Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 420-422; Bratis, K., Cardiac magnetic resonance in Takotsubo syndrome (2017) Eur Cardiol, 12, pp. 58-62; Kawai, S, Shimada, T., Inflammation in takotsubo cardiomyopathy? Inquiry from 'Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocarditis (JCS 2009)' (2014) J Cardiol, 63, pp. 247-249 PY - 2020 SN - 0195668X (ISSN) SP - 2123 ST - Does SARS-CoV-2 cause viral myocarditis in COVID-19 patients? T2 - European Heart Journal TI - Does SARS-CoV-2 cause viral myocarditis in COVID-19 patients? UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086299394&doi=10.1093%2feurheartj%2fehaa392&partnerID=40&md5=fcf76ff55fb56b9f2a32815946d01c6c VL - 41 ID - 481 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Ascertaining preferences for SARS-CoV-2 testing and incorporating findings into the design and implementation of strategies for delivering testing services may enhance testing uptake and engagement, a prerequisite to reducing onward transmission. Objective: This study aims to determine important drivers of decisions to obtain a SARS-CoV-2 test in the context of increasing community transmission. Methods: We used a discrete choice experiment to assess preferences for SARS-CoV-2 test type, specimen type, testing venue, and results turnaround time. Participants (n=4793) from the US national longitudinal Communities, Households and SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology (CHASING) COVID Cohort Study completed our online survey from July 30 to September 8, 2020. We estimated the relative importance of testing method attributes and part-worth utilities of attribute levels, and simulated the uptake of an optimized testing scenario relative to the current typical testing scenario of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) via nasopharyngeal swab in a provider's office or urgent care clinic with results in >5 days. Results: Test result turnaround time had the highest relative importance (30.4%), followed by test type (28.3%), specimen type (26.2%), and venue (15.0%). In simulations, immediate or same-day test results, both PCR and serology, or oral specimens substantially increased testing uptake over the current typical testing option. Simulated uptake of a hypothetical testing scenario of PCR and serology via a saliva sample at a pharmacy with same-day results was 97.7%, compared to 0.6% for the current typical testing scenario, with 1.8% opting for no test. Conclusions: Testing strategies that offer both PCR and serology with noninvasive methods and rapid turnaround time would likely have the most uptake and engagement among residents in communities with increasing community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. © Rebecca Zimba, Sarah Kulkarni, Amanda Berry, William You, Chloe Mirzayi, Drew Westmoreland, Angela Parcesepe, Levi Waldron, Madhura Rane, Shivani Kochhar, McKaylee Robertson, Andrew Maroko, Christian Grov, Denis Nash. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http://publichealth.jmir.org), 31.12.2020. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://publichealth.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. AD - Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States AU - Zimba, R. AU - Kulkarni, S. AU - Berry, A. AU - You, W. AU - Mirzayi, C. AU - Westmoreland, D. AU - Parcesepe, A. AU - Waldron, L. AU - Rane, M. AU - Kochhar, S. AU - Robertson, M. AU - Maroko, A. AU - Grov, C. AU - Nash, D. C7 - e25546 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2196/25546 IS - 4 J2 - JMIR Publ. Heal. Surveil. KW - Cohort study COVID-19 Discrete choice experiment Engagement Implementation science Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 Stated preference study Testing LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Zimba, R.; Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health City University of New York, 55 W 125th St, United States; email: rebecca.zimba@sph.cuny.edu Funding details: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD, P2C HD050924 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, UH3AI133675 Funding details: City University of New York, CUNY Funding details: Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CPC Funding text 1: This study was supported by the CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health (DN), the COVID-19 Grant Program of the CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (DN), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UH3AI133675 (DN and CG), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development under Award Number P2C HD050924 (AP, The Carolina Population Center). References: Havers, FP, Reed, C, Lim, T, Montgomery, JM, Klena, JD, Hall, AJ, Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 10 sites in the United States, March 23-May 12, 2020 JAMA Intern Med, , 2020 Jul 21. [doi] [Medline: 32692365]; Giordano, G, Blanchini, F, Bruno, R, Colaneri, P, Di Filippo, A, Di Matteo, A, Modelling the COVID-19 epidemic and implementation of population-wide interventions in Italy (2020) Nat Med, 26 (6), pp. 855-860. , Jun; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32322102]; Nash, D, Geng, E., Goal-aligned, epidemic intelligence for the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Am J Public Health, 110 (8), pp. 1154-1156. , Aug; [doi] [Medline: 32614614]; (2020) COVID Tracking Project at the Atlantic, , https://covidtracking.com/data, New tests (total test results). [accessed 2020-09-09]; Kates, J, Michaud, J, Orgera, K, Levitt, L., What testing capacity do we need? (2020), https://www.kff.org/policy-watch/what-testing-capacity-do-we-need/, Kaiser Family Foundation. Apr 17. [accessed 2020-09-09]; Tromberg, BJ, Schwetz, TA, Pérez-Stable, EJ, Hodes, RJ, Woychik, RP, Bright, RA, Rapid scaling up of Covid-19 diagnostic testing in the United States - The NIH RADx Initiative (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (11), pp. 1071-1077. , Sep 10; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32706958]; Ryan, M, Farrar, S., Using conjoint analysis to elicit preferences for health care (2000) BMJ, 320 (7248), pp. 1530-1533. , Jun 03; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 10834905]; Reed Johnson, F, Lancsar, E, Marshall, D, Kilambi, V, Mühlbacher, A, Regier, DA, Constructing experimental designs for discrete-choice experiments: report of the ISPOR Conjoint Analysis Experimental Design Good Research Practices Task Force (2013) Value Health, 16 (1), pp. 3-13. , [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 23337210]; Robertson, M, Kulkarni, S, Berry, A, Mirzayi, C, Maroko, A, Zimba, R, A national prospective cohort study of SARS/COV2 pandemic outcomes in the U.S.: The CHASING COVID Cohort medRxiv. Preprint posted online May 4, 2020 [FREE Full _text] [doi]; Hauber, AB, González, JM, Groothuis-Oudshoorn, CGM, Prior, T, Marshall, DA, Cunningham, C, Statistical methods for the analysis of discrete choice experiments: a report of the ISPOR Conjoint Analysis Good Research Practices Task Force (2016) Value Health, 19 (4), pp. 300-315. , Jun; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 27325321]; Sawtooth Software, , https://sawtoothsoftware.com/help/lighthouse-studio/manual/hid_randomizedfirstchoice.html, Randomized first choice. [accessed 2020-08-21]; Orme, B., (2014) Getting Started with Conjoint Analysis, , Manhattan Beach, CA: Research Publishers, LLC; Kretzschmar, ME, Rozhnova, G, Bootsma, MCJ, van Boven, M, van de Wijgert, JHHM, Bonten, MJM., Impact of delays on effectiveness of contact tracing strategies for COVID-19: a modelling study (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5 (8), pp. e452-e459. , Aug; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32682487]; Lang, EV, Berbaum, KS, Lutgendorf, SK., Large-core breast biopsy: abnormal salivary cortisol profiles associated with uncertainty of diagnosis (2009) Radiology, 250 (3), pp. 631-637. , Mar; [doi] [Medline: 19244038]; Bennett, P, Phelps, C, Brain, K, Hood, K, Gray, J., A randomized controlled trial of a brief self-help coping intervention designed to reduce distress when awaiting genetic risk information (2007) J Psychosom Res, 63 (1), pp. 59-64. , Jul; [doi] [Medline: 17586338]; Lerman, C, Croyle, RT, Tercyak, KP, Hamann, H., Genetic testing: psychological aspects and implications (2002) J Consult Clin Psychol, 70 (3), pp. 784-797. , Jun; [doi] [Medline: 12090383]; Pearson, WS, Kreisel, K, Peterman, TA, Zlotorzynska, M, Dittus, PJ, Habel, MA, Improving STD service delivery: would American patients and providers use self-tests for gonorrhea and chlamydia? (2018) Prev Med, 115, pp. 26-30. , Oct;: [doi] [Medline: 30096329]; Figueroa, C, Johnson, C, Ford, N, Sands, A, Dalal, S, Meurant, R, Reliability of HIV rapid diagnostic tests for self-testing compared with testing by health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) Lancet HIV, 5 (6), pp. e277-e290. , Jun; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 29703707]; Hall, EW, Luisi, N, Zlotorzynska, M, Wilde, G, Sullivan, P, Sanchez, T, Willingness to use home collection methods to provide specimens for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 research: survey study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (9), p. e19471. , Sep 03; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32790639]; Spellberg, B, Nielsen, TB, Casadevall, A., Antibodies, immunity, and COVID-19 (2020) JAMA Intern Med, , Nov 24. [doi] [Medline: 33231673]; https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/testing-overview.html, Overview of testing for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [accessed 2020-10-18]; Larremore, DB, Wilder, B, Lester, E, Shehata, S, Burke, JM, Hay, JA, Test sensitivity is secondary to frequency and turnaround time for COVID-19 screening (2020) Sci Adv, , Nov 20. [doi] [Medline: 33219112] PY - 2020 SN - 23692960 (ISSN) ST - SARS-CoV-2 testing service preferences of adults in the United States: Discrete choice experiment T2 - JMIR Public Health and Surveillance TI - SARS-CoV-2 testing service preferences of adults in the United States: Discrete choice experiment UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099612764&doi=10.2196%2f25546&partnerID=40&md5=a550077a8290c70cee137a2be5d3f3b5 VL - 6 ID - 332 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Schools of Social Work and Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC, United States Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research and Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC, United States Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States American Assisted Living Nursing Association, Belmar, NJ, United States Affinity Living Group, Hickory, NC, United States University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States AU - Zimmerman, S. AU - Sloane, P. D. AU - Katz, P. R. AU - Kunze, M. AU - O'Neil, K. AU - Resnick, B. C2 - 32334770 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.03.024 IS - 5 J2 - J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. KW - assisted living facility coronavirus disease 2019 dementia Editorial health care access health care planning health care policy health care system human infection control infection risk long term care medical director nurse nursing home pandemic practice guideline residential care social behavior social interaction staff training age aged Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection decision making family health risk factor social environment virus pneumonia Age Factors Assisted Living Facilities Coronavirus Infections Health Resources Health Workforce Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :20 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAMDC Correspondence Address: Zimmerman, S.; Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, 725 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, Campus Box 7590, United States; email: JAMDA.Editors@paltc.org References: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Preparing for COVID-19: Long-term care facilities, nursing homes https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/healthcare-facilities/prevent-spread-in-long-term-care-facilities.html, Available at: (Accessed 22 March 2020); Zimmerman, S., Sloane, P.D., Reed, D., Dementia prevalence and care in assisted living (2014) Health Aff, 33, pp. 658-666; Zimmerman, S., Gruber-Baldini, A.L., Sloane, P.D., Assisted living and nursing homes: Apples and oranges? (2003) Gerontologist, 43, pp. 107-117; Harris-Kojetin, L., Sengupta, M., Park-Lee, E., Long-term care providers and services users in the United States: Data from the national study of long-term care providers, 2013–2014. National center for health statistics (2016) Vital Health Stat, 3; Caffrey, C., Sengupta, M., Park-Lee, E., Residents living in residential care facilities: United States, 2010. NCHS data brief, no 91 (2012), http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db91.pdf, National Center for Health Statistics Hyattsville, MD (Accessed 22 March 2020); (1998) Assisted Living Quality Coalition. Assisted Living Quality Initiative: Building a Structure that Promotes Quality, , Public Policy Institute, American Association of Retired Persons Washington, DC; Bernard, S., Zimmerman, S., Eckert, J.K., Aging-in-place (2001) Assisted Living: Needs, Practices and Policies in Residential Care for the Elderly, , S. Zimmerman P.D. Sloane J.K. Eckert Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore, MD; Zimmerman, S., Cohen, L.W., Reed, D., Comparing families and staff in nursing homes and assisted living: Implications for social work practice (2013) J Gerontol Soc Work, 56, pp. 535-553; Lum, H.D., Ginde, A.A., Betz, M.E., Older adult drivers living in residential care facilities (2015) Ann Longterm Care, 23, pp. 21-26; Gershman, A., Guide to state coronavirus lockdowns. The Wall Street Journal, March 21, 2020 https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-state-by-state-guide-to-coronavirus-lockdowns-11584749351, Available at: (Accessed 22 March 2020); Sengupta, M., Zimmerman, S., Harris-Kojetin, L., Activity engagement in residential care settings: Findings from the national survey of residential care facilities (2019) J Hous Elderly, 33, pp. 1-20; Seipel, B., Husband wishes wife happy anniversary from outside nursing home as COVID-19 keeps them apart https://thehill.com/homenews/news/487923-husband-wishes-wife-happy-anniversary-from-outside-nursing-home-as-covid-19, Available at: (Accessed 22 March 2020); Adler, J., Investors rethink memory care https://seniorshousingbusiness.com/investors-rethink-memory-care/, Available at: (Accessed 22 March 2020); Alzheimer's Association, Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2018), https://www.alz.org/media/documents/facts-and-figures-2018-r.pdf, Available at: (Accessed 22 March 2020); Rome, V., Harris-Kojetin, L., Carder, P., Variation in licensed nurse staffing characteristics by state requirements in residential care (2019) Res Gerontol Nurs, 12, pp. 27-33; Beeber, A.S., Zimmerman, S., Mitchell, C.M., Reed, D., Staffing and service availability in assisted living: The importance of nurse delegation policies (2018) J Am Geriatr Soc, 66, pp. 2158-2166; Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicare and Medicaid programs; reform of requirements for long-term care facilities (2016) Fed Regist, 81, p. 192. , https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2016-10-04/pdf/2016-23503.pdf, Available at: (Accessed 22 March 2020); Bucy, T., Smith, L., Winfree, J., Variability in state regulations pertaining to infection control and pandemic response in U.S. assisted living communities (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 701-702; Park, N.S., Zimmerman, S., Sloane, P.D., An empirical typology of residential care/assisted living based on a four-state study (2006) Gerontologist, 46, pp. 238-248; Gruber-Baldini, A.L., Zimmerman, S., Boustani, M., Characteristics associated with depression in long-term care residents with dementia (2005) Gerontologist, 45, pp. 50-55; Resnick, B., Allen, J., McMahon, E., The American Assisted Living Nurses Association. The role of physicians practicing in assisted living: What changes do we really need? (2018) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 19, pp. 104-105; Katz, P.R., Kronhaus, A., Fuller, S., The role of physicians practicing in assisted living: Time for change (2018) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 19, pp. 102-103; Kronhaus, A., Zimmerman, S., Fuller, S., Reed, D., Implementing integrated care into assisted living—the road (finally) taken (2018) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 19, pp. 914-915; Sloane, P.D., Zimmerman, S., Perez, R., Physician perspectives on medical care delivery in assisted living (2011) J Am Geriatr Soc, 59, pp. 2326-2331; Zimmerman, S., Sloane, P.D., Williams, C.S., Residential care/assisted living staff may detect undiagnosed dementia using the minimum data set cognition scale (2007) J Am Geriatr Soc, 55, pp. 1349-1355; Carder, P., O'Keeffe, J., O'Keeffe, C., State regulatory provisions for residential care settings: An overview of staffing requirements. RTI Press Publication No. OP-0030-1607 (2016), RTI Press Research Triangle Park, NC; Port, C.L., Zimmerman, S., Williams, C.S., Families filling the gap: Comparing family involvement for assisted living and nursing home residents with dementia (2005) Gerontologist, 45, pp. 87-95; Dosa, D., Jump, R.L.P., LaPlante, K., Gravenstein, S., Long-term care facilities and the coronavirus epidemic: Practical guidelines for a population at highest risk (2020) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 21, pp. 569-571; Nursing homes and assisted living (long-term care facilities [LTCFs]) https://www.cdc.gov/longtermcare/index.html, Available at: (Accessed 22 March 2020)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083427034&doi=10.1016%2fj.jamda.2020.03.024&partnerID=40&md5=abda89175f069c2c2806eeee0cb57e51 PY - 2020 SN - 15258610 (ISSN) SP - 572-575 ST - The Need to Include Assisted Living in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic T2 - Journal of the American Medical Directors Association TI - The Need to Include Assisted Living in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic VL - 21 ID - 512 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a major threat to global health1 and the medical countermeasures available so far are limited2,3. Moreover, we currently lack a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-24. Here we analyse a large panel of human monoclonal antibodies that target the spike (S) glycoprotein5, and identify several that exhibit potent neutralizing activity and fully block the receptor-binding domain of the S protein (SRBD) from interacting with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Using competition-binding, structural and functional studies, we show that the monoclonal antibodies can be clustered into classes that recognize distinct epitopes on the SRBD, as well as distinct conformational states of the S trimer. Two potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, COV2-2196 and COV2-2130, which recognize non-overlapping sites, bound simultaneously to the S protein and neutralized wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus in a synergistic manner. In two mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, passive transfer of COV2-2196, COV2-2130 or a combination of both of these antibodies protected mice from weight loss and reduced the viral burden and levels of inflammation in the lungs. In addition, passive transfer of either of two of the most potent ACE2-blocking monoclonal antibodies (COV2-2196 or COV2-2381) as monotherapy protected rhesus macaques from SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results identify protective epitopes on the SRBD and provide a structure-based framework for rational vaccine design and the selection of robust immunotherapeutic agents. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. AD - Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States Leipzig University Medical School, Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig, Germany Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States Microbial Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States AU - Zost, S. J. AU - Gilchuk, P. AU - Case, J. B. AU - Binshtein, E. AU - Chen, R. E. AU - Nkolola, J. P. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Reidy, J. X. AU - Trivette, A. AU - Nargi, R. S. AU - Sutton, R. E. AU - Suryadevara, N. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Williamson, L. E. AU - Chen, E. C. AU - Jones, T. AU - Day, S. AU - Myers, L. AU - Hassan, A. O. AU - Kafai, N. M. AU - Winkler, E. S. AU - Fox, J. M. AU - Shrihari, S. AU - Mueller, B. K. AU - Meiler, J. AU - Chandrashekar, A. AU - Mercado, N. B. AU - Steinhardt, J. J. AU - Ren, K. AU - Loo, Y. M. AU - Kallewaard, N. L. AU - McCune, B. T. AU - Keeler, S. P. AU - Holtzman, M. J. AU - Barouch, D. H. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Thackray, L. B. AU - Diamond, M. S. AU - Carnahan, R. H. AU - Crowe, J. E., Jr. C2 - 32668443 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41586-020-2548-6 IS - 7821 J2 - Nature KW - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 epitope monoclonal antibody monoclonal antibody COV2-2130 monoclonal antibody COV2-2196 monoclonal antibody COV2-2381 unclassified drug virus spike protein coronavirus spike glycoprotein dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase neutralizing antibody spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody antibody enzyme activity health impact immunity protein respiratory disease rodent vaccine viral disease animal experiment animal model animal tissue antigen recognition Article binding competition binding site body weight loss controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 drug protein binding female human human cell inflammation mouse nonhuman passive immunization priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus load virus neutralization animal Betacoronavirus cell line chemistry Coronavirus infection cross reaction disease model genetics immunology male metabolism middle aged pandemic pre-exposure prophylaxis rhesus monkey SARS coronavirus serodiagnosis severe acute respiratory syndrome virus pneumonia Coronavirus Macaca mulatta Mus Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral Binding, Competitive Coronavirus Infections Cross Reactions Disease Models, Animal Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte Humans Mice Neutralization Tests Pandemics Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A Pneumonia, Viral SARS Virus Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :134 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NATUA Correspondence Address: Carnahan, R.H.; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, United States; email: Robert.carnahan@vumc.org Correspondence Address: Crowe, J.E.; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, United States; email: james.crowe@vumc.org Chemicals/CAS: dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase, 9015-82-1; angiotensin converting enzyme 2; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: T32 AI095202 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 75N93019C00062, 75N93019C00074, R01 AI130591, R35 HL145242, S10 RR028106, U01 AI150739 Funding details: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, HR00 11-18-3-0001, HR0011-18-2-0001 Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF, F31 AI145189, T32 AI138932 Funding details: Eli Lilly and Company Funding details: Helen Hay Whitney Foundation, HHWF, F32 AI138392, T32 AI007151 Funding details: Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, VICTR, UL1TR002243 Funding details: Merck KGaA, M Funding text 1: Competing interests R.S.B. has served as a consultant for Takeda and Sanofi Pasteur on issues related to vaccines. M.S.D. is a consultant for Inbios, Vir Biotechnology, NGM Biopharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly; is on the Scientific Advisory Board of Moderna; is a past recipient of an unrelated research grant from Moderna; and is a current recipient of an unrelated research grant from Emergent BioSolutions. J.E.C. has served as a consultant for Sanofi; is on the Scientific Advisory Boards of CompuVax and Meissa Vaccines; is a recipient of previous unrelated research grants from Moderna and Sanofi; and is a founder of IDBiologics. Vanderbilt University has applied for patents concerning SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that are related to this work. AstraZeneca has filed patents for materials and findings that are related to this work. J.J.S., K.R., Y.-M.L. and N.L.K. are employees of AstraZeneca and currently hold AstraZeneca stock or stock options. M.J.H. is a member of a data safety monitoring board for AstraZeneca and a founder of NuPeak Therapeutics. All other authors declare no competing interests. Funding text 2: Acknowledgements We thank A. Jones and the staff of the Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genomics (VANTAGE) core laboratory for expedited sequencing; R. Trosseth for assistance with data management and analysis; R. Bombardi and C. Soto of VUMC for technical consultation on genomics approaches; A. Kim, A. Bailey, L. VanBlargan and J. Earnest of WUSTL for experimental assistance and key reagents; K. M. Tuffy, S. Diallo, P. M. McTamney and L. Clarke of AstraZeneca for the generation of protein and pseudovirus reagents and related data; and H. Andersen, M. G. Lewis, R. Nityanandam, M. Kirilova and K. Verrington for research assistance with the NHP studies. This study was supported by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) grants HR0011-18-2-0001 and HR00 11-18-3-0001; NIH contracts 75N93019C00074 and 75N93019C00062; NIH grants U01 AI150739, R01 AI130591 and R35 HL145242; the Dolly Parton COVID-19 Research Fund at Vanderbilt; and NIH grant S10 RR028106 for the Next Generation Nucleic Acid Sequencer, housed in VANTAGE and the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research with grant support from UL1TR002243 from NCATS/NIH. S.J.Z. was supported by NIH T32 AI095202; J.B.C. was supported by a Helen Hay Whitney Foundation postdoctoral fellowship; B.T.M. was supported by NIH F32 AI138392; D.R.M. was supported by NIH T32 AI007151 and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award; L.E.W. was supported by NIH F31 AI145189; E.C.C. was supported by NIH T32 AI138932; and J.E.C. is the recipient of the 2019 Future Insight Prize from Merck KGaA, which supported this research with a research grant. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US government or the other sponsors. References: Zhou, P., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXksFKlsLg%3D, PID: 7095418; Zhu, N., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjslGmsrc%3D, PID: 7092803; Tse, L.V., Meganck, R.M., Graham, R.L., Baric, R.S., The current and future state of vaccines, antivirals and gene therapies against emerging coronaviruses (2020) Front. Microbiol., 11, p. 658. , PID: 32390971; Siracusano, G., Pastori, C., Lopalco, L., Humoral immune responses in COVID-19 patients: a window on the state of the art (2020) Front. Immunol., 11, p. 1049. , PID: 32574261; Zost, S.J., ; Pillay, T.S., Gene of the month: the 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus spike protein (2020) J. Clin. Pathol., 73, pp. 366-369. , PID: 32376714; Wan, Y., Shang, J., Graham, R., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus (2020) J. Virol., 94, pp. e00127-e120. , PID: 31996437; Hoffmann, M., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXktl2qtb8%3D, PID: 32142651; Li, W., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003) Nature, 426, pp. 450-454. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpt1GlsLs%3D, PID: 14647384; Sui, J., Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association (2004) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 101, pp. 2536-2541. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhvVOit7o%3D, PID: 14983044; ter Meulen, J., Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets (2004) Lancet, 363, pp. 2139-2141. , PID: 15220038; ter Meulen, J., Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants (2006) PLoS Med., 3. , PID: 16796401; Zhu, Z., Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 104, pp. 12123-12128. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXosVWmsb4%3D, PID: 17620608; Rockx, B., Structural basis for potent cross-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protection against lethal human and zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge (2008) J. Virol., 82, pp. 3220-3235. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjvFensrc%3D, PID: 18199635; Chen, Z., Human neutralizing monoclonal antibody inhibition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in the common marmoset (2017) J. Infect. Dis., 215, pp. 1807-1815. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXitFCrtLbI, PID: 28472421; Choi, J.H., Characterization of a human monoclonal antibody generated from a B-cell specific for a prefusion-stabilized spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2020) PLoS One, 15. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVeks7bK, PID: 32384116; Niu, P., Ultrapotent human neutralizing antibody repertoires against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus from a recovered patient (2018) J. Infect. Dis., 218, pp. 1249-1260. , PID: 29846635; Wang, L., Importance of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic sites on the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein to avoid neutralization escape (2018) J. Virol., 92, pp. e02002-e2017. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhvVCnsL3J, PID: 29514901; Wang, N., Structural definition of a neutralization-sensitive epitope on the MERS-CoV S1-NTD (2019) Cell Rep., 28, pp. 3395-3405. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhvVKks7jI, PID: 31553909; Zhang, S., Structural definition of a unique neutralization epitope on the receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein (2018) Cell Rep., 24, pp. 441-452. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhtlSksLjK, PID: 29996104; Corti, D., Prophylactic and postexposure efficacy of a potent human monoclonal antibody against MERS coronavirus (2015) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 112, pp. 10473-10478. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXht1Crt73I, PID: 26216974; Jiang, L., Potent neutralization of MERS-CoV by human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the viral spike glycoprotein (2014) Sci. Transl. Med., 6, p. 234ra59. , PID: 24778414; Tang, X.C., Identification of human neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and their role in virus adaptive evolution (2014) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. E2018-E2026. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXntFGisLc%3D, PID: 24778221; Ying, T., Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies (2014) J. Virol., 88, pp. 7796-7805. , PID: 24789777; Jiang, S., Hillyer, C., Du, L., Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses (2020) Trends Immunol., 41, pp. 355-359. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXlslKmurw%3D, PID: 32249063; Valk, S.J., Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a rapid review (2020) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 5, p. CD013600. , PID: 32406927; Yuan, M., A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV (2020) Science, 368, pp. 630-633. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXovFCrt7Y%3D, PID: 32245784; Ianevski, A., Giri, A.K., Aittokallio, T., SynergyFinder 2.0: visual analytics of multi-drug combination synergies (2020) Nucleic Acids Res., 48, pp. W488-W493. , PID: 32246720; Lan, J., Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXoslOqtL8%3D, PID: 32225176; Wrapp, D., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkvFemt70%3D, PID: 7164637; Walls, A.C., Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 281-292. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkvVejsLk%3D, PID: 32155444; Hassan, A.O., A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies (2020) Cell, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.011; Dinnon, K.H., (2020) A Mouse-Adapted Sars-Cov-2 Model for the Evaluation of COVID-19 Medical Countermeasures, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.06.081497; Chandrashekar, A., SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc4776; Yu, J., ; Robbiani, D.F., Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in convalescent individuals (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2456-9; Brouwer, P.J.M., Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability (2020) Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc5902; Cao, Y., Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients’ B cells (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 73-84. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVyiu7fP, PID: 32425270; Ju, B., ; Rogers, T.F., Rapid isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection in a small animal model (2020) Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7520; Shi, R., A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 120-124; Wec, A.Z., Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies (2020) Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7424; Wu, Y., A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1274-1278. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFGitLfF, PID: 32404477; Hansen, J., Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail (2020) Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd0827; Baum, A., Antibody cocktail to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prevents rapid mutational escape seen with individual antibodies (2020) Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd0831; Laha, S., Characterizations of SARS-CoV-2 mutational profile, spike protein stability and viral transmission (2020) Infect. Genet. Evol., 85, p. 104445. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlensLfF, PID: 32615316; Mukherjee, S., Enhancing dengue virus maturation using a stable furin over-expressing cell line (2016) Virology, 497, pp. 33-40. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtFKku7nL, PID: 27420797; Ohi, M., Li, Y., Cheng, Y., Walz, T., Negative staining and image classification – powerful tools in modern electron microscopy (2004) Biol. Proced. Online, 6, pp. 23-34. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktVKlt7g%3D, PID: 15103397; Mastronarde, D.N., Automated electron microscope tomography using robust prediction of specimen movements (2005) J. Struct. Biol., 152, pp. 36-51. , PID: 16182563; Punjani, A., Rubinstein, J.L., Fleet, D.J., Brubaker, M., A. cryoSPARC: algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination (2017) Nat. Methods, 14, pp. 290-296. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXitlGisbs%3D, PID: 28165473; Bepler, T., Noble, A.J., Berger, B., (2019) Topaz-Denoise: General Deep Denoising Models for Cryoem, , https://doi.org/10.1101/838920; Bepler, T., Positive-unlabeled convolutional neural networks for particle picking in cryo-electron micrographs (2019) Nat. Methods, 16, pp. 1153-1160. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhvFejs7%2FM, PID: 31591578; Pettersen, E.F., UCSF Chimera—a visualization system for exploratory research and analysis (2004) J. Comput. Chem., 25, pp. 1605-1612. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvVOhsbs%3D, PID: 15264254; Chng, J., Cleavage efficient 2A peptides for high level monoclonal antibody expression in CHO cells (2015) MAbs, 7, pp. 403-412. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XksVSqtb4%3D, PID: 25621616; Sheehan, K.C., Blocking monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse IFN-α/β receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR-1) from mice immunized by in vivo hydrodynamic transfection (2006) J. Interferon Cytokine Res., 26, pp. 804-819. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1WqurvM, PID: 17115899 PY - 2020 SN - 00280836 (ISSN) SP - 443-449 ST - Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 T2 - Nature TI - Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087912666&doi=10.1038%2fs41586-020-2548-6&partnerID=40&md5=79ea25001238dd7df6e80d2e5b85da5e VL - 584 ID - 407 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Antibodies are a principal determinant of immunity for most RNA viruses and have promise to reduce infection or disease during major epidemics. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths to date1,2. In response, we used a rapid antibody discovery platform to isolate hundreds of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. We stratify these mAbs into five major classes on the basis of their reactivity to subdomains of S protein as well as their cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV. Many of these mAbs inhibit infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus, with most neutralizing mAbs recognizing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S. This work defines sites of vulnerability on SARS-CoV-2 S and demonstrates the speed and robustness of advanced antibody discovery platforms. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. AD - Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Berkeley Lights, Inc., Emeryville, CA, United States Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States AU - Zost, S. J. AU - Gilchuk, P. AU - Chen, R. E. AU - Case, J. B. AU - Reidy, J. X. AU - Trivette, A. AU - Nargi, R. S. AU - Sutton, R. E. AU - Suryadevara, N. AU - Chen, E. C. AU - Binshtein, E. AU - Shrihari, S. AU - Ostrowski, M. AU - Chu, H. Y. AU - Didier, J. E. AU - MacRenaris, K. W. AU - Jones, T. AU - Day, S. AU - Myers, L. AU - Eun-Hyung Lee, F. AU - Nguyen, D. C. AU - Sanz, I. AU - Martinez, D. R. AU - Rothlauf, P. W. AU - Bloyet, L. M. AU - Whelan, S. P. J. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Thackray, L. B. AU - Diamond, M. S. AU - Carnahan, R. H. AU - Crowe, J. E., Jr. C2 - 32651581 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41591-020-0998-x IS - 9 J2 - Nat. Med. KW - B cell activating factor CD19 antigen CD40 ligand complementary DNA human monoclonal antibody immunoglobulin D immunoglobulin M interleukin 21 neutralizing antibody SARS-CoV-2 antibody virus spike protein coronavirus spike glycoprotein monoclonal antibody protein binding spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 adult amino terminal sequence antibody isolation antigen specificity Article case report clinical article cohort analysis controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cross reaction electron microscopy female flow cytometry HEK293-F cell line human immunoreactivity male memory cell middle aged priority journal receptor binding SARS-CoV-2 (clinical isolate USA/WA1/2020) Betacoronavirus Coronavirus infection drug effect immunology isolation and purification pandemic pathogenicity virology virus pneumonia Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Neutralizing Coronavirus Infections Humans Pandemics Pneumonia, Viral Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :62 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NAMEF Correspondence Address: Carnahan, R.H.; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, United States; email: robert.carnahan@vumc.org Correspondence Address: Crowe, J.E.; Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, United States; email: james.crowe@vumc.org Chemicals/CAS: CD40 ligand, 226713-27-5; immunoglobulin M, 9007-85-6; interleukin 21, 251100-02-4, 510787-82-3, 542817-56-1; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 75N93019C00074 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 75N93019C00062, 75N93019C0007, T32 AI 095202 Funding details: National Center for Research Resources, NCRR, 1S10RR028106-01A1, 2 UL1 TR000445-06, UL1 RR024975-01 Funding details: Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA, HR0011-18-2-0001 Funding details: Burroughs Wellcome Fund, BWF Funding details: Eli Lilly and Company Funding details: GlaxoSmithKline, GSK Funding details: EMD Serono, 2019 Future Insight Prize Funding details: Helen Hay Whitney Foundation, HHWF, T32 AI007151 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS, T32 AI095202 Funding details: Merck KGaA Funding details: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, VUMC, Dolly Parton COVID-19 Research Fund Funding details: Sanofi Pasteur Funding text 1: R.S.B. has served as a consultant for Takeda and Sanofi Pasteur on issues related to vaccines. M.S.D. is a consultant for Inbios, Vir Biotechnology, NGM Biopharmaceuticals and Eli Lilly, is on the scientific advisory board of Moderna and is a recipient of unrelated research grants from Moderna and Emergent BioSolutions. H.Y.C. has served as a consultant for Merck and GlaxoSmithKline and has received research funding from Sanofi Pasteur and research support from Cepheid, Genentech and Ellume. J.E.C. has served as a consultant for Sanofi and is on the scientific advisory boards of CompuVax and Meissa Vaccines, is a recipient of previous unrelated research grants from Moderna and Sanofi and is founder of IDBiologics. Vanderbilt University has applied for patents concerning SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that are related to this work. Emory University has applied for a patent concerning the plasmablast survival medium. S.P.J.W. and P.W.R. have filed a disclosure with Washington University for the recombinant VSV. J.E.D. and K.W.M. are employees of Berkeley Lights. All other authors declared no competing interests. Funding text 2: We thank M. Mayo and N. S. Galeano for coordination of human studies, D. O’Connor, N. Safdar, G. Baird, J. Shendure and S. Mubareka for helpful advice on human patients, A. Jones and the staff of the Vanderbilt VANTAGE core laboratory for expedited sequencing, R. Trosseth for assistance with data management and analysis, R. Bombardi and C. Soto for technical consultation on genomics approaches, A. Kim for production of a recombinant form of the mAb CR3022, C. Swearingen and the staff of Fedex Express Specialty Services for expedited transport services, V. Pai and K. Breinlinger of Berkeley Lights, and K. Louder and scientists at Twist Bioscience, B. Fritz at 10x Genomics and representatives at ACEA Biosciences for providing resources, outstanding expedited services and expert applications support. We thank A. Ward, S. Bangaru, P. McTamney, K. Ren and A. Barnes for protein reagents. This study was supported by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) grant HR0011-18-2-0001, NIH contracts 75N93019C00074 and 75N93019C00062 and the Dolly Parton COVID-19 Research Fund at Vanderbilt. This work was supported by NIH grant 1S10RR028106-01A1 for the Next Generation Nucleic Acid Sequencer, housed in Vanderbilt Technologies for Advanced Genomics (VANTAGE) and supported by the National Center for Research Resources, grant UL1 RR024975-01, and is now at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grant 2 UL1 TR000445-06. S.J.Z. was supported by NIH T32 AI095202. J.B.C. is supported by a Helen Hay Whitney Foundation postdoctoral fellowship. D.R.M. was supported by NIH T32 AI007151 and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Postdoctoral Enrichment Program Award. J.E.C. is the recipient of the 2019 Future Insight Prize from Merck KGaA, which supported this research with a research grant. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US government or the other sponsors. References: Zhou, P., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXksFKlsLg%3D, PID: 32015507; Zhu, N., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 727-733. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjslGmsrc%3D, PID: 31978945; Sui, J., Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor association (2004) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 101, pp. 2536-2541. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhvVOit7o%3D, PID: 14983044; ter Meulen, J., Human monoclonal antibody as prophylaxis for SARS coronavirus infection in ferrets (2004) Lancet, 363, pp. 2139-2141. , PID: 15220038; ter Meulen, J., Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants (2006) PLoS Med., 3. , PID: 16796401; Zhu, Z., Potent cross-reactive neutralization of SARS coronavirus isolates by human monoclonal antibodies (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 104, pp. 12123-12128. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXosVWmsb4%3D, PID: 17620608; Rockx, B., Structural basis for potent cross-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody protection against lethal human and zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus challenge (2008) J. Virol., 82, pp. 3220-3235. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjvFensrc%3D, PID: 18199635; Chen, Z., Human neutralizing monoclonal antibody inhibition of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in the common marmoset (2017) J. Infect. Dis., 215, pp. 1807-1815. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXitFCrtLbI, PID: 28472421; Choi, J.H., Characterization of a human monoclonal antibody generated from a B-cell specific for a prefusion-stabilized spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2020) PLoS ONE, 15. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVeks7bK, PID: 32384116; Niu, P., Ultrapotent human neutralizing antibody repertoires against Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus from a recovered patient (2018) J. Infect. Dis., 218, pp. 1249-1260. , PID: 29846635; Wang, L., Importance of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple antigenic sites on the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein to avoid neutralization escape (2018) J. Virol, 92, pp. e02002-e02017; Wang, N., Structural definition of a neutralization-sensitive epitope on the MERS-CoV S1-NTD (2019) Cell Rep., 28; Zhang, S., Structural definition of a unique neutralization epitope on the receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein (2018) Cell Rep., 24, pp. 441-452. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhtlSksLjK, PID: 29996104; Corti, D., Prophylactic and postexposure efficacy of a potent human monoclonal antibody against MERS coronavirus (2015) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 112, pp. 10473-10478. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXht1Crt73I, PID: 26216974; Jiang, L., Potent neutralization of MERS-CoV by human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the viral spike glycoprotein (2014) Sci. Transl. Med., 6, p. 234ra259; Tang, X.C., Identification of human neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and their role in virus adaptive evolution (2014) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. E2018-E2026. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXntFGisLc%3D, PID: 24778221; Ying, T., Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies (2014) J. Virol., 88, pp. 7796-7805. , PID: 24789777; Jiang, S., Hillyer, C., Du, L., Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses (2020) Trends Immunol., 41, pp. 355-359. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXlslKmurw%3D, PID: 32249063; Gilchuk, P., Integrated technology platform for accelerated discovery of antiviral antibody therapeutics Nat. Biomed. Eng; Wrapp, D., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkvFemt70%3D, PID: 32075877; Holshue, M.L., First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 929-936. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkvVKrsbo%3D, PID: 32004427; Gilchuk, P., Analysis of a therapeutic antibody cocktail reveals determinants for cooperative and broad ebolavirus meutralization (2020) Immunity, 52; Soto, C., High frequency of shared clonotypes in human B cell receptor repertoires (2019) Nature, 566, pp. 398-402. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXmt1ymtbs%3D, PID: 30760926; Wrammert, J., Broadly cross-reactive antibodies dominate the human B cell response against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection (2011) J. Exp. Med., 208, pp. 181-193. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlCgtrc%3D, PID: 21220454; Case, J.B., Neutralizing antibody and soluble ACE2 inhibition of a replication-competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.021; Rogers, T.F., Rapid isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection in a small animal model (2020) Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7520; Robbiani, D.F., Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in convalescent individuals (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2456-9; Brouwer, P.J.M., Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability (2020) Science Eabc5902; Cao, Y., Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients’ B cells (2020) Cell, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.025; Shi, R., A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor binding site of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2381-y; Wu, Y., A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1274-1278; Ju, B., Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2380-z; Wec, A.Z., (2020) Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7424; Williamson, L.E., Early human B cell response to Ebola virus in four U.S. survivors of infection (2019) J. Virol, 93, pp. e01439-18; Davis, C.W., Longitudinal analysis of the human B cell response to Ebola virus infection (2019) Cell, 177; Zost, S.J., Potently neutralizing human antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding and protect animals Nature; Walls, A.C., Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (2020) Cell, 181; Lan, J., Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXoslOqtL8%3D, PID: 32225176; Mukherjee, S., Enhancing dengue virus maturation using a stable furin over-expressing cell line (2016) Virology, 497, pp. 33-40. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtFKku7nL, PID: 27420797; Ohi, M., Li, Y., Cheng, Y., Walz, T., Negative staining and image classification—powerful tools in modern electron microscopy (2004) Biol. Proced. Online, 6, pp. 23-34. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktVKlt7g%3D, PID: 15103397; Mastronarde, D.N., Automated electron microscope tomography using robust prediction of specimen movements (2005) J. Struct. Biol., 152, pp. 36-51. , PID: 16182563; Punjani, A., Rubinstein, J.L., Fleet, D.J., Brubaker, M.A., cryoSPARC: algorithms for rapid unsupervised cryo-EM structure determination (2017) Nat. Methods, 14, pp. 290-296. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXitlGisbs%3D; Bepler, T., Noble, A.J., Berger, B., (2019) Topaz-Denoise: General Deep Denoising Models for Cryoem., , https://doi.org/10.1101/838920; Nguyen, D.C., Factors of the bone marrow microniche that support human plasma cell survival and immunoglobulin secretion (2018) Nat. Commun., 9. , PID: 30209264; Guthmiller, J.J., Dugan, H.L., Neu, K.E., Lan, L.Y., Wilson, P.C., An efficient method to generate monoclonal antibodies from human B cells (2019) Methods Mol. Biol., 1904, pp. 109-145. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXitVOku73N, PID: 30539468; Soto, C.F.J., PyIR: A scalable wrapper for processing billions of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor sequences using IgBLAST BMC Bioinformatics, , (in the press); Chng, J., Cleavage efficient 2A peptides for high level monoclonal antibody expression in CHO cells (2015) MAbs, 7, pp. 403-412. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XksVSqtb4%3D, PID: 25621616; Scobey, T., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2013) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 110, pp. 16157-16162. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhs1SqtbfO, PID: 24043791; Yount, B., Reverse genetics with a full-length infectious cDNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 100, pp. 12995-13000. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXoslKms74%3D, PID: 14569023 PY - 2020 SN - 10788956 (ISSN) SP - 1422-1427 ST - Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein T2 - Nature Medicine TI - Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087684502&doi=10.1038%2fs41591-020-0998-x&partnerID=40&md5=052641dc59bf53dfe4ba5994f624203d VL - 26 ID - 398 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor is a major severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) host range determinant, and understanding SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 interactions will provide important insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and animal model development. SARS-CoV-2 cannot infect mice due to incompatibility between its receptor binding domain and the murine ACE2 receptor. Through molecular modeling and empirical in vitro validation, we identified 5 key amino acid differences between murine and human ACE2 that mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection, generating a chimeric humanized murine ACE2. Additionally, we examined the ability of the humanized murine ACE2 receptor to permit infection by an additional preemergent group 2B coronavirus, WIV-1, providing evidence for the potential pan-virus capabilities of this chimeric receptor. Finally, we predicted the ability of these determinants to inform host range identification of preemergent coronaviruses by evaluating hot spot contacts between SARS-CoV-2 and additional potential host receptors. Our results identify residue determinants that mediate coronavirus receptor usage and host range for application in SARS-CoV-2 and emerging coronavirus animal model development. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 (the causative agent of COVID-19) is a major public health threat and one of two related coronaviruses that have caused epidemics in modern history. A method of screening potential infectible hosts for preemergent and future emergent coronaviruses would aid in mounting rapid response and intervention strategies during future emergence events. Here, we evaluated determinants of SARS-CoV-2 receptor interactions, identifying key changes that enable or prevent infection. The analysis detailed in this study will aid in the development of model systems to screen emergent coronaviruses as well as treatments to counteract infections. © 2021 Adams et al. AD - Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Rapidly Emerging Antiviral Drug Discovery Initiative, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Adams, L. E. AU - Dinnon, K. H., III AU - Hou, Y. J. AU - Sheahan, T. P. AU - Heise, M. T. AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 33727353 C7 - e03149-20 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1128/mBio.03149-20 IS - 2 J2 - mBio KW - Coronavirus COVID-19 Host range Receptors SARS-CoV-2 Virus-host interactions coronavirus spike glycoprotein protein binding recombinant protein amino acid sequence animal Betacoronavirus binding site cell line chemistry Coronavirus infection genetics human metabolism molecular model mouse mutation physiology virology virus replication Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Animals Binding Sites Coronavirus Infections Host Specificity Humans Mice Models, Molecular Recombinant Proteins Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Chemicals/CAS: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Recombinant Proteins; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS, 1R01 AI089728, U54 CA260543, 1R01 AI110700 Funding text 1: This project was funded in part by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Service awards 1R01 AI089728, U54 CA260543, and 1R01 AI110700. This project was supported in part by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly. References: Wu, F, Zhao, S, Yu, B, Chen, Y-M, Wang, W, Song, Z-G, Hu, Y, Zhang, Y-Z., A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2008-3; Zhou, P, Yang, X-L, Wang, X-G, Hu, B, Zhang, L, Zhang, W, Si, H-R, Shi, Z-L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7; Andersen, KG, Rambaut, A, Lipkin, WI, Holmes, EC, Garry, RF., The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 450-452. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0820-9; Menachery, VD, Yount, BL, Sims, AC, Debbink, K, Agnihothram, SS, Gralinski, LE, Graham, RL, Baric, RS., SARS-like WIV1-CoV poised for human emergence (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113, pp. 3048-3053. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517719113; Sheahan, TP, Sims, AC, Zhou, S, Graham, RL, Pruijssers, AJ, Agostini, ML, Leist, SR, Baric, RS., An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice (2020) Sci Transl Med, 12, p. eabb5883. , https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abb5883; Pruijssers, AJ, George, AS, Schäfer, A, Leist, SR, Gralinksi, LE, Dinnon, KH, Yount, BL, Sheahan, TP., Remdesivir Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells and chimeric SARS-CoV expressing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase in mice (2020) Cell Rep, 32, p. 107940. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107940; Agostini, ML, Andres, EL, Sims, AC, Graham, RL, Sheahan, TP, Lu, X, Smith, EC, Denison, MR., Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease (2018) mBio, 9, pp. e00221-18. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00221-18; Wan, Y, Shang, J, Graham, R, Baric, RS, Li, F., Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus (2020) J Virol, 94, pp. e00127-20. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00127-20; Hassan, AO, Case, JB, Winkler, ES, Thackray, LB, Kafai, NM, Bailey, AL, McCune, BT, Diamond, MS., A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 744-753. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.011, e4; Sun, S-H, Chen, Q, Gu, H-J, Yang, G, Wang, Y-X, Huang, X-Y, Liu, S-S, Wang, Y-C., A mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and pathogenesis (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 28, pp. 124-133. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.05.020, e4; Netland, J, Meyerholz, DK, Moore, S, Cassell, M, Perlman, S., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 (2008) J Virol, 82, pp. 7264-7275. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00737-08; Israelow, B, Song, E, Mao, T, Lu, P, Meir, A, Liu, F, Alfajaro, MM, Iwasaki, A., Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling (2020) J Exp Med, 217, p. e20201241. , https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20201241; Bao, L, Deng, W, Huang, B, Gao, H, Liu, J, Ren, L, Wei, Q, Qin, C., The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 830-833. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2312-y; Dinnon, KH, Leist, SR, Schäfer, A, Edwards, CE, Martinez, DR, Montgomery, SA, West, A, Baric, RS., A mouseadapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 560-569. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2708-8; Leist, SR, Dinnon, KH, Schäfer, A, Tse, LV, Okuda, K, Hou, YJ, West, A, Baric, RS., A mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 induces acute lung injury (ALI) and mortality in standard laboratory mice (2020) Cell, 183, pp. 1070-1085. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.050; Gu, H, Chen, Q, Yang, G, He, L, Fan, H, Deng, Y-Q, Wang, Y, Zhou, Y., Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice for testing vaccine efficacy (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1603-1607. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc4730; Lan, J, Ge, J, Yu, J, Shan, S, Zhou, H, Fan, S, Zhang, Q, Wang, X., Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2180-5; Shang, J, Ye, G, Shi, K, Wan, Y, Luo, C, Aihara, H, Geng, Q, Li, F., Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 221-224. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2179-y, Adams et al; Hirano, N, Fujiwara, K, Hino, S, Matumoto, M., Replication and plaque formation of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-2) in mouse cell line DBT culture (1974) Arch Gesamte Virusforsch, 44, pp. 298-302. , https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01240618; Chen, W, Baric, RS., Molecular anatomy of mouse hepatitis virus persistence: coevolution of increased host cell resistance and virus virulence (1996) J Virol, 70, pp. 3947-3960. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.70.6.3947-3960.1996; Menachery, VD, Yount, BL, Debbink, K, Agnihothram, S, Gralinski, LE, Plante, JA, Graham, RL, Baric, RS., A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence (2015) Nat Med, 21, pp. 1508-1513. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3985; Denison, MR, Graham, RL, Donaldson, EF, Eckerle, LD, Baric, RS., Coronaviruses: an RNA proofreading machine regulates replication fidelity and diversity (2011) RNA Biol, 8, pp. 270-279. , https://doi.org/10.4161/rna.8.2.15013; Eckerle, LD, Lu, X, Sperry, SM, Choi, L, Denison, MR., High fidelity of murine hepatitis virus replication is decreased in nsp14 exoribonuclease mutants (2007) J Virol, 81, pp. 12135-12144. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01296-07; Lam, TT-Y, Jia, N, Zhang, Y-W, Shum, MH-H, Jiang, J-F, Zhu, H-C, Tong, Y-G, Cao, W-C., Identifying SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 282-285. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2169-0; Conceicao, C, Thakur, N, Human, S, Kelly, JT, Logan, L, Bialy, D, Bhat, S, Bailey, D., The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has a broad tropism for mammalian ACE2 proteins (2020) PLoS Biol, 18, p. e3001016. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001016; Li, Y, Wang, H, Tang, X, Fang, S, Ma, D, Du, C, Wang, Y, Zhong, G., SARS-CoV-2 and three related coronaviruses utilize multiple ACE2 orthologs and are potently blocked by an improved ACE2-Ig (2020) J Virol, 94, pp. e01283-20. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01283-20; Schlottau, K, Rissmann, M, Graaf, A, Schön, J, Sehl, J, Wylezich, C, Höper, D, Beer, M., SARS-CoV-2 in fruit bats, ferrets, pigs, and chickens: an experimental transmission study (2020) Lancet Microbe, 1, pp. e218-e225. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30089-6; Shi, J, Wen, Z, Zhong, G, Yang, H, Wang, C, Huang, B, Liu, R, Bu, Z., Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS–coronavirus 2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1016-1020. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb7015; Wang, J, Shuai, L, Wang, C, Liu, R, He, X, Zhang, X, Sun, Z, Bu, Z., Mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 replicates efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice (2020) Protein Cell, 11, pp. 776-782. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s13238-020-00767-x; Oude Munnink, BB, Sikkema, RS, Nieuwenhuijse, DF, Molenaar, RJ, Munger, E, Molenkamp, R, van der Spek, A, Koopmans, MPG., Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms between humans and mink and back to humans (2021) Science, 371, pp. 172-177. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe5901; Cockrell, AS, Yount, BL, Scobey, T, Jensen, K, Douglas, M, Beall, A, Tang, X-C, Baric, RS., A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. 2 (2017) Nat Microbiol, 2, pp. 1-11. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.226; Menachery, VD, Eisfeld, AJ, Schäfer, A, Josset, L, Sims, AC, Proll, S, Fan, S, Baric, RS., Pathogenic influenza viruses and coronaviruses utilize similar and contrasting approaches to control interferon-stimulated gene responses (2014) mBio, 5, pp. e01174-14. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01174-14; Sang, ER, Tian, Y, Gong, Y, Miller, LC, Sang, Y., Integrate structural analysis, isoform diversity, and interferon-inductive propensity of ACE2 to mpredict SARS-CoV2 susceptibility in vertebrates (2020) Heliyon, 6, p. e04818. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04818; Menachery, VD, Dinnon, KH, Yount, BL, McAnarney, ET, Gralinski, LE, Hale, A, Graham, RL, Baric, RS., Trypsin treatment unlocks barrier for zoonotic bat coronavirus infection (2019) J Virol, 94, p. e0177419. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01774-19; Shang, J, Wan, Y, Luo, C, Ye, G, Geng, Q, Auerbach, A, Li, F., Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 117, pp. 11727-11734. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2003138117; Cockrell, AS, Peck, KM, Yount, BL, Agnihothram, SS, Scobey, T, Curnes, NR, Baric, RS, Heise, MT., Mouse dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is not a functional receptor for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2014) J Virol, 88, pp. 5195-5199. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03764-13; Webb, B, Sali, A., Comparative protein structure modeling using MODELLER (2016) Curr Protoc Bioinformatics, 54. , https://doi.org/10.1002/cpbi.3, 5.6.1–5.6.37; Hou, YJ, Okuda, K, Edwards, CE, Martinez, DR, Asakura, T, Dinnon, KH, Kato, T, Baric, RS., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.042, e14 PY - 2021 SN - 21612129 (ISSN) SP - 1-9 ST - Critical ace2 determinants of sars-cov-2 and group 2b coronavirus infection and replication T2 - mBio TI - Critical ace2 determinants of sars-cov-2 and group 2b coronavirus infection and replication UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102517550&doi=10.1128%2fmBio.03149-20&partnerID=40&md5=9f2c88d2234e777a230d9083dad18d8a VL - 12 ID - 74 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNY, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, United States Inflammation and Immunology, Global Medical Affairs, Pfizer IncNY, United States AU - Agrawal, M. AU - Brenner, E. J. AU - Zhang, X. AU - Modesto, I. AU - Woolcott, J. AU - Ungaro, R. C. AU - Colombel, J. F. AU - Kappelman, M. D. C2 - 33325523 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/ibd/izaa303 IS - 4 J2 - Inflamm Bowel Dis KW - coronavirus disease 2019 Crohn’s disease inflammatory bowel disease outcomes tofacitinib ulcerative colitis piperidine derivative protein kinase inhibitor pyrimidine derivative adolescent adult aged child complication diagnosis female human male middle aged prognosis register severity of illness index therapy young adult COVID-19 COVID-19 Testing Humans Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Piperidines Protein Kinase Inhibitors Pyrimidines Registries LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Chemicals/CAS: tofacitinib, 477600-75-2, 540737-29-9; Piperidines; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Pyrimidines; tofacitinib PY - 2021 SN - 15364844 (ISSN) SP - 585-589 ST - Characteristics and Outcomes of IBD Patients with COVID-19 on Tofacitinib Therapy in the SECURE-IBD Registry T2 - Inflammatory bowel diseases TI - Characteristics and Outcomes of IBD Patients with COVID-19 on Tofacitinib Therapy in the SECURE-IBD Registry UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102965454&doi=10.1093%2fibd%2fizaa303&partnerID=40&md5=b8e8129670aa4796057c502755441cb6 VL - 27 ID - 61 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 has been proposed as one of the major drug targets for COVID-19. We have identified the experimental data on the inhibitory activity of compounds tested against the closely related (96 % sequence identity, 100 % active site conservation) Mpro of SARS-CoV. We developed QSAR models of these inhibitors and employed these models for virtual screening of all drugs in the DrugBank database. Similarity searching and molecular docking were explored in parallel, but docking failed to correctly discriminate between experimentally active and inactive compounds, so it was not relied upon for prospective virtual screening. Forty-two compounds were identified by our models as consensus computational hits. Subsequent to our computational studies, NCATS reported the results of experimental screening of their drug collection in SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect assay (https://opendata.ncats.nih.gov/covid19/). Coincidentally, NCATS tested 11 of our 42 hits, and three of them, cenicriviroc (AC50 of 8.9 μM), proglumetacin (tested twice independently, with AC50 of 8.9 μM and 12.5 μM), and sufugolix (AC50 12.6 μM), were shown to be active. These observations support the value of our modeling approaches and models for guiding the experimental investigations of putative anti-COVID-19 drug candidates. All data and models used in this study are publicly available via Supplementary Materials, GitHub (https://github.com/alvesvm/sars-cov-mpro), and Chembench web portal (https://chembench.mml.unc.edu/). © 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH AD - Office of Data Science, National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Morrisville, NC 27560, United States Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Beard Hall, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Toxinformatics Group, National Toxicology Program, NIEHS, Morrisville, NC 27560, United States Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil AU - Alves, V. M. AU - Bobrowski, T. AU - Melo-Filho, C. C. AU - Korn, D. AU - Auerbach, S. AU - Schmitt, C. AU - Muratov, E. N. AU - Tropsha, A. C2 - 33405340 C7 - 2000113 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/minf.202000113 IS - 1 J2 - Mol. Informatics KW - cheminformatics drug repurposing SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. virtual screening antivirus agent atazanavir barasertib cenicriviroc indinavir lurbinectedin navitoclax proglumetacin proteinase sufugolix tilmicosin venetoclax vinblastine imidazole derivative indoleacetic acid derivative proteinase inhibitor sulfoxide Article cytopathogenic effect data base drug repositioning molecular docking nonhuman priority journal quantitative structure activity relation screening Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virtual reality chemistry controlled study drug therapy enzyme active site enzymology human randomized controlled trial Antiviral Agents Catalytic Domain Coronavirus 3C Proteases COVID-19 Humans Imidazoles Indoleacetic Acids Molecular Docking Simulation Protease Inhibitors Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Sulfoxides LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: MIONB Correspondence Address: Muratov, E.N.; Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, United States; email: murik@email.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Tropsha, A.; Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, United States; email: alex_tropsha@unc.edu Correspondence Address: Muratov, E.N.; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brazil; email: murik@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: atazanavir, 198904-31-3; barasertib, 722543-31-9; cenicriviroc, 497223-25-3, 497223-28-6; indinavir, 150378-17-9, 157810-81-6, 180683-37-8; lurbinectedin, 497871-47-3; navitoclax, 923564-51-6, 1000696-69-4, 1093851-28-5; proglumetacin, 57132-53-3; proteinase, 9001-92-7; sufugolix, 308831-61-0, 308831-62-1; tilmicosin, 108050-54-0; venetoclax, 1257044-40-8; vinblastine, 865-21-4; proteinase inhibitor, 37205-61-1; sulfoxide, 120-62-7; Antiviral Agents; cenicriviroc; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Imidazoles; Indoleacetic Acids; proglumetacin; Protease Inhibitors; Sulfoxides Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 1R01 GM114015, 1U01CA207160 Funding text 1: This study was inspired by “Calling all coronavirus researchers” Nature editorial. . It was supported in part by NIH grants 1R01 GM114015 and 1U01CA207160. References: Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Zhang, L., (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 507-513; Naming the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Virus that Causes It, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it, Accessed Jun 26, 2020, 2020; Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV),” Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov), Accessed Jun 26, 2020, 2020; Anand, K., Ziebuhr, J., Wadhwani, P., Mesters, J.R., Hilgenfeld, R., (2003) Science, , DOI 10.1126/science.1085658; Donnelly, C.A., Malik, M.R., Elkholy, A., Cauchemez, S., Van Kerkhove, M.D., (2019) Emerging Infect. Dis., 25, pp. 1758-1760; Mallapaty, S., (2020) Nature, 582, pp. 467-468; https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, Accessed Jun 26, 2020, 2020; Lau, H., Khosrawipour, V., Kocbach, P., Mikolajczyk, A., Ichii, H., Schubert, J., Bania, J., Khosrawipour, T., (2020) J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect., 53, pp. 454-458; Beasley, D., Kelland, K., Comparing Outbreaks: How the New Virus Compares to Previous Coronavirus Outbreaks, , https://graphics.reuters.com/CHINA-HEALTH-VIRUS-COMPARISON/0100B5BY3CY/index.html, Accessed Jun 26, 2020, 2020; :https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/sars-cov-2-seq, Accessed Jun 26, 2020, 2020; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Xiao, G., (2020) Cell Res., 30, pp. 269-271; Caly, L., Druce, J.D., Catton, M.G., Jans, D.A., Wagstaff, K.M., (2020) Antiviral Res.; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Zhou, S., Graham, R.L., Pruijssers, A.J., Agostini, M.L., Leist, S.R., Baric, R.S., (2020) Sci. Transl. Med., 12; Remdesivir EUA Letter of Authorization, , https://www.fda.gov/media/137564/download, Accessed Jun 26, 2020, 2020; Horby, P., Lim, W.S., Emberson, J., Mafham, M., Bell, J., Linsell, L., Staplin, N., Group, R.C., (2020) medRxiv, p. 2020. , 06. 22. 20137273; Smith, E.C., Blanc, H., Vignuzzi, M., Denison, M.R., (2013) PLoS Pathog., 9; Heusipp, G., Gro, C., Herold, J., Siddell, S.G., Ziebuhr, J., (1997) J. Gen. Virol., 78, pp. 2789-2794; Ziebuhr, J., Siddell, S.G., (1999) J. Virol., 73, pp. 177-185; Fang, S.G., Shen, H., Wang, J., Tay, F.P.L., Liu, D.X., (2008) Virology, 379, pp. 175-180; Chen, Y., Liu, Q., Guo, D., (2020) J. Med. Virol., 92, pp. 418-423; Deng, X., StJohn, S.E., Osswald, H.L., O'Brien, A., Banach, B.S., Sleeman, K., Ghosh, A.K., Baker, S.C., (2014) J. Virol., 88, pp. 11886-11898; Liu, X., Zhang, B., Jin, Z., Yang, H., Rao, Z., The Crystal Structure of COVID-19 Main Protease in Complex with an Inhibitor N3, , http://www.rcsb.org/structure/6LU7, Accessed Jun 26, 2020, 2020; Kim, Y., Lovell, S., Tiew, K.-C., Mandadapu, S.R., Alliston, K.R., Battaile, K.P., Groutas, W.C., Chang, K.-O., (2012) J. Virol., 86, pp. 11754-11762; Target Report Card - CHEMBL3927, , https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/target_report_card/CHEMBL3927, Accessed Jun 26, 2020; Berman, H.M., Westbrook, J., Feng, Z., Gilliland, G., Bhat, T.N., Weissig, H., Shindyalov, I.N., Bourne, P.E., (2000) Nucleic Acids Res., 28, pp. 235-242; Golbraikh, A., Muratov, E., Fourches, D., Tropsha, A., (2014) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 54, pp. 1-4; Lagunin, A.A., Geronikaki, A., Eleftheriou, P., Pogodin, P.V., Zakharov, A.V., (2019) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 59, pp. 713-730; Fourches, D., Muratov, E., Tropsha, A., (2010) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 50, pp. 1189-1204; Fourches, D., Muratov, E., Tropsha, A., (2016) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 56, pp. 1243-1252; Capuzzi, S.J., Kim, I.S.J., Lam, W.I., Thornton, T.E., Muratov, E.N., Pozefsky, D., Tropsha, A., (2017) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 57, pp. 105-108; (2020) Sars-Cov-2 Cytopathic Effect (CPE), , https://opendata.ncats.nih.gov/covid19/assay?aid=14, Accessed Jun 26, 2020; NCGC Curvefit, , https://tripod.nih.gov/curvefit, Accessed Jul 1, 2020; Figueras, J., (1993) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 33, pp. 717-718; Muratov, E.N., Artemenko, A.G., Varlamova, E.V., Polischuk, P.G., Lozitsky, V.P., Fedchuk, A.S., Lozitska, R.L., Kuz'min, V.E., (2010) Future Med. Chem., 2, pp. 1205-1226; Kuz'min, V.E., Muratov, E.N., Artemenko, A.G., Gorb, L., Qasim, M., Leszczynski, J., (2008) J. Comput.-Aided Mol. Des., 22, pp. 747-759; Tropsha, A., (2010) Mol. Inf., 29, pp. 476-488; Muratov, E.N., Bajorath, J., Sheridan, R.P., Tetko, I.V., Filimonov, D., Poroikov, V., Oprea, T.I., Tropsha, A., (2020) Chem. Soc. Rev., , DOI 10.1039/D0CS00098 A; Breiman, L.E.O., (2001) Mach. Learn., 45, pp. 5-32; Artemenko, A.G., Muratov, E.N., Kuz'min, V.E., Muratov, N.N., Varlamova, E.V., Kuz'mina, A.V., Gorb, L.G., Tropsha, A., (2011) SAR QSAR Environ. Res., 22, pp. 575-601; Sastry, G.M., Adzhigirey, M., Day, T., Annabhimoju, R., Sherman, W., (2013) J. Comput.-Aided Mol. Des., 27, pp. 221-234; Friesner, R.A., Banks, J.L., Murphy, R.B., Halgren, T.A., Klicic, J.J., Mainz, D.T., Repasky, M.P., Shenkin, P.S., (2004) J. Med. Chem., 47, pp. 1739-1749; Bobrowski, T., Alves, V., Melo-Filho, C.C., Korn, D., Auerbach, S.S., Schmitt, C., Muratov, E., Tropsha, A., (2020) ChemRxiv, , DOI 10.26434/chemrxiv.12153594; Bateman, A., (2019) Nucleic Acids Res., 47, pp. D506-D515; Ekins, S., Mottin, M., Ramos, P.R.P.S., Sousa, B.K.P., Neves, B.J., Foil, D.H., Zorn, K.M., Andrade, C.H., (2020) Drug Discovery Today, 25, pp. 928-941; Zhu, H., Tropsha, A., Fourches, D., Varnek, A., Papa, E., Gramatica, P., Oberg, T., Tetko, I.V., (2008) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 48, pp. 766-784; Svetnik, V., Wang, T., Tong, C., Liaw, A., Sheridan, R.P., Song, Q., (2005) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 45, pp. 786-799; Wang, X.S., Tang, H., Golbraikh, A., Tropsha, A., (2008) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 48, pp. 997-1013; Kuz'min, V.E., Muratov, E.N., Artemenko, A.G., Varlamova, E.V., Gorb, L., Wang, J., Leszczynski, J., (2009) QSAR Comb. Sci., 28, pp. 664-677; Golbraikh, A., Tropsha, A., (2002) J. Mol. Graphics Modell., 20, pp. 269-276; Zakharov, A.V., Zhao, T., Nguyen, D.T., Peryea, T., Sheils, T., Yasgar, A., Huang, R., Simeonov, A., (2019) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 59, pp. 4613-4624; Fourches, D., Muratov, E., Tropsha, A., (2015) Nat. Chem. Biol., 11, p. 535; Todeschini, R., Consonni, V., (2009) Handbook of Molecular Descriptors, , Wiley-WCH, New York; (2020) Rdkit, “Morgan Fingerprints, , http://rdkit.org/docs/GettingStartedInPython.html#morgan-fingerprints-circular-fingerprints, Accessed Jun 26, 2020; Bologa, C., Allu, T.K., Olah, M., Kappler, M.A., Oprea, T.I., (2005) J. Comput.-Aided Mol. Des., 19, pp. 625-635; Li, G., De Clercq, E., (2020) Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery, 19, pp. 149-150; Jin, Z., Du, X., Xu, Y., Deng, Y., Liu, M., Zhao, Y., Zhang, B., Yang, H., (2020) Nature, 582, pp. 289-293; Chembl, “Target Report Card - CHEMBL612575, , https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/target_report_card/CHEMBL612575/, Accessed Jun 26, 2020; Kempf, D.J., Isaacson, J.D., King, M.S., Brun, S.C., Xu, Y., Real, K., Bernstein, B.M., Rode, R.A., (2001) J. Virol., 75, pp. 7462-7469; Chu, C.M., (2004) Thorax, 59, pp. 252-256; Chan, J.F.W., Yao, Y., Yeung, M.-L., Deng, W., Bao, L., Jia, L., Li, F., Yuen, K.-Y., (2015) J. Infect. Dis., 212, pp. 1904-1913; Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., Liu, W., Wang, J., Fan, G., Ruan, L., Wang, C., (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1787-1799; Irwin, J.J., Shoichet, B.K., (2005) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 45, pp. 177-182; PY - 2021 SN - 18681743 (ISSN) ST - QSAR Modeling of SARS-CoV Mpro Inhibitors Identifies Sufugolix, Cenicriviroc, Proglumetacin, and other Drugs as Candidates for Repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 T2 - Molecular Informatics TI - QSAR Modeling of SARS-CoV Mpro Inhibitors Identifies Sufugolix, Cenicriviroc, Proglumetacin, and other Drugs as Candidates for Repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85089730759&doi=10.1002%2fminf.202000113&partnerID=40&md5=f7000c520f96c5c731918cadef38a8c7 VL - 40 ID - 228 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The p53 transcription factor plays a key role both in cancer and in the cell-intrinsic response to infections. The ORFEOME project hypothesized that novel p53-virus interactions reside in hitherto uncharacterized, unknown, or hypothetical open reading frames (orfs) of human viruses. Hence, 172 orfs of unknown function from the emerging viruses SARS-Coronavirus, MERS-Coronavirus, influenza, Ebola, Zika (ZIKV), Chikungunya and Kaposi Sarcomaassociated herpesvirus (KSHV) were de novo synthesized, validated and tested in a functional screen of p53 signaling. This screen revealed novel mechanisms of p53 virus interactions and two viral proteins KSHV orf10 and ZIKV NS2A binding to p53. Originally identified as the target of small DNA tumor viruses, these experiments reinforce the notion that all viruses, including RNA viruses, interfere with p53 functions. These results validate this resource for analogous systems biology approaches to identify functional properties of uncharacterized viral proteins, long non-coding RNAs and micro RNAs. © 2021 Alzhanova et al. AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States AU - Alzhanova, D. AU - Corcoran, K. AU - Bailey, A. G. AU - Long, K. AU - Taft-Benz, S. AU - Graham, R. L. AU - Broussard, G. S. AU - Heise, M. AU - Neumann, G. AU - Halfmann, P. AU - Kawaoka, Y. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Damania, B. AU - Dittmer, D. P. C2 - 33411764 C7 - e1009033 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009033 IS - 1 J2 - PLoS Pathog. KW - etoposide lipofectamine long untranslated RNA luciferase methanol microRNA nutlin 3 protein p21 protein p53 viral protein Article capillary electrophoresis cell viability Chikungunya virus controlled study CRISPR-CAS9 system Ebolavirus gene deletion genetic transfection human human cell Human herpesvirus 8 immunoblotting immunofluorescence immunoprecipitation influenza Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus mouse nonhuman nuclear localization signal open reading frame phosphorylation plasmid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis polymerase chain reaction protein expression RNA virus SARS coronavirus signal transduction tumor suppressor gene ubiquitination upregulation Western blotting Zika virus communicable disease Coronavirinae genetics Influenza A virus metabolism virology Communicable Diseases, Emerging Coronavirus Herpesvirus 8, Human Humans Open Reading Frames RNA Viruses Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 Viral Nonstructural Proteins LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Dittmer, D.P.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, United States; email: ddittmer@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: etoposide, 33419-42-0, 433304-61-1; lipofectamine, 158571-62-1; methanol, 67-56-1; nutlin 3, 548472-68-0; protein p21, 85306-28-1; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Viral Nonstructural Proteins Manufacturers: Invitrogen; MilliporeSigma; MP BiomedicalsPromega References: Kastenhuber, ER, Lowe, SW., Putting p53 in Context (2017) Cell, 170 (6), pp. 1062-1078. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.028, Epub 2017/09/09. PMID: 28886379; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5743327; Rivas, C, Aaronson, SA, Munoz-Fontela, C., Dual Role of p53 in Innate Antiviral Immunity (2010) Viruses, 2 (1), pp. 298-313. , https://doi.org/10.3390/v2010298, Epub 2010/01/22. PMID: 21994612; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3185551; Munõz-Fontela, C, Mandinova, A, Aaronson, SA, Lee, SW., Emerging roles of p53 and other tumour-suppressor genes in immune regulation (2016) Nat Rev Immunol, 16 (12), pp. 741-750. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.99, Epub 2016/09/26. PMID: 27667712; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5325695; Ryan, EL, Hollingworth, R, Grand, RJ., Activation of the DNA Damage Response by RNA Viruses (2016) Biomolecules, 6 (1), p. 2. , https://doi.org/10.3390/biom6010002, Epub 2016/01/06. PMID: 26751489; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4808796; Luftig, MA., Viruses and the DNA Damage Response: Activation and Antagonism (2014) Annu Rev Virol, 1 (1), pp. 605-625. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-virology-031413-085548, Epub 2014/07/16. PMID: 26958736; Takaoka, A, Hayakawa, S, Yanai, H, Stoiber, D, Negishi, H, Kikuchi, H, Integration of interferon-alpha/beta signalling to p53 responses in tumour suppression and antiviral defence (2003) Nature, 424 (6948), pp. 516-523. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01850, Epub 2003/07/23. PMID: 12872134; Munoz-Fontela, C, Macip, S, Martinez-Sobrido, L, Brown, L, Ashour, J, Garcia-Sastre, A, Transcriptional role of p53 in interferon-mediated antiviral immunity (2008) J Exp Med, 205 (8), pp. 1929-1938. , https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20080383, Epub 2008/07/30. PMID: 18663127; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2525597; Hummer, BT, Li, XL, Hassel, BA., Role for p53 in gene induction by double-stranded RNA (2001) J Virol, 75 (16), pp. 7774-7777. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.75.16.7774-7777.2001, Epub 2001/07/20. PMID: 11462054; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC115017; Taura, M, Eguma, A, Suico, MA, Shuto, T, Koga, T, Komatsu, K, p53 regulates Toll-like receptor 3 expression and function in human epithelial cell lines (2008) Mol Cell Biol, 28 (21), pp. 6557-6567. , https://doi.org/10.1128/MCB.01202-08, Epub 2008/09/10. PMID: 18779317; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2573237; Yoon, CH, Lee, ES, Lim, DS, Bae, YS., PKR, a p53 target gene, plays a crucial role in the tumor-suppressor function of p53 (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 106 (19), pp. 7852-7857. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812148106, Epub 2009/05/07. PMID: 19416861; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2683089; Cuddihy, AR, Wong, AH, Tam, NW, Li, S, Koromilas, AE., The double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase PKR physically associates with the tumor suppressor p53 protein and phosphorylates human p53 on serine 392 in vitro (1999) Oncogene, 18 (17), pp. 2690-2702. , https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202620, Epub 1999/05/29. PMID: 10348343; Aloni-Grinstein, R, Charni-Natan, M, Solomon, H, Rotter, V., p53 and the Viral Connection: Back into the Future (2018) Cancers (Basel), 10 (6). , https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10060178, Epub 2018/06/04. PMID: 29866997; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6024945; Bhattacharya, S, Chakraborty, D, Basu, M, Ghosh, MK., Emerging insights into HAUSP (USP7) in physiology, cancer and other diseases (2018) Signal Transduct Target Ther, 3, p. 17. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-018-0012-y, Epub 2018/06/29. PMID: 29967688; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6023882; Pancholi, NJ, Price, AM, Weitzman, MD., Take your PIKK: Tumour viruses and DNA damage response pathways (2017) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 372 (1732). , https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0269, Epub 2017/09/13. PMID: 28893936; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5597736; Postigo, A, Ramsden, AE, Howell, M, Way, M., Cytoplasmic ATR Activation Promotes Vaccinia Virus Genome Replication (2017) Cell Rep, 19 (5), pp. 1022-1032. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.025, Epub 2017/05/04. PMID: 28467896; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5437729; Lai, CK, Jeng, KS, Machida, K, Cheng, YS, Lai, MM., Hepatitis C virus NS3/4A protein interacts with ATM, impairs DNA repair and enhances sensitivity to ionizing radiation (2008) Virology, 370 (2), pp. 295-309. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2007.08.037, Epub 2007/10/13. PMID: 17931678; Bittar, C, Shrivastava, S, Bhanja Chowdhury, J, Rahal, P, Ray, RB., Hepatitis C virus NS2 protein inhibits DNA damage pathway by sequestering p53 to the cytoplasm (2013) PLoS One, 8 (4), p. e62581. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062581, Epub 2013/05/03. PMID: 23638118; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3640050; Santos, CR, Vega, FM, Blanco, S, Barcia, R, Lazo, PA., The vaccinia virus B1R kinase induces p53 downregulation by an Mdm2-dependent mechanism (2004) Virology, 328 (2), pp. 254-265. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2004.08.013, Epub 2004/10/07. PMID: 15464845; Sims, AC, Tilton, SC, Menachery, VD, Gralinski, LE, Schafer, A, Matzke, MM, Release of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nuclear import block enhances host transcription in human lung cells (2013) J Virol, 87 (7), pp. 3885-3902. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02520-12, Epub 2013/02/01. PMID: 23365422; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3624188; Ma-Lauer, Y, Carbajo-Lozoya, J, Hein, MY, Mü ller, MA, Deng, W, Lei, J, p53 down-regulates SARS coronavirus replication and is targeted by the SARS-unique domain and PLpro via E3 ubiquitin ligase RCHY1 (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 113 (35), pp. E5192-E5201. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603435113, Epub 2016/08/12. PMID: 27519799; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5024628; Yuan, L, Chen, Z, Song, S, Wang, S, Tian, C, Xing, G, p53 degradation by a coronavirus papain-like protease suppresses type I interferon signaling (2015) J Biol Chem, 290 (5), pp. 3172-3182. , https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.619890, Epub 2014/12/17. PMID: 25505178; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4317044; Baric, RS, Crosson, S, Damania, B, Miller, SI, Rubin, EJ., Next-Generation High-Throughput Functional Annotation of Microbial Genomes (2016) MBio, 7 (5). , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01245-16, Epub 2016/10/06. PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5050336. PMID: 27703071; el-Deiry, WS, Tokino, T, Velculescu, VE, Levy, DB, Parsons, R, Trent, JM, WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression (1993) Cell, 75 (4), pp. 817-825. , https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90500-p, PMID: 8242752; Dittmer, D, Pati, S, Zambetti, G, Chu, S, Teresky, AK, Moore, M, Gain of function mutations in p53 (1993) Nat Genet, 4 (1), pp. 42-46. , https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0593-42, Epub 1993/05/01. PMID: 8099841; Finlay, CA, Hinds, PW, Levine, AJ., The p53 proto-oncogene can act as a suppressor of transformation (1989) Cell, 57 (7), pp. 1083-1093. , https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(89)90045-7, PMID: 2525423; Florenes, VA, Maelandsmo, GM, Forus, A, Andreassen, A, Myklebost, O, Fodstad, O., MDM2 gene amplification and transcript levels in human sarcomas: Relationship to TP53 gene status (1994) J Natl Cancer Inst, 86 (17), pp. 1297-1302. , https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.17.1297, Epub 1994/09/07. PMID: 8064888; Montecucco, A, Zanetta, F, Biamonti, G., Molecular mechanisms of etoposide (2015) EXCLI J, 14, pp. 95-108. , https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2015-561, Epub 2015/01/19. PMID: 26600742; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4652635; Canman, CE, Wolff, AC, Chen, CY, Fornace, AJ, Kastan, MB., The p53-dependent G1 cell cycle checkpoint pathway and ataxia-telangiectasia (1994) Cancer Res, 54 (19), pp. 5054-5058. , PMID: 7923116; Lowe, SW, Ruley, HE, Jacks, T, Housman, DE., p53-dependent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents (1993) Cell, 74 (6), pp. 957-967. , https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90719-7, PMID: 8402885; Sun, B, Ross, SM, Rowley, S, Adeleye, Y, Clewell, RA., Contribution of ATM and ATR kinase pathways to p53-mediated response in etoposide and methyl methanesulfonate induced DNA damage (2017) Environ Mol Mutagen, 58 (2), pp. 72-83. , https://doi.org/10.1002/em.22070, Epub 2017/02/14. PMID: 28195382; Jazayeri, A, Falck, J, Lukas, C, Bartek, J, Smith, GC, Lukas, J, ATM- A nd cell cycle-dependent regulation of ATR in response to DNA double-strand breaks (2006) Nat Cell Biol, 8 (1), pp. 37-45. , https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1337, Epub 2005/12/04. PMID: 16327781; Chudasama, P, Konrad, A, Jochmann, R, Lausen, B, Holz, P, Naschberger, E, Structural proteins of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus antagonize p53-mediated apoptosis (2015) Oncogene, 34 (5), pp. 639-649. , https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2013.595, Epub 2014/01/29. PMID: 24469037; Zhu, FX, King, SM, Smith, EJ, Levy, DE, Yuan, Y., A Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesviral protein inhibits virus-mediated induction of type I interferon by blocking IRF-7 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99 (8), pp. 5573-5578. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.082420599, Epub 2002/04/12. PMID: 11943871; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC122811; Vassilev, LT, Vu, BT, Graves, B, Carvajal, D, Podlaski, F, Filipovic, Z, In vivo activation of the p53 pathway by small-molecule antagonists of MDM2 (2004) Science, 303 (5659), pp. 844-848. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092472, Epub 2004/01/06. PMID: 14704432; Hou, W, Cruz-Cosme, R, Armstrong, N, Obwolo, LA, Wen, F, Hu, W, Molecular cloning and characterization of the genes encoding the proteins of Zika virus (2017) Gene, 628, pp. 117-128. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.049, Epub 2017/07/20. PMID: 28720531; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5729740; Anfasa, F, Siegers, JY, van der Kroeg, M, Mumtaz, N, Stalin Raj, V, de Vrij, FMS, Phenotypic Differences between Asian and African Lineage Zika Viruses in Human Neural Progenitor Cells (2017) mSphere, 2 (4). , https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00292-17, Epub 2017/08/18. PMID: 28815211; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5555676; Burma, S, Chen, BP, Murphy, M, Kurimasa, A, Chen, DJ., ATM phosphorylates histone H2AX in response to DNA double-strand breaks (2001) J Biol Chem, 276 (45), pp. 42462-42467. , https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C100466200, Epub 2001/09/26. PMID: 11571274; Yoo, SM, Zhou, FC, Ye, FC, Pan, HY, Gao, SJ., Early and sustained expression of latent and host modulating genes in coordinated transcriptional program of KSHV productive primary infection of human primary endothelial cells (2005) Virology, 343 (1), pp. 47-64. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2005.08.018, Epub 2005/09/13. PMID: 16154170; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2814456; Jackson, BR, Noerenberg, M, Whitehouse, A., A novel mechanism inducing genome instability in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infected cells (2014) PLoS Pathog, 10 (5), p. e1004098. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004098, Epub 2014/05/01. PMID: 24788796; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4006916; Gong, D, Kim, YH, Xiao, Y, Du, Y, Xie, Y, Lee, KK, A Herpesvirus Protein Selectively Inhibits Cellular mRNA Nuclear Export (2016) Cell Host Microbe, 20 (5), pp. 642-653. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2016.10.004, PMID: 27832591; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5130111; Oka, M, Asally, M, Yasuda, Y, Ogawa, Y, Tachibana, T, Yoneda, Y., The mobile FG nucleoporin Nup98 is a cofactor for Crm1-dependent protein export (2010) Mol Biol Cell, 21 (11), pp. 1885-1896. , https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e09-12-1041, Epub 2010/04/07. PMID: 20375145; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2877646; Davis, ZH, Verschueren, E, Jang, GM, Kleffman, K, Johnson, JR, Park, J, Global mapping of herpesvirus-host protein complexes reveals a transcription strategy for late genes (2015) Molecular cell, 57 (2), pp. 349-360. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2014.11.026, Epub 2014/12/30. PMID: 25544563; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4305015; Zhang, L, Nemzow, L, Chen, H, Lubin, A, Rong, X, Sun, Z, The deubiquitinating enzyme USP24 is a regulator of the UV damage response (2015) Cell Rep, 10 (2), pp. 140-147. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.024, Epub 2015/01/13. PMID: 25578727; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4359050; Vieira, J, O'Hearn, PM., Use of the red fluorescent protein as a marker of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic gene expression (2004) Virology, 325 (2), pp. 225-240. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2004.03.049, Epub 2004/07/13. PMID: 15246263; Chen, W, Hilton, IB, Staudt, MR, Burd, CE, Dittmer, DP., Distinct p53, p53:LANA, and LANA complexes in Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus Lymphomas (2010) J Virol, 84 (8), pp. 3898-3908. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01321-09, Epub 2010/02/05. PMID: 20130056; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2849491; Sarek, G, Kurki, S, Enback, J, Iotzova, G, Haas, J, Laakkonen, P, Reactivation of the p53 pathway as a treatment modality for KSHV-induced lymphomas (2007) J Clin Invest, 117 (4), pp. 1019-1028. , https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI30945, Epub 2007/03/17. PMID: 17364023; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1810577; Friborg, J, Kong, Hottiger MO, Nabel, GJ., p53 inhibition by the LANA protein of KSHV protects against cell death (1999) Nature, 402 (6764), pp. 889-894. , https://doi.org/10.1038/47266, Epub 2000/01/06. PMID: 10622254; Gorshkov, K, Shiryaev, SA, Fertel, S, Lin, YW, Huang, CT, Pinto, A, Zika Virus: Origins, Pathological Action, and Treatment Strategies (2018) Front Microbiol, 9, p. 3252. , https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.03252, Epub 2019/01/07. PMID: 30666246; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6330993; Rothan, HA, Fang, S, Mahesh, M, Byrareddy, SN., Zika Virus and the Metabolism of Neuronal Cells (2018) Mol Neurobiol, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1263-x, Epub 2018/07/24. PMID: 30043260; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6345609; Ghouzzi, VE, Bianchi, FT, Molineris, I, Mounce, BC, Berto, GE, Rak, M, ZIKA virus elicits P53 activation and genotoxic stress in human neural progenitors similar to mutations involved in severe forms of genetic microcephaly (2016) Cell Death Dis, 7 (10), p. e2440. , https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2016.266, Epub 2016/10/27. PMID: 27787521; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5133962; Devhare, P, Meyer, K, Steele, R, Ray, RB, Ray, R., Zika virus infection dysregulates human neural stem cell growth and inhibits differentiation into neuroprogenitor cells (2017) Cell Death Dis, 8 (10), p. e3106. , https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2017.517, Epub 2017/10/12. PMID: 29022904; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5682681; Zhang, F, Hammack, C, Ogden, SC, Cheng, Y, Lee, EM, Wen, Z, Molecular signatures associated with ZIKV exposure in human cortical neural progenitors (2016) Nucleic Acids Res, 44 (18), pp. 8610-8620. , https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw765, Epub 2016/08/31. PMID: 27580721; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5063002; Zhang, L, Gong, F., Involvement of USP24 in the DNA damage response (2016) Mol Cell Oncol, 3 (1), p. E1011888. , https://doi.org/10.1080/23723556.2015.1011888, Epub 2015/02/03. PMID: 27308530; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4845166; Liu, J, Li, Q, Li, X, Qiu, Z, Li, A, Liang, W, Zika Virus Envelope Protein induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis via an Intrinsic Cell Death Signaling Pathway in Neuroendocrine PC12 Cells (2018) Int J Biol Sci, 14 (9), pp. 1099-1108. , https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.26400, Epub 2018/06/08. PMID: 29989100; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6036729; Lasso, G, Mayer, SV, Winkelmann, ER, Chu, T, Elliot, O, Patino-Galindo, JA, A Structure-Informed Atlas of Human-Virus Interactions (2019) Cell, 178 (6), pp. 1526-1541. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.005, e16. Epub 2019/09/03. PMID: 31474372; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6736651; Yang, MR, Lee, SR, Oh, W, Lee, EW, Yeh, JY, Nah, JJ, West Nile virus capsid protein induces p53-mediated apoptosis via the sequestration of HDM2 to the nucleolus (2008) Cell Microbiol, 10 (1), pp. 165-176. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.01027.x, Epub 2007/08/19. PMID: 17697133; Xia, H, Luo, H, Shan, C, Muruato, AE, Nunes, BTD, Medeiros, DBA, An evolutionary NS1 mutation enhances Zika virus evasion of host interferon induction (2018) Nat Commun, 9 (1), p. 414. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02816-2, Epub 2018/01/29. PMID: 29379028; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5788864; Yoon, KJ, Song, G, Qian, X, Pan, J, Xu, D, Rho, HS, Zika-Virus-Encoded NS2A Disrupts Mammalian Cortical Neurogenesis by Degrading Adherens Junction Proteins (2017) Cell Stem Cell, 21 (3), pp. 349-358. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2017.07.014, e6. Epub 2017/08/17. PMID: 28826723; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5600197; Gabriel, E, Ramani, A, Karow, U, Gottardo, M, Natarajan, K, Gooi, LM, Recent Zika Virus Isolates Induce Premature Differentiation of Neural Progenitors in Human Brain Organoids (2017) Cell Stem Cell, 20 (3), pp. 397-406. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2016.12.005, e5. Epub 2017/01/26. PMID: 28132835; Molchadsky, A, Rivlin, N, Brosh, R, Rotter, V, Sarig, R., p53 is balancing development, differentiation and de-differentiation to assure cancer prevention (2010) Carcinogenesis, 31 (9), pp. 1501-1508. , https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgq101, Epub 2010/05/26. PMID: 20504879; Bartesaghi, S, Salomoni, P., Tumor suppressive pathways in the control of neurogenesis (2013) Cell Mol Life Sci, 70 (4), pp. 581-597. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-1063-9, Epub 2012/07/17. PMID: 22802124; Ferreira, A, Kosik, KS., Accelerated neuronal differentiation induced by p53 suppression (1996) J Cell Sci, 109, pp. 1509-1516. , (Pt 6): PMID: 8799837; Liu, H, Jia, D, Li, A, Chau, J, He, D, Ruan, X, p53 regulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation via BMP-Smad1 signaling and Id1 (2013) Stem Cells Dev, 22 (6), pp. 913-927. , https://doi.org/10.1089/scd.2012.0370, Epub 2013/01/30. PMID: 23199293; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3585476; Zhu, Z, Gorman, MJ, McKenzie, LD, Chai, JN, Hubert, CG, Prager, BC, Zika virus has oncolytic activity against glioblastoma stem cells (2017) J Exp Med, 214 (10), pp. 2843-2857. , https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171093, Epub 2017/09/05. PMID: 28874392; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5626408; Chen, Q, Wu, J, Ye, Q, Ma, F, Zhu, Q, Wu, Y, Treatment of Human Glioblastoma with a Live Attenuated Zika Virus Vaccine Candidate (2018) MBio, 9 (5). , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01683-18, Epub 2018/09/18. PMID: 30228241; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6143740; Dabaja, MZ, Lima Ed, O, de Oliveira, DN, Guerreiro, TM, Melo, CFOR, Morishita, KN, Metabolic alterations induced by attenuated Zika virus in glioblastoma cells (2018) Cell & Bioscience, 8 (1), p. 47. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-018-0243-1; Lubin, JA, Zhang, RR, Kuo, JS., Zika Virus has Oncolytic Activity Against Glioblastoma Stem Cells (2018) Neurosurgery, 82 (5), pp. E113-E4. , https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyy047, PMID: 29669124; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6257021; Zhang, Y, Dube, C, Gibert, M, Cruickshanks, N, Wang, B, Coughlan, M, The p53 Pathway in Glioblastoma (2018) Cancers (Basel), 10 (9). , https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10090297, Epub 2018/09/01. PMID: 30200436; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6162501; Dittmer, DP, Damania, B., Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: Immunobiology, oncogenesis, and therapy (2016) J Clin Invest, 126 (9), pp. 3165-3175. , https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI84418, Epub 2016/09/02. PMID: 27584730; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5004954; Hollingworth, R, Grand, RJ., Modulation of DNA damage and repair pathways by human tumour viruses (2015) Viruses, 7 (5), pp. 2542-2591. , https://doi.org/10.3390/v7052542, Epub 2015/05/22. PMID: 26008701; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4452920; Petre, CE, Sin, SH, Dittmer, DP., Functional p53 signaling in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lymphomas: Implications for therapy (2007) J Virol, 81 (4), pp. 1912-1922. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01757-06, Epub 2006/11/24. PMID: 17121789; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1797584; Bisson, SA, Page, AL, Ganem, D., A Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus protein that forms inhibitory complexes with type I interferon receptor subunits, Jak and STAT proteins, and blocks interferonmediated signal transduction (2009) J Virol, 83 (10), pp. 5056-5066. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02516-08, Epub 2009/03/13. PMID: 19279093; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2682077; Freedman, DA, Levine, AJ., Nuclear export is required for degradation of endogenous p53 by MDM2 and human papillomavirus E6 (1998) Mol Cell Biol, 18 (12), pp. 7288-7293. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.12.7288, PMID: 9819415; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC109310; Singer, S, Zhao, R, Barsotti, AM, Ouwehand, A, Fazollahi, M, Coutavas, E, Nuclear pore component Nup98 is a potential tumor suppressor and regulates posttranscriptional expression of select p53 target genes (2012) Molecular cell, 48 (5), pp. 799-810. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2012.09.020, Epub 2012/10/24. PMID: 23102701; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3525737; Scheffner, M, Huibregtse, JM, Vierstra, RD, Howley, PM., The HPV-16 E6 and E6-AP complex functions as a ubiquitin-protein ligase in the ubiquitination of p53 (1993) Cell, 75 (3), pp. 495-505. , https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(93)90384-3, PMID: 8221889; Dittmer, D, Mocarski, ES., Human cytomegalovirus infection inhibits G1/S transition (1997) J Virol, 71 (2), pp. 1629-1634. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.71.2.1629-1634.1997, PMID: 8995690; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC191221; Balistreri, G, Viiliainen, J, Turunen, M, Diaz, R, Lyly, L, Pekkonen, P, Oncogenic Herpesvirus Utilizes Stress-Induced Cell Cycle Checkpoints for Efficient Lytic Replication (2016) PLoS Pathog, 12 (2), p. E1005424. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005424, Epub 2016/02/20. PMID: 26891221; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4758658; Wu, FY, Wang, SE, Tang, QQ, Fujimuro, M, Chiou, CJ, Zheng, Q, Cell cycle arrest by Kaposi's sarcoma- A ssociated herpesvirus replication-associated protein is mediated at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels by binding to CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha and p21(CIP-1) (2003) J Virol, 77 (16), pp. 8893-8914. , https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.16.8893-8914.2003, PMID: 12885907; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC167214; Wu, FY, Tang, QQ, Chen, H, ApRhys, C, Farrell, C, Chen, J, Lytic replication-associated protein (RAP) encoded by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus causes p21CIP-1-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest through CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 99 (16), pp. 10683-10688. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.162352299, Epub 2002/07/26. PMID: 12145325; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC125013; Kuan, MI, O'Dowd, JM, Chughtai, K, Hayman, I, Brown, CJ, Fortunato, EA., Human Cytomegalovirus nuclear egress and secondary envelopment are negatively affected in the absence of cellular p53 (2016) Virology, 497, pp. 279-293. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2016.07.021, Epub 2016/08/05. PMID: 27498410; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5026618; Kuan, MI, O'Dowd, JM, Fortunato, EA., The absence of p53 during Human Cytomegalovirus infection leads to decreased UL53 expression, disrupting UL50 localization to the inner nuclear membrane, and thereby inhibiting capsid nuclear egress (2016) Virology, 497, pp. 262-278. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2016.07.020, Epub 2016/08/04. PMID: 27498409; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5026620; Casavant, NC, Luo, MH, Rosenke, K, Winegardner, T, Zurawska, A, Fortunato, EA., Potential role for p53 in the permissive life cycle of human cytomegalovirus (2006) J Virol, 80 (17), pp. 8390-8401. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00505-06, PMID: 16912290; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1563868; Savaryn, JP, Reitsma, JM, Bigley, TM, Halligan, BD, Qian, Z, Yu, D, Human cytomegalovirus pUL29/28 and pUL38 repression of p53-regulated p21CIP1 and caspase 1 promoters during infection (2013) J Virol, 87 (5), pp. 2463-2474. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01926-12, Epub 2012/12/14. PMID: 23236067; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3571358; Sun, Y, Bao, Q, Xuan, B, Xu, W, Pan, D, Li, Q, Human Cytomegalovirus Protein pUL38 Prevents Premature Cell Death by Binding to Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 24 and Regulating Iron Metabolism (2018) J Virol, 92 (13). , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00191-18, Epub 2018/04/27. PMID: 29695420; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6002719; Allen, M, Bjerke, M, Edlund, H, Nelander, S, Westermark, B., Origin of the U87MG glioma cell line: Good news and bad news (2016) Sci Transl Med, 8 (354), p. 354re3. , https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6853, PMID: 27582061; Seltzer, J, Moorad, R, Schifano, JM, Landis, JT, Dittmer, DP., Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase (IRAK) Signaling in Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Induced Primary Effusion Lymphoma (2020) J Virol, 94 (10). , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.02123-19, Epub 2020/03/13. PMID: 32161170; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7199399; Myoung, J, Ganem, D., Infection of lymphoblastoid cell lines by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: Critical role of cell-associated virus (2011) J Virol, 85 (19), pp. 9767-9777. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.05136-11, Epub 2011/07/29. PMID: 21795352; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3196463; Vieira, J, Huang, ML, Koelle, DM, Corey, L., Transmissible Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in saliva of men with a history of Kaposi's sarcoma (1997) J Virol, 71 (9), pp. 7083-7087. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.71.9.7083-7087.1997, Epub 1997/09/01. PMID: 9261440; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC192001; Baker, SJ, Markowitz, S, Fearon, ER, Willson, JK, Vogelstein, B., Suppression of human colorectal carcinoma cell growth by wild-type p53 (1990) Science, 249 (4971), pp. 912-915. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2144057, PMID: 2144057; Kern, SE, Pietenpol, JA, Thiagalingam, S, Seymour, A, Kinzler, KW, Vogelstein, B., Oncogenic forms of p53 inhibit p53-regulated gene expression (1992) Science, 256 (5058), pp. 827-830. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1589764, PMID: 1589764; Niopek, D, Wehler, P, Roensch, J, Eils, R, Di Ventura, B., Optogenetic control of nuclear protein export (2016) Nat Commun, 7, p. 10624. , https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10624, Epub 2016/02/08. PMID: 26853913; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4748110; Durocher, Y, Perret, S, Kamen, A., High-level and high-throughput recombinant protein production by transient transfection of suspension-growing human 293-EBNA1 cells (2002) Nucleic Acids Res, 30 (2), p. E9. , https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/30.2.e9, PMID: 11788735; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC99848 PY - 2021 SN - 15537366 (ISSN) ST - Novel modulators of p53-signaling encoded by unknown genes of emerging viruses T2 - PLoS Pathogens TI - Novel modulators of p53-signaling encoded by unknown genes of emerging viruses UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099155437&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.ppat.1009033&partnerID=40&md5=068f48495c0f17b76d1a62a32f98ba64 VL - 17 ID - 146 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose of Review: The present review discusses the peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recent Findings: Nerve pain and skeletal muscle injury, Guillain-Barré syndrome, cranial polyneuritis, neuromuscular junction disorders, neuro-ophthalmological disorders, neurosensory hearing loss, and dysautonomia have been reported as PNS manifestations in patients with COVID-19. Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19. COVID-19 has shown syndromic complexity. Not only does SARS-CoV-2 affect the central nervous system but also it involves the PNS. The PNS involvement may be due to dysregulation of the immune system attributable to COVID-19. Here we review the broad spectrum of PNS involvement of COVID-19. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature. AD - Research Unit of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical Research, Odense University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Department of Neurology, Loyola University, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, United States Neurological Service, SS Annunziata Hospital, Sulmona, L’Aquila, Italy Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, NM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States Neurology Department, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Neurology, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States Departments of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Canada Department of Medicine (Neurology), Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Departamento de Neurologia, Red UC Christus, Hospital Dr. Sótero del Río, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States Department of Anatomic Pathology and Histology, San Camillo De’ Lellis Hospital, Rieti, Italy Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de La Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay AU - Andalib, S. AU - Biller, J. AU - Di Napoli, M. AU - Moghimi, N. AU - McCullough, L. D. AU - Rubinos, C. A. AU - O’Hana Nobleza, C. AU - Azarpazhooh, M. R. AU - Catanese, L. AU - Elicer, I. AU - Jafari, M. AU - Liberati, F. AU - Camejo, C. AU - Torbey, M. AU - Divani, A. A. C2 - 33586020 C7 - 9 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s11910-021-01102-5 , https://doi.org/; Reyes-Bueno, J.A., García-Trujillo, L., Urbaneja, P., Ciano-Petersen, N.L., Postigo-Pozo, M.J., Martínez-Tomás, C., Miller-Fisher syndrome after SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Eur J Neurol, , https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14383; Senel, M., Abu-Rumeileh, S., Michel, D., Garibashvili, T., Althaus, K., Kassubek, J., Miller-Fisher syndrome after COVID-19: neurochemical markers as an early sign of nervous system involvement (2020) Eur J Neurol., 27 (11), pp. 2378-2380; Fernández-Domínguez, J., Ameijide-Sanluis, E., García-Cabo, C., García-Rodríguez, R., Mateos, V., Miller-Fisher-like syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID 19) (2020) J Neurol., 267 (9), pp. 2495-2496; Manganotti, P., Pesavento, V., Buoite Stella, A., Bonzi, L., Campagnolo, E., Bellavita, G., Miller Fisher syndrome diagnosis and treatment in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J Neurovirol., 26 (4), pp. 605-606; Diez-Porras, L., Vergés, E., Gil, F., Vidal, M.J., Massons, J., Arboix, A., Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome and COVID-19: Case report and literature review (2020) Neuromuscular Disorders: NMD., , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.354; Paybast, S., Gorji, R., Mavandadi, S., Guillain-Barré syndrome as a neurological complication of novel COVID-19 infection: a case report and review of the literature (2020) The neurologist., 25 (4), pp. 101-103; Assini, A., Benedetti, L., Di Maio, S., Schirinzi, E., Del Sette, M., New clinical manifestation of COVID-19 related Guillain-Barrè syndrome highly responsive to intravenous immunoglobulins: two Italian cases (2020) Neurol Sci., 41 (7), pp. 1657-1658; Su, X.W., Palka, S.V., Rao, R.R., Chen, F.S., Brackney, C.R., Cambi, F., SARS-CoV-2-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome with dysautonomia (2020) Muscle Nerve., 62 (2), pp. E48-E49; Scheidl, E., Canseco, D.D., Hadji-Naumov, A., Bereznai, B., Guillain-Barré syndrome during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: a case report and review of recent literature (2020) J Peripher Nerv Syst., 25 (2), pp. 204-207; Oguz-Akarsu, E., Ozpar, R., Mirzayev, H., Acet-Ozturk, N.A., Hakyemez, B., Ediger, D., Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient with minimal symptoms of COVID-19 infection (2020) Muscle & nerve., 62 (3), pp. E54-E57; El Otmani, H., El Moutawakil, B., Rafai, M.A., El Benna, N., El Kettani, C., Soussi, M., Covid-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome: more than a coincidence! (2020) Rev Neurol (Paris)., 176 (6), pp. 518-519; Bigaut, K., Mallaret, M., Baloglu, S., Nemoz, B., Morand, P., Baicry, F., Guillain-Barré syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm., 7 (5); Arnaud, S., Budowski, C., Ng Wing Tin, S., Degos, B., Post SARS-CoV-2 Guillain-Barré syndrome (2020) Clin Neurophysiol., 131 (7), pp. 1652-1654; Esteban Molina, A., Mata Martínez, M., Sánchez Chueca, P., Carrillo López, A., Sancho Val, I., Sanjuan-Villarreal, T.A., Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Med Intensiva., 44 (8), pp. 513-514; Marta-Enguita, J., Rubio-Baines, I., Gastón-Zubimendi, I., Fatal Guillain-Barre syndrome after infection with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Neurologia., 35 (4), pp. 265-267; Sancho-Saldaña, A., Lambea-Gil, Á., Liesa, J.L.C., Caballo, M.R.B., Garay, M.H., Celada, D.R., Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with leptomeningeal enhancement following SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Clin Med (Lond), 20 (4), pp. e93-e94; Velayos Galán, A., del Saz Saucedo, P., Peinado Postigo, F., Botia Paniagua, E., Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Neurología (English Edition)., 35 (4), pp. 268-269; Webb, S., Wallace, V.C., Martin-Lopez, D., Yogarajah, M., Guillain-Barré syndrome following COVID-19: a newly emerging post-infectious complication (2020) BMJ Case Reports., 13 (6); Romero-Sánchez, C.M., Díaz-Maroto, I., Fernández-Díaz, E., Sánchez-Larsen, Á., Layos-Romero, A., García-García, J., Neurologic manifestations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: The ALBACOVID registry (2020) Neurology, , https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000009937, ALBACOVID registry reported myalgias, myopathy, and optic neuritis in patients with COVID-19; de Sanctis, P., Doneddu, P.E., Viganò, L., Selmi, C., Nobile-Orazio, E., Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) A Systematic Review. Eur J Neurol., , https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14462, A systematic review giving account of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with COVID-19; Gupta, A., Paliwal, V.K., Garg, R.K., Is COVID-19-related Guillain-Barré syndrome different? (2020) Brain Behav Immun., 87, pp. 177-178; Abu-Rumeileh, S., Abdelhak, A., Foschi, M., Tumani, H., Otto, M., Guillain-Barré syndrome spectrum associated with COVID-19: An up-to-date systematic review of 73 cases (2020) J Neurol, pp. 1-38. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10124-x; Uncini, A., Vallat, J.M., Jacobs, B.C., Guillain-Barré syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 infection: an instant systematic review of the first six months of pandemic (2020) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry., 91 (10), pp. 1105-1110; Keddie, S., Pakpoor, J., Mousele, C., Pipis, M., Machado, P.M., Foster, M., Epidemiological and cohort study finds no association between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome (2020) Brain, , https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa433; Mao, L., Jin, H., Wang, M., Hu, Y., Chen, S., He, Q., Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Neurol., 77 (6), pp. 683-690; Han, Y.N., Feng, Z.W., Sun, L.N., Ren, X.X., Wang, H., Xue, Y.M., A comparative-descriptive analysis of clinical characteristics in 2019-coronavirus-infected children and adults (2020) J Med Virol, , https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25835; Wang, X., Liu, W., Zhao, J., Lu, Y., Wang, X., Yu, C., Clinical characteristics of 80 hospitalized frontline medical workers infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) J Hosp Infect., 105 (3), pp. 399-403; Liu, M., He, P., Liu, H.G., Wang, X.J., Li, F.J., Chen, S., Clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with new coronavirus pneumonia (2020) Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi., 43 (3), pp. 209-214; Lechien, J.R., Chiesa-Estomba, C.M., Place, S., Van Laethem, Y., Cabaraux, P., Mat, Q., Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 1420 European patients with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J Intern Med., 288 (3), pp. 335-344; Lai, X., Wang, M., Qin, C., Tan, L., Ran, L., Chen, D., Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) infection among health care workers and implications for prevention measures in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA network open, 3 (5), pp. e209666-e; Lapostolle, F., Schneider, E., Vianu, I., Dollet, G., Roche, B., Berdah, J., Clinical features of 1487 COVID-19 patients with outpatient management in the Greater Paris: the COVID-call study (2020) Intern Emerg Med., 15 (5), pp. 813-817; Chen, Y., Zhao, M., Wu, Y., Zang, S., Epidemiological analysis of the early 38 fatalities in Hubei, China, of the coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J Glob Health., 10 (1), p. 011004; O’Reilly, G.M., Mitchell, R.D., Wu, J., Rajiv, P., Bannon-Murphy, H., Amos, T., Epidemiology and clinical features of emergency department patients with suspected COVID-19: results from the first month of the COVID-19 Emergency Department Quality Improvement Project (COVED-2) (2020) Emerg Med Australas., 32 (5), pp. 814-822; Gaur, A., Meena, S.K., Bairwa, R., Meena, D., Nanda, R., Sharma, S.R., Clinico-radiological Presentation of COVID-19 Patients at a Tertiary Care Center at Bhilwara Rajasthan, India (2020) J Assoc Physicians India., 68 (7), pp. 29-33. , PID: 32602678; Aggarwal, A., Shrivastava, A., Kumar, A., Ali, A., Clinical and Epidemiological Features of SARS-CoV-2 Patients in SARI Ward of a Tertiary Care Centre in New Delhi (2020) J Assoc Physicians India., 68 (7), pp. 19-26. , PID: 32602676; Xu, X.-W., Wu, X.-X., Jiang, X.-G., Xu, K.-J., Ying, L.-J., Ma, C.-L., Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series (2020) BMJ (Clinical research ed), 368, pp. m606-m; Wei, X.-S., Wang, X.-R., Zhang, J.-C., Yang, W.-B., Ma, W.-L., Yang, B.-H., A cluster of health care workers with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J Microbiol Immunol Infect., , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2020.04.013, S1684-182(20)30107-9; Korkmaz, M.F., Türe, E., Dorum, B.A., Kılıç, Z.B., The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 81 children with COVID-19 in a pandemic hospital in Turkey: an observational cohort study (2020) Journal of Korean medical science, 35 (25), pp. e236-e; Beydon, M., Chevalier, K., Al Tabaa, O., Hamroun, S., Delettre, A.S., Thomas, M., Myositis as a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Ann Rheum Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217573; Zhang, H., Charmchi, Z., Seidman, R.J., Anziska, Y., Velayudhan, V., Perk, J., COVID-19-associated myositis with severe proximal and bulbar weakness (2020) Muscle Nerve., 62 (3), pp. E57-E60; Mehan, W.A., Yoon, B.C., Lang, M., Li, M.D., Rincon, S., Buch, K., Paraspinal myositis in patients with COVID-19 infection (2020) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol., 41 (10), pp. 1949-1952; Pinal-Fernandez, I., Casal-Dominguez, M., Mammen, A.L., Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (2018) Curr Rheumatol Rep., 20 (4), p. 21; Vaira, L.A., Deiana, G., Fois, A.G., Pirina, P., Madeddu, G., De Vito, A., Objective evaluation of anosmia and ageusia in COVID-19 patients: single-center experience on 72 cases (2020) Head Neck., 42 (6), pp. 1252-1258; Homma, Y., Watanabe, M., Inoue, K., Moritaka, T., Coronavirus Disease-19 Pneumonia with Facial Nerve Palsy and Olfactory Disturbance (2020) Intern Med., 59 (14), pp. 1773-1775; Gogia, B., Gil Guevara, A., Rai, P.K., Fang, X., A case of COVID-19 with multiple cranial neuropathies (2020) Int J Neurosci, pp. 1-3. , –,., https://doi.org/10.1080/00207454.2020.1869001; Restivo, D.A., Centonze, D., Alesina, A., Marchese-Ragona, R., Myasthenia gravis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Ann Intern Med., 173 (12), pp. 1027-1028; Gilhus, N.E., Romi, F., Hong, Y., Skeie, G.O., Myasthenia gravis and infectious disease (2018) J Neurol., 265 (6), pp. 1251-1258; Camelo-Filho, A.E., Silva, A.M.S., Estephan, E.P., Zambon, A.A., Mendonça, R.H., Souza, P.V.S., Myasthenia gravis and COVID-19: clinical characteristics and outcomes (2020) Front Neurol., 11, p. 1053; Delly, F., Syed, M.J., Lisak, R.P., Zutshi, D., Myasthenic crisis in COVID-19 (2020) J Neurol Sci., 414, p. 116888; Marie, I., Maurey, G., Hervé, F., Hellot, M.F., Levesque, H., Intravenous immunoglobulin-associated arterial and venous thrombosis; report of a series and review of the literature (2006) Br J Dermatol., 155 (4), pp. 714-721; Klok, F.A., Kruip, M., van der Meer, N.J.M., Arbous, M.S., Gommers, D., Kant, K.M., Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 (2020) Thromb Res., 191, pp. 145-147; Jacob, S., Muppidi, S., Guidon, A., Guptill, J., Hehir, M., Howard, J.F., Jr., Guidance for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Neurol Sci., 412, p. 116803; Marinho, P.M., Marcos, A.A.A., Romano, A.C., Nascimento, H., Belfort, R., Retinal findings in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Lancet (London, England), , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31014-X; Dinkin, M., Gao, V., Kahan, J., Bobker, S., Simonetto, M., Wechsler, P., COVID-19 presenting with ophthalmoparesis from cranial nerve palsy (2020) Neurology., 95 (5), pp. 221-223; Belghmaidi, S., Nassih, H., Boutgayout, S., El Fakiri, K., El Qadiry, R., Hajji, I., Third cranial nerve palsy presenting with unilateral diplopia and strabismus in a 24-year-old woman with COVID-19 (2020) Am J Case Rep., 21; Munro, K.J., Uus, K., Almufarrij, I., Chaudhuri, N., Yioe, V., Persistent self-reported changes in hearing and tinnitus in post-hospitalisation COVID-19 cases (2020) Int J Audiol, pp. 1-2. , https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2020.1798519; Sriwijitalai, W., Wiwanitkit, V., Hearing loss and COVID-19: A note (2020) Am J Otolaryngol, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102473; Abdel Rhman, S., Abdel Wahid, A., COVID -19 and sudden sensorineural hearing loss, a case report (2020) Otolaryngol Case Report., 16, p. 100198; Kilic, O., Kalcioglu, M.T., Cag, Y., Tuysuz, O., Pektas, E., Caskurlu, H., Could sudden sensorineural hearing loss be the sole manifestation of COVID-19? An investigation into SARS-COV-2 in the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (2020) International journal of infectious diseases: IJID: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases., 97, pp. 208-211; Degen, C., Lenarz, T., Willenborg, K., Acute profound sensorineural hearing loss after COVID-19 pneumonia (2020) Mayo Clin Proc., 95 (8), pp. 1801-1803; Latronico, N., Bolton, C.F., Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy: a major cause of muscle weakness and paralysis (2011) Lancet Neurol., 10 (10), pp. 931-941; Hough, C.L., Steinberg, K.P., Taylor Thompson, B., Rubenfeld, G.D., Hudson, L.D., Intensive care unit-acquired neuromyopathy and corticosteroids in survivors of persistent ARDS (2009) Intensive Care Med., 35 (1), pp. 63-68; Frithiof, R., Rostami, E., Kumlien, E., Virhammar, J., Fällmar, D., Hultström, M., Critical Illness Polyneuropathy and Myopathy in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Observational Intensive Care Unit Cross-Sectional Cohort Study, , https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-78038/v1, Research Square. 2020; Tankisi, H., Tankisi, A., Harbo, T., Markvardsen, L.K., Andersen, H., Pedersen, T.H., Critical illness myopathy as a consequence of Covid-19 infection (2020) Clin Neurophysiol., 131 (8), pp. 1931-1932; Bagnato, S., Boccagni, C., Marino, G., Prestandrea, C., D’Agostino, T., Rubino, F., Critical illness myopathy after COVID-19 (2020) Int J Infect Dis., 99, pp. 276-278; Al-Ani, F., Chehade, S., Lazo-Langner, A., Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review (2020) Thromb Res., 192, pp. 152-160; Fernandez, C.E., Franz, C.K., Ko, J.H., Walter, J.M., Koralnik, I.J., Ahlawat, S., Imaging review of peripheral nerve injuries in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Radiology, , https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020203116; Moghadam, V.D., Shafiee, H., Ghorbani, M., Heidarifar, R., Prone positioning in management of COVID-19 hospitalized patients (2020) Braz J Anesthesiol., 70 (2), pp. 188-190; Roth, C., Ferbert, A., Deinsberger, W., Kleffmann, J., Kästner, S., Godau, J., Does prone positioning increase intracranial pressure? A retrospective analysis of patients with acute brain injury and acute respiratory failure (2014) Neurocrit Care., 21 (2), pp. 186-191; Goettler, C.E., Pryor, J.P., Reilly, P.M., Brachial plexopathy after prone positioning (2002) Critical care (London, England)., 6 (6), pp. 540-542; Decavel, P., Petit, C., Tatu, L., Tapia syndrome at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: lower cranial neuropathy following prolonged intubation (2020) Neurology., 95 (7), pp. 312-313; Malik, G.R., Wolfe, A.R., Soriano, R., Rydberg, L., Wolfe, L.F., Deshmukh, S., Injury-prone: peripheral nerve injuries associated with prone positioning for COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Br J Anaesth., 125 (6), pp. e478-e480; Polack, F.P., Thomas, S.J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine (2020) NEJM., 383 (27), pp. 2603-2615; Baden, L.R., El Sahly, H.M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (2020) NEJM, , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2035389; (2020), https://www.fda.gov/media/144245/download, FDA. Vaccines and related biological products Advisory Committee meeting December 10, 2020. FDA briefing document: Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine, Accessed Jan 3 2021; (2020) Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting December 17, 2020, , https://www.fda.gov/media/144434/download, FDA briefing document Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. December 17,, 2020, . Accessed Jan 3 2021 IS - 3 J2 - Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. KW - COVID-19 Peripheral nervous system manifestations SARS-CoV-2 central nervous system Guillain Barre syndrome human neurologic disease peripheral nervous system Guillain-Barre Syndrome Humans Nervous System Diseases LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CNNRB Correspondence Address: Divani, A.A.; Department of Neurology, NM, United States; email: adivani@gmail.com PY - 2021 SN - 15284042 (ISSN) ST - Peripheral Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 T2 - Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports TI - Peripheral Nervous System Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100838033&doi=10.1007%2fs11910-021-01102-5&partnerID=40&md5=59961842dafe7653042efd5126558e51 VL - 21 ID - 84 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Platelets play an essential role in maintaining vascular integrity after injury. In addition, platelets contribute to the immune response to pathogens. For instance, they express receptors that mediate binding of viruses, and toll-like receptors that activate the cell in response to pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Platelets can be beneficial and/or detrimental during viral infections. They reduce blood-borne viruses by engulfing the free virus and presenting the virus to neutrophils. However, platelets can also enhance inflammation and tissue injury during viral infections. Here, we discuss the roles of platelets in viral infection. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. AD - UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Antoniak, S. AU - Mackman, N. C2 - 33615982 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/09537104.2021.1887842 IS - 3 J2 - Platelets KW - coronavirus influenza A virus myocarditis Platelets protein binding toll like receptor viral protein virus receptor animal cell communication dendritic cell gene expression regulation genetics host pathogen interaction human immunology innate immunity lymphocyte neutrophil pathogenicity pathology thrombocyte thrombocyte activation virology virus Animals Blood Platelets COVID-19 Dendritic Cells Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Immunity, Innate Lymphocytes Neutrophils Platelet Activation Receptors, Virus Toll-Like Receptors Viral Proteins Viruses LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PLTEE Correspondence Address: Antoniak, S.; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 116 Manning Drive 8004A Mary Ellen Jones Building CB#7035, United States; email: antoniak@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: toll like receptor, 409141-78-2; Receptors, Virus; Toll-Like Receptors; Viral Proteins Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, HL119523, HL142799 Funding text 1: This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL119523,HL142799]. We want to thank Drs. Yohei M. Hisada, Steven P. Grover and Robert H. Lee for providing critical comments to the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the NIH to S.A. (HL142799) and to N.M. (HL119523). Funding text 2: We want to thank Drs. Yohei M. Hisada, Steven P. Grover and Robert H. Lee for providing critical comments to the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the NIH to S.A. (HL142799) and to N.M. (HL119523). References: Lefrancais, E., Ortiz-Munoz, G., Caudrillier, A., Mallavia, B., Liu, F., Sayah, D.M., Thornton, E.E., Coughlin, S.R., Passegue E and Looney MR. The lung is a site of platelet biogenesis and a reservoir for haematopoietic progenitors (2017) Nature, 544 (7648), pp. 105-109; Mackman, N., Bergmeier, W., Ga, Ji, Therapeutic strategies for thrombosis: new targets and approaches (2020) Nat Rev Drug Discov, 19, pp. 333-352. , Stouffer, Weitz; Yeaman, M.R., Platelets: at the nexus of antimicrobial defence (2014) Nat Rev Microbiol, 12 (6), pp. 426-437; Jenne, C.N., Urrutia, R., Kubes, P., Platelets: Bridging hemostasis, inflammation, and immunity (2013) Int J Lab Hematol, 353, pp. 254-261; Clark, S.R., Ma, A.C., Tavener, S.A., McDonald, B., Goodarzi, Z., Kelly, M.M., Patel, K.D., Sinclair, G.D., Platelet TLR4 activates neutrophil extracellular traps to ensnare bacteria in septic blood (2007) Nat Med, 13 (4), pp. 463-469; Negrotto, S., Jaquenod de Giusti, C., Rivadeneyra, L., Ure, A.E., Mena, H.A., Schattner, M., Gomez, R.M., Platelets interact with Coxsackieviruses B and have a critical role in the pathogenesis of virus-induced myocarditis (2015) J Thrombosis Haemostasis: JTH, 13 (2), pp. 271-282; Chabert, A., Hamzeh-Cognasse, H., Pozzetto, B., Cognasse, F., Schattner, M., Gomez, R.M., Garraud, O., Human platelets and their capacity of binding viruses: meaning and challenges? (2015) BMC Immunol, 16 (1), p. 26; Flaujac, C., Boukour, S., Cramer-Borde, E., Platelets and viruses: an ambivalent relationship (2010) Cell Mol Life Sci: CMLS, 67 (4), pp. 545-556; Assinger, A., Platelets and infection - an emerging role of platelets in viral infection (2014) Front Immunol, 5, p. 649; Boilard, E., Pare, G., Rousseau, M., Cloutier, N., Dubuc, I., Levesque, T., Borgeat, P., Flamand, L., Influenza virus H1N1 activates platelets through FcγRIIA signaling and thrombin generation (2014) Blood, 123 (18), pp. 2854-2863; Koupenova, M., Clancy, L., Corkrey, H.A., Freedman, J.E., Circulating platelets as mediators of immunity, inflammation, and thrombosis (2018) Circ Res, 122 (2), pp. 337-351; Marx, C., Novotny, J., Salbeck, D., Zellner, K.R., Nicolai, L., Pekayvaz, K., Kilani, B., Kupka, D., Eosinophil-platelet interactions promote atherosclerosis and stabilize thrombosis with eosinophil extracellular traps (2019) Blood, 134 (21), pp. 1859-1872; Sung, P.-S., Hsieh, S.-L., CLEC2 and CLEC5A: pathogenic host factors in acute viral infections (2019) Front Immunol, 10, p. 2867; Etulain, J., Martinod, K., Wong, S.L., Cifuni, S.M., Schattner, M., Wagner, D.D., P-selectin promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation in mice (2015) Blood, 126 (2), pp. 242-246; Koupenova, M., Corkrey, H.A., Vitseva, O., Manni, G., Pang, C.J., Clancy, L., Yao, C., Wang, J.P., The role of platelets in mediating a response to human influenza infection (2019) Nat Commun, 10, p. 1780; Pulavendran, S., Rudd, J.M., Maram, P., Thomas, P.G., Akhilesh, R., Malayer, J.R., Chow, V.T.K., Teluguakula, N., Combination therapy targeting platelet activation and virus replication protects mice against lethal influenza pneumonia (2019) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 61 (6), pp. 689-701; Ashar, H.K., Mueller, N.C., Rudd, J.M., Snider, T.A., Achanta, M., Prasanthi, M., Pulavendran, S., Malayer, J.R., The role of extracellular histones in influenza virus pathogenesis (2018) Am J Pathol, 188 (1), pp. 135-148; Jenne, C.N., Wong, C.Y., Zemp, F.J., McDonald, B., Rahman, M.M., Forsyth, P.A., McFadden, G., Kubes, P., Neutrophils recruited to sites of infection protect from virus challenge by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (2013) Cell Host Microbe, 13 (2), pp. 169-180; Placke, T., Kopp, H.-G., Salih, H.R., Modulation of natural killer cell anti-tumor reactivity by platelets (2011) J Innate Immun, 3 (4), pp. 374-382; Sadallah, S., Schmied, L., Eken, C., Charoudeh, H.N., Amicarella, F., Schifferli, J.A., Platelet-derived ectosomes reduce NK cell function (2016) J Immunol, 197 (5), pp. 1663-1671; Duerschmied, D., Suidan, G.L., Demers, M., Herr, N., Carbo, C., Brill, A., Cifuni, S.M., Bader, M., Platelet serotonin promotes the recruitment of neutrophils to sites of acute inflammation in mice (2013) Blood, 121 (6), pp. 1008-1015; Iannacone, M., Sitia, G., Isogawa, M., Marchese, P., Castro, M.G., Lowenstein, P.R., Chisari, F.V., Guidotti, L.G., Platelets mediate cytotoxic T lymphocyte–induced liver damage (2005) Nat Med, 11 (11), pp. 1167-1169; Shi, G., Field, D.J., Ko, K.-A., Ture, S., Srivastava, K., Levy, S., Kowalska, M.A., Morrell, C.N., Platelet factor 4 limits Th17 differentiation and cardiac allograft rejection (2014) J Clin Invest, 124 (2), pp. 543-552; Maitre, B., Mangin, P.H., Eckly, A., Heim, V., Cazenave, J.-P., Lanza, F., Hanau, D., Gachet, C., Immature myeloid dendritic cells capture and remove activated platelets from preformed aggregates (2010) J Thrombosis Haemostasis: JTH, 8 (10), pp. 2262-2272; Portier, I., Campbell, R.A., Role of Platelets in Detection and Regulation of Infection (2021) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 41 (1), pp. 70-78; Forghani, B., Schmidt, N.J., Association of herpes simplex virus with platelets of experimentally infected mice (1983) Arch Virol, 76 (3), pp. 269-274; Bik, T., Sarov, I., Livne, A., Interaction between vaccinia virus and human blood platelets (1982) Blood, 59 (3), pp. 482-487; Assinger, A., Kral, J.B., Yaiw, K.C., Schrottmaier, W.C., Kurzejamska, E., Wang, Y., Mohammad, A.-A., Schabbauer, G., Human Cytomegalovirus–platelet interaction triggers toll-like receptor 2–dependent proinflammatory and proangiogenic responses (2014) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 34 (4), pp. 801-809; Danon, D., Jerushalmy, Z., De Vries, A., Incorporation of influenza virus in human blood platelets in vitro. Electron microscopical observation (1959) Virology, 9 (4), pp. 719-722; Koupenova, M., Vitseva, O., MacKay, C.R., Beaulieu, L.M., Benjamin, E.J., Mick, E., Kurt-Jones, E.A., Freedman, J.E., Platelet-TLR7 mediates host survival and platelet count during viral infection in the absence of platelet-dependent thrombosis (2014) Blood, 124 (5), pp. 791-802; de Almeida, A.J., Campos-de-Magalhaes, M., Antonietti, C.L., Brandao-Mello, C.E., da Silva, M.L., de Oliveira, R.V., Do Espirito-Santo, M.P., Lampe, E., Autoimmune thrombocytopenia related to chronic hepatitis C virus infection (2009) Hematology, 14 (1), pp. 49-58; Youssefian, T., Drouin, A., Masse, J.-M., Guichard, J., Cramer, E.M., Host defense role of platelets: engulfment of HIV andStaphylococcus aureus occurs in a specific subcellular compartment and is enhanced by platelet activation (2002) Blood, 99 (11), pp. 4021-4029; Noisakran, S., Gibbons, R.V., Songprakhon, P., Jairungsri, A., Ajariyakhajorn, C., Nisalak, A., Jarman, R.G., Perng, G.C., Detection of dengue virus in platelets isolated from dengue patients (2009) Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 40, pp. 253-262; Simon, A.Y., Sutherland, M.R., Pryzdial, E.L.G., Dengue virus binding and replication by platelets (2015) Blood, 126 (3), pp. 378-385; Chaipan, C., Soilleux, E.J., Simpson, P., Hofmann, H., Gramberg, T., Marzi, A., Geier, M., Steinkasserer, A., DC-SIGN and CLEC-2 mediate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capture by platelets (2006) J Virol, 80, pp. 8951-8960; Attatippaholkun, N., Kosaisawe, N., U-Pratya, Supraditaporn, P., Lorthongpanich, C., Pattanapanyasat, K., Issaragrisil, S., U-Pratya, Y., Publisher Correction: selective Tropism of Dengue Virus for Human Glycoprotein Ib (2018) Sci Rep, 8 (1), p. 6000; Koupenova, M., Mick, E., Mikhalev, E., Benjamin, E.J., Tanriverdi, K., Freedman, J.E., Sex differences in platelet toll-like receptors and their association with cardiovascular risk factors (2015) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 35 (4), pp. 1030-1037; Banerjee, M., Huang, Y., Joshi, S., Popa, G.J., Mendenhall, M.D., Wang, Q.J., Garvy, B.A., Whiteheart, S.W., Platelets Endocytose Viral Particles and Are Activated via TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) Signaling (2020) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 40, pp. 1635-1650; Anabel, A.-S., Eduardo, P.-C., Pedro Antonio, H.-C., Carlos, S.-M., Juana, N.-M., Honorio, T.-A., Nicolas, V.-S., Sergio Roberto, A.-R., Human platelets express Toll-like receptor 3 and respond to poly I:C (2014) Hum Immunol, 75 (12), pp. 1244-1251; Thon, J.N., Peters, C.G., Machlus, K.R., Aslam, R., Rowley, J., Macleod, H., Devine, M.T., Semple, J.W., T granules in human platelets function in TLR9 organization and signaling (2012) J Cell Biol, 198 (4), pp. 561-574; Onlamoon, N., Noisakran, S., Hsiao, H.-M., Duncan, A., Villinger, F., Ansari, A.A., Perng, G.C., Dengue virus–induced hemorrhage in a nonhuman primate model (2010) Blood, 115 (9), pp. 1823-1834; Rondina, M.T., Brewster, B., Grissom, C.K., Zimmerman, G.A., Kastendieck, D.H., Harris, E.S., Weyrich, A.S., In vivo platelet activation in critically ill patients with primary 2009 influenza A(H1N1) (2012) Chest, 141 (6), pp. 1490-1495; Singh, M.V., Davidson, D.C., Kiebala, M., Maggirwar, S.B., Detection of circulating platelet–monocyte complexes in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (2012) J Virol Methods, 181 (2), pp. 170-176; Bachelier, K., Biehl, S., Schwarz, V., Kindermann, I., Kandolf, R., Sauter, M., Ukena, C., Bock, C.-T., Parvovirus B19-induced vascular damage in the heart is associated with elevated circulating endothelial microparticles (2017) PloS One, 12 (5); Le, V.B., Schneider, J.G., Boergeling, Y., Berri, F., Ducatez, M., Guerin, J.-L., Adrian, I., Antunes, L., Platelet activation and aggregation promote lung inflammation and influenza virus pathogenesis (2015) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 191 (7), pp. 804-819; Tatsumi, K., Schmedes, C.M., Houston, E.R., Butler, E., Mackman, N., Antoniak, S., Protease-activated receptor 4 protects mice from Coxsackievirus B3 and H1N1 influenza A virus infection (2019) Cell Immunol, 344, p. 103949; Antoniak, S., Mackman, N., Coagulation, protease-activated receptors, and viral myocarditis (2014) J Cardiovasc Transl Res, 7 (2), pp. 203-211; Kaga, A., Katata, Y., Suzuki, A., Otani, K., Watanabe, H., Kitaoka, S., Kumaki, S., Perinatal Coxsackievirus B3 Infection with Transient Thrombocytopenia (2016) Tohoku J Exp Med, 239 (2), pp. 135-138; Bryant, P.A., Tingay, D., Dargaville, P.A., Starr, M., Curtis, N., Neonatal coxsackie B virus infection?a treatable disease? (2004) Eur J Pediatr, 163 (4-5), pp. 223-228; Egnatz, G., Baharathi, V., Tatsumi, K., Mackman, N., Antoniak, S., P-selectin (CD62P) deficiency is associated with increased coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis but not influenza a virus infection in mice [abstract] (2020) Res Pract Thromb Haemost; Kadosh, B.S., Garshick, M.S., Gaztanaga, J., Moore, K.J., Newman, J.D., Pillinger, M., Ramasamy, R., Hochman, J., COVID-19 and the heart and vasculature: novel approaches to reduce virus-induced inflammation in patients with cardiovascular disease (2020) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 40, pp. 2045-2053; Lindner, D., Fitzek, A., Brauninger, H., Aleshcheva, G., Edler, C., Meer, K., Scherschel, K., Schultheiss, H.-P., Association of cardiac infection with SARS-CoV-2 in confirmed COVID-19 autopsy cases (2020) JAMA Cardiology, 5 (11), p. 1281; Escher, F., Pietsch, H., Aleshcheva, G., Bock, T., Baumeier, C., Elsaesser, A., Wenzel, P., Schultheiss, M., Detection of viral SARS-CoV-2 genomes and histopathological changes in endomyocardial biopsies (2020) ESC Heart Failure, 7 (5), pp. 2440-2447; Wenzel, P., Kopp, S., Gobel, S., Jansen, T., Geyer, M., Hahn, F., Kreitner, K.-F., Munzel, T., Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA in endomyocardial biopsies of patients with clinically suspected myocarditis tested negative for COVID-19 in nasopharyngeal swab (2020) Cardiovasc Res, 116 (10), pp. 1661-1663; Kwong, J.C., Schwartz, K.L., Campitelli, M.A., Chung, H., Crowcroft, N.S., Karnauchow, T., Katz, K., McNally, D., Acute myocardial infarction after laboratory-confirmed influenza infection (2018) N Engl J Med, 378 (4), pp. 345-353; Obi, A.T., Tignanelli, C.J., Jacobs, B.N., Arya, S., Park, P.K., Wakefield, T.W., Henke, P.K., Napolitano, L.M., Empirical systemic anticoagulation is associated with decreased venous thromboembolism in critically ill influenza A H1N1 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients (2019) J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord, 7 (3), pp. 317-324; Mackman, N., Antoniak, S., Wolberg, A.S., Kasthuri, R., Key, N.S., Coagulation Abnormalities and thrombosis in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and other pandemic viruses (2020) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 40, pp. 2033-2044. , ATVBAHA120314514; Bilaloglu, S., Aphinyanaphongs, Y., Jones, S., Iturrate, E., Hochman, J., Berger, J.S., Thrombosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a New York City health system (2020) JAMA: J Am Med Assoc, 324 (8), pp. 799-801; Manne, B.K., Denorme, F., Middleton, E.A., Portier, I., Rowley, J.W., Stubben, C., Petrey, A.C., Cody, M., Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Blood, 136 (11), pp. 1317-1329; Zaid, Y., Puhm, F., Allaeys, I., Naya, A., Oudghiri, M., Khalki, L., Limami, Y., Ben El Haj, R., Platelets can associate with SARS-Cov-2 RNA and are hyperactivated in COVID-19 (2020) Circ Res, 127 (11), pp. 1404-1418; Hottz, E.D., Azevedo-Quintanilha, I.G., Palhinha, L., Teixeira, L., Barreto, E.A., Pao, C.R.R., Righy, C., Kurtz, P., Platelet activation and platelet-monocyte aggregate formation trigger tissue factor expression in patients with severe COVID-19 (2020) Blood, 136 (11), pp. 1330-1341; Sugiyama, M.G., Gamage, A., Zyla, R., Armstrong, S.M., Advani, S., Advani, A., Wang, C., Sandri-Goldin, R.M., Influenza virus infection induces platelet-endothelial adhesion which contributes to lung injury (2016) J Virol, 90, pp. 1812-1823; Koupenova, M., Potential role of platelets in COVID-19: implications for thrombosis (2020) Res Pract Thromb Haemost, 4 (5), pp. 737-740; Hottz, E.D., Bozza, F.A., Bozza, P.T., Platelets in immune response to virus and immunopathology of viral infections (2018) Front Med (Lausanne), 5, p. 121; Tinoco, R., Carrette, F., Henriquez, M.L., Fujita, Y., Bradley, L.M., Fucosyltransferase induction during influenza virus infection is required for the generation of functional memory CD4 + T cells (2018) The Journal of Immunology, 200, pp. 2690-2702; Lopez-Delgado, J.C., Rovira, A., Esteve, F., Rico, N., Manez Mendiluce, R., Ballus Noguera, J., Berrade, J., Thrombocytopenia as a mortality risk factor in acute respiratory failure in H1N1 influenza (2013) Swiss Med Wkly, 143, p. w13788; Fox, S.E., Akmatbekov, A., Harbert, J.L., Li, G., Quincy, B.J., Vander, H.R.S., Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in African American patients with COVID-19: an autopsy series from New Orleans (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8 (7), pp. 681-686; Rapkiewicz, A.V., Mai, X., Carsons, S.E., Pittaluga, S., Kleiner, D.E., Berger, J.S., Thomas, S., Gasmi, B., Megakaryocytes and platelet-fibrin thrombi characterize multi-organ thrombosis at autopsy in COVID-19: a case series (2020) EClinicalMedicine, 24, p. 100434; Keilman, L.J., Seasonal Influenza (Flu) (2019) Nurs Clin North Am, 54 (2), pp. 227-243; Paules, C.I., Marston, H.D., Fauci, A.S., Coronavirus Infections—more than just the common cold (2020) JAMA: J Am Med Assoc, 323 (8), p. 707; Pariser, D.N., Hilt, Z.T., Ture, S.K., Blick-Nitko, S.K., Looney, M.R., Cleary, S.J., Roman-Pagan, E., Veazey, J., Lung megakaryocytes are immune modulatory cells (2021) J Clin Invest, 131 (1); Morrell, C.N., Pariser, D.N., Hilt, Z.T., Vega, O.D., The platelet napoleon Complex—small cells, but big immune regulatory functions (2019) Annu Rev Immunol, 37 (1), pp. 125-144; Shi, H., Zuo, Y., Yalavarthi, S., Gockman, K., Zuo, M., Madison, J.A., Blair, C., Lugogo, N.L., Neutrophil calprotectin identifies severe pulmonary disease in COVID-19 (2020) J Leukoc Biol; Ng, H., Havervall, S., Rosell, A., Aguilera, K., Parv, K., von Meijenfeldt, F.A., Lisman, T., Phillipson, M., Circulating markers of neutrophil extracellular traps are of prognostic value in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, , ATVBAHA120315267; Middleton, E.A., He, X.-Y., Denorme, F., Campbell, R.A., Ng, D., Salvatore, S.P., Mostyka, M., Loda, M., Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to immunothrombosis in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Blood, 136 (10), pp. 1169-1179; Radermecker, C., Detrembleur, N., Guiot, J., Cavalier, E., Henket, M., d’Emal, C., Vanwinge, C., Delvenne, P., Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19 (2020) J Exp Med, 217 (12); Veras, F.P., Pontelli, M.C., Silva, C.M., Toller-Kawahisa, J.E., de Lima, M., Nascimento, D.C., Schneider, A.H., Paiva, I.M., SARS-CoV-2–triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology (2020) J Exp Med, 217 (12); Nicolai, L., Leunig, A., Brambs, S., Kaiser, R., Weinberger, T., Weigand, M., Muenchhoff, M., Schulz, H., Immunothrombotic dysregulation in COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with respiratory failure and coagulopathy (2020) Circulation, 142 (12), pp. 1176-1189; Skendros, P., Mitsios, A., Chrysanthopoulou, A., Mastellos, D.C., Metallidis, S., Rafailidis, P., Ntinopoulou, M., Tsigalou, C., Complement and tissue factor–enriched neutrophil extracellular traps are key drivers in COVID-19 immunothrombosis (2020) J Clin Invest, 130, pp. 6151-6157; Zuo, Y., Yalavarthi, S., Shi, H., Gockman, K., Zuo, M., Madison, J.A., Blair, C., Egeblad, M., Neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19 (2020) JCI Insight, 5; Leppkes, M., Knopf, J., Naschberger, E., Lindemann, A., Singh, J., Herrmann, I., Sturzl, M., Schauer, C., Vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19 (2020) EBioMedicine, 58, p. 102925; Zhang, Y., Qin, L., Zhao, Y., Zhang, P., Xu, B., Li, K., Liang, L., Feng, Y., Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 genetic variant rs12252-C associated with disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J Infect Dis, 222 (1), pp. 34-37; Everitt, A.R., Clare, S., Pertel, T., John, S.P., Wash, R.S., Smith, S.E., Chin, C.R., Adams, D.J., IFITM3 restricts the morbidity and mortality associated with influenza (2012) Nature, 484 (7395), pp. 519-523; Kenney, A.D., McMichael, T.M., Imas, A., Chesarino, N.M., Zhang, L., Dorn, L.E., Wu, Q., Chen, M., Rajaram MVS and Yount JS. IFITM3 protects the heart during influenza virus infection (2019) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 116 (37), pp. 18607-18612 PY - 2021 SN - 09537104 (ISSN) SP - 325-330 ST - Platelets and viruses T2 - Platelets TI - Platelets and viruses UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101224100&doi=10.1080%2f09537104.2021.1887842&partnerID=40&md5=ae41ec4535383bb5e101d0db0ddcbfe2 VL - 32 ID - 184 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The health workforce has been greatly affected by COVID-19. In this commentary, we describe the articles included in this health workforce research supplement and how the issues raised by the authors relate to the COVID-19 pandemic and rapidly changing health care environment. © The Author(s) 2020. AD - University at Albany, SUNY, Rensselaer, NY, United States Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States AU - Armstrong, D. AU - Moore, J. AU - Fraher, E. P. AU - Frogner, B. K. AU - Pittman, P. AU - Spetz, J. C2 - 33135557 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/1077558720969318 IS - 1_suppl J2 - Med. Care Res. Rev. KW - access to care COVID-19 pandemic health workforce research Article coronavirus disease 2019 health care health care personnel health care system health care utilization health service health workforce hospitalization pandemic public health telemedicine epidemiology health care delivery human scope of practice surge capacity COVID-19 Health Services Accessibility Humans LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: MCRRF Correspondence Address: Armstrong, D.; University at Albany, United States; email: dparmstrong@albany.edu Funding details: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, HHS Funding details: Health Resources and Services Administration, HRSA Funding details: Government of South Australia Funding text 1: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of an award totaling $447,164 with 0% financed with non-governmental sources. The contents are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by HRSA, HHS, or the US Government. For more information, please visit HRSA.gov. Funding text 2: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work is supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) of the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of an award totaling $447,164 with 0% financed with non-governmental sources. The contents are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by HRSA, HHS, or the US Government. For more information, please visit HRSA.gov. References: Dudley, N., Miller, J., Breslin, M.L., Chapman, S.A., Spetz, J., The impact of nurse delegation regulations on the provision of home care services: A four-state case study (2020) Medical Care Research and Review, , https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558720960902, Advance online publication; Fraher, E.P., Cummings, A., Neutze, D., The Evolving Role of Medical Assistants in Primary Care Practice: Divergent and Concordant Perspectives from MAs and Family Physicians (2020) Medical Care Research and Review, , https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558720966148, Advance online publication; Mroz, T., Dahal, A., Prusynski, R., Skillman, S., Frogner, B., Variation in employment of therapy assistants in skilled nursing facilities based on organizational factors (2020) Medical Care Research and Review, , https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558720952570, Advance online publication; Pittman, P., Jeongyoun, P., Bass, E., Luo, Q., Understanding why nurse practitioner (NP) and physician assistant (PA) productivity varies across community health centers (CHCs): A comparative qualitative analysis (2020) Medical Care Research and Review, , https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558720960893, Advance online publication; Surdu, S., Mertz, E., Langelier, M., Moore, J., Dental workforce trends: A national study of gender diversity and practice patterns (2020) Medical Care Research and Review, , https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558720952667, Advance online publication PY - 2021 SN - 10775587 (ISSN) SP - 4S-6S ST - COVID-19 and the Health Workforce T2 - Medical Care Research and Review TI - COVID-19 and the Health Workforce UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094956179&doi=10.1177%2f1077558720969318&partnerID=40&md5=98c5806193797d2cace6fffce55d76d4 VL - 78 ID - 132 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The goal of the Ending the HIV Epidemic Initiative is to reduce new infections in the United States by 90% by 2030. Success will require fundamentally changing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and care delivery to engage more persons with HIV and at risk of HIV in treatment. While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reduced in-person visits to care facilities and led to concern about interruptions in care, it also accelerated growth of alternative options, bolstered by additional funding support. These included the use of telehealth, medication delivery to the home, and increased flexibility facilitating access to Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program services. While the outcomes of these programs must be studied, many have improved accessibility during the pandemic. As the pandemic wanes, long-term policy changes are needed to preserve these options for those who benefit from them. These new care paradigms may provide a roadmap for progress for those with other chronic health issues as well. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. AD - Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Grady Healthcare System, Infectious Diseases Program, Atlanta, GA, United States Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, Maryland, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States Kaiser Permanente at Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel HillNC, United States Center for Key Populations, Community Health Center, Inc, Middletown, CT, United States Whitman Walker Health, DCWA, United States HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, VA, United States AU - Armstrong, W. S. AU - Agwu, A. L. AU - Barrette, E. P. AU - Ignacio, R. B. AU - Chang, J. J. AU - Colasanti, J. A. AU - Floris-Moore, M. AU - Haddad, M. AU - MacLaren, L. AU - Weddle, A. C2 - 33035296 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/cid/ciaa1532 IS - 1 J2 - Clin Infect Dis KW - antiretroviral therapy HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program telehealth communicable disease human Human immunodeficiency virus Human immunodeficiency virus infection pandemic policy United States Communicable Diseases COVID-19 HIV Infections Humans Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2021 SN - 15376591 (ISSN) SP - 9-14 ST - Innovations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Policies to Strengthen the Ending the Epidemic Initiative-A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association T2 - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America TI - Innovations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Policies to Strengthen the Ending the Epidemic Initiative-A Policy Paper of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the HIV Medicine Association UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099401440&doi=10.1093%2fcid%2fciaa1532&partnerID=40&md5=5c6bd86d2bcc67152cddc1934ec8679f VL - 72 ID - 140 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Widespread access to digital and social media has drastically altered the nature of youth’s interpersonal connections. In this context, the opportunities children and adolescents have to help people around them are rapidly evolving. In this article, we review emerging literature on how digital media influences youth’s prosocial development in new ways. Then we propose the next steps for advancing the field’s understanding of youth’s prosocial behavior in the digital age. We advocate for extending existing measures to capture experiences that are increasingly relevant for children and adolescents today, with a focus on current events, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and social and political activism. We also provide a research agenda to advance the understanding of prosocial development. © 2021 The Authors. Child Development Perspectives © 2021 The Society for Research in Child Development AD - Stanford University, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Armstrong-Carter, E. AU - Telzer, E. H. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/cdep.12396 IS - 1 J2 - Child Dev. Perspect. KW - digital media prosocial behavior social development LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Armstrong-Carter, E.; Stanford UniversityUnited States; email: emmaac@stanford.edu Funding details: NIH Clinical Center, R01DA039923 Funding details: Institute of Education Sciences, IES, R305B140009 References: Bandura, A., Cherry, L., Enlisting the power of youth for climate change (2020) American Psychologist, 75, pp. 945-951. , https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000512; Bronfenbrenner, U., Contexts of child rearing: Problems and prospects (1979) American Psychologist, 34, pp. 844-850. , https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.34.10.844; Bronfenbrenner, U., Morris, P.A., The bioecological model of human development (2006) Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development, 1, pp. 793-828. , R. M. Lerner, (Ed.),, 6, th ed, Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons; Caprara, G.V., Alessandri, G., Eisenberg, N., Prosociality: The contribution of traits, values, and self-efficacy beliefs (2012) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102, pp. 1289-1303. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025626; Carlo, G., White, R.M.B., Streit, C., Knight, G.P., Zeiders, K.H., Longitudinal relations among parenting styles, prosocial behaviors, and academic outcomes in U.S. Mexican adolescents (2018) Child Development, 89, pp. 577-592. , https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12761; Choi, J., Seo, S., Goodwill intended for whom? Examining factors influencing conspicuous prosocial behavior on social media (2017) International Journal of Hospitality Management, 60, pp. 23-32. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.09.014; Collie, R.J., Martin, A.J., Roberts, C.L., Nassar, N., The roles of anxious and prosocial behavior in early academic performance: A population-based study examining unique and moderated effects (2018) Learning and Individual Differences, 62, pp. 141-152. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2018.02.004; Cottle, M., (2018) The Atlantic: How Parkland students changed the gun debate, , Retrieved July 21, 2020, from The Atlantic. https//www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/02/parkland-students-power/554399/; Coyne, S.M., Padilla-Walker, L.M., Holmgren, H.G., Davis, E.J., Collier, K.M., Memmott-Elison, M.K., Hawkins, A.J., A meta-analysis of prosocial media on prosocial behavior, aggression, and empathic concern: A multidimensional approach (2018) Developmental Psychology, 54, pp. 331-347. , https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000412; Durlak, J.A., Weissberg, R.P., Dymnicki, A.B., Taylor, R.D., Schellinger, K.B., The impact of enhancing students’ social and emotional learning: A meta-analysis of school-based universal interventions (2011) Child Development, 82, pp. 405-432. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01564.x; Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T.L., Knafo-Noam, A., Prosocial development (2015) Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Socioemotional processes, 3, pp. 610-656. , M. E. Lamb, (Ed.),, 7, th Ed., Hoboken, NJ, Wiley; Eisenberg, N., VanSchyndel, S.K., Spinrad, T.L., Prosocial motivation: Inferences from an opaque body of work (2016) Child Development, 87, pp. 1668-1678. , https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12638; El Mallah, S., Conceptualization and measurement of adolescent prosocial behavior: Looking back and moving forward (2019) Journal of Research on Adolescence, 30, pp. 15-38. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12476; Erreygers, S., Vandebosch, H., Vranjes, I., Baillien, E., De Witte, H., Development of a measure of adolescents’ online prosocial behavior (2018) Journal of Children and Media, 12, pp. 448-464. , https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2018.1431558; Erreygers, S., Vandebosch, H., Vranjes, I., Baillien, E., De Witte, H., Feel good, do good online? Spillover and crossover effects of happiness on adolescents’ online prosocial behavior (2019) Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, pp. 1241-1258. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0003-2; Evelyn, K., (2020) Trump “played” by K-pop fans and TikTok users who disrupted Tulsa rally, , The Guardian. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https//www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/21/trump-tulsa-rally-scheme-k-pop-fans-tiktok-users; Fuligni, A.J., The need to contribute during adolescence (2018) Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14, pp. 331-343. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691618805437; Fuligni, A.J., Is there inequality in what adolescents can give as well as receive? (2020) Current Directions in Psychological Science., 29, pp. 405-411. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721420917738; Fullam, J., Becoming a youth activist in the internet age: A case study on social media activism and identity development (2017) International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 30, pp. 406-422. , https://doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2016.1250176; Greitemeyer, T., Effects of songs with prosocial lyrics on prosocial thoughts, affect, and behavior (2009) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, pp. 186-190. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2008.08.003; Iati, M., (2020) An 8-year-old organized his own Black Lives Matter protest, , Hundreds marched alongside him. Washington Post. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https//www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/07/02/childrens-black-lives-matter-protest/; (2020) Charity influencers to follow on Instagram 2020, , Retrieved July 20, 2020, from IZEA website https//izea.com/2020/05/22/charity-influencers-2020/; Kim, J., Lee, J., Park, E., Han, J., A deep learning model for detecting mental illness from user content on social media (2020) Scientific Reports, 10, pp. 1-6. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68764-y; Kirschner, S., Tomasello, M., Joint music making promotes prosocial behavior in 4-year-old children (2010) Evolution and Human Behavior, 31, pp. 354-364. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2010.04.004; Kowalski, R.M., Limber, S.P., Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying (2013) Journal of Adolescent Health, 53, pp. S13-S20. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018; Masten, A., Barnes, A., Resilience in children: Developmental perspectives (2018) Children, 5, p. 98. , https://doi.org/10.3390/children5070098; Middaugh, E., Clark, L.S., Ballard, P.J., Digital media, participatory politics, and positive youth development (2017) Pediatrics, 140, pp. S127-S131. , https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-1758Q; Moreno, M.A., Uhls, Y.T., Applying an affordances approach and a developmental lens to approach adolescent social media use (2019) Digital Health, 5, pp. 1-6. , https://doi.org/10.1177/2055207619826678; Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., Prinstein, M.J., Transformation of adolescent peer relations in the social media context: Part 1—A theoretical framework and application to dyadic peer relationships (2018) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21, pp. 267-294. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-018-0261-x; Padilla-Walker, L.M., Carlo, G., (2014) Prosocial development: A multidimensional approach, , Oxford, England, Oxford University Press; Padilla-Walker, L.M., Coyne, S.M., Collier, K.M., Longitudinal relations between parental media monitoring and adolescent aggression, prosocial behavior, and externalizing problems (2016) Journal of Adolescence, 46, pp. 86-97. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.11.002; Pavarini, G., Lyreskog, D., Manku, K., Musesengwa, R., Singh, I., Debate: Promoting capabilities for young people’s agency in the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 25, pp. 187-188. , https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12409; (2018) Teens, social media & technology 2018, , Washington, DC Author. Retrieved September 11, 2020, from https//www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/; Reis, P., Environmental citizenship and youth activism (2020) Conceptualizing environmental citizenship for 21st century education, pp. 139-148. , A. Hadjichambis, D. Reis, J. Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, J. Boeve-de Činčera, N. Gericke Pauw, M.-C. Knippels, (Eds.),, Cham, Switzerland, Springer International Publishing, 10.1007/978-3-030-20249-1_9; Salamon, E., (2020) March for our lives awakens the spirit of student and media activism of the 1960s, , The Conversation website. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from http//theconversation.com/march-for-our-lives-awakens-the-spirit-of-student-and-media-activism-of-the-1960s-93713; Sundar, S.S., Limperos, A.M., Uses and grats 2.0: New gratifications for new media (2013) Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 57, pp. 504-525. , https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2013.845827; Turiel, E., (1983) The development of social knowledge: Morality and convention, , Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press; van de Groep, S., Zanolie, K., Green, K., Sweijen, S., Crone, E., (2020) A daily diary study on adolescents’ mood, concern for others, and giving behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic, , https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xny2g, PsyArXiv Advance online publication; Watts, J., (2020) Earth day: Greta Thunberg calls for “new path” after pandemic, , The Guardian. Retrieved July 21, 2020, from https//www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/apr/22/earth-day-greta-thunberg-calls-for-new-path-after-pandemic; Wentzel, K.R., Prosocial behavior and peer relations in adolescence (2014) Prosocial development, pp. 178-200. , L. M. Padilla-Walker, &, G. Carlo, (Eds.),, Oxford, England, Oxford University Press, 10.1093/acprofoso/9780199964772.003.0009 PY - 2021 SN - 17508592 (ISSN) SP - 31-36 ST - Advancing Measurement and Research on Youths’ Prosocial Behavior in the Digital Age T2 - Child Development Perspectives TI - Advancing Measurement and Research on Youths’ Prosocial Behavior in the Digital Age UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099113333&doi=10.1111%2fcdep.12396&partnerID=40&md5=a20fd2a6259d0b710f6a900b90404054 VL - 15 ID - 90 ER - TY - JOUR AD - New Social Research and Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, Finland Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Stockholm County, Sweden School of Population and Global Health, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada Public Health Program, Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA, United States Dahdaleh Institute of Global Health Research, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada Caprisa, Durban, South Africa Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States Faculty of Law, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Edmund A Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States O'Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Trinity Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia School of Population and Global Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada AU - Atkins, S. AU - Banerjee, A. T. AU - Bachynski, K. AU - Daftary, A. AU - Desai, G. AU - Gross, A. AU - Hedt-Gauthier, B. AU - Mendenhall, E. AU - Meier, B. M. AU - Nixon, S. A. AU - Nolan, A. AU - Palermo, T. M. AU - Phelan, A. AU - Pyzik, O. AU - Roach, P. AU - Sangaramoorthy, T. AU - Standley, C. J. AU - Yamey, G. AU - Abimbola, S. AU - Pai, M. C7 - e005649 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005649 IS - 4 J2 - BMJ Glob. Health KW - COVID-19 health education and promotion public health LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Pai, M.; School of Population and Global Health, Canada; email: madhukar.pai@mcgill.ca References: Pai, M., (2021) We Can Use the Pandemic to Reimagine Global Health Teaching, , https://www.forbes.com/sites/madhukarpai/2021/02/15/we-can-use-the-pandemic-to-reimagineglobal-health-teaching/?sh=70c78a771710, Forbes. Available [Accessed 4 Mar 2021]; Svadzian, A., Vasquez, N.A., Abimbola, S., Global health degrees: At what cost? (2020) Bmj Glob Health, 5, p. e003310; Gostin, L.O., Meier, B.M., (2020) Foundations of Global Health & Human Rights., , https://global.oup.com/academic/product/foundations-of-global-health-and-humanrights-9780197528303?lang=en&cc=us#, Oxford University Press; Daftary, A., Viens, A.M., Solidarity in global health Research-Are the stakes equal? (2020) Am J Bioeth, 20, pp. 59-62; Abimbola, S., The foreign gaze: Authorship in academic global health (2019) Bmj Glob Health, 4, p. e002068; Abimbola, S., Pai, M., Will global health survive its decolonisation? (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 1627-1628; Phelan, A.L., Eccleston-Turner, M., Rourke, M., Legal agreements: Barriers and enablers to global equitable COVID-19 vaccine access (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 800-802; Dalglish, S.L., COVID-19 gives the lie to global health expertise (2020) Lancet, 395, p. 1189; Saha, S., Pai, M., Can COVID-19 innovations and systems help lowand middle-income countries to re-imagine healthcare delivery? (2021) Med, , [Epub ahead of print: 03 Mar 2021]; Han, E., Tan, M.M.J., Turk, E., Lessons learnt from easing COVID-19 restrictions: An analysis of countries and regions in Asia Pacific and Europe (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 1525-1534; Pai, M., (2021) Global Health Needs to Be Global & Diverse, 2020., , https://www.forbes.com/sites/madhukarpai/2020/03/08/global-health-needs-to-be-global-diverse/#502c7d976590, Forbes. Available [Accessed 22 March; Kumar, A., White Supremacy in Global Health, 2020, , https://www.thinkglobalhealth.org/article/white-supremacy-global-health; Pai, M., (2019) Global Health Research Needs More Than a Makeover., , https://www.forbes.com/sites/madhukarpai/2019/11/10/global-health-research-needs-more-than-a-makeover/#3c21ddcf7e34, USA: Forbes; Djulus, G., Sheikhan, N.Y., Nawaz, E., Advancing Allyship through Antioppression workshops for public health students: A mixed methods pilot evaluation (2020) Pedagogy Health Promot, , 237337992096241; Nixon, S.A., The coin model of privilege and critical allyship: Implications for health (2019) Bmc Public Health, 19, p. 1637; Bambra, C., Riordan, R., Ford, J., The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities (2020) J Epidemiol Community Health, 74, pp. 964-968; Büyüm, A.M., Kenney, C., Koris, A., Decolonising global health: If not now, when? (2020) Bmj Glob Health, 5; Hirsch, L.A., Is it possible to decolonise global health institutions? (2021) Lancet, 397, pp. 189-190; Khan, T., (2021) Decolonisation Is a Comfortable Buzzword for the Aid Sector, 2021., , https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/decolonisationcomfortable-buzzword-aid-sector/, Available [Accessed 22 March; Louskieter, L., Munshi, S., (2020) Global Health Is Still the "master's House": How Brave Are We to Decolonise and Dismantle It?, , https://www.internationalhealthpolicies.org/featured-article/globalhealth-is-still-the-masters-house-how-brave-are-we-to-decoloniseand-dismantle-it/, Available [Accessed 22 March 2021]; Tuck, E., Yang, K.W., Decolonization is not a metaphor (2012) Decolon Ind Edu Soc, 1, pp. 1-40; Primiano, S.J.K.A., Sangaramoorthy, T., Plagues, pathogens, and Pedagogical decolonization: Reflecting on the design of a Decolonized pandemic Syllabus (2020) Teach Learn Anthropol J, 3, pp. 47-60; Richardson, L., Crawford, A., COVID-19 and the decolonization of Indigenous public health (2020) Cmaj, 192, pp. E1098-E1100; Bond, C.J., Singh, D., More than a refresh required for closing the gap of Indigenous health inequality (2020) Med J Aust, 212, pp. 198-199; Erondu, N.A., Peprah, D., Khan, M.S., Can schools of global public health dismantle colonial legacies? (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 1504-1505; Pai, M., (2021) If You Had to Read One Book on Global Health. Nature Microbiology Community, 2018., , https://naturemicrobiologycommunity.nature.com/posts/41300-if-you-had-to-read-onebook-on-global-health, Available [Accessed 4 Mar; Pai, M., (2021) Inspiring Global Health Films. Nature Microbiology Community, 2020., , https://naturemicrobiologycommunity.nature.com/posts/inspiring-global-health-films, Available [Accessed 4 Mar; Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Effects of COVID-19 on college students' mental health in the United States: Interview survey study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22, p. e21279; Gabster, B.P., Van Daalen, K., Dhatt, R., Challenges for the female academic during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1968-1970; Hawks, S.R., Judd, H.A., Excellence in the design and delivery of an online global health survey course: A roadmap for educators (2020) Pedagogy Health Promot, 6, pp. 70-76 PY - 2021 SN - 20597908 (ISSN) ST - Using the COVID-19 pandemic to reimagine global health teaching in high-income countries T2 - BMJ Global Health TI - Using the COVID-19 pandemic to reimagine global health teaching in high-income countries UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103752522&doi=10.1136%2fbmjgh-2021-005649&partnerID=40&md5=b26ce533df8bd03a8cd70cfa0493fff0 VL - 6 ID - 32 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), coupled with a lack of therapeutics, has paralyzed the globe. Although significant effort has been invested in identifying antibodies that block infection, the ability of antibodies to target infected cells through Fc interactions may be vital to eliminate the virus. To explore the role of Fc activity in SARS-CoV-2 immunity, the functional potential of a cross–SARS-reactive antibody, CR3022, was assessed. CR3022 was able to broadly drive antibody effector functions, providing critical immune clearance at entry and upon egress. Using selectively engineered Fc variants, no protection was observed after administration of WT IgG1 in mice or hamsters. Conversely, the functionally enhanced Fc variant resulted in increased pathology in both the mouse and hamster models, causing weight loss in mice and enhanced viral replication and weight loss in the more susceptible hamster model, highlighting the pathological functions of Fc-enhancing mutations. These data point to the critical need for strategic Fc engineering for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. © 2021, Atyeo et al. AD - Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT,, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States Galveston National Laboratory, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States Xencor, Monrovia, CA, United States Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Division of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States SeromYx Systems, Cambridge, MA, United States Departments of Epidemiology and Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Genetics, School of Medicine Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Atyeo, C. AU - Slein, M. D. AU - Fischinger, S. AU - Burke, J. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Kuzmina, N. A. AU - Mire, C. AU - Honko, A. AU - Johnson, R. AU - Storm, N. AU - Bernett, M. AU - Tong, P. AU - Zuo, T. AU - Lin, J. AU - Zuiani, A. AU - Linde, C. AU - Suscovich, T. AU - Wesemann, D. R. AU - Griffiths, A. AU - Desjarlais, J. R. AU - Juelg, B. D. AU - Goudsmit, J. AU - Bukreyev, A. AU - Baric, R. AU - Alter, G. C2 - 33427208 C7 - e143129 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1172/jci.insight.143129 10.2139/ssrn.3524675, [preprint]. Posted on SSRN January 24, 2020; Sanche, S, High contagiousness and rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26 (7), pp. 1470-1477; Liu, L, Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection (2019) JCI Insight, 4 (4), p. e123158; Tian, X, Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9 (1), pp. 382-385; Yuan, M, A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, , https://doi:10.1101/2020.03.15.992883, [preprint]. Posted on bioRxiv March 17, 2020; ter Meulen, J, Human monoclonal antibody combination against SARS coronavirus: synergy and coverage of escape mutants (2006) PLoS Med, 3 (7), p. e237; Hamming, I, Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis (2004) J Pathol, 203 (2), pp. 631-637; Gunn, BM, A role for Fc function in therapeutic monoclonal antibody-mediated protection against Ebola virus (2018) Cell Host Microbe, 24 (2), pp. 221-233. , e5; Saphire, EO, Systematic analysis of monoclonal antibodies against Ebola virus GP defines features that contribute to protection (2018) Cell, 174 (4), pp. 938-952. , e13; Ziegler, CGK, SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across tissues (2020) Cell, 181 (5), pp. 1016-1035. , e19; Wu, Y, A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2 (2020) Science, 368 (6496), pp. 1274-1278; Yu, J, Bibliometric analysis of Ebola research indexed in web of science and scopus (2010-2020) (2020) Biomed Res Int, 2020, p. 5476567; Takada, A, Kawaoka, Y., Antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection: molecular mechanisms and in vivo implications (2003) Rev Med Virol, 13 (6), pp. 387-398; Taylor, A, Fc receptors in antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infections (2015) Immunol Rev, 268 (1), pp. 340-364; Overdijk, MB, Crosstalk between human IgG isotypes and murine effector cells (2012) J Immunol, 189 (7), pp. 3430-3438; Moore, GL, Engineered Fc variant antibodies with enhanced ability to recruit complement and mediate effector functions (2010) MAbs, 2 (2), pp. 181-189; Lazar, GA, Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103 (11), pp. 4005-4010; Leabman, MK, Effects of altered FcγR binding on antibody pharmacokinetics in cynomolgus monkeys (2013) MAbs, 5 (6), pp. 896-903; Nimmerjahn, F, FcgammaRIV: a novel FcR with distinct IgG subclass specificity (2005) Immunity, 23 (1), pp. 41-51; Dinnon, KH, A mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 model for the evaluation of COVID-19 medical countermeasures, , https://doi:10.1101/2020.05.06.081497, [preprint]. Published on bioRxiv May 7, 2020; Sia, SF, Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters (2020) Nature, 583 (7818), pp. 834-838; Imai, M, Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and countermeasure development (2020) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 117 (28), pp. 16587-16595; Wang, SF, Antibody-dependent SARS coronavirus infection is mediated by antibodies against spike proteins (2014) Biochem Bio-phys Res Commun, 451 (2), pp. 208-214; Yang, ZY, Evasion of antibody neutralization in emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102 (3), pp. 797-801; Yip, MS, Antibody-dependent infection of human macrophages by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2014) Virol J, 11, p. 82; Jaume, M, Anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike antibodies trigger infection of human immune cells via a pH- and cysteine protease-independent FcγR pathway (2011) J Virol, 85 (20), pp. 10582-10597; Katzelnick, LC, Antibody-dependent enhancement of severe dengue disease in humans (2017) Science, 358 (6365), pp. 929-932; Ayala-Nunez, NV, How antibodies alter the cell entry pathway of dengue virus particles in macrophages (2016) Sci Rep, 6, p. 28768; Puelles, VG, Multiorgan and renal tropism of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (6), pp. 590-592; Sungnak, W, SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes (2020) Nat Med, 26 (5), pp. 681-687; Latvala, S, Distribution of FcRn across species and tissues (2017) J Histochem Cytochem, 65 (6), pp. 321-333; Kuo, TT, Neonatal Fc receptor: from immunity to therapeutics (2010) J Clin Immunol, 30 (6), pp. 777-789; Mahan, AE, Antigen-specific antibody glycosylation is regulated via vaccination (2016) PLoS Pathog, 12 (3), p. e1005456; Chung, AW, Dissecting polyclonal vaccine-induced humoral immunity against HIV using systems serology (2015) Cell, 163 (4), pp. 988-998; Mercado, NB, Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Nature, 586 (7830), pp. 583-588; Lilly, Eli, Lilly’s Neutralizing Antibody Bamlanivimab (LY-CoV555) Receives FDA Emergency Use Authorization for the Treatment of Recently Diagnosed COVID-19, , https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-neutralizing-antibodybamlanivimab-ly-cov555-receives-fda, Updated November 9, 2020. Accessed November 12, 2020; Barnhart, BC, Quigley, M., Role of Fc-FcγR interactions in the antitumor activity of therapeutic antibodies (2017) Immunol Cell Biol, 95 (4), pp. 340-346; Harcourt, J, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from patient with coronavirus disease, United States (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26 (6), pp. 1266-1273; Ackerman, ME, A robust, high-throughput assay to determine the phagocytic activity of clinical antibody samples (2011) J Immunol Methods, 366 (1-2), pp. 8-19; Karsten, CB, A versatile high-throughput assay to characterize antibody-mediated neutrophil phagocytosis (2019) J Immunol Methods, 471, pp. 46-56; Fischinger, S, A high-throughput, bead-based, antigen-specific assay to assess the ability of antibodies to induce complement activation (2019) J Immunol Methods, 473, p. 112630; Brown, EP, Multiplexed Fc array for evaluation of antigen-specific antibody effector profiles (2017) J Immunol Methods, 443, pp. 33-44; Brown, EP, High-throughput, multiplexed IgG subclassing of antigen-specific antibodies from clinical samples (2012) J Immunol Methods, 386 (1-2), pp. 117-123; Wolfel, R, Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581 (7809), pp. 465-469 IS - 1 J2 - JCI Insight KW - epitope Fc receptor immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody monoclonal antibody CR3022 unclassified drug coronavirus spike glycoprotein immunoglobulin Fc fragment immunoglobulin G neutralizing antibody spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 adult animal cell animal experiment animal model animal tissue antibody engineering Article body weight loss child controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cross reaction drug receptor binding enzyme activity female genetic variability hamster model human human cell immunopathology in vivo study infection prevention innate immunity male mouse mouse model mutation nonhuman preschool child protein function Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Syrian hamster viral clearance virus entry virus immunity virus neutralization virus replication wild type animal drug effect drug therapy genetics hamster immunology Mesocricetus Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathophysiology protein engineering SARS coronavirus severity of illness index THP-1 cell line virus load Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Neutralizing COVID-19 Cricetinae Cross Reactions Epitopes Humans Immunity, Innate Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments Mice Receptors, Fc SARS Virus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus THP-1 Cells Viral Load Weight Loss LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Alter, G.400 Technology Square, United States; email: galter@mgh.harvard.edu Chemicals/CAS: immunoglobulin G, 97794-27-9; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Epitopes; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; Immunoglobulin G; Receptors, Fc; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 3R37AI080289-11S1, NR-596, VERO C1008 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, 1U01CA260476-01, AI121394, AI139538, U19 AI135995 Funding text 1: We thank Nancy Zimmerman, Bruce Walker, Mark and Lisa Schwartz, and Terry and Susan Ragon for their support. We would also like to thank Bing Chen, Kizzmekia Corbett, Aaron Schmidt, Jared Feldman, Blake Hauser, and Tim Caradonna for protein production efforts and Sierra Downs for technical support. The following reagent was obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH: VERO C1008 (E6), Kidney (African green monkey), Working Cell Bank, NR-596. The SARS-CoV-2 starting material was provided by the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, with Natalie Thornburg (nax3@cdc.gov) as the CDC principal investigator. Avicel RC-591 was provided by DuPont Nutrition & Health. We would like to thank Deborah Gakpo, Jillian Bensko, Sudeshna Fisch, Meghan Travers, Shaghayaegh Habibi, Yuezhou Chen, Adam Zuiani, and Felipe N. Lelis for organizing and collecting human samples used for the cloning of monoclonal antibodies. We would also like to thank Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, the Samana Cay MGH Scholar program, and an anonymous donor for financial support. This work was supported by the NIH (3R37AI080289-11S1) and the NIAID, NIH (1U01CA260476-01, U19 AI135995, NIH AI121394, AI139538). Funding text 2: We thank Nancy Zimmerman, Bruce Walker, Mark and Lisa Schwartz, and Terry and Susan Ragon for their support. We would also like to thank Bing Chen, Kizzmekia Corbett, Aaron Schmidt, Jared Feld-man, Blake Hauser, and Tim Caradonna for protein production efforts and Sierra Downs for technical support. The following reagent was obtained through BEI Resources, NIAID, NIH: VERO C1008 (E6), Kidney (African green monkey), Working Cell Bank, NR-596. The SARS-CoV-2 starting material was provided by the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, with Natalie Thornburg (nax3@cdc.gov) as the CDC principal investigator. Avicel RC-591 was provided by DuPont Nutrition & Health. We would like to thank Deborah Gakpo, Jillian Bensko, Sudeshna Fisch, Meghan Travers, Shaghayaegh Habibi, Yuezhou Chen, Adam Zuiani, and Felipe N. Lelis for organizing and collecting human samples used for the cloning of monoclonal antibodies. We would also like to thank Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, the Samana Cay MGH Scholar program, and an anonymous donor for financial support. This work was supported by the NIH (3R37AI080289-11S1) and the NIAID, NIH (1U01CA260476-01, U19 AI135995, NIH AI121394, AI139538). PY - 2021 SN - 23793708 (ISSN) ST - Dissecting strategies to tune the therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2–specific monoclonal antibody CR3022 T2 - JCI Insight TI - Dissecting strategies to tune the therapeutic potential of SARS-CoV-2–specific monoclonal antibody CR3022 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099293162&doi=10.1172%2fjci.insight.143129&partnerID=40&md5=271e7e9a1f13bee0fd952bf2b50af7ee VL - 6 ID - 142 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Ávila, A. C2 - 33326281 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2105/AJPH.2020.306001 IS - 1 J2 - Am. J. Public Health KW - agricultural worker ethnology family grief human isolation and purification migration mortality psychology student vulnerable population COVID-19 Farmers Humans SARS-CoV-2 Students Transients and Migrants Vulnerable Populations LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJPEA Correspondence Address: Ávila, A.; Department of Anthropology, 313B Alumni Bldg, CB#3115, United States; email: ariana4@live.unc.edu References: Green, E., The coronavirus hits poultry processing plants in the South National Public Radio, , https://www.npr.org/2020/05/22/861202489/the-coronavirus-hits-poultryprocessing-plants-in-the-south, May 22, 2020. Accessed July 30, 2020; Florida’s COVID-19 Data and Surveillance Dashboard, , https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/96dd742462124fa0b38ddedb9b25e429, Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Health Protection. Accessed October 16, 2020; (2020) Guidance on the Essential Critical Infrastructure Workforce, , https://www.cisa.gov/publication/guidance-essential-critical-infrastructure-workforce, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, US Department of Homeland Security. Accessed July 29, 2020; Critical Workers: Interim Guidance, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/critical-workers/implementing-safety-practices.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed July 30, 2020; Mein, SA., COVID-19 and health disparities: the reality of “the Great Equalizer (2020) J Gen Intern Med, 35 (8), pp. 2439-2440. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05880-5; Crenshaw, K., Mapping the margins: intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color (1991) Stanford Law Rev, 43 (6), pp. 1241-1299. , https://doi.org/10.2307/1229039; Viruell-Fuentes, EA, Miranda, PY, Abdulrahim, S., More than culture: structural racism, intersectionality theory, and immigrant health (2012) Soc Sci Med, 75 (12), pp. 2099-2106. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.037 PY - 2021 SN - 00900036 (ISSN) SP - 66-68 ST - Essential or expendable during the COVID-19 pandemic? a student-lived experience on grieving the unjust and early deaths of vulnerable populations T2 - American Journal of Public Health TI - Essential or expendable during the COVID-19 pandemic? a student-lived experience on grieving the unjust and early deaths of vulnerable populations UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098607044&doi=10.2105%2fAJPH.2020.306001&partnerID=40&md5=04b7f67fcaf9fd2c80ff0b17fce429e3 VL - 111 ID - 209 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Worldwide, health systems and care approaches vary widely due to local reality, distance to facilities, cultural norms, resources, staff availability, geography, and politics. Consequently, globally maternal–newborn dyad care and outcomes are highly variable, leading to approximately 800 maternal deaths daily with a 100-fold difference among high- and low-resource countries. Irrespective of where care is received, maternal safety and wellbeing should be preserved. Despite ongoing efforts, however, this is not the case. Large gaps exist between spending and clinical outcomes. Segmented health care, coupled with poor planning and inadequate resource distribution, results in failure to provide essential life-saving treatment. The proposed solution is a regional integrated care model from midwife to advanced level III/IV care and the newborn unit, achieved through effective coordination by site, staff, and clinicians. This model has been successfully implemented in high- to low-resource countries in the past 20 years. In the large diverse population of the United States, constructive steps have been implemented to reduce high maternal mortality in black and rural communities. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the feasibility of rapid resources coordination to provide effective advanced care. The proposed integration of resources will have a major positive impact on the maternal–newborn dyad. © 2020 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics AD - The Society for the Investigation of Early Pregnancy, New York, NY, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Vilnius, Lithuania The New European Surgical Academy, The Charite University Hospital, Berlin, Germany Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Mary Hospital, Waterbury, CT, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon AU - Barnea, E. R. AU - Nicholson, W. AU - Theron, G. AU - Ramasauskaite, D. AU - Stark, M. AU - Albini, S. M. AU - Nassar, A. H. AU - Visser, G. H. A. AU - Escobar, M. F. AU - Kim, Y. H. AU - Pacagnella, R. AU - Wright, A. AU - Motherhood, Figo Safe AU - Newborn Health, Committee C2 - 33341938 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/ijgo.13551 IS - 2 J2 - Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet. KW - COVID-19 road to change level of care maternal morbidity maternal–newborn dyad mortality segmentation vs integration clinical outcome coronavirus disease 2019 female health care delivery health care utilization health service human integrated health care system Lithuania maternal death maternal mortality maternal welfare newborn newborn care pandemic priority journal Review rural population South Africa United Kingdom United States African American child health health care planning maternal health service midwife organization and management pregnancy African Americans COVID-19 Delivery of Health Care Delivery of Health Care, Integrated Health Resources Humans Infant Health Infant, Newborn Maternal Health Services Midwifery LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: IJGOA Correspondence Address: Barnea, E.R.; The Society for the Investigation of Early PregnancyUnited States; email: eytan.barnea@gmail.com References: Mikulic, M., U.S health expenditure as percent GDP 1960–2019, , http://www.Statista.com, Accessed August 9, 2019; Mikulic, M., Public and private per capita health expenditure by country, 2016, , http://www.Statista.com, Accessed August 9, 2019; (2019) Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2017, pp. 1-122; Roser, M., Ritchie, H., (2013) Maternal Mortality, , https://ourworldindata.org/maternal-mortality, Published online at OurWorldInData.org., [Online Resource] free reuse and download; Lu, M.C., Reducing maternal mortality in the United States (2018) JAMA, 320 (12), pp. 1237-1238; Frequency and management of maternal infection in health facilities in 52 countries (GLOSS): a 1-week inception cohort study (2020) Lancet, 8, pp. e661-e671; Macones, G.A., Pettker, C.M., Mascola, M.A., Heine, P., ACOG Committee opinion: 667. Hospital-based triage of obstetric patients 2016 reaffirmed in 2020. Obstet & Gynecol, 128, p228; Backes Kozhimannil, R.K., Interrante, J.D., Henning-Smith, C., Admon, L.K., Rural-urban differences in severe maternal morbidity and mortality in the US, 2007–15 (2019) Health Aff, 38 (12), pp. 2077-2085; Life expectancy and disease burden in the Nordic countries: results from the Global Burden of Diseases, injuries and risk factors Study 2017 (2019) Lancet Public Health, 4 (12), pp. e658-e669; Health Statistics of Lithuania 1997-2018, , http://hi.lt/lt/lietuvos-sveikatos-statistika-health-statistics-of-lithuania.html; (2019) Medical Data of Births, 2018, , http://www.hi.lt/lt/gimimu-medicininiai-duomenys.html, Vilnius; (2016) Providing Quality Care for Women a Framework for Maternity Service Standards, pp. 1-72. , Maternity standards, The Royal College of Obstetrician and Gynecologists; Menard, K.K., Zahn, C.M., Callaghan, W.M., Obstetrics care consensus summary (2019) Obstet Gynecol, 134, pp. 428-434; Metro East Obstetric Service, Summary of Levels of Care and referral routes for Antenatal Services and Labour Wards Updated 1 November 2018; Saving Babies 2014–2016, triannual report on perinatal mortality in South Africa compiled by the National Perinatal Morbidity and Mortality Committee; Saving Mothers 2017: Annual Report on Confidential inquiries into maternal death in South Africa. Department of Health, Republic of South Africa; Driscoll, A.K., Ely, D.M., (2020) Effects of Changes in Maternal Age Distribution and Maternal Age-specific Infant Mortality Rates on Infant Mortality Trends: United States, 2000–2017. National Vital Statistics Reports Vol 65, Number 5, June 25, 2020, , Hyattsville, MD, National Center for Health Statistics; Petersen, E.E., Davis, N.L., Goodman, D., (2019) Vital Signs: Pregnancy-Related Deaths, United States, 2011–2015, and Strategies for Prevention, 13 States, 2013–2017, 68 (18), pp. 423-429. , https://www.cdc.gov/mmwrWeekly/, May 10; Di Venere, L., Targeting US maternal mortality: ACOG's recent strides and future action (2019) OBGYN Manag, 31, pp. 31-35; Lyons, M., (2020) The Joint commission standards address raising maternal mortality in the US, , August 29, 2019, The Joint commission; Kilpatrick, S., Menard, K., Zahn, C.M., Callaghan, W.M., Obstetric care consensus, #9 levels of maternity care. ACOG and SMFM special report (2019) Obstet Gynecol, 134, pp. e41-e55; D'Alton, M.E., Friedman, A.M., Bernstein, P.S., Putting the “M” back in maternal-fetal medicine: a 5-year report card on a collaborative effort to address maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States (2019) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 221 (4), pp. 311-317. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.055; Easter, S.R., Robinson, J.N., Menard, M.K., Potential effects of regionalized maternity care on U.S. hospitals (2019) Obstet Gynecol, 134, pp. 545-552; https://www.cmqcc.org/research/ca-pamr-maternal-mortality-review; Main, E.K., Cape, V., Abreo, A., Reduction of severe maternal morbidity from hemorrhage using a state perinatal quality collaborative (2017) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 216 (3), p. 298. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.01.017; https://safecareforeverywoman.org; Burgess, A., Clark, S., Dongarwar, D., Salih, H., Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 2003-2016: age, race, and place of death (2020) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 222 (5), p. 489. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.020 PY - 2021 SN - 00207292 (ISSN) SP - 155-164 ST - From fragmented levels of care to integrated health care: Framework toward improved maternal and newborn health T2 - International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics TI - From fragmented levels of care to integrated health care: Framework toward improved maternal and newborn health UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099333176&doi=10.1002%2fijgo.13551&partnerID=40&md5=13aca81b38d0fb8f7d1fecc0d7273a54 VL - 152 ID - 124 ER - TY - JOUR AB - How human respiratory physiology and the transport phenomena associated with inhaled airflow in the upper airway proceed to impact transmission of SARS-CoV-2, leading to the initial infection, stays an open question. An answer can help determine the susceptibility of an individual on exposure to a COVID-2019 carrier and can also provide a preliminary projection of the still-unknown infectious dose for the disease. Computational fluid mechanics enabled tracking of respiratory transport in medical imaging-based anatomic domains shows that the regional deposition of virus-laden inhaled droplets at the initial nasopharyngeal infection site peaks for the droplet size range of approximately 2.5–19 μ. Through integrating the numerical findings on inhaled transmission with sputum assessment data from hospitalized COVID-19 patients and earlier measurements of ejecta size distribution generated during regular speech, this study further reveals that the number of virions that may go on to establish the SARS-CoV-2 infection in a subject could merely be in the order of hundreds. © 2021, The Author(s). AD - Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States Department of Otolaryngology / Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Basu, S. C2 - 33758241 C7 - 6652 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41598-021-85765-7 IS - 1 J2 - Sci. Rep. KW - computer simulation human isolation and purification nasopharynx pathology physiology sputum virology virus load COVID-19 Humans SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Basu, S.; Department of Otolaryngology / Head and Neck Surgery, United States; email: Saikat.Basu@sdstate.edu Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF, 2028069 Funding details: Center for Selective C-H Functionalization, National Science Foundation Funding details: Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, National Science Foundation, CHM, NSF Funding details: Cornell University, CU Funding text 1: The material is based on work supported by the NSF RAPID Grant 2028069 for COVID-19 research. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed here are, however, those of the author and do not necessarily reflect NSF’s views. Supplemental assistance for the project came from S.B.’s faculty start-up package at South Dakota State University. Funding text 2: Computing facilities at both South Dakota State University and UNC Chapel Hill were used for the simulations. Illustrator 2020 (Adobe Inc., Mountain View, California; link to software homepage) was availed to polish and label the generated visuals and graphics. The author acknowledges Dr. Brent Senior, MD, FACS, FARS (Professor and Chief, Division of Rhinology, Allergy, and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology / Head and Neck Surgery, UNC Chapel Hill) for the clinical insights and Dr. Brato Chakrabarti (Research Fellow at the Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York) for reading/critiquing the original first draft of the manuscript. Dr. Sunny Jung (Associate Professor at the Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University) and Dr. Leonardo Chamorro (Associate Professor at the Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) were collaborators on the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant supporting the study. A preliminary report on the findings discussed here has been accepted through peer review—for presentation at the International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ICTAM) 2020+1 (to be held in August 2021; Milan, Italy), organized by the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (IUTAM). References: Coronavirus Resource Center, , Web link. Accessed 28 Feb 2021; Bourouiba, L., Turbulent gas clouds and respiratory pathogen emissions: Potential implications for reducing transmission of COVID-19 (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1837-1838. , PID: 32215590; Mittal, R., Ni, R., Seo, J.H., The flow physics of COVID-19 (2020) J. Fluid Mech., 894, p. 20. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXptVOgs7s%3D; Dyal, J.W., COVID-19 among workers in meat and poultry processing facilities—19 States, April 2020 (2020) Morbidity Mortality Wkly. Rep., 69, p. 20; Miller, S.L., Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event (2020) Indoor Air, 31, p. 20; Li, W., Characteristics of household transmission of COVID-19 (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., 20, p. 20. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXotlaksrc%3D; Xie, X., Li, Y., Sun, H., Liu, L., Exhaled droplets due to talking and coughing (2009) J. R. Soc. Interface, 6, pp. S703-S714. , PID: 19812073; Wells, W.F., On airborne infection: Study II, droplets and droplet nuclei (1934) Ame. J. Epidemiol., 20, pp. 611-618; Xie, X., Li, Y., Chwang, A.T.Y., Ho, P.L., Seto, W.H., How far droplets can move in indoor environments—revisiting the Wells evaporation-falling curve (2007) Indoor Air, 17, pp. 211-225. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2szjtFOrtw%3D%3D, PID: 17542834; Resnick, B., The Debate over “airborne” Coronavirus Spread, Explained, , Web link. Accessed 20 Feb 2021; Hou, Y.J., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 20, p. 20; Matheson, N.J., Lehner, P.J., How does SARS-CoV-2 cause COVID-19? (2020) Science, 369, pp. 510-511. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFWgsbvN, PID: 32732413; Dickson, R.P., Erb-Downward, J.R., Martinez, F.J., Huffnagle, G.B., The microbiome and the respiratory tract (2016) Annu. Rev. Physiol., 78, pp. 481-504. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXhslGlsr7J, PID: 26527186; Wölfel, R., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469. , PID: 32235945, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXpvVantb8%3D; Basu, S., Chakravarty, A., From SARS-CoV-2 infection to COVID-19 disease: A proposed mechanism for viral spread to the lower airway based on in silico estimation of virion flow rates (2020) medRxiv, 20, p. 20; Patel, M.R., Performance of oropharyngeal swab testing compared to nasopharyngeal swab testing for diagnosis of COVID-19 (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., 20, p. 20; Stadnytskyi, V., Bax, C.E., Bax, A., Anfinrud, P., The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 117, pp. 11875-11877. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlSltrzI, PID: 32404416; Basu, S., Kabi, P., Chaudhuri, S., Saha, A., Insights on drying and precipitation dynamics of respiratory droplets from the perspective of COVID-19 (2020) Phys. Fluids, 32, p. 20. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXjtF2itQ%3D%3D; Bar-On, Y.M., Flamholz, A., Phillips, R., Milo, R., Science forum: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by the numbers (2020) Elife, 9, p. 20; Garcia, G.J.M., Dosimetry of nasal uptake of water-soluble and reactive gases: A first study of interhuman variability (2009) Inhalation Toxicol., 21, pp. 607-618. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmt1ahtb8%3D; He, X., Reponen, T., McKay, R.T., Grinshpun, S.A., Effect of particle size on the performance of an N95 filtering facepiece respirator and a surgical mask at various breathing conditions (2013) Aerosol Sci. Technol., 47, pp. 1180-1187. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXht1WnsrjE, PID: 31548759; Frank-Ito, D.O., Wofford, M., Schroeter, J.D., Kimbell, J.S., Influence of mesh density on airflow and particle deposition in sinonasal airway modeling (2016) J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv., 29, pp. 46-56. , PID: 26066089; Basu, S., Witten, N., Kimbell, J.S., Influence of localized mesh refinement on numerical simulations of post-surgical sinonasal airflow (2017) J. Aerosol Med. Pulmonary Drug Deliv., 30, pp. A–14; Inthavong, K., Geometry and airflow dynamics analysis in the nasal cavity during inhalation (2019) Clin. Biomech., 66, pp. 97-106; Zhang, Y., Computational investigation of dust mite allergens in a realistic human nasal cavity (2019) Inhalation Toxicol., 31, pp. 224-235. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXhs1Srt7rK; Basu, S., Frank-Ito, D.O., Kimbell, J.S., On computational fluid dynamics models for sinonasal drug transport: Relevance of nozzle subtraction and nasal vestibular dilation (2018) Int. J. Numer. Methods Biomed. Eng., 34, p. 20; Farzal, Z., Comparative study of simulated nebulized and spray particle deposition in chronic rhinosinusitis patients (2019) Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol., 9, pp. 746-758. , PID: 30821929; Kimbell, J.S., Upper airway reconstruction using long-range optical coherence tomography: Effects of airway curvature on airflow resistance (2019) Lasers Surg. Med., 51, pp. 150-160. , PID: 30051633; Kiaee, M., Wachtel, H., Noga, M.L., Martin, A.R., Finlay, W.H., Regional deposition of nasal sprays in adults: A wide ranging computational study (2018) Int. J. Numer. Methods Biomed. Eng., 34, p. 20; Brandon, B.M., Comparison of airflow between spreader grafts and butterfly grafts using computational flow dynamics in a cadaveric model (2018) JAMA Facial Plastic Surg., 20, pp. 215-221; Brandon, B.M., Nasal airflow changes with bioabsorbable implant, butterfly, and spreader grafts (2020) Laryngoscope, 20, p. 20; Zhao, K., Scherer, P.W., Hajiloo, S.A., Dalton, P., Effect of anatomy on human nasal air flow and odorant transport patterns: Implications for olfaction (2004) Chem. Sens., 29, pp. 365-379; Xi, J., Longest, P.W., Numerical predictions of submicrometer aerosol deposition in the nasal cavity using a novel drift flux approach (2008) Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., 51, pp. 5562-5577; Shanley, K.T., Zamankhan, P., Ahmadi, G., Hopke, P.K., Cheng, Y.S., Numerical simulations investigating the regional and overall deposition efficiency of the human nasal cavity (2008) Inhalation Toxicol., 20, pp. 1093-1100. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1aru7%2FJ; Kelly, J.T., Prasad, A.K., Wexler, A.S., Detailed flow patterns in the nasal cavity (2000) J. Appl. Physiol., 89, pp. 323-337. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvgsVGrsg%3D%3D, PID: 10904068; Longest, P.W., Vinchurkar, S., Validating CFD predictions of respiratory aerosol deposition: Effects of upstream transition and turbulence (2007) J. Biomech., 40, pp. 305-316; Perkins, E.L., Ideal particle sizes for inhaled steroids targeting vocal granulomas: Preliminary study using computational fluid dynamics (2018) Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 158, pp. 511-519. , PID: 29160160; Tracy, L.F., Impact of endoscopic craniofacial resection on simulated nasal airflow and heat transport (2019) Int. Forum Allergy Rhinol., 9, pp. 900-909. , PID: 30861326; Hosseini, S., Use of anatomically-accurate 3-dimensional nasal airway models of adult human subjects in a novel methodology to identify and evaluate the internal nasal valve (2020) Comput. Biol. Med., p. 20; Doorly, D.J., Taylor, D.J., Schroter, R.C., Mechanics of airflow in the human nasal airways (2008) Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol., 163, pp. 100-110. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1cnnslagug%3D%3D, PID: 18786659; Baghernezhad, N., Abouali, O., Different SGS models in Large Eddy Simulation of 90 degree square cross-section bends (2010) J. Turbulence, N50, p. 20; Ghahramani, E., Abouali, O., Emdad, H., Ahmadi, G., Numerical investigation of turbulent airflow and microparticle deposition in a realistic model of human upper airway using LES (2017) Comput. Fluids, 157, pp. 43-54; Basu, S., Numerical evaluation of spray position for improved nasal drug delivery (2020) Sci. Rep., 10, pp. 1-18. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFejtrY%3D; V’kovski, P., Kratzel, A., Steiner, S., Stalder, H., Thiel, V., Coronavirus biology and replication: Implications for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 20, pp. 1-16; Finlay, W.H., (2001) The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols: An Introduction, , Academic Press; Moreno-Eutimio, M.A., López-Macías, C., Pastelin-Palacios, R., Bioinformatic analysis and identification of single-stranded RNA sequences recognized by TLR7/8 in the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV genomes (2020) Microbes Infect., 22, pp. 226-229. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXosFSqs70%3D, PID: 32361001; Wang, J., Tang, K., Feng, K., Lv, W., High temperature and high humidity reduce the transmission of COVID-19 (2020) SSRN, p. 20; Wang, M., Temperature significantly changed COVID-19 transmission in 429 cities (2020) medRxiv, 20, p. 20; Lakdawala, S., Gaglia, M., What we do and do not know about COVID-19’s infectious dose and viral loads Web Link., , Accessed 20 Feb 2021; Zwart, M.P., An experimental test of the independent action hypothesis in virus-insect pathosystems (2009) Proc. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci., 276, pp. 2233-2242; Wang, D., Population bottlenecks and intra-host evolution during human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) bioRxiv, 20, p. 20; Ryan, K.A., Dose-dependent response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the ferret model: Evidence of protection to re-challenge (2020) bioRxiv, 20, p. 20; Brosseau, L.M., Roy, C.J., Osterholm, M.T., Facial masking for COVID-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 2092-2093. , PID: 33095524; Geddes, L., Does a high viral load or infectious dose make COVID-19 worse? Web Link., , Accessed 20 Feb 2021; Watanabe, T., Bartrand, T.A., Weir, M.H., Omura, T., Haas, C.N., Development of a dose-response model for SARS coronavirus (2010) Risk Anal. Int. J., 30, pp. 1129-1138; Brooke, C.B., Most influenza A virions fail to express at least one essential viral protein (2013) J. Virol., 87, pp. 3155-3162. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXlsV2hsrs%3D, PID: 23283949; Li, H., Dispersion of evaporating cough droplets in tropical outdoor environment (2020) Phys. Fluids, 32, p. 20; Leal, J., Smyth, H.D.C., Ghosh, D., Physicochemical properties of mucus and their impact on transmucosal drug delivery (2017) Int. J. Pharm., 532, pp. 555-572. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhsFCktbvF, PID: 28917986; Beule, A.G., Physiology and pathophysiology of respiratory mucosa of the nose and the paranasal sinuses (2010) GMS Curr. Top. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 9, p. 20; Sumarokova, M., Influencing the adhesion properties and wettability of mucin protein films by variation of the environmental pH (2018) Sci. Rep., 8, pp. 1-10. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXhvVyjtrrM; Nath, S., Quéré, D., Spreading of viscous drops on a liquid-infused solid (2020) Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 20, p. 20; Basu, S., Yawar, A., Concha, A., Bandi, M.M., Modeling drop impacts on inclined flowing soap films (2015) APS Div. Fluid Dyn. Meet. Abstr., E32—-001, p. 20; Yawar, A., Basu, S., Concha, A., Bandi, M.M., Experimental study of drop impacts on soap films (2015) APS Div. Fluid Dyn. Meet. Abstr., E32–002, p. 20; Basu, S., Yawar, A., Concha, A., Bandi, M.M., On angled bounce-off impact of a drop impinging on a flowing soap film (2017) Fluid Dyn. Res., 49, p. 20; Dastan, A., Abouali, O., Ahmadi, G., CFD simulation of total and regional fiber deposition in human nasal cavities (2014) J. Aerosol Sci., 69, pp. 132-149. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs12itr4%3D; Schroeter, J.D., Tewksbury, E.W., Wong, B.A., Kimbell, J.S., Experimental measurements and computational predictions of regional particle deposition in a sectional nasal model (2015) J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv., 28, pp. 20-29. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2MXitFyisrw%3D, PID: 24580111; Inthavong, K., Tian, Z.F., Tu, J.Y., Yang, W., Xue, C., Optimising nasal spray parameters for efficient drug delivery using computational fluid dynamics (2008) Comput. Biol. Med., 38, pp. 713-726. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmvVOjsbk%3D, PID: 18468593; Inthavong, K., Ge, Q., Se, C.M.K., Yang, W., Tu, J.Y., Simulation of sprayed particle deposition in a human nasal cavity including a nasal spray device (2011) J. Aerosol Sci., 42, pp. 100-113. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtVWmu74%3D; Schroeter, J.D., Garcia, G.J.M., Kimbell, J.S., Effects of surface smoothness on inertial particle deposition in human nasal models (2011) J. Aerosol Sci., 42, pp. 52-63. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsF2lsQ%3D%3D, PID: 21339833; Abkarian, M., Mendez, S., Xue, N., Yang, F., Stone, H.A., Speech can produce jet-like transport relevant to asymptomatic spreading of virus (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 117, pp. 25237-25245. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitVKkt7jP, PID: 32978297; Chakraborty, A., Simulating inhaled transport through bio-inspired pathways in mask filters (2020) Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 20, p. 20; Yuk, J., 3D-printing mask filters inspired by animal nasal cavity (2020) Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 20, p. 20; Chung, C., Vortex traps to capture particles with reduced pressure loss in respiratory masks (2020) Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 20, p. 20; Yuk, J., Bio-inspired mask filters with breathing resistance control (2021) Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 20, p. 20; Higgins, T.S., Intranasal antiviral drug delivery and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A state of the art review (2020) Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg., 20; Ferrer, G., Westover, J., In vitro virucidal effect of intranasally delivered chlorpheniramine maleate compound against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2020) Res. Square, 20, p. 20; Xiong, R., Novel and potent inhibitors targeting DHODH, a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, are broad-spectrum antiviral against RNA viruses including newly emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2020) bioRxiv, 20, p. 20; Lao, Y., (2020) Identifying the Optimal Parameters for Sprayed and Inhaled Drug Particulates for Intranasal Targeting of Sars-Cov-2 Infection Sites., , arXiv:2010.16325 (preprint); Oberdick, J., Rethinking the traditional vaccine delivery in response to coronaviruses Web Link., , Accessed 20 Feb 2021; Estep, P., (2020) Sars-Cov-2 (2019-Ncov) Vaccine. White Paper Link. Accessed, , 30 Sep; Kim, M.H., Kim, H.J., Chang, J., Superior immune responses induced by intranasal immunization with recombinant adenovirus-based vaccine expressing full-length Spike protein of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2019) PLoS One, 14; Nasal spray COVID vaccine shows promise in animal trials Web Link., , Accessed 20 Feb 2021; Rohaim, M.A., Munir, M., A scalable topical vectored vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Vaccines, 8, p. 472. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXitFKru7Y%3D; Nikitin, N., Petrova, E., Trifonova, E., Karpova, O., Influenza virus aerosols in the air and their infectiousness (2014) Adv. Virol., 2014, p. 20; Basu, S., (2021) COVID-19 Anatomic CFD Data, , Link to Google Drive folder PY - 2021 SN - 20452322 (ISSN) ST - Computational characterization of inhaled droplet transport to the nasopharynx T2 - Scientific Reports TI - Computational characterization of inhaled droplet transport to the nasopharynx UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103194034&doi=10.1038%2fs41598-021-85765-7&partnerID=40&md5=5493e7b31af1323d8b1795bd43945afd VL - 11 ID - 3 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Older adults have been markedly impacted by the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The American Geriatrics Society previously published a White Paper on Healthy Aging in 2018 that focused on a number of domains that are core to healthy aging in older adults: health promotion, injury prevention, and managing chronic conditions; cognitive health; physical health; mental health; and social health. The potentially devastating consequences of COVID-19 on health promotion are recognized. The purpose of this article is multifold. First, members of the Healthy Aging Special Interest Group will present the significant difficulties and obstacles faced by older adults during this unprecedented time. Second, we provide guidance to practicing geriatrics healthcare professionals overseeing the care of older adults. We provide a framework for clinical evaluation and screening related to the five aforementioned domains that uniquely impact older adults. Last, we provide strategies that could enhance healthy aging in the era of COVID-19. © 2021 The American Geriatrics Society AD - Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, and Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States Division of General Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States The Quimby Center for Geriatric Care, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States Department of Medicine, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, McLaren Flint Campus, Flint, MI, United States VA Puget Sound HCS, University of Washington Department of Psychiatry, Pacific Lutheran University School of Nursing, Tacoma, WA, United States Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States Department of Family Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, United States Division of Geriatrics and Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States AU - Batsis, J. A. AU - Daniel, K. AU - Eckstrom, E. AU - Goldlist, K. AU - Kusz, H. AU - Lane, D. AU - Loewenthal, J. AU - Coll, P. P. AU - Friedman, S. M. C2 - 33470421 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/jgs.17035 IS - 3 J2 - J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. KW - COVID-19 healthy aging older adults accident prevention Article chronic disease cognition coronavirus disease 2019 health promotion human mental health social interaction aged female geriatric assessment geriatrics male procedures very elderly Aged, 80 and over Humans SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAGSA Correspondence Address: Batsis, J.A.; Division of Geriatric Medicine, United States; email: john.batsis@gmail.com Funding details: R18HS027277 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, K23AG051681, R01AG067416 Funding details: National Institute on Aging, NIA Funding details: Retirement Research Foundation, RRF, 2020125 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS Funding details: Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, OCTRI, UL1TR002369‐01 Funding details: University of Texas at Arlington, UTA Funding text 1: JAB is funded in part by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K23AG051681 and R01AG067416. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or other sponsors. The funders had no role in the design, conduct or analysis of the study. KD is funded in part by the Deerbrook Charitable Trust, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality under Award Number R18HS027277, Research Retirement Foundation Award Number 2020125, and the Interdisciplinary Research Program at the University of Texas at Arlington. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views any of the sponsors. The funders had no role in the design, conduct or analysis of this study. EE is funded in part by the Oregon Clinical & Translational Research Institute (UL1TR002369‐01) of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institute of Health. KG: None to report. HK: None to report. DL: None to report. JL is funded in part by the Clinical Education Research Scholars Program of the Brigham and Women's Hospital Department of Medicine. SMF: None to report. References: Górnicka, M., Drywień, M.E., Zielinska, M.A., Hamułka, J., Dietary and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 and the subsequent lockdowns among Polish adults: a cross-sectional online survey PLifeCOVID-19 study (2020) Nutrients, 12, p. 2324; Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) – United States, February 12-March 16, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 343-346; Csaba, G., Immunity and longevity (2019) Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung, 66, pp. 1-17; Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multimorbidity: an approach for clinicians: American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on the Care of Older Adults with Multimorbidity (2012) J Am Geriatr Soc, 60, pp. E1-E25; Kang, S.J., Jung, S.I., Age-related morbidity and mortality among patients with COVID-19 (2020) Infect Chemother, 52, pp. 154-164; Mukhtar, S., Psychological impact of COVID-19 on older adults (2020) Curr Med Res Pract, 10, pp. 201-202; Rossi, R., Socci, V., Talevi, D., COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures impact on mental health among the general population in Italy (2020) Front Psychiatry, 11, p. 790; Palmer, K., Monaco, A., Kivipelto, M., The potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patients with non-communicable diseases in Europe: consequences for healthy ageing (2020) Aging Clin Exp Res, 32, pp. 1189-1194; Friedman, S.M., Mulhausen, P., Cleveland, M.L., Healthy aging: American Geriatrics Society White Paper executive summary (2019) J Am Geriatr Soc, 67, pp. 17-20; Boyd, C., Smith, C.D., Masoudi, F.A., Decision making for older adults with multiple chronic conditions: executive summary for the American Geriatrics Society Guiding Principles on the Care of Older Adults With Multimorbidity (2019) J Am Geriatr Soc, 67, pp. 665-673; Amato, M., Werba, J.P., Frigerio, B., Relationship between influenza vaccination coverage rate and COVID-19 outbreak: an Italian ecological study (2020) Vaccines, 8, p. 535; Pawlowski, C., Puranik, A., Bandi, H., (2020) Exploratory analysis of immunization records highlights decreased SARS-CoV-2 rates in individuals with recent non-COVID-19 vaccinations. medRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.27.20161976; Niles, M.T., Bertmann, F., Belarmino, E.H., Wentworth, T., Biehl, E., Neff, R., The early food insecurity impacts of COVID-19 (2020) Nutrients, 12, p. 2096; Pooler, J.A., Hartline-Grafton, H., DeBor, M., Sudore, R.L., Seligman, H.K., Food insecurity: a key social determinant of health for older adults (2019) J Am Geriatr Soc, 67, pp. 421-424; Monahan, C., Macdonald, J., Lytle, A., Apriceno, M., Levy, S.R., COVID-19 and ageism: how positive and negative responses impact older adults and society (2020) Am Psychol, 75, pp. 887-896; Jenq, G.Y., Mills, J.P., Malani, P.N., Preventing COVID-19 in assisted living facilities – a balancing act (2020) JAMA Intern Med, 180, pp. 1106-1107; Visser, M., Schaap, L.A., Wijnhoven, H.A.H., Self-reported impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nutrition and physical activity behaviour in Dutch older adults living independently (2020) Nutrients, 12, p. 3708; Pollard, M.S., Tucker, J.S., Green, H.D., Jr., Changes in adult alcohol use and consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the US (2020) JAMA Netw Open., 3; Song, M., Fung, T.T., Hu, F.B., Association of animal and plant protein intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality (2016) JAMA Intern Med, 176, pp. 1453-1463; Alhola, P., Polo-Kantola, P., Sleep deprivation: impact on cognitive performance (2007) Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 3, pp. 553-567; Berg-Weger, M., Morley, J.E., Editorial: loneliness and social isolation in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for gerontological social work (2020) J Nutr Health Aging, 24, pp. 456-458; Liotta, E.M., Batra, A., Clark, J.R., Frequent neurologic manifestations and encephalopathy-associated morbidity in Covid-19 patients (2020) Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 7, pp. 2221-2230; Varatharaj, A., Thomas, N., Ellul, M.A., Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study (2020) Lancet Psychiatry, 7, pp. 875-882; Garrigues, E., Janvier, P., Kherabi, Y., Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19 (2020) J Infect, 81, pp. e4-e6; Manca, R., De Marco, M., Venneri, A., The impact of COVID-19 infection and enforced prolonged social isolation on neuropsychiatric symptoms in older adults with and without dementia: a review (2020) Front Psychiatry, 11, p. 585540; Devita, M., Bordignon, A., Sergi, G., Coin, A., The psychological and cognitive impact of Covid-19 on individuals with neurocognitive impairments: research topics and remote intervention proposals (2020) Aging Clin Exp Res, 32, pp. 1179-1181; Study finds many americans in the dark about dementia and alzheimer's disease, uncovers how pandemic is affecting brain health (2020) MDVIP, p. 2020. , Boca Raton, FL, MDVIP; Zarrabian, S., Hassani-Abharian, P., COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of cognitive rehabilitation (2020) Basic Clin Neurosci, 11, pp. 129-132; Fischer, M.E., Cruickshanks, K.J., Schubert, C.R., Age-related sensory impairments and risk of cognitive impairment (2016) J Am Geriatr Soc, 64, pp. 1981-1987; de Rezende, L.F., Rodrigues Lopes, M., Rey-López, J.P., Matsudo, V.K., Luiz Odo, C., Sedentary behavior and health outcomes: an overview of systematic reviews (2014) PLoS One, 9; Metzl, J.D., McElheny, K., Robinson, J.N., Scott, D.A., Sutton, K.M., Toresdahl, B.G., Considerations for return to exercise following mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in the recreational athlete (2020) HSS J, 16, pp. 102-107; (2020) ADA Calls Upon Dentists to Postpone Elective Procedures. American Dental Association, , https://www.ada.org/en/press-room/news-releases/2020-archives/march/ada-calls-upon-dentists-to-postpone-elective-procedures; (2020) Guidance for Dental Settings: Interim Infection Prevention and Control Guidance for Dental Settings During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic, 2020. , Vol, Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control; Estrich, C.G., Mikkelsen, M., Morrissey, R., Estimating COVID-19 prevalence and infection control practices among US dentists (2020) J Amer Dent Assoc, 151, pp. 815-824; Epstein, J.B., Chow, K., Mathias, R., Dental procedure aerosols and COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, (20). , S1473-309930636-8; Ather, A., Patel, B., Ruparel, N.B., Diogenes, A., Hargreaves, K.M., Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19): implications for clinical dental care (2020) J Endod, 46, pp. 584-595; Erskine, J., Kvavilashvili, L., Myers, L., A longitudinal investigation of repressive coping and ageing (2016) Aging Ment Health, 20, pp. 1010-1020; Klaiber, P., Wen, J.H., DeLongis, A., Sin, N.L., The ups and downs of daily life during COVID-19: age differences in affect, stress, and positive events (2020) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci; Masten, A.S., Resilience in individual development: successful adaptation despite risk and adversity (1994) Educational Resilience in Inner-City America: Challenges and Prospects, , Wang MC, Gordon EW, eds., Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum; Malani, P., Kullgren, J., Solway, E., Piette, J., Singer, D., Kirch, M., (2020) Longeliness Among Older Adults Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: National Poll on Healthy Aging Team, , Ann Arbor, MI, University of Michigan; Jimenez-Sotomayor, M.R., Gomez-Moreno, C., Soto-Perez-de-Celis, E., Coronavirus, ageism, and twitter: an evaluation of tweets about older adults and COVID-19 (2020) J Am Geriatr Soc, 68, pp. 1661-1665; Malik, M., Burhanullah, H., Lyketsos, C.G., Elder abuse and ageism during COVID-19 (2020) Psychiatric Times, 2020; Czeisler, M., Lane, R.I., Petrosky, E., Mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic – United States, June 24-30, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 1049-1057; Rebalancing the COVID-19 effect on alcohol sales (2020) The Nielsen Company, 2020. , vol; Blow, F.C., Brockmann, L.M., Barry, K.L., Role of alcohol in late-life suicide (2004) Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 28, pp. 48s-56s; Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T.B., Baker, M., Harris, T., Stephenson, D., Loneliness and social isolation as risk factors for mortality: a meta-analytic review (2015) Perspect Psychol Sci, 10, pp. 227-237; Smirmaul, B.P.C., Chamon, R.F., de Moraes, F.M., Lifestyle medicine during (and after) the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Am J Lifestyle Med, 15, pp. 60-67; Sepúlveda-Loyola, W., Rodríguez-Sánchez, I., Pérez-Rodríguez, P., Impact of social isolation due to COVID-19 on health in older people: mental and physical effects and recommendations (2020) J Nutr Health Aging, 24, pp. 938-947; Loneliness in the elderly: how to help (2020) Service NH, 2020; Duane, A.M., Stokes, K.L., DeAngelis, C.L., Bocknek, E.L., Collective trauma and community support: lessons from detroit (2020) Psychol Trauma, 12, pp. 452-454 PY - 2021 SN - 00028614 (ISSN) SP - 572-580 ST - Promoting Healthy Aging During COVID-19 T2 - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society TI - Promoting Healthy Aging During COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099770879&doi=10.1111%2fjgs.17035&partnerID=40&md5=815d565fb39ec96653a61c49cb0bda93 VL - 69 ID - 89 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented effort toward the development of an effective and safe vaccine. Aided by extensive research efforts into characterizing and developing countermeasures towards prior coronavirus epidemics, as well as recent developments of diverse vaccine platform technologies, hundreds of vaccine candidates using dozens of delivery vehicles and routes have been proposed and evaluated preclinically. A high demand coupled with massive effort from researchers has led to the advancement of at least 31 candidate vaccines in clinical trials, many using platforms that have never before been approved for use in humans. This review will address the approach and requirements for a successful vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the background of the myriad of vaccine platforms currently in clinical trials for COVID-19 prevention, and a summary of the present results of those trials. It concludes with a perspective on formulation problems which remain to be addressed in COVID-19 vaccine development and antigens or adjuvants which may be worth further investigation. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. AD - Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Batty, C. J. AU - Heise, M. T. AU - Bachelder, E. M. AU - Ainslie, K. M. C2 - 33316346 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.006 J2 - Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. KW - Adjuvant DNA Vaccine Lipid Nanoparticles mRNA vaccine Polyplexes Protein and DNA Vaccine Protein Nanoparticles Virus-like Particles Diseases Clinical development Clinical trial Coronaviruses Delivery vehicle Platform technology Research efforts Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Vaccine development Vaccines adenovirus vector inactivated virus vaccine lipid nanoparticle measles vaccine messenger RNA nanoparticle nucleic acid base recombinant antigen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine unclassified drug immunological adjuvant recombinant protein antigen presenting cell cell therapy clinical trial (topic) coronavirus disease 2019 drug approval drug design drug formulation gene targeting human infection prevention intradermal drug administration nanomedicine nonhuman plasmid priority journal Review Vesiculovirus virus like agent animal drug development drug effect drug therapy immunology prevention and control procedures synthesis Adjuvants, Immunologic Animals COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Drug Compounding Humans Recombinant Proteins SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ADDRE Correspondence Address: Ainslie, K.M.; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, 4211 Marsico Hall, 125 Mason Farm Road, United States; email: ainsliek@email.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: Adjuvants, Immunologic; COVID-19 Vaccines; Recombinant Proteins Manufacturers: Anhui Longcom; Arcturus; Bharat; Clover, Australia; Dynavax; Glaxo SmithKline; Inovio; Janssen; Labaz; Medicago; Medigene; Medytox; Moderna; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Novavax; Pfizer; Sinovac; Vaxine; Walvax Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, R01AI147497 Funding text 1: This work has been funded in part by North Carolina Policy Collaboratory , and NIH NIAID R01AI147497 . Images were in part generated by BioRender. Funding text 2: This work has been funded in part by North Carolina Policy Collaboratory, and NIH NIAID R01AI147497. Images were in part generated by BioRender. References: Weiss, S.R., Navas-Martin, S., Coronavirus pathogenesis and the emerging pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2005) Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 69, pp. 635-664; Cheng, V.C., Lau, S.K., Woo, P.C., Yuen, K.Y., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus as an agent of emerging and reemerging infection (2007) Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 20, pp. 660-694; Graham, R.L., Donaldson, E.F., Baric, R.S., A decade after SARS: strategies for controlling emerging coronaviruses (2013) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 11, pp. 836-848; Ramadan, N., Shaib, H., Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a review (2019) Germs, 9, pp. 35-42; Donnelly, M.M., Elkholy, A., Cauchemez, S., Van Kerkhove, M.D., Worldwide Reduction in MERS Cases and Deaths since 2016 (2019) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 25, p. 1758; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Cao, B., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Tay, M.Z., Poh, C.M., Renia, L., MacAry, P.A., Ng, L.F.P., The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention (2020) Nat. Rev. Immunol., 20, pp. 363-374; CDC, Cases in the U.S (2020) DHS; Yuki, K., Fujiogi, M., Koutsogiannaki, S., COVID-19 pathophysiology: a review (2020) Clin. Immunol., 215, p. 108427; Griffin, D.O., Jensen, A., Khan, M., Chin, J., Chin, K., Saad, J., Parnell, R., Patel, D., Pulmonary embolism and increased levels of d-dimer in patients with coronavirus disease (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26, p. 1941; Lin, L., Lu, L., Cao, W., Li, T., Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection–a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia (2020) Emer. Microbes & Infect., 9, pp. 727-732; Martines, R.B., Ritter, J.M., Matkovic, E., Gary, J., Bollweg, B.C., Bullock, H., Goldsmith, C.S., Reagan-Steiner, S., Pathology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 associated with fatal coronavirus disease, United States (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26, p. 2005; Bale, B.F., Doneen, A.L., Vigerust, D.J., Microvascular disease confers additional risk to COVID-19 infection (2020) Med. Hypotheses, 144, p. 109999; Lau, E.H., Hsiung, C.A., Cowling, B.J., Chen, C.H., Ho, L.M., Tsang, T., Chang, C.W., Leung, G.M., A comparative epidemiologic analysis of SARS in Hong Kong, Beijing and Taiwan (2010) BMC Infect. Dis., 10, p. 50; Kai, H., Kai, M., Interactions of coronaviruses with ACE2, angiotensin II, and RAS inhibitors-lessons from available evidence and insights into COVID-19 (2020) Hypertens. Res., 43 (7), pp. 648-654; Verdecchia, P., Cavallini, C., Spanevello, A., Angeli, F., The pivotal link between ACE2 deficiency and SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Eur J Intern Med, 76, pp. 14-20; Du, L., He, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, S., Zheng, B.J., Jiang, S., The spike protein of SARS-CoV–a target for vaccine and therapeutic development (2009) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 7, pp. 226-236; He, Y., Zhou, Y., Siddiqui, P., Jiang, S., Inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine elicits high titers of spike protein-specific antibodies that block receptor binding and virus entry (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 325, pp. 445-452; Jaume, M., Yip, M.S., Kam, Y.W., Cheung, C.Y., Kien, F., Roberts, A., Li, P.H., Altmeyer, R., SARS CoV subunit vaccine: antibody-mediated neutralisation and enhancement (2012) Hong Kong Med J, 18, pp. 31-36; Zeng, F., Chow, K.Y., Hon, C.C., Law, K.M., Yip, C.W., Chan, K.H., Peiris, J.S., Leung, F.C., Characterization of humoral responses in mice immunized with plasmid DNAs encoding SARS-CoV spike gene fragments (2004) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 315, pp. 1134-1139; Liu, R.Y., Wu, L.Z., Huang, B.J., Huang, J.L., Zhang, Y.L., Ke, M.L., Wang, J.M., Huang, W., Adenoviral expression of a truncated S1 subunit of SARS-CoV spike protein results in specific humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV in rats (2005) Virus Res., 112, pp. 24-31; Roper, R.L., Rehm, K.E., SARS vaccines: where are we? (2009) Expert Rev Vacc., 8, pp. 887-898; Walls, A.C., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Wall, A., McGuire, A.T., Veesler, D., Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 281-292. , e286; Lan, J., Ge, J., Yu, J., Shan, S., Zhou, H., Fan, S., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220; Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Wu, L., Niu, S., Song, C., Zhang, Z., Lu, G., Yuen, K.-Y.J.C., Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry by using human ACE2 (2020); Premkumar, L., Segovia-Chumbez, B., Jadi, R., Martinez, D.R., Raut, R., Markmann, A., Cornaby, C., de Silva, A.M., The receptor binding domain of the viral spike protein is an immunodominant and highly specific target of antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients (2020) Sci Immunol, 5; Chi, X., Yan, R., Zhang, J., Zhang, G., Zhang, Y., Hao, M., Zhang, Z., Chen, W., A neutralizing human antibody binds to the N-terminal domain of the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 369 (6504), pp. 650-655; Cameron, M.J., Bermejo-Martin, J.F., Danesh, A., Muller, M.P., Kelvin, D.J., Human immunopathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (2008) Virus Res., 133, pp. 13-19; Liu, L., Wei, Q., Lin, Q., Fang, J., Wang, H., Kwok, H., Tang, H., Chen, Z., Anti-spike IgG causes severe acute lung injury by skewing macrophage responses during acute SARS-CoV infection (2019) JCI Insight, 4; Tay, M.Z., Poh, C.M., Rénia, L., MacAry, P.A., Ng, L.F.P., The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention (2020) Nat. Rev. Immunol., 20, pp. 363-374; Lee, W.S., Wheatley, A.K., Kent, S.J., DeKosky, B.J., Antibody-dependent enhancement and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies (2020) Nat. Microbiol., 5, pp. 1185-1191; Tseng, C.T., Sbrana, E., Iwata-Yoshikawa, N., Newman, P.C., Garron, T., Atmar, R.L., Peters, C.J., Couch, R.B., Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus (2012) PLoS One, 7; Bolles, M., Deming, D., Long, K., Agnihothram, S., Whitmore, A., Ferris, M., Funkhouser, W., Baric, R.S., A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge (2011) J. Virol., 85, pp. 12201-12215; Deming, D., Sheahan, T., Heise, M., Yount, B., Davis, N., Sims, A., Suthar, M., Baric, R., Vaccine efficacy in senescent mice challenged with recombinant SARS-CoV bearing epidemic and zoonotic spike variants (2006) PLoS Med., 3; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Cao, B., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan (2020) China, Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Kaneko, N., Kuo, H.-H., Boucau, J., Farmer, J.R., Allard-Chamard, H., Mahajan, V.S., Piechocka-Trocha, A., Bals, J., Loss of Bcl-6-expressing T follicular helper cells and germinal centers in COVID-19 (2020) Cell, , 3652322; Friedman, L.M., Furberg, C.D., DeMets, D.L., Reboussin, D.M., Granger, C.B., Fundamentals of clinical trials (2015), Springer; Mahan, V.L., Clinical trial phases (2014) Int. J. Clin. Med., 5, p. 1374; WHO, Draft Landscape of COVID-19 Candidate Vaccines (2020); FDA, Vaccines Licensed for Use in the United States (2020); Kon, T.C., Onu, A., Berbecila, L., Lupulescu, E., Ghiorgisor, A., Kersten, G.F., Cui, Y.-Q., Van der Pol, L., Influenza vaccine manufacturing: effect of inactivation, splitting and site of manufacturing. comparison of influenza vaccine production processes (2016) PLoS One, 11; Matthews, J.T., Egg-based production of influenza vaccine: 30 years of commercial experience (2006) Bridge-Washington-National Academy Of Engineering, 36, p. 17; Neuzil, K.M., Bright, R.A., Influenza vaccine manufacture: keeping up with change (2009) J. Infect. Dis., 200, pp. 835-837; Stoel, M., Pool, J., de Vries-Idema, J., Zaaraoui-Boutahar, F., Bijl, M., Andeweg, A.C., Wilschut, J., Huckriede, A., Innate responses induced by whole inactivated virus or subunit influenza vaccines in cultured dendritic cells correlate with immune responses in vivo (2015) PLoS One, 10; Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Huang, B., Deng, W., Quan, Y., Wang, W., Xu, W., Yang, X., Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate, BBIBP-CorV, with potent protection against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell, 182 (3), pp. 713-721.e9; Govorkova, E.A., Murti, G., Meignier, B., De Taisne, C., Webster, R.G., African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells provide an alternative host cell system for influenza A and B viruses (1996) J. Virol., 70, pp. 5519-5524; Xia, S., Duan, K., Zhang, Y., Zhao, D., Zhang, H., Xie, Z., Li, X., Yang, X., Effect of an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 on safety and immunogenicity outcomes: interim analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials (2020) JAMA, 324 (10), pp. 951-960; Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Wang, L., Xu, K., Yang, M., Li, Y., Qin, C., Rapid development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 369 (6499), pp. 77-81; Zhang, Y.-J., Zeng, G., Pan, H.-X., Li, C.-G., Kan, B., Hu, Y.-L., Mao, H.-Y., Han, W.-X., Immunogenicity and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine in healthy adults aged 18-59 years: report of the randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial (2020) MedRxiv; Palacios, R., Patiño, E.G., de Oliveira Piorelli, R., Conde, M.T.R.P., Batista, A.P., Zeng, G., Xin, Q., Ockenhouse, C.F., Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treating healthcare professionals with the adsorbed COVID-19 (inactivated) vaccine manufactured by Sinovac–PROFISCOV: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2020) Trials, 21, pp. 1-3; INOVIO, INOVIO and IVI Partner with Seoul National University Hospital to Start Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial of INOVIO's COVID-19 DNA Vaccine (INO-4800) in South Korea (2020); Technology, P., Inovio Reports Promising Data from its Covid-19 Vaccine Studies (2020); Liang, F., Lindgren, G., Lin, A., Thompson, E.A., Ols, S., Rohss, J., John, S., Lore, K., Efficient targeting and activation of antigen-presenting cells in vivo after modified mRNA vaccine administration in Rhesus Macaques (2017) Mol. Ther., 25, pp. 2635-2647; Park, A., Inside the company that's hot-wiring vaccine research in the race to combat the coronavirus (2020) Time; NIAID, NIH Clinical Trial of Investigational Vaccine for COVID-19 Begins (2020); Corbett, K.S., Edwards, D., Leist, S.R., Abiona, O.M., Boyoglu-Barnum, S., Gillespie, R.A., Himansu, S., Graham, B.S., SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine development enabled by prototype pathogen preparedness (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2006.2011.145920; Alberer, M., Gnad-Vogt, U., Hong, H.S., Mehr, K.T., Backert, L., Finak, G., Gottardo, R., von Sonnenburg, F., Safety and immunogenicity of a mRNA rabies vaccine in healthy adults: an open-label, non-randomised, prospective, first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial (2017) Lancet, 390, pp. 1511-1520; Novavax, I., Novavax Identifies Coronavirus Vaccine Candidate; Accelerates Initiation of First-in-Human Trial to Mid-May (2020); Healthcare, G., Clover's Adjuvant Choice for Covid-19 an Edge, but Comparison with IMV's (2020), Novavax's vaccines limited; Arena, C.T., Clover Biopharmaceuticals Starts Phase I Covid-19 Vaccine Trial (2020); Medicago, Medicago: Pipeline (2020); CDC, Adjuvants Help Vaccines Work Better (2018); Liu, H., Su, D., Zhang, J., Ge, S., Li, Y., Wang, F., Gravel, M., Liang, P., Improvement of pharmacokinetic profile of TRAIL via trimer-tag enhances its antitumor activity (2017) Scientific Reports (Nature Publisher Group), 7, pp. 1-11; Chappell, K.J., Watterson, D., Young, P.R., (2020), Chimeric molecules and uses thereof, Google Patents; U.o. Queensland's, UQ Vaccine Scientists Report Positive Results From Pre-Clinical Testing (2020); Hayashi, M., Aoshi, T., Haseda, Y., Kobiyama, K., Wijaya, E., Nakatsu, N., Igarashi, Y., Honda-Okubo, Y., Advax, a delta inulin microparticle, potentiates in-built adjuvant property of co-administered vaccines (2017) EBioMedicine, 15, pp. 127-136; Cooper, P.D., Petrovsky, N., Delta inulin: a novel, immunologically active, stable packing structure comprising β-d-[2→ 1] poly (fructo-furanosyl) α-d-glucose polymers (2011) Glycobiology, 21, pp. 595-606; HogenEsch, H., O'Hagan, D.T., Fox, C.B., Optimizing the utilization of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines: you might just get what you want (2018) npj Vaccines, 3, p. 51; Hotez, P.J., Corry, D.B., Strych, U., Bottazzi, M.E., COVID-19 vaccines: neutralizing antibodies and the alum advantage (2020) Nat. Rev. Immunol., 20, pp. 399-400; Garçon, N., Vaughn, D.W., Didierlaurent, A.M., Development and evaluation of AS03, an Adjuvant System containing α-tocopherol and squalene in an oil-in-water emulsion (2012) Expert Rev. Vacc., 11, pp. 349-366; Campbell, J.D., Development of the CpG Adjuvant 1018: A Case Study, Vaccine Adjuvants (2017), pp. 15-27. , Springer; Swaminathan, G., Thoryk, E.A., Cox, K.S., Meschino, S., Dubey, S.A., Vora, K.A., Celano, R., Bett, A.J., A novel lipid nanoparticle adjuvant significantly enhances B cell and T cell responses to sub-unit vaccine antigens (2016) Vaccine, 34, pp. 110-119; Awasthi, S., Hook, L.M., Swaminathan, G., Cairns, T.M., Brooks, B., Smith, J.S., Ditto, N.T., Espeseth, A.S., Antibody responses to crucial functional epitopes as a novel approach to assess immunogenicity of vaccine adjuvants (2019) Vaccine, 37, pp. 3770-3778; Lovgren, K., Morein, B., The requirement of lipids for the formation of immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) (1988) Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 10, pp. 161-172; Reimer, J.M., Karlsson, K.H., Lövgren-Bengtsson, K., Magnusson, S.E., Fuentes, A., Stertman, L., Matrix-M™ adjuvant induces local recruitment, activation and maturation of central immune cells in absence of antigen (2012) PLoS One, 7; Bengtsson, K.L., Karlsson, K.H., Magnusson, S.E., Reimer, J.M., Stertman, L., Matrix-M™ adjuvant: enhancing immune responses by ‘setting the stage'for the antigen (2013) Expert Rev. Vacc., 12, pp. 821-823; O'Hagan, D., Ott, G.S., De Gregorio, E., Seubert, A., The mechanism of action of MF59–an innately attractive adjuvant formulation (2012) Vaccine, 30, pp. 4341-4348; Tritto, E., Mosca, F., De Gregorio, E., Mechanism of action of licensed vaccine adjuvants (2009) Vaccine, 27, pp. 3331-3334; Kerwin, B.A., Polysorbates 20 and 80 used in the formulation of protein biotherapeutics: structure and degradation pathways (2008) J. Pharm. Sci., 97, pp. 2924-2935; Bangaru, S., Ozorowski, G., Turner, H.L., Antanasijevic, A., Huang, D., Wang, X., Torres, J.L., Portnoff, A.D.J.S., Structural Analysis of Full-Length SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein from an Advanced Vaccine Candidate (2020), 370, pp. 1089-1094; Freund, I., Eigenbrod, T., Helm, M., Dalpke, A.H., RNA modifications modulate activation of innate toll-like receptors (2019) Genes, 10, p. 92; Dai, L., Zheng, T., Xu, K., Han, Y., Xu, L., Huang, E., An, Y., Gao, G.F., A universal design of betacoronavirus vaccines against COVID-19, MERS, and SARS (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 722-733. , e711; Petroski, N., Advax adjuvant: a potent and safe immunopotentiator composed of delta inulin (2017) Immunopoten. Modern Vacc., pp. 199-210; Honda-Okubo, Y., Barnard, D., Ong, C.H., Peng, B.-H., Tseng, C.-T.K., Petrovsky, N., Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus vaccines formulated with delta inulin adjuvants provide enhanced protection while ameliorating lung eosinophilic immunopathology (2015) J. Virol., 89, pp. 2995-3007; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Graham, B.S., McLellan, J.S., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Pallesen, J., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Wrapp, D., Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Turner, H.L., Cottrell, C.A., McLellan, J.S., Immunogenicity and structures of a rationally designed prefusion MERS-CoV spike antigen (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 114, pp. E7348-E7357; Kuo, T.-Y., Lin, M.-Y., Coffman, R.L., Campbell, J.D., Traquina, P., Lin, Y.-J., Liu, L.T.-C., Chen, C., Development of CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen as a subunit vaccine against COVID-19 (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2008.2011.245704; Simons, K., Helenius, A., Leonard, K., Sarvas, M., Gething, M.J., Formation of protein micelles from amphiphilic membrane proteins (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 75, pp. 5306-5310; Coleman, C.M., Liu, Y.V., Mu, H., Taylor, J.K., Massare, M., Flyer, D.C., Smith, G.E., Frieman, M.B., Purified coronavirus spike protein nanoparticles induce coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in mice (2014) Vaccine, 32, pp. 3169-3174; Magnusson, S.E., Altenburg, A.F., Bengtsson, K.L., Bosman, F., de Vries, R.D., Rimmelzwaan, G.F., Stertman, L., Matrix-M adjuvant enhances immunogenicity of both protein- and modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based influenza vaccines in mice (2018) Immunol. Res., 66, pp. 224-233; Cox, R.J., Pedersen, G., Madhun, A.S., Svindland, S., Saevik, M., Breakwell, L., Hoschler, K., Sjursen, H., Evaluation of a virosomal H5N1 vaccine formulated with Matrix M adjuvant in a phase I clinical trial (2011) Vaccine, 29, pp. 8049-8059; Tian, J.-H., Patel, N., Haupt, R., Zhou, H., Weston, S., Hammond, H., Lague, J., Smith, G., SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein vaccine candidate NVX-CoV2373 elicits immunogenicity in baboons and protection in mice (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2006.2029.178509; Coutard, B., Valle, C., de Lamballerie, X., Canard, B., Seidah, N.G., Decroly, E., The spike glycoprotein of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV contains a furin-like cleavage site absent in CoV of the same clade (2020) Antivir. Res., 176, p. 104742; Kumru, O.S., Joshi, S.B., Smith, D.E., Middaugh, C.R., Prusik, T., Volkin, D.B., Vaccine instability in the cold chain: mechanisms, analysis and formulation strategies (2014) Biologicals, 42, pp. 237-259; Schofield, T.L., Vaccine stability study design and analysis to support product licensure (2009) Biologicals, 37, pp. 387-396. , discussion 421-383; Guebre-Xabier, M., Patel, N., Tian, J.-H., Zhou, B., Maciejewski, S., Lam, K., Portnoff, A.D., Smith, G., NVX-CoV2373 vaccine protects cynomolgus macaque upper and lower airways against SARS-CoV-2 challenge (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2008.2018.256578; Keech, C., Albert, G., Cho, I., Robertson, A., Reed, P., Neal, S., Plested, J.S., Glenn, G.M., Phase 1-2 trial of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 2320-2332; Marsian, J., Lomonossoff, G.P., Molecular pharming - VLPs made in plants (2016) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 37, pp. 201-206; Bachmann, M.F., Jennings, G.T., Vaccine delivery: a matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns (2010) Nat. Rev. Immunol., 10, pp. 787-796; D'Aoust, M.A., Lavoie, P.O., Couture, M.M., Trepanier, S., Guay, J.M., Dargis, M., Mongrand, S., Vezina, L.P., Influenza virus-like particles produced by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana induce a protective immune response against a lethal viral challenge in mice (2008) Plant Biotechnol. J., 6, pp. 930-940; Bally, J., Jung, H., Mortimer, C., Naim, F., Philips, J.G., Hellens, R., Bombarely, A., Waterhouse, P.M., The rise and rise of nicotiana benthamiana: a plant for all reasons (2018) Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 56, pp. 405-426; Pillet, S., Couillard, J., Trepanier, S., Poulin, J.F., Yassine-Diab, B., Guy, B., Ward, B.J., Landry, N., Immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent plant-derived virus like particle influenza vaccine candidate-Two randomized Phase II clinical trials in 18 to 49 and >/=50 years old adults (2019) PLoS One, 14; Ingolotti, M., Kawalekar, O., Shedlock, D.J., Muthumani, K., Weiner, D.B., DNA vaccines for targeting bacterial infections (2010) Expert Rev. Vacc., 9, pp. 747-763; Ulmer, J.B., Mason, P.W., Geall, A., Mandl, C.W., RNA-based vaccines (2012) Vaccine, 30, pp. 4414-4418; Gary, D.J., Min, J., Kim, Y., Park, K., Won, Y.-Y., The effect of N/P ratio on the in vitro and in vivo interaction properties of PEGylated poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-based siRNA complexes (2013) Macromol. Biosci., 13, pp. 1059-1071; Sakae, M., Ito, T., Yoshihara, C., Iida-Tanaka, N., Yanagie, H., Eriguchi, M., Koyama, Y., Highly efficient in vivo gene transfection by plasmid/PEI complexes coated by anionic PEG derivatives bearing carboxyl groups and RGD peptide (2008) Biomed. Pharmacother., 62, pp. 448-453; Dupuis, M., Denis-Mize, K., Woo, C., Goldbeck, C., Selby, M.J., Chen, M., Otten, G.R., McDonald, D.M., Distribution of DNA vaccines determines their immunogenicity after intramuscular injection in mice (2000) J. Immunol., 165, pp. 2850-2858; Babiuk, S., Baca-Estrada, M.E., Foldvari, M., Middleton, D.M., Rabussay, D., Widera, G., Babiuk, L.A., Increased gene expression and inflammatory cell infiltration caused by electroporation are both important for improving the efficacy of DNA vaccines (2004) J. Biotechnol., 110, pp. 1-10; Modjarrad, K., Roberts, C.C., Mills, K.T., Castellano, A.R., Paolino, K., Muthumani, K., Reuschel, E.L., Maslow, J.N., Safety and immunogenicity of an anti-Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus DNA vaccine: a phase 1, open-label, single-arm, dose-escalation trial (2019) Lancet Infect. Dis., 19, pp. 1013-1022; Diehl, M.C., Lee, J.C., Daniels, S.E., Tebas, P., Khan, A.S., Giffear, M., Sardesai, N.Y., Bagarazzi, M.L., Tolerability of intramuscular and intradermal delivery by CELLECTRA((R)) adaptive constant current electroporation device in healthy volunteers (2013) Hum Vaccin Immunother, 9, pp. 2246-2252; Smith, T.R.F., Patel, A., Ramos, S., Elwood, D., Zhu, X., Yan, J., Gary, E.N., Broderick, K.E., Immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine candidate for COVID-19 (2020) Nat. Commun., 11, p. 2601; Patel, A., Walters, J., Reuschel, E.L., Schultheis, K., Parzych, E., Gary, E.N., Maricic, I., Broderick, K.E., Intradermal-delivered DNA vaccine provides anamnestic protection in a rhesus macaque SARS-CoV-2 challenge model (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2007.2028.225649; L.G. Ho D, South Korea's Genexine Begins Phase I/IIa Trials for COVID-19 Vaccine (2020); Kim, T.J., Jin, H.T., Hur, S.Y., Yang, H.G., Seo, Y.B., Hong, S.R., Lee, C.W., Sung, Y.C., Clearance of persistent HPV infection and cervical lesion by therapeutic DNA vaccine in CIN3 patients (2014) Nat. Commun., 5, p. 5317; Choi, Y.J., Hur, S.Y., Kim, T.J., Hong, S.R., Lee, J.K., Cho, C.H., Park, K.S., Park, J.S., A phase II, prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label study of GX-188E, an HPV DNA vaccine, in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (2020) Clin. Cancer Res., 26, pp. 1616-1623; Kreiter, S., Diken, M., Selmi, A., Diekmann, J., Attig, S., Husemann, Y., Koslowski, M., Sahin, U., FLT3 ligand enhances the cancer therapeutic potency of naked RNA vaccines (2011) Cancer Res., 71, pp. 6132-6142; Seo, Y.B., Suh, Y.S., Ryu, J.I., Jang, H., Oh, H., Koo, B.-S., Seo, S.-H., Kim, S.-J., Soluble Spike DNA vaccine provides long-term protective immunity against SAR-CoV-2 in mice and nonhuman primates (2020) bioRxiv, , bioRxiv 2020.10.09.334136; Miyazaki, H., Atobe, S., Suzuki, T., Iga, H., Terai, K., Development of pyro-drive jet injector with controllable jet pressure (2019) J. Pharm. Sci., 108, pp. 2415-2420; Chang, C., Sun, J., Hayashi, H., Suzuki, A., Sakaguchi, Y., Miyazaki, H., Nishikawa, T., Kaneda, Y., Stable immune response induced by intradermal DNA vaccination by a novel needleless pyro-drive jet injector (2019) AAPS PharmSciTech, 21, p. 19; Sanofi, Sanofi and Translate Bio Expand Collaboration to Develop Mrna Vaccines Across all Infectious Disease Areas (2020); Patel, A.K., Kaczmarek, J.C., Bose, S., Kauffman, K.J., Mir, F., Heartlein, M.W., DeRosa, F., Anderson, D.G., Inhaled nanoformulated mRNA polyplexes for protein production in lung epithelium (2019) Adv. Mater., 31; Liu, Y., Li, Y., Keskin, D., Shi, L., Poly(beta-amino esters): synthesis, formulations, and their biomedical applications (2019) Adv Healthc Mater, 8; Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Wang, N., Pallesen, J., Wrapp, D., Turner, H.L., Cottrell, C.A., Corbett, K.S., Ward, A.B., Stabilized coronavirus spikes are resistant to conformational changes induced by receptor recognition or proteolysis (2018) Sci. Rep., 8, p. 15701; Jackson, L.A., Anderson, E.J., Rouphael, N.G., Roberts, P.C., Makhene, M., Coler, R.N., McCullough, M.P., Beigel, J.H., An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — preliminary report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 1920-1931; Anderson, E.J., Rouphael, N.G., Widge, A.T., Jackson, L.A., Roberts, P.C., Makhene, M., Chappell, J.D., Pruijssers, A.J., Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in older adults (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 2427-2438; Jackson, L.A., Anderson, E.J., Rouphael, N.G., Roberts, P.C., Makhene, M., Coler, R.N., McCullough, M.P., Beigel, J.H., An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — preliminary report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 1920-1931; Cohen, E., Moderna's Coronavirus Vaccine Is 94.5% Effective, According To Company Data (2020); Byrne, J., Moderna signals Diversity of its US COVID-19 Vaccine trial Cohort (2020); WHO, Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Manufacturing Process and Timeline (2009); Weiland, S.D., Trump Administration Selects Five Coronavirus Vaccine Candidates as Finalists (2020), New York Times; Grady, D., (2020), Moderna Applies for Emergency F.D.A. Approval for Its Coronavirus Vaccine, New York Times; R, C., BNT162 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (2020); Pardi, N., Hogan, M.J., Pelc, R.S., Muramatsu, H., Andersen, H., DeMaso, C.R., Dowd, K.A., Weissman, D., Zika virus protection by a single low-dose nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccination (2017) Nature, 543, pp. 248-251; Mulligan, M.J., Lyke, K.E., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S.P., Neuzil, K., Jansen, K.U., Phase 1/2 study to describe the safety and immunogenicity of a covid-19 rna vaccine candidate (BNT162b1) in adults 18 to 55 years of age: interim report (2020) medRxiv, , 2020.2006.2030.20142570; Tai, W., Zhao, G., Sun, S., Guo, Y., Wang, Y., Tao, X., Tseng, C.K., Zhou, Y., A recombinant receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV in trimeric form protects human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4) transgenic mice from MERS-CoV infection (2016) Virology, 499, pp. 375-382; Karikó, K., Muramatsu, H., Welsh, F.A., Ludwig, J., Kato, H., Akira, S., Weissman, D., Incorporation of pseudouridine into mRNA yields superior nonimmunogenic vector with increased translational capacity and biological stability (2008) Mol. Ther., 16, pp. 1833-1840; Walsh, E.E., Frenck, R.W., Jr., Falsey, A.R., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Bailey, R., Safety and immunogenicity of two RNA-based Covid-19 vaccine candidates (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 2439-2450; Wire, B., Pfizer and BioNTech Announce Vaccine Candidate Against COVID-19 Achieved Success in First Interim Analysis from Phase 3 Study (2020); Thomas, K., New Pfizer Results: Coronavirus Vaccine Is Safe And 95% Effective (2020), New York Times; Roberts, M., Covid-19: Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine Judged Safe for Use in UK (2020), BBC; Morrison, A.J., Jr., Hunt, E.H., Atuk, N.O., Schwartzman, J.D., Wenzel, R.P., Rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis using intradermal human diploid cell vaccine: immunologic efficacy and cost-effectiveness in a university medical center and a review of selected literature (1987) Am J Med Sci, 293, pp. 293-297; CureVac, CureVac´s Optimized mRNA Platform Provides Positive Pre-Clinical Results at Low Dose for Coronavirus Vaccine Candidate (2020); Kremsner, P., Mann, P., Bosch, J., Fendel, R., Gabor, J.J., Kreidenweiss, A., Kroidl, A., Oostvogels, L., Phase 1 assessment of the safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA- lipid nanoparticle vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in human volunteers (2020) medRxiv, , 2020.2011.2009.20228551; Lutz, J., Lazzaro, S., Habbeddine, M., Schmidt, K.E., Baumhof, P., Mui, B.L., Tam, Y.K., Fotin-Mleczek, M., Unmodified mRNA in LNPs constitutes a competitive technology for prophylactic vaccines (2017) npj Vaccines, 2, p. 29; CureVac, CureVac's COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate, CVnCoV, Suitable for Standard Fridge Temperature Logistics (2020); Zhang, N.N., Li, X.F., Deng, Y.Q., Zhao, H., Huang, Y.J., Yang, G., Huang, W.J., Qin, C.F., A thermostable mRNA vaccine against COVID-19 (2020) Cell, 182 (5), pp. 1271-1283.e16; Gu, H., Chen, Q., Yang, G., He, L., Fan, H., Deng, Y.-Q., Wang, Y., Zhou, Y., Rapid adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice: novel mouse model for vaccine efficacy (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2005.2002.073411; DD, K., U.K. Lab to Sidestep Drug Industry to Sell Potential Virus Vaccine (2020), New York Times; He, W., Evans, A.C., Rasley, A., Bourguet, F., Peters, S., Kamrud, K.I., Wang, N., Fischer, N.O., Cationic HDL mimetics enhance in vivo delivery of self-replicating mRNA (2020) Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology Biol. Med., 24, p. 102154; Du, X., Ansell, S.M., (2019), Lipids and lipid nanoparticle formulations for delivery of nucleic acids, Google Patents; McKay, P.F., Hu, K., Blakney, A.K., Samnuan, K., Bouton, C.R., Rogers, P., Polra, K., Shattock, R.J., Self-amplifying RNA SARS-CoV-2 lipid nanoparticle vaccine induces equivalent preclinical antibody titers and viral neutralization to recovered COVID-19 patients (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2004.2022.055608; Arcturus, Arcturus Reports Additional Supportive Preclinical Data for its COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate (LUNAR-COV19) (2020); Ramaswamy, S., Tonnu, N., Tachikawa, K., Limphong, P., Vega, J.B., Karmali, P.P., Chivukula, P., Verma, I.M., Systemic delivery of factor IX messenger RNA for protein replacement therapy (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 114, pp. E1941-E1950; Hooper, J.W., Mucker, E.M., Chivukula, P., (2020), Nucleic acid vaccine composition comprising a lipid formulation, and method of increasing the potency of nucleic acid vaccines, Google Patents; Payne, J.E., Chivukula, P., (2018), Ionizable cationic lipid for RNA delivery, Google Patents; Wengel, J., (2015), UNA oligomers for therapeutics, Google Patents; Kim, L., Martinez, C.J., Hodgson, K.A., Trager, G.R., Brandl, J.R., Sandefer, E.P., Doll, W.J., Tucker, S.N., Systemic and mucosal immune responses following oral adenoviral delivery of influenza vaccine to the human intestine by radio controlled capsule (2016) Sci. Rep., 6, p. 37295; Newswire, G., Vaxart Announces Selection of its Oral COVID-19 Vaccine Lead Candidate (2020); Zhu, F.-C., Li, Y.-H., Guan, X.-H., Hou, L.-H., Wang, W.-J., Li, J.-X., Wu, S.-P., Chen, W., Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1845-1854; Cross, R., CanSino Publishes first COVID-19 Vaccine Data to Muted Response (2020), Chemical & Engineering News; Cohen, J., Merck, One of Big Pharma's Biggest Players, Reveals its COVID-19 Vaccine and Therapy Plans (2020), Science Magazine; Philippidis, A., Sanofi Expands COVID-19 Pipeline with Translate Bio Partnership (2020); Jenner, E., An Inquiry Into the Causes and Effects of the Variolæ Vaccinæ (1798), Or Cow-Pox Sampson Low, London; Menachery, V.D., Gralinski, L.E., Mitchell, H.D., Dinnon, K.H., Leist, S.R., Yount, B.L., McAnarney, E.T., Baric, R.S., Combination attenuation offers strategy for live attenuated coronavirus vaccines (2018) J. Virol., 92; Lau, S.-Y., Wang, P., Mok, B.W.-Y., Zhang, A.J., Chu, H., Lee, A.C.-Y., Deng, S., Song, W., Attenuated SARS-CoV-2 variants with deletions at the S1/S2 junction (2020) Emer. Microbes & Infect., 9, pp. 837-842; Wang, P., Lau, S.-Y., Deng, S., Chen, P., Mok, B.W.-Y., Zhang, A.J., Lee, A.C.-Y., K.K.-W. To, Pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and protective ability of an attenuated SARS-CoV-2 variant with a deletion at the S1/S2 junction of the spike protein (2020) bioRxiv, , bioRxiv 2020.08.24.264192; Groenke, N., Trimpert, J., Merz, S., Conradie, A.M., Wyler, E., Zhang, H., Hazapis, O.-G., Osterrieder, N., Mechanism of virus attenuation by codon pair deoptimization (2020) Cell Rep., 31, p. 107586; Clark-Curtiss, J.E., Curtiss, R., 3rd, Salmonella vaccines: conduits for protective antigens (2018) J. Immunol., 200, pp. 39-48; CDC, Cell-Based Flu Vaccines (2019); Zhu, F.C., Wurie, A.H., Hou, L.H., Liang, Q., Li, Y.H., Russell, J.B., Wu, S.P., Chen, W., Safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vector-based Ebola vaccine in healthy adults in Sierra Leone: a single-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial (2017) Lancet, 389, pp. 621-628; Agnandji, S.T., Huttner, A., Zinser, M.E., Njuguna, P., Dahlke, C., Fernandes, J.F., Yerly, S., Siegrist, C.A., Phase 1 Trials of rVSV Ebola Vaccine in Africa and Europe (2016) N. Engl. J. Med., 374, pp. 1647-1660; Zhu, F.C., Li, Y.H., Guan, X.H., Hou, L.H., Wang, W.J., Li, J.X., Wu, S.P., Chen, W., Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1845-1854; Zhu, F.C., Guan, X.H., Li, Y.H., Huang, J.Y., Jiang, T., Hou, L.H., Li, J.X., Chen, W., Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 479-488; AstraZeneca, AstraZeneca Advances Response To Global COVID-19 Challenge as it Receives First Commitments For Oxford's Potential New Vaccine (2020); Folegatti, P.M., Ewer, K.J., Aley, P.K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Byard, N., I. Cabera Puig, A. Calvert, S. Camara, M. Cao, F. Cappuccini, M. Carr, M.W. Carroll, V. Carter, K. Cathie, R.J. Challis, I. Chelysheva, J.-S. Cho, P. Cicconi, L. Cifuentes, H. Clark, E. Clark, T. Cole, R. Colin-Jones, C.P. Conlon, A. Cook, N.S. Coombes, R. Cooper, C.A. Cosgrove, K. Coy, W.E.M. Crocker, C.J. Cunningham, B.E. Damratoski, L. Dando, M.S. Datoo, H. Davies, H. De Graaf, T. Demissie, C. Di Maso, I. Dietrich, T. Dong, F.R. Donnellan, N. Douglas, C. Downing, J. Drake, R. Drake-Brockman, R.E. Drury, S.J. Dunachie, N.J. Edwards, F.D.L. Edwards, C.J. Edwards, S.C. Elias, M.J. Elmore, K.R.W. Emary, M.R. English, S. Fagerbrink, S. Felle, S. Feng, S. Field, C. Fixmer, C. Fletcher, K.J. Ford, J. Fowler, P. Fox, E. Francis, J. Frater, J. Furze, M. Fuskova, E. Galiza, D. Gbesemete, C. Gilbride, G. Gorini, L. Goulston, C. Grabau, L. Gracie, Z. Gray, L.B. Guthrie, M. Hackett, S. Halwe, E. Hamilton, J. Hamlyn, B. Hanumunthadu, I. Harding, S.A. Harris, A. Harris, D. Harrison, C. Harrison, T.C. Hart, L. Haskell, S. Hawkins, I. Head, J.A. Henry, J. Hill, S.H.C. Hodgson, M.M. Hou, E. Howe, N. Howell, C. Hutlin, S. Ikram, C. Isitt, P. Iveson, S. Jackson, F. Jackson, S.W. James, M. Jenkins, E. Jones, K. Jones, C.E. Jones, B. Jones, R. Kailath, K. Karampatsas, J. Keen, S. Kelly, D. Kelly, D. Kerr, S. Kerridge, L. Khan, U. Khan, A. Killen, J. Kinch, T.B. King, King, J. King, L. Kingham-Page, P. Klenerman, F. Knapper, J.C. Knight, S. Koleva, A. Kupke, C.W. Larkworthy, J.P.J. Larwood, A. Laskey, A.M. Lawrie, A. Lee, K.Y. Ngan Lee, E.A. Lee, H. Legge, A. Lelliott, N.-M. Lemm, A.M. Lias, A. Linder, S. Lipworth, X. Liu, S. Liu, R. Lopez Ramon, M. Lwin, F. Mabesa, M. Madhavan, G. Mallett, K. Mansatta, I. Marcal, S. Marinou, E. Marlow, J.L. Marshall, J. Martin, J. McEwan, G. Meddaugh, A.J. Mentzer, N. Mirtorabi, M. Moore, E. Moran, E. Morey, V. Morgan, S.J. Morris, H. Morrison, G. Morshead, R. Morter, Y.F. Mujadidi, J. Muller, T. Munera-Huertas, C. Munro, A. Munro, S. Murphy, V.J. Muster, P. Mweu, A. Noé, F.L. Nugent, E. Nugent, K. O'Brien, D. O'Connor, B. Oguti, J.L. Oliver, C. Oliveira, P.J. O'Reilly, M. Osborn, P. Osborne, C. Owen, D. Owens, N. Owino, M. Pacurar, K. Parker, H. Parracho, M. Patrick-Smith, V. Payne, J. Pearce, Y. Peng, M.P. Peralta Alvarez, J. Perring, K. Pfafferott, D. Pipini, E. Plested, H. Pluess-Hall, K. Pollock, I. Poulton, L. Presland, S. Provstgaard-Morys, D. Pulido, K. Radia, F. Ramos Lopez, J. Rand, H. Ratcliffe, T. Rawlinson, S. Rhead, A. Riddell, A.J. Ritchie, H. Roberts, J. Robson, S. Roche, C. Rohde, C.S. Rollier, R. Romani, I. Rudiansyah, S. Saich, S. Sajjad, S. Salvador, L. Sanchez Riera, H. Sanders, K. Sanders, S. Sapaun, C. Sayce, E. Schofield, G. Screaton, B. Selby, C. Semple, H.R. Sharpe, A. Shea, H. Shelton, S. Silk, L. Silva-Reyes, D.T. Skelly, H. Smee, C.C. Smith, D.J. Smith, R. Song, A.J. Spencer, E. Stafford, A. Steele, E. Stefanova, L. Stockdale, A. Szigeti, A. Tahiri-Alaoui, M. Tait, H. Talbot, R. Tanner, I.J. Taylor, V. Taylor, R. Te Water Naude, N. Thakur, Y. Themistocleous, A. Themistocleous, M. Thomas, T.M. Thomas, A. Thompson, S. Thomson-Hill, J. Tomlins, S. Tonks, J. Towner, N. Tran, J.A. Tree, A. Truby, K. Turkentine, C. Turner, N. Turner, S. Turner, T. Tuthill, M. Ulaszewska, R. Varughese, N. Van Doremalen, K. Veighey, M.K. Verheul, I. Vichos, E. Vitale, L. Walker, M.E.E. Watson, B. Welham, J. Wheat, C. White, R. White, A.T. Worth, D. Wright, S. Wright, X.L. Yao, Y. Yau, Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial Lancet; Callaway, E., Why Oxford's positive COVID vaccine results are puzzling scientists (2020) Nature, 588, pp. 16-18; Janssen, Janssen Vaccine Technology (2020); Barouch, D.H., Kik, S.V., Weverling, G.J., Dilan, R., King, S.L., Maxfield, L.F., Clark, S., Goudsmit, J., International seroepidemiology of adenovirus serotypes 5, 26, 35, and 48 in pediatric and adult populations (2011) Vaccine, 29, pp. 5203-5209; Express, I., Coronavirus (Covid-19) Vaccine Status Check: Oxford Vaccine Most Advanced, Says Who; Sanofi Accelerates Trials (2020); Gabitzsch, E.S., Xu, Y., Yoshida, L.H., Balint, J., Gayle, R.B., Amalfitano, A., Jones, F.R., A preliminary and comparative evaluation of a novel Ad5 [E1-, E2b-] recombinant-based vaccine used to induce cell mediated immune responses (2009) Immunol. Lett., 122, pp. 44-51; Gabitzsch, E.S., Xu, Y., Balint, J.P., Jr., Hartman, Z.C., Lyerly, H.K., Jones, F.R., Anti-tumor immunotherapy despite immunity to adenovirus using a novel adenoviral vector Ad5 [E1-, E2b-]-CEA (2010) Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 59, pp. 1131-1135; Osada, T., Yang, X.Y., Hartman, Z.C., Glass, O., Hodges, B.L., Niedzwiecki, D., Morse, M.A., Clay, T.M., Optimization of vaccine responses with an E1, E2b and E3-deleted Ad5 vector circumvents pre-existing anti-vector immunity (2009) Cancer Gene Ther., 16, pp. 673-682; Rice, A., Verma, M., Shin, A., Zakin, L., Sieling, P., Tanaka, S., Adisetiyo, H., Buta, S., A Next Generation Bivalent Human Ad5 COVID-19 Vaccine Delivering Both Spike and Nucleocapsid Antigens Elicits Th1 Dominant CD4+, CD8+ T-cell and Neutralizing Antibody Responses, bioRxiv (2020); Yang, K., Sun, K., Srinivasan, K., Salmon, J., Marques, E., Xu, J., August, J., Immune responses to T-cell epitopes of SARS CoV-N protein are enhanced by N immunization with a chimera of lysosome-associated membrane protein (2009) Gene Ther., 16, pp. 1353-1362; Petropoulos, K., Effective Stabilization of Viral Vectors in Liquid Using an Algorithm-Based Development Approach (2019), American Society of Hematology Washington DC; Reinauer, E.B., Grosso, S.S., Henz, S.R., Rabas, J.A., Rodenstein, C., Altrichter, J., Scholz, M., Kemter, K.F., Algorithm-based liquid formulation development including a doe concept predicts long-term viral vector stability (2020) J. Pharm. Sci., 109, pp. 818-829; Roberts, A., Kretzschmar, E., Perkins, A.S., Forman, J., Price, R., Buonocore, L., Kawaoka, Y., Rose, J.K., Vaccination with a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing an influenza virus hemagglutinin provides complete protection from influenza virus challenge (1998) J. Virol., 72, pp. 4704-4711; Roberts, A., Buonocore, L., Price, R., Forman, J., Rose, J.K., Attenuated vesicular stomatitis viruses as vaccine vectors (1999) J. Virol., 73, pp. 3723-3732; Jones, S.M., Feldmann, H., Ströher, U., Geisbert, J.B., Fernando, L., Grolla, A., Klenk, H.-D., Fritz, E.A., Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses (2005) Nat. Med., 11, pp. 786-790; Regules, J.A., Beigel, J.H., Paolino, K.M., Voell, J., Castellano, A.R., Hu, Z., Muñoz, P., Bennett, J.W., A recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus Ebola vaccine (2017) N. Engl. J. Med., 376, pp. 330-341; Suder, E., Furuyama, W., Feldmann, H., Marzi, A., de Wit, E., The vesicular stomatitis virus-based Ebola virus vaccine: from concept to clinical trials (2018) Human Vacc. Immunother., 14, pp. 2107-2113; Kapadia, S.U., Rose, J.K., Lamirande, E., Vogel, L., Subbarao, K., Roberts, A., Long-term protection from SARS coronavirus infection conferred by a single immunization with an attenuated VSV-based vaccine (2005) Virology, 340, pp. 174-182; Kapadia, S.U., Simon, I.D., Rose, J.K., SARS vaccine based on a replication-defective recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus is more potent than one based on a replication-competent vector (2008) Virology, 376, pp. 165-172; Case, J.B., Rothlauf, P.W., Chen, R.E., Liu, Z., Zhao, H., Kim, A.S., Bloyet, L.-M., Droit, L., Neutralizing antibody and soluble ACE2 inhibition of a replication-competent VSV-SARS-CoV-2 and a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 (2020); Case, J.B., Rothlauf, P.W., Chen, R.E., Kafai, N.M., Fox, J.M., Smith, B.K., Shrihari, S., Keeler, S.P., Replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus vaccine vector protects against SARS-CoV-2-mediated pathogenesis in mice (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 28. , 465-474. e464; Hassan, A.O., Case, J.B., Winkler, E.S., Thackray, L.B., Kafai, N.M., Bailey, A.L., McCune, B.T., Alsoussi, W.B., A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies (2020) Cell, 182. , 744-753. e744; Yahalom-Ronen, Y., Tamir, H., Melamed, S., Politi, B., Shifman, O., Achdout, H., Vitner, E.B., Stein, D., A single dose of recombinant vsv-∆ g-spike vaccine provides protection against sars-cov-2 challenge (2020) bioRxiv, , bioRxiv 2020.06.18.160655; Hörner, C., Schürmann, C., Auste, A., Ebenig, A., Muraleedharan, S., Herrmann, M., Schnierle, B., Mühlebach, M.D., A Highly Immunogenic Measles Virus-based Th1-biased COVID-19 Vaccine (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2007.2011.198291; Combredet, C., Labrousse, V., Mollet, L., Lorin, C., Delebecque, F., Hurtrel, B., McClure, H., Tangy, F., A molecularly cloned Schwarz strain of measles virus vaccine induces strong immune responses in macaques and transgenic mice (2003) J. Virol., 77, pp. 11546-11554; Ramsauer, K., Schwameis, M., Firbas, C., Müllner, M., Putnak, R.J., Thomas, S.J., Desprès, P., Tangy, F., Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of a recombinant measles-virus-based chikungunya vaccine: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, active-comparator, first-in-man trial (2015) Lancet Infect. Dis., 15, pp. 519-527; Reisinger, E.C., Tschismarov, R., Beubler, E., Wiedermann, U., Firbas, C., Loebermann, M., Pfeiffer, A., Ramsauer, K., Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of the measles-vectored chikungunya virus vaccine MV-CHIK: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase 2 trial (2019) Lancet, 392, pp. 2718-2727; Nikam, V., Kotade, K.B., Gaware, V.M., Eudragit a versatile polymer: a review (2011) Pharmacologyonline, 1, pp. 152-164; Kim, L., Liebowitz, D., Lin, K., Kasparek, K., Pasetti, M.F., Garg, S.J., Gottlieb, K., Tucker, S.N., Safety and immunogenicity of an oral tablet norovirus vaccine, a phase I randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2018) JCI Insight, 3; Vaxart, Vaxart's COVID-19 Vaccine Selected for the U.S. Government's Operation Warp Speed (2020); Yurina, V., Live bacterial vectors-a promising DNA vaccine delivery system (2018) Med Sci (Basel), 6; de Azevedo, M., Meijerink, M., Taverne, N., Pereira, V.B., LeBlanc, J.G., Azevedo, V., Miyoshi, A., Chatel, J.M., Recombinant invasive Lactococcus lactis can transfer DNA vaccines either directly to dendritic cells or across an epithelial cell monolayer (2015) Vaccine, 33, pp. 4807-4812; Symvivo, COVID-19: Program Vision (2020); Oertli, D., Marti, W.R., Norton, J.A., Tsung, K., Artificial antigen-presenting cells engineered by recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing antigen, MHC class II, and costimulatory molecules elicit proliferation of CD4+ lymphocytes in vitro (1997) Clin. Exp. Immunol., 110, pp. 144-149; Wang, C., Sun, W., Ye, Y., Bomba, H.N., Gu, Z., Bioengineering of artificial antigen presenting cells and lymphoid organs (2017) Theranostics, 7, pp. 3504-3516; Rhodes, K.R., Meyer, R.A., Wang, J., Tzeng, S.Y., Green, J.J., Biomimetic tolerogenic artificial antigen presenting cells for regulatory T cell induction (2020) Acta Biomater., 12, pp. 136-148; Butler, M.O., Lee, J.S., Ansen, S., Neuberg, D., Hodi, F.S., Murray, A.P., Drury, L., Hirano, N., Long-lived antitumor CD8+ lymphocytes for adoptive therapy generated using an artificial antigen-presenting cell (2007) Clin. Cancer Res., 13, pp. 1857-1867; Neal, L.R., Bailey, S.R., Wyatt, M.M., Bowers, J.S., Majchrzak, K., Nelson, M.H., Haupt, C., Varela, J.C., The basics of artificial antigen presenting cells in t cell-based cancer immunotherapies (2017) J. Immunol. Res. Ther., 2, pp. 68-79; Su, Q., Igyártó, B.Z., One-step artificial antigen presenting cell-based vaccines induce potent effector CD8 T cell responses (2019) Sci. Rep., 9, p. 18949; Chang, L.J., Lentiviral vector transduction of dendritic cells for novel vaccine strategies (2010) Methods Mol. Biol., 614, pp. 161-171; Chen, X., He, J., Chang, L.J., Alteration of T cell immunity by lentiviral transduction of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (2004) Retrovirology, 1, p. 37; Hsieh, C.-L., Goldsmith, J.A., Schaub, J.M., DiVenere, A.M., Kuo, H.-C., Javanmardi, K., Le, K.C., McLellan, J.S., Structure-Based Design of Prefusion-Stabilized SARS-CoV-2 Spikes (2020), 369, pp. 1501-1505; Stitz, L., Vogel, A., Schnee, M., Voss, D., Rauch, S., Mutzke, T., Ketterer, T., Petsch, B., A thermostable messenger RNA based vaccine against rabies (2017) PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 11; Wang, L., Li, J., Chen, H., Li, F., Armstrong, G.L., Nelson, C., Ze, W., Shapiro, C.N., Hepatitis B vaccination of newborn infants in rural China: evaluation of a village-based, out-of-cold-chain delivery strategy (2007) Bull. World Health Organ., 85, pp. 688-694; Lydon, P., Zipursky, S., Tevi-Benissan, C., Djingarey, M.H., Gbedonou, P., Youssouf, B.O., Zaffran, M., Economic benefits of keeping vaccines at ambient temperature during mass vaccination: the case of meningitis A vaccine in Chad (2013) Bull. World Health Organ., 92, pp. 86-92; Kumru, O.S., Joshi, S.B., Smith, D.E., Middaugh, C.R., Prusik, T., Volkin, D.B., Vaccine instability in the cold chain: mechanisms, analysis and formulation strategies (2014) Biologicals, 42, pp. 237-259; Liu, L., Wang, P., Nair, M.S., Yu, J., Rapp, M., Wang, Q., Luo, Y., Figueroa, A., Potent neutralizing antibodies against multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 450-456; Barnes, C.O., Jette, C.A., Abernathy, M.E., Dam, K.-M.A., Esswein, S.R., Gristick, H.B., Malyutin, A.G., Lee, Y.E., SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody structures inform therapeutic strategies (2020) Nature; Jiang, H.-W., Li, Y., Zhang, H.-N., Wang, W., Yang, X., Qi, H., Li, H., Tao, S.-C., SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray for global profiling of COVID-19 specific IgG and IgM responses (2020) Nat. Commun., 11, pp. 1-11; Dunand, C.J.H., Leon, P.E., Huang, M., Choi, A., Chromikova, V., Ho, I.Y., Tan, G.S., Zheng, N.-Y., Both neutralizing and non-neutralizing human H7N9 influenza vaccine-induced monoclonal antibodies confer protection (2016) Cell Host Microbe, 19, pp. 800-813; Tan, G.S., Leon, P.E., Albrecht, R.A., Margine, I., Hirsh, A., Bahl, J., Krammer, F., Broadly-reactive neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies directed against the H7 influenza virus hemagglutinin reveal divergent mechanisms of protection (2016) PLoS Pathog., 12; DiLillo, D.J., Palese, P., Wilson, P.C., Ravetch, J.V., Broadly neutralizing anti-influenza antibodies require Fc receptor engagement for in vivo protection (2016) J. Clin. Invest., 126, pp. 605-610; Horwitz, J.A., Bar-On, Y., Lu, C.-L., Fera, D., Lockhart, A.A., Lorenzi, J.C., Nogueira, L., Seaman, M.S., (2017), Non-neutralizing antibodies alter the course of HIV-1 infection in vivo, Cell, 170 637-648. e610; Forthal, D., Hope, T., Alter, G., New paradigms for functional HIV-specific non-neutralizing antibodies (2013) Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS, 8, p. 393; Howell, K.A., Brannan, J.M., Bryan, C., McNeal, A., Davidson, E., Turner, H.L., Vu, H., Kuehne, A.J.C.R., Cooperativity Enables Non-Neutralizing Antibodies to Neutralize Ebolavirus (2017), 19, pp. 413-424; Ilinykh, P.A., Huang, K., Santos, R.I., Gilchuk, P., Gunn, B.M., Karim, M.M., Liang, J., Parekh, D.V.J.C.H., (2020), Microbe, Non-neutralizing Antibodies from a Marburg Infection Survivor Mediate Protection by Fc-Effector Functions and by Enhancing Efficacy of Other Antibodies; Moderbacher, C.R., Ramirez, S.I., Dan, J.M., Grifoni, A., Hastie, K.M., Weiskopf, D., Belanger, S., Choi, J., Antigen-specific adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in acute COVID-19 and associations with age and disease severity (2020) Cell, 183 (4), pp. 996-1012.e19; Guthmiller, J.J., Stovicek, O., Wang, J., Changrob, S., Li, L., Halfmann, P., Zheng, N.-Y., Dugan, H.L., SARS-CoV-2 infection severity is linked to superior humoral immunity against the spike, bioRxiv (2020); Wang, P., Liu, L., Nair, M.S., Yin, M.T., Luo, Y., Wang, Q., Yuan, T., Yamashita, M., SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses are more robust in patients with severe disease (2020) Emer. Microbes & Infect., pp. 1-15; Organization, W.H., WHO target product profiles for COVID-19 vaccines, Version; Food, D., Administration, Development and licensure of vaccines to prevent Covid-19: guidance for industry (2020), June; Kiyotani, K., Toyoshima, Y., Nemoto, K., Nakamura, Y., Bioinformatic prediction of potential T cell epitopes for SARS-Cov-2 (2020) J. Hum. Genet., 65, pp. 569-575; Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S.I., Mateus, J., Dan, J.M., Moderbacher, C.R., Rawlings, S.A., Sette, A., Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals (2020) Cell, 181 (7), pp. 1489-1501.e15; Fast, E., Chen, B., (2020), Potential T-cell and B-cell Epitopes of 2019-nCoV, bioRxiv 2020.2002.2019.955484; Grifoni, A., Sidney, J., Zhang, Y., Scheuermann, R.H., Peters, B., Sette, A., A Sequence Homology and Bioinformatic Approach Can Predict Candidate Targets for Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 671-680. , e672; Kim, Y.-C., Quan, F.-S., Compans, R.W., Kang, S.-M., Prausnitz, M.R., Formulation and coating of microneedles with inactivated influenza virus to improve vaccine stability and immunogenicity (2010) J. Control. Release, 142, pp. 187-195; Prausnitz, M.R., Mikszta, J.A., Cormier, M., Andrianov, A.K., Microneedle-Based Vaccines, Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza (2009), pp. 369-393. , Springer; Van Damme, P., Oosterhuis-Kafeja, F., Van der Wielen, M., Almagor, Y., Sharon, O., Levin, Y., Safety and efficacy of a novel microneedle device for dose sparing intradermal influenza vaccination in healthy adults (2009) Vaccine, 27, pp. 454-459; Kim, E., Erdos, G., Huang, S., Kenniston, T.W., Balmert, S.C., Carey, C.D., Raj, V.S., Haagmans, B.L., Microneedle array delivered recombinant coronavirus vaccines: immunogenicity and rapid translational development (2020) EBioMedicine, , 102743; Johnson-Weaver, B.T., Abraham, S.N., Staats, H.F., Innate Immunity-Based Mucosal Modulators and Adjuvants, Mucosal Vaccines (2020), pp. 167-183. , Elsevier; Kim, E., Attia, Z., Cormet-Boyaka, E., Boyaka, P.N., Toxin-Based Modulators for Regulation of Mucosal Immune Responses, Mucosal Vaccines (2020), pp. 185-201. , Elsevier; Travis, C.R., As plain as the nose on your face: the case for a nasal (mucosal) route of vaccine administration for covid-19 disease prevention (2020) Front. Immunol., 11, p. 2611; Krammer, F., SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development (2020) Nature, pp. 1-16; Bouvet, J.-P., Decroix, N., Pamonsinlapatham, P., Stimulation of local antibody production: parenteral or mucosal vaccination? (2002) Trends Immunol., 23, pp. 209-213; Thompson, J.M., Nicholson, M.G., Whitmore, A.C., Zamora, M., West, A., Iwasaki, A., Staats, H.F., Johnston, R.E., Nonmucosal alphavirus vaccination stimulates a mucosal inductive environment in the peripheral draining lymph node (2008) J. Immunol., 181, pp. 574-585; Clements, J.D., Freytag, L.C., Parenteral vaccination can be an effective means of inducing protective mucosal responses (2016) Clin. Vaccine Immunol., 23, pp. 438-441; Su, F., Patel, G.B., Hu, S., Chen, W., Induction of mucosal immunity through systemic immunization: phantom or reality? (2016) Human Vacc. Immunother., 12, pp. 1070-1079; Beyer, W., Palache, A., De Jong, J., Osterhaus, A., Cold-adapted live influenza vaccine versus inactivated vaccine: systemic vaccine reactions, local and systemic antibody response, and vaccine efficacy: a meta-analysis (2002) Vaccine, 20, pp. 1340-1353; Peiris, M., Leung, G.M., What can we expect from first-generation COVID-19 vaccines? (2020) Lancet (London, England), 396, pp. 1467-1469; Stephens, D.S., McElrath, M.J., COVID-19 and the Path to Immunity (2020) Jama, 324, pp. 1279-1281; Walsh, E.E., Falsey, A.R., A simple and reproducible method for collecting nasal secretions in frail elderly adults, for measurement of virus-specific IgA (1999) J. Infect. Dis., 179, pp. 1268-1273; Lipsitch, M., Dean, N.E., Understanding COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (2020) Science, 370 (6518), pp. 763-765; Shah, S.K., Miller, F.G., Darton, T.C., Duenas, D., Emerson, C., Lynch, H.F., Jamrozik, E., Kapulu, M., Ethics of controlled human infection to address COVID-19 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 832-834; Deming, M.E., Michael, N.L., Robb, M., Cohen, M.S., Neuzil, K.M., Accelerating development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines—the role for controlled human infection models (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383; Krause, P., Fleming, T.R., Longini, I., Henao-Restrepo, A.M., Peto, R., Dean, N., Halloran, M., Gilbert, P., COVID-19 vaccine trials should seek worthwhile efficacy (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 741-743; Bui, D.P., McCaffrey, K., Friedrichs, M., LaCross, N., Lewis, N.M., Sage, K., Barbeau, B., Braby, S., Racial and ethnic disparities among COVID-19 cases in workplace outbreaks by industry sector—Utah, March 6–June 5, 2020 (2020) Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep., 69, p. 1133; Goyal, M.K., Simpson, J.N., Boyle, M.D., Badolato, G.M., Delaney, M., McCarter, R., Cora-Bramble, D., Racial and/or Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children, Pediatrics, 146 (2020); C.f.D. Control, Prevention, COVID-19 Hospitalization and Death by Race/Ethnicity (2020); Krause, P.R., Gruber, M.F., Emergency use authorization of covid vaccines—safety and efficacy follow-up considerations (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383. , e106 PY - 2021 SN - 0169409X (ISSN) SP - 168-189 ST - Vaccine formulations in clinical development for the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection T2 - Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews TI - Vaccine formulations in clinical development for the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098505305&doi=10.1016%2fj.addr.2020.12.006&partnerID=40&md5=dbf693e3230e61bce7fd9eaa263ad7fd VL - 169 ID - 126 ER - TY - JOUR AD - UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Dept Ob/GYN/RS, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States Center for Global Development, Washington, DC, United States Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, United States Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, United States Department of Social Medicine and Center for Bioethics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, United States Center for Immunization Research, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States AU - Beigi, R. H. AU - Krubiner, C. AU - Jamieson, D. J. AU - Lyerly, A. D. AU - Hughes, B. AU - Riley, L. AU - Faden, R. AU - Karron, R. C2 - 33446385 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.074 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.07.006. Epub 2016 Oct 14.PMID: 27751641; (2020), https://www.acog.org/en/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-advisory/articles/2020/12/vaccinating-Pregnant-and-Lactating-Patients-Against-COVID-19, Vaccinating Pregnant and Lactating Patients Against COVID-19, Practice Advisory. Available at: Retrieved December 15UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099690773&doi=10.1016%2fj.vaccine.2020.12.074&partnerID=40&md5=82d56b3255669ba96a7a9b160940a913 IS - 6 J2 - Vaccine KW - administration and dosage clinical trial (topic) ethics female human legislation and jurisprudence pregnancy pregnancy complication pregnant woman prevention and control risk factor vaccination Clinical Trials as Topic COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Humans Pregnancy Complications, Infectious Pregnant Women Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: VACCD Correspondence Address: Beigi, R.H.; UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, United States; email: beigrh@upmc.edu Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19 Vaccines PY - 2021 SN - 0264410X (ISSN) SP - 868-870 ST - The need for inclusion of pregnant women in COVID-19 vaccine trials T2 - Vaccine TI - The need for inclusion of pregnant women in COVID-19 vaccine trials VL - 39 ID - 110 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Rhode Island Department of Corrections, Cranston, RI, United States Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown UniversityRI 02903, United States Department of Social Medicine and Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, United States Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States AU - Berk, J. AU - Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. AU - Murphy, M. AU - Chan, P. AU - Rich, J. C2 - 33617772 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00354-8 IS - 10277 J2 - Lancet KW - monoclonal antibody correctional facility drug therapy human immunology Rhode Island risk factor Antibodies, Monoclonal Correctional Facilities COVID-19 Humans Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: LANCA Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Monoclonal References: Macmadu, A., Berk, J., Kaplowitz, E., Mercedes, M., Rich, J.D., Brinkley-Rubinstein, L., COVID-19 and mass incarceration: a call for urgent action (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5, pp. e571-e572; Coronavirus (COVID-19) update: FDA authorizes monoclonal antibodies for treatment of COVID-19 (2020), https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibodies-treatment-covid-19, (Accessed 27 January 2021); Saloner, B., Parish, K., Ward, J.A., Dilaura, G., Dolovich, S., COVID-19 cases and deaths in federal and state prisons (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 602-603; Reinhart, E., Chen, D.L., Incarceration and its disseminations: COVID-19 pandemic lessons from Chicago's Cook County Jail (2020) Health Aff (Millwood), 39, pp. 1412-1418; McGinley, L., Monoclonal antibodies: overburdened hospitals are not offering this treatment against COVID-19 (2020), https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/12/31/covid-monoclonal-antibodies-unused/, (Accessed 27 January 2021)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101878308&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2821%2900354-8&partnerID=40&md5=fffeae38fca9f4e1cd6f354887dc41d4 PY - 2021 SN - 01406736 (ISSN) SP - 877-878 ST - MAb for symptomatic COVID-19 in correctional facilities: an important opportunity T2 - The Lancet TI - MAb for symptomatic COVID-19 in correctional facilities: an important opportunity VL - 397 ID - 63 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Federal Pandemic Unemployment Compensation (FPUC) provided unemployment insurance beneficiaries an extra $600 a week during the unprecedented economic downturn during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, but it initially expired in July 2020. We applied difference-in-differences models to nationally representative data from the Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey to examine changes in unmet health-related social needs and mental health among unemployment insurance beneficiaries before and after initial expiration of FPUC. The initial expiration was associated with a 10.79-percentage-point increase in risk for self-reported missed housing payments. Further, risk for food insufficiency, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms also increased among households that reported receiving unemployment insurance benefits, relative to the period when FPUC was in effect. As further unemployment insurance reform is debated, policy makers should recognize the potential health impact of unemployment insurance. © 2021 Project HOPE— The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc. AD - Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, and the Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Center for Primary Care, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States AU - Berkowitz, S. A. AU - Basu, S. C2 - 33600235 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01990 IS - 3 J2 - Health Aff. KW - adult anxiety cross-sectional study depression economic recession female government human insurance male mental health psychology questionnaire social support unemployment COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Government Programs Humans Surveys and Questionnaires LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: HEAFD Correspondence Address: Berkowitz, S.A.; Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, United States; email: berkowitz@med.unc.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, K23DK109200 Funding details: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK Funding text 1: Funding for Seth Berkowitz’s role on the study was provided by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive And Kidney Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under Award No. K23DK109200. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. In addition to his biographical affiliations, Sanjay Basu is also affiliated with the School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; and Ariadne Labs, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. [Published online February 18, 2021.] References: Gross Domestic Product, 2Nd Quarter 2020 (Advance Estimate) and Annual Up-Date [Internet], , https://www.bea.gov/news/2020/gross-domestic-product-2nd-quarter-2020-advance-estimate-and-annual-update, Washington (DC): BEA; 2020 Jul 30 [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Data-Bases, Tables, and Calculators by Subject: Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey, , https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000?years_option=all_years, In-ternet]. Washington (DC): BLS; 2020 Dec 28 [last updated 2021 Jan 12; cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Unemployment Insurance Weekly Claims Data, , https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/claims.asp, Washington (DC): Department of Labor; [last updated 2020 May 1; cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Carroll, C.D., Crawley, E., Slacalek, J., White, M.N., Modeling the Consump-Tion Response to the CARES Act [Internet], , https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w27876/w27876.pdf, Cambridge (MA): National Bureau of Economic Research; 2020 Sep [cited 2021 Feb 2]. (NBER Working Paper No. 27876). Available from; Renahy, E., Mitchell, C., Molnar, A., Muntaner, C., Ng, E., Ali, F., Connections between unemployment insurance, poverty, and health: A systematic review (2018) Eur J Public Health, 28 (2), pp. 269-275; Cylus, J., Glymour, M.M., Avendano, M., Health effects of unemployment benefit program generosity (2015) Am J Public Health, 105 (2), pp. 317-323; Cylus, J., Avendano, M., Receiving unemployment benefits may have pos-itive effects on the health of the unemployed (2017) Health Aff (Millwood), 36 (2), pp. 289-296; Berkowitz, S.A., Basu, S., Unemployment insurance, health-related social needs, health care access, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) JAMA Intern Med, , Epub ahead of print; Raifman, J., Bor, J., Venkataramani, A., Association between receipt of unemployment insurance and food in-security among people who lost employment during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States (2021) JAMA Netw Open, 4 (1); Gundersen, C., Ziliak, J.P., Food inse-curity and health outcomes (2015) Health Aff (Millwood), 34 (11), pp. 1830-1839; Bibbins-Domingo, K., Integrating so-cial care into the delivery of health care (2019) JAMA, , Sep 25. [Epub ahead of print; Seligman, H.K., Schillinger, D., Hunger and socioeconomic disparities in chronic disease (2010) N Engl J Med, 363 (1), pp. 6-9; Baggett, T.P., Berkowitz, S.A., Fung, V., Gaeta, J.M., Prevalence of housing problems among community health center patients (2018) JAMA, 319 (7), pp. 717-719; Taylor, L., Health Policy Brief: Housing and health: An overview of the literature Health Affairs, , https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hpb20180313.396577/full/, [serial on the Internet]. 2020 Jun 7 [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Cylus, J., Glymour, M.M., Avendano, M., Do generous unemployment benefit programs reduce suicide rates? A state fixed-effect analysis covering 1968–2008 (2014) Am J Epidemiol, 180 (1), pp. 45-52; O’Campo, P., Molnar, A., Ng, E., Renahy, E., Mitchell, C., Shankardass, K., Social welfare matters: A realist review of when, how, and why unemployment insurance impacts poverty and health (2015) Soc Sci Med, 132, pp. 88-94; Introduction to Unemployment Insurance, , https://www.cbpp.org/research/introduction-to-unemployment-insurance, [Internet]. Washington (DC): CBPP; 2008 Dec 15 [last updated 2014 Jul 30; cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Wandner, S.A., Four Decades of De-Clining Federal Leadership in the Federal-State Unemployment Insurance Program [Internet], , https://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1332&context=up_workingpapers, Kalamazoo (MI): W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; 2019 [cited 2021 Jan 12]. (Upjohn Institute Working Paper No. 27876). Available from; Desilver, D., Not All Unemployed People Get Unemployment Benefits; in Some States, Very Few Do [Inter-Net]., , https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/24/not-all-unemployed-people-get-unemployment-benefits-in-some-states-very-few-do/, Washington (DC): Pew Research Center; 2020 Apr 24 [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Collected Findings and Recommendations: 1994–1996, , https://oui.doleta.gov/dmstree/misc_papers/advisory/acuc/collected_findings/adv_council_94-96.pdf, Internet]. Washington (DC): The Council; 1996 [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Unemployment Compensation: Final Report [Internet]., , https://oui.doleta.gov/dmstree/misc_papers/advisory/ncuc/uc_studies_and_research/ncuc-final.pdf, Washington (DC): The Commission; 1980 Jul [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Monthly Program and Financial Data [Internet], , https://oui.doleta.gov/unemploy/claimssum.asp, Washington (DC): DOL; [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Ganong, P., Noel, P., Vavra, J., US unemployment insurance replacement rates during the pandemic (2020) J Public Econ, 191; Pallasch, J., (2019) Presidential Memoran-Dum on Authorizing the Other Needs Assistance Program for Major Di-Saster Declarations Related to Corona-Virus Disease, , https://wdr.doleta.gov/directives/attach/UIPL/UIPL_27-20.pdf, Internet]. Washington (DC): Department of Labor; 2020 Aug 8 [cited 2021 Feb 2]. Available from; Lost Wages Supplemental Payment Assistance Guidelines [In-Ternet], , https://www.fema.gov/disasters/coronavirus/governments/supplemental-payments-lost-wages-guidelines, Washington (DC): FEMA; [last updated 2020 Dec 23; cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Measuring Household Experiences during the Coro-Navirus Pandemic [Internet], , https://www.census.gov/householdpulsedata, Washington (DC): Census Bureau; [last updated 2020 Dec 31; cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Household Pulse Survey Technical Documentation [Internet], , https://www.census.gov/data/experimental-data-products/household-pulse-survey.html, Washington (DC): Census Bureau; [last updated 2021 Jan 12; cited 2021 Feb 2]. Available from; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: NHANES III (1988–1994), , https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/nhanes3/default.aspx, [Internet]. Hyattsville (MD): NCHS; 2020 Aug 4 [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Alaimo, K., Briefel, R.R., Frongillo, E.A., Jr., Olson, C.M., Food insufficiency exists in the United States: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1998) Am J Public Health, 88 (3), pp. 419-426; Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B.W., The Patient Health Question-naire-2: Validity of a two-item de-pression screener (2003) Med Care, 41 (11), pp. 1284-1292; Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R.L., Williams, J.B.W., Monahan, P.O., Löwe, B., Anxiety disorders in primary care: Preva-lence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection (2007) Ann Intern Med, 146 (5), pp. 317-325; Health Equity Consider-Ations and Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/racial-ethnic-minorities.html, [Internet]. Atlanta (GA): CDC; [last updated 2020 Jul 24; cited 2021 Jan 12] Available from; Ai, C., Norton, E.C., Interaction terms in logit and probit models (2003) Econ Lett, 80 (1), pp. 123-129; Karaca-Mandic, P., Norton, E.C., Dowd, B., Interaction terms in nonlinear models (2012) Health Serv Res, 47 (1), pp. 255-274. , Pt 1; To access the appendix, click on the Details tab of the article online; White, I.R., Royston, P., Wood, A.M., Multiple imputation using chained equations: Issues and guidance for practice (2011) Stat Med, 30 (4), pp. 377-399; Benjamini, Y., Hochberg, Y., Control-ling the false discovery rate: A prac-tical and powerful approach to multiple testing (1995) J R Stat Soc B, 57 (1), pp. 289-300; Storey, J.D., Taylor, J.E., Siegmund, D., Strong control, conservative point estimation, and simultaneous conservative consistency of false discovery rates: A unified approach (2004) J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol, 66 (1), pp. 187-205; GAO Cites Need for More Transpar-Ency around Vaccine Development and Testing, in Unemployment Numbers, and the Urgent Need to Address Medical Supply Shortages in New CARES Act Report, , https://www.gao.gov/about/press-center/press-releases/need_for_transparency_2020.htm, Internet]. Washington (DC): GAO; 2020 Nov 30 [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from; Ferrarini, T., Nelson, K., Sjöberg, O., Unemployment insurance and dete-riorating self-rated health in 23 European countries (2014) J Epidemiol Community Health, 68 (7), pp. 657-662; Reeves, A., Basu, S., McKee, M., Marmot, M., Stuckler, D., Austerity’s health ef-fects: A comparative analysis of European budgetary changes (2013) Eur J Public Health, 23, pp. 126-148; Stuckler, D., Reeves, A., Loopstra, R., Karanikolos, M., McKee, M., Austerity and health: The impact in the UK and Europe (2017) Eur J Public Health, 27, pp. 18-21; Brown, C., Daly, K., Creaky unemployment systems plague jobless Ameri-cans Axios, , https://www.axios.com/creaky-unemployment-systems-plague-jobless-americans-b5244634-f72b-4b33-a65d-dbc2f0f5492a.html, [serial on the Internet]. 2020 May 1 [cited 2021 Jan 12]. Available from PY - 2021 SN - 02782715 (ISSN) SP - 426-434 ST - Unmet social needs and worse mental health after expiration of covid-19 federal pandemic unemployment compensation T2 - Health Affairs TI - Unmet social needs and worse mental health after expiration of covid-19 federal pandemic unemployment compensation UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102536883&doi=10.1377%2fhlthaff.2020.01990&partnerID=40&md5=c80dd6bc1cafd09662381af4bd7838d9 VL - 40 ID - 73 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background The burden of COVID-19 in low-income and conflict-affected countries remains unclear, largely reflecting low testing rates. In parts of Yemen, reports indicated a peak in hospital admissions and burials during May-June 2020. To estimate excess mortality during the epidemic period, we quantified activity across all identifiable cemeteries within Aden governorate (population approximately 1 million) by analysing very high-resolution satellite imagery and compared estimates to Civil Registry office records. Methods After identifying active cemeteries through remote and ground information, we applied geospatial analysis techniques to manually identify new grave plots and measure changes in burial surface area over a period from July 2016 to September 2020. After imputing missing grave counts using surface area data, we used alternative approaches, including simple interpolation and a generalised additive mixed growth model, to predict both actual and counterfactual (no epidemic) burial rates by cemetery and across the governorate during the most likely period of COVID-19 excess mortality (from 1 April 2020) and thereby compute excess burials. We also analysed death notifications to the Civil Registry office over the same period. Results We collected 78 observations from 11 cemeteries. In all but one, a peak in daily burial rates was evident from April to July 2020. Interpolation and mixed model methods estimated ≈1500 excess burials up to 6 July, and 2120 up to 19 September, corresponding to a peak weekly increase of 230% from the counterfactual. Satellite imagery estimates were generally lower than Civil Registry data, which indicated a peak 1823 deaths in May alone. However, both sources suggested the epidemic had waned by September 2020. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first instance of satellite imagery being used for population mortality estimation. Findings suggest a substantial, under-ascertained impact of COVID-19 in this urban Yemeni governorate and are broadly in line with previous mathematical modelling predictions, though our method cannot distinguish direct from indirect virus deaths. Satellite imagery burial analysis appears a promising novel approach for monitoring epidemics and other crisis impacts, particularly where ground data are difficult to collect. © AD - Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Earth Observation, Satellite Applications Catapult, Didcot, United Kingdom Department of Community Medicine, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Besson, E. S. K. AU - Norris, A. AU - Ghouth, A. S. B. AU - Freemantle, T. AU - Alhaffar, M. AU - Vazquez, Y. AU - Reeve, C. AU - Curran, P. J. AU - Checchi, F. C7 - e004564 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004564 IS - 3 J2 - BMJ Glob. Health KW - COVID-19 epidemiology geographic information systems public Health LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Besson, E.S.K.; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, United Kingdom; email: emilie.koum-besson@lshtm.ac.uk Funding details: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, LSHTM Funding text 1: Funding The satellite imagery study was funded by the UK Foreign Commonwealth and Development Office through separate grants to the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and the Satellite Applications Catapult, Inc. References: (2020) Yemen Prepardness and Response Snapchot COVID-19. Reliefweb, , https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-covid-19-preparedness-and-response-snapshot-6-june-2020-enar; Stone, M., (2020) Coronavirus Will 'Delete Yemen from Maps All over the World' | World News | Sky News. Sky News, , https://news.sky.com/story/coronavirus-will-delete-yemen-from-maps-all-over-the-world-11989917; Devi, S., Fears of "highly catastrophic" COVID-19 spread in Yemen (2020) Lancet, 395, p. 1683; Pearson, C.A.B., (2020) Modelling Projections for COVID19 Epidemic in Yemen; (2020) COVID-19-Impact on Yemen, , https://www.acaps.org/special-report/covid-19-impact-yemen#:~:text=The%20country's%20infrastructure%20has%20been,health%20centres%20are%20fully%20functional.&text=COVID%2019%20risks%20are%20pulling,responses%20including%20cholera%20and%20dengue, ACAPS; Karasapan, O., (2020) Yemen and COVID-19: The Pandemic Exacts Its Devastating Toll. Brookings, , https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2020/06/15/yemen-and-covid-19-the-pandemic-exacts-its-devastating-toll/; Al-Shamahi, A., (2020) Yemen Coronavirus Cases Expected to Surge As un Aid Dries Up. Al Jazeera, , https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/24/yemen-coronavirus-cases-expected-to-surge-as-un-aid-dries-up/; (2020) A Tipping Point for Yemen's Health System: The Impact of COVID-19 in a Fragile State, , https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/fles/resources/A-Tipping-Point-for-Yemen%E2%80%99s-Health-System072020.pdf, MedGlobal; Mousavi, S.M., Anjomshoa, M., COVID-19 in Yemen: A crisis within crises (2020) Int J Equity Health, 19, p. 120; (2020) A Lot of People Die Quickly of Coronavirus COVID-19 in Yemen | Msf, , https://www.msf.org/lot-people-die-quickly-covid-19-yemen, Medecins Sans Frontieres; (2020), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkOCSQ_rhXo, Ruptly. Yemen: Taiz authorities struggle to dig enough graves due to coronavirus and ongoing confict-YouTube. Youtube; (2020) Cemeteries Overfow in Aden As COVID-19 Deaths Spike in Yemen. Al Jazeera, , https://www.aljazeera.com/videos/2020/05/25/cemeteries-overfow-in-aden-as-covid-19-deaths-spike-in-yemen/, Al Jazeera; Farmer, B., Mahmood, A., (2020) War, Starvation, Disease. Now Covid-19: Yemen 'Haunted by Death' As Coronavirus Cases Climb. Telegraph, , https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/science-and-disease/war-starvation-disease-now-covid-19-yemen-haunted-death-coronavirus/; (2020) Yemen Cemetery Struggles to Dig Enough Graves As Coronavirus Spreads | Reuters. Reuters, , https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-yemen-death/yemen-cemetery-struggles-to-dig-enough-graves-as-coronavirus-spreads-idUKKBN24A0XK, Reuters Staff; Zawiah, M., Al-Ashwal, F.Y., Saeed, R.M., Assessment of healthcare system capabilities and preparedness in Yemen to Confront the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: A perspective of healthcare workers (2020) Front Public Health, 8, p. 419; (2020) Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Daily Report, , https://twitter.com/YSNECCOVID19, Offcial account of Yemen Supreme National Emergency Committee for Covid19; Ali Maher, O., Pichierri, G., Farina, G., COVID-19 response and complex emergencies: The case of Yemen (2020) Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 14, pp. e27-e28; Dhabaan, G.N., Al-Soneidar, W.A., Al-Hebshi, N.N., Challenges to testing COVID-19 in confict zones: Yemen as an example (2020) J Glob Health, 10, p. 010375; Russell, T.W., Golding, N., Hellewell, J., Reconstructing the early global dynamics of under-ascertained COVID-19 cases and infections (2020) Bmc Med, 18, p. 332; Dureab, F., Al-Awlaqi, S., Jahn, A., COVID-19 in Yemen: Preparedness measures in a fragile state (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5, p. e311; Watson, O.J., (2020) Estimating Under-ascertainment of COVID-19 Mortality: An Analysis of Novel Data Sources to Provide Insight into COVID-19 Dynamics in Damascus Syria | Faculty of Medicine | Imperial College London, , https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-31-syria/, Imperial College; Pighi Bel, P., Horton, J., Coronavirus: What's Happening in Peru?-BBC News, , https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-53150808, BBC NEWS; Zulfqar, A., (2020) Coronavirus: How Iran Is Battling a Surge in Cases-BBC News, , https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/52959756, BBC NEWS; Beaney, T., Clarke, J.M., Jain, V., Excess mortality: The gold standard in measuring the impact of COVID-19 worldwide? (2020) J R Soc Med, 113, pp. 329-334; https://www.openstreetmap.org/, OpenStreetMap. OpenStreetMap; https://www.google.com/maps, Google Maps. Google maps; (2020) Orfeo Toolbox Is Not a Black Box, , Orfeo Toolbox; (2020) Acled Resources: War in Yemen, , https://acleddata.com/2020/03/25/acled-resources-war-in-yemen/, ACLED; Yemen, R., (2004) Population and Housing Census, , http://yemen-cso.microdatahub.com/en/index.php/catalog/2; (2015) Statistical Year Book-2015, , http://www.cso-yemen.com/content.php?lng=english&id=688, Yemen Statistical Organisation; (2018) Yemen-Population Counts. WorldPop, , https://www.worldpop.org/geodata/summary?id=6452, WorldPop; Abdelmagid, N., Checchi, F., (2018) Estimation of Population Denominators for the Humanitarian Health Sector Guidance for Humanitarian Coordination Mechanisms, , https://www.who.int/health-cluster/resources/publications/LSHTM-Population-Guidance-GHC-Nov2018.pdf?ua=1; Richards, J.A., Richards, J., (1999) Remote Sensing Digital Image Analysis., 3. , Heidelberg: Springer; Vargas Muñoz, J.E., Tuia, D., Falcão, A.X., Deploying machine learning to assist digital humanitarians: Making image annotation in OpenStreetMap more effcient (2020) Int J Geograph Inform Sci, 7, pp. 1-21; (2020) Image Annotation for Computer Vision: a Guide to Labeling Visual Data for Your Machine Learning Project, , https://go.cloudfactory.com/hubfs/02-Contents/2-eBooks/Image-Annotation-for-Computer-Vision-Guide.pdf, CLOUDFACTORY; (2020) Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project, , QGIS Geographic Information System, Available: QGIS.org; (2020) Yemeni Gravediggers Overwhelmed Amid Spike in Virus Deaths, , https://apnews.com/article/4ff7155b074703c629600dc5bfca968f, AP NEWS; Olofsen, E., Dahan, A., Using Akaike's information theoretic criterion in mixed-effects modeling of pharmacokinetic data: A simulation study (2014) F1000Res, 2, p. 71; Carrig, M.M., Wirth, R.J., Curran, P.J., A SAS macro for estimating and visualizing individual growth curves. Structural Equation Modeling (2004) A Multidisciplinary Journal, 11, pp. 132-149; Rigby, R.A., Stasinopoulos, D.M., Generalized additive models for location, scale and shape, (with discussion) (2005) Applied Statistics, 54, pp. 507-554; Curran, P.J., Obeidat, K., Losardo, D., Twelve frequently asked questions about growth curve modeling (2010) J Cogn Dev, 11, pp. 121-136; Stasinopoulos, D., Rigby, R., Heller, G., (2017) Flexible Regression Andsmoothing: Using Gamlss in R. Fexible Regression and Smoothing: Using Gamlss in R, , Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC; (2020) R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, , https://www.r-project.org/, R Core Team; Tallack, C., Finch, D., Mihaylova, N., (2020) Understanding Excess Deaths: Variation in the Impact of COVID-19 between Countries Regions and Localities, , London: The Health Foundation; Krelle, H., Barclay, C., Tallack, C., (2020) Understanding Excess Mortality What Is the Fairest Way to Compare COVID-19 Deaths Internationally?, , London: The Health Foundation; (2020) Global Dataset of Public Health and Social Measures: a Global Dataset., , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/phsm, World Health Organization; (2020) COVID-19 Community Mobility Report, , https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility?hl=en, COVID-19 Community Mobility Report; Quevedo-Ramirez, A., Al-Kassab-Córdova, A., Mendez-Guerra, C., Altitude and excess mortality during COVID-19 pandemic in Peru (2020) Respir Physiol Neurobiol, 281, p. 103512; (2020) Excess Mortality during the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19), , https://ourworldindata.org/excess-mortality-covid, Our World in Data; Wisniewska, A., (2020) Coronavirus Tracked: The Latest Fgures As Countries Fght Covid-19 Resurgence | Free to Read, , https://www.ft.com/content/a2901ce8-5eb7-4633-b89c-cbdf5b386938; Watson, O., Report 39: Characterising COVID-19 Epidemic Dynamics and Mortality Under-ascertainment in Khartoum Sudan, , https://www.imperial.ac.uk/mrc-global-infectious-disease-analysis/covid-19/report-39-sudan/; (2020) Yemen: State Narratives, Social Perceptions & Health Behaviours around COVID-19, , https://www.acaps.org/special-report/yemen-state-narratives-social-perceptions-health-behaviours-around-covid-19, ACAPS; (2019) World Population Prospects-population Division-United Nations, , https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Mortality/, United Nations, D. of E. & Social Affairs, P. D; Greenough, P.G., Nelson, E.L., Beyond mapping: A case for geospatial analytics in humanitarian health (2019) Conf Health, 13, p. 50 PY - 2021 SN - 20597908 (ISSN) ST - Excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: A geospatial and statistical analysis in Aden governorate, Yemen T2 - BMJ Global Health TI - Excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: A geospatial and statistical analysis in Aden governorate, Yemen UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103403406&doi=10.1136%2fbmjgh-2020-004564&partnerID=40&md5=eb0e30a7ad1a4d82d7289d09839ed8b3 VL - 6 ID - 56 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This contribution focuses on the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on dermatology practice. We discuss the impact on practice volume and procedures and on the considerable increase in teledermatology use. We also describe the important roles that dermatologists have played in enhancing infection prevention and on the frontline. During the crisis, dermatologists have faced the challenge of a shortage of resources, such as personal protective equipment, in the health care system. In addition, they have been involved in managing cutaneous manifestations related to COVID-19 and occupational disease caused by personal protective equipment. Dermatologists have made a diligent effort to identify melanoma and to ensure the treatment of high-risk skin cancers. Safety guidelines have been suggested to minimize the potential risks associated with the systemic use of immunosuppressant agents and immunomodulators in patients with severe inflammatory skin disease during the pandemic. Finally, social distancing necessitated that dermatology conferences take place virtually and teaching via e-learning increased. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd AD - Department of Dermatology, RD Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India Department of Dermatology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States University of Rome G. Marconi, Rome, Italy Bidar Skin CenterTehran, Iran University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Dermatology, Medical School of Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil AU - Bhargava, S. AU - Negbenebor, N. AU - Sadoughifar, R. AU - Ahmad, S. AU - Kroumpouzos, G. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2021.01.017 J2 - Clin. Dermatol. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CLDEE Correspondence Address: Kroumpouzos, G.; Department of Dermatology, United States; email: gk@gkderm.com References: Wollina, U., Challenges of COVID-19 pandemic for dermatology (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13430; Gisondi, P., Piaserico, S., Conti, A., Naldi, L., Dermatologists and SARS-CoV-2: the impact of the pandemic on daily practice (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. 1196-1201; Kumar, S., Bishnoi, A., Vinay, K., Changing paradigms of dermatology practice in developing nations in the shadow of COVID-19: lessons learnt from the pandemic (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13472; Fahmy, D.H., El-Amawy, H.S., El-Samongy, M.A., COVID-19 and dermatology: a comprehensive guide for dermatologists (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. 1388-1394; Muddasani, S., Housholder, A., Fleischer, A.B., An assessment of United States dermatology practices during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) J Dermatolog Treat, 31, pp. 436-438; Sheriff, T., Murrell, O.G.C., Murrell, D.F., Restructuring an academic dermatology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13684; Bhargava, S., Rokde, R., Rathod, D., Kroumpouzos, G., Employing dermatologists on the frontline against COVID-19: all hands on deck (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13420; Zheng, Y., Lai, W., Dermatology staff participate in fight against COVID-19 in China (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. e210-e211; Tao, J., Song, Z., Yang, L., Huang, C., Feng, A., Man, X., Emergency management for preventing and controlling nosocomial infection of the 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for the dermatology department (2020) Br J Dermatol, 182, pp. 1477-1478; Goren, A., Rathod, D., Kroumpouzos, G., Jafferany, M., Goldust, M., Safety measures in dermatology help minimize spread of COVID-19 (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13773; Yan, Y., Chen, H., Chen, L., Consensus of Chinese experts on protection of skin and mucous membrane barrier for health-care workers fighting against coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13310; Livingston, E., Desai, A., Berkwits, M., Sourcing personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1912-1914; Bhargava, S., Gupta, M., Kroumpouzos, G., Protection comes at a cost: doctor's life inside personal protection equipment (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13758; Goldust, M., Kroumpouzos, G., Murrell, D.F., Use of face masks in dermatology department during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13521; Recalcati, S., Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. e212-e213; Galván Casas, C., Català, A., Carretero Hernández, G., Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases (2020) Br J Dermatol, 183, pp. 71-77; Geskin, L.J., Trager, M.H., Aasi, S.Z., Perspectives on the recommendations for skin cancer management during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 83, pp. 295-296; Price, K.N., Frew, J.W., Hsiao, J.L., Shi, V.Y., COVID-19 and immunomodulator/immunosuppressant use in dermatology (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 82, pp. e173-e175; Goldust, M., Shivakumar, S., Kroumpouzos, G., Virtual conferences of dermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13774; Bhargava, S., Farabi, B., Rathod, D., Singh, A.K., The fate of major dermatology conferences and meetings of 2020: are e-conferences and digital learning the future? (2020) Clin Exp Dermatol, 45, pp. 759-761; Kwatra, S.G., Sweren, R.J., Grossberg, A.L., Dermatology practices as vectors for COVID-19 transmission: a call for immediate cessation of non-emergent dermatology visits (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 82, pp. e179-e180; Nazzaro, G., Marzano, A.V., Berti, E., What is the role of a dermatologist in the battle against COVID-19? The experience from a hospital on the frontline in Milan (2020) Int J Dermatol, 59, pp. e238-e239; Litchman, G.H., Rigel, D.S., The immediate impact of COVID-19 on US dermatology practices (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 83, pp. 685-686; Morrone, A., Cristaudo, A., Ardigò, M., Frascione, P., Giuliani, M., Rescheduling of clinical activities and teleconsulting for public dermatology. Two prompt answers to COVID-19 emergency (2020) Int J Dermatol, 59, pp. e237-e238; (2020), https://www.sidemast.org/, Societ_a Italiana di Dermatologia e Malattie Sessualmente Trasmissibili. Coronavirus vademecum. SIDeMaST. Available at: Accessed July 13; Temiz, S.A., Dursun, R., Daye, M., Ataseven, A., Evaluation of dermatology consultations in the era of COVID19 (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13642; Madigan, L.M., Micheletti, R.G., Shinkai, K., How dermatologists can learn and contribute at the leading edge of the COVID-19 global pandemic (2020) JAMA Dermatol, 156, pp. 733-734; Farshchian, M., Potts, G., Kimyai-Asadi, A., Mehregan, D., Daveluy, S., Outpatient teledermatology implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and lessons learned (2020) J Drugs Dermatol, 19, p. 683; Bressler, M.Y., Siegel, D.M., Markowitz, O., Virtual dermatology: a COVID-19 update (2020) Cutis, 105, pp. 163-165; Azar, A.M., II, Waiver or modification of requirements under Section 1135 of the Social Security Act (2020), https://www.phe.gov/emergency/news/healthactions/section1135/Pages/covid19-13March20.aspx, US Department of Health and Human Services Available at: Accessed June 16; Gupta, R., Ibraheim, M.K., Doan, H.Q., Teledermatology in the wake of COVID-19: advantages and challenges to continued care in a time of disarray (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 83, pp. 168-169; Lee, I., Kovarik, C., Tejasvi, T., Pizarro, M., Lipoff, J.B., Telehealth: helping your patients and practice survive and thrive during the COVID-19 crisis with rapid quality implementation (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 82, pp. 1213-1214; Villani, A., Scalvenzi, M., Fabbrocini, G., Teledermatology: A useful tool to fight COVID-19 (2020) J Dermatolog Treat, 31, p. 325; (2020), https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/5096139/Files/ThoughtLeadership_ATA/2019StateoftheStatessummary_final.pdf, American Telemedicine Association. 2019 State of the States: Coverage and reimbursement report. Available at: Accessed March 30; (2020), https://www.cchpca.org/resources/covid-19-related-state-actions, Center for Connected Health Policy website. COVID-19 related state actions. Available at: Accessed March 26; Caride, M., (2020) Use of telemedicine and telehealth to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, State of New Jersey, , https://www.state.nj.us/dobi/bulletins/blt20_07.pdf, Available at: Accessed March 30; Jakhar, D., Kaul, S., Kaur, I., WhatsApp messenger as a teledermatology tool during coronavirus disease (COVID-19): From bedside to phone-side (2020) Clin Exp Dermatol, 45, pp. 739-740; Duong, T.A., Velter, C., Rybojad, M., Did Whatsapp® reveal a new cutaneous COVID-19 manifestation? (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. e348-e350; Marchell, R., Locatis, C., Burgess, G., Maisiak, R., Liu, W.-L., Ackerman, M., Patient and provider satisfaction with teledermatology (2017) Telemed J E Health, 23, pp. 684-690; Mounessa, J.S., Chapman, S., Braunberger, T., A systematic review of satisfaction with teledermatology (2018) J Telemed Telecare, 24, pp. 263-270; Türsen, Ü., Türsen, B., Lotti, T., Coronavirus-days in dermatology (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13438; Türsen, Ü., Türsen, B., Lotti, T., Aesthetic dermatology procedures in coronavirus days (2020) J Cosmet Dermatol, 19, pp. 1822-1825; Leatham, H., Guan, L., Chang, A.L.S., Unintended widespread facial autoinoculation of varicella by home microneedling roller device (2018) JAAD Case Rep, 4, pp. 546-547; Wang, C.K., Complications of thread lift about skin dimpling and thread extrusion (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13446; Abraham, R.F., DeFatta, R.J., Williams, E.F., 3rd, Thread-lift for facial rejuvenation: assessment of long-term results (2009) Arch Facial Plast Surg, 11, pp. 178-183; Alfano, M., Rizzi, C., Corti, D., Adduce, L., Poli, G., Bacterial toxins: potential weapons against HIV infection (2005) Curr Pharm Des, 11, pp. 2909-2926; Türsen, Ü., Connective tissue disorders and cosmetical procedures (2018) J Turk Acad Dermatol, 12. , 18123r1; Cieślik-Bielecka, A., Bold, T., Ziółkowski, G., Pierchała, M., Królikowska, A., Paweł Reichert, P., Antibacterial activity of leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma: an in vitro study (2018) Biomed Res Int, 2018; Ng, J.N., Cembrano, K.A.G., Wanitphakdeedecha, R., Manuskiatti, W., The aftermath of COVID-19 in dermatology practice: what's next? (2020) J Cosmet Dermatol, 19, p. 1826; Geller, C., Varbanov, M., Duval, R.E., Human coronaviruses: insights into environmental resistance and its influence on the development of new antiseptic strategies (2012) Viruses, 4, pp. 3044-3068; Li, Y., Duan, S., Yu, I.T., Wong, T.W., Multi-zone modeling of probable SARS virus transmission by airflow between flats in Block E, Amoy Gardens (2005) Indoor Air, 15, pp. 96-111; Hoenig, L.J., The eye and COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Clin Dermatol, 38, p. 506; Vukkadala, N., Qian, Z.J., Holsinger, F.C., Patel, Z.M., Rosenthal, E., COVID-19 and the otolaryngologist: preliminary evidence-based review (2020) Laryngoscope, 130, pp. 2537-2543; Lu, C.W., Liu, X.F., Jia, Z.F., 2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored (2020) Lancet, 395, p. e39; Gottlieb, M., Long, B., Dermatologic manifestations and complications of COVID-19 (2020) Am J Emerg Med, 38, pp. 1715-1721; Goldust, M., Kroumpouzos, G., Murrell, D.F., Update on COVID-19 effects in dermatology specialty (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13523; Elgarhy, L.H., Salem, M.L., Could injured skin be a reservoir for SARS-COV2 virus spread? (2020) Clin Dermatol, 38, pp. 762-763; Ghazal, S., Litvinov, I.V., Aljahani, N., Jfri, A., Netchiporouk, E., Cutaneous manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection—what do we know so far? (2020) J Cutan Med Surg, 24, pp. 416-417; Tang, K., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Zheng, Q., Fang, R., Sun, Q., Cutaneous manifestations of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): a brief review (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13528; Wollina, U., Karadağ, A.S., Rowland-Payne, C., Chiriac, A., Lotti, T., Cutaneous signs in COVID-19 patients: a review (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13549; Criado, P.R., Abdalla, B.M.Z., de Assis, I.C., van Barcum de Graaff Mello, C., Caputo, G.C., Vieira, I.C., Are the cutaneous manifestations during or due to SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 frequent or not? Revision of possible pathophysiologic mechanisms (2020) Inflamm Res, 69, pp. 745-756; Zaladonis, A., Huang, S., Hsu, S., COVID toes or pernio? (2020) Clin Dermatol, 38, pp. 764-767; Hoenig, L.J., Update on the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 (2020) Clin Dermatol, 38, p. 507; Ho, B., Ray, A., A case for palliative dermatology: COVID-19–related dermatoses (2020) Clin Dermatol, 38, pp. 768-769; Hoenig, L.J., Pereira, F.A., Eruption as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19: photographs of a patient (2020) Clin Dermatol, 38, pp. 502-505; Henry, D., Ackerman, M., Sancelme, E., Finon, A., Esteve, E., Urticarial eruption in COVID-19 infection (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. e244-e245; Genovese, G., Colonna, C., Marzano, A.V., Varicella-like exanthem associated with COVID-19 in an 8-year-old girl: a diagnostic clue? (2020) Pediatr Dermatol, 37, pp. 435-436; Hedou, M., Carsuzaa, F., Chary, E., Hainaut, E., Cazenave-Roblot, F., Masson Regnault, M., Comment on “Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective” by Recalcati S (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. e299-e300; Lipsker, D., Paraviral eruptions in the era of COVID-19: do some skin manifestations point to a natural resistance to SARS-CoV-2? (2020) Clin Dermatol, 38, pp. 757-761; Sadoughifar, R., Goldust, M., Kroumpouzos, G., Szepietowski, J.C., Lotti, T., Sandhu, S., Dermatologic treatments in the era of COVID-19 pandemic-data and hypothesis (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13562; Arora, G., Kroumpouzos, G., Kassir, M., Solidarity and transparency against the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13359; Payne, A., Covid-19: skin damage with prolonged wear of FFP3 masks (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1743; Zhang, B., Zhai, R., Ma, L., 2019 novel coronavirus disease epidemic: Skin protection for healthcare workers must not be ignored (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. e434-e435; Darlenski, R., Tsankov, N., COVID-19 pandemic and the skin: what should dermatologists know? (2020) Clin Dermatol, 38, pp. 785-787; Kannangara, A.P., Reply: Introducing special cutaneous “sign” tribute to healthcare workers managing “SARS-CoV-2” (COVID-19) (2020) Clin Dermatol, 38, pp. 782-783; Kannangara, A.P., Reply: introducing special cutaneous “sign” tribute to healthcare workers managing new coronavirus disease (COVID -19)—new additions [e-pub ahead of print] (2020) Clin Dermatol, , accessed February 16, 2021; Lan, J., Song, Z., Miao, X., Skin damage among health care workers managing coronavirus disease-2019 (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 82, pp. 1215-1216; Goldust, M., Abdelmaksoud, A., Navarini, A.A., Hand disinfection in the combat against COVID-19 (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. e454-e455; Schwartz, R.A., Pradhan, S., Galadari, H., Lotti, T., Sharma, A., Goldust, M., Shifting dermatology market strategies from cosmetics to moisturizers and sanitizers treatments in COVID-19 era (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13806; Murrell, D.F., Arora, G., Rudnicka, L., Kassir, M., Lotti, T., Goldust, M., A dermatologist's perspective of the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13538; Zhang, H., Tang, K., Fang, R., Sun, Q., What dermatologists could do to cope with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a dermatologist's perspective from China (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. e211-e212; Tagliaferri, L., Di Stefani, A., Schinzari, G., Skin cancer triage and management during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 34, pp. 1136-1139; Gentileschi, S., Caretto, A.A., Tagliaferri, L., Salgarello, M., Peris, K., Skin cancer plastic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Eur J Surg Oncol, 46, pp. 1194-1195; Der Sarkissian, S.A., Kim, L., Veness, M., Yiasemides, E., Sebaratnam, D.F., Recommendations on dermatologic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 83, pp. e29-e30; (2020), https://www.nccn.org/covid-19/pdf/NCCN-NMSC.pdf, National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Advisory statement for non-melanoma skin cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Available at: Accessed June 12; (2020), https://www.nccn.org/covid-19/pdf/Melanoma.pdf, National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Short-term recommendations for cutaneous melanoma management during COVID-19 pandemic. Available at: Accessed June 16; (2020), http://www.bad.org.uk/shared/get-file.ashx?itemtype=document&;id=6658, British Association of Dermatologists and British Society for Dermatological Surgery COVID-19—Skin cancer surgery guidance. Clinical guidance for the management of skin cancer patients during the coronavirus pandemic. Available at: Accessed June 12; Skulsky, S.L., O'Sullivan, B., McArdle, O., Review of high-risk features of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and discrepancies between the American Joint Committee on Cancer and NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology (2017) Head Neck, 39, pp. 578-594; Baumann, B.C., MacArthur, K.M., Brewer, J.D., Management of primary skin cancer during a pandemic: multidisciplinary recommendations (2020) Cancer, 126, pp. 3900-3906; Galimberti, F., McBride, J., Cronin, M., Evidenced-based best practice advice for patients treated with systemic immunosuppressants in relation to COVID-19 (2020) Clin Dermatol, 38, pp. 775-780; (2020), https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected, World Health Organization. Clinical management of COVID-19. Available at: Accessed June 28; (2020), https://www.aad.org/member/practice/managing/coronavirus, American Academy of Dermatology. Guidance on the use of biologic agents during COVID-19 outbreak. Available at: Accessed June 27; Farabi, B., Bhargava, S., Goldust, M., Atak, M.F., Comment on “Psoriasis, COVID-19, and acute respiratory distress syndrome: focusing on the risk of concomitant biological treatment.” (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13840; Di Lernia, V., Reply: “Biologics for psoriasis during COVID-19 outbreak.” (2020) J Am Acad Dermatol, 82, pp. e217-e218; Conforti, C., Giuffrida, R., Dianzani, C., Di Meo, N., Zalaudek, I., COVID-19 and psoriasis: is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? A call for action (2020) Dermatol Ther, 33, p. e13298; Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94, pp. 91-95; Reinholz, M., French, L., Medical education and care in dermatology during the SARS-CoV2 pandemia: challenges and chances (2020) J Eur Acad Dermatology Venereol, 34, pp. e214-e216 PY - 2021 SN - 0738081X (ISSN) ST - Global impact on dermatology practice due to the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Clinics in Dermatology TI - Global impact on dermatology practice due to the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101394513&doi=10.1016%2fj.clindermatol.2021.01.017&partnerID=40&md5=2ba0cc724aad1ee2596ca81b146755ae ID - 182 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH, United States AU - Bhatia, M. AU - Kumar, P. A. C2 - 33288430 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.11.027 IS - 3 J2 - J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. KW - hypertensive factor inotropic agent assisted circulation cardiogenic shock cardiovascular system coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity hospital mortality human hypertension Note priority journal resuscitation Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 veno-arterial ECMO LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JCVAE Correspondence Address: Bhatia, M.; University of North Carolina School of Medicine, N2198 UNC Hospitals, CB 7010, United States; email: meena_bhatia@med.unc.edu References: (2020), https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. Available at: Accessed September 21; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Wiersinga, W.J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A.C., Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 782-793; Ryan, P.M., Caplice, N., COVID-19 and relative angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 deficiency: Role in disease severity and therapeutic response (2020) Open Heart, 7; McFayden, J.D., Stevens, H., Peter, K., The emerging threat of micro thrombosis in COVID-19 and its therapeutic implications (2020) Circ Res, 127, pp. 571-587; Klok, F.A., Kruip, M.J.H.A., van der Meer, N.J.M., Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19 (2020) Thrombosis Res, 191, pp. 145-147; Madjid, M., Safavi-Naeini, P., Solomon, S.D., Potential effects of coronavirus on the cardiovascular system: A review (2020) JAMA Cardiol, 5, pp. 831-840; Driggin, E., Madhavan, M.V., Bikdeli, B., Cardiovascular considerations for patients, health care workers, and health systems during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol, 75, pp. 2352-2371; Li, B., Yang, J., Zhao, F., Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China (2020) Clin Res Cardiol, 109, pp. 531-538; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1061-1069; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Xiong, T.Y., Redwood, S., Prendergast, B., Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: Acute and long-term implications (2020) Eur Heart J, 41, pp. 1798-1800; Schmidt, M., Burrell, A., Roberts, L., Predicting survival after ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock: The survival after veno-arterial-ECMO (SAVE)-score (2015) Eur Heart J, 36, pp. 2246-2256; Xie, A., Phan, K., Tsai, Y., Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest: A meta-analysis (2015) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 29, pp. 637-645; (2020), https://www.elso.org/Portals/0/IGD/Archive/FileManager/e76ef78eabcusersshyerdocumentselsoguidelinesforadultcardiacfailure1.3.pdf, Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. Guidelines for adult cardiac failure. Available at: Accessed September 26; Basir, M.B., Schreiber, T.L., Grines, C.L., Effect of early initiation of mechanical circulatory support on survival in cardiogenic shock (2017) Am J Cardiol, 119, pp. 845-851; Chow, J., Alhussaini, A., Calvillo-Argüelles, O., Cardiovascular collapse in COVID-19 infection: The role of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2020) CJC Open, 2, pp. 273-277; (2020), https://www.elso.org/Portals/0/Files/pdf/ELSO%20covid%20guidelines%20final.pdf, Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. COVID-19 interim guidelines. Available at: Accessed September 28; Barbaro, R.P., MacLaren, G., Boonstra, P.S., Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in COVID-19: An international cohort study of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 1071-1078; Bemtgen, X., Krüger, K., Supady, A., First successful treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 induced refractory cardiogenic plus vasoplegic shock by combination of percutaneous ventricular assist device and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report (2020) ASAIO J, 66, pp. 607-609; Akoluk, A., Mazahir, U., Douedi, S., Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 treated with VA-ECLS and catheter tPA (2020) Clin Med Insights Circ Resp Pulm Med, 14, pp. 1-3; Fiore, A., Clinical feedback from experience with COVID-19: Specific considerations for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (2020) J Infect, 81, pp. e59-e60; Ruan, Q., Yang, K., Wang, W., Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China (2020) Intensive Care Med, 46, pp. 846-848; Zangrillo, A., Beretta, L., Scandroglio, A.M., Characteristics, treatment, outcomes and cause of death of invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS in Milan, Italy (2020) Crit Care Resusc, 22, pp. 200-211; Zeng, Y., Cai, Z., Xianyu, Y., Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: A retrospective case series (2020) Crit Care, 24, p. 148; Jacobs, J., Stammers, A., St. Louis, J., Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the treatment of severe pulmonary and cardiac compromise in COVID-19: Experience with 32 patients (2020) ASAIO J, 66, pp. 722-730 PY - 2021 SN - 10530770 (ISSN) SP - 703-706 ST - Pro: Venoarterial ECMO Should Be Considered in Patients With COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia TI - Pro: Venoarterial ECMO Should Be Considered in Patients With COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097471321&doi=10.1053%2fj.jvca.2020.11.027&partnerID=40&md5=1ce8b54786c419ad0e7d3d1e26f3dc32 VL - 35 ID - 95 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated cancer treatment disparities, including accessibility to resources. We describe the process and outcomes of a new proactive, virtual nurse-led, resource center navigation model enhanced by using volunteer patient navigators. Using known patient risk factors, this model provides interventions to reduce barriers to care, with an emphasis on non-English-speaking populations. Methods: Patients were included if they (1) were in active cancer treatment and (2) had one or more known risk factors: distance from cancer hospital, needing complex care, 65 years or older, malignant hematological diagnosis, new treatment start, lives alone, non-English speaker, or a new hospital discharge. Nurse navigators triaged referrals to appropriate team members who identified and addressed barriers to care. Results: The program engaged with 586 adult cancer patients over 1459 encounters. The most common risk factors included distance (59.7%), complex care (48.8%), and new treatment start (43.5%). The most common interventions were core education (69.4%), emotional support (61.2%), and education (35.7%). Statistical differences were found between Spanish-speaking (n = 118) and non-Spanish-speaking patients (n = 468). While Spanish-speaking patients had fewer risk factors (1.95 vs. 2.80, p ≤.0001), they had nearly double the number of visits (4.27 vs. 2.04, p ≤.0001) and 69% more interventions (8.26 vs. 4.90, p ≤.0001). Many patients (42.7%) required follow-up visits. Conclusion: We successfully established a new navigation model for the resource center during the pandemic that identified and reduced barriers to care, particularly in the Spanish-speaking population. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. AD - Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, North Carolina Cancer Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Bigelow, S. M. AU - Hart, E. AU - Shaban, T. AU - Rao, P. AU - Khan, A. A. AU - Baskaron, M. AU - Baker, P. AU - Schwartz, T. A. AU - Mayer, D. K. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s00520-021-06147-3 J2 - Supportive Care Cancer KW - Cancer Patient navigation Resource center Risk factors Spanish-speaking Volunteers LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SCCAE Correspondence Address: Bigelow, S.M.; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States; email: Sharon.bigelow@unchealth.unc.edu Funding details: 6650-SP Funding text 1: Deborah K. Mayer, Ph.D., RN, AOCN®, FAAN receives partial support from the Duke Endowment Fund Grant 6650-SP. References: Hanna, T.P., King, W.D., Thibodeau, S., Jalink, M., Paulin, G.A., Harvey-Jones, E., O’Sullivan, D.E., Aggarwal, A., Mortality due to cancer treatment delay: systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) BMJ, 371, p. m4087; Freeman, H.P., Rodriguez, R.L., History and principles of patient navigation (2011) Cancer, 117, pp. 3539-3542; Lopez, D., Pratt-Chapman, M.L., Rohan, E.A., Sheldon, L.K., Basen-Engquist, K., Kline, R., Shulman, L.N., Flores, E.J., Establishing effective patient navigation programs in oncology (2019) Support Care Cancer, 27 (6), pp. 1985-1996; Tho, P.C., Ang, E., The effectiveness of patient navigation programs for adult cancer patients undergoing treatment: a systematic review (2016) JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep, 14 (2), pp. 295-321; Wells, K.J., Campbell, K., Kumar, A., Clark, T., Jean-Pierre, P., Effects of patient navigation on satisfaction with cancer care: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) Support Care Cancer, 26 (5), pp. 1369-1382; Barrington, D.A., Dilley, S.E., Landers, E.E., Thomas, E.D., Boone, J.D., Straughn, J.M., Jr., McGwin, G., Jr., Leath, C.A., 3rd, Distance from a comprehensive cancer center: a proxy for poor cervical cancer outcomes? (2016) Gynecol Oncol, 143 (3), pp. 617-621; (2018) Health-care utilization as a proxy in disability determination, , The National Academies Press, Washington, DC; Syed, S.T., Gerber, B.S., Sharp, L.K., Traveling towards disease: transportation barriers to health care access (2013) J Community Health, 38 (5), pp. 976-993; Aquina, C.T., Mohile, S.G., Tejani, M.A., Becerra, A.Z., Xu, Z., Hensley, B.J., Arsalani-Zadeh, R., Fleming, F.J., The impact of age on complications, survival, and cause of death following colon cancer surgery (2017) Br J Cancer, 116 (3), pp. 389-397; Smith, A.W., Reeve, B.B., Bellizzi, K.M., Harlan, L.C., Klabunde, C.N., Amsellem, M., Bierman, A.S., Hays, R.D., Cancer, comorbidities, and health-related quality of life of older adults (2008) Health Care Financ Rev, 29 (4), pp. 41-56. , PID: 18773613; Sogaard, M., Thomsen, R.W., Bossen, K.S., Sorensen, H.T., Norgaard, M., The impact of comorbidity on cancer survival: a review (2013) Clin Epidemiol, 5, pp. 3-29; Sarfati, D., Koczwara, B., Jackson, C., The impact of comorbidity on cancer and its treatment (2016) CA Cancer J Clin, 66 (4), pp. 337-350; Vijenthira, A., Gong, I.Y., Fox, T.A., Booth, S., Cook, G., Fattizzo, B., Martin Moro, F., Hicks, L.K., Outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 3377 patients (2020) Blood., 136, pp. 2881-2892; Passamonti, F., Cattaneo, C., Arcaini, L., Bruna, R., Cavo, M., Merli, F., Angelucci, E., Corradini, P., Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with haematological malignancies in Italy: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study (2020) Lancet Haematol, 7 (10), pp. e737-e745; Xiao, H., Quan, H., Pan, S., Yin, B., Luo, W., Tang, M., Ouyang, Y., Tang, W., Incidence, causes and risk factors for 30-day readmission after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a retrospective study of 2,023 patients (2018) Sci Rep, 8 (1), p. 10582; Rudd, R.E., Health literacy considerations for a new cancer prevention initiative (2019) Gerontologist, 59, pp. S7-S16; Halbach, S.M., Enders, A., Kowalski, C., Pfortner, T.K., Pfaff, H., Wesselmann, S., Ernstmann, N., Health literacy and fear of cancer progression in elderly women newly diagnosed with breast cancer--a longitudinal analysis (2016) Patient Educ Couns, 99 (5), pp. 855-862; Cavalli-Bjorkman, N., Qvortrup, S.S., Pfeiffer, P., Wentzel-Larsen, T., Glimelius, B., Sorbye, H., Lower treatment intensity and poorer survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients who live alone (2012) Br J Cancer, 107 (1), pp. 189-194; Hwang, T.J., Rabheru, K., Peisah, C., Reichman, W., Ikeda, M., Loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Int Psychogeriatr, 32 (10), pp. 1217-1220; Tan, L., Gallego, G., Nguyen, T.T.C., Bokey, L., Reath, J., Perceptions of shared care among survivors of colorectal cancer from non-English-speaking and English-speaking backgrounds: a qualitative study (2018) BMC Fam Pract, 19 (1), p. 134; Qureshi, M.M., Romesser, P.B., Jalisi, S., Zaner, K.S., Cooley, T.P., Grillone, G., Kachnic, L.A., Truong, M.T., The influence of limited English proficiency on outcome in patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (2014) Patient Educ Couns, 97 (2), pp. 276-282; Ray, E.M., Hinton, S.P., Reeder-Hayes, K.E., Risk factors for healthcare utilization in patients with newly diagnosed advanced lung cancer (2019) J Clin Oncol, 37, p. 111; Donze, J., Aujesky, D., Williams, D., Schnipper, J.L., Potentially avoidable 30-day hospital readmissions in medical patients: derivation and validation of a prediction model (2013) JAMA Intern Med, 173 (8), pp. 632-638; Donze, J.D., Lipsitz, S., Schnipper, J.L., Risk factors and patterns of potentially avoidable readmission in patients with cancer (2017) J Oncol Pract, 13 (1), pp. e68-e76; Konstantinos, T., Gavriatopoulou, M., Schizas, D., Oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges, dilemmas and the psychosocial impact on cancer patients (review) (2020) Oncol Lett, 20, pp. 441-447; Jayasekera, J., Onukwugha, E., Cadham, C., Harrington, D., Tom, S., Pradel, F., Naslund, M., An ecological approach to monitor geographic disparities in cancer outcomes (2019) PLoS One, 14 (6); Karliner, L.S., Kim, S.E., Meltzer, D.O., Auerbach, A.D., Influence of language barriers on outcomes of hospital care for general medicine inpatients (2010) J Hosp Med, 5 (5), pp. 276-282; Al Shamsi, H., Almutairi, A.G., Al Mashrafi, S., Al Kalbani, T., Implications of language barriers for healthcare: a systematic review (2020) Oman Med J, 35 (2) PY - 2021 SN - 09414355 (ISSN) ST - A new proactive virtual resource center navigation model identifies patient risk factors to reduce barriers to cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Supportive Care in Cancer TI - A new proactive virtual resource center navigation model identifies patient risk factors to reduce barriers to cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103429510&doi=10.1007%2fs00520-021-06147-3&partnerID=40&md5=a6b78cd6e97f38b3144ecded4127369b ID - 154 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While studies of urban acoustics are typically restricted to the audio range, anthropogenic activity also generates infrasound (<20 Hz, roughly at the lower end of the range of human hearing). Shutdowns related to the COVID-19 pandemic unintentionally created ideal conditions for the study of urban infrasound and low frequency audio (20-500 Hz), as closures reduced human-generated ambient noise, while natural signals remained relatively unaffected. An array of infrasound sensors deployed in Las Vegas, NV, provides data for a case study in monitoring human activity during the pandemic through urban acoustics. The array records a sharp decline in acoustic power following the temporary shutdown of businesses deemed nonessential by the state of Nevada. This decline varies spatially across the array, with stations close to McCarran International Airport generally recording the greatest declines in acoustic power. Further, declines in acoustic power fluctuate with the time of day. As only signals associated with anthropogenic activity are expected to decline, this gives a rough indication of periodicities in urban acoustics throughout Las Vegas. The results of this study reflect the city's response to the pandemic and suggest spatiotemporal trends in acoustics outside of shutdowns. © 2021 Acoustical Society of America. AD - Geophysical Detection Programs, Sandia National Laboratories, 1515 Eubank Southeast, MS 0404, Albuquerque, NM 87123, United States Advanced Technologies Division, Nevada National Security Site, P.O. Box 98521, Las Vegas, NV 89193-8521, United States Nevada National Security Site, P.O. Box 98521, Las Vegas, NV 89193-8521, United States Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina, 104 South Road, CB #3315, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3315, United States AU - Bird, E. J. AU - Bowman, D. C. AU - Seastrand, D. R. AU - Wright, M. A. AU - Lees, J. M. AU - Dannemann Dugick, F. K. C2 - 33765803 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1121/10.0003777 IS - 3 J2 - J. Acoust. Soc. Am. KW - Audition Acoustic power Anthropogenic activity Human activities Human hearing International airport Monitoring change Spatiotemporal trends Urban acoustics Audio acoustics acoustics city communicable disease control devices environmental monitoring human Nevada noise pandemic prevention and control procedures Cities COVID-19 Humans Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JASMA Correspondence Address: Bird, E.J.; Geophysical Detection Programs, 1515 Eubank Southeast, MS 0404, United States; email: elibird@live.unc.edu References: Albert, D.G., Decato, S.N., Acoustic and seismic ambient noise measurements in urban and rural areas (2017) Appl. Acoust., 119, pp. 135-143; Andersen, K.G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W.I., Holmes, E.C., Garry, R.F., The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 450-452; Bowman, J.R., Baker, G.E., Bahavar, M., Ambient infrasound noise (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 (9), p. L09803. , https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL022486; Bradford, A., (2020) Las Vegas casinos welcoming guests after long shutdown, , https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/casinos-gaming/las-vegas-casinos-welcoming-guests-after-long-shutdown-2044745/, Last viewed March 8, 2021; Brown, A.L., Gjestland, T., Dubois, D., (2016) Acoustic Environments and Soundscapes, , CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL; Davis, J., (2002) Statistics and Data Analysis in Geology, , Wiley, New York; Ding, J., Van Der A, R.J., Eskes, H.J., Mijling, B., Stavrakou, T., Van Geffen, J.H.G.M., Veefkind, J.P., NOx emissions reduction and rebound in China due to the COVID-19 crisis (2020) Geophys. Res. Lett., 47 (19). , https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089912; Donn, W.L., Balachandran, N.K., Kaschak, G., Atmospheric infrasound radiated by bridges (1974) J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 56, pp. 1367-1370; Evers, L.G., Infrasound monitoring in the Netherlands (2005) Nederlands Akoestisch Genootschap, 176, pp. 1-11; Evers, L.G., Assink, J.D., Smets, P.S.M., Infrasound from the 2009 and 2017 DPRK rocket launches (2018) Geophys. J. Int., 213, p. 1785; Lecocq, T., Hicks, S.P., Van Noten, K., Van Wijk, K., Koelemeijer, P., De Plaen, R.S.M., Massin, F., Xiao, H., Global quieting of high-frequency seismic noise due to COVID-19 pandemic lockdown measures (2020) Science, 369 (6509), pp. 1338-1343; Le Pichon, A., Blanc, E., Hauchecorne, A., (2010) Infrasound Monitoring for Atmospheric Studies, , Springer Science and Business Media, New York; Le Pichon, A., Garcés, M.A., Blanc, E., Barthélémy, M., Drob, D.P., Acoustic propagation and atmosphere characteristics derived from infrasonic waves generated by the Concorde (2002) J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 111 (1), pp. 629-641; Marcillo, O., Arrowsmith, S.J., Blom, P., Jones, K.R., On infrasound generated by wind farms and its propagation in low-altitude tropospheric waveguides (2015) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, p. 9855. , https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022821; Marcillo, O.E., Maceira, M., Chai, C., Gammans, C., Hunley, R., Young, C., The local seismoacoustic wavefield of a research nuclear reactor and its response to reactor power level (2020) Seismol. Res. Lett., 92 (1), pp. 378-387; Matoza, R.S., Landés, M., Le Pichon, A., Ceranna, L., Brown, D., Coherent ambient infrasound recorded by the International Monitoring System (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, pp. 429-433; Mccomas, S., Hayward, C., Pace, M., Simpson, C., Mckenna, M., Stump, B., Infrasound monitoring in non-traditional environments (2018) J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 144, p. 3201; Mccomas, S., Whitlow, R.D., Taylor, M.H.M., Review of wide-area geophysical urban infrastructure monitoring techniques (2020) Leading Edge, 39 (9), pp. 631-638; Mcginness, B., (2020) Barbers, restaurants, more: These businesses can reopen in Nevada's phase 1 reopening plan, , https://www.rgj.com/story/news/2020/05/07/these-businesses-can-reopen-nevadas-phase-1-reopening/3092295001/, Last viewed March 8, 2021; Messerly, M., Valley, J., Solis, J., Snyder, R., (2020) Sisolak orders statewide closure of nonessential businesses, including casinos, following in footsteps of other states, , https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/sisolak-to-order-statewide-closure-of-non-essential-businesses-including-casinos-following-in-footsteps-of-other-states, Last viewed March 8, 2021; Montano, W., Gushiken, E., Lima soundscape before confinement and during curfew. airplane flights suppressions because of Peruvian lockdown (2020) J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 148 (4), pp. 1824-1830; Park, J., Arrowsmith, S.J., Hayward, C., Stump, B., Blom, P., Automatic infrasound detection and location of sources in the western United States (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, pp. 7773-7798. , https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JD021084; Park, J., Che, I.-Y., Stump, B., Hayward, C., Dannemann, F., Jeong, S., Kwong, K., Wright, V., Characteristics of infrasound signals from North Korean underground nuclear explosions on 2016 January 6 and September 9 (2018) Geophys. J. Int., 214, pp. 1865-1885; Parker, M., Spennemann, D.H.R., Anthropause on audio: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on church bell ringing and associated soundscapes in New South Wales (Australia) (2020) J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 148, p. 3102; Sadler, J., (2020) Nevada in 'uncharted territory': Sisolak declares state of emergency to address coronavirus, , https://lasvegassun.com/news/2020/mar/12/nevada-in-uncharted-territory-sisolak-declares-sta/, Last viewed March 8, 2021; Said, G., Arias, A., Carilli, L., Stasi, A., Urban noise measurements in the city of Buenos Aires during the mandatory quarantine (2020) J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 148, p. 3149; Snyder, R., Rindels, M., Valley, J., (2020) Sisolak issues guidance on 'non-essential' business shutdown amid questions, confusion from local governments and industry, , https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/sisolak-ordered-non-essential-business-shutdown-draws-questions-confusion-from-local-governments-and-industry, Last viewed March 8, 2021; (2020) Tourist mecca Las Vegas sees Nevada's first coronavirus case, , https://www.staradvertiser.com/2020/03/05/breaking-news/tourist-mecca-las-vegas-sees-nevadas-first-coronavirus-case/, Star Advertiser Associated Press. (Last viewed March 8, 2021); Turner, A.J., Kim, J., Fitzmaurice, H., Newman, C., Worthington, K., Chan, K., Wooldridge, P.J., Cohen, R.C., Observed impacts of COVID-19 on urban CO2emissions (2020) Geophys. Res. Lett., 47 (22). , https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090037, e2020GL090037; Whitlow, R.D., Haskins, R., Mccomas, S.L., Crane, C.K., Howard, I.L., Mckenna, M.H., Remote bridge monitoring using infrasound (2019) J. Bridge Eng., 24 (5) PY - 2021 SN - 00014966 (ISSN) SP - 1796-1802 ST - Monitoring changes in human activity during the COVID-19 shutdown in Las Vegas using infrasound microbarometers T2 - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America TI - Monitoring changes in human activity during the COVID-19 shutdown in Las Vegas using infrasound microbarometers UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102830250&doi=10.1121%2f10.0003777&partnerID=40&md5=6c0a28f74ce214a6edfd365c06170de8 VL - 149 ID - 69 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The recent global pandemic revealed just how unprepared faculty and doctoral students at many U.S. colleges and universities were to teach online. In this study, we investigate the extent to which current and recently graduated doctoral students are prepared to teach online, how they are rewarded for those online teaching skills, and how they could be more effectively prepared. To answer these questions, we surveyed the beliefs of doctoral students and recently graduated faculty members from a Midwestern private university and a Southeastern state university regarding online teaching preparedness compared with those of faculty, department chairs, and deans. We also used data from a summer teaching pilot program to explore best practices for improving doctoral students’ preparation to teach online. Findings suggest that educating doctoral students to teach in a virtual world can increase students’ confidence and ability to teach in this mode and can be cost effective if offered across disciplines. However, while doctoral students believe that online competency is important in hiring and tenure decisions, deans and department chairs do not necessarily agree, and few schools provide meaningful preparation for online teaching to their doctoral students. © 2021, The Online Learning Consortium. All rights reserved. AD - St. Mary’s University San Antonio, United States Austin Peay State University, United States Creighton University, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Bishop-Monroe, R. AU - Di Paolo Harrison, B. M. AU - Knight, M. E. AU - Corritore, C. AU - York, A. S. AU - Rybarczyk, B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.24059/olj.v25i1.2446 IS - 1 J2 - Online Learn. J. KW - COVID-19 Doctoral student education Online learning Online teaching Online teaching preparedness LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF Funding text 1: This research was among the first to focus on doctoral students’ attitudes toward online teaching and their readiness to engage in the online teaching mode. A key limitation of our study is its relatively small sample size. Larger sample sizes would allow more fine-grained analysis by such variables as discipline, gender, and ethnic and racial identification. Future research might use databases such as those available through CIRTL (the Center for the Integration of Research, Teaching and Learning), a professional development program for doctoral and post-doctoral students initially funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), especially now that CIRTL has begun to offer asummeronlineoceudeverlopmsentseminar. References: Adams, J., Corbett, A., Experiences of traditional and non-traditional college students (2010) Perspectives, 1 (2), pp. 1-29; Ajzen, I., Joyce, N., Sheikh, S., Cote, N., Knowledge and the prediction of behavior: The role of information accuracy in the Theory of Planned Behavior (2011) Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 33, pp. 101-117; Allen, I., Seaman, J., Staying the Course: Online Education in the United States, 2008 (2008), http://www.sloan-c.org/publications/, Sloan Consortium; Allen, I., Seaman, J., (2015) Grade Level: Tracking Online Learning in the United States, , Babson Survey Research Group and Quahog Research Group, LLC. Nov. 30; Allgood, S., Hoyt, G., McGoldrick, K.M., Teacher training for Ph.D. students and new faculty in economics (2018) The Journal of Economic Education, 49 (2), pp. 209-219; Austin, A., Preparing the next generation of faculty: Graduate school as socialization to the academic career (2002) Journal of Higher Education, 73 (1), pp. 94-122; Berry, S., Teaching to connect: Community-building strategies for the virtual classroom (2019) Online Learning, 23 (1), pp. 164-183. , http://dx.doi.org/10.24059/olj.v23i1.1425; Betts, K., Heaston, A., Build it but will they teach? Strategies for increasing faculty participation & retention in online & blended education (2014) Online Learning, 17 (2); Bonner, R. L., Stone, C. B., Mittal, S., Phillips, W., Utecht, R. L., Preparing academics to teach: Example of a structured method of preparing doctoral students in business programs to teach (2020) Journal of Management Education, , 1052562920907132; Borden, L. L., (2011) Mapping the range of graduate student professional development, , New Forums Press; Borup, J., Evmenova, A. S., The effectiveness of professional development in overcoming obstacles to effective online instruction in a college of education (2019) Online Learning, 23 (2), pp. 1-20; Bourelle, T., Preparing graduate students to teach online: Theoretical and pedagogical practices (2016) WPA: Writing Program Administration, 40 (1), pp. 90-113; Bussmann, S., Johnson, S., Oliver, R., Forsythe, K., Grandjean, M., Lebsock, M., Luster, T., On the recognition of quality online course design in promotion and tenure: A survey of higher ed institutions in the Western United States (2017) Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 20 (1); Cassuto, L., How can graduate programs and students prepare for an uncertain Fall? (2020), https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-can-graduate-programs-and-students-prepare-for-an-uncertain-fall, Chronicle of Higher Education, May 22; Chan, K. C., Farrell, B. R., Healy, P., Wong, A., Ranking of accounting doctoral programs based on student ratings in RateMyProfessors.com and the effect of formal teaching training on the rankings (2019) International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 14 (1), pp. 307-324; Chapman, D., Contingent and tenured/tenure-track faculty: Motivations and incentives to teach distance (2011) Online Journal of Distance Education Administration, 14 (3); Connolly, M. R., Lee, Y. G., Savoy, J. N., The effects of doctoral teaching development on early-career STEM scholars’ college teaching self-efficacy (2018), https://www.lifescied.org/doi/full/10.1187/cbe.17-02-0039, CBE—Life Sciences Education (The American Society for Cell Biology); Crozier, M., Chapin, M., Thomas, J., Bell, C., (2012) Training doctoral students to teach online, , https://www.counseling.org/docs/default-source/vistas/training-doctoral-students-to-teach-online.pdf?sfvrsn=faae7008_10; Darby, F., Be a better online teacher (2020), http://www.chronicle.com/interactives/advice-online-teaching, The Chronicle of Higher Education; Dimeo, J., (2017) Teaching teachers to teach online, , https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/article/2017/10/11/how-colleges-train-instructors-teach-online-courses, Inside Higher Ed; Ellis, H., Pursuing the conundrum of nontraditional students’ attrition and persistence: A follow-up study (2019) College Student Journal, 53 (4), pp. 439-449; Flayerty, C., (2019) Online conversation shines a spotlight on graduate programs that teach students how to teach – and those programs that don’t, , https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2019/12/13/online-conversation-shines-spotlight-graduate-programs-teach-students-how-teach, Inside Higher Ed. Dec. 13; Freeman, L., Instructor time requirements to develop and teach online courses (2015) Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 18 (1). , http://www.westga.edu/~distance/ojdla/spring181/freeman181.html; Fulton, C., The doctoral transition to teacher: Enabling effective instructors in universities (2018) Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal, 9 (2); Gallo, P., Corritore, C., Wichman, C., York, A., Trusting the simplicity of the ultimate question: A customer satisfaction approach to student evaluations (2015) Journal of Innovative Education Strategies, 4 (1), pp. 51-66; Gerlich, R., Faculty perceptions of distance learning (2005) Distance Education Report, 9 (17), p. 8; Hall, O., Assessing faculty attitudes toward technological change in graduate management education (2013) MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 9 (1), pp. 39-51; Harris, H., Martin, E., Student motivations for choosing online classes (2012) International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 6 (2), pp. 1-8; Jaggars, S., Rivera, M., Hance, E., Heckler, A., (2020) COVID-19 Teaching and Learning Survey, , Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University; Kafka, S., Zooming through Spring 2020: Students, professors share struggles in adjusting to online class (2020) The Daily Cardinal, , April 29; Kolowich, S., Exploring the future of the learning management system (2019) International Journal of Innovations in Online Education, 2 (2). , Kipp, K., (2012). Conflicted: Faculty and online education 2012. Inside Higher Ed, June 21; Lackey, K., Faculty development: An analysis of current and effective training strategies for preparing faculty to teach online (2011) Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 14 (4). , Lederman, D. (2020). Evaluating teaching during the pandemic. Inside Higher Ed. April 8; Madhavaram, S., Laverie, D., Developing pedagogical competence: Issues and implications for marketing education (2010) Journal of Marketing Education, 32 (2), pp. 197-213; Martin, F., Budhrani, K., Wang, C., Examining faculty perception of their readiness to teach online (2019) Online Learning, 23 (3), pp. 97-119; Martin, F., Bollinger, D., Engagement matters: Student perceptions on the importance of engagement strategies in the online learning environment (2018) Online Learning, 22 (1), pp. 205-222; Marx, R. D., Garcia, J. E., Butterfield, D. A., Kappen, J. A., Baldwin, T. T., Isn’t it time we did something about the lack of teaching preparation in business doctoral programs? (2016) Journal of Management Education, 40 (5), pp. 489-515; Pallis, A., Quiros, P., Adult learning principles and presentation pearls (2014) Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology, 21 (2), pp. 114-122; Protopsaltis, S., Baum, S., (2019) Does online education live up to its promise? A look at evidence and implications for federal policy, , Center for Educational Policy Evaluation. George Mason University; Reicheld, F., (2006) The ultimate question: Driving good profits and true growth, , Harvard Business School Press; Roddy, C., Amiet, D., Chung, J., Holt, C., Shaw, L., McKenzie, S., Garivaldis, F., Mundy, M., Applying best practice online learning, teaching, and support to intensive online environments: An integrative review (2017) Frontiers in Education, , https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2017.00059, November 21; Rhode, J., Krishnamurthi, M., Preparing faculty to teach online: Recommendations for developing self-paced training (2016) International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 6 (5). , http://www.ijiet.org/vol6/717-T0017.pdf; Rhode, J., Richter, S., Gowen, P., Miller, T., Wills, C., Understanding faculty use of the learning management system (2017) Online Learning, 21 (3), pp. 68-86; Schell, G., Universities marginalize online courses (2004) Communications of the ACM, 47 (7), pp. 53-56; Schmidt, S., Tschida, C., Hodge, E., How faculty learn to teach online: What administrators need to know (2016) Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 19 (1), pp. 1-10; Schram, L., Wright, L., Teaching mentorship programs for graduate student development (2011) Mapping the Range of Graduate Student Professional Development, Studies in Graduate and Professional Student Development, 14. , ed. L. Border, 2011, New Forums. Stillwater, Oklahoma; Shortlidge, E. E., Eddy, S. L., The trade-off between graduate student research and teaching: A myth? (2018) PloS one, 13 (6), p. e0199576; von Hoene, L., Graduate student teaching certificates: Survey of current programs (2011) Studies in Graduate and Professional Student Development, 14, pp. 101-124; von Hoene, L., Mintz, J., 6: Research on faculty as teaching mentors: Lessons learned from a study of participants in UC Berkeley’s seminar for faculty who teach with graduate students instructors (2002) To Improve the Academy, 20 (1), pp. 77-93; Winter, K., Kent, J., Bradshaw, R., (2018) Preparing Future Faculty (PFF): A Framework for Program Design and Evaluation at the University Level, , National Council of Graduate Schools. Washington, D.C; Wolcott, L. L., (Or 2009?) Tenure, promotion, and distance education: Examining the culture of faculty rewards (1997) American Journal of Distance Education, 11 (2), pp. 3-18; York, A., (2019) Interviews on various aspects of doctoral student training with former and current deans, including Dean Steve Matson and Dean Suzanne Barbour, of the UNC-Chapel Hill Graduate School, , (-2020) PY - 2021 SN - 24725749 (ISSN) SP - 166-181 ST - Preparing doctoral students to teach in an increasingly virtual world: A response to covid-19 and beyond T2 - Online Learning Journal TI - Preparing doctoral students to teach in an increasingly virtual world: A response to covid-19 and beyond UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102736664&doi=10.24059%2folj.v25i1.2446&partnerID=40&md5=d4a0edaea845c84027e93851b7e66f84 VL - 25 ID - 168 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective: To assess health equity-oriented COVID-19 reporting across Canadian provinces and territories, using a scorecard approach. Methods: A scan was performed of provincial and territorial reporting of five data elements (cumulative totals of tests, cases, hospitalizations, deaths, and population size) across three units of aggregation (province or territory level, health regions, and local areas) (15 “overall” indicators), and for four vulnerable settings (long-term care and detention facilities, schools, and homeless shelters) and eight social markers (age, sex, immigration status, race/ethnicity, healthcare worker status, occupational sector, income, and education) (180 “equity-related” indicators) as of December 31, 2020. Per indicator, one point was awarded if case-delimited data were released, 0.7 points if only summary statistics were reported, and 0 if neither was provided. Results were presented using a scorecard approach. Results: Overall, information was more complete for cases and deaths than for tests, hospitalizations, and population size denominators needed for rate estimation. Information provided on jurisdictions and their regions, overall, tended to be more available (average score of 58%, “D”) than that for equity-related indicators (average score of 17%, “F”). Only British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario provided case-delimited data, with Ontario and Alberta providing case information for local areas. No jurisdiction reported on outcomes according to patients’ immigration status, race/ethnicity, income, or education. Though several provinces reported on cases in long-term care facilities, only Ontario and Quebec provided detailed information for detention facilities and schools, and only Ontario reported on cases within homeless shelters and across occupational sectors. Conclusion: One year into the pandemic, socially stratified reporting for COVID-19 outcomes remains sparse in Canada. However, several “best practices” in health equity-oriented reporting were observed and set a relevant precedent for all jurisdictions to follow for this pandemic and future ones. © 2021, The Canadian Public Health Association. AD - Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Blair, A. AU - Warsame, K. AU - Naik, H. AU - Byrne, W. AU - Parnia, A. AU - Siddiqi, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.17269/s41997-021-00496-6 J2 - Can. J. Public Health KW - Canada COVID-19 Disease outbreaks Health equity Social determinants of health Socio-economic conditions LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CJPEA Correspondence Address: Blair, A.; Division of Epidemiology, Canada; email: alexandra.blair@utoronto.ca Funding details: Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé, FRQS Funding details: Canada Research Chairs Funding text 1: AB receives postdoctoral funding from the Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Santé. AS is supported by the Canada Research Chair in Population Health Equity. References: Agic, B., McKeown, D., McKenzie, K., Pinto, A., Sinha, S., (2013), http://www.stmichaelshospital.com/quality/equity-data-collection-report.pdf, We ask because we care: the Tri-Hospital + TPH Health Equity Data Collection Research Project Report, Toronto, Canada, Accessed 22 Feb 2021; Blair, A., Siddiqi, A., Frank, J., Canadian report card on health equity across the life-course: analysis of time trends and cross-national comparisons with the United Kingdom (2018) SSM-population health, 6, pp. 158-168; Blair, A., Parnia, A., Siddiqi, A., A time-series analysis of testing and COVID-19 outbreaks in Canadian federal prisons to inform prevention and surveillance efforts (2021) Can Commun Dis Rep, 47 (1), pp. 66-76. , &, (,).,., (,):., https://doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i01a10; Brison, S., (2018), https://www.opengovpartnership.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Canada_Action-Plan_2018-2020_EN.pdf, Canada’s 2018-2020 National Action Plan on Open Government, Accessed 22 Feb 2021; (2020) Proposed Standards for Race-Based and Indigenous Identity Data Collection and Health Reporting in Canada, , https://www.cihi.ca/en/proposed-standards-for-race-based-and-indigenous-identity-data.Accessed22Feb2021; (2020) COVID-NET: Covid-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network, , https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_5.html, Accessed 22 June 2020; Chen, J.T., Waterman, P.D., Krieger, N., COVID-19 and the unequal surge in mortality rates in Massachusetts, by city/town and ZIP Code measures of poverty, household crowding, race/ethnicity, and racialized economic segregation (2020) Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies Working Paper Series; Childs, S., Palmieri, S., (2020) A primer for parliamentary action gender sensitive responses to COVID-19, , https://www.unwomen.org/-/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2020/a-primer-for-parliamentary-action-gender-sensitive-responses-to-covid-19-en.pdf?la=en&vs=2013, Accessed 22 Feb 2021; Chung, H., Fung, K., Ferreira-Legere, L.E., Chen, B., Ishiguro, L., Kalappa, G., Gozdyra, P., Schull, M.J., (2020) COVID-19 Laboratory Testing in Ontario: Patterns of Testing and Characteristics of Individuals Tested, as of April 30, 2020., , https://www.ices.on.ca/Publications/Atlases-and-Reports/2020/COVID-19-Laboratory-Testing-in-Ontario, Toronto, Canada, Accessed 22 Feb 2021; (2020) Correctional Service of Canada: Inmate COVID-19 Testing in Federal Correctional Institutions, , https://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/001/006/001006-1014-en.shtml, April 21, 2020, Accessed 21 Apr 2020; (2020) Situation of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Montreal, , https://santemontreal.qc.ca/en/public/coronavirus-covid-19/situation-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-in-montreal/#c43674, Accessed 23 June 2020; Frank, J.W., Matsunaga, E., National monitoring systems for health inequalities by socioeconomic status – an OECD snapshot (2020) Critical Public Health, pp. 1-8. , &, (,).,., https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2020.1862761; (2019) Data Standards for the Identification and Monitoring of Systemic Racism., , https://files.ontario.ca/solgen_data-standards-en.pdf, Accessed 29 June 2020; Hsu, A.T., Lane, N., Sinha, S.K., Dunning, J., Dhuper, M., Kahiel, Z., Sveistrup, H., Impact of COVID-19 on residents of Canada’s long-term care homes–ongoing challenges and policy response (2020) International Long-Term Care Policy Network, 17. , https://ltccovid.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/LTCcovid-country-reports_Canada_Hsu-et-al_May-10-2020-2.pdf, Accessed 22 Feb 2021; (2020) COVID-19 in Iowa: Positive Case Analysis, , https://coronavirus.iowa.gov/pages/case-counts, . Accessed 22 June 2020; Lindquist, E.A., Huse, I., Accountability and monitoring government in the digital era: promise, realism and research for digital-era governance (2017) Canadian Public Administration, 60 (4), pp. 627-656. , &; Manitoba First Nations COVID-19 Pandemic Response Coordination Team (2021) First Nations COVID-19 Bulletin, , https://www.fnhssm.com/covid-19, Accessed 28 Jan 2021; (2018) Mental Health and Addictions System Performance in Ontario: A Baseline Scorecard, , https://www.ices.on.ca/Publications/Atlases-and-Reports/2018/MHASEF, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, ISBN 978-1-926850-79-5, Accessed 22 Feb 2021; Moore, J.T., Ricaldi, J.N., Rose, C.E., Fuld, J., Parise, M., Kang, G.J., (2020), https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6933e1external, Disparities in incidence of COVID-19 among underrepresented racial/ethnic groups in counties identified as hotspots during June 5–18, 2020 — 22 states, February–June, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep; Naylor, C.D., (2003) Learning from SARS: Renewal of Public Health in Canada: A Report of the National Advisory Committee on SARS and Public Health: National Advisory Committee; (2020) COVID-19: Current Situation - Current Cases, , https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-current-situation/covid-19-current-cases#dhbs, . Accessed 22 June 2020; Pathak, B., Menard, J., Salemi, J., (2020) The Coronavirus in Kids (COVKID) Tracking and Education Project: State Report Card., , https://www.covkidproject.org/state-report-card, Accessed 22 Feb 2021; (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Epidemiology Update., , https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/epidemiological-summary-covid-19-cases.html#a8, Accessed 19 June 2020; (2020), https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/phac-aspc/documents/services/diseases/2019-novel-coronavirus-infection/health-professionals/2019-nCoV-case-report-form-en.pdf, . Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) case report form - October 1, 2020, Accessed 28 Jan 2021; (2020) Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) 2018–19 Departmental Results Report: Supplementary Information Tables, , https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/corporate/transparency/corporate-management-reporting/departmental-performance-reports/2018-2019-supplementary-information-tables.html, . Accessed 28 Jan 2021; (2013), https://www.ourcommons.ca/Content/Committee/412/PACP/WebDoc/WD6272639/Action_Plans/10-PHACActionPlan-e.htm, Public Health Agency of Canada, Health Canada, & Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Health Portfolio Action Plan and Progress Report in response to audit findings and recommendations contained in Chapter 5 “Promoting Diabetes Prevention and Control” of the Spring 2013 report of the Auditor General of Canada, . Accessed 28 Jan 2021; https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/ncov/epi/2020/12/covid-19-school-outbreaks-cases-epi-summary.pdf?la=en, Public Health Ontario. (2020a). COVID-19 in Ontario: elementary and secondary school outbreaks and related cases, August 30, 2020 to November 7, 2020, Accessed 28 Jan 2021; (2020) Learning Exchange: Discussion on Local Socio-Economic Data during COVID-19, June 24, 2020 - Recorded Webinar., , https://pho.adobeconnect.com/pdqpi9f8uyz7/, Accessed 29 June 2020; Richard, L., Booth, R., Rayner, J., Clemens, K.K., Forchuk, C., Shariff, S.Z., Testing, infection and complication rates of COVID-19 among people with a recent history of homelessness in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study (2021) CMAJ Open, 9 (1), pp. E1-e9; Roy, J., Open data and open governance in Canada: a critical examination of new opportunities and old tensions (2014) Future Internet, 6 (3), pp. 414-432; Semenza, J.C., Lindgren, E., Balkanyi, L., Espinosa, L., Almqvist, M.S., Penttinen, P., Rocklov, J., Determinants and drivers of infectious disease threat events in Europe (2016) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 22 (4), pp. 581-589. , &, (,),.,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2204; Solar, O., Irwin, A., (2010) A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health, , https://www.who.int/sdhconference/resources/ConceptualframeworkforactiononSDH_eng.pdf, WHO Document Production Services, Accessed 22 Feb 2021; Stachenko, S., Challenges and opportunities for surveillance data to inform public health policy on chronic non-communicable diseases: Canadian perspectives (2008) Public Health, 122 (10), pp. 1038-1041; (2020) COVID-19 Infection in Toronto: Ethno-Racial Identity and Income. COVID-19: Status of Cases in Toronto, , https://www.toronto.ca/home/covid-19/covid-19-latest-city-of-toronto-news/covid-19-status-of-cases-in-toronto/, Accessed 11 Aug 2020; (2020) COVID-19 Data., , https://www.ukdataservice.ac.uk/get-data/themes/covid-19/covid-19-data.aspx, Accessed 19 June 2020; (2020) Coronavirus Locations: COVID-19 Map by County and State - COVID-19 Deaths Dataset, , https://usafacts.org/visualizations/coronavirus-covid-19-spread-map/, Accessed 23 June 2020; (2020), https://web.archive.org/web/20200130204239/, World Health Organization. (,. Pneumonia of unknown cause – China, 5 January 2020. Disease outbreak news. [Web Archive], https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/. Accessed 27 Jan 2021UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103028877&doi=10.17269%2fs41997-021-00496-6&partnerID=40&md5=786d8cd63eb31e3ab1e427026287bc3b PY - 2021 SN - 00084263 (ISSN) ST - Identifying gaps in COVID-19 health equity data reporting in Canada using a scorecard approach T2 - Canadian Journal of Public Health TI - Identifying gaps in COVID-19 health equity data reporting in Canada using a scorecard approach ID - 162 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Antiviral drug development for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is occurring at an unprecedented pace, yet there are still limited therapeutic options for treating this disease. We hypothesized that combining drugs with independent mechanisms of action could result in synergy against SARS-CoV-2, thus generating better antiviral efficacy. Using in silico approaches, we prioritized 73 combinations of 32 drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 and then tested them in vitro. Sixteen synergistic and eight antagonistic combinations were identified; among 16 synergistic cases, combinations of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug nitazoxanide with remdesivir, amodiaquine, or umifenovir were most notable, all exhibiting significant synergy against SARS-CoV-2 in a cell model. However, the combination of remdesivir and lysosomotropic drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, demonstrated strong antagonism. Overall, these results highlight the utility of drug repurposing and preclinical testing of drug combinations for discovering potential therapies to treat COVID-19. © 2020 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy Sixteen synergistic drug combinations against SARS-CoV-2 were identified in silico and confirmed experimentally. Combinations of nitazoxanide with remdesivir, amodiaquine, or umifenovir exhibited significant synergy against SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir combined with hydroxychloroquine or other lysosomotropic drugs resulted in strong antagonism. © 2020 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy AD - Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States AU - Bobrowski, T. AU - Chen, L. AU - Eastman, R. T. AU - Itkin, Z. AU - Shinn, P. AU - Chen, C. Z. AU - Guo, H. AU - Zheng, W. AU - Michael, S. AU - Simeonov, A. AU - Hall, M. D. AU - Zakharov, A. V. AU - Muratov, E. N. C2 - 33333292 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.12.016 IS - 2 J2 - Mol. Ther. KW - combination therapy COVID-19 CPE assay drug combinations drug repurposing drug synergy in silico design knowledge mining nitazoxanide remdesivir combo SARS-CoV-2 adenosine phosphate alanine antivirus agent hydroxychloroquine remdesivir drug combination drug effect drug potentiation drug therapy human Adenosine Monophosphate Antiviral Agents Drug Synergism Humans LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: MTOHC Correspondence Address: Muratov, E.N.; Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, United States; email: murik@email.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Zakharov, A.V.; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), United States; email: alexey.zakharov@nih.gov Chemicals/CAS: adenosine phosphate, 61-19-8, 8063-98-7; alanine, 56-41-7, 6898-94-8; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5; remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; Drug Combinations; Hydroxychloroquine; remdesivir Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 1U01CA207160, OT2R002514, OT3TR002020 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS Funding text 1: Data-mining tools used in this study were developed under the Biomedical Data Translator Initiative of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) (grants OT3TR002020 and OT2R002514 ) and under support of the NIH (grant 1U01CA207160 ). This research was also supported by the Intramural Research Programs of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, United States . References: Einav, S., Sobol, H.D.D., Gehrig, E., Glenn, J.S.S., The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS4B RNA binding inhibitor clemizole is highly synergistic with HCV protease inhibitors (2010) J. Infect. Dis., 202, pp. 65-74; Sun, W., He, S., Martínez-Romero, C., Kouznetsova, J., Tawa, G., Xu, M., Shinn, P., Motabar, O., Synergistic drug combination effectively blocks Ebola virus infection (2017) Antiviral Res., 137, pp. 165-172; Chou, T.C., Theoretical basis, experimental design, and computerized simulation of synergism and antagonism in drug combination studies (2006) Pharmacol. Rev., 58, pp. 621-681; Sun, X., Vilar, S., Tatonetti, N.P., High-Throughput Methods for Combinatorial Drug Discovery (2013) Sci. Transl. Med, 5, p. 205rv1; Choudhary, S., Silakari, O., Scaffold morphing of arbidol (umifenovir) in search of multi-targeting therapy halting the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with ACE2 and other proteases involved in COVID-19 (2020) Virus Res., 289, p. 198146; Vankadari, N., Arbidol: A potential antiviral drug for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 by blocking trimerization of the spike glycoprotein (2020) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 56, p. 105998; Gordon, D.E., Jang, G.M., Bouhaddou, M., Xu, J., Obernier, K., White, K.M., O'Meara, M.J., Swaney, D.L., A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 459-468; Menden, M.P., Wang, D., Mason, M.J., Szalai, B., Bulusu, K.C., Guan, Y., Yu, T., Wolfinger, R., Community assessment to advance computational prediction of cancer drug combinations in a pharmacogenomic screen (2019) Nat. Commun., 10, p. 2674; Hung, I.F.N., Lung, K.C., Tso, E.Y.K., Liu, R., Chung, T.W.H., Chu, M.Y., Ng, Y.Y., Tam, A.R., Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1695-1704; Cao, B., Wang, Y., Wen, D., Liu, W., Wang, J., Fan, G., Ruan, L., Wei, M., A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1787-1799; Beigel, J.H., Tomashek, K.M., Dodd, L.E., Mehta, A.K., Zingman, B.S., Kalil, A.C., Hohmann, E., Kline, S., Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19—Preliminary Report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 1813-1826; Muratov, E., Zakharov, A., Viribus Unitis: Drug Combinations as a Treatment Against COVID-19 (2020) chemRxiv; Richards, R., Schwartz, H.R., Honeywell, M.E., Stewart, M.S., Cruz-Gordillo, P., Joyce, A.J., Landry, B.D., Lee, M.J., Drug antagonism and single-agent dominance result from differences in death kinetics (2020) Nat. Chem. Biol., 16, pp. 791-800; Glaumann, H., Motakefi, A.-M., Jansson, H., Intracellular distribution and effect of the antimalarial drug mefloquine on lysosomes of rat liver (1992) Liver, 12, pp. 183-190; Eastman, R.T., Roth, J.S., Brimacombe, K.R., Simeonov, A., Shen, M., Patnaik, S., Hall, M.D., Remdesivir: A Review of Its Discovery and Development Leading to Emergency Use Authorization for Treatment of COVID-19 (2020) ACS Cent. Sci., 6, pp. 672-683; Murakami, E., Wang, T., Babusis, D., Lepist, E.I., Sauer, D., Park, Y., Vela, J.E., Stefanidis, D., Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the anti-hepatitis C virus nucleotide prodrug GS-6620 (2014) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 58, pp. 1943-1951; Ferner, R.E., Aronson, J.K., Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19 (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1432; Rossignol, J.F., Nitazoxanide, a new drug candidate for the treatment of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2016) J. Infect. Public Health, 9, pp. 227-230; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Yang, X., Liu, J., Xu, M., Shi, Z., Xiao, G., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res., 30, pp. 269-271; Jasenosky, L.D., Cadena, C., Mire, C.E., Borisevich, V., Haridas, V., Ranjbar, S., Nambu, A., Sadukhan, S., The FDA-Approved Oral Drug Nitazoxanide Amplifies Host Antiviral Responses and Inhibits Ebola Virus (2019) iScience, 19, pp. 1279-1290; Jurgeit, A., McDowell, R., Moese, S., Meldrum, E., Schwendener, R., Greber, U.F., Niclosamide Is a Proton Carrier and Targets Acidic Endosomes with Broad Antiviral Effects (2012) PLoS Pathog, 8, p. e1002976; Rajoli, R.K., Pertinez, H., Arshad, U., Box, H., Tatham, L., Curley, P., Neary, M., Valentijn, A., Dose prediction for repurposing nitazoxanide in SARS-CoV-2 treatment or chemoprophylaxis (2020) medRxiv; Stockis, A., Allemon, A.M., De Bruyn, S., Gengler, C., Nitazoxanide pharmacokinetics and tolerability in man using single ascending oral doses (2002) Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 40, pp. 213-220; Rocco, P.R.M., Silva, P.L., Cruz, F.F., Junior, A.C.M., Tierno, P.F.G.M.M., Moura, M.A., De Oliveira, L.F.G., Junior, W.F., Early use of nitazoxanide in mild Covid-19 disease: randomized, placebo-controlled trial (2020) medRxiv; Ko, M., Jeon, S., Ryu, W.-S., Kim, S., Comparative analysis of antiviral efficacy of FDA-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells: Nafamostat is the most potent antiviral drug candidate (2020) bioRxiv; Riva, L., Yuan, S., Yin, X., Martin-Sancho, L., Matsunaga, N., Pache, L., Burgstaller-Muehlbacher, S., Hull, M.V., Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs through large-scale compound repurposing (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 113-119; Davidson, A.D., Williamson, M.K., Lewis, S., Shoemark, D., Carroll, M.W., Heesom, K.J., Zambon, M., Matthews, D.A., Characterisation of the transcriptome and proteome of SARS-CoV-2 reveals a cell passage induced in-frame deletion of the furin-like cleavage site from the spike glycoprotein (2020) Genome Med., 12, p. 68; Klimstra, W.B., Tilston-Lunel, N.L., Nambulli, S., Boslett, J., McMillen, C.M., Gilliland, T., Dunn, M.D., Wells, A., SARS-CoV-2 growth, furin-cleavage-site adaptation and neutralization using serum from acutely infected hospitalized COVID-19 patients (2020) J. Gen. Virol., 101, pp. 1156-1169; Johnson, B.A., Xie, X., Kalveram, B., Lokugamage, K.G., Muruato, A., Zou, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, L., Furin Cleavage Site Is Key to SARS-CoV-2 Pathogenesis (2020) bioRxiv; Deng, P., Zhong, D., Yu, K., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., Chen, X., Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of the antiviral drug arbidol in humans (2013) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 57, pp. 1743-1755; Capuzzi, S.J., Thornton, T.E., Liu, K., Baker, N., Lam, W.I., O'Banion, C.P., Muratov, E.N., Tropsha, A., Chemotext: A Publicly Available Web Server for Mining Drug-Target-Disease Relationships in PubMed (2018) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 58, pp. 212-218; Bizon, C., Cox, S., Balhoff, J., Kebede, Y., Wang, P., Morton, K., Fecho, K., Tropsha, A., ROBOKOP KG and KGB: Integrated Knowledge Graphs from Federated Sources (2019) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 59, pp. 4968-4973; Korn, D., Bobrowski, T., Li, M., Kebede, Y., Wang, P., Owen, P., Vaidya, G., Tropsha, A., COVID-KOP: Integrating Emerging COVID-19 Data with the ROBOKOP Database (2020) chemRxiv; Tropsha, A., Best Practices for QSAR Model Development, Validation, and Exploitation (2010) Mol. Inform., 29, pp. 476-488; Bulusu, K.C., Guha, R., Mason, D.J., Lewis, R.P.I., Muratov, E., Kalantar Motamedi, Y., Cokol, M., Bender, A., Modelling of compound combination effects and applications to efficacy and toxicity: state-of-the-art, challenges and perspectives (2016) Drug Discov. Today, 21, pp. 225-238; Zakharov, A.V., Varlamova, E.V., Lagunin, A.A., Dmitriev, A.V., Muratov, E.N., Fourches, D., Kuz'min, V.E., Nicklaus, M.C., QSAR Modeling and Prediction of Drug-Drug Interactions (2016) Mol. Pharm., 13, pp. 545-556; Morton, K., Wang, P., Bizon, C., Cox, S., Balhoff, J., Kebede, Y., Fecho, K., Tropsha, A., ROBOKOP: an abstraction layer and user interface for knowledge graphs to support question answering (2019) Bioinformatics, 35, pp. 5382-5384; The Biomedical Data Translator Program: Conception, Culture, and Community (2019) Clin. Transl. Sci., 12, pp. 91-94; An AI challenge with AI2, CZI, MSR, Georgetown, NIH, and the White House. Kaggle (2020), https://www.kaggle.com/allen-institute-for-ai/CORD-19-research-challenge; Zakharov, A.V., Zhao, T., Nguyen, D.-T., Peryea, T., Sheils, T., Yasgar, A., Huang, R., Simeonov, A., Novel Consensus Architecture To Improve Performance of Large-Scale Multitask Deep Learning QSAR Models (2019) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 59, pp. 4613-4624; Alves, V.M., Bobrowski, T., Melo-Filho, C.C., Korn, D., Auerbach, S., Schmitt, C., Muratov, E.N., Tropsha, A., QSAR modeling of SARS-CoV Mpro inhibitors identifies Sufugolix, Cenicriviroc, Proglumetacin and other drugs as candidates for repurposing against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Mol. Inform, , Published online July 28, 2020; Muratov, E.N., Bajorath, J., Sheridan, R.P., Tetko, I.V., Filimonov, D., Poroikov, V., Oprea, T.I., Roitberg, A., QSAR without borders (2020) Chem. Soc. Rev., 49, pp. 3525-3564; Cherkasov, A., Muratov, E.N., Fourches, D., Varnek, A., Baskin, I.I., Cronin, M., Dearden, J., Todeschini, R., QSAR modeling: where have you been? Where are you going to? (2014) J. Med. Chem., 57, pp. 4977-5010; Fourches, D., Muratov, E., Tropsha, A., Trust, but verify: on the importance of chemical structure curation in cheminformatics and QSAR modeling research (2010) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 50, pp. 1189-1204; Fourches, D., Muratov, E., Tropsha, A., Trust, but Verify II: A Practical Guide to Chemogenomics Data Curation (2016) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 56, pp. 1243-1252; Fourches, D., Muratov, E., Tropsha, A., Curation of chemogenomics data (2015) Nat. Chem. Biol., 11, p. 535; Golbraikh, A., Tropsha, A., Beware of q2! (2002) J. Mol. Graph. Model., 20, pp. 269-276; Muratov, E.N., Varlamova, E.V., Artemenko, A.G., Polishchuk, P.G., Kuz'min, V.E., Existing and Developing Approaches for QSAR Analysis of Mixtures (2012) Mol. Inform., 31, pp. 202-221; Brimacombe, K.R., Zhao, T., Eastman, R.T., Hu, X., Wang, K., Backus, M., Baljinnyam, B., Eicher, T., An OpenData portal to share COVID-19 drug repurposing data in real time (2020) bioRxiv; Foucquier, J., Guedj, M., Analysis of drug combinations: current methodological landscape (2015) Pharmacol. Res. Perspect., 3, p. e00149 PY - 2021 SN - 15250016 (ISSN) SP - 873-885 ST - Synergistic and Antagonistic Drug Combinations against SARS-CoV-2 T2 - Molecular Therapy TI - Synergistic and Antagonistic Drug Combinations against SARS-CoV-2 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098645636&doi=10.1016%2fj.ymthe.2020.12.016&partnerID=40&md5=0310734e37b5b0c2743751c4a5fc9af7 VL - 29 ID - 112 ER - TY - JOUR AB - INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting HIV care globally, with gaps in HIV treatment expected to increase HIV transmission and HIV-related mortality. We estimated how COVID-19-related disruptions could impact HIV transmission and mortality among men who have sex with men (MSM) in four cities in China, over a one- and five-year time horizon. METHODS: Regional data from China indicated that the number of MSM undergoing facility-based HIV testing reduced by 59% during the COVID-19 pandemic, alongside reductions in ART initiation (34%), numbers of all sexual partners (62%) and consistency of condom use (25%), but initial data indicated no change in viral suppression. A mathematical model of HIV transmission/treatment among MSM was used to estimate the impact of disruptions on HIV infections/HIV-related deaths. Disruption scenarios were assessed for their individual and combined impact over one and five years for 3/4/6-month disruption periods, starting from 1 January 2020. RESULTS: Our model predicted new HIV infections and HIV-related deaths would be increased most by disruptions to viral suppression, with 25% reductions (25% virally suppressed MSM stop taking ART) for a three-month period increasing HIV infections by 5% to 14% over one year and deaths by 7% to 12%. Observed reductions in condom use increased HIV infections by 5% to 14% but had minimal impact (<1%) on deaths. Smaller impacts on infections and deaths (<3%) were seen for disruptions to facility HIV testing and ART initiation, but reduced partner numbers resulted in 11% to 23% fewer infections and 0.4% to 1.0% fewer deaths. Longer disruption periods (4/6 months) amplified the impact of disruption scenarios. When realistic disruptions were modelled simultaneously, an overall decrease in new HIV infections occurred over one year (3% to 17%), but not for five years (1% increase to 4% decrease), whereas deaths mostly increased over one year (1% to 2%) and five years (1.2 increase to 0.3 decrease). CONCLUSIONS: The overall impact of COVID-19 on new HIV infections and HIV-related deaths is dependent on the nature, scale and length of the various disruptions. Resources should be directed to ensuring levels of viral suppression and condom use are maintained to mitigate any adverse effects of COVID-19-related disruption on HIV transmission and control among MSM in China. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of the International AIDS Society published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International AIDS Society. AD - University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China Social Entrepreneurship to Spur Health (SESH) Global, Guangzhou, China Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Booton, R. D. AU - Fu, G. AU - MacGregor, L. AU - Li, J. AU - Ong, J. J. AU - Tucker, J. D. AU - Turner, K. M. AU - Tang, W. AU - Vickerman, P. AU - Mitchell, K. M. C2 - 33821553 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/jia2.25697 IS - 4 J2 - J Int AIDS Soc KW - COVID-19 pandemic HIV transmission key and vulnerable populations men who have sex with men modelling People’s Republic of China LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2021 SN - 17582652 (ISSN) SP - e25697 ST - The impact of disruptions due to COVID-19 on HIV transmission and control among men who have sex with men in China T2 - Journal of the International AIDS Society TI - The impact of disruptions due to COVID-19 on HIV transmission and control among men who have sex with men in China UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103998279&doi=10.1002%2fjia2.25697&partnerID=40&md5=8e47601ed27f56016ece93a6f88eed97 VL - 24 ID - 31 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Observational studies suggest outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced mortality from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Metformin is known to decrease interleukin-6 and tumor-necrosis factor-α, which appear to contribute to morbidity in COVID-19. We sought to understand whether outpatient metformin use was associated with reduced odds of severe COVID-19 disease in a large US healthcare data set. Retrospective cohort analysis of electronic health record (EHR) data that was pooled across multiple EHR systems from 12 hospitals and 60 primary care clinics in the Midwest between March 4, 2020 and December 4, 2020. Inclusion criteria: data for body mass index (BMI) > 25 kg/m2 and a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test; age ≥ 30 and ≤85 years. Exclusion criteria: patient opt-out of research. Metformin is the exposure of interest, and death, admission, and intensive care unit admission are the outcomes of interest. Metformin was associated with a decrease in mortality from COVID-19, OR 0.32 (0.15, 0.66; p =.002), and in the propensity-matched cohorts, OR 0.38 (0.16, 0.91; p =.030). Metformin was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in hospital admission for COVID-19 in the overall cohort, OR 0.78 (0.58–1.04, p =.087). Among the subgroup with a hemoglobin HbA1c available (n = 1193), the adjusted odds of hospitalization (including adjustment for HbA1c) for metformin users was OR 0.75 (0.53–1.06, p =.105). Outpatient metformin use was associated with lower mortality and a trend towards decreased admission for COVID-19. Given metformin's low cost, established safety, and the mounting evidence of reduced severity of COVID-19 disease, metformin should be prospectively assessed for outpatient treatment of COVID-19. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC AD - Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Humana Health Services Research Center, Miami University, Miami, FL, United States UnitedHealth Group Research and Development, Minnetonka, MN, United States Department of Medicine Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States Department of Population and Data Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, John Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda County, Oakland, CA, United States Department of Epidemiology, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States AU - Bramante, C. T. AU - Buse, J. AU - Tamaritz, L. AU - Palacio, A. AU - Cohen, K. AU - Vojta, D. AU - Liebovitz, D. AU - Mitchell, N. AU - Nicklas, J. AU - Lingvay, I. AU - Clark, J. M. AU - Aronne, L. J. AU - Anderson, E. AU - Usher, M. AU - Demmer, R. AU - Melton, G. B. AU - Ingraham, N. AU - Tignanelli, C. J. C2 - 33580540 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/jmv.26873 J2 - J. Med. Virol. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JMVID Correspondence Address: Bramante, C.T.; Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, United States; email: bramante@umn.edu Funding details: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, PCORI, K12HS026379 Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, T32HL07741, 1K23HL133604, UM 2020‐2231 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS, UL1TR002494, UL1TR002489, KL2TR002492 Funding details: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, AHRQ Funding text 1: This study was supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), grant K12HS026379 (Christopher J. Tignanelli). This study was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, grants KL2TR002492 and UL1TR002494 (Carolyn T. Bramante), UL1TR002489 (John Buse) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH NHLBI T32HL07741 (Nicholas Ingraham) and 1K23HL133604 (Jacinda Nicklas). This study was supported by COVID‐19 Rapid response grant UM 2020‐2231. This study was supported by the Minnesota Learning Health System Mentored Training Program (MH‐LHS), M Health Fairview Institutional Funds (Carolyn T. Bramante and Carolyn T. Bramante). References: de Macedo, A.V., Brazil and COVID-19—A fleeting glimpse of what is to come (2020) JAMA Health Forum, 1 (9); Barbaro, M., Hoffman, J., https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/21/podcasts/the-daily/coronavirus-vaccine.html, The Vaccine Trust Problem [Internet] National Public Radio 2020 July 21, 2020. Podcast; Bramante, C., Ingraham, N., Murray, T., Observational study of metformin and risk of mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (2020) medRxiv; Bramante, C.T., Tignanelli, C.J., Dutta, N., https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.01.20185850v1, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and risk of hospitalization for COVID-19., Accessed 2020; Cariou, B., Hadjadj, S., Wargny, M., Phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of inpatients with COVID-19 and diabetes: the CORONADO study (2020) Diabetologia, 63 (8), pp. 1500-1515; Crouse, A., Grimes, T., Peng, L., Might, M., Ovalle, F., Shalev, A., (2020), Metformin use is associated with reduced mortality in a diverse population with COVID-19 and diabetes., medRxiv; Luo, P., Qiu, L., Liu, Y., Metformin treatment was associated with decreased mortality in COVID-19 patients with diabetes in a retrospective analysis (2020) Am J Trop Med Hyg, 103 (1), pp. 69-72; Cameron, A.R., Morrison, V.L., Levin, D., Anti-inflammatory effects of metformin irrespective of diabetes status (2016) Circ Res, 119 (5), pp. 652-665; Ursini, F., Russo, E., Pellino, G., Metformin and autoimmunity: a “new deal” of an old drug (2018) Front Immunol, 9 (1236), p. 1236; Dehkordi, A.H., Abbaszadeh, A., Mir, S., Hasanvand, A., Metformin and its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects; new concepts (2018) J Renal Inj Prev, 8 (1), pp. 54-61; Afshari, K., Dehdashtian, A., Haddadi, N.S., Anti-inflammatory effects of metformin improve the neuropathic pain and locomotor activity in spinal cord injured rats: introduction of an alternative therapy (2018) Spinal Cord, 56 (11), pp. 1032-1041; Atzeni, F., Gerratana, E., Giallanza, M., The effect of drugs used in rheumatology for treating SARS-CoV2 infection (2020) Expert Opin Biol Ther, 21 (2), pp. 219-228; Mehta, P., McAuley, D.F., Brown, M., Sanchez, E., Tattersall, R.S., Manson, J.J., COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression (2020) Lancet, 395 (10229), pp. 1033-1034; Ingraham, N.E., Lotfi-Emran, S., Thielen, B.K., Immunomodulation in COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 544-546; Berlin, D.A., Gulick, R.M., Martinez, F.J., Severe COVID-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 2451-2460; Chen, R., Sang, L., Jiang, M., Longitudinal hematologic and immunologic variations associated with the progression of COVID-19 patients in China (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 146, pp. 89-100; Gordon, D.E., Jang, G.M., Bouhaddou, M., A SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interaction map reveals drug targets and potential drug-repurposing (2020) bioRxiv, , 2020.2003.2022.002386; Singh, S., Singh, P.K., Suhail, H., AMP-activated protein kinase restricts zika virus replication in endothelial cells by potentiating innate antiviral responses and inhibiting glycolysis (2020) J Immunol, 204 (7), pp. 1810-1824; Bailey, C.J., Metformin: historical overview (2017) Diabetologia, 60 (9), pp. 1566-1576; Flory, J., Lipska, K., Metformin in 2019 (2019) JAMA, 321 (19), pp. 1926-1927; Salpeter, S.R., Greyber, E., Pasternak, G.A., Salpeter Posthumous, E.E., Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic acidosis with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus (2010) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 1; Little, R.J., D'Agostino, R., Cohen, M.L., The prevention and treatment of missing data in clinical trials (2012) N Engl J Med, 367 (14), pp. 1355-1360; (2020), https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/stats/covidweekly30.pdf, Weekly COVID-19 Report., Accessed July 23; www.health.state.mn.us/facilities/ehealth/hie/certified/index.html, 2020., Accessed September 1, 2020; Kuo, C.-L., Pilling, L.C., Atkins, J.C., (2020), COVID-19 severity is predicted by earlier evidence of accelerated aging., medRxiv, 2020.2007.2010.20147777; Lunt, M., Selecting an appropriate caliper can be essential for achieving good balance with propensity score matching (2014) Am J Epidemiol, 179 (2), pp. 226-235; Brookhart, M.A., Schneeweiss, S., Rothman, K.J., Glynn, R.J., Avorn, J., Stürmer, T., Variable selection for propensity score models (2006) Am J Epidemiol, 163 (12), pp. 1149-1156; VanderWeele, T.J., Ding, P., Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value (2017) Ann Intern Med, 167 (4), pp. 268-274; Rangarajan, S., Bone, N.B., Zmijewska, A.A., Metformin reverses established lung fibrosis in a bleomycin model (2018) Nat Med, 24 (8), pp. 1121-1127; Hyun, B., Shin, S., Lee, A., Metformin down-regulates TNF-α secretion via suppression of scavenger receptors in macrophages (2013) Immune Netw, 13 (4), pp. 123-132; Krysiak, R., Gdula-Dymek, A., Okopień, B., Monocyte-suppressing effect of high-dose metformin in fenofibrate-treated patients with impaired glucose tolerance (2013) Pharmacol Rep, 65 (5), pp. 1311-1316; Mishra, A.K., Dingli, D., Metformin inhibits IL-6 signaling by decreasing IL-6R expression on multiple myeloma cells (2019) Leukemia, 33 (11), pp. 2695-2709; C-reactive protein, and hemostatic factors at baseline in the diabetes prevention program (2005) Diabetes Care, 28 (10), pp. 2472-2479; Warnakulasuriya, L.S., Fernando, M.M.A., Adikaram, A.V.N., Metformin in the management of childhood obesity: a randomized control trial (2018) Childhood Obesity, 14 (8), pp. 553-565; Wang, H., Li, T., Chen, S., Gu, Y., Ye, S., Neutrophil extracellular trap mitochondrial DNA and its autoantibody in systemic lupus erythematosus and a proof-of-concept trial of metformin (2015) Arthritis Rheumatol, 67 (12), pp. 3190-3200; Verdura, S., Cuyàs, E., Martin-Castillo, B., Menendez, J.A., Metformin as an archetype immuno-metabolic adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy (2019) Oncoimmunology, 8 (10); Alwarawrah, Y., Nichols, A.G., Green, W.D., Targeting T-cell oxidative metabolism to improve influenza survival in a mouse model of obesity (2020) Int J Obes, 44 (12), pp. 2419-2429; Karam, B.S., Morris, R.S., Bramante, C.T., mTOR inhibition in COVID-19: A commentary and review of efficacy in RNA viruses J Med Virol; Del Campo, J.A., García-Valdecasas, M., Gil-Gómez, A., Simvastatin and metformin inhibit cell growth in hepatitis C virus infected cells via mTOR increasing PTEN and autophagy (2018) PLOS One, 13 (1); Del Campo, J.A., García-Valdecasas, M., Gil-Gómez, A., Simvastatin and metformin inhibit cell growth in hepatitis C virus infected cells via mTOR increasing PTEN and autophagy (2018) PLOS One, 13 (1); Nakashima, K., Takeuchi, K., Chihara, K., Hotta, H., Sada, K., Inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication through adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-dependent and -independent pathways (2011) Microbiol Immunol, 55 (11), pp. 774-782; Babinski, S., Giermaziak, H., Influenza epidemic in 1971 in diabetics treated with 1-butyl-biguanidine hydrochloride (Silubin retard) and 1-phenylethyl-biguanidine hydrochloride (Phenformin) (1973) Pol Tyg Lek, 28 (46), pp. 1815-1817; Salber, G.J., Wang, Y.B., Lynch, J.T., Metformin use in practice: compliance with guidelines for patients with diabetes and preserved renal function (2017) Clinical Diabetes, 35 (3), pp. 154-161 PY - 2021 SN - 01466615 (ISSN) ST - Outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced severity of COVID-19 disease in adults with overweight or obesity T2 - Journal of Medical Virology TI - Outpatient metformin use is associated with reduced severity of COVID-19 disease in adults with overweight or obesity UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102887506&doi=10.1002%2fjmv.26873&partnerID=40&md5=c3cd81f9abe2de6ba2e67c7a9fa8bcec ID - 166 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents most often with mild clinical symptoms, but the severe forms are of major concern.1 SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, expressed on epithelial and endothelial cells.2 Because the highest angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression is in the terminal ileum and colon, and up-regulated further during inflammation, and many COVID-19 patients experience gastrointestinal symptoms, longitudinal data are necessary to determine whether inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are at risk for severe or complicated COVID-19. A recent analysis in IBD patients from the Surveillance Epidemiology of Coronavirus Under Research Exclusion for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SECURE-IBD) registry showed older age, steroid medication, and comorbidities as risk factors for severe evolution, and the same study showed that the 29 IBD patients younger than age 20 had only mild disease courses.3 This report describes the disease course of COVID-19 in an expanded sample of pediatric IBD patients from 2 international databases. © 2021 AGA Institute AD - Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP, Université de Paris, Paris, France Juliet Keidan Institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States AU - Brenner, E. J. AU - Pigneur, B. AU - Focht, G. AU - Zhang, X. AU - Ungaro, R. C. AU - Colombel, J. F. AU - Turner, D. AU - Kappelman, M. D. AU - Ruemmele, F. M. C2 - 33059040 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.10.010 IS - 2 J2 - Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. KW - mesalazine nonsteroid antiinflammatory agent salazosulfapyridine tumor necrosis factor inhibitor adolescent ambulatory care child comorbidity Crohn disease female hospitalization human inflammatory bowel disease male pathophysiology systemic inflammatory response syndrome ulcerative colitis Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal Colitis, Ulcerative COVID-19 Humans Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Mesalamine SARS-CoV-2 Sulfasalazine Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors LA - English M3 - Short Survey N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CGHLA Correspondence Address: Brenner, E.J.; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, 333 S. Columbia Street, 247 MacNider Hall, CB# 7229, United States; email: Erica.Brenner@unchealth.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: mesalazine, 89-57-6; salazosulfapyridine, 599-79-1; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Mesalamine; Sulfasalazine; Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, K23KD111995-01A1 Funding details: Boehringer Ingelheim, BI Funding details: Bristol-Myers Squibb, BMS Funding details: Pfizer Funding details: Genentech Funding details: Janssen Biotech Funding details: AbbVie Funding details: Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust Funding details: Shire Funding details: Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., TPUSA Funding details: Janssen Pharmaceuticals Funding details: Nestlé Nutrition Institute, NNI Funding details: Ferring Pharmaceuticals Funding text 1: Funding This work was funded by the Helmsley Charitable Trust (2003-04445), and Clinical and Translational Science Awards grants UL1TR002489, T32DK007634 (E.J.B.), and K23KD111995-01A1 (R.C.U.). Additional funding was provided by Pfizer, Takeda, Janssen, AbbVie, Lilly, Genentech , Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb , Celtrion, and Arenapharm. Funding text 2: Conflicts of interest These authors disclose the following: Bénédicte Pigneur has received lecture fees from AbbVie; Gili Focht has received consultation fees from Eli Lilly and AbbVie; Ryan C. Ungaro is supported by a National Institutes of Health K23 Career Development Award (K23KD111995-01A1), has served as an advisory board member or consultant for Eli Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, and Takeda, and has received research support from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Pfizer; Jean-Frederic Colombel has received research grants from AbbVie, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, and Takeda, payment for lectures from AbbVie, Amgen, Allergan, Inc, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Shire, and Takeda, consulting fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Arena Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene Corporation, Celltrion, Eli Lilly, Enterome, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Geneva, Genentech, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Landos, LimmaTech Biologics AG, Ipsen, Imedex, Immunic, lmtbio, Medimmune, Merck, Novartis, O Mass, Ostuka, Pfizer, Shire, Takeda, Tigenix, and Viela bio, and holds stock options in Intestinal Biotech Development and Genfit; Michael D. Kappelman has consulted for AbbVie, Janssen, Pfizer, and Takeda, is a shareholder in Johnson & Johnson, and has received research support from AbbVie and Janssen; Dan Turner has received consultation fees, research grants, royalties, or honorarium from Janssen, Pfizer, Hospital for Sick Children, Ferring, AbbVie, Takeda, Atlantic Health, Shire, Celgene, Lilly, Roche, ThermoFisher, and BMS; and Frank M. Ruemmele has received consultation fees, research grants, or honorarium from Janssen, Pfizer, AbbVie, Takeda, Celgene, Nestlé Health Science, and Nestlé Nutrition Institute. The remaining authors discloses no conflicts. References: Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 727-733; Harmer, D., Gilbert, M., Borman, R., Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of ACE 2, a novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme (2002) FEBS Lett, 532, pp. 107-110; Brenner, E.J., Ungaro, R.C., Gearry, R.B., Corticosteroids, but not TNF antagonists, are associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: results from an international registry (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 481-491.e3; Turner, D., Huang, Y., Martín-de-Carpi, J., Corona virus disease 2019 and paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: global experience and provisional guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (2020) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 70, pp. 727-733; Taxonera, C., Sagastagoitia, I., Alba, C., 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (2020) Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 52, pp. 276-283; Dong, Y., Mo, X., Hu, Y., Epidemiology of COVID-19 among children in China (2020) Pediatrics, 145; Toubiana, J., Poirault, C., Corsia, A., Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the Covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m2094; Dolinger, M.T., Person, H., Smith, R., Pediatric Crohn's disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 treated with infliximab (2020) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 71, pp. 153-155; Brenner, E.J., Ungaro, R.C., Gearry, R.B., Corticosteroids, but not TNF antagonists, are associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: results from an international registry (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 481-491.e3; Turner, D., Huang, Y., Martín-de-Carpi, J., Corona virus disease 2019 and paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: global experience and provisional guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (2020) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 70, pp. 727-733 PY - 2021 SN - 15423565 (ISSN) SP - 394-396.e5 ST - Benign Evolution of SARS-Cov2 Infections in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From Two International Databases T2 - Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology TI - Benign Evolution of SARS-Cov2 Infections in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Results From Two International Databases UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097219061&doi=10.1016%2fj.cgh.2020.10.010&partnerID=40&md5=ac52a45ef5b4108c222fed962760c884 VL - 19 ID - 129 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Current wastewater worker guidance from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) aligns with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recommendations and states that no additional specific protections against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 infections, are recommended for employees involved in wastewater management operations with residuals, sludge, and biosolids at water resource recovery facilities. The USEPA guidance references a document from 2002 that summarizes practices required for protection of workers handling class B biosolids to minimize exposure to pathogens including viruses. While there is no documented evidence that residuals or biosolids of any treatment level contain infectious SARS-CoV-2 or are a source of transmission of this current pandemic strain of coronavirus, this review summarizes and examines whether the provided federal guidance is sufficient to protect workers in view of currently available data on SARS-CoV-2 persistence and transmission. No currently available epidemiological data establishes a direct link between wastewater sludge or biosolids and risk of infection from the SARS-CoV-2. Despite shedding of the RNA of the virus in feces, there is no evidence supporting the presence or transmission of infectious SARS-CoV-2 through the wastewater system or in biosolids. In addition, this review presents previous epidemiologic data related to other non-enveloped viruses. Overall, the risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2, or any pathogen, decreases with increasing treatment measures. As a result, the highest risk of exposure is related to spreading and handling untreated feces or stool, followed by untreated municipal sludge, the class B biosolids, while lowest risk is associated with spreading or handling Class A biosolids. This review reinforces federal recommendations and the importance of vigilance in applying occupational risk mitigation measures to protect public and occupational health. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. AD - Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, 2020 Gravier Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States EPCOR Water Services Inc., Edmonton, Canada Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine and Environmental Solutions, Pinnacle Waste Solutions, LLC RichmondTX, United States North Carolina State University, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Raleigh, NC, United States Gillings School of Global Public Health at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States Retired – former USEPA, Washington, DC, United States University of Arizona, Department of Environmental Science, Tucson, AZ, United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States California Association of Sanitation Agencies, Sacramento, CA, United States University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States AU - Brisolara, K. F. AU - Maal-Bared, R. AU - Sobsey, M. D. AU - Reimers, R. S. AU - Rubin, A. AU - Bastian, R. K. AU - Gerba, C. AU - Smith, J. E. AU - Bibby, K. AU - Kester, G. AU - Brown, S. C7 - 145732 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145732 J2 - Sci. Total Environ. KW - Biosolids Coronavirus COVID-19 Residuals SARS-CoV-2 Disease control Diseases Environmental Protection Agency Health risks Human resource management Industrial hygiene Risk assessment Transmissions Viruses Water resources Centers for disease control and preventions Occupational health Occupational health risk Occupational safety and health administrations Treatment measures United states environmental protection agencies Waste water systems Wastewater management Occupational risks biosolid disease transmission health and safety health risk health worker infectious disease severe acute respiratory syndrome classification disinfection environmental exposure human infection risk low risk population occupational hazard occupational safety pandemic priority journal qualitative analysis Review Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 sludge virus transmission waste water management wastewater SARS coronavirus LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: STEVA Correspondence Address: Brisolara, K.F.; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 2020 Gravier Street, United States; email: kbriso@lsuhsc.edu References: Ahmed, W., Angel, N., Edson, J., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., O'Brien, J., Choi, P., Mueller, J., First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: a proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community (2020) Sci. Total Environ., 278; Australian and New Zealand Biosolids Partnership, ANZBP Factsheet on COVID-19 and Biosolids (2020), https://www.biosolids.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ANZBP-Factsheet-on-COVID-19.pdf, Available at: (Retrieved on November 17, 2020); Balboa, S., Mauricio-Iglesias, M., Rodríguez, S., Martínez-Lamas, L., Vasallo, F.J., Regueiro, B., Lema, J.M., The fate of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants points out the sludge line as a suitable spot for incidence monitoring (2020) medRxiv, , https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.20112706v1#disqus_thread; Betancourt, W.W.B.W.S., Innes, G.K., Pogreba Brown, K.M., Prasek, S.M., Stark, E.R., Foster, A.R., Sprissler, R.S., Pepper, L., Wastewater-based Epidemiology for Averting COVID-19 Outbreaks on the University of Arizona Campus medRxiv preprint (2020); Bibby, K., Peccia, J., Identification of viral pathogen diversity in sewage sludge by metagenome analysis (2013) Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, pp. 1945-1951; Bitton, G., Mitchell, R., Effect of colloids on the survival of bacteriophages in seawater (1974) Water Res., 8, pp. 227-229; Bivins, A., Greaves, J., Fischer, R., Yinda, K.C., Admed, W., Kitajima, M., Munster, V.J., Bibby, K., Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in water and wastewater (2020) Environ. Sci. Technol.; Bixby, R.L., O'Brien, D.J., Influence of fulvic acid on bacteriophage adsorption and complexation in soil (1979) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 38, pp. 840-845; Brooks, J., Gerba, C., Pepper, I., Aerosol emission, fate, and transport from municipal and animal wastes (2004) J. Residuals Sci. Technol., 1 (1), pp. 13-25; Brown, S., Letter to the BioCycle Community: COVID-19 and Organics Recycling (2020), https://www.biocycle.net/2020/04/07/letter-biocycle-community-covid-19-organics-recycling/, BioCycle; Burton, N.C., Trout, D., Health Hazard Evaluation Report 98–0118–2748 Bio–Solids Land Application Process LeSourdsville (1999), NIOSH Ohio; Cai, J., Sun, W., Huang, J., Gamber, M., Wu, J., He, G., Indirect virus transmission in cluster of COVID-19 cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020 (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26 (6). , https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/6/20-0412_article; Canadian Council, C, Canada-wide Approach for the Management of Wastewater Biosolids (2015), https://www.ccme.ca/files/Resources/waste/biosolids/pn_1477_biosolids_cw_approach_e.pdf, Available online at: (last accessed: November 17, 2020); Cao, G., Noti, J.D., Blachere, F.M., Lindsley, W.G., Beezhold, D.H., Development of an improved methodology to detect infectious airborne influenza virus using the NIOSH bioaerosol sampler (2011) J. Environ. Monit., 13 (12), pp. 3321-3328; Carducci, A., Federigi, I., Liu, D., Thompson, J., Verani, M., Making waves: coronavirus detection, presence and persistence in the water environment: state of the art and knowledge needs for public health (2020) Water Res., 179; Casanova, L., Weaver, S., Inactivation of an enveloped surrogate virus in human sewage (2015) Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 2, pp. 76-78; Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Guidance for Controlling Potential Risks to Workers Exposed to Class B Biosolids (2002), https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-149/pdfs/2002-149.pdf, July, 2002–149; Centers for Disease Control (CDC), Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities (2008), https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/, last update May 2019; (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/sanitation-wastewater-workers.html, (Accessed 11 February 2021), Updated May 28, 2020; Chen, Y., Chen, L., Deng, Q., Zhang, G., Wu, K., Ni, L., Yang, Y., Cheng, Z., The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces of COVID-19 patients (2020) J. Med. Virol., 92, pp. 833-840; Cheng, P., Wong, D., Tong, L., Ip, S., Lo, C., Lau, C., Yeung, E., Lim, W., Viral shedding patterns of coronavirus in patients with probable severe acute respiratory syndrome (2004) Lancet, 363, pp. 1699-1700; Chin, A., Chu, J., Perera, M., Hui, K., Yen, H.L., Chan, M., Peiris, M., Poon, L., Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions (2020) Lancet, 1 (1); Collivignarelli, M.C., Collivignarelli, C., Miino, M.C., Abbà, A., Pedrazzani, R., Bertanza, G., SARS-CoV-2 in sewer systems and connected facilities (2020) Process. Saf. Environ. Prot., 143, pp. 196-203; Dada, A.C., Gyawali, P., Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants (2020) Sci. Total Environ., 142989; D'Aoust, P.M., Mercier, E., Montpetit, D., Jia, J.J., Alexandrov, I., Neault, N., Langlois, M.A., Quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater solids in communities with low COVID-19 incidence and prevalence (2021) Water Res., 188, p. 116560; Dhama, K., Khan, S., Tiwari, R., Sircar, S., Bhat, S., Malik, Y.S., Singh, K.P., Rodriguez-Morales, A.J., Coronavirus Disease 2019–COVID-19 (2020) Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 33; Diaz, J., Lucena, F., Blanch, A., Jofre, J., Review: Indicator bacteriophages in sludge, biosolids, sediments and soils (2020) Environ. Res., 182; van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D.H., Holbrook, M.G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B.N., Lloyd-Smith, J.O., Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1564-1567; Dowd, S., Gerba, C., Pepper, I., Pillai, S., Bioaerosol transport modeling and risk assessment in relation to biosolid placement (2000) J. Environ. Qual., 29 (1), pp. 343-348; Elsamadony, M., Fujii, M., Miura, T., Watanabe, T., Possible transmission of viruses from contaminated human feces and sewage: implications for SARS-CoV-2 (2021) Sci. Total Environ., 755; Esper, F., Ou, Z., Huang, Y., Human coronaviruses are uncommon in patients with gastrointestinal illness (2010) J. Clin. Virol., 48 (2), pp. 131-133; European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Interim Guidance for Environmental Cleaning in Nonhealthcare Facilities Exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (2020), https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/coronavirus-SARS-CoV-2-guidance-environmental-cleaning-non-healthcare-facilities.pdf, ECDC: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Stockholm See:; Fathizadeh, H., Maroufi, P., Momen-Heravi, M., Dao, S., Köse, S., Ganbarov, K., Pagliano, P., Kafil, H.S., Protection and disinfection policies against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) (2020) InfezMed, 28 (2), pp. 185-191; Feachem, R.G., Bradeu, D.J., Garelick, H., Mara, D.D., Health Aspects of Excreta and Sullage Management - A State of the Art Review (1980), The World Bank Washington, DC; Fears, A.C., Klimstra, W.B., Duprex, P., Hartman, A., Weaver, S.C., Plante, K.S., Roy, C., Comparative dynamic aerosol efficiencies of three emergent coronaviruses and the unusual persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol suspensions (2020) medRxiv; Fitzmorris, K.B., Reimers, R.S., Pillai, S.D., Pillai, S.D., Oleszkiewicz, J.A., Smith, J.E., Production of safe biosolids from agricultural and municipal residuals’ emerging physical chemical processes (2007) International Water Association Specialty Conference Proceedings Moving Forward Wastewater Biosolids Sustainability: Technical, Management and Public Synergy, pp. 1069-1076. , International Water Association, Greater Moncton Sewerage Commission Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada; Foladori, P., Cutrupi, F., Segata, N., Manara, S., Pinto, F., Malpei, F., La Rosa, G., SARS-CoV-2 from faeces to wastewater treatment: What do we know? A review (2020) Sci. Total Environ., 743, p. 140444; Fongaro, G., Garcia-Gonzalez, M., Hernandez, M., Kurtz, A., Barardi, C., Rodrigues-Lazaro, D., Different behavior of enteric bacteria and viruses in clay and sandy soils after biofertilization with swine digestate (2017) Front. Microbiol., 8 (74); Gattie, D., Lewis, D., A High-level disinfection standard for land-applied sewage sludges (2004) Environ. Health Perspect., 112 (2); Gerba, C., Tamimi, A., Pettigrew, C., Weisbrod, A., Rajagopalan, V., Sources of microbial pathogens in municipal solid waste landfills in the United States of America (2011) Waste Manag. Res., 29 (8), pp. 781-790; Gerba, C., Betancourt, W., Kitajima, M., Rock, C., Reducing uncertainty in estimating virus reduction by advanced water treatment processes (2018) Water Res., 133 (15), pp. 282-288; Godfree, A., Health constraints on the agricultural recycling of wastewater sludges (2003) Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology, , D. Mara N.J. Horan Elsevier London, UK; Gormley, M., Aspray, T., Kelly, D., COVID-19: mitigating transmission via wastewater plumbing systems (2020) Lancet; Gundy, P., Gerba, C., Pepper, I., Survival of coronaviruses in water and wastewater (2009) Food Environ. Virol., 1, pp. 10-14; He, Z., Dong, Q., Song, S., He, L., Zhuang, H., Detection for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus RNA in stool of SARS patients (2004) Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi (Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine), 38 (2), pp. 90-91. , Mar. PMID: 15061913; Heneghan, C., Spencer, E., Brassey, J., Jefferson, T., SARS-CoV-2 and the role of orofecal transmission: systematic review (2020) medRxiv, , https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.20168054v1; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Krüger, N., Mueller, M.A., Drosten, C., Pöhlmann, S., The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells (2020) BioRxiv, , https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.01.31.929042v1.abstract; Holshue, M.L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K., Wiesman, J., Bruce, H., Spitters, C., Pillai, S., First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 929-936; Hung, I.F.N., Cheng, V.C.C., Wu, A.K.L., Tang, B.S.F., Chan, K.H., Chu, C.M., Wong, M., Yu, K., Viral loads in clinical specimens and SARS manifestations (2004) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 10 (9), pp. 1550-1557; Hurst, C.J., Gerba, C.P., Cech, I., Effects of environmental variables and soil characteristics on virus survival in soil (1980) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 40, pp. 1067-1079; Jefferson, T., Spencer, E., Brassey, J., Heneghan, C., Viral cultures for COVID-19 infectivity assessment. Systematic review (2020) medRxiv, , https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.08.04.20167932v4; Jeong, H.W., Kim, S.M., Kim, H.S., Kim, Y.I., Kim, J.H., Cho, J.Y., Kim, E.H., Viable SARS-CoV-2 in various specimens from COVID-19 patients (2020) Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 26 (11), pp. 1520-1524; Jones, D.L., Baluja, M.Q., Graham, D.W., Corbishley, A., McDonald, J.E., Malham, S.K., Wilcox, M.H., Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine and its potential role in person-to-person transmission and the environment-based spread of COVID-19 (2020) Sci. Total Environ., 749, p. 141364; Kampf, G., Todt, D., Pfaender, S., Steinmann, E., Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents (2020) J. Hosp. Infection., 104, pp. 246-251; Kang, M., Wei, J., Yuan, J., Guo, J., Zhang, Y., Hang, J., Qu, Y., Zhong, N., Probable evidence of fecal aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a high-rise building (2020) Ann. Intern. Med., , September; Kataki, S., Chatterjee, S., Vairale, M., Sharma, S., Dwivedi, S., Concerns and strategies for wastewater treatment during COVID-19 pandemic to stop plausible transmission (2021) Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 164; Kim, Y.I., Kim, S.G., Kim, S.M., Kim, E.H., Park, S.J., Yu, K.M., Um, J., Infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27 (5), pp. 704-709e; Kocamemi, B.A., Kurt, H., Sarac, F., Saatci, A.M., Pakdemirli, B., SARS-CoV-2 detection in Istanbul wastewater treatment plant sludge (2020) medrxiv Preprint; Kumar, M., Thakur, A.K., Mazumder, P., Kuroda, K., Mohapatra, S., Rinklebe, J., Gikas, P., Frontier review on the propensity and repercussion of SARS-CoV-2 migration to aquatic environment (2020) Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters, 1, p. 100001; Lamers, M.M., Beumer, J., van der Vaart, J., Knoops, K., Puschhof, J., Breugem, T.I., Ravelli, R., Clevers, H., SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes (2020) Science, , May 1; Langone, M., Petta, L., Cellamare, C.M., Ferraris, M., Guzzinati, R., Mattioli, D., Sabia, G., SARS-CoV-2 in water services: presence and impacts (2021) Environ. Pollut., 115806; LeChevallier, M., Mansfield, T., Gibson, J., Protecting wastewater workers from disease risks: Personal protective equipment guidelines (2020) Water Environ. Res., 92 (4), pp. 524-533; Liu, D., Thompson, J.R., Carducci, A., Bi, X., Potential secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via wastewater (2020) Sci. Total Environ., 749 (142358); Liu, W., Tang, F., Fontanet, A., Zhan, L., Zhao, Q., Zhang, P., Long-term SARS coronavirus excretion from patient cohort (2004) China. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 10 (10), pp. 1842-1843; Liu, Y., Ning, Z., Chen, Y., Guo, M., Liu, Y., Gali, N.K., Liu, X., Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals (2020) Nature, pp. 1-6; Lodder, W., de Roda Husman, A.M., SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: potential health risk, but also data source (2020) The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Maal-Bared, R., Bastian, R., Bibby, K., Brisolara, K., Gary, L., Gerba, C., Olabode, L., Swift, J., The Water Professionals Guide to COVID-19 (2020) Water Environ. Technol., 32 (4), pp. 26-35; Madeley, C., Viruses in the stools (1979) J. Clin. Pathol., 32 (10); Medema, G., Heijnen, L., Elsinga, C., Ltlegander, R., Presence of SAR-Coronavirus-2 in sewage (2020) medRxiv; Metcalf & Eddy, Abu-Orf, M., Bowden, G., Burton, F.L., Pfrang, W., Stensel, H.D., AECOM (Firm), Wastewater engineering: treatment and resource recovery (2014) McGraw Hill Education; Morawska, L., Cao, J., Airborne transmission of SARS-COV-2: the world should face the reality (2020) Environ. Int., 139; National Research Council (NRC), Use of Reclaimed Water and Sludge in Food Crop Production (1996), National Academy Press Washington, DC; National Research Council (NRC), Biosolids Applied to Land – Advancing Standards and Practices (2002), National Academy Press Washington, D.C; Occupational Safety and Health Administration, COVID-19 Worker's Rights (2020), https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/covid-19/controlprevention.html#solidwaste; Ong, S., Tan, Y., Chia, P., Lee, T., Ng, O., Wong, M., Marimuthu, K., Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient (2020) JAMA, 323 (16), pp. 1610-1612; Patel, M., Chaubey, A.K., Pittman, C.U., Jr., Mlsna, T., Mohan, D., Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the environment: occurrence, persistence, analysis in aquatic systems and possible management (2020) Sci. Tot. Environ., 142698; Peccia, J., Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater tracks community infection dynamics (2020) Nature Biotech, 38, pp. 1164-1167; Pederson, D.C., Density levels of pathogenic organisms in municipal wastewater sludge – a literature review (1981) EPA-6001S2-81-170, Cincinnati, Ohio; Peng, X., Xu, X., Li, Y., Cheng, L., Zhou, X., Ren, B., Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice (2020) International Journal of Oral Science, 12 (1), pp. 1-6; Pepper, I., Brooks, J., Gerba, C., Pathogens in biosolids (2006) Adv. Agron., 90, pp. 1-41; Pillai, S.D., Meckes, M.C., Murthy, S.N., Willis, J., Developing better, indicators for pathogen presence in sewage, sludge (2011) Report to Water Environmental Research Foundation (WERF), Washington, D.C.; Polo, D.M., Quintela-Baluja, A., Corbishley, D.L., Jones, A.C., Singer, D.W., Graham, J.L., Romaldea, Making waves: Wastewater-based epidemiology for COVID-19 – approaches and challenges for surveillance and prediction (2020) Water Res., 186, p. 116404. , 2020 Nov 1. Published online 2020 Sep 9 (PMCID: PMC7480445, PMID: 32942178); Prussin, A., Belser, J., Bischoff, W., Kelley, S., Lin, K., Lindsley, W., Viruses in the Built Environment (VIBE) meeting report (2020) Microbiome, 8 (1); Reimers, R.S., Bowman, D.B., Schafer, P.L., Tata, P., Leftwich, B., Atique, M.M., Factors Affecting Lagoon Storage Disinfection of Biosolids (2001), WEF Residuals and Biosolids Specialty Conference, Water Environment Federation, Alexandria, VA (CD-ROM); Reimers, R.S., Fitzmorris, K.B., Smith, J.E., Boyd, G.R., Bowman, D.D., State of art in treatment and survival of pathogens in biosolids (2004) J. Residuals Sci. Technol., 1 (2), pp. 93-104; Rimoldi, S., Stefani, F., Gigantiello, A., Polesello, S., Comandatore, F., Mileto, D., Maresca, M., Salerno, F., Presence and vitality of SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewaters and rivers (2020) medRxiv, , 2020.05.01.20086009; Risku, M., Lappalainen, S., Rasanen, S., Vesikari, T., Detection of human coronaviruses in children with acute gastroenteritis (2010) J. Clin. Virol., 48 (1), pp. 27-30; Rodríguez-Lázaro, D., Cook, N., Ruggeri, F., Sellwood, J., Nasser, A., Nascimento, M., D'Agostino, M., Virus hazards from food, water and other contaminated environments (2012) FEMS Microbiol. Rev., 36 (4), pp. 786-814; Santarpia, J.L., Herrera, V.L., Rivera, D.N., Ratnesar-Shumate, S., Reid, S.P., Denton, P.W., Martens, J.W.S., Lowe, J.J., The infectious nature of patient-generated SARS-CoV-2 aerosol (2020) medRxiv preprint; Sassi, H., Ikner, L., Abd-Elmaksoud, S., Gerba, C., Pepper, I., Comparative survival of viruses during thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion (2018) Sci. Total Environ., 615, pp. 15-19; Shuval, H., Fattal, B., Control of pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater recycling and reuse in agriculture (2003) Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology, p. 2003. , D. Mara N.J. Horan Elsevier London, UK; Sobsey, M.D., Dean, C.H., Knuckles, M.E., Wagner, R.A., Interactions and survival of enteric viruses in soil materials (1980) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 40, pp. 92-101; Tang, A., Tong, Z.D., Wang, H.L., Dai, Y.X., Li, K.F., Liu, J.N., Yan, J.B., Detection of novel coronavirus by RT-PCR in stool specimen from asymptomatic child, China (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26 (6); To, K.K.W., Tsang, O.T.Y., Chik-Yan Yip, C., Chan, K.H., Wu, T.C., Chan, J., Lung, D.C., Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., , ciaa149; USEPA, Environmental Regulations and Technology – Control of Pathogens and Vector Attraction in Sewage Sludge, 40 CFR Part 503, EPA/625/R-92/013. Cincinnati, Ohio (1992), https://www.epa.gov/biosolids/control-pathogens-and-vector-attraction-sewage-sludge, revised 2003. Retrieve from; USEPA, Code of Federal Regulations, Government Printing Office, 40 CFR Part 503 (Title 40 - Protection of Environment. Chapter I - Environmental Protection Agency (Continued). Subchapter O - Sewage Sludge) (2018) Standards for the Use or Disposal of Sewage Sludge, , https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2018-title40-vol32/xml/CFR-2018-title40-vol32-part503.xml, Retrieved from; USEPA, Pathogen Equivalency Committee (2020), https://www.epa.gov/biosolids/pathogen-equivalency-committee, Retrieved from; Viau, E., Peccia, J., Survey of wastewater indicators and human pathogen genomes in biosolids produced by class A and class B stabilization treatments (2009) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75 (1), pp. 164-174; Wan, Y., Shang, J., Graham, R., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus (2020) J. Virol., 94 (7); Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., Tan, W., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) JAMA, 323 (18), pp. 1843-1844; Wang, X., Li, J., Jin, M., Zhen, B., Kong, Q., Song, N., Study on the resistance of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (2005) J. Virol. Methods, 126 (1), pp. 171-177; Ward, R., Mechanisms of enteric virus inactivation in treatment processes. (1984) Monogr. Virol., 15, pp. 175-183; Westrell, T., Schönning, C., Stenström, T.A., Ashbolt, N.J., QMRA (quantitative microbial risk assessment) and HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control points) for management of pathogens in wastewater and sewage sludge treatment and reuse (2004) Water Sci. Technol., 50 (2), pp. 23-30; Wigginton, K., Ye, Y., Ellenberg, R., Emerging investigators series: the source and fate of pandemic viruses in the urban water cycle (2015) Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol., 1, p. 735; Wigginton, K.R., Boehm, A.B., Environmental engineers and scientists have important roles to play in stemming outbreaks and pandemics caused by enveloped viruses (2020) Environ. Sci. Technol., 54 (7), pp. 3736-3739; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature; Wolff, M., Sattar, S., Adegbunrin, O., Tetro, J., Environmental survival and microbicide inactivation of coronaviruses (2005) Coronaviruses with Special Emphasis on First Insights Concerning SARS, , (ed. Schmidtt, Wolff, Weber ISBN 3-7643-6462-9); Wong, K., Onan, B., Xagoraraki, I., Quantification of enteric viruses, pathogen indicators, and Salmonella Bacteria in class B anaerobically digested biosolids by culture and molecular methods (2010) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 76, pp. 6441-6448; World Health Organization, Water, sanitation, Hygiene, and Waste Management for SARS-CoV-2, the Virus That Causes COVID-19: Interim Guidance, 29 July 2020 (No. WHO/COVID-19/IPC_WASH/2020.4) (2020), World Health Organization; World Health Organization (WHO), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) - Multi-country Outbreak - Update 15 (2003), https://www.who.int/csr/don/2003_03_31/en/; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.L., Abiona, O., McLellan, J.S., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367 (6483), pp. 1260-1263; Wu, Y., Guo, C., Tang, L., Hong, Z., Zhou, J., Dong, X., Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples (2020) The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 5 (5), pp. 434-435; Xiao, F., Sun, J., Xu, Y., Li, F., Huang, X., Li, H., Zhao, J., Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in feces of patient with severe COVID-19 (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 26 (8), p. 1920; Xiao, F., Tang, M., Zheng, X., Liu, Y., Li, X., Shan, H., Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Gastroenterology, 158 (6), pp. 1831-1833; Yao, H.P., Lu, X., Chen, Q., Xu, K., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Zheng, M., Patient-derived mutations impact pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) CELL-D-20-01124, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3578153, (Available at SSRN: or https://ssrn.com/abstract=3578153); Yates, M.V., Yates, S., Assessing the Fate of Emerging Pathogens in Biosolids (2007), Water Environment Research Foundation; Ye, Y., Ellenberg, R., Graham, K., Wigginton, K., Survivability, partitioning, and recovery of enveloped viruses in untreated municipal wastewater (2016) Environ. Sci. Technol., 50 (10), pp. 5077-5085; Yu, I., Li, Y., Wong, T., Tam, W., Chan, A., Lee, J., Leung, D., Ho, T., Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (2004) N. Engl. J. Med., 350 (17), pp. 1731-1739; Yu, I., Qui, H., Tse, L., Wong, T., Severe acute respiratory syndrome beyond Amoy gardens: completing the incomplete legacy (2014) Clin. Infect. Dis., 58 (5), pp. 683-686; Zang, R., Castro, M.F.G., McCune, B.T., Zeng, Q., Rothlauf, P.W., Sonnek, N.M., Liu, Z., Ding, S., TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes (2020) Sci. Immunol., 5 (47). , May 13. eabc3582; Zhang, W., Du, R., Li, B., Zheng, X., Yang, X., Hu, B., Wang, Y., Shi, Z., Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes (2020) Emerging Microbes & Infections, 9 (1), pp. 386-389; Zhang, Y., Chen, C., Shu, S., Shu, C., Wang, D., Song, J., Song, Y., Xu, W., Isolation of 2019-nCoV from a stool specimen of a laboratory-confirmed case of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)[J] (2020) China CDC Weekly, 2 (8), pp. 123-124; Zhao, B., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Jin, Y., Virus adsorption and inactivation in soil as influenced by autochthonous microorganisms and water content (2008) Soil Biol.Biochem., 40, pp. 649-659 PY - 2021 SN - 00489697 (ISSN) ST - Assessing and managing SARS-CoV-2 occupational health risk to workers handling residuals and biosolids T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Assessing and managing SARS-CoV-2 occupational health risk to workers handling residuals and biosolids UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100890756&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2021.145732&partnerID=40&md5=d130003ec7b3ad84ce9bda05d278a159 VL - 774 ID - 16 ER - TY - JOUR AB - OBJECTIVE: This study examines employee perceptions of safety and health climates for well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of small businesses. METHODS: We evaluated changes to employees' work and home life resulting from COVID-19 and perceptions of safety and health climates. Cross-sectional relationships were assessed using multivariable linear regression models for a sample of 491 employees from 30 small businesses in Colorado in May 2020. RESULTS: Employee perceptions of safety and health climates were significantly related to their self-reported well-being during the first wave of COVID-19, even when there were changes to childcare, the ability to work, and limited social contacts. CONCLUSION: Safety and health climates may influence employee well-being even when other disruptions occur, suggesting that during emergencies, small businesses with strong climates may be better prepared to maintain employee well-being. Copyright © 2020 American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. AD - Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Brown, Dr Schwatka, Ms Dexter, Ms Dally, Ms Shore, Dr Tenney, Dr Newman); Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Schwatka, Dally, Tenney, Newman); Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (Shore); Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Newman), Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Newman) AU - Brown, C. E. AU - Schwatka, N. AU - Dexter, L. AU - Dally, M. AU - Shore, E. AU - Tenney, L. AU - Newman, L. S. C2 - 33177474 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002080 IS - 2 J2 - J Occup Environ Med KW - adult commercial phenomena cross-sectional study epidemiology female human male occupational health pandemic prevention and control safety workplace COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Humans Pandemics Safety Management SARS-CoV-2 Small Business LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2021 SN - 15365948 (ISSN) SP - 81-88 ST - The Importance of Small Business Safety and Health Climates During COVID-19 T2 - Journal of occupational and environmental medicine TI - The Importance of Small Business Safety and Health Climates During COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102090581&doi=10.1097%2fJOM.0000000000002080&partnerID=40&md5=1792ed3791f887cd1ca330aecbebb81a VL - 63 ID - 115 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: This study sought to evaluate COVID-19 associated physical and mental health symptoms among adults with allergies compared to the general U.S. adult population. Methods: Data for these analyses were obtained from the publicly available COVID-19 Household Impact Survey, which provides national and regional statistics about physical health, mental health, economic security, and social dynamics among U.S. adults (ages 18 and older). Data from 20–26 April 2020; 4–10 May 2020; and 30 May–8 June 2020 were included. Our primary outcomes for this analysis were physical and mental health symptoms experienced in the last seven days. The primary predictor was participants’ self-report of a physician diagnosis of an allergy. Results/Discussion: This study included 10,760 participants, of whom 44% self-reported having allergies. Adults with allergies were more likely to report physical symptoms compared to adults without allergies including fever (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.44–1.99), cough (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.60–2.26), shortness of breath (aOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.71–2.43), and loss of taste or sense of smell (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.58–2.28). Adults with allergies were more likely to report feeling nervous (cOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13, 1.60), depressed (cOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11–1.57), lonely (cOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.47), hopeless (cOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.21– 1.72), or having physical reactions when thinking about COVID-19 pandemic (cOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.44–2.82), compared to those without allergies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adults with allergies are more likely to report physical and mental health symptoms compared to individuals without allergies. These findings have important implications for diagnostic and treatment challenges for allergy physicians. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AD - Department of Community Health Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States School of Nursing and Health Studies, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33146, United States Division of Allergy/Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, United States AU - Camacho-Rivera, M. AU - Islam, J. Y. AU - Vidot, D. C. AU - Jariwala, S. C2 - 33668246 C7 - 2231 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/ijerph18052231 IS - 5 J2 - Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health KW - Allergy Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 body condition disease prevalence health impact health status mental health risk factor United States SARS coronavirus adult human hypersensitivity pandemic prevalence psychology self report Humans Pandemics Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Camacho-Rivera, M.; Department of Community Health Sciences, United States; email: marlene.camacho-rivera@downstate.edu References: Garg, S., Kim, L., Whitaker, M., O’Halloran, A., Cummings, C., Holstein, R., Prill, M., Alden, N.B., Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly. Rep, 69, pp. 458-464; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Crawford, J.M., McGinn, T., Davidson, K.W., The Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2052-2059; Emami, A., Javanmardi, F., Pirbonyeh, N., Akbari, A., Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020) Arch Acad Emerg Med, 8, p. e35; Grasselli, G., Zangrillo, A., Zanella, A., Antonelli, M., Cabrini, L., Castelli, A., Cereda, D., Fumagalli, R., Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1574-1581; Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., McIntyre, R.S., Choo, F.N., Sharma, V.K., A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China (2020) Brain Behav. Immun, 87, pp. 40-48; Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C.S., Ho, R.C., Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China (2020) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, p. 1729; Solomou, I., Constantinidou, F., Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Compliance with Precautionary Measures: Age and Sex Matter (2020) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, p. 4924; Shi, L, Lu, Z-A, Que, J-Y, Huang, X-L, Liu, L, Ran, M-S, Prevalence of and risk factors associated with mental health symptoms among the general population in china during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (2020) JAMA Netw. Open, 3, p. e2014053; Wang, Y., Duan, Z., Ma, Z., Mao, Y., Li, X., Wilson, A., Qin, H., Zhou, F., Epidemiology of mental health problems among patients with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Transl. Psychiatry, 10, p. 263; Twenge, J.M., Joiner, T.E., U.S. Census Bureau-assessed prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in 2019 and during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Depress. Anxiety, 37, pp. 954-956; Li, L.Z., Wang, S., Prevalence and predictors of general psychiatric disorders and loneliness during COVID-19 in the United Kingdom (2020) Psychiatry Res, 291, p. 113267; Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Karatzias, T., Bentall, R.P., Martinez, A., Vallières, F., Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Acta Psychiatr. Scand, 142, pp. 249-256; https://www.covid-impact.org/, COVID Impact Survey. (accessed on 20 May 2020); Althouse, A.D., Adjust for Multiple Comparisons? It’s Not That Simple (2016) Ann. Thorac. Surg, 101, pp. 1644-1645; No Adjustments Are Needed for Multiple Comparisons: Epidemiology, , https://journals.lww.com/epidem/Abstract/1990/01000/No_Adjustments_Are_Needed_for_Multiple_Comparisons.10.aspx, (accessed on 14 May 2020); Zhang, J.J., Dong, X., Cao, Y.Y., Yuan, Y.D., Yang, Y.B., Yan, Y.Q., Akdis, C.A., Gao, Y.D., Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China (2020) Allergy, 75, pp. 1730-1741; Yang, J.M., Koh, H.Y., Moon, S.Y., Yoo, I.K., Ha, E.K., You, S., Kim, S.Y., Lee, S.W., Allergic disorders and susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19: A nationwide cohort study (2020) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 146, pp. 790-798; Edwards, M.R., Strong, K., Cameron, A., Walton, R.P., Jackson, D.J., Johnston, S.L., Viral infections in allergy and immunology: How allergic inflammation influences viral infections and illness (2017) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 140, pp. 909-920; Jackson, D.J., Makrinioti, H., Rana, B.M., Shamji, B.W., Trujillo-Torralbo, M.B., Footitt, J., Del-Rosario, J., Zhu, J., IL-33-dependent type 2 inflammation during rhinovirus-induced asthma exacerbations in vivo (2014) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 190, pp. 1373-1382; Drucker, A., Cho, E., Li, W.-Q., Camargo, C.A., Li, T., A Qureshi, A., Diagnosis validation and clinical characterization of atopic dermatitis in Nurses’ Health Study 2 (2018) J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol, 33, pp. 588-594; Islam, J.Y., Vidot, D.C., Camacho-Rivera, M., Evaluating Mental Health–Related Symptoms Among Cancer Survivors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the COVID Impact Survey (2021) JCO Oncol. Pr, p. OP2000752; Camacho-Rivera, M., Islam, J.Y., Vidot, D.C., Associations Between Chronic Health Conditions and COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Adults: An Analysis of the COVID Impact Survey (2020) Health Equity, 4, pp. 336-344; Galea, S., Merchant, R.M., Lurie, N., The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention (2020) JAMA Intern. Med, 180, pp. 817-818; Cuffel, B., Wamboldt, M., Borish, L., Kennedy, S., Crystal-Peters, J., Economic Consequences of Comorbid Depression, Anxiety, and Allergic Rhinitis (1999) Psychosomatics, 40, pp. 491-496; Goodwin, R.D., Castro, M., Kovacs, M., Major Depression and Allergy: Does Neuroticism Explain the Relationship? (2006) Psychosom. Med, 68, pp. 94-98; Goodwin, R.D., Galea, S., Perzanowski, M., Jacobi, F., Impact of allergy treatment on the association between allergies and mood and anxiety in a population sample (2012) Clin. Exp. Allergy, 42, pp. 1765-1771 PY - 2021 SN - 16617827 (ISSN) SP - 1-9 ST - Prevalence and risk factors of covid-19 symptoms among u.S. adults with allergies T2 - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health TI - Prevalence and risk factors of covid-19 symptoms among u.S. adults with allergies UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101204072&doi=10.3390%2fijerph18052231&partnerID=40&md5=cdb5d2231258f5c7bbe27444a4fdd809 VL - 18 ID - 81 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Institute for Advanced Study of the Americas, Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Sociology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States AU - Casanova, F. O. AU - Hamblett, A. AU - Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. AU - Nowotny, K. M. C2 - 33464315 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.34409 IS - 1 J2 - JAMA Netw Open KW - correctional facility epidemiology human law enforcement legislation and jurisprudence mass screening migration COVID-19 Emigration and Immigration Humans Jails Transients and Migrants LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2021 SN - 25743805 (ISSN) SP - e2034409 ST - Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detention Facilities T2 - JAMA network open TI - Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in US Immigration and Customs Enforcement Detention Facilities UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100279788&doi=10.1001%2fjamanetworkopen.2020.34409&partnerID=40&md5=ba21b0dfaecb27daafcfebcda7a9729a VL - 4 ID - 148 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The ongoing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting most specialized healthcare services worldwide, including those for high-risk newborns and their families. Due to the risk of contagion, critically ill infants, relatives and professionals attending neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are undergoing a profound remodeling of the organization and quality of care. In particular, mitigation strategies adopted to combat the COVID-19 pandemic may hinder the implementation of family-centered care within the NICU. This may put newborns at risk for several adverse effects, e.g., less weight gain, more nosocomial infections, increased length of NICU stay as well as long-term worse cognitive, emotional, and social development. This article aims to contribute to deepening the knowledge on the psychological impact of COVID-19 on parents and NICU staff members based on empirical data from the literature. We also provided evidence-based indications on how to safely empower families and support NICU staff facing such a threatening emergency, while preserving the crucial role of family-centered developmental care practices. © Copyright © 2021 Cena, Biban, Janos, Lavelli, Langfus, Tsai, Youngstrom and Stefana. AD - Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy Department of Neonatal and Pediatric Critical Care, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy AU - Cena, L. AU - Biban, P. AU - Janos, J. AU - Lavelli, M. AU - Langfus, J. AU - Tsai, A. AU - Youngstrom, E. A. AU - Stefana, A. C7 - 630594 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630594 J2 - Front. Psychol. KW - COVID-19 family-centered care neonatal intensive care unit NICU staff parents pre-term infant LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Stefana, A.; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Italy; email: alberto.stefana@gmail.com References: Abou Ghayda, R., Li, H., Lee, K.H., Lee, H.W., Hong, S.H., Kwak, M., COVID-19 and adverse pregnancy outcome: a systematic review of 104 cases (2020) J. Clin. Med, 9, p. 3441. , 33114779; Barello, S., Palamenghi, L., Graffigna, G., Burnout and somatic symptoms among frontline healthcare professionals at the peak of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Psychiatry Res, 290, p. 113129. , a, 32485487; Barello, S., Palamenghi, L., Graffigna, G., Empathic communication as a “risky strength” for health during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of frontline italian healthcare workers (2020) Patient Educ. Couns, 103, pp. 2200-2202. , b, 32631648; Barr, P., Burnout in neonatal intensive care unit nurses: relationships with moral distress, adult attachment insecurities, and proneness to guilt and shame (2020) J. Perinat. Med, 48, pp. 416-422. , 32112704; Bembich, S., Tripani, A., Mastromarino, S., Di Risio, G., Castelpietra, E., Risso, F.M., Parents experiencing NICU visit restrictions due to COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Acta Paediatr, pp. 1-2. , 33063339; Bigelow, A.E., Power, M., Gillis, D.E., Maclellan-Peters, J., Alex, M., McDonald, C., Breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, and mother–infant interactions over infants' first three months (2014) Infant Mental Health J, 35, pp. 51-62. , 25424406; (2017) Bliss Scotland Baby Report 2017: An Opportunity to Deliver Improvements in Neonatal Care; Brooks, S.K., Webster, R.K., Smith, L.E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 912-920. , 32112714; Carroll, W.D., Strenger, V., Eber, E., Porcaro, F., Cutrera, R., Fitzgerald, D.A., European and United Kingdom COVID-19 pandemic experience: the same but different (2020) Paediatr. Respir. Rev, 35, pp. 50-56. , 32709461; Casper, C., Sarapuk, I., Pavlyshyn, H., Regular and prolonged skin-to-skin contact improves short-term outcomes for very preterm infants: a dose-dependent intervention (2018) Arch. Pediatr, 25, pp. 469-475. , 30340943; Cavicchiolo, M.E., Lolli, E., Trevisanuto, D., Baraldi, E., Managing a tertiary-level NICU in the time of COVID-19: lessons learned from a high-risk zone (2020) Pediatr. Pulmonol, 55, pp. 1308-1310. , a; Cavicchiolo, M.E., Trevisanuto, D., Lolli, E., Mardegan, V., Saieva, A.M., Franchin, E., Universal screening of high-risk neonates, parents, and staff at a neonatal intensive care unit during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (2020) Eur. J. Pediatr, 179, pp. 1949-1955. , b, 32767137; Cena, L., Mirabella, F., Palumbo, G., Gigantesco, A., Trainini, A., Stefana, A., Prevalence of maternal antenatal anxiety and its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors: a multicentre study in Italy (2020) Eur. Psychiatry, 63, p. E84. , a, 32892763; Cena, L., Mirabella, F., Palumbo, G., Gigantesco, A., Trainini, A., Stefana, A., Prevalence of maternal antenatal and postnatal depression and their association with sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors: a multicentre study in Italy (2021) J. Affect. Disord, 279, pp. 217-221. , 33069119; Cena, L., Palumbo, G., Mirabella, F., Gigantesco, A., Stefana, A., Trainini, A., Perspectives on early screening and prompt intervention to identify and treat maternal perinatal mental health (2020) Protocol for a prospective multicentre study in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, p. 365. , b, 32218756; (2020) Interim Considerations for Infection Prevention and Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Inpatient Obstetric Healthcare Settings, , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Chang, D., Xu, H., Rebaza, A., Sharma, L., Cruz, C.S.D., Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection (2020) Lancet Respir. Med, 8, p. e13. , 32061333; Chen, Q., Liang, M., Li, Y., Guo, J., Fei, D., Wang, L., Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) Lancet Psychiatry, 7, pp. e15-e16. , 32085839; Cheong, J.L., Burnett, A.C., Treyvaud, K., Spittle, A.J., Early environment and long-term outcomes of preterm infants (2020) J. Neural Transm, 127, pp. 1-8. , 31863172; Coulter, A., Richards, T., Care during covid-19 must be humane and person centred (2020) BMJ, 370, p. m3483. , 32900782; Craig, J.W., Glick, C., Phillips, R., Hall, S.L., Smith, J., Browne, J., Recommendations for involving the family in developmental care of the NICU baby (2015) J. Perinatol, 35, pp. S5-S8. , 26597804; Crowe, R.P., Fernandez, A.R., Pepe, P.E., Cash, R.E., Rivard, M.K., Wronski, R., The association of job demands and resources with burnout among emergency medical services professionals (2020) J. Am. College Emerg. Phys. Open, 1, pp. 6-16. , 33000008; Crump, C., An overview of adult health outcomes after preterm birth (2020) Early Hum. Dev, 150, p. 105187. , 32948365; Cukor, J., Wyka, K., Jayasinghe, N., Weathers, F., Giosan, C., Leck, P., Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in utility workers deployed to the World Trade Center following the attacks of September 11, 2001 (2011) Depress. Anxiety, 28, pp. 210-217. , 21394854; Dahan, S., Bourque, C.J., Reichherzer, M., Prince, J., Mantha, G., Savaria, M., Peer-support groups for families in neonatology: why and how to get started? (2020) Acta Paediatr, 109, pp. 2525-2531. , 32304582; Davanzo, R., Moro, G., Sandri, F., Agosti, M., Moretti, C., Mosca, F., Breastfeeding and coronavirus disease-2019. Ad interim indications of the Italian society of neonatology endorsed by the Union of European neonatal and perinatal societies (2020) Matern. Child Nutr, 16, p. e13010. , 32243068; Davidson, J.E., Aslakson, R.A., Long, A.C., Puntillo, K.A., Kross, E.K., Hart, J., Guidelines for family-centered care in the neonatal, pediatric, and adult ICU (2017) Crit. Care Med, 45, pp. 103-128. , 27984278; De Rose, D.U., Auriti, C., Landolfo, F., Capolupo, I., Salvatori, G., Ranno, S., Reshaping neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to avoid the spread of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to high-risk infants (2020) Infect. Control Hospital Epidemiol, pp. 1-2. , 32576333; Dennis, C.L., Falah-Hassani, K., Shiri, R., Prevalence of antenatal and postnatal anxiety: systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) Br. J. Psychiatry, 210, pp. 315-323. , 28302701; Dong, L., Tian, J., He, S., Zhu, C., Wang, J., Liu, C., Possible vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from an infected mother to her newborn (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1846-1848. , 32215581; Dong, Y., Mo, X., Hu, Y., Qi, X., Jiang, F., Jiang, Z., Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China (2020) Pediatrics, 16, p. 16; Druss, B.G., Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in populations with serious mental illness (2020) JAMA Psychiatry, 77, pp. 891-892. , 32242888; Dubey, P., Reddy, S., Manuel, S., Dwivedi, A.K., Maternal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes among COVID-19 infected women: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Eur. J. Obstetr. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol, 252, pp. 490-501. , 32795828; Epstein, E.G., Arechiga, J., Dancy, M., Simon, J., Wilson, D., Alhusen, J.L., Integrative review of technology to support communication with parents of infants in the NICU (2017) J. Obstetr. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs, 46, pp. 357-366. , 28263727; Epstein, E.G., Sherman, J., Blackman, A., Sinkin, R.A., Testing the feasibility of Skype and FaceTime updates with parents in the neonatal intensive care unit (2015) Am. J. Crit. Care, 24, pp. 290-296. , 26134328; Erdei, C., Liu, C.H., The downstream effects of COVID-19: a call for supporting family wellbeing in the NICU (2020) J. Perinatol, 40, pp. 1283-1285. , 32709980; Favrod, C., Jan du Chêne, L., Martin Soelch, C., Garthus-Niegel, S., Tolsa, J.F., Legault, F., Mental health symptoms and work-related stressors in hospital midwives and NICU nurses: a mixed methods study (2018) Front. Psychiatry, 9, p. 364. , 30177890; Feldman, R., Eidelman, A.I., Maternal postpartum behavior and the emergence of infant-mother and infant-father synchrony in preterm and full-term infants: the role of neonatal vagal tone (2007) Dev. Psychobiol, 49, pp. 290-302. , 17380505; Flacking, R., Ewald, U., Starrin, B., “I wanted to do a good job”: experiences of “becoming a mother” and breastfeeding in mothers of very preterm infants after discharge from a neonatal unit (2007) Soc. Sci. Med, 64, pp. 2405-2416. , 17428597; Flacking, R., Lehtonen, L., Thomson, G., Axelin, A., Ahlqvist, S., Moran, V.H., Closeness and separation in neonatal intensive care (2012) Acta Paediatr, 101, pp. 1032-1037. , 22812674; Franck, L.S., Spencer, C., Parent visiting and participation in infant caregiving activities in a neonatal unit (2003) Birth, 30, pp. 31-35. , 12581037; Furlow, B., US NICUs and donor milk banks brace for COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Child Adolesc. Health, 4, p. 355. , 32246910; Gagliardi, L., Corchia, C., Bellù, R., Coscia, A., Zangrandi, A., Zanini, R., What we talk about when we talk about NICUs: infants' acuity and nurse staffing (2016) J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med, 29, pp. 2934-2939. , 26479084; Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak (2020) PLoS ONE, 15, p. e0231924. , 32298385; Giallo, R., Cooklin, A., Wade, C., D'Esposito, F., Nicholson, J.M., Fathers' postnatal mental health and child well-being at age five: the mediating role of parenting behavior (2014) J. Fam. Issues, 35, pp. 1543-1562; Gressier, F., Mezzacappa, A., Lasica, P.A., Fourcade, C., Corruble, E., COVID outbreak is changing our practices of perinatal psychiatry (2020) Arch. Womens Ment. Health, 23, pp. 791-792. , 32462536; Gund, A., Sjöqvist, B.A., Wigert, H., Hentz, E., Lindecrantz, K., Bry, K., A randomized controlled study about the use of eHealth in the home health care of premature infants (2013) BMC Med. Inform. Decis. Mak, 13, p. 22. , 23394465; Hall, S.L., Phillips, R., Hynan, M.T., Transforming NICU care to provide comprehensive family support (2016) Newborn Infant Nurs. Rev, 16, pp. 69-73; Hall, S.L., Ryan, D.J., Beatty, J., Grubbs, L., Recommendations for peer-to-peer support for NICU parents (2015) J. Perinatol, 35, pp. S9-S13. , 26597805; Hart, J.L., Turnbull, A.E., Oppenheim, I.M., Courtright, K.R., Family-centered care during the COVID-19 era (2020) J. Pain Symptom Manage, 60, pp. 93-97; Hermann, A., Fitelson, E.M., Bergink, V., Meeting maternal mental health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) JAMA Psychiatry, 78, pp. 123-124. , 32667662; Hessami, K., Homayoon, N., Hashemi, A., Vafaei, H., Kasraeian, M., Asadi, N., COVID-19 and maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality: a systematic review (2020) J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med, pp. 1-6. , 33249952; Holditch-Davis, D., White-Traut, R.C., Levy, J.A., O'Shea, T.M., Geraldo, V., David, R.J., Maternally administered interventions for preterm infants in the NICU: effects on maternal psychological distress and mother–infant relationship (2014) Infant Behav. Dev, 37, pp. 695-710. , 25247740; Hynan, M.T., Steinberg, Z., Baker, L., Cicco, R., Geller, P.A., Lassen, S., Recommendations for mental health professionals in the NICU (2015) J. Perinatol, 35, pp. S14-S18. , 26597800; Ionio, C., Colombo, C., Brazzoduro, V., Mascheroni, E., Confalonieri, E., Castoldi, F., Mothers and fathers in NICU: the impact of preterm birth on parental distress (2016) Eur. J. Psychol, 12, pp. 604-621. , 27872669; Janvier, A., Lantos, J., Aschner, J., Barrington, K., Batton, B., Batton, D., Stronger and more vulnerable: a balanced view of the impacts of the NICU experience on parents (2016) Pediatrics, 138, p. e20160655. , 27489297; Johnson, K., Maternal-infant bonding: a review of literature (2013) Int. J. Childbirth Educ, 28, pp. 17-22; Johnston, C., Campbell-Yeo, M., Disher, T., Benoit, B., Fernandes, A., Streiner, D., Skin-to-skin care for procedural pain in neonates (2017) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev, 2, p. CD008435. , 28739607; Joshi, A., Chyou, P.H., Tirmizi, Z., Gross, J., Web camera use in the neonatal intensive care unit: impact on nursing workflow (2016) Clin. Med. Res, 14, pp. 1-6. , 26864509; Karimi, F.Z., Sadeghi, R., Maleki-Saghooni, N., Khadivzadeh, T., The effect of mother-infant skin to skin contact on success and duration of first breastfeeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) Taiwan. J. Obstetr. Gynecol, 58, pp. 1-9. , 30638460; Karimi-Zarchi, M., Neamatzadeh, H., Dastgheib, S.A., Abbasi, H., Mirjalili, S.R., Behforouz, A., Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) from infected pregnant mothers to neonates: a review (2020) Fetal Pediatr. Pathol, 1, pp. 1-5. , 32238084; Khan, M.M.R., The concept of cumulative trauma (1963) Psychoanal. Study Child, 18, pp. 286-306; Kimberlin, D.W., Stagno, S., Can SARS-CoV-2 infection be acquired in utero? More definitive evidence is needed (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1788-1789. , 32215579; Krol, K.M., Grossmann, T., Psychological effects of breastfeeding on children and mothers (2018) Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 61, pp. 977-985. , 29934681; Latva, R., Lehtonen, L., Salmelin, R.K., Tamminen, T., Visiting less than every day: a marker for later behavioral problems in Finnish preterm infants (2004) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med, 158, pp. 1153-1157. , 15583100; Lean, R.E., Rogers, C.E., Paul, R.A., Gerstein, E.D., NICU hospitalization: long-term implications on parenting and child behaviors (2018) Curr. Treatment Options Pediatrics, 4, pp. 49-69. , 29881666; Lemmon, M.E., Chapman, I., Malcolm, W., Kelley, K., Shaw, R.J., Milazzo, A., Beyond the first wave: consequences of COVID-19 on high-risk infants and families (2020) Am. J. Perinatol, 37, pp. 1283-1288. , 32911555; Lindberg, B., Axelsson, K., Ohrling, K., Taking care of their baby at home but with nursing staff as support: the use of videoconferencing in providing neonatal support to parents of preterm infants (2009) J. Neonatal Nurs, 15, pp. 47-55; Lumbanraja, S.N., Influence of maternal factors on the successful outcome of kangaroo mother care in low birth-weight infants: a randomized controlled trial (2016) J. Neonatal Perinatal Med, 9, pp. 385-392. , 28009335; Madigan, S., Oatley, H., Racine, N., Fearon, R.P., Schumacher, L., Akbari, E., A meta-analysis of maternal prenatal depression and anxiety on child socioemotional development (2018) J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 57, pp. 645-657. , 30196868; Mäkelä, H., Axelin, A., Feeley, N., Niela-Vilén, H., Clinging to closeness: the parental view on developing a close bond with their infants in a NICU (2018) Midwifery, 62, pp. 183-188. , 29684798; Manzari, N., Matvienko-Sikar, K., Baldoni, F., O'Keeffe, G.W., Khashan, A.S., Prenatal maternal stress and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol, 54, pp. 1299-1309. , 31324962; Mendelson, T., Cluxton-Keller, F., Vullo, G.C., Tandon, S.D., Noazin, S., NICU-based interventions to reduce maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms: a meta-analysis (2017) Pediatrics, 139, p. e20161870. , 28223373; Morelius, E., Theodorsson, E., Nelson, N., Salivary cortisol and mood and pain profiles during skin-to-skin care for an unselected group of mothers and infants in neonatal intensive care (2005) Pediatrics, 116, pp. 1105-1113. , 16263996; Muniraman, H., Ali, M., Cawley, P., Hillyer, J., Heathcote, A., Ponnusamy, V., Parental perceptions of the impact of neonatal unit visitation policies during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) BMJ Paediatrics Open, 4, p. e000899; Murray, P.D., Swanson, J.R., Visitation restrictions: is it right and how do we support families in the NICU during COVID-19? (2020) J. Perinatol, 40, pp. 1576-1581. , 33589731; Obeidat, H.M., Bond, E.A., Callister, L.C., The parental experience of having an infant in the newborn intensive care unit (2009) J. Perinatal Educ, 18, pp. 23-29. , 20514124; O'Higgins, M., Roberts, I.S., Glover, V., Taylor, A., Mother-child bonding at 1 year; associations with symptoms of postnatal depression and bonding in the first few weeks (2013) Arch. Women's Ment. Health, 16, pp. 381-389. , 23604546; Osofsky, J.D., Osofsky, H.J., Mamon, L.Y., Psychological and social impact of COVID-19 (2020) Psychol. Trauma, 12, pp. 468-469; Pancani, L., Marinucci, M., Aureli, N., Riva, P., Forced social isolation and mental health: a study on 1006 Italians under COVID-19 quarantine (2020) PsyArXiv; Papadimos, T.J., Marcolini, E.G., Hadian, M., Hardart, G.E., Ward, N., Levy, M.M., Ethics of outbreaks position statement. Part 2: family-centered care (2018) Crit. Care Med, 46, pp. 1856-1860. , 30312225; Parazzini, F., Bortolus, R., Mauri, P.A., Favilli, A., Gerli, S., Ferrazzi, E., Delivery in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2: a fast review (2020) Int. Gynecol. Obstetr, 150, pp. 41-46. , 32271947; Perrin, P.B., Rybarczyk, B.D., Pierce, B.S., Jones, H.A., Shaffer, C., Islam, L., Rapid telepsychology deployment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a special issue commentary and lessons from primary care psychology training (2020) J. Clin. Psychol, 76, pp. 1173-1185. , 32419164; Pineda, R., Bender, J., Hall, B., Shabosky, L., Annecca, A., Smith, J., Parent participation in the neonatal intensive care unit: predictors and relationships to neurobehavior and developmental outcomes (2018) Early Hum. Dev, 117, pp. 32-38. , 29275070; Profit, J., Sharek, P.J., Amspoker, A.B., Kowalkowski, M.A., Nisbet, C.C., Thomas, E.J., Burnout in the NICU setting and its relation to safety culture (2014) BMJ Qual. Safety, 23, pp. 806-813. , 24742780; Provenzi, L., Tronick, E., The power of disconnection during the COVID-19 emergency: from isolation to reparation (2020) Psychol. Trauma, 12, pp. 252-254. , 32510232; Rawat, M., Chandrasekharan, P., Hicar, M.D., Lakshminrusimha, S., COVID-19 in newborns and infants—low risk of severe disease: silver lining or dark cloud? (2020) Am. J. Perinatol, 37, p. 845. , 32380565; Rhoads, S.J., Green, A., Gauss, C.H., Mitchell, A., Pate, B., Dowling, D., Web camera use of mothers and fathers when viewing their hospitalized neonate (2015) Adv. Neonatal Care, 15, pp. 440-446. , a, 26505333; Rhoads, S.J., Green, A., Mitchell, A., Lynch, C.E., Neuroprotective core measure 2: partnering with families-exploratory study on web-camera viewing of hospitalized infants and the effect on parental stress, anxiety, and bonding (2015) Newborn Infant Nurs. Rev, 15, pp. 104-110. , b; Rodrigues, C., Baia, I., Domingues, R., Barros, H., Pregnancy and breastfeeding during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of published pregnancy cases (2020) Front. Public Health, 8, p. 558144. , 33330308; Rogowski, J.A., Staiger, D., Patrick, T., Horbar, J., Kenny, M., Lake, E.T., Nurse staffing and NICU infection rates (2013) JAMA Pediatr, 167, pp. 444-450. , 23549661; Rominov, H., Giallo, R., Whelan, T.A., Fathers' postnatal distress, parenting self-efficacy, later parenting behavior, and children's emotional–behavioral functioning: a longitudinal study (2016) J. Family Psychol, 30, pp. 907-917. , 27183189; Roque, A.T.F., Lasiuk, G.C., Radünz, V., Hegadoren, K., Scoping review of the mental health of parents of infants in the NICU (2017) J. Obstetr. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs, 46, pp. 576-587. , 28506679; Sabnis, A., Fojo, S., Nayak, S.S., Lopez, E., Tarn, D.M., Zeltzer, L., Reducing parental trauma and stress in neonatal intensive care: systematic review and meta-analysis of hospital interventions (2019) J. Perinatol, 39, pp. 375-386. , 30659239; Sacchi, L., Merzhvynska, M., Augsburger, M., Effects of cumulative trauma load on long-term trajectories of life satisfaction and health in a population-based study (2020) BMC Public Health, 20, p. 1612. , 33109171; Saigal, S., Doyle, L.W., An overview of mortality and sequelae of preterm birth from infancy to adulthood (2008) Lancet, 371, pp. 261-269. , 18207020; Schwartz, D.A., An analysis of 38 pregnant women with COVID-19, their newborn infants, and maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: maternal coronavirus infections and pregnancy outcomes (2020) Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med, 144, pp. 799-805. , 32180426; Semaan, A.T., Audet, C., Huysmans, E., Afolabi, B.B., Assarag, B., Banke-Thomas, A., Voices from the frontline: findings from a thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) BMJ Global Health, 5, p. e002967. , 32586891; Shek, C.C., Ng, P.C., Fung, G.P., Cheng, F.W., Chan, P.K., Peiris, M.J., Infants born to mothers with severe acute respiratory syndrome (2003) Pediatrics, 112, p. e254. , 14523207; Sim, K., Chua, H.C., Vieta, E., Fernandez, G., The anatomy of panic buying related to the current COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Psychiatry Res, 288, p. 113015. , 32315887; Stapleton, P.J., Murphy, M., McCallion, N., Brennan, M., Cunney, R., Drew, R.J., Outbreaks of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in neonatal intensive care units: a systematic review (2016) Arch. Dis. Childhood-Fetal Neonatal Ed, 101, pp. 72-78. , 26369370; Stefana, A., Lavelli, M., I genitori dei bambini prematuri. Una prospettiva psicodinamica (2016) Med. Bambino, 35, pp. 327-332; Stefana, A., Lavelli, M., Parental engagement and early interactions with preterm infants during the stay in the neonatal intensive care unit: protocol of a mixed-method and longitudinal study (2017) BMJ Open, 7, p. e013824. , 28153932; Stefana, A., Lavelli, M., What is hindering research on psychological aspects of fathers of premature infants? (2018) Minerva Pediatr, 70, pp. 204-206. , 29446582; Stefana, A., Lavelli, M., Rossi, G., Beebe, B., Interactive sequences between fathers and preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (2020) Early Hum. Dev, 140, p. 104888. , a, 31670161; Stefana, A., Padovani, E.M., Biban, P., Lavelli, M., Fathers' experiences with their preterm babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a multi-method study (2018) J. Adv. Nurs, 74, pp. 1090-1098. , 29350787; Stefana, A., Youngstrom, E.A., Hopwood, C.J., Dakanalis, A., The COVID-19 pandemic brings a second wave of social isolation and disrupted services (2020) Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci, 270, pp. 785-786. , b, 32415510; Stefana, A., Youngstrom, E.A., Jun, C., Hinshaw, S., Maxwell, V., Michalak, E., The COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis and opportunity for bipolar disorder (2020) Bipolar Disord, 22, pp. 641-643. , c, 32511859; Stuebe, A., Should infants be separated from mothers with COVID-19? First, do no harm (2020) Breastfeed. Med, 15, pp. 351-352. , 32271625; Tawfik, D.S., Sexton, J.B., Kan, P., Sharek, P.J., Nisbet, C.C., Rigdon, J., Burnout in the neonatal intensive care unit and its relation to healthcare-associated infections (2017) J. Perinatol, 37, pp. 315-320. , 27853320; Thornton, J.C., Covid-19 in pregnancy (2020) BJOG, 127, p. 1122; Tscherning, C., Sizun, J., Kuhn, P., Promoting attachment between parents and neonates despite the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Acta Paediatr, 109, pp. 1937-1943. , 32588911; Turpin, H., Urben, S., Ansermet, F., Borghini, A., Murray, M.M., Müller-Nix, C., The interplay between prematurity, maternal stress and children's intelligence quotient at age 11: a longitudinal study (2019) Sci. Rep, 9, p. 450. , 30679588; Ursano, R.J., Zhang, L., Li, H., PTSD and traumatic stress from gene to community and bench to bedside (2009) Brain Res, 1293, pp. 2-12. , 19328776; Van Mol, M.M., Kompanje, E.J., Benoit, D.D., Bakker, J., Nijkamp, M.D., The prevalence of compassion fatigue and burnout among healthcare professionals in intensive care units: a systematic review (2015) PLoS ONE, 10, p. e0136955. , 26322644; Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C.S., Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China (2020) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17, p. 1729. , 32155789; Wang, J., Zhou, M., Liu, F., Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China (2020) J. Hospital Infect, 105, pp. 100-101. , 32147406; Wang, S., Guo, L., Chen, L., Liu, W., Cao, Y., Zhang, J., A case report of neonatal 2019 coronavirus disease in China (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis, 71, pp. 853-857. , 32161941; Weintraub, A.S., Geithner, E.M., Stroustrup, A., Waldman, E.D., Compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction in neonatologists in the US (2016) J. Perinatol, 36, pp. 1021-1026. , 27490191; Welch, M.G., Ludwig, R.J., Calming cycle theory and the co-regulation of oxytocin (2017) Psychodyn. Psychiatry, 45, pp. 519-540. , 29244620; (2002) Essential Newborn Care and Breastfeeding, , Geneva, World Health Organization; (2020) Clinical Management of COVID-19: Interim Guidance, , Geneva, World Health Organization; Widström, A.M., Brimdyr, K., Svensson, K., Cadwell, K., Nissen, E., Skin-to-skin contact the first hour after birth, underlying implications and clinical practice (2019) Acta Paediatr, 108, pp. 1192-1204. , 30762247; Woody, C.A., Ferrari, A.J., Siskind, D.J., Whiteford, H.A., Harris, M.G., A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression (2017) J. Affect. Disord, 219, pp. 86-92. , 28531848; Yan, H., Ding, Y., Guo, W., Mental health of pregnant and postpartum women during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Front. Psychol, 11, p. 3324. , 33324308; Yee, J., Kim, W., Han, J.M., Yoon, H.Y., Lee, N., Lee, K.E., Clinical manifestations and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Sci. Rep, 10, p. 18126. , 33093582; Youngstrom, E., Hinshaw, S.P., Stefana, A., Chen, J., Michael, K., Van Meter, A., Working with bipolar disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic: both crisis and opportunity (2020) WikiJ. Med, 7, p. 4; Youngstrom, E.A., Future directions in psychological assessment: combining evidence-based medicine innovations with psychology's historical strengths to enhance utility (2013) J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol, 42, pp. 139-159. , 23153181; Youngstrom, E.A., A primer on receiver operating characteristic analysis and diagnostic efficiency statistics for pediatric psychology: we are ready to ROC (2014) J. Pediatr. Psychol, 39, pp. 204-221. , 23965298; Youngstrom, E.A., Choukas-Bradley, S., Calhoun, C.D., Jensen-Doss, A., Clinical guide to the evidence-based assessment approach to diagnosis and treatment (2015) Cogn. Behav. Pract, 22, pp. 20-35. , 27322595; Youngstrom, E.A., Halverson, T.F., Youngstrom, J.K., Lindhiem, O., Findling, R.L., Evidence-based assessment from simple clinical judgments to statistical learning: evaluating a range of options using pediatric bipolar disorder as a diagnostic challenge (2018) Clin. Psychol. Sci, 6, pp. 243-265. , 30263876; Youngstrom, E.A., Prinstein, M.J., “Introduction to evidence-based assessment: a recipe for success,” (2020) Assessment of Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence, 5th Edn, pp. 3-29. , New York, NY, Guilford Publications, eds E. A. Youngstrom, M. J. Prinstein, E. J. Mash, and R. A. Barkley; Youngstrom, E.A., Van Meter, A., Empirically supported assessment of children and adolescents (2016) Clin. Psychol, 23, pp. 327-347; Youngstrom, E.A., Van Meter, A., “Advances in evidence-based assessment,” (2018) A Guide to Assessments That Work, 2nd Edn, pp. 32-44. , New York, NY, Oxford University Press, eds J. Hunsley, and E. J. Mash; Youngstrom, E.A., Van Meter, A., Frazier, T.W., Hunsley, J., Prinstein, M.J., Ong, M.L., Evidence-based assessment as an integrative model for applying psychological science to guide the voyage of treatment (2017) Clin. Psychol, 24, pp. 331-363; Yuan, R., Xu, Q.H., Xia, C.C., Lou, C.Y., Xie, Z., Ge, Q.M., Psychological status of parents of hospitalized children during the COVID-19 epidemic in China (2020) Psychiatry Res, 2020, p. 112953. , 32302814; Zante, B., Camenisch, S.A., Jeitziner, M.M., Jenni-Moser, B., Schefold, J.C., Fighting a family tragedy: family-centred care in times of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Anaesthesiol. Intens. Ther, 52, pp. 336-338. , 33165884; Zeng, H., Xu, C., Fan, J., Tang, Y., Deng, Q., Zhang, W., Antibodies in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 pneumonia (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1848-1849. , 32878687; Zeng, L., Xia, S., Yuan, W., Yan, K., Xiao, F., Shao, J., Neonatal early-onset infection with SARS-CoV-2 in 33 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Pediatr, 174, pp. 722-725. , 32215598; Zhu, H., Wang, L., Fang, C., Peng, S., Zhang, L., Chang, G., Clinical analysis of 10 neonates born to mothers with 2019-nCoV pneumonia (2020) Transl. Pediatrics, 9, p. 51. , 32154135; Zork, N.M., Aubey, J., Yates, H., Conversion and optimization of telehealth in obstetric care during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Semin. Perinatol, 44, p. 151300. , 32928561 PY - 2021 SN - 16641078 (ISSN) ST - The Collateral Impact of COVID-19 Emergency on Neonatal Intensive Care Units and Family-Centered Care: Challenges and Opportunities T2 - Frontiers in Psychology TI - The Collateral Impact of COVID-19 Emergency on Neonatal Intensive Care Units and Family-Centered Care: Challenges and Opportunities UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102471805&doi=10.3389%2ffpsyg.2021.630594&partnerID=40&md5=53121ac537da6450225ca3a9407aef32 VL - 12 ID - 105 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Given the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, investigations into host susceptibility to infectious diseases and downstream sequelae have never been more relevant. Pneumonia is a lung disease that can cause respiratory failure and hypoxia and is a common complication of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Few genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of host susceptibility and severity of pneumonia have been conducted. We performed GWASs of pneumonia susceptibility and severity in the Vanderbilt University biobank (BioVU) with linked electronic health records (EHRs), including Illumina Expanded Multi-Ethnic Global Array (MEGAEX)-genotyped European ancestry (EA, n= 69,819) and African ancestry (AA, n = 15,603) individuals. Two regions of large effect were identified: the CFTR locus in EA (rs113827944; OR = 1.84, p value = 1.2 × 10−36) and HBB in AA (rs334 [p.Glu7Val]; OR = 1.63, p value = 3.5 × 10−13). Mutations in these genes cause cystic fibrosis (CF) and sickle cell disease (SCD), respectively. After removing individuals diagnosed with CF and SCD, we assessed heterozygosity effects at our lead variants. Further GWASs after removing individuals with CF uncovered an additional association in R3HCC1L (rs10786398; OR = 1.22, p value = 3.5 × 10−8), which was replicated in two independent datasets: UK Biobank (n = 459,741) and 7,985 non-overlapping BioVU subjects, who are genotyped on arrays other than MEGAEX. This variant was also validated in GWASs of COVID-19 hospitalization and lung function. Our results highlight the importance of the host genome in infectious disease susceptibility and severity and offer crucial insight into genetic effects that could potentially influence severity of COVID-19 sequelae. © 2020 AD - Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, United States The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, United States Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States AU - Chen, H. H. AU - Shaw, D. M. AU - Petty, L. E. AU - Graff, M. AU - Bohlender, R. J. AU - Polikowsky, H. G. AU - Zhong, X. AU - Kim, D. AU - Buchanan, V. L. AU - Preuss, M. H. AU - Shuey, M. M. AU - Loos, R. J. F. AU - Huff, C. D. AU - Cox, N. J. AU - Bastarache, J. A. AU - Bastarache, L. AU - North, K. E. AU - Below, J. E. C2 - 33357513 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.12.010 IS - 1 J2 - Am. J. Hum. Genet. KW - biobank electronic health record GWAS host genetic effect pneumonia CFTR protein, human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator hemoglobin hemoglobin B bronchitis chronic obstructive lung disease complication female gene linkage disequilibrium genetic database genetics genome-wide association study genotype hospital patient host pathogen interaction human male outpatient pathology pathophysiology principal component analysis reproducibility single nucleotide polymorphism United Kingdom virus pneumonia COVID-19 Databases, Genetic Electronic Health Records Hemoglobins Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Inpatients Linkage Disequilibrium Outpatients Pneumonia, Viral Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive Reproducibility of Results LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJHGA Correspondence Address: Below, J.E.; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Division of Genetic Medicine, United States; email: jennifer.e.below@vanderbilt.edu Chemicals/CAS: cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, 126880-72-6; hemoglobin, 9008-02-0; CFTR protein, human; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; hemoglobin B; Hemoglobins Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, 5T32GM080178, R01GM133169 Funding details: National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIGMS Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS Funding text 1: The authors would like to thank Austin McPhilamy for his help identifying ICD codes relevant to pneumonia phenotyping. This project was supported by CTSA award UL1 TR002243 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences . H.-H.C., D.M.S., L.E.P., R.J.B., C.D.H., and J.E.B. were supported by funding from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences , National Institutes of Health , R01GM133169 . D.M.S. was supported by funding from the National Institutes of Health, 5T32GM080178 . References: Guo, Y.R., Cao, Q.D., Hong, Z.S., Tan, Y.Y., Chen, S.D., Jin, H.J., Tan, K.S., Yan, Y., The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status (2020) Mil. Med. Res., 7, p. 11; Torres, A., Blasi, F., Dartois, N., Akova, M., Which individuals are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease and why? Impact of COPD, asthma, smoking, diabetes, and/or chronic heart disease on community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease (2015) Thorax, 70, pp. 984-989; Hussain, A., Bhowmik, B., do Vale Moreira, N.C., COVID-19 and diabetes: Knowledge in progress (2020) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract., 162, p. 108142; Chhiba, K.D., Patel, G.B., Vu, T.H.T., Chen, M.M., Guo, A., Kudlaty, E., Mai, Q., Harris, K.E., Prevalence and characterization of asthma in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 146, pp. 307-314.e4; Zhao, Q., Meng, M., Kumar, R., Wu, Y., Huang, J., Lian, N., Deng, Y., Lin, S., The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis (2020) J. Med. Virol., 92, pp. 1915-1921; Dietz, W., Santos-Burgoa, C., Obesity and its Implications for COVID-19 Mortality (2020) Obesity (Silver Spring), 28, p. 1005; Rautanen, A., Mills, T.C., Gordon, A.C., Hutton, P., Steffens, M., Nuamah, R., Chiche, J.D., Davenport, E.E., Genome-wide association study of survival from sepsis due to pneumonia: an observational cohort study (2015) Lancet Respir. Med., 3, pp. 53-60; Zúñiga, J., Buendía-Roldán, I., Zhao, Y., Jiménez, L., Torres, D., Romo, J., Ramírez, G., Sheu, C.C., Genetic variants associated with severe pneumonia in A/H1N1 influenza infection (2012) Eur. Respir. J., 39, pp. 604-610; Hayden, L.P., Cho, M.H., McDonald, M.N., Crapo, J.D., Beaty, T.H., Silverman, E.K., Hersh, C.P., Susceptibility to Childhood Pneumonia: A Genome-Wide Analysis (2017) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., 56, pp. 20-28; Tian, C., Hromatka, B.S., Kiefer, A.K., Eriksson, N., Noble, S.M., Tung, J.Y., Hinds, D.A., Genome-wide association and HLA region fine-mapping studies identify susceptibility loci for multiple common infections (2017) Nat. Commun., 8, p. 599; Campos, A., Kho, P.F., Vazquez-Prada, K.X., Garcia-Marin, L.M., Martin, N.G., Cuellar-Partida, G., Renteria, M.E., Genetic susceptibility to pneumonia: A GWAS meta-analysis between UK Biobank and FinnGen (2020) medRxiv; Das, S., Forer, L., Schönherr, S., Sidore, C., Locke, A.E., Kwong, A., Vrieze, S.I., McGue, M., Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods (2016) Nat. Genet., 48, pp. 1284-1287; Lin, D.Y., Tao, R., Kalsbeek, W.D., Zeng, D., Gonzalez, F., 2nd, Fernández-Rhodes, L., Graff, M., Heiss, G., Genetic association analysis under complex survey sampling: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2014) Am. J. Hum. Genet., 95, pp. 675-688; Staples, J., Qiao, D., Cho, M.H., Silverman, E.K., Nickerson, D.A., Below, J.E., PRIMUS: rapid reconstruction of pedigrees from genome-wide estimates of identity by descent (2014) Am. J. Hum. Genet., 95, pp. 553-564; Li, H., Glusman, G., Hu, H., Shankaracharya, Caballero, J., Hubley, R., Witherspoon, D., Jorde, L.B., Relationship estimation from whole-genome sequence data (2014) PLoS Genet., 10, p. e1004144; Ratjen, F., Döring, G., Cystic fibrosis (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 681-689; Rowe, S.M., Miller, S., Sorscher, E.J., Cystic fibrosis (2005) N. Engl. J. Med., 352, pp. 1992-2001; Davis, P.B., Cystic fibrosis since 1938 (2006) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 173, pp. 475-482; Sanders, D.B., Fink, A.K., Background and Epidemiology (2016) Pediatr. Clin. North Am., 63, pp. 567-584; Miller, A.C., Comellas, A.P., Hornick, D.B., Stoltz, D.A., Cavanaugh, J.E., Gerke, A.K., Welsh, M.J., Polgreen, P.M., Cystic fibrosis carriers are at increased risk for a wide range of cystic fibrosis-related conditions (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117, pp. 1621-1627; Poehling, K.A., Light, L.S., Rhodes, M., Snively, B.M., Halasa, N.B., Mitchel, E., Schaffner, W., Griffin, M.R., Sickle cell trait, hemoglobin C trait, and invasive pneumococcal disease (2010) Epidemiology, 21, pp. 340-346; Reeves, S.L., Jary, H.K., Gondhi, J.P., Kleyn, M., Dombkowski, K.J., Health outcomes and services in children with sickle cell trait, sickle cell anemia, and normal hemoglobin (2019) Blood Adv., 3, pp. 1574-1580; Jain, S., Bakshi, N., Krishnamurti, L., Acute Chest Syndrome in Children with Sickle Cell Disease (2017) Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. Pulmonol., 30, pp. 191-201; Agarwal, S., Tamhankar, P.M., Kumar, R., Dalal, A., Clinical and haematological features in a compound heterozygote (HBB:c.92 + 5G > C/HBB:c.93-2A > C) case of thalassaemia major (2010) Int. J. Lab. Hematol., 32, pp. 369-372; Raju, S.V., Tate, J.H., Peacock, S.K., Fang, P., Oster, R.A., Dransfield, M.T., Rowe, S.M., Impact of heterozygote CFTR mutations in COPD patients with chronic bronchitis (2014) Respir. Res., 15, p. 18; The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, a global initiative to elucidate the role of host genetic factors in susceptibility and severity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic (2020) Eur. J. Hum. Genet., 28, pp. 715-718; Shrine, N., Guyatt, A.L., Erzurumluoglu, A.M., Jackson, V.E., Hobbs, B.D., Melbourne, C.A., Batini, C., Sakornsakolpat, P., New genetic signals for lung function highlight pathways and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associations across multiple ancestries (2019) Nat. Genet., 51, pp. 481-493; Baurecht, H., Hotze, M., Brand, S., Büning, C., Cormican, P., Corvin, A., Ellinghaus, D., Fölster-Holst, R., Genome-wide comparative analysis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis gives insight into opposing genetic mechanisms (2015) Am. J. Hum. Genet., 96, pp. 104-120; Hoffmann, T.J., Choquet, H., Yin, J., Banda, Y., Kvale, M.N., Glymour, M., Schaefer, C., Jorgenson, E., A Large Multiethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Adult Body Mass Index Identifies Novel Loci (2018) Genetics, 210, pp. 499-515; Zhu, Z., Guo, Y., Shi, H., Liu, C.L., Panganiban, R.A., Chung, W., O'Connor, L.J., Hasegawa, K., Shared genetic and experimental links between obesity-related traits and asthma subtypes in UK Biobank (2020) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 145, pp. 537-549; Sánchez, E., Lobo, T., Fox, J.L., Zeviani, M., Winge, D.R., Fernández-Vizarra, E., LYRM7/MZM1L is a UQCRFS1 chaperone involved in the last steps of mitochondrial Complex III assembly in human cells (2013) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1827, pp. 285-293; Gusic, M., Schottmann, G., Feichtinger, R.G., Du, C., Scholz, C., Wagner, M., Mayr, J.A., Lorenz, N., Bi-Allelic UQCRFS1 Variants Are Associated with Mitochondrial Complex III Deficiency, Cardiomyopathy, and Alopecia Totalis (2020) Am. J. Hum. Genet., 106, pp. 102-111; Sena, L.A., Li, S., Jairaman, A., Prakriya, M., Ezponda, T., Hildeman, D.A., Wang, C.R., Perlman, H., Mitochondria are required for antigen-specific T cell activation through reactive oxygen species signaling (2013) Immunity, 38, pp. 225-236; Barbeira, A.N., Bonazzola, R., Gamazon, E.R., Liang, Y., Park, Y., Kim-Hellmuth, S., Wang, G., Hormozdiari, F., Widespread dose-dependent effects of RNA expression and splicing on complex diseases and traits (2019) bioRxiv; Aguet, F., Barbeira, A.N., Bonazzola, R., Brown, A., Castel, S.E., Jo, B., Kasela, S., Oliva, M., The GTEx Consortium atlas of genetic regulatory effects across human tissues (2019) bioRxiv; Yang, J., Lee, S.H., Goddard, M.E., Visscher, P.M., GCTA: a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis (2011) Am. J. Hum. Genet., 88, pp. 76-82; Ge, T., Chen, C.Y., Neale, B.M., Sabuncu, M.R., Smoller, J.W., Correction: Phenome-wide heritability analysis of the UK Biobank (2018) PLoS Genet., 14, p. e1007228; DeLisle, S., Kim, B., Deepak, J., Siddiqui, T., Gundlapalli, A., Samore, M., D'Avolio, L., Using the electronic medical record to identify community-acquired pneumonia: toward a replicable automated strategy (2013) PLoS ONE, 8, p. e70944 PY - 2021 SN - 00029297 (ISSN) SP - 194-201 ST - Host genetic effects in pneumonia T2 - American Journal of Human Genetics TI - Host genetic effects in pneumonia UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098482986&doi=10.1016%2fj.ajhg.2020.12.010&partnerID=40&md5=3cd5bb50ff11b82aec0ebdd6b6797c84 VL - 108 ID - 147 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Importance: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the general public has been advised to wear masks or improvised face coverings to limit transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, there has been considerable confusion and disagreement regarding the degree to which masks protect the wearer from airborne particles. Objectives: To evaluate the fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of various consumer-grade and improvised face masks, as well as several popular modifications of medical procedure masks that are intended to improve mask fit or comfort. Design, Setting, and Participants: For this study conducted in a research laboratory between June and August 2020, 7 consumer-grade masks and 5 medical procedure mask modifications were fitted on an adult male volunteer, and FFE measurements were collected during a series of repeated movements of the torso, head, and facial muscles as outlined by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration Quantitative Fit Testing Protocol. The consumer-grade masks tested included (1) a 2-layer nylon mask with ear loops that was tested with an optional aluminum nose bridge and filter insert in place, (2) a cotton bandana folded diagonally once (ie, "bandit" style) or in a (3) multilayer rectangle according to the instructions presented by the US Surgeon General, (4) a single-layer polyester/nylon mask with ties, (5) a polypropylene mask with fixed ear loops, (6) a single-layer polyester gaiter/neck cover balaclava bandana, and (7) a 3-layer cotton mask with ear loops. Medical procedure mask modifications included (1) tying the mask's ear loops and tucking in the side pleats, (2) fastening ear loops behind the head with 3-dimensional-printed ear guards, (3) fastening ear loops behind the head with a claw-type hair clip, (4) enhancing the mask/face seal with rubber bands over the mask, and (5) enhancing the mask/face seal with a band of nylon hosiery over the fitted mask. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary study outcome was the measured FFE of common consumer-grade and improvised face masks, as well as several popular modifications of medical procedure masks. Results: The mean (SD) FFE of consumer grade masks tested on 1 adult male with no beard ranged from 79.0% (4.3%) to 26.5% (10.5%), with the 2-layer nylon mask having the highest FFE. Unmodified medical procedure masks with ear loops had a mean (SD) FFE of 38.5% (11.2%). All modifications evaluated in this study increased procedure mask FFE (range [SD], 60.3% [11.1%] to 80.2% [3.1%]), with a nylon hosiery sleeve placed over the procedure mask producing the greatest improvement. Conclusions and Relevance: While modifications to improve medical procedure mask fit can enhance the filtering capability and reduce inhalation of airborne particles, this study demonstrates that the FFEs of consumer-grade masks available to the public are, in many cases, nearly equivalent to or better than their non-N95 respirator medical mask counterparts. © 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Unc Health Care, Infection Prevention Department, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Us Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States Trc, Raleigh, NC, United States Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection Prevention, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Clapp, P. W. AU - Sickbert-Bennett, E. E. AU - Samet, J. M. AU - Berntsen, J. AU - Zeman, K. L. AU - Anderson, D. J. AU - Weber, D. J. AU - Bennett, W. D. AU - Control, U. S. Centers for Disease AU - Prevention Epicenters, Program C2 - 33300948 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.8168 32526206; To, K.-W., Tsang, O.-Y., Leung, W.-S., Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: An observational cohort study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (5), pp. 565-574. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1, doi: 32213337; Considerations for Wearing Cloth Face Coverings; Help Slow the Spread of COVID-19., , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html, Accessed July 23, 2020; Milton, D.K., Fabian, M.P., Cowling, B.J., Grantham, M.L., McDevitt, J.J., Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: Particle size, culturability, and effect of surgical masks (2013) PLoS Pathog, 9 (3), p. e1003205. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003205, doi: 23505369; Leung, N.H.L., Chu, D.K.W., Shiu, E.Y.C., Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks (2020) Nat Med, 26 (5), pp. 676-680. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0843-2, doi: 32371934; Chu, D.K., Akl, E.A., Duda, S., Solo, K., Yaacoub, S., Schünemann, H.J., Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Lancet, 395 (10242), pp. 1973-1987. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31142-9, doi: 32497510; Offeddu, V., Yung, C.F., Low, M.S.F., Tam, C.C., Effectiveness of masks and respirators against respiratory infections in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) Clin Infect Dis, 65 (11), pp. 1934-1942. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix681, doi: 29140516; Cheng, V.C., Wong, S.C., Chuang, V.W., The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J Infect, 81 (1), pp. 107-114. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.024, doi: 32335167; Sickbert-Bennett, E.E., Samet, J.M., Clapp, P.W., Filtration efficiency of hospital face mask alternatives available for use during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Jama Intern Med, , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4221, doi: 32780113; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (8), pp. 727-733. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017, doi: 31978945; Mueller, A.V., Eden, M.J., Oakes, J.M., Bellini, C., Fernandez, L.A., Quantitative method for comparative assessment of particle removal efficiency of fabric masks as alternatives to standard surgical masks for PPE (2020) Matter, 3 (3), pp. 950-962. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.07.006, doi: 32838296; Lee, K., Liu, B., On the minimum efficiency and the most penetrating particle size for fibrous filters (1980) J Air Pollution Control Association, 30 (4), pp. 377-381. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00022470.1980.10464592; Hinds, W.C., (1999) Aerosol Technology: Properties, Behavior, and Measurement of Airborne Particles, , John Wiley & Sons IS - 4 J2 - JAMA Intern. Med. KW - aluminum nylon polyester polypropylene rubber airborne particle Article consumer coronavirus disease 2019 filtration efficiency human infection control inhalation male measurement priority journal protection research LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :6 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Clapp, P.W.; Department of Pediatrics, 104 Mason Farm Rd, Campus Box # 7310, United States; email: pwclapp@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: aluminum, 7429-90-5; polypropylene, 25085-53-4, 9003-07-0; rubber, 9006-04-6 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: U.S. Department of Defense, DOD Funding details: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC Funding details: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA Funding details: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, CR 83578501 Funding details: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, CFF Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC Funding details: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC-CH Funding text 1: Funding/Support: This study was supported by the Duke-UNC Prevention Epicenter Program for Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections (U54CK000483) and a cooperative agreement between the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the US Environmental Protection Agency (CR 83578501). Funding text 2: grants from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and UNC/US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Cooperative Agreement during the conduct of the study. Dr Sickbert-Bennett reported grants from CDC Epicenter (U54CK000483) during the conduct of the study. Dr Anderson reported grants from CDC Epicenter (U54CK000483) during the conduct of the study; grants from Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, personal fees from UpToDate, and royalties for authorship outside the submitted work; and being the owner of Infection Control Education for Major Sports, LLC. Dr Weber reported grants from CDC during the conduct of the study. Dr Bennett reported grants from CDC during the conduct of the study and grants from the National Institutes of Health, US Department of Defense, US Food and Drug Administration, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, and EPA outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported. PY - 2021 SN - 21686106 (ISSN) SP - 463-469 ST - Evaluation of Cloth Masks and Modified Procedure Masks as Personal Protective Equipment for the Public during the COVID-19 Pandemic T2 - JAMA Internal Medicine TI - Evaluation of Cloth Masks and Modified Procedure Masks as Personal Protective Equipment for the Public during the COVID-19 Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097797569&doi=10.1001%2fjamainternmed.2020.8168&partnerID=40&md5=e83ee21aeb79826cb2751a1ae6f025d7 VL - 181 ID - 47 ER - TY - JOUR AD - University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Cohen, M. S. C2 - 33471984 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1056/NEJMe2034495 IS - 3 J2 - New Engl. J. Med. KW - monoclonal antibody neutralizing antibody virus antibody human outpatient Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral COVID-19 Humans Outpatients SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Editorial N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: NEJMA Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral References: Wald, N.J., Law, M.R., A strategy to reduce cardiovascular disease by more than 80% (2003) BMJ, 326, p. 1419; Bahiru, E., De Cates, A.N., Farr, M.R., Fixed-dose combination therapy for the prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (2017) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, p. 9868; Roshandel, G., Khoshnia, M., Poustchi, H., Effectiveness of polypill for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (PolyIran): A pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial (2019) Lancet, 394, pp. 672-683; Yusuf, S., Joseph, P., Dans, A., Polypill with or without aspirin in persons without cardiovascular disease (2021) N Engl J Med, 384, pp. 216-228; Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 1135-1159. , GBD 2019 Viewpoint Collaborators; (2017) Best Buys" and Other Recommended Interventions for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, , http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/259232, Tackling NCDs, Geneva World Health Organization; Huffman, M.D., Salam, A., Patel, A., Implementation strategies for cardiovascular polypills (2019) JAMA, , November 25, Epub ahead of print; The Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE, , http://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6, Johns Hopkins University, COVID-19 Dashboard; Weinreich, D.M., Sivapalasingam, S., Norton, T., REGNCOV2, a neutralizing antibody cocktail, in outpatients with Covid-19 (2021) N Engl J Med, 384, pp. 238-251; Hansen, J., Baum, A., Pascal, K.E., Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1010-1014; Chen, P., Nirula, A., Heller, B., SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody LY-CoV555 in outpatients with Covid-19 (2021) N Engl J Med, 384, pp. 229-237; Jones, B.E., Brown-Augsburger, P.L., Corbett, K.S., (2020) LY-CoV555, a Rapidly Isolated Potent Neutralizing Antibody, Provides Protection in a Non-human Primate Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, , http://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.30.318972v1, October 1; Cevik, M., Tate, M., Lloyd, O., Maraolo, A., Schafers, J., Ho, A., (2020) SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Viral Load Dynamics, Duration of Viral Shedding, and Infectiousness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, , http://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.07.25.20162107v2, July 29; Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Monoclonal Antibody for Treatment of COVID-19, , http://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibody-treatment-covid-19, Food and Drug Administration, FDA news release, November 9, 2020; Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update: FDA Authorizes Monoclonal Antibodies for Treatment of COVID-19, , http://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/coronavirus-covid-19-update-fda-authorizes-monoclonal-antibodies-treatment-covid-19, Food and Drug Administration, FDA news release, November 21, 2020; Marovich, M., Mascola, J.R., Cohen, M.S., Monoclonal antibodies for prevention and treatment of COVID-19 (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 131-132; Renn, A., Fu, Y., Hu, X., Hall, M.D., Simeonov, A., Fruitful neutralizing antibody pipeline brings hope to defeat SARS-Cov-2 (2020) Trends Pharmacol Sci, 41, pp. 815-829 PY - 2021 SN - 00284793 (ISSN) SP - 289-291 ST - Monoclonal antibodies to disrupt progression of early Covid-19 infection T2 - New England Journal of Medicine TI - Monoclonal antibodies to disrupt progression of early Covid-19 infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099848486&doi=10.1056%2fNEJMe2034495&partnerID=40&md5=6678d1044ccc6f948acbb2dcbf9a18a3 VL - 384 ID - 141 ER - TY - JOUR AD - The West Virginia University Health System, Morgantown, WV, United States Medical & H.C. Div., Western Psych. Inst. & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Pittsburgh, Center for Aging and Population Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States AU - Colenda, C. C. AU - Reynolds, C. F. AU - Applegate, W. B. AU - Sloane, P. D. AU - Zimmerman, S. AU - Newman, A. B. AU - Meeks, S. AU - Ouslander, J. G. C2 - 33137208 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/jgs.16934 IS - 1 J2 - J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. KW - administrative personnel age ageism clinician coronavirus disease 2019 emergency health service health care policy human Letter resource allocation United States aging logic COVID-19 Humans SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAGSA Funding text 1: The authors report no conflicts of interest. All authors participated in drafting and critical revision of the manuscript. Not applicable. References: Colenda, C.C., Reynolds, C.F., Applegate, W.B., COVID 19 pandemic and ageism. A call for humanitarian care (2020) J Am Geriatr Soc, 68 (8), pp. 1627-1628; Cruise, C., Lashewicz, G.B., Say what?! Ableist logic used in misguided attempt to combat ageism during COVID-19 (2021) J am Geriatr Soc, 69 (1), pp. 47-48. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs16932 PY - 2021 SN - 00028614 (ISSN) SP - 48 ST - Reply to: Say What?! Ableist Logic Used in Misguided Attempt to Combat Ageism During COVID-19 T2 - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society TI - Reply to: Say What?! Ableist Logic Used in Misguided Attempt to Combat Ageism During COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096765266&doi=10.1111%2fjgs.16934&partnerID=40&md5=4b0ec8d9eef1528a11e8a5649d14bf98 VL - 69 ID - 218 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic brought a dramatic shift in demand for spaces for safe, physically distanced walking, bicycling, and outdoor commerce. Cities around the world responded by instituting a variety of policies and programs meant to address this shift, such as carving out roadway space for non-car uses, putting pedestrian walk signals on recall, reducing speed limits, and subsidizing bike share schemes. The extraordinarily rapid pace and global scale of these responses—and the public's reactions to them—suggest that the transport planning, policy, and engineering professions may be at an inflection point with respect to equitable accommodation of non-car transport modes. In this paper we describe an effort to support potential shifts in practice by documenting and cataloging over a thousand COVID-19-related mobility responses into a publicly available database. We provide detailed guidance on using the database, along with preliminary summaries of key variables in the database. We also put forth a research agenda intended to build understanding about the processes that led to these actions, their implications for future efforts to design and implement pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure, and ways in which the transport professions might evolve in response to lessons learned during and after the pandemic. © 2021 AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States New Urban Mobility Alliance (NUMO), United States AU - Combs, T. S. AU - Pardo, C. F. C7 - 100322 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.trip.2021.100322 J2 - Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect. KW - Bicycling COVID-19 Infrastructure Practice change Transport planning Walking LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Combs, T.S.; University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States Funding details: Federal Highway Administration, FHWA Funding details: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, NHTSA, DTFH61-16-H-00029 Funding text 1: This research has been made possible through support from the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, the Collaborative Sciences Center for Road Safety, and the New Urban Mobility Alliance. The Shifting Streets COVID-19 Mobility database was developed with assistance from Henry Velandia, Diana Giraldo, Miguel Cuellar, Sebastián Vega, Carolina Fernandez, Kristin Blank, and Luke Morin. Additional information was provided by EpiAndes, led by Olga Lucía Sarmiento Dueñas with support from Karen Lorena Fajardo Ardila and Paola Andrea Martínez Bravo. Funding text 2: This research has been made possible through support from the Pedestrian and Bicycle Information Center, the Collaborative Sciences Center for Road Safety, and the New Urban Mobility Alliance. The Shifting Streets COVID-19 Mobility database was developed with assistance from Henry Velandia, Diana Giraldo, Miguel Cuellar, Sebasti?n Vega, Carolina Fernandez, Kristin Blank, and Luke Morin. Additional information was provided by EpiAndes, led by Olga Luc?a Sarmiento Due?as with support from Karen Lorena Fajardo Ardila and Paola Andrea Mart?nez Bravo. This material is based upon work supported by the Federal Highway Administration and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under Cooperative Agreement No. DTFH61-16-H-00029. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the Author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Federal Highway Administration or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The Collaborative Sciences Center for Road Safety, www.roadsafety.unc.edu, is a U.S. Department of Transportation National University Transportation Center promoting safety. Funding text 3: This material is based upon work supported by the Federal Highway Administration and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under Cooperative Agreement No. DTFH61-16-H-00029. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the Author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the Federal Highway Administration or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The Collaborative Sciences Center for Road Safety, www.roadsafety.unc.edu, is a U.S. Department of Transportation National University Transportation Center promoting safety. References: Abdullah, M., Dias, C., Muley, D., Shahin, M.D., Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 on travel behavior and mode preferences (2020) Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect., 8; Agyeman, J., (2020), http://theconversation.com/poor-and-black-invisible-cyclists-need-to-be-part-of-post-pandemic-transport-planning-too-139145, Poor and black “invisible cyclists” need to be part of post-pandemic transport planning too. The Conversation. URL (accessed 11.30.20); https://americawalks.org/research-in-action-trends-in-how-municipalities-are-addressing-increased-demand-for-safe-public-space-may-28-2020-webinar/, AmericaWalks. (2020, May 28). Research in Action: Trends in How Municipalities Are Addressing Increased Demand for Safe Public Space [Webinar]. (accessed 11.30.20); Badger, E., (2020), The Pandemic Has Pushed Aside City Planning Rules. But to Whose Benefit? N. Y. Times; Barajas, J.M., Not all crashes are created equal: Associations between the built environment and disparities in bicycle collisions (2018) J. Transp. Land Use, 11, pp. 865-882; Barajas, J.M., Beck, K.M., Cooper, J.F., Lopez, A., Reynosa, A., How effective are community pedestrian safety training workshops? Short-term findings from a program in California (2019) J. Transp. Health, 12, pp. 183-194; (2020), https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/emergencytransportplan, Birmingham City Council Emergency transport plan. Public document. Available: (accessed 12.8.2020); Braun, L.M., Rodriguez, D.A., Gordon-Larsen, P., Social (in)equity in access to cycling infrastructure: Cross-sectional associations between bike lanes and area-level sociodemographic characteristics in 22 large U.S. cities (2019) J. Transp. Geogr., 80; Butler, T., (2020), https://kinder.rice.edu/urbanedge/2020/09/14/transportation-transit-tackle-pandemic-racism-we-need-take-action-not-just-take-social-media, To tackle pandemic racism, we need to take action, not just take to social media. Kinder Inst. Urban Res. URL (accessed 11.30.20); Combs, T.S., (2020), http://pedbikeinfo.org/resources/resources_details.cfm?id=5209, Local Actions to Support Walking and Cycling During Social Distancing Dataset. (accessed 9.1.20); Combs, T.S., Pardo, C.F., (2020), http://pedbikeinfo.org/shiftingstreets, Streetplans, EpiAndes, MobilityWorks Shifting Streets COVID-19 Mobility database. (accessed 10.1.20); De Vos, J., The effect of COVID-19 and subsequent social distancing on travel behavior (2020) Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect., 5; (2020), https://ecf.com/dashboard, European Cyclists’ Federation COVID-19 Cycling Measures Tracker | ECF [WWW Document]. URL (accessed 12.8.20); Flyvbjerg, B., The law of regression to the tail: How to survive Covid-19, the climate crisis, and other disasters (2020) Environ. Sci. Policy, 114, pp. 614-618; Fraser, J.S., COVID-19 Presidio Order June 2, 36 CFR § 1001 (2020), https://www.presidio.gov/presidio-trust/planning-internal/Shared%20Documents/COVID-19-Presidio-Order-June-2.pdf, 5. (accessed 12.2.20); Haubold, H., (2020), https://ecf.com/news-and-events/news/covid-19-cycling-boom-real-numbers-say-yes, Is the COVID-19 cycling boom real? The numbers say yes! Eur. Cycl. Fed. URL (accessed 12.8.20); Hawley, G., Hirsch, L., Mackie, H., (2020), https://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/research/reports/672, Leveraging transport disruption to influence change (Research Report No. 672). Waka Kotahi New Zealand Transport Agency. (accessed 12.8.20); Krause, S., Hasselmann, J., Hackenbruch, F., Barsigund, V., Kellani, F., Berliner Pop-Up-Radwege rechtswidrig: Verkehrsverwaltung will Beschwerde gegen Gerichtsentscheid einlegen (2020) Der Tagesspiegel, , https://m.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berliner-pop-up-radwege-rechtswidrig-verkehrsverwaltung-will-beschwerde-gegen-gerichtsentscheid-einlegen/26164102.html, (accessed 12.08.20); Logan, W., (2020), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJydWAGvFw8&feature=youtu.be&ab_channel=DirectorBikeWalkNC, The Public Input Process: What's in your Toolbox? [Keynote Presentation]. BikeWalk NC Summit. URL (accessed 12.1.20); Lopez, M., (2020), https://www.puebloplanning.com/field-notes/2020/3/23/our-role-as-planners-during-a-pandemic, Our Role as Planners During a Pandemic. Pueblo Plan. URL (accessed 11.30.20); Mitra, R., Moore, S.A., Gillespie, M., Faulkner, G., Vanderloo, L.M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Rhodes, R.E., Tremblay, M.S., Healthy movement behaviours in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the role of the neighbourhood environment (2020) Health Place, 65; (2020), https://nacto.org/program/covid19, National Association of City Transportation Officials COVID-19: Transportation Response Center [WWW Document]. Natl. Assoc. City Transp. Off. URL (accessed 12.8.20); Pardo, C.F., Escovar, G., (2020), https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TmD64Dz7c9y_benD888jnkmrHEN6NyE-nUuFW4TwRyo/edit?usp=embed_facebook, Documentos y páginas web relevantes sobre transporte y covid-19. New Urban Mobility Alliance. URL (accessed 11.30.20); Pardo, C.F., (2020), https://medium.com/@carlosfpardo/yet-another-crisis-opportunity-to-redefine-mobility-how-could-we-achieve-it-this-time-d13cbd545369, Yet another crisis/opportunity to redefine mobility. How could we achieve it this time? Medium. URL (accessed 12.8.20); Reid, C., (2020), https://www.forbes.com/sites/carltonreid/2020/09/17/end-governments-war-on-the-uk-motorist-argues-government/?sh=5942c866566f, End Government's War On The U.K. Motorist, Argues Government. Forbes. URL (accessed 12.8.20); Ricci, G., (2020), https://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/gallery/2020/05/14/post-lockdown-urban-policies-an-opportunity-for-radical-transformations-tactical-urbanism-mobility-bicycles.html, Tactical urbanism, mobility and bicycles: post-lockdown urban policies as an opportunity for radical transformations. Domus. URL (accessed 12.8.20); Seay, B., Racism Is Often The First Hurdle For Black Bicyclists (2020), https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/2020/09/03/racism-is-often-the-first-hurdle-for-black-bicyclists, WGBH (accessed 12.8.20); Slater, S.J., Christiana, R.W., Gustat, J., Recommendations for Keeping Parks and Green Space Accessible for Mental and Physical Health During COVID-19 and Other Pandemics (2020) Prev. Chronic. Dis., 17, p. E59; Stecker, B., Howell, A., Coia, J., Kaplowitz, G., (2020), https://www.urbanismnext.org/resources/perfecting-policy-with-pilots-new-mobility-and-av-urban-delivery-pilot-project-assessment, New Urban Mobility Alliance Perfecting Policy with Pilots: New Mobility and AV Urban Delivery Pilot Project Assessment - Urbanism Next. (accessed 12.8.20); Thomas, D., (2020), https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-08/-safe-streets-are-not-safe-for-black-lives, ‘Safe Streets’ Are Not Safe for Black Lives. Bloomberg.com. URL (accessed 11.30.20); Tirachini, A., Hensher, D.A., Rose, J.M., Crowding in public transport systems: Effects on users, operation and implications for the estimation of demand (2013) Transp. Res. Part Policy Pract., 53, pp. 36-52; (2021), https://unstats.un.org/unsd/methodology/m49/overview, UNSD Methodology [WWW Document]. Stand. Ctry. Area Codes Stat. Use M49 Overv. URL (accessed 1.20.21); Walker, J., (2020), https://www.walk21.com/single-post/2020/04/16/promoting-walking-and-challenges-for-walkability-during-the-pandemic, Promoting walking and challenges for walkability during the pandemic! Walk21 Lead. Walk. Mov. URL (accessed 12.8.20); Wang, D., He, B.Y., Gao, J., Chow, J.Y.J., Ozbay, K., Iyer, S., (2020), Impact of COVID-19 Behavioral Inertia on Reopening Strategies for New York City Transit. ArXiv200613368 Phys. Q-Fin; Wilbur, M., Ayman, A., Ouyang, A., Poon, V., Kabir, R., Vadali, A., Pugliese, P., Dubey, A., (2020), Impact of COVID-19 on Public Transit Accessibility and Ridership. ArXiv200802413 Phys; (2020), https://www.covidmobilityworks.org/, World Economic Forum, New Urban Mobility Alliance, Global New Mobility Coalition, POLIS, TNO, TUMI, UC Berkeley Transportation Sustainability Research Center, UKAID, University of Oregon Urbanism Next Center, TNO Innovation for Life, High Volume Transport Applied Research COVID Mobility Works [WWW Document]. URL (accessed 12.8.20); https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/9789240012554, World Health Organization, 2020a. Supporting healthy urban transport and mobility in the context of COVID-19. World Health Organization. (accessed 11.20.20); https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/health-emergencies/coronavirus-covid-19/publications-and-technical-guidance/environment-and-food-safety/moving-around-during-the-covid-19-outbreak, World Health Organization, 2020b. Moving around during the COVID-19 outbreak [WWW Document]. URL (accessed 12.3.20)UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101162108&doi=10.1016%2fj.trip.2021.100322&partnerID=40&md5=2689eee4416f620efcbc95fc5b42f3a1 PY - 2021 SN - 25901982 (ISSN) ST - Shifting streets COVID-19 mobility data: Findings from a global dataset and a research agenda for transport planning and policy T2 - Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives TI - Shifting streets COVID-19 mobility data: Findings from a global dataset and a research agenda for transport planning and policy VL - 9 ID - 82 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Primary care systems are a mainstay for how many Americans seek health and behavioral health care. It is estimated that almost a quarter of behavioral health conditions are diagnosed and/or treated in primary care. Many clinics treat the whole person through integrated models of care such as the Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) model. COVID-19 has disrupted integrated care delivery and traditional PCBH workflows requiring swift adaptations. This paper synthesizes how COVID-19 has impacted clinical services at one federally qualified health center and describes how care has continued despite the challenges experienced by frontline behavioral health providers. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. AD - Behavioral Health Department, Christ Community Health Services, Augusta, GA, United States School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Cooper, Z. AU - Zerden, L. D. S. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/00981389.2021.1904316 J2 - Soc. Work Health Care KW - behavioral health providers COVID-19 Integrated care primary care behavioral health (pcbh) LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SWHCD Correspondence Address: Cooper, Z.; Manager of Behavioral Health Services for Christ Community Health Services, 127 Telfair Street, United States; email: zcooper@cchsaugusta.org References: Benda, N.C., Veinot, T.C., Sieck, C.J., Ancker, J.S., Broadband Internet access is a social determinant of health! (2020) American Journal of Public Health, 110 (8), pp. 1123-1172. , https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305784; Berg-Weger, M., Morley, J.E., Loneliness and social isolation in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for gerontological social work (2020) The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 24 (5), pp. 456-458. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1366-8; Beutel, M.E., Klein, E.M., Brähler, E., Reiner, I., Jünger, C., Michal, M., Wiltink, J., Tibubos, A.N., Loneliness in the general population: Prevalence, determinants and relations to mental health (2017) BMC Psychiatry, 17 (97), pp. 1-7. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1262-x; Bielicki, J.A., Duval, X., Gobat, N., Goossens, H., Koopmans, M., Tacconelli, E., Van Der Werf, S., Monitoring approaches for health-care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20 (10), pp. e261-e267. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30458-8; Burden, M., Sarcone, E., Keniston, A., Statland, B., Taub, J., Allyn, R., Reid, M., Albert, R., Curbside vs formal consultation (2013) Journal of Hospital Medicine, 8 (1), pp. 31-35. , https://doi.org/10.1002/jhm.1983; UDS data report (2019) UDS Reports 2019.pdf, , Christ Community Health (CCHS; Galea, S., Merchant, R., Lurie, N., The mental health consequences of COVID-19 and physical distancing: The need for prevention and early intervention infectious diseases (2020) JAMA Internal Medicine | JAMA Network, , https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2764404, Retrieved June15, 2020, from; Hadden, K., Partlow, D., Liverett, H., Payakachat, N., Jha, B., Lipschitz, R., Addressing homelessness and Covid-19 quarantine: A streamlined assessment and referral process (2020) NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery [E-Publication, , https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/abs/10.1056/CAT.20.0245; Hunter, C.L., Dobmeyer, A.C., Reiter, J.T., Integrating behavioral health services into primary care: Spotlight on the primary care behavioral health (pcbh) model of service delivery (2018) Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 25 (2), pp. 105-108. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-017-9534-7; Hunter, C.L., Funderburk, J.S., Polaha, J., Bauman, D., Goodie, J.L., Hunter, C.M., Primary care behavioral health (pcbh) model research: Current state of the science and a call to action (2018) Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 25 (2), pp. 127-156. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-017-9512-0; Muller, R.A.E., Stensland, R.S.Ø., Van De Velde, R.S., Smedslund, G., Flottorp, S., Stensland, S.Ø., Stroobants, S., Vist, G.E., The mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review (2020) Psychiatry Research, 293, p. 113441. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113441, ahead of print; Pfefferbaum, B., North, C.S., Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic (2020) New England Journal of Medicine, pp. 1-3. , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2008017, 383; Rajkumar, R.P., COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature (2020) Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, p. 102066. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066; Sandoval, B.E., Bell, J., Khatri, P., Robinson, P.J., Toward a unified integration approach: Uniting diverse primary care strategies under the primary care behavioral health (pcbh) model (2017) Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 25 (2), pp. 187-196. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-017-9516-9; Spoorthy, M.S., Pratapa, S.K., Mahant, S., Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic–A review (2020) Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, p. 102119. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102119; University, J.H., (2020) COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved, , https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html; Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., McIntyre, R.S., Choo, F.N., Ho, C., A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China (2020) Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87, 40–48, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028 PY - 2021 SN - 00981389 (ISSN) ST - How COVID-19 has impacted integrated care practice: lessons from the frontlines T2 - Social Work in Health Care TI - How COVID-19 has impacted integrated care practice: lessons from the frontlines UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102933880&doi=10.1080%2f00981389.2021.1904316&partnerID=40&md5=82f8f1300c70be899583fab7737b2a27 ID - 163 ER - TY - JOUR AD - World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Department of Epidemiology, Carolina Population Center, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Cowling, B. J. AU - Aiello, A. E. C2 - 32193550 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/INFDIS/JIAA123 IS - 11 J2 - J. Infect. Dis. KW - Betacoronavirus Coronavirinae Coronavirus infection environmental monitoring epidemic epidemiology human isolation and purification Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus pandemic protective equipment public health service United States virus pneumonia Coronavirus Coronavirus Infections Disease Outbreaks Humans Pandemics Personal Protective Equipment Pneumonia, Viral Public Health Practice LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :31 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JIDIA Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R01 AG057800, R01 AG061437, R01 AI129788, R01 EB025021, R01 MD011728, R01 MD013349, R21 MD012345, T32 HD091058, UL1TR001111 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, HHSN272201400006C Funding details: Russell Sage Foundation, RSF Funding details: Infectious Diseases Society of America, IDSA Funding details: Health and Medical Research Fund, HMRF Funding text 1: Financial support. B. J. C. is funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, under Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) (Contract Number HHSN272201400006C), and the Health and Medical Research Fund (Hong Kong). A. A. is funded by the following National Institutes of Health grants (R01 EB025021, R01 AG057800, R01 MD011728, UL1TR001111, R01 AI129788, T32 HD091058, R01 MD013349, R21 MD012345, and R01 AG061437). Potential conflicts of interest. B. J. C. consults for Roche and Sanofi Pasteur. A. A. received funding from the Infectious Disease Society of America, Russel Sage Foundation, and has consulted for Kinsa Inc., and re ceived an unrestricted fund for hand hygiene research from Gojo Industries, Inc. in 2015. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest. References: Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), , https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-jointmission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf, World Health Organization. Accessed March 13, 2020; Li, Q, Guan, X, Wu, P, Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1199-1207; Bootsma, MC, Ferguson, NM., The effect of public health measures on the 1918 influenza pandemic in U.S. cities (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, pp. 7588-7593; Xiao, J, Shiu, EYC, Gao, H, Nonpharmaceutical measures for pandemic influenza in nonhealthcare settings-personal protective and environmental measures (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26. , https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/5/19-0994_article; Fong, MW, Gao, H, Wong, JY, Nonpharmaceutical measures for pandemic influenza in nonhealthcare settings-social distancing measures (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26. , https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/5/19-0995_article; Drake, JM, Chew, SK, Ma, S., Societal learning in epidemics: intervention effectiveness during the 2003 SARS outbreak in Singapore (2006) PLoS One, 1, p. e20; Anderson, RM, Heesterbeek, H, Klinkenberg, D, Hollingsworth, TD., How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? (2020) Lancet PY - 2021 SN - 00221899 (ISSN) SP - 1749-1751 ST - Public health measures to slow community spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 T2 - Journal of Infectious Diseases TI - Public health measures to slow community spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85083019878&doi=10.1093%2fINFDIS%2fJIAA123&partnerID=40&md5=4998b407fc1cff2d99840d1b00b461e9 VL - 221 ID - 233 ER - TY - JOUR AB - To address the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an unprecedented global effort to advance potent neutralizing mAbs against SARS-CoV-2 as therapeutics. However, historical efforts to advance antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for the treatment of other respiratory infections have been met with categorical failures in the clinic. By investigating the mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 and similar viruses spread within the lung, along with available biodistribution data for systemically injected mAb, we highlight the challenges faced by current antiviral mAbs for COVID-19. We summarize some of the leading mAbs currently in development, and present the evidence supporting inhaled delivery of antiviral mAb as an early intervention against COVID-19 that could prevent important pulmonary morbidities associated with the infection. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. AD - Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Inhalon Biopharma, Durham, NC 27709, United States UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Cruz-Teran, C. AU - Tiruthani, K. AU - McSweeney, M. AU - Ma, A. AU - Pickles, R. AU - Lai, S. K. C2 - 33309815 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.004 J2 - Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. KW - Viruses Biodistributions Early intervention Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) Monoclonal antibodies antivirus agent immunologic factor monoclonal antibody animal chemistry diagnosis drug effect human metabolism passive immunization physiology protein secondary structure protein tertiary structure therapy virus shedding Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal Antiviral Agents COVID-19 Humans Immunization, Passive Immunologic Factors Protein Structure, Secondary Protein Structure, Tertiary SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ADDRE Correspondence Address: Lai, S.K.; Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, United States; email: lai@unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antiviral Agents; Immunologic Factors Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF, DMS-2028758 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R43AI149894-01A1, R43AI155185, R44AI138728, R44AI141054, UL1TR002489 Funding details: David and Lucile Packard Foundation, DLPF, 2013-39274 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS Funding details: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNC-CH Funding text 1: This work was financially supported by the Eshelman Institute of Innovation (S.K.L.); The David and Lucile Packard Foundation (2013-39274; S.K.L); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) , National Institutes of Health , through Grant Award Number UL1TR002489 ; National Institutes of Health under grants R43AI155185 (M.M.), R44AI138728 (M.M.), R44AI141054 (M.M.), and R43AI149894-01A1 (S.K.L, M.M. and RP); and National Science Foundation ( DMS-2028758 ; S.K.L.). This project was also supported by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly.The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH and other funders. Funding text 2: This work was financially supported by the Eshelman Institute of Innovation (S.K.L.); The David and Lucile Packard Foundation (2013-39274; S.K.L); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), National Institutes of Health, through Grant Award Number UL1TR002489; National Institutes of Health under grants R43AI155185 (M.M.), R44AI138728 (M.M.), R44AI141054 (M.M.), and R43AI149894-01A1 (S.K.L, M.M. and RP); and National Science Foundation (DMS-2028758; S.K.L.). This project was also supported by the North Carolina Policy Collaboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with funding from the North Carolina Coronavirus Relief Fund established and appropriated by the North Carolina General Assembly.The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH and other funders. References: Cohen, J., Why Flu Vaccines Don't Protect People for Long (2020), https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/08/why-flu-vaccines-don-t-protect-people-long; CDC, Vaccine Effectiveness: How Well Do the Flu Vaccines Work? (2020), https://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccines-work/vaccineeffect.htm; Wright, P.F., Karron, R.A., Belshe, R.B., Thompson, J., Crowe, J.E., Jr., Boyce, T.G., Halburnt, L.L., Murphy, B.R., Evaluation of a live, cold-passaged, temperature-sensitive, respiratory syncytial virus vaccine candidate in infancy (2000) J. Infect. Dis., 182, pp. 1331-1342; Brandenburg, A.H., Groen, J., van Steensel-Moll, H.A., Claas, E.C., Rothbarth, P.H., Neijens, H.J., Osterhaus, A.D., Respiratory syncytial virus specific serum antibodies in infants under six months of age: limited serological response upon infection (1997) J. Med. Virol., 52, pp. 97-104; Ray, G.T., Lewis, N., Klein, N.P., Daley, M.F., Wang, S.V., Kulldorff, M., Fireman, B., Intraseason waning of influenza vaccine effectiveness (2019) Clin. Infect. Dis., 68, pp. 1623-1630; Davis, C.W., Jackson, K.J.L., McCausland, M.M., Darce, J., Chang, C., Linderman, S.L., Chennareddy, C., Ahmed, R., Influenza vaccine–induced human bone marrow plasma cells decline within a year after vaccination (2020) Science, 370, p. 237; Knudsen, L., Ochs, M., The micromechanics of lung alveoli: structure and function of surfactant and tissue components (2018) Histochem. Cell Biol., 150, pp. 661-676; Wang, Y., Tang, Z., Huang, H., Li, J., Wang, Z., Yu, Y., Zhang, C., Tang, N., Pulmonary alveolar type I cell population consists of two distinct subtypes that differ in cell fate (2018) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 115, p. 2407; Yamaya, M., Finkbeiner, W.E., Chun, S.Y., Widdicombe, J.H., Differentiated structure and function of cultures from human tracheal epithelium (1992) Am. J. Phys., 262, pp. L713-L724; Whitcutt, M.J., Adler, K.B., Wu, R., A biphasic chamber system for maintaining polarity of differentiation of cultured respiratory tract epithelial cells (1988) In Vitro Cell. Develop. Biol., 24, pp. 420-428; Pickles, R.J., Human airway epithelial cell cultures for modeling respiratory syncytial virus infection (2013) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 372, pp. 371-387; Cifuentes-Muñoz, N., Dutch, R.E., Cattaneo, R., Direct cell-to-cell transmission of respiratory viruses: The fast lanes (2018) PLoS Pathog., 14; Momose, F., Sekimoto, T., Ohkura, T., Jo, S., Kawaguchi, A., Nagata, K., Morikawa, Y., Apical transport of influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein requires Rab11-positive recycling endosome (2011) PLoS One, 6; Matlin, K.S., Reggio, H., Helenius, A., Simons, K., Infectious entry pathway of influenza virus in a canine kidney cell line (1981) J. Cell Biol., 91, pp. 601-613; Thompson, C.I., Barclay, W.S., Zambon, M.C., Pickles, R.J., Infection of human airway epithelium by human and avian strains of influenza a virus (2006) J. Virol., 80, pp. 8060-8068; Rodriguez Boulan, E., Sabatini, D.D., Asymmetric budding of viruses in epithelial monlayers: a model system for study of epithelial polarity (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 75, pp. 5071-5075; Bruce, E.A., Digard, P., Stuart, A.D., The Rab11 pathway is required for influenza A virus budding and filament formation (2010) J. Virol., 84, p. 5848; Barman, S., Adhikary, L., Chakrabarti, A.K., Bernas, C., Kawaoka, Y., Nayak, D.P., Role of transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail amino acid sequences of influenza a virus neuraminidase in raft association and virus budding (2004) J. Virol., 78, pp. 5258-5269; Roberts, S.R., Compans, R.W., Wertz, G.W., Respiratory syncytial virus matures at the apical surfaces of polarized epithelial cells (1995) J. Virol., 69, pp. 2667-2673; Brock, S.C., Goldenring, J.R., Crowe, J.E., Jr., Apical recycling systems regulate directional budding of respiratory syncytial virus from polarized epithelial cells (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 100, pp. 15143-15148; Mellow, T.E., Murphy, P.C., Carson, J.L., Noah, T.L., Zhang, L., Pickles, R.J., The effect of respiratory synctial virus on chemokine release by differentiated airway epithelium (2004) Exp. Lung Res., 30, pp. 43-57; Zhang, L., Peeples, M.E., Boucher, R.C., Collins, P.L., Pickles, R.J., Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human airway epithelial cells is polarized, specific to ciliated cells, and without obvious cytopathology (2002) J. Virol., 76, pp. 5654-5666; Wright, P.F., Ikizler, M.R., Gonzales, R.A., Carroll, K.N., Johnson, J.E., Werkhaven, J.A., Growth of respiratory syncytial virus in primary epithelial cells from the human respiratory tract (2005) J. Virol., 79, p. 8651; Zhang, L., Bukreyev, A., Thompson, C.I., Watson, B., Peeples, M.E., Collins, P.L., Pickles, R.J., Infection of ciliated cells by human parainfluenza virus type 3 in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium (2005) J. Virol., 79, pp. 1113-1124; Pyrc, K., Sims, A.C., Dijkman, R., Jebbink, M., Long, C., Deming, D., Donaldson, E., Pickles, R., Culturing the unculturable: Human coronavirus HKU1 infects, replicates, and produces progeny virions in human ciliated airway epithelial cell cultures (2010) J. Virol., 84, p. 11255; Sims, A.C., Baric, R.S., Yount, B., Burkett, S.E., Collins, P.L., Pickles, R.J., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of human ciliated airway epithelia: role of ciliated cells in viral spread in the conducting airways of the lungs (2005) J. Virol., 79, pp. 15511-15524; Milewska, A., Kula-Pacurar, A., Wadas, J., Suder, A., Szczepanski, A., Dabrowska, A., Owczarek, K., Pyrc, K., Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory epithelium (2020) bioRxiv, , (2020.2003.2020.999029); Jia, H.P., Look, D.C., Shi, L., Hickey, M., Pewe, L., Netland, J., Farzan, M., McCray, P.B., Jr., ACE2 receptor expression and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection depend on differentiation of human airway epithelia (2005) J. Virol., 79, pp. 14614-14621; Jia, H.P., Look, D.C., Shi, L., Hickey, M., Pewe, L., Netland, J., Farzan, M., McCray, P.B., Jr., ACE2 receptor expression and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection depend on differentiation of human airway epithelia (2005) J. Virol., 79, pp. 14614-14621; Ortiz Bezara, M.E., Thurman, A., Pezzulo, A.A., Leidinger, M.R., Klesney-Tait, J.A., Karp, P.H., Tan, P., Meyerholz, D.K., Heterogeneous expression of the SARS-Coronavirus-2 receptor ACE2 in the human respiratory tract (2020) bioRxiv, , (2020.2004.2022.056127); Poritz, M.A., Blaschke, A.J., Byington, C.L., Meyers, L., Nilsson, K., Jones, D.E., Thatcher, S.A., Ririe, K.M., FilmArray, an automated nested multiplex PCR system for multi-pathogen detection: development and application to respiratory tract infection (2011) PLoS One, 6; Hanson, K.E., Couturier, M.R., Multiplexed molecular diagnostics for respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous system infections (2016) Clin. Infect. Dis., 63, pp. 1361-1367; Stramer, S.L., Collins, C., Nugent, T., Wang, X., Fuschino, M., Heitman, J.W., Law, J., Norris, P.J., Sensitive detection assays for influenza RNA do not reveal viremia in US blood donors (2012) J. Infect. Dis., 205, pp. 886-894; Domachowske, J.B., Rosenberg, H.F., Respiratory syncytial virus infection: immune response, immunopathogenesis, and treatment (1999) Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 12, pp. 298-309; Schuster, J.E., Williams, J.V., Human metapneumovirus (2013) Pediatr. Rev., 34, pp. 558-565; Zhang, B., Zhou, X., Zhu, C., Feng, F., Qiu, Y., Feng, J., Jia, Q., Wang, J., Immune phenotyping based on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IgG predicts disease severity and outcome for patients with COVID-19 (2020) medRxiv, , (2020.2003.2012.20035048); Mason, R.J., Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective (2020) Eur. Respir. J., 55; Tse, H., To, K.K.W., Wen, X., Chen, H., Chan, K.-H., Tsoi, H.-W., Li, I.W.S., Yuen, K.-Y., Clinical and virological factors associated with viremia in pandemic influenza A/H1N1/2009 virus infection (2011) PLoS One, 6; Preliminary clinical description of severe acute respiratory syndrome, MMWR (2003) Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 52, pp. 255-256; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Peng, Z., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) Jama, 323, pp. 1061-1069; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Cao, B., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J.A., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Shang, Y., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study (2020) Lancet Respir. Med., 8, pp. 475-481; Backer, J.A., Klinkenberg, D., Wallinga, J., Incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections among travellers from Wuhan, China, 20–28 January 2020 (2020) Eur. Surveill., 25; McBride, J.M., Lim, J.J., Burgess, T., Deng, R., Derby, M.A., Maia, M., Horn, P., Tavel, J.A., Phase 2 randomized trial of the safety and efficacy of MHAA4549A, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody, in a human influenza a virus challenge model (2017) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61; Goodman, M.R., Link, D.W., Brown, W.R., Nakane, P.K., Ultrastructural evidence of transport of secretory IgA across bronchial epithelium (1981) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 123, pp. 115-119; Mostov, K.E., Blobel, G., A transmembrane precursor of secretory component. The receptor for transcellular transport of polymeric immunoglobulins (1982) J. Biol. Chem., 257, pp. 11816-11821; Newkirk, M.M., Klein, M.H., Katz, A., Fisher, M.M., Underdown, B.J., Estimation of polymeric IgA in human serum: an assay based on binding of radiolabeled human secretory component with applications in the study of IgA nephropathy, IgA monoclonal gammopathy, and liver disease (1983) J. Immunol., 130, pp. 1176-1181; Stockley, R.A., Afford, S.C., Burnett, D., Assessment of 7S and 11S immunoglobulin A in sputum (1980) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 122, pp. 959-964; Igarashi, Y., Skoner, D.P., Doyle, W.J., White, M.V., Fireman, P., Kaliner, M.A., Analysis of nasal secretions during experimental rhinovirus upper respiratory infections (1993) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 92, pp. 722-731; Wang, Y.-Y., Harit, D., Subramani, D.B., Arora, H., Kumar, P.A., Lai, S.K., Influenza-binding antibodies immobilise influenza viruses in fresh human airway mucus (2017) Eur. Respir. J., 49; Deuschl, H., Johansson, S.G., Immunoglobulins in tracheo-bronchial secretion with special reference to IgE (1974) Clin. Exp. Immunol., 16, pp. 401-412; Nahm, D.H., Kim, H.Y., Park, H.S., Elevation of specific immunoglobulin A antibodies to both allergen and bacterial antigen in induced sputum from asthmatics (1998) Eur. Respir. J., 12, pp. 540-545; Reynolds, H.Y., Immunoglobulin G and Its function in the human respiratory tract* (1988) Mayo Clin. Proc., 63, pp. 161-174; Burnett, D., Immunoglobulins in the lung (1986) Thorax, 41, pp. 337-344; Delacroix, D.L., Dive, C., Rambaud, J.C., Vaerman, J.P., IgA subclasses in various secretions and in serum (1982) Immunology, 47, pp. 383-385; Soutar, C.A., Distribution of plasma cells and other cells containing immunoglobulin in the respiratory tract in chronic bronchitis (1977) Thorax, 32, pp. 387-396; Nijhuis-Heddes, J.M., Lindeman, J., Otto, A.J., Snieders, M.W., Kievit-Tyson, P.A., Dijkman, J.H., Distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the bronchial mucosa of patients with chronic respiratory disease (1982) Eur. J. Respir. Dis., 63, pp. 249-256; Hill, S.L., Mitchell, J.L., Burnett, D., Stockley, R.A., IgG subclasses in the serum and sputum from patients with bronchiectasis (1998) Thorax, 53, pp. 463-468; Burton, D.R., Poignard, P., Stanfield, R.L., Wilson, I.A., Broadly neutralizing antibodies present new prospects to counter highly antigenically diverse viruses (2012) Science, 337, pp. 183-186; Murin, C.D., Wilson, I.A., Ward, A.B., Antibody responses to viral infections: a structural perspective across three different enveloped viruses (2019) Nat. Microbiol., 4, pp. 734-747; Plotkin, S.A., Vaccines: correlates of vaccine-induced immunity (2008) Clin. Infect. Dis., 47, pp. 401-409; Pelegrin, M., Naranjo-Gomez, M., Piechaczyk, M., Antiviral monoclonal antibodies: can they be more than simple neutralizing agents? (2015) Trends Microbiol., 23, pp. 653-665; Dunkelberger, J.R., Song, W.-C., Complement and its role in innate and adaptive immune responses (2010) Cell Res., 20, pp. 34-50; Blue, C.E., Spiller, O.B., Blackbourn, D.J., The relevance of complement to virus biology (2004) Virology, 319, pp. 176-184; Binley, J.M., Clas, B., Gettie, A., Vesanen, M., Montefiori, D.C., Sawyer, L., Booth, J., Moore, J.P., Passive infusion of immune serum into simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques undergoing a rapid disease course has minimal effect on plasma viremia (2000) Virology, 270, pp. 237-249; Garagiola, D.M., Huard, T.K., LoBuglio, A.F., Comparison of monocyte and alveolar macrophage antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and Fc-receptor activity (1981) Cell. Immunol., 64, pp. 359-370; Naegel, G.P., Young, K.R., Reynolds, H.Y., Receptors for human IgG subclasses on human alveolar macrophages (1984) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 129, pp. 413-418; Lin, P.M., Wright, J.R., Surfactant protein A binds to IgG and enhances phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes (2006) AJP: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 291, pp. L1199-L1206; Wang, Y.-Y., Kannan, A., Nunn, K.L., Murphy, M.A., Subramani, D.B., Moench, T., Cone, R., Lai, S.K., IgG in cervicovaginal mucus traps HSV and prevents vaginal Herpes infections (2014) Mucosal Immunol., 7, pp. 1036-1044; Henry, C.E., Wang, Y.Y., Yang, Q., Hoang, T., Chattopadhyay, S., Hoen, T., Ensign, L.M., Lai, S.K., Anti-PEG antibodies alter the mobility and biodistribution of densely PEGylated nanoparticles in mucus (2016) Acta Biomater., 43, pp. 61-70; Yang, B., Schaefer, A., Wang, Y.-Y., McCallen, J., Lee, P., Newby, J.M., Arora, H., Lai, S.K., ZMapp reinforces the airway mucosal barrier against ebola virus (2018) J. Infect. Dis., 218, pp. 901-910; Newby, J., Schiller, J.L., Wessler, T., Edelstein, J., Forest, M.G., Lai, S.K., A blueprint for robust crosslinking of mobile species in biogels with weakly adhesive molecular anchors (2017) Nat. Commun., 8; Schroeder, H.A., Newby, J., Schaefer, A., Subramani, B., Tubbs, A., Gregory Forest, M., Miao, E., Lai, S.K., LPS-binding IgG arrests actively motile Salmonella Typhimurium in gastrointestinal mucus (2020) Mucosal Immunol., 13, pp. 814-823; Schroeder, H.A., Nunn, K.L., Schaefer, A., Henry, C.E., Lam, F., Pauly, M.H., Whaley, K.J., Lai, S.K., Herpes simplex virus-binding IgG traps HSV in human cervicovaginal mucus across the menstrual cycle and diverse vaginal microbial composition (2018) Mucosal Immunol., 11, pp. 1477-1486; Olmsted, S.S., Padgett, J.L., Yudin, A.I., Whaley, K.J., Moench, T.R., Cone, R.A., Diffusion of macromolecules and virus-like particles in human cervical mucus (2001) Biophys. J., 81, pp. 1930-1937; Saltzman, W.M., Radomsky, M.L., Whaley, K.J., Cone, R.A., Antibody diffusion in human cervical mucus (1994) Biophys. J., 66, pp. 508-515; Wang, Y.-Y., Harit, D., Subramani, D.B., Arora, H., Kumar, P.A., Lai, S.K., Influenza-binding antibodies immobilise influenza viruses in fresh human airway mucus (2017) Eur. Respir. J., 49; Tortorici, M.A., Veesler, D., Structural insights into coronavirus entry (2019) Adv. Virus Res., 105, pp. 93-116; Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Snijder, J., Xiong, X., Bosch, B.J., Rey, F.A., Veesler, D., Tectonic conformational changes of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein promote membrane fusion (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 114, pp. 11157-11162; Neuman, B.W., Adair, B.D., Yoshioka, C., Quispe, J.D., Orca, G., Kuhn, P., Milligan, R.A., Buchmeier, M.J., Supramolecular architecture of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus revealed by electron cryomicroscopy (2006) J. Virol., 80, pp. 7918-7928; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.-L., Abiona, O., Graham, B.S., McLellan, J.S., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science (New York, N.Y.), 367, pp. 1260-1263; Shang, J., Ye, G., Shi, K., Wan, Y., Luo, C., Aihara, H., Geng, Q., Li, F., Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 221-224; Wang, Q., Zhang, Y., Wu, L., Niu, S., Song, C., Zhang, Z., Lu, G., Qi, J., Structural and functional basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry by using human ACE2 (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 894-904. , (e899); Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Schroeder, S., Krüger, N., Herrler, T., Erichsen, S., Schiergens, T.S., Pöhlmann, S., SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 271-280. , (e278); Walls, A.C., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Wall, A., McGuire, A.T., Veesler, D., Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 281-292. , (e286); Cai, Y., Zhang, J., Xiao, T., Peng, H., Sterling, S.M., Walsh, R.M., Rawson, S., Chen, B., Distinct conformational states of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (2020) Science, 1592; Yan, R., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Xia, L., Guo, Y., Zhou, Q., Structural basis for the recognition of SARS-CoV-2 by full-length human ACE2 (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1444-1448; Benton, D.J., Wrobel, A.G., Xu, P., Roustan, C., Martin, S.R., Rosenthal, P.B., Skehel, J.J., Gamblin, S.J., Receptor binding and priming of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for membrane fusion (2020) Nature; Wrobel, A.G., Benton, D.J., Xu, P., Roustan, C., Martin, S.R., Rosenthal, P.B., Skehel, J.J., Gamblin, S.J., SARS-CoV-2 and bat RaTG13 spike glycoprotein structures inform on virus evolution and furin-cleavage effects (2020) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 27, pp. 763-767; Lan, J., Ge, J., Yu, J., Shan, S., Zhou, H., Fan, S., Zhang, Q., Wang, X., Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220; Song, W., Gui, M., Wang, X., Xiang, Y., Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2 (2018) PLoS Pathog., 14, pp. 1-19; Walls, A.C., Xiong, X., Park, Y.J., Tortorici, M.A., Snijder, J., Quispe, J., Cameroni, E., Veesler, D., Unexpected receptor functional mimicry elucidates activation of coronavirus fusion (2019) Cell, 176, pp. 1026-1039. , (e1015); Gui, M., Song, W., Zhou, H., Xu, J., Chen, S., Xiang, Y., Wang, X., Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein reveal a prerequisite conformational state for receptor binding (2017) Cell Res., 27, pp. 119-129; Kirchdoerfer, R.N., Wang, N., Pallesen, J., Wrapp, D., Turner, H.L., Cottrell, C.A., Corbett, K.S., Ward, A.B., Stabilized coronavirus spikes are resistant to conformational changes induced by receptor recognition or proteolysis (2018) Sci. Rep., 8, pp. 1-11; Roy, S., Jaiswar, A., Sarkar, R., Dynamic asymmetry exposes 2019-nCoV prefusion spike (2020) J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 11, pp. 7021-7027; Yuan, M., Wu, N.C., Zhu, X., Lee, C.C.D., So, R.T.Y., Lv, H., Mok, C.K.P., Wilson, I.A., A highly conserved cryptic epitope in the receptor binding domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV (2020) Science, 368, pp. 630-633; Tian, X., Li, C., Huang, A., Xia, S., Lu, S., Shi, Z., Lu, L., Ying, T., Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody (2020) Emerg. Microb. Infect., 9, pp. 382-385; Pinto, D., Park, Y.-J., Beltramello, M., Walls, A.C., Tortorici, M.A., Bianchi, S., Jaconi, S., Corti, D., Structural and functional analysis of a potent sarbecovirus neutralizing antibody (2020) bioRxiv, 45. , (S-102); Robbiani, D.F., Gaebler, C., Muecksch, F., Lorenzi, J.C.C., Wang, Z., Cho, A., Agudelo, M., Nussenzweig, M.C., Convergent antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 437-442; Zost, S.J., Gilchuk, P., Case, J.B., Binshtein, E., Chen, R.E., Nkolola, J.P., Schäfer, A., Crowe, J.E., Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 443-449; Andreano, E., Nicastri, E., Paciello, I., Pileri, P., Manganaro, N., Piccini, G., Manenti, A., Rappuoli, R., Identification of neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies from Italian Covid-19 convalescent patients (2020) bioRxiv, , (1=29–21=29); Brouwer, P.J.M., Caniels, T.G., van der Straten, K., Snitselaar, J.L., Aldon, Y., Bangaru, S., Torres, J.L., van Gils, M.J., Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability (2020) Science, 369, pp. 643-650; Cao, Y., Su, B., Guo, X., Sun, W., Deng, Y., Bao, L., Zhu, Q., Xie, X.S., Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients’ B cells (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 73-84. , (e16); Chen, X., Li, R., Pan, Z., Qian, C., Yang, Y., You, R., Zhao, J., Ye, L., Human monoclonal antibodies block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (2020) Cell. Mol. Immunol., 17, pp. 647-649; Hansen, J., Baum, A., Pascal, K.E., Russo, V., Giordano, S., Wloga, E., Fulton, B.O., Kyratsous, C.A., Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail (2020) Science, 369, p. 1010; Kreer, C., Zehner, M., Weber, T., Ercanoglu, M.S., Gieselmann, L., Rohde, C., Halwe, S., Klein, F., Longitudinal isolation of potent near-germline SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 843-854. , (e812); Rogers, T.F., Zhao, F., Huang, D., Beutler, N., Burns, A., He, W.-T., Limbo, O., Burton, D.R., Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model (2020) Science, 963; Seydoux, E., Homad, L.J., MacCamy, A.J., Parks, K.R., Hurlburt, N.K., Jennewein, M.F., Akins, N.R., Stamatatos, L., Characterization of neutralizing antibodies from a SARS-CoV-2 infected individual (2020) bioRxiv; Lv, Z., Deng, Y.-Q., Ye, Q., Cao, L., Sun, C.-Y., Fan, C., Huang, W., Wang, X., Structural basis for neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV by a potent therapeutic antibody (2020) Science, 5881; Wang, C., Li, W., Drabek, D., Okba, N.M.A., van Haperen, R., Osterhaus, A.D.M.E., van Kuppeveld, F.J.M., Bosch, B.J., A human monoclonal antibody blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Nat. Commun., 11, pp. 1-6; Wu, F., Wang, A., Liu, M., Wang, Q., Chen, J., Xia, S., Ling, Y., Huang, J., Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications (2020) medRxiv; Shi, R., Shan, C., Duan, X., Chen, Z., Liu, P., Song, J., Song, T., Yan, J., A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 120-124; Ju, B., Zhang, Q., Ge, J., Wang, R., Sun, J., Ge, X., Yu, J., Zhang, L., Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 115-119; Wec, A.Z., Wrapp, D., Herbert, A.S., Maurer, D.P., Haslwanter, D., Sakharkar, M., Jangra, R.K., Walker, L.M., Broad neutralization of SARS-related viruses by human monoclonal antibodies (2020) Science, 369, pp. 731-736; Byrnes, J.R., Zhou, X.X., Lui, I., Elledge, S.K., Glasgow, J.E., Lim, S.A., Loudermilk, R.P., Wells, J.A., Competitive SARS-CoV-2 serology reveals most antibodies targeting the spike receptor-binding domain compete for ACE2 binding (2020) mSphere, 5, pp. 1-11; Soo-Young, L., Cheolmin, K., Dong-Kyun, R., Jihun, L., Young-Il, K., Ji-Min, S., Yeon-Gil, K., Ki, C.Y., A novel neutralizing antibody targeting receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat. Res. Forum; Luchsinger, L.L., Ransegnola, B., Jin, D., Muecksch, F., Weisblum, Y., Bao, W., George, P.J., Hatziioannou, T., Serological assays estimate highly variable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody activity in recovered COVID19 patients (2020) J. Clin. Microbiol.; Davis, C.W., Jackson, K.J.L., McElroy, A.K., Halfmann, P., Huang, J., Chennareddy, C., Piper, A.E., Ahmed, R., Longitudinal analysis of the human B cell response to ebola virus infection (2019) Cell, 177, pp. 1566-1582. , (e1517); Wec, A.Z., Haslwanter, D., Abdiche, Y.N., Shehata, L., Pedreño-Lopez, N., Moyer, C.L., Bornholdt, Z.A., Walker, L.M., Longitudinal dynamics of the human B cell response to the yellow fever 17D vaccine (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 117, pp. 6675-6685; Pascal, K.E., Coleman, C.M., Mujica, A.O., Kamat, V., Badithe, A., Fairhurst, J., Hunt, C., Kyratsous, C.A., Pre- and postexposure efficacy of fully human antibodies against Spike protein in a novel humanized mouse model of MERS-CoV infection (2015) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 112, p. 8738; Chen, W.C., Murawsky, C.M., Strategies for generating diverse antibody repertoires using transgenic animals expressing human antibodies (2018) Front. Immunol., 9; Muyldermans, S., Nanobodies: Natural single-domain antibodies (2013) Annu. Rev. Biochem., 82, pp. 775-797; English, H., Hong, J., Ho, M., Ancient species offers contemporary therapeutics: an update on shark VNAR single domain antibody sequences, phage libraries and potential clinical applications (2020) Antibody Ther., 3, pp. 1-9; Jovčevska, I., Muyldermans, S., The therapeutic potential of nanobodies (2020) BioDrugs, 34, pp. 11-26; Scully, M., Cataland, S.R., Peyvandi, F., Coppo, P., Knöl, P., Kremer Hovinga, J.A., Metjian, A., Zeldin, R.K., Caplacizumab treatment for acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (2019) N. Engl. J. Med., 380, pp. 335-346; Larios Mora, A., Detalle, L., Gallup, J.M., Van Geelen, A., Stohr, T., Duprez, L., Ackermann, M.R., Delivery of ALX-0171 by inhalation greatly reduces respiratory syncytial virus disease in newborn lambs (2018) mAbs, 10, pp. 778-795; Chi, X., Liu, X., Wang, C., Zhang, X., Li, X., Hou, J., Ren, L., Yang, W., Humanized single domain antibodies neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the spike receptor binding domain (2020) Nat. Commun., 11; Gai, J., Ma, L., Li, G., Zhu, M., Qiao, P., Li, X., Zhang, H., Wan, Y., A potent neutralizing nanobody against SARS-CoV-2 with inhaled delivery potential (2020) bioRxiv, , (2020.2008.2009.242867–242020.242808.242809.242867); Huo, J., Le Bas, A., Ruza, R.R., Duyvesteyn, H.M.E., Mikolajek, H., Malinauskas, T., Tan, T.K., Naismith, J.H., Neutralizing nanobodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and block interaction with ACE2 (2020) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol., 27, pp. 846-854; Schoof, M., Faust, B., Saunders, R.A., Sangwan, S., Hoppe, N., Boone, M., Bache Billesbølle, C., Liu, Y., An ultra-high affinity synthetic nanobody blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection by locking Spike into an inactive conformation (2020) bioRxiv, , (2020.2008.2008.238469–232020.238408.238408.238469); Wrapp, D., De Vlieger, D., Corbett, K.S., Torres, G.M., Wang, N., Van Breedam, W., Roose, K., McLellan, J.S., Structural basis for potent neutralization of betacoronaviruses by single-domain camelid antibodies (2020) Cell, pp. 1-12; Xiang, Y., Nambulli, S., Xiao, Z., Liu, H., Sang, Z., Duprex, W.P., Schneidman-Duhovny, D., Shi, Y., Versatile, multivalent nanobody cocktails efficiently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 (2020) bioRxiv, , (2020.2008.2024.264333–262020.264308.264324.264333); Linsky, T.W., Vergara, R., Codina, N., On, J.W.N., Walker, M.J., Su, W., Hsiang, T.-Y., Silva, D.-A., De novo design of ACE2 protein decoys to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 (2020) bioRxiv, , (2020.2008.2003.231340–232020.231308.231303.231340); Cao, L., Goreshnik, I., Coventry, B., Case, J.B., Miller, L., Kozodoy, L., Chen, R.E., Baker, D., De novo design of picomolar SARS-CoV-2 miniprotein inhibitors (2020) Science, 21; Bracken, C.J., Lim, S.A., Solomon, P., Rettko, N.J., Nguyen, D.P., Zha, B.S., Schaefer, K., Wells, J.A., Bi-paratopic and multivalent human VH domains neutralize SARS-CoV-2 by targeting distinct epitopes within the ACE2 binding interface of Spike (2020) bioRxiv, , (2020.2008.2008.242511–242020.242508.242508.242511); Sun, Z., Chen, C., Li, W., Martinez, D.R., Drelich, A., Baek, D.S., Liu, X., Dimitrov, D.S., Potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by human antibody heavy-chain variable domains isolated from a large library with a new stable scaffold (2020) mAbs, 12; Weisblum, Y., Schmidt, F., Zhang, F., DaSilva, J., Poston, D., Lorenzi, J.C.C., Muecksch, F., Bieniasz, P.D., (2020), 53, pp. 1689-1699. , Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants, bioRxiv; Moore, M.J., Dorfman, T., Li, W., Wong, S.K., Li, Y., Kuhn, J.H., Coderre, J., Choe, H., Retroviruses pseudotyped with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein efficiently infect cells expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (2004) J. Virol., 78, pp. 10628-10635; Iwanaga, N., Cooper, L., Rong, L., Beddingfield, B., Crabtree, J., Tripp, R.A., Kolls, J.K., Novel ACE2-IgG1 fusions with improved activity against SARS-CoV2 (2020) bioRxiv; Chan, K.K., Dorosky, D., Sharma, P., Abbasi, S.A., Dye, J.M., Kranz, D.M., Herbert, A.S., Procko, E., Engineering human ACE2 to optimize binding to the spike protein of SARS coronavirus 2 (2020) Science, 870; Glasgow, A., Glasgow, J., Limonta, D., Solomon, P., Lui, I., Zhang, Y., Nix, M.A., Wells, J.A., Engineered ACE2 receptor traps potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2 (2020) bioRxiv; Higuchi, Y., Suzuki, T., Arimori, T., Ikemura, N., Kirita, Y., High affinity modified ACE2 receptors prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) bioRxiv; Xiao, A.T., Lu, J., Zhang, J., Johnson, R.I., A trimeric human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as an anti- SARS-CoV-2 agent in vitro (2020) bioRxiv; Guo, L., Bi, W., Wang, X., Xu, W., Yan, R., Zhang, Y., Zhao, K., Dang, B., Engineered trimeric ACE2 binds and locks “Three-up” spike protein to potently inhibit SARS-CoVs and mutants (2020) bioRxiv, 1. , (2020.2008.2031.274704–272020.274708.274731.274704); Miao, X., Luo, Y., Huang, X., Lee, S.M.Y., Yuan, Z., Tang, Y., Chen, L., Xu, Y., A novel biparatopic hybrid antibody-ACE2 fusion that blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection: implications for therapy (2020) mAbs, 12; Johansen, M.D., Irving, A., Montagutelli, X., Tate, M.D., Rudloff, I., Nold, M.F., Hansbro, N.G., Hansbro, P.M., Animal and translational models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 (2020) Mucosal Immunol.; Muñoz-Fontela, C., Dowling, W.E., Funnell, S.G.P., Gsell, P.-S., Balta, X.R., Albrecht, R.A., Andersen, H., Barouch, D.H., Animal models for COVID-19 (2020) Nature; E.L.A. Company, Lilly Announces Proof of Concept Data for Neutralizing Antibody LY-CoV555 in the COVID-19 Outpatient Setting (2020), https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lilly-announces-proof-concept-data-neutralizing-antibody-ly; Chen, P., Nirula, A., Heller, B., Gottlieb, R.L., Boscia, J., Morris, J., Huhn, G., Skovronsky, D.M., SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody LY-CoV555 in outpatients with covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med.; Regeneron, Regeneron's Regn-Cov2 Antibody Cocktail Reduced Viral Levels And Improved Symptoms In Non-Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients https://investor.regeneron.com/news-releases/news-release-details/regenerons-regn-cov2-antibody-cocktail-reduced-viral-levels-and; T.A. Society, COVID-19 Biologics Tracker https://www.antibodysociety.org/covid-19-biologics-tracker/; Baum, A., Fulton, B.O., Wloga, E., Copin, R., Pascal, K.E., Russo, V., Giordano, S., Kyratsous, C.A., Antibody cocktail to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein prevents rapid mutational escape seen with individual antibodies (2020) Science, 1018; Rondy, M., El Omeiri, N., Thompson, M.G., Levêque, A., Moren, A., Sullivan, S.G., Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing severe influenza illness among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design case-control studies (2017) J. Inf. Secur., 75, pp. 381-394; Mulholland, K., Global burden of acute respiratory infections in children: implications for interventions (2003) Pediatr. Pulmonol., 36, pp. 469-474; Ali, S.O., Takas, T., Nyborg, A., Shoemaker, K., Kallewaard, N.L., Chiong, R., Dubovsky, F., Mallory, R.M., Evaluation of MEDI8852, an anti-influenza a monoclonal antibody, in treating acute uncomplicated influenza (2018) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 62; Kallewaard, N.L., Corti, D., Collins, P.J., Neu, U., McAuliffe, J.M., Benjamin, E., Wachter-Rosati, L., Skehel, J.J., Structure and function analysis of an antibody recognizing all influenza A subtypes (2016) Cell, 166, pp. 596-608; Nakamura, G., Chai, N., Park, S., Chiang, N., Lin, Z., Chiu, H., Fong, R., Swem, L.R., An in vivo human-plasmablast enrichment technique allows rapid identification of therapeutic Influenza A antibodies (2013) Cell Host Microbe, 14, pp. 93-103; Tharakaraman, K., Subramanian, V., Cain, D., Sasisekharan, V., Sasisekharan, R., Broadly neutralizing influenza hemagglutinin stem-specific antibody CR8020 targets residues that are prone to escape due to host selection pressure (2014) Cell Host Microbe, 15, pp. 644-651; Ekiert, D.C., Bhabha, G., Elsliger, M.A., Friesen, R.H., Jongeneelen, M., Throsby, M., Goudsmit, J., Wilson, I.A., Antibody recognition of a highly conserved influenza virus epitope (2009) Science, 324, pp. 246-251; Throsby, M., van den Brink, E., Jongeneelen, M., Poon, L.L., Alard, P., Cornelissen, L., Bakker, A., Goudsmit, J., Heterosubtypic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies cross-protective against H5N1 and H1N1 recovered from human IgM+ memory B cells (2008) PLoS One, 3; Hershberger, E., Sloan, S., Narayan, K., Hay, C.A., Smith, P., Engler, F., Jeeninga, R., Oldach, D., Safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibody VIS410 in adults with uncomplicated influenza A infection: Results from a randomized, double-blind, phase-2, placebo-controlled study (2019) EBioMedicine, 40, pp. 574-582; Baranovich, T., Jones, J.C., Russier, M., Vogel, P., Szretter, K.J., Sloan, S.E., Seiler, P., Govorkova, E.A., The hemagglutinin stem-binding monoclonal antibody VIS410 controls influenza virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (2016) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 60, p. 2118; Wu, H., Pfarr, D.S., Johnson, S., Brewah, Y.A., Woods, R.M., Patel, N.K., White, W.I., Kiener, P.A., Development of motavizumab, an ultra-potent antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract (2007) J. Mol. Biol., 368, pp. 652-665; Wegzyn, C., Toh, L.K., Notario, G., Biguenet, S., Unnebrink, K., Park, C., Makari, D., Norton, M., Safety and effectiveness of palivizumab in children at high risk of serious disease due to respiratory syncytial virus infection: a systematic review (2014) Infect. Dis. Ther., 3, pp. 133-158; Tang, A., Chen, Z., Cox, K.S., Su, H.-P., Callahan, C., Fridman, A., Zhang, L., Vora, K.A., A potent broadly neutralizing human RSV antibody targets conserved site IV of the fusion glycoprotein (2019) Nat. Commun., 10, p. 4153; Hart, T.K., Cook, R.M., Zia-Amirhosseini, P., Minthorn, E., Sellers, T.S., Maleeff, B.E., Eustis, S., Herzyk, D.J., Preclinical efficacy and safety of mepolizumab (SB-240563), a humanized monoclonal antibody to IL-5, in cynomolgus monkeys (2001) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 108, pp. 250-257; Dall'Acqua, W.F., Kiener, P.A., Wu, H., Properties of human IgG1s engineered for enhanced binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281, pp. 23514-23524; T.I.-R.S. Group, Palivizumab, a humanized respiratory syncytial virus monoclonal antibody, reduces hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants (1998) Pediatrics, 102, p. 531; Carbonell-Estrany, X., Simões, E.A., Dagan, R., Hall, C.B., Harris, B., Hultquist, M., Connor, E.M., Losonsky, G.A., Motavizumab for prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk children: a noninferiority trial (2010) Pediatrics, 125. , (e35-51); Pamela Griffin, M., Yuan, Y., Takas, T., DeVincenzo, J., Domachowske, J.B., Simoes, E.A., Khan, A., Villafana, T.L., 901. MEDI8897 Prevents serious RSV disease in healthy preterm infants (2019) Open Forum Infect Dis, 6. , (S27-S27); Roche, J.A., Roche, R., A hypothesized role for dysregulated bradykinin signaling in COVID-19 respiratory complications (2020) FASEB J., 34, pp. 7265-7269; Herold, T., Jurinovic, V., Arnreich, C., Lipworth, B.J., Hellmuth, J.C., von Bergwelt-Baildon, M., Klein, M., Weinberger, T., Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 (2020) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 146, pp. 128-136. , (e124); Lipworth, B., Chan, R., Lipworth, S., RuiWen Kuo, C., Weathering the cytokine storm in susceptible patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 8, pp. 1798-1801; He, G., Massarella, J., Ward, P., Clinical pharmacokinetics of the prodrug oseltamivir and its active metabolite Ro 64–0802 (1999) Clin. Pharmacokinet., 37, pp. 471-484; Respaud, R., Vecellio, L., Diot, P., Heuzé-Vourc'h, N., Nebulization as a delivery method for mAbs in respiratory diseases (2015) Expert. Opin. Drug Deliv., 12, pp. 1027-1039; Guilleminault, L., Azzopardi, N., Arnoult, C., Sobilo, J., Hervé, V., Montharu, J., Guillon, A., Heuzé-Vourc'h, N., Fate of inhaled monoclonal antibodies after the deposition of aerosolized particles in the respiratory system (2014) J. Control. Release, 196, pp. 344-354; Ramilo, O., Lagos, R., Sáez-Llorens, X., Suzich, J., Wang, C.K., Jensen, K.M., Harris, B.S., Griffin, M.P., Motavizumab treatment of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection does not decrease viral load or severity of illness (2014) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 33, pp. 703-709; Dhand, R., Sohal, H., Pulmonary Drug Delivery System for inhalation therapy in mechanically ventilated patients (2008) Expert Rev. Med. Dev., 5, pp. 9-18; Carbonell-Estrany, X., Simões, E.A.F., Dagan, R., Hall, C.B., Harris, B., Hultquist, M., Connor, E.M., Losonsky, G.A., Motavizumab for prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk children: a noninferiority trial (2010) Pediatrics, 125; Zhu, Q., Lu, B., McTamney, P., Palaszynski, S., Diallo, S., Ren, K., Ulbrandt, N.D., Suzich, J.A., Prevalence and significance of substitutions in the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus resulting in neutralization escape from antibody MEDI8897 (2018) J. Infect. Dis., 218, pp. 572-580; Zhu, Q., McLellan, J.S., Kallewaard, N.L., Ulbrandt, N.D., Palaszynski, S., Zhang, J., Moldt, B., Suzich, J.A., A highly potent extended half-life antibody as a potential RSV vaccine surrogate for all infants (2017) Sci. Transl. Med., 9; Oswald, W.B., Geisbert, T.W., Davis, K.J., Geisbert, J.B., Sullivan, N.J., Jahrling, P.B., Parren, P.W., Burton, D.R., Neutralizing antibody fails to impact the course of Ebola virus infection in monkeys (2007) PLoS Pathog., 3; Kim, K.J., Fandy, T.E., Lee, V.H., Ann, D.K., Borok, Z., Crandall, E.D., Net absorption of IgG via FcRn-mediated transcytosis across rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayers (2004) Am. J. Phys. Lung Cell. Mol. Phys., 287, pp. L616-L622; Tzotzos, S.J., Fischer, B., Fischer, H., Zeitlinger, M., Incidence of ARDS and outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a global literature survey (2020) Crit. Care, 24; Ragab, D., Salah Eldin, H., Taeimah, M., Khattab, R., Salem, R., The COVID-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far (2020) Front. Immunol., 11; Zeng, Q.L., Yu, Z.J., Gou, J.J., Li, G.M., Ma, S.H., Zhang, G.F., Xu, J.H., Liu, Z.S., Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on viral shedding and survival in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J. Infect. Dis., 222, pp. 38-43; Spagnolo, P., Balestro, E., Aliberti, S., Cocconcelli, E., Biondini, D., Casa, G.D., Sverzellati, N., Maher, T.M., Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms? (2020) Lancet Respir. Med., 8, pp. 750-752; Zuo, W., Zhao, X., Chen, Y.-G., SARS Coronavirus and Lung Fibrosis, Molecular Biology of the SARS-Coronavirus (2009), pp. 247-258; Lilly, E., Lilly's Neutralizing Antibody Bamlanivimab (LY-CoV555) Receives FDA Emergency Use Authorization for the Treatment of Recently Diagnosed COVID-19 (2020), https://investor.lilly.com/news-releases/news-release-details/lillys-neutralizing-antibody-bamlanivimab-ly-cov555-receives-fda; Regeneron, Regeneron's REGEN-COV2 is First Antibody Cocktail for COVID-19 to Receive FDA Emergency Use Authorization (2020), https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/regenerons-regen-cov2-is-first-antibody-cocktail-for-covid-19-to-receive-fda-emergency-use-authorization-301178464.html; Guillon, A., Pardessus, J., Lhommet, P., Parent, C., Respaud, R., Marchand, D., Montharu, J., Heuze-Vourc'h, N., Exploring the fate of inhaled monoclonal antibody in the lung parenchyma by microdialysis (2019) mAbs, 11, pp. 297-304; Vonarburg, C., Loetscher, M., Spycher, M.O., Kropf, A., Illi, M., Salmon, S., Roberts, S., Zuercher, A.W., Topical application of nebulized human IgG, IgA and IgAM in the lungs of rats and non-human primates (2019) Respir. Res., 20, p. 99; Fahy, J.V., Cockcroft, D.W., Boulet, L.P., Wong, H.H., Deschesnes, F., Davis, E.E., Ruppel, J., Adelman, D.C., Effect of aerosolized anti-IgE (E25) on airway responses to inhaled allergen in asthmatic subjects (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 160, pp. 1023-1027; Leyva-Grado, V.H., Tan, G.S., Leon, P.E., Yondola, M., Palese, P., Direct administration in the respiratory tract improves efficacy of broadly neutralizing anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies (2015) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 59, p. 4162; Prince, G.A., Hemming, V.G., Horswood, R.L., Baron, P.A., Chanock, R.M., Effectiveness of topically administered neutralizing antibodies in experimental immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats (1987) J. Virol., 61, pp. 1851-1854; Weltzin, R., Traina-Dorge, V., Soike, K., Zhang, J.Y., Mack, P., Soman, G., Drabik, G., Monath, T.P., Intranasal monoclonal IgA antibody to respiratory syncytial virus protects rhesus monkeys against upper and lower respiratory tract infection (1996) J. Infect. Dis., 174, pp. 256-261; Burgess, G., Boyce, M., Jones, M., Larsson, L., Main, M.J., Morgan, F., Phillips, P., Palframan, R., Randomized study of the safety and pharmacodynamics of inhaled interleukin-13 monoclonal antibody fragment VR942 (2018) EBioMedicine, 35, pp. 67-75; Novartis, A Randomized, Subject and Investigator-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Design, Broncho-Provocation Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Multiple Doses of Inhaled CSJ117 in Adult Subjects with Mild Atopic Asthma (2020), https://www.novctrd.com/CtrdWeb/searchbystudyid.nov#CCSJ117X2201; Bodier-Montagutelli, E., Mayor, A., Vecellio, L., Respaud, R., Heuzé-Vourc'h, N., Designing inhaled protein therapeutics for topical lung delivery: what are the next steps? (2018) Expert Opin. Drug Deliv., 15, pp. 729-736; Lip Kwok, P.C., Chan, H.-K., Chapter 2 - Pulmonary delivery of peptides and proteins (2011) Peptide and Protein Delivery, pp. 23-46. , C. Van Der Walle Academic Press Boston; Kane, C., O'Neil, K., Conk, M., Picha, K., Inhalation delivery of protein therapeutics (2013) Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets, 12, pp. 81-87; Carvalho, T.C., Peters, J.I., Williams, R.O., Influence of particle size on regional lung deposition – What evidence is there? (2011) Int. J. Pharm., 406, pp. 1-10; Borghardt, J.M., Kloft, C., Sharma, A., Inhaled therapy in respiratory disease: the complex interplay of pulmonary kinetic processes (2018) Can. Respir. J., 2018; Costa, A., Pinheiro, M., Magalhães, J., Ribeiro, R., Seabra, V., Reis, S., Sarmento, B., The formulation of nanomedicines for treating tuberculosis (2016) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 102, pp. 102-115; Laube, B.L., Janssens, H.M., de Jongh, F.H.C., Devadason, S.G., Dhand, R., Diot, P., Everard, M.L., Chrystyn, H., What the pulmonary specialist should know about the new inhalation therapies (2011) Eur. Respir. J., 37, p. 1308; Behr, J., Zimmermann, G., Baumgartner, R., Leuchte, H., Neurohr, C., Brand, P., Herpich, C., Keller, M., Lung deposition of a liposomal cyclosporine a inhalation solution in patients after lung transplantation (2009) J. Aerosol. Med. Pulmon. Drug Deliv., 22, pp. 121-130; Nikander, K., Prince, I., Coughlin, S., Warren, S., Taylor, G., Mode of breathing—tidal or slow and deep—through the I-neb Adaptive Aerosol Delivery (AAD) system affects lung deposition of 99mTc-DTPA (2010) J. Aerosol. Med. Pulmon. Drug Deliv., 23, pp. S-37-S-43; Pritchard, J.N., Hatley, R.H., Denyer, J., Hollen, D.V., Mesh nebulizers have become the first choice for new nebulized pharmaceutical drug developments (2018) Ther. Deliv., 9, pp. 121-136; Longest, W., Spence, B., Hindle, M., Devices for improved delivery of nebulized pharmaceutical aerosols to the lungs (2019) J. Aerosol. Med. Pulmon. Drug Deliv., 32, pp. 317-339; Coates, A.L., Green, M., Leung, K., Chan, J., Ribeiro, N., Louca, E., Ratjen, F., Keller, M., Rapid pulmonary delivery of inhaled tobramycin for Pseudomonas infection in cystic fibrosis: a pilot project (2008) Pediatr. Pulmonol., 43, pp. 753-759; Fängmark, I., Carpin, J.C., Protein nebulization (1996) J. Aerosol Sci., 27, pp. S231-S232; Hertel, S.P., Winter, G., Friess, W., Protein stability in pulmonary drug delivery via nebulization (2015) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 93, pp. 79-94; Clay, M., Newman, S., Pavia, D., Lennard-Jones, T., Assessment of jet nebulisers for lung aerosol therapy (1983) Lancet, 322, pp. 592-594; McCarthy, S.D., González, H.E., Higgins, B.D., Future trends in nebulized therapies for pulmonary disease (2020) J. Pers. Med., 10; Taylor, K.M.G., McCallion, O.N.M., Ultrasonic nebulisers for pulmonary drug delivery (1997) Int. J. Pharm., 153, pp. 93-104; Steckel, H., Eskandar, F., Factors affecting aerosol performance during nebulization with jet and ultrasonic nebulizers (2003) Eur. J. Pharm. Sci., 19, pp. 443-455; Bohr, A., Beck-Broichsitter, M., Generation of tailored aerosols for inhalative drug delivery employing recent vibrating-mesh nebulizer systems (2015) Ther. Deliv., 6, pp. 621-636; Maillet, A., Congy-Jolivet, N., Le Guellec, S., Vecellio, L., Hamard, S., Courty, Y., Courtois, A., Heuzé-Vourc'h, N., Aerodynamical, immunological and pharmacological properties of the anticancer antibody cetuximab following nebulization (2008) Pharm. Res., 25, pp. 1318-1326; Van Heeke, G., Allosery, K., De Brabandere, V., De Smedt, T., Detalle, L., de Fougerolles, A., Nanobodies® as inhaled biotherapeutics for lung diseases (2017) Pharmacol. Ther., 169, pp. 47-56; Sawicki, G.S., Chou, W., Raimundo, K., Trzaskoma, B., Konstan, M.W., Randomized trial of efficacy and safety of dornase alfa delivered by eRapid nebulizer in cystic fibrosis patients (2015) J. Cyst. Fibros., 14, pp. 777-783; Arzu, A., Jet, ultrasonic, and mesh nebulizers: an evaluation of nebulizers for better clinical outcomes (2014) Eurasian J. Pulmonol., 16, pp. 1-7; Denyer, J., Nikander, K., Smith, N.J., Adaptive aerosol delivery (AAD®) technology (2004) Expert. Opin. Drug Deliv., 1, pp. 165-176; Denyer, J., Dyche, T., The Adaptive Aerosol Delivery (AAD) technology: Past, present, and future (2010) J. Aerosol. Med. Pulmon. Drug Deliv., 23, pp. S1-S10; Geller, D.E., Kesser, K.C., The I-neb Adaptive Aerosol Delivery System enhances delivery of alpha1-antitrypsin with controlled inhalation (2010) J. Aerosol. Med. Pulmon. Drug Deliv., 23, pp. S55-S59; Nikander, K., Prince, I., Coughlin, S., Warren, S., Taylor, G., Mode of breathing-tidal or slow and deep-through the I-neb Adaptive Aerosol Delivery (AAD) system affects lung deposition of (99m)Tc-DTPA (2010) J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv., 23, pp. S37-S43; Lightwood, D., O'Dowd, V., Carrington, B., Veverka, V., Carr, M.D., Tservistas, M., Henry, A.J., Palframan, R., The discovery, engineering and characterisation of a highly potent anti-human IL-13 Fab fragment designed for administration by inhalation (2013) J. Mol. Biol., 425, pp. 577-593; Lightwood, D., Tservistas, M., Zehentleitner, M., Sarkar, K., Turner, A., Bracher, M., Smith, B., Palframan, R.T., Efficacy of an inhaled IL-13 antibody fragment in a model of chronic asthma (2018) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 198, pp. 610-619; Respaud, R., Marchand, D., Parent, C., Pelat, T., Thullier, P., Tournamille, J.-F., Viaud-Massuard, M.-C., Heuzé-Vourc'h, N., Effect of formulation on the stability and aerosol performance of a nebulized antibody (2014) mAbs, 6, pp. 1347-1355; Sala, V., Murabito, A., Ghigo, A., Inhaled biologicals for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (2019) Recent Pat. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Discov., 13, pp. 19-26; Djukanović, R., Harrison, T., Johnston, S.L., Gabbay, F., Wark, P., Thomson, N.C., Niven, R., I.S. Group, The effect of inhaled IFN-β on worsening of asthma symptoms caused by viral infections. A randomized trial (2014) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 190, pp. 145-154; Stolk, J., Tov, N., Chapman, K.R., Fernandez, P., MacNee, W., Hopkinson, N.S., Piitulainen, E., Stockley, R.A., Efficacy and safety of inhaled alpha-1-antitrypsin in patients with severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and frequent exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2019) Eur. Respir. J.; Trapnell, B.C., Inoue, Y., Bonella, F., Morgan, C., Jouneau, S., Bendstrup, E., Campo, I., Jouhikainen, T., Inhaled molgramostim therapy in autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (2020) N. Engl. J. Med. PY - 2021 SN - 0169409X (ISSN) SP - 100-117 ST - Challenges and opportunities for antiviral monoclonal antibodies as COVID-19 therapy T2 - Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews TI - Challenges and opportunities for antiviral monoclonal antibodies as COVID-19 therapy UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098719471&doi=10.1016%2fj.addr.2020.12.004&partnerID=40&md5=6e56e93f6478c02c63de134176e5b1e6 VL - 169 ID - 125 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations are particularly vulnerable to poor COVID19 outcomes and are more likely to experience stigma and medical mistrust that may impact COVID19 vaccine acceptance. This study examined the prevalence of COVID testing and diagnosis and assessed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among a large sample of SGM. Participants were recruited as part of an online cross-sectional study focused on an HIV biomedical prevention technology willingness in the United States at increased risk for HIV sero-conversion. Multivariate linear analysis was conducted to examine COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. The study sample included 1350 predominately gay (61.6%), Black (57.9%), cis-gender (95.7%) males with a mean age of 32.9 years. Medical mistrust and social concern regarding COVID-19 vaccine stigma were significantly associated with decreased COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, and altruism was significantly associated with increased vaccine acceptance. Black participants were significantly less likely to accept a COVID-19 vaccine, and Asian participants were significantly more likely to accept a vaccine, compared to White peers. As the planning of COVID-19 vaccine rollout efforts is conceptualized and designed, these data may inform equitable implementation strategies and prevent worsening health inequities among SGM populations. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. AD - Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States Fenway Health, Boston, MA 02215, United States Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, United States AU - da Silva, D. T. AU - Biello, K. AU - Lin, W. Y. AU - Valente, P. K. AU - Mayer, K. H. AU - Hightow-Weidman, L. AU - Bauermeister, J. A. C7 - 204 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3390/vaccines9030204 IS - 3 J2 - Vaccines KW - Acceptance COVID-19 Gender Minority Sexual Vaccine LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Bauermeister, J.A.; Department of Family and Community Health, United States; email: bjose@nursing.upenn.edu Funding details: U19HD089881 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: University of Pennsylvania Funding details: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, AHCPR, T32HS0226116 Funding text 1: This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions and the University of North Carolina/Emory Center for Innovative Technology (U19HD089881). DTdS is supported by the National Clinical Scholar Program at the University of Pennsylvania and the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (T32HS0226116). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIH. References: McClung, N., Chamberland, M., Kinlaw, K., Matthew, D.B., Wallace, M., Bell, B.P., Lee, G.M., Oliver, S.E., The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Ethical Principles for Allocating Initial Supplies of COVID-19 Vaccine–United States, 2020 (2020) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 69, pp. 1782-1786. , [CrossRef]; A Framework for Equitable Allocation of Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus, , https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/a-framework-for, National Academies of Sciences. (accessed on 27 February 2021); Kreps, S., Prasad, S., Brownstein, J.S., Hswen, Y., Garibaldi, B.T., Zhang, B., Kriner, D.L., Factors Associated with US Adults’ Likelihood of Accepting COVID-19 Vaccination (2020) JAMA Netw. Open, 3, p. e2025594. , [CrossRef]; Reiter, P.L., Pennell, M.L., Katz, M.L., Acceptability of a COVID-19 vaccine among adults in the United States: How many people would get vaccinated? (2020) Vaccine, 38, pp. 6500-6507. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Fisher, K.A., Bloomstone, S.J., Walder, J., Crawford, S., Fouayzi, H., Mazor, K.M., Attitudes Toward a Potential SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: A Survey of U.S. Adults (2020) Ann. Intern. Med, 173, pp. 964-973. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Malik, A.A., McFadden, S.M., Elharake, J., Omer, S.B., Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in the US (2020) EClinicalMedicine, 26, p. 100495. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Hatzenbuehler, M.L., Phelan, J.C., Link, B.G., Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities (2013) Am. J. Public Health, 103, pp. 813-821. , [CrossRef]; Gibb, J.K., DuBois, L.Z., Williams, S., McKerracher, L., Juster, R.P., Fields, J., Sexual and gender minority health vulnerabilities during the COVID-19 health crisis (2020) Am. J. Hum. Biol, 32, p. e23499. , [CrossRef]; Heslin, K.C., Hall, J.E., Sexual Orientation Disparities in Risk Factors for Adverse COVID-19–Related Outcomes, by Race/Ethnicity— Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2017–2019 (2021) Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep, 70, pp. 149-154. , [CrossRef]; Camargo, E.L.S., de Oliveira, B.I.A., Siffoni, I.F., de Sousa, A.R., Teixeira, J.R.B., Mendes, I.A.C., de Sousa, A.F.L., Low Psychological Well-Being Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) During the Shelter-In-Place Orders To Prevent The COVID-19 Spread: Results From A Nationwide Study (2020) medRxiv, , [CrossRef]; Suen, Y.T., Chan, R.C.H., Wong, E.M.Y., Effects of general and sexual minority-specific COVID-19-related stressors on the mental health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people in Hong Kong (2020) Psychiatry Res, 292, p. 113365. , [CrossRef]; Santos, G.M., Ackerman, B., Rao, A., Wallach, S., Ayala, G., Lamontage, E., Garner, A., Silenzio, V., Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men (2020) AIDS Behav, , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Jarrett, B.A., Peitzmeier, S.M., Restar, A., Howell, T.A.S., Baral, S., Beckham, S.W., Gender-affirming care, mental health, and economic stability in the time of COVID-19: A global cross-sectional study of transgender and non-binary people (2020) medRxiv, , [CrossRef]; MacCarthy, S., Izenberg, M., Barreras, J.L., Brooks, R.A., Gonzalez, A., Linnemayr, S., Rapid mixed-methods assessment of COVID-19 impact on Latinx sexual minority men and Latinx transgender women (2020) PLoS ONE, 15, p. e0244421. , [CrossRef]; Raifman, M.A., Raifman, J.R., Disparities in the Population at Risk of Severe Illness From COVID-19 by Race/Ethnicity and Income (2020) Am. J. Prev. Med, 59, pp. 137-139. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Ruprecht, M.M., Wang, X., Johnson, A.K., Xu, J., Felt, D., Ihenacho, S., Stonehouse, P., Costa, D., Evidence of Social and Structural COVID-19 Disparities by Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Race/Ethnicity in an Urban Environment (2020) J. Urban Health, 98, pp. 27-40. , [CrossRef]; Moore, S.E., Wierenga, K.L., Prince, D.M., Gillani, B., Mintz, L.J., Disproportionate Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Perceived Social Support, Mental Health and Somatic Symptoms in Sexual and Gender Minority Populations (2021) J. Homosex, pp. 1-15. , [CrossRef]; McConnell, E.A., Janulis, P., Phillips, G., Truong, R., Birkett, M., Multiple Minority Stress and LGBT Community Resilience among Sexual Minority Men (2018) Psychol. Sex. Orientat. Gend. Divers, 5, pp. 1-12. , [CrossRef]; Connochie, D., Tingler, R.C., Bauermeister, J.A., Young men who have sex with men’s awareness, acceptability, and willingness to participate in HIV vaccine trials: Results from a nationwide online pilot study (2019) Vaccine, 37, pp. 6494-6499. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Reiter, P.L., McRee, A.L., Katz, M.L., Paskett, E.D., Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Young Adult Gay and Bisexual Men in the United States (2015) Am. J. Public Health, 105, pp. 96-102. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Wheldon, C.W., Daley, E.M., Walsh-Buhi, E.R., Baldwin, J.A., Nyitray, A.G., Giuliano, A.R., An Integrative Theoretical Framework for HPV Vaccine Promotion Among Male Sexual Minorities (2018) Am. J. Mens Health, 12, pp. 1409-1420. , [CrossRef]; Jaiswal, J., Halkitis, P.N., Towards a More Inclusive and Dynamic Understanding of Medical Mistrust Informed by Science (2019) Behav. Med, 45, pp. 79-85. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Eaton, L.A., Driffin, D.D., Kegler, C., Smith, H., Conway-Washington, C., White, D., Cherry, C., The role of stigma and medical mistrust in the routine health care engagement of black men who have sex with men (2015) Am. J. Public Health, 105, pp. e75-e82. , [CrossRef]; Kerr, J.R., Schneider, C.R., Recchia, G., Dryhurst, S., Sahlin, U., Dufouil, C., Arwidson, P., van der Linden, S., Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across time and countries (2020) medRxiv, , [CrossRef]; Latkin, C., Dayton, L., Yi, G., Kong, X., Mask usage, social distancing, racial, and gender correlates of COVID-19 vaccine intentions among adults in the US (2021) PloS ONE, 16, p. e0246970. , [CrossRef]; Lee, S.-J., Newman, P.A., Duan, N., Cunningham, W.E., Development of an HIV vaccine attitudes scale to predict HIV vaccine acceptability among vulnerable populations: LA VOICES (2014) Vaccine, 32, pp. 5013-5018. , [CrossRef]; LaVeist, T.A., Isaac, L.A., Williams, K.P., Mistrust of health care organizations is associated with underutilization of health services (2009) Health Serv. Res, 44, pp. 2093-2105. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Jaiswal, J., LoSchiavo, C., Perlman, D.C., Disinformation, Misinformation and Inequality-Driven Mistrust in the Time of COVID-19: Lessons Unlearned from AIDS Denialism (2020) AIDS Behav, 24, pp. 2776-2780. , [CrossRef]; Earnshaw, V.A., Eaton, L.A., Kalichman, S.C., Brousseau, N.M., Hill, E.C., Fox, A.B., COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, health behaviors, and policy support (2020) Transl. Behav. Med, 10, pp. 850-856. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Latkin, C., Dayton, L., Yi, G., Konstantopoulos, A., Boodram, B., Trust in a COVID-19 vaccine in the US: A social-ecological perspective (2021) Soc. Sci. Med, 1270, p. 113684. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Lazarus, J.V., Ratzan, S.C., Palayew, A., Gostin, L.O., Larson, H.J., Rabin, K., Kimball, S., El-Mohandes, A., A global survey of potential acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine (2020) Nat. Med, 27, pp. 225-228. , [CrossRef]; Bogart, L.M., Ojikutu, B.O., Tyagi, K., Klein, D.J., Mutchler, M.G., Dong, L., Lawrence, S.J., Kellman, S., COVID-19 Related Medical Mistrust, Health Impacts, and Potential Vaccine Hesitancy Among Black Americans Living with HIV (2020) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr, 86, pp. 200-207. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Lin, C., Tu, P., Beitsch, L.M., Confidence and Receptivity for COVID-19 Vaccines: A Rapid Systematic Review (2020) Vaccines, 9, p. 16. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Rolfe, A., Cash-Gibson, L., Car, J., Sheikh, A., McKinstry, B., Interventions for improving patients’ trust in doctors and groups of doctors (2014) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev, , [CrossRef]; Ramos, S.R., Warren, R., Shedlin, M., Melkus, G., Kershaw, T., Vorderstrasse, A., A Framework for Using eHealth Interventions to Overcome Medical Mistrust Among Sexual Minority Men of Color Living with Chronic Conditions (2019) Behav. Med, 45, pp. 166-176. , [CrossRef]; Desai, M.U., Bellamy, C., Guy, K., Costa, M., O’Connell, M.J., Davidson, L., “If You Want to Know About the Book, Ask the Author”: Enhancing Community Engagement Through Participatory Research in Clinical Mental Health Settings (2019) Behav. Med, 45, pp. 177-187. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Quinn, K.G., Applying the Popular Opinion Leader Intervention for HIV to COVID-19 (2020) AIDS Behav, 24, pp. 3291-3294. , [CrossRef]; Ferdinand, K.C., Nedunchezhian, S., Reddy, T.K., The COVID-19 and Influenza “Twindemi”: Barriers to Influenza Vaccination and Potential Acceptance of SARS-CoV2 Vaccination in African Americans (2020) J. Natl. Med. Assoc, 112, pp. 681-687. , [CrossRef]; Twitter Flags Trump, White House for ‘Glorifying Violence’ After Tweeting Minneapolis Looting Will Lead to ‘Shooting’, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/29/trump-minneapolistwitter-protest/, The Washington Post. 29 May 2020. (accessed on 21 January 21); Hamel, L., Lopes, L., Muñana, C., Artiga, S., Brodie, M., Race, Health, and COVID-19: The Views and Experiences of Black Americans Key Findings from the KFF/Undefeated Survey on Race and Health, , https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/report/kff-the-undefeated-survey-on-race-and-health/, Kaiser Family Foundation. October 2020. (accessed on 21 January 21); Crawford, I., Allison, K.W., Zamboni, B.D., Soto, T., The influence of dual-identity development on the psychosocial functioning of African-American gay and bisexual men (2002) J. Sex. Res, 39, pp. 179-189. , [CrossRef]; Poteat, T.C., Reisner, S.L., Miller, M., Wirtz, A.L., Vulnerability to COVID-19-related Harms Among Transgender Women with and without HIV Infection in the Eastern and Southern, U.S (2020) J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr, 85, pp. e67-e69. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Khazanchi, R., Beiter, E.R., Gondi, S., Beckman, A.L., Bilinski, A., Ganguli, I., County-Level Association of Social Vulnerability with COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in the USA (2020) J. Gen. Intern. Med, 35, pp. 2784-2787. , [CrossRef]; Charlton, B.M., Gordon, A.R., Reisner, S.L., Sarda, V., Samnaliev, M., Austin, S.B., Sexual orientation-related disparities in employment, health insurance, healthcare access and health-related quality of life: A cohort study of US male and female adolescents and young adults (2018) BMJ Open, 8, p. e020418. , [CrossRef]; Wilson, B.D., Choi, S.K., Harper, G.W., Lightfoot, M., Russell, S., Meyer, I.H., (2020) Homelessness Among LGBT Adults in the US, , Williams Institute: Los Angeles, CA, USA; Poteat, T.C., Reisner, S.L., Miller, M., Wirtz, A.L., COVID-19 Vulnerability of Transgender Women with and without HIV Infection in the Eastern and Southern, , U.S. medRxiv 2020. [CrossRef]; Operario, D., Gamarel, K.E., Grin, B.M., Lee, J.H., Kahler, C.W., Marshall, B.D.L., van den Berg, J.J., Zaller, N.D., Sexual Minority Health Disparities in Adult Men and Women in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2010 (2015) Am. J. Public Health, 105, pp. e27-e34. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Conron, K.J., Mimiaga, M.J., Landers, S.J., A population-based study of sexual orientation identity and gender differences in adult health (2010) Am. J. Public Health, 100, pp. 1953-1960. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Albuquerque, G.A., de Lima Garcia, C., da Silva Quirino, G., Alves, M.J.H., Belém, J.M., Figueiredo, F.W.d.S., Paiva, L.d., Valenti, V.E., Access to health services by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons: Systematic literature review (2016) BMC Int. Health Hum. Rights, 16. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Jackson, C.L., Agenor, M., Johnson, D.A., Austin, S.B., Kawachi, I., Sexual orientation identity disparities in health behaviors, outcomes, and services use among men and women in the United States: A cross-sectional study (2016) BMC Public Health, 16, p. 807. , [CrossRef] [PubMed]; Ensuring a data-driven response to COVID-19 and future high-consequence public health threats (2021) Fed. Regist, 86, pp. 7189-7191. , Executive Office of the President PY - 2021 SN - 2076393X (ISSN) SP - 1-10 ST - Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among an online sample of sexual and gender minority men and transgender women T2 - Vaccines TI - Covid-19 vaccine acceptance among an online sample of sexual and gender minority men and transgender women UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102681964&doi=10.3390%2fvaccines9030204&partnerID=40&md5=13ea938e1ae4dbe6a5ad6e99ecbc9099 VL - 9 ID - 170 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Dasgupta, N. C2 - 33666902 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s40264-021-01056-0 IS - 4 J2 - Drug Saf. KW - drug drug utilization human off label drug use COVID-19 Humans Off-Label Use Pharmaceutical Preparations SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: DRSAE Correspondence Address: Dasgupta, N.; Gillings School of Global Public Health, United States; email: nab@unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: Pharmaceutical Preparations References: Kalil, A.C., Treating COVID-19—off-label drug use, compassionate use, and randomized clinical trials during pandemics (2020) JAMA, 323, p. 1897. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVertbzO; Mitjà, O., Corbacho-Monné, M., Ubals, M., Tebé, C., Peñafiel, J., Tobias, A., Hydroxychloroquine for early treatment of adults with mild Covid-19: A randomized-controlled trial (2020) Clin Infect Dis. Epub, 16. , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1009/5872589, July; Repurposed antiviral drugs for Covid-19—Interim WHO Solidarity Trial results (2020) N Engl J Med. Epub, p. 2. , https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2023184, December; Beyzarov, E., Chen, Y., Julg, R., Naim, K., Shah, J., Gregory, W.W., Global safety database summary of COVID-19-related drug utilization-safety surveillance: a sponsor’s perspective (2021) Drug Saf, 44 (1); Gautret, P., Lagier, J.-C., Parola, P., Hoang, V.T., Meddeb, L., Mailhe, M., Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: Results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 56 (1); Sultana, J., Cutroneo, P.M., Crisafulli, S., Puglisi, G., Caramori, G., Trifirò, G., Azithromycin in COVID-19 patients: pharmacological mechanism, clinical evidence and prescribing guidelines (2020) Drug Saf, 43, pp. 691-698. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVCltb%2FL; Shah, S., Pahade, A., Chawla, R., The COVID-19 hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis perception of Indian anesthesiologists: A survey-based original article (2020) J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol, 36 (4), pp. 471-476; Bull-Otterson, L., Gray, E.B., Budnitz, D.S., Strosnider, H.M., Schieber, L.Z., Courtney, J., Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine prescribing patterns by provider specialty following initial reports of potential benefit for COVID-19 Treatment—United States, January–June 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 1210-1215. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvVeju77J; Moiseev, S., Avdeev, S., Brovko, M., Novikov, P., ; Widhani, A., Rengganis, I., Susanto, A.J., Surachmanto, E.E., Hasibuan, A.S., Fetarayani, D., Factors related to knowledge, perception, and practices towards COVID-19 among patients with autoimmune diseases: a multicenter online survey (2020) Acta Med Indones., 52 (3), pp. 214-226. , PID: 33020333; Belayneh, A., Off-label use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 treatment in Africa against WHO recommendation (2020) Res Rep Trop Med., 11, pp. 61-72. , PID: 32982538; AlAkhras, A., AlMessabi, A.H., Abuzeid, H., Khoo, S., Nsutebu, E.F., Use of specific antimicrobials for COVID-19: should we prescribe them now or wait for more evidence? (2020) Postgrad Med J, 96, pp. 377-378; Mallhi, T.H., Khan, Y.H., Alotaibi, N.H., Alzarea, A.I., Alanazi, A.S., Qasim, S., Drug repurposing for COVID-19: A potential threat of self-medication and controlling measures (2020) Postgrad Med J. Epub, 26. , https://doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138447, Aug; Juurlink, D.N., Safety considerations with chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) CMAJ, 192 (17); Bénézit, F., Le Bot, A., Jouneau, S., Lemaître, F., Pronier, C., Lentz, P.-A., COVID-19 in patient with sarcoidosis receiving long-term hydroxychloroquine treatment, France, 2020 (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26, pp. 2513-2515; Zekarias, A., Watson, S., Vidlin, S.H., Grundmark, B., Sex differences in reported adverse drug reactions to COVID-19 drugs in a global database of individual case safety reports (2020) Drug Saf, 43, pp. 1309-1314; Garcia, P., Revet, A., Yrondi, A., Rousseau, V., Degboe, Y., Montastruc, F., Psychiatric disorders and hydroxychloroquine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a VigiBase study (2020) Drug Saf, 43, pp. 1315-1322; Tuccori, M., Convertino, I., Ferraro, S., Cappello, E., Valdiserra, G., Focosi, D., The impact of the COVID-19 “infodemic” on drug-utilization behaviors: implications for pharmacovigilance (2020) Drug Saf, 43, pp. 699-709. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXht1Cqt7nO; Vanderpool, R.C., Gaysynsky, A., Sylvia Chou, W.-Y., Using a global pandemic as a teachable moment to promote vaccine literacy and build resilience to misinformation (2020) Am J Public Health, 110, pp. S284-S285; Dunn, A.G., Surian, D., Dalmazzo, J., Rezazadegan, D., Steffens, M., Dyda, A., Limited role of bots in spreading vaccine-critical information among active twitter users in the United States: 2017–2019 (2020) Am J Public Health, 110, pp. S319-S325; Broniatowski, D.A., Jamison, A.M., Qi, S., Alkulaib, L., Chen, T., Benton, A., Weaponized health communication: Twitter bots and russian trolls amplify the vaccine debate (2018) Am J Public Health, 108, pp. 1378-1384; Shao, C., Ciampaglia, G.L., Varol, O., Yang, K.-C., Flammini, A., Menczer, F., The spread of low-credibility content by social bots (2018) Nat Commun., 9, p. 4787; Johnson, N.F., Velásquez, N., Restrepo, N.J., Leahy, R., Gabriel, N., El Oud, S., The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views (2020) Nature, 582, pp. 230-233. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXpt1KmsLg%3D; Leask, J., Kinnersley, P., Jackson, C., Cheater, F., Bedford, H., Rowles, G., (2012); Ho, E.P., Neo, H.-Y.C.O.V.I.D., ; Bertin, P., Nera, K., Delouvée, S., Conspiracy beliefs, rejection of vaccination, and support for hydroxychloroquine: A conceptual replication-extension in the COVID-19 pandemic context (2020) Front Psychol, 11, p. 565128; Sylvia Chou, W.-Y., Gaysynsky, A., A prologue to the special issue: health misinformation on social media (2020) Am J Public Health, 110, pp. S270-S272; Chandler, R.E., McCarthy, D., Delumeau, J.-C., Harrison-Woolrych, M., The role of pharmacovigilance and ISoP during the global COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Drug Saf, 43, pp. 511-512. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXovFKntL4%3D PY - 2021 SN - 01145916 (ISSN) SP - 399-402 ST - Safety Consequences of Off-Label Drugs Used for COVID-19 T2 - Drug Safety TI - Safety Consequences of Off-Label Drugs Used for COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102292243&doi=10.1007%2fs40264-021-01056-0&partnerID=40&md5=5ed12c11836876dfd781857be29df377 VL - 44 ID - 39 ER - TY - JOUR AB - As COVID-19 cases continue to increase across the country, there is a concern about the extent to which this pandemic will affect students. Since March 2020, schools transitioned to a distance-learning format, which unintentionally forced parents into new teaching roles as proxy educators. In this brief, we explore the association between distance learning and the mental health of proxy educators. We find that parents with children who struggled with distance learning experienced elevated mental distress. Given the relationship between teacher burnout and student outcomes, we argue the importance of supporting parents during this time to improve students’ schooling. © 2020 AERA. AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Howard University, Washington, DC, United States Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States AU - Davis, C. R. AU - Grooms, J. AU - Ortega, A. AU - Rubalcaba, J. A. A. AU - Vargas, E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.3102/0013189X20978806 IS - 1 J2 - Educ. Res. KW - coronavirus pandemic correlational analysis distance learning family/home education health mental health parents and families proxy educators regression analyses school/teacher effectiveness stress/coping LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Ortega, A.; Indiana UniversityUnited States; email: alorte@iu.edu References: Chambers Mack, J., Johnson, A., Jones-Rincon, A., Tsatenawa, V., Howard, K., Why do teachers leave? A comprehensive occupational health study evaluating intent-to-quit in public school teachers (2019) Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 24 (1). , https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12160, e12160; Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R., Williams, J., The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure (2001) Journal of General Internal Medicine, 6, pp. 606-623. , https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x; McLean, L., Connor, C.M., Depressive symptoms in third-grade teachers: Relations to classroom quality and student achievement (2015) Child Development, 86 (3), pp. 945-954. , https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12344; Oberle, E., Schonert-Reichl, K.A., Stress contagion in the classroom? The link between classroom teacher burnout and morning cortisol in elementary school students (2016) Social Science & Medicine, 159, pp. 30-37. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.031, June; Spitzer, R., Kroenke, K., Williams, J., Löwe, B., A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder (2006) Archives of Internal Medicine, 166 (10), pp. 1092-1097. , https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092; Zhang, Q., Sapp, D.A., A burning issue in teaching: The impact of perceived teacher burnout and nonverbal immediacy on student motivation and affective learning (2008) Journal of Communication Studies, 1 (2), pp. 152-168 PY - 2021 SN - 0013189X (ISSN) SP - 61-64 ST - Distance Learning and Parental Mental Health During COVID-19 T2 - Educational Researcher TI - Distance Learning and Parental Mental Health During COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097615189&doi=10.3102%2f0013189X20978806&partnerID=40&md5=096b1e8cc8c354dfa12f2d0d6561197a VL - 50 ID - 212 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Using data from a spring 2020 survey of nearly 10,000 parents of elementary school parents in one large southeastern public school district, the authors investigate predictors of elementary school student engagement during the initial period of pandemic remote learning. The authors hypothesize that household material and technological resources, school programming and instructional strategies, and family social capital contribute to student engagement in remote learning. The analyses indicate that even after controlling for rich measures of family socioeconomic resources, students with access to high-speed Internet and Internet-enabled devices have higher levels of engagement. Exposure to more diverse socioemotional and academic learning opportunities further predicts higher levels of engagement. In addition, students whose families remained socially connected to other students’ families were more likely to engage online. © The Author(s) 2021. AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States Davidson College, Davidson, NC, United States AU - Domina, T. AU - Renzulli, L. AU - Murray, B. AU - Garza, A. N. AU - Perez, L. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/2378023120988200 J2 - Socius KW - disaster elementary school family social capital LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Domina, T.; University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUnited States; email: tdomina@email.unc.edu Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF, SES-1626891 Funding text 1: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This material is based in part on work supported by the National Science Foundation under grant SES-1626891. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. References: Aldrich, D.P., (2012) Building Resilience: Social Capital in Post-disaster Recovery, , Chicago, University of Chicago Press; Aldrich, D.P., Meyer, M.A., Social Capital and Community Resilience (2015) American Behavioral Scientist, 59 (2). , (,):254–69; Alexander, K.L., Entwisle, D.R., Olson, L.S., Schools, Achievement, and Inequality: A Seasonal Perspective (2001) Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 23 (2). , (,):171–91; Alexander, K.L., Entwisle, D.R., Olson, L.S., Lasting Consequences of the Summer Learning Gap (2007) American Sociological Review, 72 (2). , (,):167–80; (2020) COVID-19 Planning Considerations: Guidance for School Re-entry, , https://services.aap.org/en/pages/2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19-infections/clinical-guidance/covid-19-planning-considerations-return-to-in-person-education-in-schools/, August, 4, 2020,,. Retrieved; High Stress Related to Coronavirus Is the New Normal for Many Parents, Says New APA Survey (2020) ScienceDaily, , https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200521151919.htm, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Anderson, M., Kumar, M., (2019) Digital Divide Persists Even as Lower-Income Americans Make Gains in Tech Adoption, , https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/05/07/digital-divide-persists-even-as-lower-income-americans-make-gains-in-tech-adoption/, Pew Research Center, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Astone, N.M., McLanahan, S.S., Family Structure, Parental Practices and High School Completion (1991) American Sociological Review, 56 (3). , (,):309–20; Attewell, P., Comment: The First and Second Digital Divides (2001) Sociology of Education, 74 (3). , (,):252–59; Bacher-Hicks, A., Goodman, J., Mulhern, C., (2020) Inequality in Household Adaptation to Schooling Shocks: Covid-Induced Online Learning Engagement in Real Time, , https://www.nber.org/papers/w27555, January, 4, 2021,,. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper #27555. Retrieved; Bailey, J., Shaw, O., (2020) How Parents Are Navigating the Pandemic: A Comprehensive Analysis of Survey Data, , https://www.aei.org/multimedia/how-parents-are-navigating-the-pandemic-a-comprehensive-analysis-of-survey-data/, American Enterprise Institute, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Bol, T., Inequality in Homeschooling during the Corona Crisis in the Netherlands. First Results from the LISS Panel (2020) SocArXiv, , https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/hf32q/, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Burke, M., Thousands of Los Angeles High School Students Are Not Accessing Online Learning during School Closures (2020) EdSource, , https://edsource.org/2020/thousands-of-los-angeles-high-school-students-are-not-accessing-online-learning-during-school-closures/627448#:~:text=About%2015%2C000%20high%20school%20students,Superintendent%20Austin%20Beutner%20said%20Monday, March, 30, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Calarco, J.M., Avoiding Us versus Them: How Schools’ Dependence on Privileged ‘Helicopter’ Parents Influences Enforcement of Rules (2020) American Sociological Review, 85 (2). , (,):223–46; Carbonaro, W.J., A Little Help from My Friend’s Parents: Intergenerational Closure and Educational Outcomes (1998) Sociology of Education, 71 (4), pp. 295-313; Carini, R.M., Kuh, G.D., Klein, S.P., Student Engagement and Student Learning: Testing the Linkages (2006) Research in Higher Education, 47 (1), pp. 1-32; Carter, P.L., (2005) Keepin’ It Real: School Success beyond Black and White, , New York, Oxford University Press; Cavanaugh, C.S., The Effectiveness of Interactive Distance Education Technologies in K–12 Learning: A Meta-analysis (2001) International Journal of Educational Telecommunications, 7 (1), pp. 73-88; Cavanaugh, C., Gillan, K.J., Kromrey, J., Hess, M., Blomeyer, R., (2004) The Effects of Distance Education on K–12 Student Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis, , Naperville, IL, Learning Point Associates; Coleman, J.S., Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94. , (,):S95–120; Cooney, C.I., The Parents Are Not All Right, Even in the Most Privileged Households, the Pandemic Is Exposing the Farce of How Society Treats Families (2020) Gen Medium, , https://gen.medium.com/parents-are-not-ok-66ab2a3e42d9, August, 4, 2020,,., Retrieved; Crosnoe, R., Social Capital and the Interplay of Families and Schools (2004) Journal of Marriage and Family, 66 (2). , (,):267–80; Curtis, H., Werth, L., Fostering Student Success and Engagement in a K–12 Online School (2015) Journal of Online Learning Research, 1 (2). , (,):163–90; Cutuli, J.J., Desjardins, C.D., Herbers, J.E., Academic Achievement Trajectories of Homeless and Highly Mobile Students: Resilience in the Context of Chronic and Acute Risk (2013) Child Development, 84 (3); DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E., (2001) From the ‘Digital Divide’ to ‘Digital Inequality’: Studying Internet Use as Penetration Increases, , Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies,,. Working Paper #15; DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E., Celeste, C., Shafer, S., (2001) From Unequal Access to Differentiated Use: A Literature Review and Agenda for Research on Digital Inequality, , https://www.russellsage.org/sites/all/files/u4/DiMaggio%20et%20al.pdf, Russell Sage Foundation, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Domina, T., America’s Poorest Children Won’t Get Nutritious Meals with School Cafeterias Closed Due to the Coronavirus (2020) The Conversation, , https://theconversation.com/americas-poorest-children-wont-get-nutritious-meals-with-school-cafeterias-closed-due-to-the-coronavirus-133341, March, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Dorn, E., Hancock, B., Sarakatsannis, J., Viruleg, E., (2020) COVID-19 and Student Learning in the United States: The Hurt Could Last a Lifetime, , https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/covid-19-and-student-learning-in-the-united-states-the-hurt-could-last-a-lifetime#, McKinsey & Company, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Downey, D.B., von Hippel, P.T., Broh, B.A., Are Schools the Great Equalizer? Cognitive Inequality during the Summer Months and the School Year (2004) American Sociological Review, 69 (5). , (,):613–35; Duffield, B., Students Who Are Homeless Need Us Now More Than Ever. And It Starts at the Top (2020) Education Post, , https://educationpost.org/students-who-are-homeless-need-us-now-more-than-ever-and-it-starts-at-the-top/, August, 4, 2020,,., Retrieved; Dynes, R.R., (2005) Community Social Capital as the Primary Basis for Resilience, , https://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/1621/PP%20344.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y, Disaster Research Center, January, 4, 2021,,. Preliminary Paper #344., Retrieved; Dynes, R., Social Capital: Dealing with Community Emergencies (2006) Homeland Security Affairs, 2. , Article 5; (2020) Map: Coronavirus and School Closures, , https://www.edweek.org/leadership/map-coronavirus-and-school-closures-in-2019-2020/2020/03, March, 6, January, 4, 2021, a.,., Retrieved; (2020) School Districts’ Reopening Plans: A Snapshot, , https://www.edweek.org/leadership/school-districts-reopening-plans-a-snapshot/2020/07, July, 15, January, 4, 2021, b.,., Retrieved; Fasang, A.E., Mangino, W., Brückner, H., Social Closure and Educational Attainment (2014) Sociological Forum, 29 (1). , (,):137–64; Fredricks, J.A., Blumenfeld, P.C., Paris, A.H., School Engagement: Potential of the Concept, State of the Evidence (2004) Review of Educational Research, 74 (1), pp. 59-109; Furstenberg, F.F., Jr., Hughes, M.E., Social Capital and Successful Development among At-Risk Youth (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57 (3). , (,):580–92; Gross, B., Opalka, A., (2020) Too Many Schools Leave Learning to Chance during the Pandemic, , https://www.crpe.org/publications/too-many-schools-leave-learning-chance-during-pandemic, Center on Reinventing Public Education, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Hamilton, L.S., Grant, D., Kaufman, J.H., Diliberti, M., Schwartz, H.L., Hunter, G.P., Setodji, C.M., (2020) COVID-19 and the State of K–12 Schools: Results and Technical Documentation from the Spring 2020 American Educator Panels COVID-19 Surveys, , https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA168-1.html, RAND Corporation, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Hargittai, E., The Digital Divide and What to Do about It (2003) New Economy Handbook, , Derek C. Jones, (ed), London, Emerald,,. 821–39 edited by; Harris, D.N., Liu, L., Oliver, D., Balfe, C., Slaughter, S., Mattei, N., (2020) How America’s Schools Responded to the COVID Crisis, , https://www.edworkingpapers.com/sites/default/files/COVID%20Tech%20Report%20Merged%20Complete%20Final%20Working.pdf, National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice, January, 4, 2021,,. Technical Report., Retrieved; Harris, E.A., ‘It Was Just Too Much’: How Remote Learning Is Breaking Parents (2020) The New York Times, , https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/27/nyregion/coronavirus-homeschooling-parents.html, April, 27, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Herbers, J.E., Cutuli, J.J., Supkoff, L.M., Heistad, D., Chan, C.-K., Hinz, E., Masten, A.S., Early Reading Skills and Academic Achievement Trajectories of Students Facing Poverty, Homelessness, and High Residential Mobility (2012) Educational Researcher, 41 (9). , (,):366–74; Hornick-Becker, D., Halkitis, S., (2020) Students in Temporary Housing and Distance Learning: A Unique Challenge of the City’s COVID-19 Response, , https://www.cccnewyork.org/blog/students-in-temporary-housing-and-distance-learning-a-unique-challenge-of-the-citys-covid-19-response/, Citizens’ Committee for Children of New York, August, 4, 2020,,., Retrieved; Horowitz, J.M., (2020) Lower-Income Parents Most Concerned about Their Children Falling behind amid COVID-19 School Closures, , https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/04/15/lower-income-parents-most-concerned-about-their-children-falling-behind-amid-covid-19-school-closures/, Pew Research Center, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Horvat, E.M., Weininger, E.B., Lareau, A., From Social Ties to Social Capital: Class Differences in the Relations between Schools and Parent Networks (2003) American Educational Research Journal, 40 (2). , (,):319–51; Johnson, S.D., Aragon, S.R., Shaik, N., Comparative Analysis of Learner Satisfaction and Learning Outcomes in Online and Face-to-Face Learning Environments (2000) Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 11 (1), pp. 29-49; Jyoti, D.F., Frongillo, E.A., Jones, S.J., Food Insecurity Affects School Children’s Academic Performance, Weight Gain, and Social Skills (2005) Journal of Nutrition, 135 (12). , (,):2831–39; Karpman, M., Zuckerman, S., Gonzalez, D., Kenney, G.M., (2020) The COVID-19 Pandemic Is Straining Families’ Abilities to Afford Basic Needs, , https://www.urban.org/research/publication/covid-19-pandemic-straining-families-abilities-afford-basic-needs, Urban Institute, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Kelly, S., Race, Social Class, and Student Engagement in Middle School English Classrooms (2008) Social Science Research, 37 (2). , (,):434–48; Kuhfeld, M., Soland, J., Tarasawa, B., Johnson, A., Ruzek, E., Liu, J., Projecting the Potential Impacts of COVID-19 School Closures on Academic Achievement (2020) Educational Researcher, 49 (8). , (,):549–65; Lareau, A., (2011) Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life, , Berkeley, University of California Press; Lareau, A., Horvat, E.M., Moments of Social Inclusion and Exclusion Race, Class, and Cultural Capital in Family-School Relationships (1999) Sociology of Education, 72 (1), pp. 37-53; Lee, J.-S., The Relationship between Student Engagement and Academic Performance: Is It a Myth or Reality? (2014) Journal of Educational Research, 107 (3). , (,):177–85; Lieberman, M., Taking Attendance during Coronavirus Closures: Is It Even Worth It? (2020) Education Week, , https://www.edweek.org/leadership/taking-attendance-during-coronavirus-closures-is-it-even-worth-it/2020/04, April, 17, January, 4, 2021,,, Retrieved; Livingstone, S., Helsper, E., Gradations in Digital Inclusion: Children, Young People and the Digital Divide (2007) New Media & Society, 9 (4). , (,):671–96; McNichol, E., Leachman, M., (2020) States Continue to Face Large Shortfalls Due to COVID-19 Effects, , https://www.cbpp.org/research/state-budget-and-tax/states-continue-to-face-large-shortfalls-due-to-covid-19-effects, Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Miller, P.M., A Critical Analysis of the Research on Student Homelessness (2011) Review of Educational Research, 81 (3). , (,):308–37; Morgan, H., Online Instruction and Virtual Schools for Middle and High School Students: Twenty-First-Century Fads or Progressive Teaching Methods for Today’s Pupils? (2015) Clearing House, 88 (2), pp. 72-76; Morgan, S.L., Sørensen, A.B., Parental Networks, Social Closure, and Mathematics Learning: A Test of Coleman’s Social Capital Explanation of School Effects (1999) American Sociological Review, 64 (5). , (,):661–81; Murphy, J.M., Wehler, C.A., Pagano, M.E., Little, M., Kleinman, R.E., Jellinek, M.S., Relationship between Hunger and Psychosocial Functioning in Low-Income American Children (1998) Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37 (2). , (,):163–70; Murray, B., Domina, T., Petts, A., Renzulli, L., Boylan, R., ‘We’re in This Together’: Bridging and Bonding Social Capital in Elementary School PTOs (2020) American Educational Research Journal, 57 (5). , (,):2210–44; Ochoa, G.L., (2013) Academic Profiling: Latinos, Asian Americans, and the Achievement Gap, , Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press; (2020) Percent Change in Student Participation, , https://tracktherecovery.org/?nosplash=true, Economic Tracker, August, 5, 2020,,., Retrieved; Perrin, A., Turner, E., (2019) Smartphones Help Blacks, Hispanics Bridge Some—but Not All—Digital Gaps with Whites, , https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/08/20/smartphones-help-blacks-hispanics-bridge-some-but-not-all-digital-gaps-with-whites/, Pew Research Center, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Picciano, A.G., Seaman, J., (2007) K–12 Online Learning: A Survey of U.S. School District Administrators, , https://olj.onlinelearningconsortium.org/index.php/olj/article/view/1719, The Sloan Consortium, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Pichler, F., Wallace, C., Patterns of Formal and Informal Social Capital in Europe (2007) European Sociological Review, 23 (4). , (,):423–35; Puckett, C., CS4Some? Differences in Technology Learning Readiness (2019) Harvard Educational Review, 89 (4). , (,):554–87; Rashid, T., Asghar, H.M., Technology Use, Self-Directed Learning, Student Engagement and Academic Performance: Examining the Interrelations (2016) Computers in Human Behavior, 63, pp. 604-612; Ready, D.D., Socioeconomic Disadvantage, School Attendance, and Early Cognitive Development: The Differential Effects of School Exposure (2010) Sociology of Education, 83 (4). , (,):271–86; Reardon, S., Fahle, E.M., Ho, A., Shear, B.R., (2020) Learning Rates Reflect School Effectiveness, , https://edopportunity.org/explorer/#/map/nc/districts/grd/ses/p/10.5/36.08/-79.71/3701920,36.08,-79.71, The Educational Oortunity Project at Stanford University, August, 6, 2020,,., Retrieved; Rothmann, S., Job Satisfaction, Occupational Stress, Burnout and Work Engagement as Components of Work-Related Wellbeing (2008) SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 34 (3), pp. 11-16; Rumberger, R.W., Lim, S.A., (2008) Why Students Drop Out of School: A Review of 25 Years of Research, , https://www.issuelab.org/resources/11658/11658.pdf, January, 4, 2021,,. California Dropout Research Project Report #15 130. Retrieved; Sanchez, G.R., Vargas, E.D., Pedroza, A.A., (2020) COVID-19 Is Having a Devastating Impact on the Well-Being of Latino Families, , https://www.brookings.edu/blog/how-we-rise/2020/07/27/covid-19-is-having-a-devastating-impact-on-the-economic-well-being-of-latino-families/, Brookings Institution, January, 4, 2021,,., Retrieved; Small, M.L., Gose, L.E., How Do Low-Income People Form Survival Networks? Routine Organizations as Brokers (2020) Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 689 (1), pp. 89-109; Small, M.L., (2009) Unanticipated Gains: Origins of Network Inequality in Everyday Life, , Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press; Sorensen, C., Learning Online at the K–12 Level: A Parent/Guardian Perspective (2012) International Journal of Instructional Media, 39 (4), p. 297; Swan, K., Guerrero, F., Mitrani, M., Schoener, J., Honing in on the Target: Who Among the Educationally Disadvantaged Benefits Most from What CBI? (1990) Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 22 (4), pp. 381-403; Teachman, J.D., Paasch, K., Carver, K., Social Capital and the Generation of Human Capital (1997) Social Forces, 75 (4). , (,):1343–59; Tierney, K.J., (2008) Structure and Process in the Study of Disaster Resilience, , Presented at: 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, October 12–17, Beijing, China; Tierney, K., Oliver-Smith, A., Social Dimensions of Disaster Recovery (2012) International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters, 30 (2). , (,):123–46; Trimmel, M., Bachmann, J., Cognitive, Social, Motivational and Health Aspects of Students in Laptop Classrooms (2004) Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 20 (2). , (,):151–58; Van der Berg, S., Poverty and Education (2008) Education Policy Series, 10, p. 28; Winthrop, R., 5 Traps That Will Kill Online Learning (and Strategies to Avoid Them) (2020) EdSurge, , https://www.edsurge.com/news/2020-05-01-5-traps-that-will-kill-online-learning-and-strategies-to-avoid-them, August, 3, 2020,,., Retrieved; Yair, G., Educational Battlefields in America: The Tug-of-War over Students’ Engagement with Instruction (2000) Sociology of Education, 73 (4). , (,):247–69; Yan, W., Successful African American Students: The Role of Parental Involvement (1999) Journal of Negro Education, 68 (1), pp. 5-22; (2020) Students Weigh In: Covid-19 Aggregate Report, , https://youthtruth.surveyresults.org/report_sections/1087936, YouthTruth Student Survey, November, 16, 2020,,., Retrieved PY - 2021 SN - 23780231 (ISSN) ST - Remote or Removed: Predicting Successful Engagement with Online Learning during COVID-19 T2 - Socius TI - Remote or Removed: Predicting Successful Engagement with Online Learning during COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100583733&doi=10.1177%2f2378023120988200&partnerID=40&md5=1d27ad1252117783edf2e945dbed8426 VL - 7 ID - 194 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic forced most U.S. healthcare systems to quickly pivot to virtual care. However, since peaking in late April, care has largely shifted back to in-person. Health systems are now challenged to further develop and integrate useful, usable, and sustainable virtual care tools into their broader care model in ways that benefit their organizations and the communities they serve. © 2021, The Author(s). AD - Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Dorn, S. D. C7 - 6 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41746-020-00379-z IS - 1 J2 - npj Digit. Med. KW - Article coronavirus disease 2019 health care access health care delivery health care system health care utilization home care human pandemic priority journal reimbursement remote sensing teleconsultation telemedicine LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Dorn, S.D.; Department of Medicine, United States; email: sdorn@med.unc.edu References: Mehrotra, A., Prewitt, E., New marketplace survey: Convenient care—opportunity, threat, or both? (2019) NEJM Catalyst., , https://catalyst.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/CAT.19.0641;2019; Mehrotra, A., Chernew, M., Linetsky, D., Hatch, H., Culterr, D., (2020) The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Outpatient Visits: A Rebound Emerges., , https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/2020/apr/impact-covid-19-outpatient-visits; (2020) Expansion of Telehealth during COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://ehrn.org/articles/expansion-of-telehealth-during-covid-19-pandemic; (2018) Trendwatch Chartbook 2018: Trends Affecting Hospitals and Health Systems, , https://www.aha.org/system/files/2018-07/2018-aha-chartbook.pdf; (2020), https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1X7-NPrOJXPMt2i2dIMkMFTrQ0208wvCyuEk84RJebRk/htmlview; Evans, B., (2020) Summer Update: Tech and the New Normal, , https://www.ben-evans.com/presentations; Bestsennyy, O., Gilbert, G., Harris, A., Rost, J., Telehealth: A Quarter-Trillion-Dollar Post-Covid-19 Reality?, , https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/healthcare-systems-and-services/our-insights/telehealth-a-quarter-trillion-dollar-post-covid-19-reality(McKinsey&Company,2020); Totten, A.M.H.R., (2019) Telehealth for Acute and Chronic Care Consultations. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 216, , Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; Klein, S., Hospital at Home Programs Improve Outcomes, Lower Costs but Face Resistance from Providers and Payers., , https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/newsletter-article/hospital-home-programs-improve-outcomes-lower-costs-face-resistance(TheCommonwealthFund,2019); Gleason, N., Adoption and impact of an eConsult system in a fee-for-service setting (2017) Healthcare, 5, pp. 40-45; Dullet, N.W., Impact of a university-based outpatient telemedicine program on time savings, travel costs, and environmental pollutants (2017) Value Health, 20, pp. 542-546; Abdel-Massih, R.C., Mellors, J.W., Telemedicine and infectious diseases practice: a leap forward or a step back? (2019) Open Forum Infect. Dis., 6, p. ofz196; Schwamm, L.H., Erskine, A., Licurse, A., A digital embrace to blunt the curve of COVID19 pandemic (2020) Npj Digit Med., 3, p. 64; Hollander, J.E., Sites, F.D., The transition from reimagining to recreating health care is now (2020) NEJM Catalyst; Stewart, S., (2019) Retail Banking Distribution 2025: Up Close and Personal, , https://www.bcg.com/publications/2019/retail-banking-distribution-2025-up-close-personal, (Boston Consulting Group; Desruisseaux, M., Stamenova, V., Bhatia, R.S., Bhattacharyya, O., Channel management in virtual care (2020) NPJ Digit. Med., 3, p. 44; Shaw, J., Beyond “implementation”: digital health innovation and service design (2018) Npj Digit. Med., 1, p. 48; Vigilante, K., Khan, M.M., Connected access”: titrating the right dose of access in the digital age (2019) J. Ambul. Care Manag., 42, pp. 262-267; (2020) The Digital Doctor is In: Healthcare Services You Can Access at Home, , https://www.sutterhealth.org/newsroom/the-digital-doctor-is-in-healthcare-services-you-can-access-at-home; Butler Tobah, Y.S., Randomized comparison of a reduced-visit prenatal care model enhanced with remote monitoring (2019) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 221, pp. 638 e631-638 e638; Pearl, R., Madvig, P., Managing the most expensive patients (2020) Harv. Bus. Rev., 98, pp. 68-75; Feeley, T.W., Mohta, N.S., (2018) New Marketplace Survey: Transitioning Payment Models: Fee-For-Service to Value-Based Care., , https://www.optum.com/content/dam/optum3/optum/en/resources/publications/NEJM_Optum_Transitioning_Payment_Models_2018.pdf; Weigel, G., (2020) Opportunities and Barriers for Telemedicine in the U.S. during the COVID-19 Emergency and Beyond, , https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/issue-brief/opportunities-and-barriers-for-telemedicine-in-the-u-s-during-the-covid-19-emergency-and-beyond/, Kaiser Family Foundation; Barkholz, D., Kaiser Permanente chief says members are flocking to virtual visits (2017) Modern Healthcare, , http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20170421/news/170429950; (2020) 2021 Large Employers’ Health Care Strategy and Plan Design Survey., , https://www.businessgrouphealth.org/resources/2021-large-employers-health-care-strategy-and-plan-design-survey; Asch, D.A., Nicholson, S., Berger, M.L., Toward facilitated self-service in health care (2019) N. Engl. J. Med., 380, pp. 1891-1893; Mokyr, J., Riding the technology dragon (2014) Milken Inst. Rev., 2, pp. 87-94; West, J., Mehrotra, A., The future ecology of care (2016) Ann. Intern. Med., 164, pp. 560-561; Richardson, J.R., Peacock, S.J., Supplier-induced demand: reconsidering the theories and new Australian evidence (2006) Appl Health Econ. Health Policy, 5, pp. 87-98; Shankar, M., Humanism in telemedicine: Connecting through virtual visits during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Ann. Fam. Med., , https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/154738/Shankar%20article%20file.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y; Agrawal, S., Gandhi, T., Telehealth should be expanded—if it can address today’s health care challenges (2020) Health Affairs Blog., , https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20200916.264569/full PY - 2021 SN - 23986352 (ISSN) ST - Backslide or forward progress? Virtual care at U.S. healthcare systems beyond the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - npj Digital Medicine TI - Backslide or forward progress? Virtual care at U.S. healthcare systems beyond the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098950949&doi=10.1038%2fs41746-020-00379-z&partnerID=40&md5=e6e80a4b959cf2020d5bd029fcdab93f VL - 4 ID - 13 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background and Aim: This review investigates the role of gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations in COVID-19, particularly with regard to the prevalence of isolated gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library for COVID-19 publications from 1 December 2019 to 18 May 2020. We included any study that reported the presence of GI symptoms in a sample of >5 COVID-19 patients. Data collection and risk of bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Where ≥3 studies reported data sufficiently similar to allow calculation of a pooled prevalence, we performed random effects meta-analysis. Results: This review included 17 776 COVID-19 patients from 108 studies. Isolated GI symptoms only occurred in 1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–6%) of patients. GI symptoms were reported in 20% (95% CI 15–24%) of patients. The most common were anorexia (21%, 95% CI 15–27%), diarrhea (13%, 95% CI 11–16%), nausea or vomiting (8%, 95% CI 6–11%), and abdominal pain (4%, 95% CI 2–6%). Transaminase elevations were present in 24% (95% CI 17–31%) of patients. Higher prevalence of GI symptoms were reported in studies published after 1st April, with prevalence of diarrhea 16% (95% CI 13–20), nausea or vomiting 12% (95% CI 8–16%), and any GI symptoms 24% (95% CI 18–34%). GI symptoms were associated with severe COVID-19 disease (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% CI 1.3–3.2), but not mortality (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.52–1.54). Conclusions: Patients with isolated GI symptoms may represent a small but significant portion of COVID-19 cases. When testing resources are abundant, clinicians should still consider testing patients with isolated GI symptoms or unexplained transaminase elevations for COVID-19. More recent studies estimate higher overall GI involvement in COVID-19 than was previously recognized. © 2020 The Authors. JGH Open published by Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. AD - Department of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, United States Department of Medicine, Section on Gastroenterology, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, United States AU - Dorrell, R. D. AU - Dougherty, M. K. AU - Barash, E. L. AU - Lichtig, A. E. AU - Clayton, S. B. AU - Jensen, E. T. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/jgh3.12456 IS - 1 J2 - JGH Open KW - COVID-19 gastrointestinal meta-analysis SARS-CoV-2 systematic review alanine aminotransferase aspartate aminotransferase abdominal pain anorexia Article artificial ventilation calculation Cochrane Library coronavirus disease 2019 diarrhea gastrointestinal manifestation gastrointestinal symptom hepatic manifestation hepatitis human intensive care unit liver injury major clinical study meta analysis mortality nausea and vomiting polymerase chain reaction prevalence LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Dorrell, R.D.; Department of Medicine, United States; email: rdorrell@wakehealth.edu Chemicals/CAS: alanine aminotransferase, 9000-86-6, 9014-30-6; aspartate aminotransferase, 9000-97-9 References: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/cases-in-us.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fcases-updates%2Fsummary.html, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention US Department of Health and Human Services, 2020. Available from URL; Pan, L., Mu, M., Yang, P., Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study (2020) Am. J. Gastroenterol., 115, pp. 766-773; Han, C., Duan, C., Zhang, S., Digestive symptoms in COVID-19 patients with mild disease severity: clinical presentation, stool viral RNA testing, and outcomes (2020) Am. J. Gastroenterol., 115, pp. 916-923; Nyaga, V.N., Arbyn, M., Aerts, M., Metaprop: a Stata command to perform meta-analysis of binomial data (2014) Arch Public Health, 72, p. 39; Li, J., Wang, X., Chen, J., Zuo, X., Zhang, H., Deng, A., COVID-19 infection may cause ketosis and ketoacidosis (2020) Diabetes Obes. Metab.; Shao, F., Xu, S., Ma, X., In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) Resuscitation, 151, pp. 18-23; Shen, Q., Guo, W., Guo, T., Novel coronavirus infection in children outside of Wuhan, China (2020) Pediatr. Pulmonol., 55, pp. 1424-1429; Tang, X., Du, R., Wang, R., Comparison of hospitalized patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19 and H1N1 (2020) Chest, 158, pp. 195-205; Zhang, X., Cai, H., Hu, J., Epidemiological, clinical characteristics of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection with abnormal imaging findings (2020) Int. J. Infect. Dis., 94, pp. 81-87; Zhou, Z., Zhao, N., Shu, Y., Han, S., Chen, B., Shu, X., Effect of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Gastroenterology, 158, pp. 2294-2297; Tan, N.D., Qiu, Y., Xing, X.B., Ghosh, S., Chen, M.H., Mao, R., Associations between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blocker use, gastrointestinal symptoms, and mortality among patients with COVID-19 (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 1170-1172.e1; Wei, X.Y., Jing, D., Jia, B., Characteristics of in peripheral blood of 70 hospitalized patients and 8 diarrhea patients with COVID-19 (2020) Int. J. Med. Sci., 17, pp. 1142-1146; Zhang, J., Liu, P., Wang, M., The clinical data from 19 critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study (2020) Z. Gesundh Wiss., pp. 1-4; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Huang, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Rapid asymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 during the incubation period demonstrating strong infectivity in a cluster of youngsters aged 16-23 years outside Wuhan and characteristics of young patients with COVID-19: a prospective contact-tracing study (2020) J. Infect., 80, pp. e1-e13; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Hossain, R., Lazarus, M.S., Roudenko, A., CT scans obtained for nonpulmonary indications: associated respiratory findings of COVID-19 (2020) Radiology, 296, pp. 173-179; Klopfenstein, T., Kadiane-Oussou, N.J., Royer, P.Y., Toko, L., Gendrin, V., Zayet, S., Diarrhea: an underestimated symptom in Coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol., 44, pp. 282-283; Saeed, U., Sellevoll, H.B., Young, V.S., Sandbaek, G., Glomsaker, T., Mala, T., Covid-19 may present with acute abdominal pain (2020) Br. J. Surg., 107, pp. e186-e187; Cai, X., Ma, Y., Li, S., Chen, Y., Rong, Z., Li, W., Clinical characteristics of 5 COVID-19 cases with non-respiratory symptoms as the first manifestation in children (2020) Front. Pediatr., 8, p. 258; Nicoletti, A., Talarico, V., Sabetta, L., Screening of COVID-19 in children admitted to the hospital for acute problems: preliminary data (2020) Acta Biomed., 91, pp. 75-79; Pung, R., Chiew, C.J., Young, B.E., Investigation of three clusters of COVID-19 in Singapore: implications for surveillance and response measures (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1039-1046; Young, B.E., Ong, S.W.X., Kalimuddin, S., Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1488-1494; Kim, E.S., Chin, B.S., Kang, C.K., Clinical course and outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a preliminary report of the first 28 patients from the Korean cohort study on COVID-19 (2020) J. Korean Med. Sci., 35; Liu, J.Y., Chen, T.J., Hwang, S.J., Analysis of imported cases of covid-19 in Taiwan: a nationwide study (2020) Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 17; Lo, I.L., Lio, C.F., Cheong, H.H., Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding in clinical specimens and clinical characteristics of 10 patients with COVID-19 in Macau (2020) Int. J. Biol. Sci., 16, pp. 1698-1707; Yang, X., Zhao, J., Yan, Q., Zhang, S., Wang, Y., Li, Y., A case of COVID-19 patient with the diarrhea as initial symptom and literature review (2020) Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol., 44, pp. e109-e112; Hajifathalian, K., Krisko, T., Mehta, A., Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of 2019 novel coronavirus disease in a large cohort of infected patients from New York: clinical implications (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 1137-1140.e2; Redd, W.D., Zhou, J.C., Hathorn, K.E., Prevalence and characteristics of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States: a multicenter cohort study (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 765-767.e2; Wan, Y., Li, J., Shen, L., Enteric involvement in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 outside Wuhan (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 5, pp. 534-535; Chen, Q., Quan, B., Li, X., A report of clinical diagnosis and treatment of nine cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J. Med. Virol., 92, pp. 683-687; Jin, X., Lian, J.S., Hu, J.H., Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus-infected disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms (2020) Gut, 69, pp. 1002-1009; Zhang, J.J., Dong, X., Cao, Y.Y., Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China (2020) Allergy, 75, pp. 1730-1741; Zhang, R., Ouyang, H., Fu, L., CT features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia according to clinical presentation: a retrospective analysis of 120 consecutive patients from Wuhan city (2020) Eur. Radiol.; Xia, X.Y., Wu, J., Liu, H.L., Xia, H., Jia, B., Huang, W.X., Epidemiological and initial clinical characteristics of patients with family aggregation of COVID-19 (2020) J. Clin. Virol., 127; Zhao, X.Y., Xu, X.X., Yin, H.S., Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study (2020) BMC Infect. Dis., 20, p. 311; Li, K., Wu, J., Wu, F., The clinical and chest CT features associated with severe and critical COVID-19 pneumonia (2020) Invest. Radiol., 55, pp. 327-331; Zhang, H., Liao, Y.S., Gong, J., Liu, J., Xia, X., Zhang, H., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: a report of 164 cases (2020) Dig. Liver Dis., 52, pp. 1076-1079; Chen, G., Wu, D., Guo, W., Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) J. Clin. Investig., 130, pp. 2620-2629; Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1239-1242; Mao, R., Qiu, Y., He, J.S., Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 5, pp. 667-678; Li, R.-L., Chu, S.-G., Luo, Y., Huang, Z.-H., Hao, Y., Fan, C.-H., Atypical presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report (2020) World J. Clin. Cases, 8, pp. 1265-1270; Chan, J.F.W., Yuan, S., Kok, K.H., A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 514-523; Gautron, L., Layé, S., Neurobiology of inflammation-associated anorexia (2010) Front. Neurosci., 3, p. 3; Luo, S., Zhang, X., Xu, H., Don't overlook digestive symptoms in patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (2020) Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 18, pp. 1636-1637; Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1708-1720; Cholankeril, G., Podboy, A., Aivaliotis, V.I., High prevalence of concurrent gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2: early experience from California (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 775-777; Xu, Z., Shi, L., Wang, Y., Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Lancet Respir. Med., 8, pp. 420-422; Patel, K.P., Patel, P.A., Vunnam, R.R., Gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic manifestations of COVID-19 (2020) J. Clin. Virol., 128; Li, Y., Zhou, W., Yang, L., You, R., Physiological and pathological regulation of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor (2020) Pharmacol. Res., 157; Cai, Q., Huang, D., Yu, H., COVID-19: abnormal liver function tests (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 566-574; Weber, S., Mayerle, J., Irlbeck, M., Gerbes, A.L., Severe liver failure during SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Gut, 69, pp. 1365-1367; Henry, B.M., de Oliveira, M.H.S., Benoit, J., Lippi, G., Gastrointestinal symptoms associated with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis (2020) Intern. Emerg. Med., 15, pp. 857-859; Yu, Y., Shi, Q., Zheng, P., Assessment of the quality of systematic reviews on COVID-19: a comparative study of previous coronavirus outbreaks (2020) J. Med. Virol., 92, pp. 883-890; Alexander, P.E., Debono, V.B., Mammen, M.J., COVID-19 coronavirus research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (2020) J. Clin. Epidemiol., 123, pp. 120-126 PY - 2021 SN - 23979070 (ISSN) SP - 107-115 ST - Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis T2 - JGH Open TI - Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096641762&doi=10.1002%2fjgh3.12456&partnerID=40&md5=398c6181fdeda5dab98decc338fa1f21 VL - 5 ID - 220 ER - TY - JOUR AB - COVID-19 restructured the health care delivery process, catapulting telemedicine to the mainstream. The Johns Hopkins After Care Clinic (JHACC) continued transprofessional health care delivery in the telemedicine space by shifting to remote, asynchronous collaboration and a triage system. In 1 month after starting telemedicine, the JHACC had 907 encounters for 376 unique patients. Most patients reported satisfaction with their visits. Telemedicine lengthened visit completion times. Providers encountered many failed call attempts and limited access to videoconferencing. Barriers to sustainable interprofessional telemedicine include poor social determinants of health, limited reimbursement for nonphysician health professionals, and increased clinical and administrative time. © 2020 Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates. AD - Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States AU - Dowd-Green, C. AU - McLaughlin, H. AU - Seymour, C. AU - Diffenderffer, C. AU - Bertram, A. AU - Stewart, R. W. C2 - 33234870 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1097/JAC.0000000000000365 IS - 1 J2 - J. Ambul. Care Manage. KW - COVID-19 telemedicine transdisciplinary care transitional care epidemiology health care delivery human organization organization and management outpatient department pandemic United States Ambulatory Care Facilities Delivery of Health Care Humans Organizational Innovation Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JACMD Correspondence Address: Stewart, R.W.601 N. Caroline St, United States; email: rstewart@jhmi.edu References: Callahan, E.J., Hilty, D.M., Nesbitt, T.S., Patient satisfaction with telemedicine consultation in primary care: Comparison of ratings of medical and mental health applications (1998) Telemedicine Journal, 4 (4), pp. 363-369; https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Guidance/Manuals/Downloads/bp102c15.pdf, Centers for Medicare &Medicaid Services. (2019). Medicare benefit policy manual; https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/factsheets/medicare-telemedicine-health-care-providerfact-sheet, Centers for Medicare &Medicaid Services. (2020a). Medicare telemedicine health care provider sheet; https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/press-releases/trumpadministration-releases-covid-19-telehealth-toolkitaccelerate-state-use-telehealth-medicaid, Centers for Medicare &Medicaid Services. (2020b). Trump administration releases COVID-19 telehealth toolkit to accelerate state use of telehealth in Medicaid and CHIP; Daniel, H., Sulmasy, L.S., Policy recommendations to guide the use of telemedicine in primary care settings: An American College of Physicians position paper (2015) Annals of Internal Medicine, 163 (10), pp. 787-789; Dorsey, E.R., Topol, E.J., Telemedicine 2020 and the next decade (2020) The Lancet, 395, p. 859. , 10227; Dowd-Green, C., Merrey, J.W., Stewart, R.W., Using the aftercare clinic as an interdisciplinary bridge to longitudinal care (2017) American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 74 (10), pp. 645-647; Groesbeck, K., Whiteman, L.N., Stewart, R.W., Reducing readmission rates by improving transitional care (2015) Southern Medical Journal, 108 (12), pp. 758-760; Heuer, A., Hector, J.R., Cassell, V., An update on telehealth in allied health and interprofessional care (2019) Journal of Allied Health, 48 (2), pp. 140-147; Hjelm, N.M., Benefits and drawbacks of telemedicine (2005) Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 11 (2), pp. 60-70; Hupke, C., (2014) Team-based Care: Optimizing Primary Care for Patients and Providers, , Boston, MA: Institute for Healthcare Improvement; Jutra, A., Teleroentgendiagnosis by means of videotape recording (1959) American Journal of Roentgenology, 82, pp. 1099-1102; Kohn, L.T., Corrigan, J.M., Donaldson, M.S., McKay, T., Pike, K., To err is human (2000) Building a Safer Health System, 600, p. 2000; Lurie, N., Carr, B.G., The role of telehealth in the medical response to disasters (2018) Jama Internal Medicine, 178 (6), pp. 745-746; Mena-Carrasco, F., Pemberton, S., Chanmugam, A., Dowd, C., Rice-Assenza, J., Stewart, R., Interprofessional precision care: Coming together to improve outcomes (2016) Southern Medical Journal, 109 (11), p. 688. , http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com/ovftpdfs/FPDDNCJCLHLEIN00/fs046/ovft/live/gv023/00007611/00007611-201611000-00002.pdf; Mitchell, P., Wynia, M., Golden, R., McNellis, B., Okun, S., Webb, C.E., Von Kohorn, I., (2012) Core Principles &Values of Effective Team-based Health Care [Discussion Paper], , NAM Perspectives. Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine; Nesbitt, T.S., Hilty, D.M., Kuenneth, C.A., Siefkin, A., Development of a telemedicine program: A review of 1,000 videoconferencing consultations (2000) Western Journal of Medicine, 173 (3), p. 169; Parendnia, D., Allen, A., Telemedicine technology and clinical application (1995) Jama, 273, pp. 483-488; Rockwell, K., Gilroy, A., Incorporating telemedicine as part of COVID-19 outbreak response systems (2020) The American Journal of Managed Care, 26 (4), pp. 147-148; Schottenfeld, L., Petersen, D., Peikes, D., Ricciardi, R., Burak, H., McNellis, R., Genevro, J., (2016) Creating Patient-centered Team-based Primary Care (Pp 1-27), , Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Wittson, C.L., Affleck, D.C., Johnson, V., Twoway television in group therapy (1961) Psychiatric Services, 12 (11), pp. 22-23; Wyatt, R., Laderman, M., Botwinick, L., Mate, K., Whittington, J., (2016) Achieving Health Equity: A Guide for Health Care Organizations [IHI White Paper], , Cambridge, MA: Institute for Healthcare Improvement PY - 2021 SN - 01489917 (ISSN) SP - 78-84 ST - Adapting Interdisciplinary Transitional Ambulatory Practice to Meet the Challenges of COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Ambulatory Care Management TI - Adapting Interdisciplinary Transitional Ambulatory Practice to Meet the Challenges of COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096816378&doi=10.1097%2fJAC.0000000000000365&partnerID=40&md5=23bb42b5c01517d0102a88c1ae8694d7 VL - 44 ID - 216 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the coming transition to a postpandemic world where COVID-19 will likely remain as an endemic disease present a host of challenges and opportunities in epidemiologic research. The scale and universality of this disruption to life and health provide unique opportunities to study phenomena and health challenges in all branches of epidemiology, from the obvious infectious disease and social consequences to less clear impacts on chronic disease and cancer. If we are to both take advantage of the largest natural experiment of our lifetimes and provide evidence to inform the numerous public health and clinical decisions being made every day, we must act quickly to ask critical questions and develop new methods for answering them. In doing so, we should build on each of our strengths and expertise and try to provide new insights rather than become yet another voice commenting on the same set of questions with limited evidence. © 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. AD - Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Campus Box 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Edwards, J. K. AU - Lessler, J. C2 - 32696035 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/aje/kwaa159 IS - 1 J2 - Am. J. Epidemiol. KW - coronavirus epidemics epidemiologic methods cancer epidemiology infectious disease public health viral disease health survey human pandemic procedures COVID-19 Humans Pandemics Public Health Surveillance SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJEPA Correspondence Address: Edwards, J.K.; Department of Epidemiology, 135 Dauer Drive, 2101 McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Campus Box 7435, United States; email: jessedwards@unc.edu References: Metcalf, CJE, Lessler, J., Opportunities and challenges in modeling emerging infectious diseases (2017) Science, 357 (6347), pp. 149-152; Liu, Y, Gayle, AA, Wilder-Smith, A, The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus (2020) J Travel Med, 27 (2), p. taaa021; Lauer, SA, Grantz, KH, Bi, Q, The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: estimation and application (2020) Ann Intern Med, 172 (9), pp. 577-582; Russell, TW, Hellewell, J, Jarvis, CI, Estimating the infection and case fatality ratio for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using age-Adjusted data from the outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship, February 2020 (2020) Euro Surveill, 25 (12), p. 2000256; Verity, R, Okell, LC, Dorigatti, I, Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: A model-based analysis (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (6), pp. 669-677; Bai, Y, Yao, L, Wei, T, Presumed asymptomatic carrier transmission of COVID-19 (2020) JAMA, 323 (14), pp. 1406-1407; Dong, E, Du, H, Gardner, L., An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (5), pp. 533-534; Oran, DP, Topol, EJ., Prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A narrative review (2020) Annals Intern Med, 173 (5), pp. 362-367; Hooper, MW, Nápoles, AM, Pérez-Stable, EJ., COVID-19 and racial/ethnic disparities (2020) JAMA, 323 (24), pp. 2466-2467; Raifman, J, Nocka, K, Jones, D, COVID-19 US State Policy Database (CUSP), , www.tinyurl.com/statepolicies, Accessed June 26, 2020; Schiffrin, EL, Flack, JM, Ito, S, Hypertension and COVID-19 (2020) Am J Hypertens, 33 (5), pp. 373-374; Mancia, G, Rea, F, Ludergnani, M, Renin-Angiotensinaldosterone system blockers and the risk of Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (25), pp. 2431-2440; Greenland, S., Bayesian perspectives for epidemiologic research: III. Bias analysis via missing-data methods (2009) Int J Epidemiol, 38 (6), pp. 1662-1673; Greenland, S., Relaxation penalties and priors for plausible modeling of nonidentified bias sources (2009) Stat Sci, 24 (2), pp. 195-210; Edwards, JK, Cole, SR, Westreich, D., All your data are always missing: incorporating bias due to measurement error into the potential outcomes framework (2015) Int J Epidemiol, 44 (4), pp. 1452-1459; Lesko, CR, Buchanan, AL, Westreich, D, Generalizing study results: A potential outcomes perspective (2017) Epidemiology, 28 (4), pp. 553-561; Westreich, D, Edwards, JK, Lesko, CR, Transportability of trial results using inverse odds of sampling weights (2017) Am J Epidemiol, 186 (8), pp. 1010-1014; Bareinboim, E, Pearl, J., Causal inference and the data-fusion problem (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 113 (27), pp. 7345-7352; Lash, TL, Schisterman, EF., New designs for new epidemiology (2018) Epidemiology, 29 (1), pp. 76-77; Rose, S, van der Laan, MJ., A targeted maximum likelihood estimator for two-stage designs (2011) Int J Biostat, 7 (1), p. 17. , Article; Frangakis, CE, Rubin, DB., Addressing an idiosyncrasy in estimating survival curves using double sampling in the presence of self-selected right censoring (2001) Biometrics, 57 (2), pp. 333-342 PY - 2021 SN - 00029262 (ISSN) SP - 17-20 ST - What Now? Epidemiology in the Wake of a Pandemic T2 - American Journal of Epidemiology TI - What Now? Epidemiology in the Wake of a Pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099198165&doi=10.1093%2faje%2fkwaa159&partnerID=40&md5=6ce32a32e26abfff830ece8a92d0e6e0 VL - 190 ID - 203 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Western Cape province was the early epicentre of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in South Africa and on the African continent. In this short article we report on an initiative set up within the provincial Department of Health early in the pandemic to facilitate collective learning and support for health workers and managers across the health system, emphasising the importance of leadership, systems resilience, nonhierarchical learning and connectedness. These strategies included regular and systematic engagement with organised labour, different ways of gauging and responding to staff morale, and daily ‘huddles’ for raid learning and responsive action. We propose three transformational actions that could deliver health systems that protect staff during good times and in times of system shocks. (a) Continuously invest in building the foundations of system resilience in good times, to draw on in an acute crisis situation. (b) Provide consistent leadership for an explicit commitment to supporting health workers through decisive action across the system. (c) Optimise available resources and partners, act on improvement ideas and obstacles. Build trusting relationships amongst and across actors. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. AD - Western Cape Government: Health, Cape Town, South Africa Health Policy and Systems Division, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Boston, United States Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Chapman and Co Consultants, St. Louis, MO, United States Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa AU - Engelbrecht, B. AU - Gilson, L. AU - Barker, P. AU - Vallabhjee, K. AU - Kantor, G. AU - Budden, M. AU - Parbhoo, A. AU - Lehmann, U. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/hpm.3149 J2 - Int. J. Health Plann. Manage. KW - collaboration COVID-19 health workforce support leadership learning resilience sense-making LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: IJHME Correspondence Address: Lehmann, U.; School of Public Health, South Africa; email: ulehmann@uwc.ac.za References: Fokazi, S., Western Cape's decisive leadership “helped SA weather Covid-19 crisis” (2020) Times Live; Gilson, L., Barasa, E., Brady, L., Collective sensemaking for action: researchers and decision makers working collaboratively to strengthen health systems (2021) BMJ, 372, p. m4650. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m4650; Gilson, L., Barasa, E., Nxumalo, N., Everyday resilience in district health systems: emerging insights from the front lines in Kenya and South Africa (2017) BMJ Glob Health, 2 (2). , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000224; Gilson, L., Ellokor, S., Lehmann, U., Brady, L., Organizational change and everyday health system resilience: lessons from Cape Town, South Africa (2020) Soc Sci Med, 266, p. 113407; Schneider, H., Zulu, J.M., Mathias, K., Cloete, K., Hurtig, A.-K., The governance of local health systems in the era of sustainable development goals: reflections on collaborative action to address complex health needs in four country contexts (2019) BMJ Glob Health, 4 (3). , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001645; Gilson, L., Pienaar, D., Brady, L., Development of the health system in the Western Cape: experiences since 1994 (2017) South African Health Review, pp. 59-69. , Padarath A, Barron P, eds., Durban, Health Systems Trust; (2003) The Breakthrough Series: IHI’s Collaborative Model for Achieving Breakthrough Improvement, , www.IHI.org; Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., Trockel, M., Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2133-2020. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5893; Parbhoo, A.N., Numanoglu, A., Argent, A.C., Franken, M., Mukosi, M., McCulloch, M.I., COVID-19 : experience of a tertiary children's hospital in Western Cape province, South Africa (2021) S Afr Med J, pp. 1-4; (2018) 5 Tips for Better Huddles, , http://www.ihi.org/communities/blogs/five-tips-for-better-huddles; “Not Just a Journal Club—It's where the Magic Happens”: knowledge mobilization through co-production for health system development in the Western Cape province, South Africa Int J Health Policy Manag, , https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2020.128, [published online ahead of print, August 1, 2020] PY - 2021 SN - 07496753 (ISSN) ST - Prioritizing people and rapid learning in times of crisis: A virtual learning initiative to support health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - International Journal of Health Planning and Management TI - Prioritizing people and rapid learning in times of crisis: A virtual learning initiative to support health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103150645&doi=10.1002%2fhpm.3149&partnerID=40&md5=839b1365fe73e415fd3eff558bd5f85a ID - 159 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The three stage model set forth by the ACGME, which provides a framework for pandemic residency program management, is insufficient and could best be expanded to 5 stages to include post-pandemic-peak residency program management. Stage 4, “Increased non-COVID clinical demands,” present the challenge of an increased clinical workload in the setting of social distancing while reengaging the educational mission of the residency program. In Stage 5, “Business as usual, redefined,” the residency program must learn to adapt to new challenges including uncertainty surrounding the American Board of Radiology (ABR) Core examination, uncertainty in the job market, and potential diminished medical student interest in radiology. Despite these challenges, this post-pandemic environment offers tremendous opportunity to build on and enhance the residency program now and into the future. © 2020 AD - University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Radiology, 234 Goodman Street, Cincinnati, OH 45219, United States University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 321 South Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd., Phoenix, AZ 85054, United States AU - England, E. AU - Jordan, S. AU - Kanfi, A. AU - Patel, M. D. C2 - 32979790 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.09.007 J2 - Clin. Imaging KW - COVID-19 Education Program director Residency program Well-being Radiation Radiology Business-as-usual Educational mission Job market Medical students Program management Stage models FORTH (programming language) coronavirus disease 2019 health program human interview medical student mental health service priority journal problem solving residency education Review social distancing wellbeing medical education pandemic radiography United States Humans Internship and Residency Pandemics LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CLIME Correspondence Address: England, E.; University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 234 Goodman Street, United States; email: eric.england@uc.edu References: Organization WH, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic (2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019, 2020 (Accessed 17 July 2020); England, E., Kanfi, A., Flink, C., Vagal, A., Sarkany, D., Patel, M.D., Radiology residency program management in the COVID era - strategy and reality (2020) Acad Radiol, 27 (8), pp. 1140-1146; Robbins, J.B., England, E., Patel, M.D., DeBenedectis, C.M., Sarkany, D.S., Heitkamp, D.E., COVID-19 impact on well-being and education in radiology residencies: a survey of the association of program directors in radiology (2020) Acad Radiol, 27 (8), pp. 1162-1172; Education ACfGM, Radiology program requirements and FAQs (2020), https://www.acgme.org/Specialties/Program-Requirements-and-FAQs-and-Applications/pfcatid/23/Radiology, (Accessed 17 July 2020); Weiner, M.F., Don't waste a crisis – your patient's or your own (1976) Med Econ, 53 (5); Cavallo, J.J., Forman, H.P., The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiology practices (2020) Radiology, (2); Radiology ABo, Initial certification for diagnostic radiology- exam dates and locations https://www.theabr.org/diagnostic-radiology/initial-certification/exam-dates-locations, (Accessed 17 July 2020); Radiology AAoPDiI, APDR/APDIR position statement regarding residency recruitment in 2020-2021 cycle (2020), https://www.apdr.org/-/media/Files/APDR/About-APDR/APDR_APDIR_Position_Statement_residency_recruitment.ashx?la=en&hash=5B0B7F09AFAE487E50AA36D9E4F27C79C9489DCE%20, (Accessed 26 May 2020); Hammoud, M.M., Andrews, J., Skochelak, S.E., Improving the residency application and selection process: an optional early result acceptance program (2020) Jama, 323 (6), pp. 503-504; Heitkamp, D.E., Gupta, Y., Patel, T.Y., Economic recession from the COVID-19 pandemic signals recruiting difficulty ahead for radiology residency programs (2020) Curr Probl Diagn Radiol, , Online ahead of print PY - 2021 SN - 08997071 (ISSN) SP - 243-245 ST - Radiology residency program management post-pandemic-peak: looking down the curve and around the bend T2 - Clinical Imaging TI - Radiology residency program management post-pandemic-peak: looking down the curve and around the bend UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091209176&doi=10.1016%2fj.clinimag.2020.09.007&partnerID=40&md5=d6e639b72c6c4824f79c639c19a4aba8 VL - 69 ID - 226 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Context: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in visitation restrictions across most health care settings, necessitating the use of remote communication to facilitate communication among families, patients and health care teams. Objective: To examine the impact of remote communication on families’ evaluation of end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, mixed methods study using data from an after-death survey administered from March 17–June 30, 2020. The primary outcome was the next of kin's global assessment of care during the Veteran's last month of life. Results: Data were obtained from the next-of-kin of 328 Veterans who died in an inpatient unit (i.e., acute care, intensive care, nursing home, hospice units) in one of 37 VA medical centers with the highest numbers of COVID-19 cases. The adjusted percentage of bereaved families reporting excellent overall end-of-life care was statistically significantly higher among those reporting Very Effective remote communication compared to those reporting that remote communication was Mostly, Somewhat, or Not at All Effective (69.5% vs. 35.7%). Similar differences were observed in evaluations of remote communication effectiveness with the health care team. Overall, 81.3% of family members who offered positive comments about communication with either the Veteran or the health care team reported excellent overall end-of-life care vs. 28.4% who made negative comments. Conclusions: Effective remote communication with the patient and the health care team was associated with significantly better ratings of the overall experience of end-of-life care by bereaved family members. Our findings offer timely insights into the importance of remote communication strategies. © 2021 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine AD - Veteran Experience Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, United States Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States University of Maryland School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT, United States VA Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA, United States Palliative and Hospice Care Program, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Pittsburgh VA Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Ersek, M. AU - Smith, D. AU - Griffin, H. AU - Carpenter, J. G. AU - Feder, S. L. AU - Shreve, S. T. AU - Nelson, F. X. AU - Kinder, D. AU - Thorpe, J. M. AU - Kutney-Lee, A. C2 - 33412269 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.12.024 J2 - J. Pain Symptom Manage. KW - Communication COVID-19 end-of-life care quality improvement LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JPSME Correspondence Address: Ersek, M.; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Building 4100, United States; email: mary.ersek@va.gov Funding details: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Funding details: Health Services Research and Development, HSR&D Funding text 1: The authors would like to thank our three expert interviewers, Shirley Binner, Daisy Enck, and Charlotte Peffley, whose dedication to our nation's Veterans inspire us every day. The analysis described here is based on work supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, which had no role in the design, methods, participant recruitment, data collection, analysis, or preparation of this article or in the decision to submit this article for publication. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. Government. References: Frequently asked questions on nursing home visitation (2020), https://www.cms.gov/files/document/covid-visitation-nursing-home-residents.pdf, Available from (Accessed 25 July 2020); Otani, H., Yoshida, S., Morita, T., Meaningful communication before death, but not present at the time of death itself, is associated with better outcomes on measures of depression and complicated grief among bereaved family members of cancer patients (2017) J Pain Symptom Manage, 54, pp. 273-279; Strang, P., Bergstrom, J., Martinsson, L., Lundstrom, S., Dying from COVID-19: Loneliness, end-of-life discussions, and support for patients and their families in nursing homes and hospitals. A national register study (2020) J Pain Symptom Manage, 60, pp. e2-e13; Davidson, J.E., Aslakson, R.A., Long, A.C., Guidelines for family-centered care in the neonatal, pediatric, and adult ICU (2017) Crit Care Med, 45, pp. 103-128; Thomas, J.D., Leiter, R.E., Abrahm, J.L., Development of a palliative care Toolkit for the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Pain Symptom Manage, 60, pp. e22-e25; Janssen, D.J.A., Ekstrom, M., Currow, D.C., COVID-19: guidance on palliative care from a European Respiratory Society international task force (2020) Eur Respir J, 56, p. 2002583; Chua, I.S., Jackson, V., Kamdar, M., Webside manner during the COVID-19 pandemic: Maintaining human connection during virtual Visits (2020) J Palliat Med, 23, pp. 1507-1509; Notification of Enforcement Discretion for Telehealth Remote Communications During the COVID-19 Nationwide Public Health Emergency (2020), https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/special-topics/emergency-preparedness/notification-enforcement-discretion-telehealth/index.html, Available from (Accessed 25 July 2020); Smith, D., Caragian, N., Kazlo, E., Can we make reports of end-of-life care quality more consumer-focused? results of a nationwide quality measurement program (2011) J Palliat Med, 14, pp. 301-307; Thorpe, J.M., Smith, D., Kuzla, N., Scott, L., Ersek, M., Does mode of survey administration matter? Using measurement invariance to validate the mail and telephone versions of the Bereaved Family Survey (2016) J Pain Symptom Manage, 51, pp. 546-556; Performance measurement coordination strategy for hospice and palliative care: Final report (2012), NQF Washington DC; Kutney-Lee, A., Carpenter, J., Smith, D., Case-mix adjustment of the bereaved family survey (2018) Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 35, pp. 1015-1022; Smith, D., Kuzla, N., Thorpe, J., Scott, L., Ersek, M., Exploring nonresponse bias in the Department of veterans Affairs' bereaved family survey (2015) J Palliat Med, 18, pp. 858-864; Bereaved family survey: description and methods https://www.cherp.research.va.gov/PROMISE/vecmethods.asp, Available from (Accessed 26 July 2020); COVID-19 National Summary (2020), https://www.accesstocare.va.gov/Healthcare/COVID19NationalSummary, Available from (Accessed 11 September 2020); Royston, P., ICE: Stata module for multiple imputation of missing values," Statistical Software Components S446602, Boston Coll Department Econ https://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s446602.html, originally published 2006, revised 25 Oct 2014. Available from (Accessed 10 September 2020); Guest, G., MacQueen, K., Namey, E., Data reduction techniques (2014) Applied Thematic Analysis, , SAGE Publications, Inc. Thousand Oaks; Feder, S., Smith, D., Griffin, H., “Why couldn't I go in to see him?” Bereaved families' perceptions of end-of-life communication during COVID-19 (2020) J Am Geriatr Soc, , in press; Hsieh, H.F., Shannon, S.E., Three approaches to qualitative content analysis (2005) Qual Health Res, 15, pp. 1277-1288; Elo, S., Kyngas, H., The qualitative content analysis process (2008) J Adv Nurs, 62, pp. 107-115; Elixhauser, A., Steiner, C., Harris, D.R., Coffey, R.M., Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data (1998) Med Care, 36, pp. 8-27; van Walraven, C., Austin, P.C., Jennings, A., Quan, H., Forster, A.J., A modification of the Elixhauser comorbidity measures into a point system for hospital death using administrative data (2009) Med Care, 47, pp. 626-633; Carpenter, J.G., McDarby, M., Smith, D., Associations between timing of palliative care consults and family evaluation of care for veterans who die in a hospice/palliative care unit (2017) J Palliat Med, 20, pp. 745-751; Levy, C., Ersek, M., Scott, W., Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Initiative: Early implementation results of a national Veterans Affairs program to honor veterans' care preferences (2020) J Gen Intern Med, 35, pp. 1803-1812; Foglia, M.B., Lowery, J., Sharpe, V.A., Tompkins, P., Fox, E., A comprehensive approach to eliciting, documenting, and honoring patient wishes for care near the end of life: the Veterans Health Administration's Life-Sustaining Treatment Decisions Initiative (2019) Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf, 45, pp. 47-56; Ersek, M., Thorpe, J., Kim, H., Thomasson, A., Smith, D., Exploring end-of-life care in Veterans Affairs community living centers (2015) J Am Geriatr Soc, 63, pp. 644-650; Wachterman, M.W., Pilver, C., Smith, D., Quality of end-of-life care provided to patients with different serious illnesses (2016) JAMA Intern Med, 176, pp. 1095-1102; Anhang Price, R., Stucky, B., Parast, L., Development of valid and reliable measures of patient and family experiences of hospice care for public reporting (2018) J Palliat Med, 21, pp. 924-932; Virdun, C., Luckett, T., Davidson, P.M., Phillips, J., Dying in the hospital setting: a systematic review of quantitative studies identifying the elements of end-of-life care that patients and their families rank as being most important (2015) Palliat Med, 29, pp. 774-796; Teno, J.M., Clarridge, B.R., Casey, V., Family perspectives on end-of-life care at the last place of care (2004) JAMA, 291, pp. 88-93; Steinhauser, K.E., Christakis, N.A., Clipp, E.C., Factors considered important at the end of life by patients, family, physicians, and other care providers (2000) JAMA, 284, pp. 2476-2482; Casarett, D., Shreve, S., Luhrs, C., Measuring families' perceptions of care across a health care system: preliminary experience with the Family Assessment of Treatment at End of Life Short form (FATE-S) (2010) J Pain Symptom Manage, 40, pp. 801-809; Teno, J.M., Clarridge, B., Casey, V., Edgman-Levitan, S., Fowler, J., Validation of Toolkit after-death bereaved family member interview (2001) J Pain Symptom Manage, 22, pp. 752-758; Hart, J.L., Turnbull, A.E., Oppenheim, I.M., Courtright, K.R., Family-centered care during the COVID-19 era (2020) J Pain Symptom Manage, 60, pp. e93-e97; Akgun, K.M., Shamas, T.L., Feder, S.L., Schulman-Green, D., Communication strategies to mitigate fear and suffering among COVID-19 patients isolated in the ICU and their families (2020) Heart Lung, 49, pp. 344-345; Houchens, N., Tipirneni, R., Compassionate communication amid the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Hosp Med, 15, pp. 437-439; Rhodes, R.L., Mitchell, S.L., Miller, S.C., Connor, S.R., Teno, J.M., Bereaved family members' evaluation of hospice care: what factors influence overall satisfaction with services? (2008) J Pain Symptom Manage, 35, pp. 365-371; Chu, C., White, N., Stone, P., Prognostication in palliative care (2019) Clin Med (Lond), 19, pp. 306-310; Lau, J., Knudsen, J., Jackson, H., Staying connected in the COVID-19 pandemic: telehealth at the largest safety-net system in the United States (2020) Health Aff (Millwood), 39, pp. 1437-1442; Steindal, S.A., Nes, A.A.G., Godskesen, T.E., Patients' experiences of telehealth in palliative home care: Scoping review (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22, p. e16218; Jess, M., Timm, H., Dieperink, K.B., Video consultations in palliative care: a systematic integrative review (2019) Palliat Med, 33, pp. 942-958; Tieman, J.J., Swetenham, K., Morgan, D.D., To, T.H., Currow, D.C., Using telehealth to support end of life care in the community: a feasibility study (2016) BMC Palliat Care, 15, p. 94; Perrin, A., Digital gap between rural and nonrural America persists (2019), https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/05/31/digi, Available from (Accessed 11 September 2020); WHO guideline recommendationson digital interventions for health system strengthening (2019), https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/311941, Available from (Accessed 11 September 2020); Parast, L., Elliott, M.N., Hambarsoomian, K., Teno, J., Anhang Price, R., Effects of survey mode on consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems (CAHPS) hospice survey scores (2018) J Am Geriatr Soc, 66, pp. 546-552 PY - 2021 SN - 08853924 (ISSN) ST - End-Of-Life Care in the Time of COVID-19: Communication Matters More Than Ever T2 - Journal of Pain and Symptom Management TI - End-Of-Life Care in the Time of COVID-19: Communication Matters More Than Ever UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099175022&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpainsymman.2020.12.024&partnerID=40&md5=17700addffd325b974f55b412830bfa2 ID - 204 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC Department of Social Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel HillNC AU - Essien, U. R. AU - Corbie-Smith, G. C2 - 33357330 DB - Scopus DO - 10.12788/jhm.3546 IS - 1 J2 - J Hosp Med KW - epidemiology ethnic group health care disparity health disparity human population health United States COVID-19 Ethnic Groups Health Status Disparities Healthcare Disparities Humans LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2021 SN - 15535606 (ISSN) SP - 53-55 ST - Opportunities for Improving Population Health in the Post-COVID-19 Era T2 - Journal of hospital medicine TI - Opportunities for Improving Population Health in the Post-COVID-19 Era UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099076004&doi=10.12788%2fjhm.3546&partnerID=40&md5=0075082035e472b7c29090665e417690 VL - 16 ID - 205 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high rates of thromboembolic events in hospitalized patients. It remains to be determined if this risk persists following hospital discharge. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of outpatients recently hospitalized for COVID-19 to determine the incidence of vascular thromboembolic events within 30 days of discharge. We investigated the risk factors associated with these events, including intensive care admission, age, and anticoagulation. Results: Among 447 patients hospitalized for COVID-19, 2.0% experienced a vascular thromboembolic event within 30 days of discharge. No risk factor variable was significantly associated with an increased risk for these events. Conclusions: The incidence of vascular thromboembolic events following hospital discharge for COVID-19 is low. These findings suggest against the routine use of postdischarge thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19. © 2021 The Authors. Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH). AD - Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States UNC Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Medicine, Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Eswaran, H. AU - Jarmul, J. A. AU - Shaheen, A. W. AU - Meaux, D. AU - Long, T. AU - Saccoccio, D. AU - Moll, S. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/rth2.12485 IS - 2 J2 - Res. Pract. Thromb. Haemost. KW - anticoagulant COVID-19 discharge outpatients thromboembolism anticoagulant agent adult anticoagulant therapy anticoagulation arterial thromboembolism Article brain ischemia cohort analysis coronavirus disease 2019 deep vein thrombosis female heart infarction hospital admission hospital discharge hospitalization human incidence intensive care unit length of stay lung embolism major clinical study male middle aged non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction prevalence prophylaxis real time polymerase chain reaction retrospective study risk assessment risk factor Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spleen infarction superficial thrombophlebitis venous thromboembolism LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Eswaran, H.; Department of Medicine, United States; email: harish.eswaran@unchealth.unc.edu Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC Funding text 1: We thank the members of the UNC Health Alliance Population Health Services team for their support. References: Middeldorp, S., Coppens, M., van Haaps, T.F., Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18, pp. 1995-2002; Roberts, L.N., Whyte, M.B., Georgiou, L., Postdischarge venous thromboembolism following hospital admission with COVID-19 (2020) Blood, 136 (11), pp. 1347-1350; Patell, R., Bogue, T., Koshy, A., Postdischarge thrombosis and hemorrhage in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Blood, 136 (11), pp. 1342-1346; Hill, J.B., Garcia, D., Crowther, M., Frequency of venous thromboembolism in 6513 patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study (2020) Blood Adv, 4 (21), pp. 5373-5377; COVID-19 treatment guidelines: Antithrombotic therapy in patients with COVID-19, , https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/, Updated November 3, 2020. Accessed November 11, 2020 PY - 2021 SN - 24750379 (ISSN) SP - 292-295 ST - Vascular thromboembolic events following COVID-19 hospital discharge: Incidence and risk factors T2 - Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis TI - Vascular thromboembolic events following COVID-19 hospital discharge: Incidence and risk factors UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100588858&doi=10.1002%2frth2.12485&partnerID=40&md5=f4211e8312a9afc1d6c1b7154db60f80 VL - 5 ID - 118 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives: To assess physical activity (PA), mental health and well-being of adults in the United Kingdom (UK), Ireland, New Zealand and Australia during the initial stages of National governments’ Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) containment responses. Design: Observational, cross-sectional. Methods: An online survey was disseminated to adults (n = 8,425; 44.5 ± 14.8y) residing in the UK, Ireland, New Zealand and Australia within the first 2-6 weeks of government-mandated COVID-19 restrictions. Main outcome measures included: Stages of Change scale for exercise behaviour change; International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short-form); World Health Organisation-5 Well-being Index; and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-9. Results: Participants who reported a negative change in exercise behaviour from before initial COVID-19 restrictions to during the initial COVID-19 restrictions demonstrated poorer mental health and well-being compared to those demonstrating either a positive-or no change in their exercise behaviour (p < 0.001). Whilst women reported more positive changes in exercise behaviour, young people (18-29y) reported more negative changes (both p < 0.001). Individuals who had more positive exercise behaviours reported better mental health and well-being (p < 0.001). Although there were no differences in PA between countries, individuals in New Zealand reported better mental health and well-being (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The initial COVID-19 restrictions have differentially impacted upon PA habits of individuals based upon their age and sex, and therefore have important implications for international policy and guideline recommendations. Public health interventions that encourage PA should target specific groups (e.g., men, young adults) who are most vulnerable to the negative effects of physical distancing and/or self-isolation. © 2020 Sports Medicine Australia AD - School of Sport, Health and Community, University of Winchester, United Kingdom School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand School of Arts Education and Movement, Dublin City University, Ireland School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Australia Department of Sport, Health Sciences and Social Work, Oxford Brookes University, United Kingdom School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Department of Tourism, Sport and Society, Lincoln University, New Zealand School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, United Kingdom School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, United Kingdom Physical Activity, Health and Rehabilitation Thematic Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom Health and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, United Kingdom AU - Faulkner, J. AU - O'Brien, W. J. AU - McGrane, B. AU - Wadsworth, D. AU - Batten, J. AU - Askew, C. D. AU - Badenhorst, C. AU - Byrd, E. AU - Coulter, M. AU - Draper, N. AU - Elliot, C. AU - Fryer, S. AU - Hamlin, M. J. AU - Jakeman, J. AU - Mackintosh, K. A. AU - McNarry, M. A. AU - Mitchelmore, A. AU - Murphy, J. AU - Ryan-Stewart, H. AU - Saynor, Z. AU - Schaumberg, M. AU - Stone, K. AU - Stoner, L. AU - Stuart, B. AU - Lambrick, D. C2 - 33341382 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.11.016 IS - 4 J2 - J. Sci. Med. Sport KW - Coronavirus disease depression exercise lifestyle behavior change pandemic sedentary time adolescent adult aged anxiety Australia cross-sectional study female health behavior health care policy human Ireland male mental health mental stress middle aged New Zealand prevention and control psychology United Kingdom young adult COVID-19 Cross-Sectional Studies Health Policy Humans Physical Distancing Stress, Psychological LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JSMSF Correspondence Address: Faulkner, J.; School of Sport, United Kingdom; email: James.Faulkner@winchester.ac.uk Funding details: University of Southampton Funding text 1: Research and statistical funding support was provided by the Institute for Life Sciences, and Higher Education Innovation Fund, University of Southampton, UK . References: Sallis, J.F., Adlakha, D., Oyeyemi, A., An international physical activity and public health research agenda to inform coronavirus disease-19 policies and practices (2020) J Sport Health Sci, 9, pp. 328-334; https://www.who.int/health-topics/physical-activity#tab=tab_1, World Health Organisation. Physical Activity. Available from: [Accessed 24th October 2020]; Woods, J., Hutchinson, N.T., Powers, S.K., The COVID-19 Pandemic and physical activity (2020) Sport Med Health Sci, 2, pp. 55-64; Narici, M., De Vito, G., Franchi, M., Impact of sedentarism due to the COVID-19 home confinement on neuromuscular, cardiovascular and metabolic health: Physiological and pathophysiological implications and recommendations for physical and nutritional countermeasures (2020) Eur J Sport Sci, 12, pp. 1-22; Tremblay, M.S., Aubert, S., Barnes, J.D., SBRN Terminology Consensus Project Participants. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) - Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome (2017) Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 14, p. 75; Ammar, A., Brach, M., Trabelsi, K., Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey (2020) Nutrients, 12, p. 1583; Ong, J.L., Lau, T., Massar, S.A.A., Chong, Z.T., Ng, B.K.L., Koek, D., Zhao, W., Chee, M.W.L., COVID-19-related mobility reduction: heterogenous effects on sleep and physical activity rhythms (2020) Sleep, , https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa179, zsaa179. Available from: [Accessed 24th October 2020]; Tison, G.H., Avram, R., Kuhar, P., Marcus, G.M., Pletcher, M.J., Olgin, J.E., Worldwide Effect of COVID-19 on Physical Activity: A Descriptive Study (2020) Annals of Internal Medicine, , https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-2665, Available from: [Accessed 24th October 2020]; Meyer, J., McDowell, C., Lansing, J., Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour due to the COVID-19 outbreak and associations with mental health in 3,052 US adults (2020) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17, p. 6469; von Elm, E., Altman, D.G., Egger, M., The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies (2007) The Lancet, 370, pp. 1453-1457; The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Guidelines for Data Processing and Analysis of the International Physical Activity (IPAQ) [Internet] (2005), http://www.ipaq.ki.se, Available from:; Beiner, L., Abrams, D.B., The contemplation ladder: Validation of a measure of readiness to consider smoking cessation (1991) Health Psychol, 10, pp. 360-365; Youssof, M.S.B., Psychometric Properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale in a Sample of Medical Degree Applicants (2013) Int Med J, 20, pp. 295-300; Topp, C.W., Østergaard, S.D., Søndergaard, S., The WHO-5 Well-Being Index: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2015) Psychother Psychosom, 84, pp. 167-176; Piercy, K.L., Troiano, R.P., Ballard, R.M., The physical activity guidelines for Americans (2018) JAMA, 320, pp. 2020-2028; Craig, C.L., Marshall, A.L., Sjostrom, M., International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity (2011) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35, pp. 1381-1395; Ainsworth, B.E., Haskell, W.L., Herrmann, S.D., Compendium of physical activities: a second update of codes and MET values (2011) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 43, pp. 1575-1581; Bech, P., Lunde, M., Bech-Andersen, G., Psychiatric outcome studies (POS): does treatment help the patients? A Popperian approach to research in clinical psychiatry (2007) Nord J Psychiatry, 61, pp. 4-34; Edwards, E.S., Sackett, S.C., Psychosocial Variables Related to Why Women are Less Active than Men and Related Health Implications (2016) Clinical Medicine Insights: Women's Health, S1, pp. 47-56; NHS Digital. Health Survey for England, physical activity in adults (2016), http://healthsurvey.hscic.gov.uk/media/63730/HSE16-Adult-phy-act.pdf, Available from: [Accessed1st July 2020]; Nieman, D.C., Coronavirus disease-2019: A tocsin to our aging, unfit, corpulent, and immunodeficient society (2020) J Sport Health Sci, 9, pp. 293-301; World Health Organisation, Depression and other common mental disorders: Global Health estimates (2017), https://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/prevalence_global_health_estimates/en, World Health Organisation Geneva License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Available From: / [Accessed 20th June 2020]; Schuch, F.B., Vancampfort, D., Firth, J., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P.B., Silva, E.S., Hallgren, M., Fleck, M.P., Physical activity and incident depression: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies (2018) Am J Psychiatry, 175, pp. 631-648; McDowell, C.P., Dishman, R.K., Gordon, B.R., Herring, M.P., Physical activity and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies (2019) Am J Prev Med, 57, pp. 545-556; Stamatakis, E., Johnson, N.A., Powell, L., Short and sporadic bouts in the 2018 US physical activity guidelines: is high intensity incidental physical activity the new HIIT? (2019) Br J Sports Med, 53, pp. 1137-1139; Teychenne, M., White, R.L., Richards, J., Do we need physical activity guidelines for mental health: What does the evidence tell us? (2020) Ment Health Phys, 18; Hooper, M.W., Nápoles, A.M., Pérez-Stable, E.J., COVID-19 and racial / ethnic disparities (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2466-2467; https://minhealthnz.shinyapps.io/nz-health-survey-2018-19-annual-data-explorer/, Ministry of Health. Annual Data Explorer 2018/19: New Zealand health survey [Data File]. Available from: [Accessed 1st July 2020]; (2019), https://digital.N.H.S.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/statistics-on-obesity-physical-activity-and-diet/statistics-on-obesity-physical-activity-and-diet-england-2019, NHS Digital (Great Britain). Statistics on obesity, physical activity and diet, England Main report. Dandy Booksellers Limited. Available from: [Accessed 1st July 2020]UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099514874&doi=10.1016%2fj.jsams.2020.11.016&partnerID=40&md5=12fdfb7b225ad48681815429c1df1b2b PY - 2021 SN - 14402440 (ISSN) SP - 320-326 ST - Physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults during initial COVID-19 containment strategies: A multi-country cross-sectional analysis T2 - Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport TI - Physical activity, mental health and well-being of adults during initial COVID-19 containment strategies: A multi-country cross-sectional analysis VL - 24 ID - 43 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Importance: Refinement of criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) may inform efforts to improve health outcomes. Objective: To compare clinical characteristics and outcomes of children and adolescents with MIS-C vs those with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Setting, Design, and Participants: Case series of 1116 patients aged younger than 21 years hospitalized between March 15 and October 31, 2020, at 66 US hospitals in 31 states. Final date of follow-up was January 5, 2021. Patients with MIS-C had fever, inflammation, multisystem involvement, and positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or antibody test results or recent exposure with no alternate diagnosis. Patients with COVID-19 had positive RT-PCR test results and severe organ system involvement. Exposure: SARS-CoV-2. Main Outcomes and Measures: Presenting symptoms, organ system complications, laboratory biomarkers, interventions, and clinical outcomes. Multivariable regression was used to compute adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) of factors associated with MIS-C vs COVID-19. Results: Of 1116 patients (median age, 9.7 years; 45% female), 539 (48%) were diagnosed with MIS-C and 577 (52%) with COVID-19. Compared with patients with COVID-19, patients with MIS-C were more likely to be 6 to 12 years old (40.8% vs 19.4%; absolute risk difference [RD], 21.4% [95% CI, 16.1%-26.7%]; aRR, 1.51 [95% CI, 1.33-1.72] vs 0-5 years) and non-Hispanic Black (32.3% vs 21.5%; RD, 10.8% [95% CI, 5.6%-16.0%]; aRR, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.17-1.76] vs White). Compared with patients with COVID-19, patients with MIS-C were more likely to have cardiorespiratory involvement (56.0% vs 8.8%; RD, 47.2% [95% CI, 42.4%-52.0%]; aRR, 2.99 [95% CI, 2.55-3.50] vs respiratory involvement), cardiovascular without respiratory involvement (10.6% vs 2.9%; RD, 7.7% [95% CI, 4.7%-10.6%]; aRR, 2.49 [95% CI, 2.05-3.02] vs respiratory involvement), and mucocutaneous without cardiorespiratory involvement (7.1% vs 2.3%; RD, 4.8% [95% CI, 2.3%-7.3%]; aRR, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.84-2.85] vs respiratory involvement). Patients with MIS-C had higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (median, 6.4 vs 2.7, P <.001), higher C-reactive protein level (median, 152 mg/L vs 33 mg/L; P <.001), and lower platelet count (<150 ×103cells/μL [212/523 {41%} vs 84/486 {17%}, P <.001]). A total of 398 patients (73.8%) with MIS-C and 253 (43.8%) with COVID-19 were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 10 (1.9%) with MIS-C and 8 (1.4%) with COVID-19 died during hospitalization. Among patients with MIS-C with reduced left ventricular systolic function (172/503, 34.2%) and coronary artery aneurysm (57/424, 13.4%), an estimated 91.0% (95% CI, 86.0%-94.7%) and 79.1% (95% CI, 67.1%-89.1%), respectively, normalized within 30 days. Conclusions and Relevance: This case series of patients with MIS-C and with COVID-19 identified patterns of clinical presentation and organ system involvement. These patterns may help differentiate between MIS-C and COVID-19.. © 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. AD - COVID-19 Response Team, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Rockville, MD, United States Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New HavenCT, United States Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital at Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, United States Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Bristol-Myers Squibb Children's Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Children's Hospital, United States Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Suny Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, United States Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, United States Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Ucsf Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA, United States Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Detroit, United States Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at the Mount Sinai Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, NY, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, United States Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States Division of Critical Care, Dept. of Anesth. and Critical Care, the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States AU - Feldstein, L. R. AU - Tenforde, M. W. AU - Friedman, K. G. AU - Newhams, M. AU - Rose, E. B. AU - Dapul, H. AU - Soma, V. L. AU - Maddux, A. B. AU - Mourani, P. M. AU - Bowens, C. AU - Maamari, M. AU - Hall, M. W. AU - Riggs, B. J. AU - Giuliano, J. S., Jr. AU - Singh, A. R. AU - Li, S. AU - Kong, M. AU - Schuster, J. E. AU - McLaughlin, G. E. AU - Schwartz, S. P. AU - Walker, T. C. AU - Loftis, L. L. AU - Hobbs, C. V. AU - Halasa, N. B. AU - Doymaz, S. AU - Babbitt, C. J. AU - Hume, J. R. AU - Gertz, S. J. AU - Irby, K. AU - Clouser, K. N. AU - Cvijanovich, N. Z. AU - Bradford, T. T. AU - Smith, L. S. AU - Heidemann, S. M. AU - Zackai, S. P. AU - Wellnitz, K. AU - Nofziger, R. A. AU - Horwitz, S. M. AU - Carroll, R. W. AU - Rowan, C. M. AU - Tarquinio, K. M. AU - Mack, E. H. AU - Fitzgerald, J. C. AU - Coates, B. M. AU - Jackson, A. M. AU - Young, C. C. AU - Son, M. B. F. AU - Patel, M. M. AU - Newburger, J. W. AU - Randolph, A. G. C2 - 33625505 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jama.2021.2091 32386565; Verdoni, L., Mazza, A., Gervasoni, A., An outbreak of severe Kawasaki-like disease at the Italian epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: An observational cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10239), pp. 1771-1778. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31103-X, doi: 32410760; https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00432.asp, Emergency preparedness and response: HAN00432. Published May 14, 2020. Accessed December 3, 2020; Feldstein, L.R., Rose, E.B., Horwitz, S.M., Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in US children and adolescents (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (4), pp. 334-346. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2021680, CDC COVID-19 Response Team...;():. doi: 32598831; Dufort, E.M., Koumans, E.H., Chow, E.J., Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York state (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (4), pp. 347-358. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2021756, doi: 32598830; Sperotto, F., Friedman, K.G., Son, M.B.F., VanderPluym, C.J., Newburger, J.W., Dionne, A., Cardiac manifestations in SARS-CoV-2-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A comprehensive review and proposed clinical approach (2021) Eur J Pediatr, 180 (2), pp. 307-322. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03766-6, doi: 32803422; Swann, O.V., Holden, K.A., Turtle, L., Clinical characteristics of children and young people admitted to hospital with covid-19 in United Kingdom: Prospective multicentre observational cohort study (2020) Bmj, 370, p. m3249. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3249, doi: 32960186; Henderson, L.A., Canna, S.W., Friedman, K.G., American College of Rheumatology clinical guidance for pediatric patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2 and hyperinflammation in COVID-19: Version 2 Arthritis Rheumatol, , Published online December 5, 2020. 33277976; Valverde, I., Singh, Y., Sanchez-De-Toledo, J., Acute cardiovascular manifestations in 286 children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 infection in Europe (2021) Circulation, 143 (1), pp. 21-32. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050065, doi: 33166189; Fernandes, D.M., Oliveira, C.R., Guerguis, S., SARS-CoV-2 clinical syndromes and predictors of disease severity in hospitalized children and youth J Pediatr, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.11.016, Published online November 14, 2020. doi: 33197493; Lu, X., Zhang, L., Du, H., SARS-CoV-2 infection in children (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (17), pp. 1663-1665. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2005073, doi: 32187458; Götzinger, F., Santiago-Garciá, B., Noguera-Julián, A., COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: A multinational, multicentre cohort study (2020) Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 4 (9), pp. 653-661. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30177-2, doi: 32593339; Godfred-Cato, S., Bryant, B., Leung, J., COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: United States, March-July 2020 (2020) Mmwr Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (32), pp. 1074-1080. , http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6932e2, doi: 32790663; Castagnoli, R., Votto, M., Licari, A., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents: A systematic review (2020) Jama Pediatr, 174 (9), pp. 882-889. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1467, doi: 32320004; Government Publishing Office. Electronic code of federal regulations. Accessed February 21, 2021. https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=fc043bd2812f0775fa80066558a6bbcf&mc=true&node=pt45.1.46&rgn=div5#se45.1.46_1102; https://www.cdc.gov/mis-c/hcp/, Partner updates: Case definition for MISC-C. Accessed December 4, 2020; Leteurtre, S., Duhamel, A., Grandbastien, B., Daily estimation of the severity of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in critically ill children (2010) Cmaj, 182 (11), pp. 1181-1187. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.081715, doi: 20547715; https://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.pdf, Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. Accessed February 4, 2021; https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html, Defining childhood obesity: BMI for children and teens. Accessed September 21, 2020; Lopez, L., Colan, S.D., Frommelt, P.C., Recommendations for quantification methods during the performance of a pediatric echocardiogram: A report from the Pediatric Measurements Writing Group of the American Society of Echocardiography Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Council (2010) J Am Soc Echocardiogr, 23 (5), pp. 465-495. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2010.03.019, doi: 20451803; McCrindle, B.W., Rowley, A.H., Newburger, J.W., Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of Kawasaki disease: A scientific statement for health professionals from the American Heart Association (2017) Circulation, 135 (17), pp. e927-e999. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000484, doi: 28356445; Matics, T.J., Sanchez-Pinto, L.N., Adaptation and validation of a pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score and evaluation of the Sepsis-3 Definitions in Critically Ill Children (2017) Jama Pediatr, 171 (10). , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.2352, e172352. doi: 28783810; Linkins, L.A., Dans, A.L., Moores, L.K., Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (2012) Chest, 141 (2), pp. e495S-e530S. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2303, doi: 22315270; Spiegelman, D., Hertzmark, E., Easy SAS calculations for risk or prevalence ratios and differences (2005) Am J Epidemiol, 162 (3), pp. 199-200. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwi188, doi: 15987728; Norton, E.C., Miller, M.M., Kleinman, L.C., Computing adjusted risk ratios and risk differences in Stata (2013) The Stata Journal, 13 (3), pp. 492-509; Lee, E.H., Kepler, K.L., Geevarughese, A., Race/ethnicity among children with COVID-19-associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome (2020) Jama Netw Open, 3 (11). , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.30280, e2030280. doi: 33252688; Portman, M.A., Dahdah, N.S., Slee, A., Etanercept with IVIg for acute Kawasaki disease: A randomized controlled trial (2019) Pediatrics, 143 (6). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3675, e20183675. doi: 31048415; Clark, D.E., Denby, K.J., Kaufman, L.M., Predictors of intravenous immunoglobulin nonresponse and racial disparities in Kawasaki disease (2018) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 37 (12), pp. 1227-1234. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000002019, doi: 29570178; Matsubara, D., Kauffman, H.L., Wang, Y., Echocardiographic findings in pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in the United States (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol, 76 (17), pp. 1947-1961. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.056, doi: 32890666; Belhadjer, Z., Meót, M., Bajolle, F., Acute heart failure in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in the context of global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (2020) Circulation, 142 (5), pp. 429-436. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048360, doi: 32418446; Theocharis, P., Wong, J., Pushparajah, K., Multimodality cardiac evaluation in children and young adults with multisystem inflammation associated with COVID-19 (2020) Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeaa212, jeaa212. doi: 32766671; Freaney, P.M., Shah, S.J., Khan, S.S., COVID-19 and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2020) Jama, , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jama.2020.17445, doi: 33001179; Muniz, J.C., Dummer, K., Gauvreau, K., Colan, S.D., Fulton, D.R., Newburger, J.W., Coronary artery dimensions in febrile children without Kawasaki disease (2013) Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 6 (2), pp. 239-244. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.112.000159, doi: 23357243; Shulman, S.T., Rowley, A.H., Kawasaki disease: Insights into pathogenesis and approaches to treatment (2015) Nat Rev Rheumatol, 11 (8), pp. 475-482. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrrheum.2015.54, doi: 25907703; Alsaied, T., Tremoulet, A.H., Burns, J.C., Review of cardiac involvement in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (2021) Circulation, 143 (1), pp. 78-88. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.049836, doi: 33166178; Guo, T., Fan, Y., Chen, M., Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Jama Cardiol, 5 (7), pp. 811-818. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017, doi: 32219356; Rowley, A.H., Understanding SARS-CoV-2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (2020) Nat Rev Immunol, 20 (8), pp. 453-454. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-0367-5, doi: 32546853; Lee, P.Y., Day-Lewis, M., Henderson, L.A., Distinct clinical and immunological features of SARS-CoV-2-induced multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (2020) J Clin Invest, 130 (11), pp. 5942-5950. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI141113, doi: 32701511; Belhadjer, Z., Auriau, J., Meót, M., Addition of corticosteroids to immunoglobulins is associated with recovery of cardiac function in multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (2020) Circulation, 142 (23), pp. 2282-2284. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050147, doi: 33112651 IS - 11 J2 - JAMA KW - C reactive protein biological marker adolescent Article Black person child clinical outcome coronary artery aneurysm coronavirus disease 2019 disease severity female fever follow up hospital admission hospitalization human immunoassay inflammation major clinical study male neutrophil lymphocyte ratio platelet count priority journal protein blood level reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction risk factor systemic inflammatory response syndrome treatment outcome age clinical trial comparative study complication differential diagnosis heart stroke volume multicenter study pathophysiology patient acuity pediatric intensive care unit preschool child regression analysis United States young adult Age Factors Biomarkers Child, Preschool COVID-19 Diagnosis, Differential Humans Intensive Care Units, Pediatric Stroke Volume LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAMAA Correspondence Address: Randolph, A.G.; Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Bader 634, United States; email: adrienne.randolph@childrens.harvard.edu Chemicals/CAS: C reactive protein, 9007-41-4; Biomarkers PY - 2021 SN - 00987484 (ISSN) SP - 1074-1087 ST - Characteristics and Outcomes of US Children and Adolescents with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Compared with Severe Acute COVID-19 T2 - JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association TI - Characteristics and Outcomes of US Children and Adolescents with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Compared with Severe Acute COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101726294&doi=10.1001%2fjama.2021.2091&partnerID=40&md5=d1f4421f40954c4d3d3373e2d3566074 VL - 325 ID - 60 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 has exposed many opportunities for improvement in treatment for substance use disorders. Regulators can ensure higher quality treatment for addiction when acknowledging telemedicine as a necessary treatment option and amending regulations to allow for telehealth parity across the United States. © 2021 AD - University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, 1101 Weaver Dairy Road, Suite 102, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States AU - Fiacco, L. AU - Pearson, B. L. AU - Jordan, R. C7 - 108312 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108312 J2 - J. Subst. Abuse Treat. KW - Opioid use disorder Outpatient addiction treatment Substance use disorder Telemedicine Virtual health buprenorphine methadone Article coronavirus disease 2019 drug dependence geography health care delivery health care quality health care system health center home care human opiate addiction outpatient care patient referral priority journal privacy stigma telehealth traffic and transport United States virtual reality LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JSATE Correspondence Address: Jordan, R.; University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, United States; email: robyn_jordan@med.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: buprenorphine, 52485-79-7, 53152-21-9; methadone, 1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3 References: Becker, W.C., Fiellin, D.A., When epidemics collide: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the opioid crisis (2020) Annals of Internal Medicine., 173, pp. 59-60; Clay, J.M., Parker, M.O., Alcohol use and misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: A potential public health crisis? (2020) The Lancet Public Health, 5; (2020), https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/, Drug Enforcement Administration. Letter to DEA Qualifying Practitioners. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from; Eibl, J.K., Gauthier, G., Pellegrini, D., Daiter, J., Varenbut, M., Hogenbirk, J.C., Marsh, D.C., The effectiveness of telemedicine-delivered opioid agonist therapy in a supervised clinical setting (2017) Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 176, pp. 133-138; Hollander, J.E., Carr, B.G., Virtually perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19 (2020) New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (18), pp. 1679-1681; Huskamp, H.A., Busch, A.B., Souza, J., Uscher-Pines, L., Rose, S., Wilcock, A., Mehrotra, A., How is telemedicine being used in opioid and other substance use disorder treatment? (2018) Health Affairs, 37 (12), pp. 1940-1947; Jain, S., Khera, R., Lin, Z., Ross, J.S., Krumholz, H.M., Availability of telemedicine services across hospitals in the United States in 2018: A cross-sectional study (2020) Annals of Internal Medicine.; Mokri, G., Sadeghi, A., Nematollahi, M., Demasi, P., Schütz, M.G., Hashemian, C., Dom, H., COVID-19 and substance use disorders: Recommendations to a comprehensive healthcare response. An International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) Practice and Policy Interest Group position paper (2020) Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic & Clinical, 11 (2), pp. 129-146; (2020), https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/otp-guidance-20200316.pdf, SAMHSA. Opioid treatment program (OTP) guidance. Retrieved from; Volkow, N.D., Collision of the COVID-19 and addiction epidemics (2020) Annals of Internal Medicine. PY - 2021 SN - 07405472 (ISSN) ST - Telemedicine works for treating substance use disorder: The STAR clinic experience during COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment TI - Telemedicine works for treating substance use disorder: The STAR clinic experience during COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100257073&doi=10.1016%2fj.jsat.2021.108312&partnerID=40&md5=e35ab72ace4b0a444134a01a92780c5f VL - 125 ID - 18 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose: Methadone maintenance treatment is a life-saving treatment for people with opioid use disorders (OUD). The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has introduced many concerns surrounding access to opioid treatment. In March 2020, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) issued guidance allowing for the expansion of take-home methadone doses. We sought to describe changes to treatment experiences from the perspective of persons receiving methadone at outpatient treatment facilities for OUD. Methods: We conducted an in-person survey among 104 persons receiving methadone from three clinics in central North Carolina in June and July 2020. Surveys collected information on demographic characteristics, methadone treatment history, and experiences with take-home methadone doses in the context of COVID-19 (i.e., before and since March 2020). Results: Before COVID-19, the clinic-level percent of participants receiving any amount of days' supply of take-home doses at each clinic ranged from 56% to 82%, while it ranged from 78% to 100% since COVID-19. The clinic-level percent of participants receiving a take-homes days' supply of a week or longer (i.e., ≥6 days) since COVID-19 ranged from 11% to 56%. Among 87 participants who received take-homes since COVID-19, only four reported selling their take-home doses. Conclusions: Our study found variation in experiences of take-home dosing by clinic and little diversion of take-home doses. While SAMSHA guidance should allow expanded access to take-home doses, adoption of these guidelines may vary at the clinic level. The adoption of these policies should be explored further, particularly in the context of benefits to patients seeking OUD treatment. © 2021 The Authors AD - Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States North Carolina Survivor's Union, Greensboro, NC, United States AU - Figgatt, M. C. AU - Salazar, Z. AU - Day, E. AU - Vincent, L. AU - Dasgupta, N. C2 - 33612201 C7 - 108276 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108276 J2 - J. Subst. Abuse Treat. KW - Coronavirus COVID-19 Methadone maintenance Opioid treatment programs methadone opiate adult Article controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 cost of living drug dependence female health care access health care policy help seeking behavior human major clinical study male medical history methadone treatment practice guideline priority journal treatment duration adolescent dose calculation North Carolina opiate addiction opiate substitution treatment patient satisfaction questionnaire young adult Drug Dosage Calculations Humans Opioid-Related Disorders SARS-CoV-2 Surveys and Questionnaires LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JSATE Correspondence Address: Figgatt, M.C.725 Martin Luther King Blvd, CB# 7505, United States; email: mfiggatt@unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: methadone, 1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3; opiate, 53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4; Methadone Funding details: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, FDA Funding details: University of North Carolina, UNC Funding details: University of North Carolina Wilmington, UNCW, HHSF223201810183C Funding text 1: This project was supported in part through a US Food and Drug Administration contract to the University of North Carolina (HHSF223201810183C).We are appreciative of Elizabeth Joniak-Grant, Maryalice Nocera, and Toska Cooper for their support of this work. Funding text 2: This project was supported in part through a US Food and Drug Administration contract to the University of North Carolina ( HHSF223201810183C ). References: Davis, C.S., Samuels, E.A., Continuing increased access to buprenorphine in the United States via telemedicine after COVID-19 (2020) International Journal of Drug Policy; del Pozo, B., Beletsky, L., No “back to normal” after COVID-19 for our failed drug policies (2020) The International Journal on Drug Policy.; Del Pozo, B., Beletsky, L., Rich, J.D., COVID-19 as a frying pan: The promise and perils of pandemic-driven reform (2020) Journal of Addiction Medicine.; Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Federal Regulation of Methadone Treatment, Rettig, R.A., Yarmolinsky, A., Methadone diversion control (1995) Federal REGULATION OF METHADONE TREATMENT, , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK232116/, National Academies Press (US); Khatri, U.G., Perrone, J., Opioid use disorder and COVID-19: Crashing of the crises (2020) Journal of Addiction Medicine, 14 (4), pp. e6-e7; Kourounis, G., Richards, B.D.W., Kyprianou, E., Symeonidou, E., Malliori, M.-M., Samartzis, L., Opioid substitution therapy: Lowering the treatment thresholds (2016) Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 161, pp. 1-8; Krawczyk, N., Fingerhood, M.I., Agus, D., Lessons from COVID 19: Are we finally ready to make opioid treatment accessible? (2020) Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 117, p. 108074; Leppla, I.E., Gross, M.S., Optimizing medication treatment of opioid use disorder during COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) (2020) Journal of Addiction Medicine.; Mattick, R.P., Breen, C., Kimber, J., Davoli, M., Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence (2009) The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3; Peavy, K.M., Darnton, J., Grekin, P., Russo, M., Green, C.J.B., Merrill, J.O., Tsui, J.I., Rapid implementation of service delivery changes to mitigate COVID-19 and maintain access to methadone among persons with and at high-risk for HIV in an opioid treatment program (2020) AIDS and Behavior, pp. 1-4; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Opioid Treatment Program (OTP) guidance (2020), https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/otp-guidance-20200316.pdf; Walley, A.Y., Cheng, D.M., Pierce, C.E., Chen, C., Filippell, T., Samet, J.H., Alford, D.P., Methadone dose, take home status, and hospital admission among methadone maintenance patients (2012) Journal of Addiction Medicine, 6 (3), pp. 186-190; Woody, G.E., Kane, V., Lewis, K., Thompson, R., Premature deaths after discharge from methadone maintenance: A replication (2007) Journal of Addiction Medicine, 1 (4), pp. 180-185 PY - 2021 SN - 07405472 (ISSN) ST - Take-home dosing experiences among persons receiving methadone maintenance treatment during COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment TI - Take-home dosing experiences among persons receiving methadone maintenance treatment during COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099138801&doi=10.1016%2fj.jsat.2021.108276&partnerID=40&md5=c220a7c0306c0c2be121839514cbd0bb VL - 123 ID - 45 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Never before has the value of prevention science become so apparent to the populace, particularly in simultaneous fashion across all nations. A general understanding of what prevention represents in true form has lagged well behind the science and, in fact, few outside of the field recognize that there is actually a significant body of research that undergirds preventative practices, programs and policies. The current pandemic and the uneven impacts on underserved and marginalized populations has highlighted the need for proactive approaches to prevent underlying conditions that increase risk for infection, worsen the wide ranging harms from the virus, and significantly exacerbate disparities that characterize many nations. To ensure uptake of the science by end-users (e.g., community stakeholders, practitioners, policymakers), who operate the levers that determine whether resources and services are distributed equitably across societies’ sectors, prevention scientists have a unique and powerful role to play. This commentary on the special issue, focused on the “culture of prevention,” considers the broader issues covered in the set of original articles in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Toward that end, I also outline two interrelated “calls to action” for prevention scientists. The first call is to concertedly apply a race equity lens to all aspects of our research, a need that is particularly critical given that our field is inherently actionable and, as such, evidence amassed has potential to equalize the playing field for disadvantaged and marginalized groups. The second acknowledges the need for prevention scientists to learn how to effectively communicate scientific knowledge to the public and policymakers to compellingly advocate for reforms guided by the science. A powerful, research-backed collective advocacy can effectively sway action of governing bodies in addressing disparities and inequities for constituents who have no voice. © 2020, Society for Prevention Research. AD - National Prevention Science Coalition to Improve Lives (NPSC), United States Translational Neuro-Prevention Research, FPG Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, 105 Smith Level Road, Room 307, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Program on Translational Research on Adversity and Neurodevelopment (P-TRAN), Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center and Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States AU - Fishbein, D. C2 - 33215309 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s11121-020-01180-w IS - 1 J2 - Prev. Sci. KW - human organization and management prevention and control preventive health service risk factor social exclusion virology COVID-19 Humans Preventive Health Services Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 Social Marginalization Syndemic LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Fishbein, D.; Translational Neuro-Prevention Research, 105 Smith Level Road, Room 307, United States; email: dfishbein@unc.edu References: Antle, B.F., Christensen, D.N., van Zyl, M.A., Barbee, A.P., The impact of the solution based casework (SBC) practice model on federal outcomes in public child welfare (2012) Child Abuse & Neglect, 36, pp. 342-353; Bekker, M., Ivankovic, D., Biermann, O., Early lessons from COVID-19 response and shifts in authority: Public trust, policy legitimacy and political inclusion (2020) The European Journal of Public Health, 30 (5), pp. 854-855; Bromme, R., Beelmann, A., Transfer entails communication: The public understanding of (social) science as a stage and a play for implementing evidence-based prevention knowledge and programs (2018) Prevention Science, 19, pp. 347-357; Cobbinah, S.S., Lewis, J., Racism & health: A public health perspective on racial discrimination (2018) Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 24, pp. 995-998; Cogburn, C.D., Culture, race, and health: Implications for racial inequities and population health (2019) The Milbank Quarterly, 97, pp. 736-761; Crowley, D.M., Dodge, K.A., Barnett, W.S., Corso, P., Duffy, S., Graham, P., Greenberg, M., Plotnick, R., Standards of evidence for conducting and reporting economic evaluations in prevention science (2018) Prevention Science, 19, pp. 366-390; Embry, D.D., Behavioral vaccines and evidence-based kernels: Nonpharmaceutical approaches for the prevention of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders (2011) The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 34, pp. 1-34; Fegert, J.M., Vitiello, B., Plener, P.L., Clemens, V., Challenges and burden of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: A narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality (2020) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 14, p. 20; Gould, E., Wilson, V., (2020) Black workers face two of the most lethal preexisting conditions for coronavirus—Racism and economic inequality; Griffith, D.M., Johnson, J., Ellis, K.R., Schulz, A.J., Cultural context and a critical approach to eliminating health disparities (2010) Ethnicity & Disease, 20, pp. 71-76; Kendall-Taylor, N., Levitt, P., Beyond hat in hand: Science advocacy is foundational for policy decisions (2017) Neuron, 94, pp. 708-712; Kim, S.J., Bostwick, W., Social vulnerability and racial inequality in COVID-19 deaths in Chicago (2020) Health Education & Behavior, 47, pp. 509-513; Kim, B.K., Gloppen, K.M., Rhew, I.C., Oesterle, S., Hawkins, J.D., Effects of the communities that care prevention system on youth reports of protective factors (2015) Prevention Science, 16, pp. 652-662; Lai, C.K., Marini, M., Lehr, S.A., Cerruti, C., Shin, J.E., Joy-Gaba, J.A., Ho, A.K., Nosek, B.A., Reducing implicit racial preferences: I. a comparative investigation of 17 interventions (2014) Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 143, pp. 1765-1785; Lardier, D.T., Jr., Bergeson, C., Bermea, A.M., Herr, K.G., Forenza, B., Garcia-Reid, P., Reid, R.J., Community coalitions as spaces for collective voice, action, and the sharing of resources (2019) Journal of Community Psychology, 47, pp. 21-33; Marteau, T.M., Changing minds about changing behaviour (2018) Lancet, 391, pp. 116-117; Michaud-Létourneau, I., Gayard, M., Mathisen, R., Phan, L.T.H., Weissman, A., Pelletier, D.L., Enhancing governance and strengthening advocacy for policy change of large collective impact initiatives (2019) Maternal & Child Nutrition, 15 Suppl 2; Millett, G.A., Jones, A.T., Benkeser, D., Baral, S., Mercer, L., Beyrer, C., Honermann, B., Sullivan, P.S., Assessing differential impacts of COVID-19 on black communities (2020) Annals of Epidemiology, 47, pp. 37-44; (2009) Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: Progress and possibilities, , The National Academies Press, Washington D.C; Ramey, C.T., The abecedarian approach to social, educational, and health disparities (2018) Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21, pp. 527-544; Roumeliotis, F., Politics of prevention: The emergence of prevention science (2015) The International Journal on Drug Policy, 26, pp. 746-754; Sloboda, Z., David, S.B., Commentary on the Culture of Prevention (2020) Prev Sci, pp. 1-7. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-020-01158-8; Spoth, R.L., Schainker, L.L., Hiller-Sturmhöefel, S., Translating family-focused prevention science into public health impact (2011) Alcohol Research & Health, 34, pp. 188-203; Spoth, R., Redmond, C., Shin, C., Greenberg, M.T., Feinberg, M.E., Trudeau, L., PROSPER delivery of universal preventive interventions with young adolescents: Long-term effects on emerging adult substance misuse and associated risk behaviors (2017) Psychological Medicine, 47, pp. 2246-2259; Stormshak, E., Caruthers, A., Chronister, K., DeGarmo, D., Stapleton, J., Falkenstein, C., DeVargas, E., Nash, W., Reducing risk behavior with family-centered prevention during the young adult years (2019) Prevention Science, 20, pp. 321-330; Stormshak, E.A., McIntyre, L.L., Garbacz, S.A., Kosty, D.B., Family-centered prevention to enhance parenting skills during the transition to elementary school: A randomized trial (2020) Journal of Family Psychology, 34, pp. 122-127; Wadhera, R.K., Wadhera, P., Gaba, P., Figueroa, J.F., Joynt Maddox, K.E., Yeh, R.W., Shen, C., Variation in COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths across New York City boroughs (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2192-2195; Wandersman, A., Florin, P., Community interventions and effective prevention (2003) The American Psychologist, 58, pp. 441-448; Webb Hooper, M., Nápoles, A.M., Pérez-Stable, E.J., COVID-19 and racial/ethnic disparities (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2466-2467; Williams, D.R., Cooper, L.A., Reducing racial inequities in health: Using what we already know to take action (2019) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16. , &, (,).,.,., https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040606; Yoshikawa, H., Aber, J.L., Beardslee, W.R., The effects of poverty on the mental, emotional, and behavioral health of children and youth: Implications for prevention (2012) The American Psychologist, 67, pp. 272-284 PY - 2021 SN - 13894986 (ISSN) SP - 94-99 ST - The Pivotal Role of Prevention Science in This Syndemic T2 - Prevention Science TI - The Pivotal Role of Prevention Science in This Syndemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096291039&doi=10.1007%2fs11121-020-01180-w&partnerID=40&md5=4902001787c1edcf664cb16ec9ba13eb VL - 22 ID - 221 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Rationale & Objective: Underlying kidney disease is an emerging risk factor for more severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness. We examined the clinical courses of critically ill COVID-19 patients with and without pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and investigated the association between the degree of underlying kidney disease and in-hospital outcomes. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Settings & Participants: 4,264 critically ill patients with COVID-19 (143 patients with pre-existing kidney failure receiving maintenance dialysis; 521 patients with pre-existing non-dialysis-dependent CKD; and 3,600 patients without pre-existing CKD) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at 68 hospitals across the United States. Predictor(s): Presence (vs absence) of pre-existing kidney disease. Outcome(s): In-hospital mortality (primary); respiratory failure, shock, ventricular arrhythmia/cardiac arrest, thromboembolic events, major bleeds, and acute liver injury (secondary). Analytical Approach: We used standardized differences to compare patient characteristics (values > 0.10 indicate a meaningful difference between groups) and multivariable-adjusted Fine and Gray survival models to examine outcome associations. Results: Dialysis patients had a shorter time from symptom onset to ICU admission compared to other groups (median of 4 [IQR, 2-9] days for maintenance dialysis patients; 7 [IQR, 3-10] days for non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients; and 7 [IQR, 4-10] days for patients without pre-existing CKD). More dialysis patients (25%) reported altered mental status than those with non-dialysis-dependent CKD (20%; standardized difference = 0.12) and those without pre-existing CKD (12%; standardized difference = 0.36). Half of dialysis and non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients died within 28 days of ICU admission versus 35% of patients without pre-existing CKD. Compared to patients without pre-existing CKD, dialysis patients had higher risk for 28-day in-hospital death (adjusted HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 1.09-1.81]), while patients with non-dialysis-dependent CKD had an intermediate risk (adjusted HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.08-1.44]). Limitations: Potential residual confounding. Conclusions: Findings highlight the high mortality of individuals with underlying kidney disease and severe COVID-19, underscoring the importance of identifying safe and effective COVID-19 therapies in this vulnerable population. © 2020 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. AD - Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina (UNC) Kidney Center, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States Department of Medicine/Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Division of Nephrology, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States Section of Nephrology, Hypertension and Kidney Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Renal Section, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States AU - Flythe, J. E. AU - Assimon, M. M. AU - Tugman, M. J. AU - Chang, E. H. AU - Gupta, S. AU - Shah, J. AU - Sosa, M. A. AU - Renaghan, A. D. AU - Melamed, M. L. AU - Wilson, F. P. AU - Neyra, J. A. AU - Rashidi, A. AU - Boyle, S. M. AU - Anand, S. AU - Christov, M. AU - Thomas, L. F. AU - Edmonston, D. AU - Leaf, D. E. AU - Walther, C. P. AU - Anumudu, S. J. AU - Arunthamakun, J. AU - Kopecky, K. F. AU - Milligan, G. P. AU - McCullough, P. A. AU - Nguyen, T. D. AU - Shaefi, S. AU - Krajewski, M. L. AU - Shankar, S. AU - Pannu, A. AU - Valencia, J. D. AU - Waikar, S. S. AU - Kibbelaar, Z. A. AU - Athavale, A. M. AU - Hart, P. AU - Upadhyay, S. AU - Vohra, I. AU - Green, A. AU - Rachoin, J. S. AU - Schorr, C. A. AU - Shea, L. AU - Edmonston, D. L. AU - Mosher, C. L. AU - Shehata, A. M. AU - Cohen, Z. AU - Allusson, V. AU - Bambrick-Santoyo, G. AU - Bhatti, N. U. A. AU - Mehta, B. AU - Williams, A. AU - Brenner, S. K. AU - Walters, P. AU - Go, R. C. AU - Rose, K. M. AU - Chan, L. AU - Mathews, K. S. AU - Coca, S. G. AU - Altman, D. R. AU - Saha, A. AU - Soh, H. AU - Wen, H. H. AU - Bose, S. AU - Leven, E. A. AU - Wang, J. G. AU - Mosoyan, G. AU - Nadkarni, G. N. AU - Pattharanitima, P. AU - Gallagher, E. J. AU - Friedman, A. N. AU - Guirguis, J. AU - Kapoor, R. AU - Meshberger, C. AU - Kelly, K. J. AU - Parikh, C. R. AU - Garibaldi, B. T. AU - Corona-Villalobos, C. P. AU - Wen, Y. AU - Menez, S. AU - Malik, R. F. AU - Cervantes, C. E. AU - Gautam, S. C. AU - Mallappallil, M. C. AU - Ouyang, J. AU - John, S. AU - Yap, E. AU - Melaku, Y. AU - Mohamed, I. AU - Bajracharya, S. AU - Puri, I. AU - Thaxton, M. AU - Bhattacharya, J. AU - Wagner, J. AU - Boudourakis, L. AU - Nguyen, H. B. AU - Ahoubim, A. AU - Kashani, K. AU - Tehranian, S. AU - Sirganagari, D. R. AU - Guru, P. K. AU - Zhou, Y. AU - Bergl, P. A. AU - Rodriguez, J. AU - Shah, J. A. AU - Gupta, M. S. AU - Kumar, P. N. AU - Lazarous, D. G. AU - Kassaye, S. G. AU - Johns, T. S. AU - Mocerino, R. AU - Prudhvi, K. AU - Zhu, D. AU - Levy, R. V. AU - Azzi, Y. AU - Fisher, M. AU - Yunes, M. AU - Sedaliu, K. AU - Golestaneh, L. AU - Brogan, M. AU - Kumar, N. AU - Chang, M. AU - Thakkar, J. AU - Raichoudhury, R. AU - Athreya, A. AU - Farag, M. AU - Schenck, E. J. AU - Cho, S. J. AU - Plataki, M. AU - Alvarez-Mulett, S. L. AU - Gomez-Escobar, L. G. AU - Pan, D. AU - Lee, S. AU - Krishnan, J. AU - Whalen, W. AU - Charytan, D. AU - Macina, A. AU - Chaudhry, S. AU - Wu, B. AU - Modersitzki, F. AU - Srivastava, A. AU - Leidner, A. S. AU - Martinez, C. AU - Kruser, J. M. AU - Wunderink, R. G. AU - Hodakowski, A. J. AU - Velez, J. C. Q. AU - Price-Haywood, E. G. AU - Matute-Trochez, L. A. AU - Hasty, A. E. AU - Mohamed, M. M. B. AU - Avasare, R. S. AU - Zonies, D. AU - Sise, M. E. AU - Newman, E. T. AU - Abu Omar, S. AU - Pokharel, K. K. AU - Sharma, S. AU - Singh, H. AU - Correa, S. AU - Shaukat, T. AU - Kamal, O. AU - Wang, W. AU - Yang, H. AU - Boateng, J. O. AU - Lee, M. AU - Strohbehn, I. A. AU - Li, J. AU - Mueller, A. L. AU - Redfern, R. AU - Cairl, N. S. AU - Naimy, G. AU - Abu-Saif, A. AU - Hall, D. AU - Bickley, L. AU - Rowan, C. AU - Madhani-Lovely, F. AU - Peev, V. AU - Reiser, J. AU - Byun, J. J. AU - Vissing, A. AU - Kapania, E. M. AU - Post, Z. AU - Patel, N. P. AU - Hermes, J. M. AU - Sutherland, A. K. AU - Patrawalla, A. AU - Finkel, D. G. AU - Danek, B. A. AU - Arikapudi, S. AU - Paer, J. M. AU - Cangialosi, P. AU - Liotta, M. AU - Radbel, J. AU - Puri, S. AU - Sunderram, J. AU - Scharf, M. T. AU - Ahmed, A. AU - Berim, I. AU - Vatson, J. S. AU - Levitt, J. E. AU - Garcia, P. AU - Song, R. AU - Zhang, J. AU - Woo, S. H. AU - Deng, X. AU - Katz-Greenberg, G. AU - Senter, K. AU - Sharshir, M. A. AU - Rusnak, V. V. AU - Ali, M. I. AU - Bansal, A. AU - Podoll, A. S. AU - Chonchol, M. AU - Sharma, S. AU - Burnham, E. L. AU - Hejal, R. AU - Judd, E. AU - Latta, L. AU - Tolwani, A. AU - Albertson, T. E. AU - Adams, J. Y. AU - Reagan, R. AU - Chang, S. Y. AU - Beutler, R. M. AU - Monica, S. AU - Schulze, C. E. AU - Macedo, E. AU - Rhee, H. AU - Liu, K. D. AU - Jotwani, V. K. AU - Koyner, J. L. AU - Kunczt, A. AU - Shah, C. V. AU - Jaikaransingh, V. AU - Toth-Manikowski, S. M. AU - Joo, M. J. AU - Lash, J. P. AU - Chaaban, N. AU - Dy, R. AU - Iardino, A. AU - Au, E. H. AU - Sharma, J. H. AU - Taldone, S. AU - Contreras, G. AU - De La Zerda, D. AU - Gershengorn, H. B. AU - Hayek, S. S. AU - Blakely, P. AU - Berlin, H. AU - Azam, T. U. AU - Shadid, H. AU - Pan, M. AU - Hayer, P. O. AU - Meloche, C. AU - Feroze, R. AU - Kaakati, R. AU - Perry, D. AU - Bitar, A. AU - Anderson, E. AU - Padalia, K. J. AU - Donnelly, J. P. AU - Admon, A. J. AU - Brown, B. R. AU - Leonberg-Yoo, A. K. AU - Spiardi, R. C. AU - Miano, T. A. AU - Roche, M. S. AU - Vasquez, C. R. AU - Bansal, A. D. AU - Ernecoff, N. C. AU - Kapoor, S. AU - Verma, S. AU - Chen, H. AU - Kovesdy, C. P. AU - Molnar, M. Z. AU - Azhar, A. AU - Hedayati, S. S. AU - Nadamuni, M. V. AU - Shastri, S. AU - Willett, D. L. AU - Short, S. A. P. AU - Renaghan, A. D. AU - Enfield, K. B. AU - Bhatraju, P. K. AU - Malik, A. B. AU - Semler, M. W. AU - Vijayan, A. AU - Mariyam Joy, C. AU - Li, T. AU - Goldberg, S. AU - Kao, P. F. AU - Schumaker, G. L. AU - Goyal, N. AU - Faugno, A. J. AU - Hsu, C. M. AU - Tariq, A. AU - Meyer, L. AU - Kshirsagar, R. K. AU - Weiner, D. E. AU - Jose, A. AU - Griffiths, J. AU - Gupta, S. AU - Kapoor, A. AU - Wilson, P. AU - Arora, T. AU - Ugwuowo, U. AU - Investigators, Stop-Covid C2 - 32961244 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.09.003 IS - 2 J2 - Am. J. Kidney Dis. KW - altered mental status chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinical course clinical trajectory Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) COVID-19 outcome critical illness dialysis end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) end-stage renal disease (ESRD) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in-hospital mortality intensive care unit (ICU) prognosis renal function severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) severe COVID-19 aged chronic kidney failure comorbidity female hemodialysis hospital mortality human intensive care unit isolation and purification kidney function test male mortality pathophysiology procedures retrospective study risk factor treatment outcome United States COVID-19 Humans Intensive Care Units Kidney Function Tests Renal Dialysis Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Retrospective Studies Risk Factors SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJKDD Correspondence Address: Flythe, J.E.; University of North Carolina Kidney Center, 7024 Burnett-Womack CB #7155, United States; email: jflythe@med.unc.edu Funding details: R01DK125786, R01HL144566 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, K23 DK109401 Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI Funding details: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK, K23 DK101826, P30DK097310, R01DK113191 Funding details: National Kidney Foundation, NKF Funding details: Westchester Community Foundation, WCF Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding details: International Society of Nephrology, ISN Funding text 1: A full list of the STOP-COVID Investigators is provided in Item S2. Jennifer E. Flythe, MD, MPH, Magdalene M. Assimon, PharmD, PhD, Matthew J. Tugman, BA, Emily H. Chang, MD, Shruti Gupta, MD, MPH, Jatan Shah, MD, Marie Anne Sosa, MD, Amanda DeMauro Renaghan, MD, Michal L. Melamed, MD, MHS, F. Perry Wilson, MD, Javier A. Neyra, MD, MSCS, Arash Rashidi, MD, Suzanne M. Boyle, MD, MSCE, Shuchi Anand, MD, MS, Marta Christov, MD, PhD, Leslie F. Thomas, MD, Daniel Edmonston, MD, and David E. Leaf, MD, MMSc. Research idea and study design: JEF, MMA; data acquisition: all authors; data analysis/interpretation: all authors; statistical analysis: MMA; supervision or mentorship: JEF, DEL. JEF and MMA contributed equally to this work. Each author contributed important intellectual content during manuscript drafting or revision and agrees to be personally accountable for the individual's own contributions and to ensure that questions pertaining to the accuracy or integrity of any portion of the work, even one in which the author was not directly involved, are appropriately investigated and resolved, including with documentation in the literature if appropriate. Drs Flythe and Assimon are supported by R01 HL152034 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr Flythe is supported by K23 DK109401 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the NIH. Dr Wilson is supported by R01DK113191 and P30DK097310 from the NIDDK of the NIH. Dr Anand is supported by K23 DK101826 from the NIDDK of the NIH. Dr Christov is supported by the Westchester Community Foundation ? Renal Clinic Fund. Dr Leaf is supported by R01DK125786 from the NIDDK of the NIH and R01HL144566 from the NHLBI of the NIH. The funders played no role in study design; data collection, analysis, or reporting; or the decision to submit for publication. In the last 3 years, Dr Flythe received speaking honoraria from American Renal Associates, American Society of Nephrology, Dialysis Clinic, Inc, National Kidney Foundation, and multiple universities; received investigator-initiated research funding from the Renal Research Institute, a subsidiary of Fresenius Medical Care, North America; is on the medical advisory board of NxStage Medical, Inc; and has received consulting fees from Fresenius Medical Care, North America and AstraZeneca. In the last 3 years, Dr Assimon received investigator-initiated research funding from the Renal Research Institute and honoraria from the International Society of Nephrology. In the last 3 years, Dr Chang received investigator-initiated funding from the Renal Research Institute. Dr Gupta is a scientific coordinator for GlaxoSmithKline's ASCEND trial. In the last 3 years, Dr Anand received the Normon S. Coplon Applied Pragmatic Research Award sponsored by Satellite Health Care and has consulted for DURECT. The remaining authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. The authors thank the study site research teams who invested countless hours in electronic health record review and data entry. Received July 24, 2020. Evaluated by 2 external peer reviewers, with direct editorial input from a Statistics/Methods Editor and an Associate Editor, who served as Acting Editor-in-Chief. Accepted in revised form September 15, 2020. The involvement of an Acting Editor-in-Chief was to comply with AJKD's procedures for potential conflicts of interest for editors, described in the Information for Authors & Journal Policies. Funding text 2: Drs Flythe and Assimon are supported by R01 HL152034 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr Flythe is supported by K23 DK109401 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) of the NIH . Dr Wilson is supported by R01DK113191 and P30DK097310 from the NIDDK of the NIH . Dr Anand is supported by K23 DK101826 from the NIDDK of the NIH . Dr Christov is supported by the Westchester Community Foundation – Renal Clinic Fund. Dr Leaf is supported by R01DK125786 from the NIDDK of the NIH and R01HL144566 from the NHLBI of the NIH . The funders played no role in study design; data collection, analysis, or reporting; or the decision to submit for publication. References: Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center, 2020 https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/, Accessed September 13, 2020; Williamson, E.J., Walker, A.J., Bhaskaran, K., Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY (2020) Nature, 584 (7821), pp. 430-436; Henry, B.M., Lippi, G., Chronic kidney disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection (2020) Int Urol Nephrol, 52 (6), pp. 1193-1194; Cummings, M.J., Baldwin, M.R., Abrams, D., Epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill adults with COVID-19 in New York City: a prospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10239), pp. 1763-1770; Rapp, J., Lieberman-Cribbin, W., Tuminello, S., Taioli, E., Male sex, severe obesity, older age, and chronic kidney disease are associated with COVID-19 severity and mortality in New York City [published online ahead of print August 2020]. Chest. 2020;; Gansevoort, R.T., Hilbrands, L.B., CKD is a key risk factor for COVID-19 mortality (2020) Nat Rev Nephrol, 26, pp. 1-2; Fried, M.W., Crawford, J.M., Mospan, A.R., Patient characteristics and outcomes of 11,721 patients with COVID19 hospitalized across the United States [published online ahead of print August 2020]. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;; COVID-19 Report, 2020 https://www.icnarc.org/Our-Audit/Audits/Cmp/Reports2020, Accessed September 10, 2020; Hutchison, C.A., Crowe, A.V., Stevens, P.E., Harrison, D.A., Lipkin, G.W., Case mix, outcome and activity for patients admitted to intensive care units requiring chronic renal dialysis: a secondary analysis of the ICNARC Case Mix Programme Database (2007) Crit Care, 11 (2), p. R50; Gilbertson, D.T., Rothman, K.J., Chertow, G.M., Excess deaths attributable to influenza-like illness in the ESRD population (2019) J Am Soc Nephrol, 30 (2), pp. 346-353; Ando, M., Shibuya, A., Tsuchiya, K., Akiba, T., Nitta, K., Reduced expression of Toll-like receptor 4 contributes to impaired cytokine response of monocytes in uremic patients (2006) Kidney Int, 70 (2), pp. 358-362; Girndt, M., Sester, M., Sester, U., Kaul, H., Köhler, H., Defective expression of B7-2 (CD86) on monocytes of dialysis patients correlates to the uremia-associated immune defect (2001) Kidney Int, 59 (4), pp. 1382-1389; Syed-Ahmed, M., Narayanan, M., Immune dysfunction and risk of infection in chronic kidney disease (2019) Adv Chronic Kidney Dis, 26 (1), pp. 8-15; Wiersinga, W.J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A.C., Peacock, S.J., Prescott, H.C., Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review (2020) JAMA, 324 (8), pp. 782-793; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City area (2020) JAMA, 323 (20), pp. 2052-2059; Arentz, M., Yim, E., Klaff, L., Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State (2020) JAMA, 323 (16), pp. 1612-1614; Singer, A.J., Morley, E.J., Meyers, K., Cohort of four thousand four hundred four persons under investigation for COVID-19 in a New York hospital and predictors of ICU care and ventilation (2020) Ann Emerg Med, 76 (76), pp. 394-404; Chan, L., Chaudhary, K., Saha, A., AKI in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020 Sep 3;ASN.2020050615. [published online ahead of print]; Gupta, S., Coca, S., Chan, L., Acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;; Cheng, Y., Luo, R., Wang, K., Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 (2020) Kidney Int, 97 (5), pp. 829-838; Guan, W.J., Liang, W.H., Zhao, Y., Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis (2020) Eur Respir J, 55 (5); Hirsch, J.S., Ng, J.H., Ross, D.W., Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (2020) Kidney Int, 98 (1), pp. 209-218; Wu, J., Li, J., Zhu, G., Clinical features of maintenance hemodialysis patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 15 (8), pp. 1139-1145; Corbett, R.W., Blakey, S., Nitsch, D., Epidemiology of COVID-19 in an urban dialysis center (2020) J Am Soc Nephrol, 31 (8), pp. 1815-1823; COVID-19 Data, 2020 https://renal.org/covid-19/data/2020, Accessed September 10, 2020; Gupta, S., Hayek, S.S., Wang, W., Factors associated with death in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in the US (2020) JAMA Intern Med, 180 (180), pp. 1-12; Levey, A.S., Coresh, J., Greene, T., Using standardized serum creatinine values in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate (2006) Ann Intern Med, 145 (4), pp. 247-254; Levey, A.S., Stevens, L.A., Schmid, C.H., A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (2009) Ann Intern Med, 150 (9), pp. 604-612; Austin, P.C., Using the standardized difference to compare the prevalence of a binary variable between two groups in observational research (2009) Commun Stat Simul Comput, 38 (6), pp. 1228-1234; Yang, D., Dalton, J., Paper 335-2012: A unified approach to measuring the effect size between two groups using SAS® https://support.sas.com/resources/papers/proceedings12/335-2012.pdf, Accessed September 10, 2020; Moon, A.M., Webb, G.J., Aloman, C., High mortality rates for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: preliminary results from an international registry (2020) J Hepatol, 73 (3), pp. 705-708; Yan, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, F., Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes (2020) BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 8 (1); Killerby, M.E., Link-Gelles, R., Haight, S.C., Characteristics associated with hospitalization among patients with COVID-19 - metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, March-April 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (25), pp. 790-794; Garg, S., Kim, L., Whitaker, M., Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1-30, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (15), pp. 458-464; Grasselli, G., Zangrillo, A., Zanella, A., Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323 (16), pp. 1574-1581; Valeri, A.M., Robbins-Juarez, S.Y., Stevens, J.S., Presentation and outcomes of patients with ESKD and COVID-19 (2020) J Am Soc Nephrol, 31 (7), pp. 1409-1415; Ma, Y., Diao, B., Lv, X., Epidemiological, clinical, and immunological features of a cluster of COVID-19 contracted hemodialysis patients (2020) Kidney Int Rep, 5 (8), pp. 1333-1341; Fisher, M., Milagros, Y., Mokrzycki, M., Golestaneh, L., Alahiri, E., Coco, M., Chronic hemodialysis patients hospitalized with COVID-19- short-term outcomes in Bronx, New York (2020) Kidney360, 1 (8), pp. 755-762; Adamsick, M.L., Gandhi, R.G., Bidell, M.R., Remdesivir in patients with acute or chronic kidney disease and COVID-19 (2020) J Am Soc Nephrol, 31 (7), pp. 1384-1386; Study of the use of favipiravir in hospitalized subjects with COVID-19, 2020 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04358549, Accessed September 10, 2020; Chertow, G.M., Normand, S.L., McNeil, B.J., “Renalism”: inappropriately low rates of coronary angiography in elderly individuals with renal insufficiency (2004) J Am Soc Nephrol, 15 (9), pp. 2462-2468; Varatharaj, A., Thomas, N., Ellul, M.A., Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study (2020) Lancet Psychiatry, 7 (10), pp. 875-882; Nuzzo, D., Picone, P., Potential neurological effects of severe COVID-19 infection (2020) Neurosci Res, 158, pp. 1-5; Sterne, J.A.C., Murthy, S., Diaz, J.V., Association between administration of systemic corticosteroids and mortality among critically ill patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis (2020) JAMA, 324 (13), pp. 1-13; Gulart, A.A., Silva, I.J.C.S., Early prone position for COVID-19 patients with severe hypoxia: reduces the mortality but increases the intubation risk (2020) Intensive Care Med, pp. 1-2; Zang, X., Wang, Q., Zhou, H., Liu, S., Xue, X., COVID-19 Early Prone Position Study Group. Efficacy of early prone position for COVID-19 patients with severe hypoxia: a single-center prospective cohort study (2020) Intensive Care Med, 46 (10), pp. 1927-1929; Golestani-Eraghi, M., Mahmoodpoor, A., Early application of prone position for management of Covid-19 patients (2020) J Clin Anesth, 66, p. 109917; Emergency use authorization for COVID-19 convalescent plasma, 2020 https://www.fda.gov/media/141477/download, Accessed September 10, 2020; Raith, E.P., Udy, A.A., Bailey, M., Prognostic accuracy of the SOFA score, SIRS criteria, and qSOFA score for in-hospital mortality among adults with suspected infection admitted to the intensive care unit (2017) JAMA, 317 (3), pp. 290-300 PY - 2021 SN - 02726386 (ISSN) SP - 190-203.e1 ST - Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States T2 - American Journal of Kidney Diseases TI - Characteristics and Outcomes of Individuals With Pre-existing Kidney Disease and COVID-19 Admitted to Intensive Care Units in the United States UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096337886&doi=10.1053%2fj.ajkd.2020.09.003&partnerID=40&md5=ea7081ad6791c8c60913bd3717796200 VL - 77 ID - 131 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The HERO registry was established to support research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on US healthcare workers. Objective: Describe the COVID-19 pandemic experiences of and effects on individuals participating in the HERO registry. Design: Cross-sectional, self-administered registry enrollment survey conducted from April 10 to July 31, 2020. Setting: Participants worked in hospitals (74.4%), outpatient clinics (7.4%), and other settings (18.2%) located throughout the nation. Participants: A total of 14,600 healthcare workers. Main Measures: COVID-19 exposure, viral and antibody testing, diagnosis of COVID-19, job burnout, and physical and emotional distress. Key Results: Mean age was 42.0 years, 76.4% were female, 78.9% were White, 33.2% were nurses, 18.4% were physicians, and 30.3% worked in settings at high risk for COVID-19 exposure (e.g., ICUs, EDs, COVID-19 units). Overall, 43.7% reported a COVID-19 exposure and 91.3% were exposed at work. Just 3.8% in both high- and low-risk settings experienced COVID-19 illness. In regression analyses controlling for demographics, professional role, and work setting, the risk of COVID-19 illness was higher for Black/African-Americans (aOR 2.32, 99% CI 1.45, 3.70, p < 0.01) and Hispanic/Latinos (aOR 2.19, 99% CI 1.55, 3.08, p < 0.01) compared with Whites. Overall, 41% responded that they were experiencing job burnout. Responding about the day before they completed the survey, 53% of participants reported feeling tired a lot of the day, 51% stress, 41% trouble sleeping, 38% worry, 21% sadness, 19% physical pain, and 15% anger. On average, healthcare workers reported experiencing 2.4 of these 7 distress feelings a lot of the day. Conclusions: Healthcare workers are at high risk for COVID-19 exposure, but rates of COVID-19 illness were low. The greater risk of COVID-19 infection among race/ethnicity minorities reported in the general population is also seen in healthcare workers. The HERO registry will continue to monitor changes in healthcare worker well-being during the pandemic. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04342806 © 2021, Society of General Internal Medicine. AD - Applied Clinical Research Center, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States Louisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA, United States OCHIN, Inc., Portland, OR, United States Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States AU - Forrest, C. B. AU - Xu, H. AU - Thomas, L. E. AU - Webb, L. E. AU - Cohen, L. W. AU - Carey, T. S. AU - Chuang, C. H. AU - Daraiseh, N. M. AU - Kaushal, R. AU - McClay, J. C. AU - Modave, F. AU - Nauman, E. AU - Todd, J. V. AU - Wallia, A. AU - Bruno, C. AU - Hernandez, A. F. AU - O’Brien, E. C. AU - for the, Hero Registry Research Group DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s11606-020-06529-z J2 - J. Gen. Intern. Med. KW - burnout COVID-19 disparities healthcare worker registry SARS-CoV-2 well-being LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JGIME Correspondence Address: Forrest, C.B.; Applied Clinical Research Center, United States; email: forrestc@chop.edu Funding details: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, PCORI Funding details: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, PCORI, COVID-19-2020-001 Funding details: Novartis Funding details: Amgen Funding text 1: Established in April 2020 with funding from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, the HERO research program is one of the research activities of PCORnet®, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network ( pcornet.org ). At its launch, the HERO research program included a registry ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04342806), data from which this manuscript reports, and a clinical trial on prophylactic use of hydroxychloroquine ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04334148). The clinical trial activated 40 recruitment sites, which were the primary sources of registry recruitment as well. All recruitment sites were part of or closely affiliated with academic medical centers. Funding text 2: The PCORnet® Study reported in this publication was conducted using PCORnet, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network. PCORnet has been developed with funding from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). Please see the Appendix for the list of HERO Registry Research Group collaborators. Funding text 3: The study was funded by PCORI through PCORI Award (COVID-19-2020-001), “HERO Registry & Trial: Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes.” Funding text 4: Dr. Hernandez, Nauman, Thomas, O’Brien, and Forrest report grants from PCORI, during the conduct of the study. Dr. Forrest reports additional grants from FDA, CDC, NIH, AHRQ, and Lily; none of these grants relates to the content of this work. Dr. O’Brien also reports grants from BMS, Novartis, and Amgen. References: National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, , https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/healthcare/default.html, Available at, Accessed on December 1, 2020; Gibson, D.M., Greene, J., Risk for severe COVID-19 illness among health care workers who work directly with patients (2020) J Gen Intern Med, 35, pp. 2804-2806; Hospitals and Health Systems Face Unprecedented Financial Pressures due to COVID-19., , https://www.aha.org/guidesreports/2020-05-05-hospitals-and-health-systems-face-unprecedented-financial-pressures-due#:~:text=The%20AHA%20estimates%20the%20net,treating%20COVID%2D19%20patients%20alone, Accessed on December 1, 2020; Rae, M., Claxton, G., Kurani, N., McDermott, D., Cox, C., Potential Costs of COVID-19 Treatment for People with Employer Coverage, , https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/potential-costs-of-coronavirus-treatment-for-people-with-employer-coverage/, Available at, Accessed on December 1, 2020; Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3 (3); Tan, B.Y., Chew, N.W., Lee, G.K., Jing, M., Goh, Y., Yeo, L.L., Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173, pp. 317-320; Chou, R., Dana, T., Buckley, D.I., Selph, S., Fu, R., Totten, A.M., Epidemiology of and risk factors for coronavirus infection in health care workers (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173, pp. 120-136; Jeremias, A., Nguyen, J., Levine, J., Pollack, S., Engellenner, W., Thakore, A., Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in a tertiary community hospital (2020) JAMA Internal Med, , https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4214, Published online, August 11; Moscola, J., Sembajwe, G., Jarrett, M., Farber, B., Chang, T., McGinn, T., Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in health care personnel in the New York City area (2020) JAMA., 324, pp. 893-895. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhslGmurfE; Vahidy, F.S., Bernard, D.W., Boom, M.L., Drews, A.L., Christensen, P., Finkelstein, J., Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among asymptomatic health care workers in the greater Houston, Texas, area (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3 (7); Dzau, V.J., Kirch, D., Nasca, T., Preventing a parallel pandemic — a national strategy to protect clinicians’ well-being (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 513-515. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFKjtrbO; Gross, C.P., Essien, U.R., Pasha, S., Gross, J.R., Wang, S.-Y., Nunez-Smith, M., Racial and ethnic disparities in population-level Covid-19 mortality (2020) J Gen Intern Med, 35, pp. 3097-3099; Hooper, M.W., Nápoles, A.M., Pérez-Stable, E.J., COVID-19 and racial/ethnic disparities (2020) JAMA., 323, pp. 2466-2467. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlSnt7nP; Martinez, D.A., Hinson, J.S., Klein, E.Y., Irvin, N.A., Saheed, M., Page, K.R., SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate for Latinos in the Baltimore-Washington, DC region (2020) JAMA., 324, pp. 392-395. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFWksb%2FK; Yancy, C.W., COVID-19 and African Americans (2020) JAMA., 323 (19), pp. 1891-1892. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVertbzN; Forrest, C.B., McTigue, K.M., Hernandez, A.F., Cohen, L.W., Cruz, H., Haynes, K., PCORnet® 2020: current state, accomplishments, and future directions (2020) J Clin Epidemiol, 129, pp. 60-67; Dolan, E.D., Mohr, D., Lempa, M., Joos, S., Fihn, S.D., Nelson, K.M., Using a single item to measure burnout in primary care staff: a psychometric evaluation (2015) J Gen Intern Med, 30, pp. 582-587; McMurray, J.E., Linzer, M., Konrad, T.R., Douglas, J., Shugerman, R., Nelson, K., The work lives of women physicians results from the physician work life study. The SGIM Career Satisfaction Study Group (2000) J Gen Intern Med, 15, pp. 372-380. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czpslertQ%3D%3D, PID: 10886471; Steptoe, A., Deaton, A., Stone, A.A., Subjective wellbeing, health, and ageing (2015) Lancet., 385, pp. 640-648; Shiffman, S., Stone, A.A., Hufford, M.R., Ecological momentary assessment (2008) Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 4, pp. 1-32; Gallup 2019 Global Emotions Report., , https://www.gallup.com/analytics/248906/gallup-global-emotions-report-2019.aspx, Accessed on December 1, 2020; Characteristics of health care personnel with COVID-19--United States, February 12-April 9, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 477-481; Your Health Care is in Women's Hands, , https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2019/08/your-health-care-in-womens-hands.html, Available at, Accessed December 1, 2020 PY - 2021 SN - 08848734 (ISSN) ST - Impact of the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic on US Healthcare Workers: Results from the HERO Registry T2 - Journal of General Internal Medicine TI - Impact of the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic on US Healthcare Workers: Results from the HERO Registry UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102528069&doi=10.1007%2fs11606-020-06529-z&partnerID=40&md5=38404f234dc60e0e9d4469fb7e65ac3c ID - 174 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Caring for older patients with breast cancer presents unique clinical considerations because of preexisting and competing comorbidity, the potential for treatment-related toxicity, and the consequent impact on functional status. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, treatment decision making for older patients is especially challenging and encourages us to refocus our treatment priorities. While we work to avoid treatment delays and maintain therapeutic benefit, we also need to minimize the risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposures, myelosuppression, general chemotherapy toxicity, and functional decline. Herein, we propose multidisciplinary care considerations for the aging patient with breast cancer, with the goal to promote a team-based, multidisciplinary treatment approach during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. These considerations remain relevant as we navigate the "new normal" for the approximately 30% of breast cancer patients aged 70 years and older who are diagnosed in the United States annually and for the thousands of older patients living with recurrent and/or metastatic disease. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com. AD - Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, MA, Boston, United States Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, CA, Duarte, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, MA, Boston, United States Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, MA, Boston, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, West Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TN, Memphis, United States Division of Hematology and Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Freedman, R. A. AU - Sedrak, M. S. AU - Bellon, J. R. AU - Block, C. C. AU - Lin, N. U. AU - King, T. A. AU - Minami, C. AU - VanderWalde, N. AU - Jolly, T. A. AU - Muss, H. B. AU - Winer, E. P. C2 - 32449757 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/jnci/djaa079 IS - 4 J2 - J Natl Cancer Inst LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2021 SN - 14602105 (ISSN) SP - 355-359 ST - Weathering the Storm: Managing Older Adults With Breast Cancer Amid COVID-19 and Beyond T2 - Journal of the National Cancer Institute TI - Weathering the Storm: Managing Older Adults With Breast Cancer Amid COVID-19 and Beyond UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85087008505&doi=10.1093%2fjnci%2fdjaa079&partnerID=40&md5=69cb6446febcf4c64183508dc547cef7 VL - 113 ID - 30 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose The Covid-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented stress to students and educational institutions across the world. We aimed to estimate the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of college students. Methods We used data on 419 first-year students (ages 18-20) at a large public university in North Carolina both before (October 2019-February 2020) and after (June/July 2020) the start of the Covid-19 pandemic. After evaluating descriptive data on mental health and stressors by students' demographic characteristics, we estimated the associations between Covid-19 stressors (including work reductions, health, distanced learning difficulties and social isolation) and mental health symptoms and severity controlling for students' pre-pandemic mental health, psychosocial resources, and demographic characteristics. Results We found that the prevalence of moderate-severe anxiety increased from 18.1% before the pandemic to 25.3% within four months after the pandemic began; and the prevalence of moderate-severe depression increased from 21.5% to 31.7%. White, female and sexual/ gender minority (SGM) students were at highest risk of increases in anxiety symptoms. Non-Hispanic (NH) Black, female, and SGM students were at highest risk of increases in depression symptoms. General difficulties associated with distanced learning and social isolation contributed to the increases in both depression and anxiety symptoms. However, work reductions as well as Covid-19 diagnosis and hospitalization of oneself, family members or friends were not associated with increases in depression or anxiety symptoms. Conclusion Colleges may be able to reduce the mental health consequences of Covid-19 by investing in resources to reduce difficulties with distance learning and reduce social isolation during the pandemic. © 2021 Fruehwirth et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. AD - Department of Economics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Fruehwirth, J. C. AU - Biswas, S. AU - Perreira, K. M. C2 - 33667243 C7 - e0247999 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0247999 IS - 3 March 2021 J2 - PLoS ONE KW - adolescent adult anxiety depression education epidemiology female human longitudinal study male mental health North Carolina psychology risk factor social isolation student university young adult COVID-19 Education, Distance Humans Longitudinal Studies Physical Distancing Risk Factors Students Universities LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: POLNC Correspondence Address: Fruehwirth, J.C.; Department of Economics, United States; email: jane_fruehwirth@unc.edu Funding details: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NICHD Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding text 1: Funding:Thisresearchwassupportedbythe CarolinaPopulationCenteranditsNational InstitutesofHealth(NIH)/NationalInstituteofChild HealthandHumanDevelopment(NICHD)Grant AwardNumberP2CHD50924(JF),theIntegrating SpecialPopulations/NorthCarolinaTranslational andClinicalSciencesInstitutethroughGrantAward NumberILITR002489(KP).Wealsothankthe EconomicsdepartmentandOfficeof UndergraduateResearchatUNC-ChapelHillfor funding(JF).Thecontentissolelythe responsibilityoftheauthorsanddoesnot necessarilyrepresenttheofficialviewsoftheNIH orthefunders.Thefundershadnoroleinstudy design,datacollectionandanalysis,decisionto publish,orpreparationofthemanuscript. References: Butrymowicz, S, D'Amato, P., Analysis finds hundreds of colleges show serious financial warning signs [Internet], , https://hechingerreport.org/analysis-hundreds-of-colleges-and-universities-show-financial-warning-signs/, The Hechinger Report. 2020 [cited 2020 Sep 7]; Lederman, D., How professors changed their teaching in this spring's shift to remote learning | Inside Higher Ed, , https://www.insidehighered.com/digitallearning/article/2020/04/22/how-professors-changed-their-teaching-springs-shift-remote, 2020 Apr 22 [cited 2020 Nov 30]; Huckins, JF, DaSilva, AW, Wang, W, Hedlund, E, Rogers, C, Nepal, SK, Mental Health and Behavior of College Students During the Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (6), p. e20185. , https://doi.org/10.2196/20185, PMID: 32519963; Marsicano, C, Felten, K, Toledo, L, Buitendorp, M., Tracking Campus Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020) Am Polit Sci Assoc Prepr, , https://preprints.apsanet.org/engage/apsa/article-details/5ea72f8fbe9a920012537e66, [Internet]. Apr 28 [cited 2020 Sep 7]; Twenge, JM, Cooper, AB, Joiner, TE, Duffy, ME, Binau, SG., Age, period, and cohort trends in mood disorder indicators and suicide-related outcomes in a nationally representative dataset, 2005-2017 (2019) J Abnorm Psychol, 128 (3), pp. 185-199. , https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000410, Apr; PMID: 30869927; Lipson, SK, Lattie, EG, Eisenberg, D., Increased Rates of Mental Health Service Utilization by U.S. College Students: 10-Year Population-Level Trends (2007-2017) (2018) Psychiatr Serv, 70 (1), pp. 60-63. , https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800332, Nov 5; PMID: 30394183; LeViness, P, Bershad, C, Gorman, K, Braun, L, Murray, T., (2018) The Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors Annual Survey-Public Version 2018, p. 73; Eisenberg, D, Golberstein, E, Hunt, J., Mental Health and Academic Success in College (2009) BE J Econ Anal Policy, 9, pp. 40-40. , Jan 15; Fletcher, J., Adolescent Depression and Adult Labor Market Outcomes (2013) South Econ J, 80 (1), pp. 26-49. , Jul 1; Lépine, J-P, Briley, M., The increasing burden of depression (2011) Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 7, pp. 3-7. , https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S19617, (Suppl 1): PMID: 21750622; Williams, PG, Holmbeck, GN, Greenley, RN., Adolescent Health Psychology (2002) J Consult Clin Psychol, 70 (3), pp. 828-842. , PMID: 12090386; Cleary, M, Walter, G, Jackson, D., “Not Always Smooth Sailing”: Mental Health Issues Associated with the Transition from High School to College (2011) Issues Ment Health Nurs, 32 (4), pp. 250-254. , https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2010.548906, Mar 2; PMID: 21355760; Geller, LL, Greenberg, M., Managing the Transition Process From High School to College and Beyond: Challenges for Individuals, Families, and Society (2009) Soc Work Ment Health, 8 (1), pp. 92-116. , Dec 11; Mckenzie, SK, Imlach Gunasekara, F, Richardson, K, Carter, K., Do changes in socioeconomic factors lead to changes in mental health? Findings from three waves of a population based panel study (2014) J Epidemiol Community Health, 68 (3), pp. 253-260. , https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-203013, Mar; PMID: 24243999; Kumaraswamy, N., Academic stress, anxiety and depression among college students: A brief review (2013) Int Rev Soc Sci Humanit, 5 (1), pp. 135-143; Matthews, T, Danese, A, Wertz, J, Odgers, CL, Ambler, A, Moffitt, TE, Social isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis (2016) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 51 (3), pp. 339-348. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1178-7, Mar 1; PMID: 26843197; (2020) The Impact of Covid-19 on College Student Well-Being, , https://healthymindsnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Healthy_Minds_NCHA_COVID_Survey_Report_FINAL.pdf, Healthy-Minds-Network, ACHA-NCHA. [Internet]. [cited 2020 Aug 4]; Survey of College Student Mental Health in 2020 [Internet], , https://www.jedfoundation.org/survey-of-collegestudent-mental-health-in-2020/, The JED Foundation. The Jed Foundation (JED). 2020 [cited 2020 Nov 25]; Wang, X, Hegde, S, Son, C, Keller, B, Smith, A, Sasangohar, F., Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (9), p. e22817. , https://doi.org/10.2196/22817, PMID: 32897868; Son, C, Hegde, S, Smith, A, Wang, X, Sasangohar, F., Effects of COVID-19 on College Students' Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (9). , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7473764/https://doi.org/10.2196/21279, [Internet]. Sep 3 [cited 2020 Nov 24]; PMID: 32805704; Chi, X, Becker, B, Yu, Q, Willeit, P, Jiao, C, Huang, L, Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Mental Health Outcomes Among Chinese College Students During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic (2020) Front Psychiatry, 11. , https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00803/full, [Internet]. [cited 2020 Dec 17]; PMID: 32848958; Husky, MM, Kovess-Masfety, V, Swendsen, JD., Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid-19 mandatory confinement (2020) Compr Psychiatry, 102, p. 152191. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191, Oct 1; PMID: 32688023; Gonzales, G, Loret de Mola, E, Gavulic, KA, McKay, T, Purcell, C., Mental Health Needs Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020) J Adolesc Health, 67 (5), pp. 645-648. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.08.006, Nov 1; PMID: 32933837; Kecojevic, A, Basch, CH, Sullivan, M, Davi, NK., The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on mental health of undergraduate students in New Jersey, cross-sectional study (2020) PLOS ONE, 15 (9), p. e0239696. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239696, Sep 30; PMID: 32997683; Chirikov, I, Soria, KM, Horgos, B, Jones-White, D., (2020) Undergraduate and Graduate Students' Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80k5d5hw#main, Aug 17 [cited 2020 Nov 25]; Pramukti, I, Strong, C, Sitthimongkol, Y, Setiawan, A, Pandin, MGR, Yen, C-F, Anxiety and Suicidal Thoughts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Country Comparative Study Among Indonesian, Taiwanese, and Thai University Students (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (12), p. e24487. , https://doi.org/10.2196/24487, PMID: 33296867; Cao, W, Fang, Z, Hou, G, Han, M, Xu, X, Dong, J, The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China (2020) Psychiatry Res, 287, p. 112934. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934, May 1; PMID: 32229390; Liu, X, Liu, J, Zhong, X., Psychological State of College Students During COVID-19 Epidemic, , https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3552814, [Internet]. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network; 2020 Mar [cited 2020 Jun 15]. Report No.: ID 3552814; Akdeniz, G, Kavakci, M, Gozugok, M, Yalcinkaya, S, Kucukay, A, Sahutogullari, B., A Survey of Attitudes, Anxiety Status, and Protective Behaviors of the University Students During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Turkey (2020) Front Psychiatry, 11. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7373786/, [Internet]. Jul 15 [cited 2021 Feb 3]; Nathiya, D, Singh, P, Suman, S, Raj, P, Tomar, BS., Mental health problems and impact on youth minds during the COVID-19 outbreak: Cross-sectional (RED-COVID) survey (2020) Soc Health Behav, 3 (3), p. 83. , Jul 1; Zimmermann, M, Bledsoe, C, Papa, A., The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on College Student Mental Health: A Longitudinal Examination of Risk and Protective Factors, , https://psyarxiv.com/2y7hu/, [Internet]. PsyArXiv; 2020 Jun [cited 2020 Dec 10]; Copeland, WE, McGinnis, E, Bai, Y, Adams, Z, Nardone, H, Devadanam, V, Impact of COVID on College Student Mental Health and Wellness (2020) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856720319882, [Internet]. Oct 19 [cited 2020 Dec 17]; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.08.466 PMID: 33091568; Nulty, DD., The adequacy of response rates to online and paper surveys: what can be done? (2008) Assess Eval High Educ, 33 (3), pp. 301-314. , Jun 1; COVID-19 North Carolina Dashboard, , https://covid19.ncdhhs.gov/dashboard, NC DHHS COVID-19: [Internet]. [cited 2020 Dec 18]; Kroenke, K, Strine, TW, Spitzer, RL, Williams, JBW, Berry, JT, Mokdad, AH., The PHQ-8 as a measure of current depression in the general population (2009) J Affect Disord, 114 (1), pp. 163-173. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.026, Apr 1; PMID: 18752852; Spitzer, RL, Kroenke, K, Williams, JBW, Löwe, B., A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7 (2006) Arch Intern Med, 166 (10), pp. 1092-1097. , https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092, May 22; PMID: 16717171; Hahn, EA, DeWalt, DA, Bode, RK, Garcia, SF, DeVellis, RF, Correia, H, New English and Spanish social health measures will facilitate evaluating health determinants (2014) Health Psychol, 33 (5), pp. 490-499. , https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000055, May; PMID: 24447188; Smith, BW, Dalen, J, Wiggins, K, Tooley, E, Christopher, P, Bernard, J., The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back (2008) Int J Behav Med, 15 (3), pp. 194-200. , https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972, Sep 1; PMID: 18696313; Sinclair, VG, Wallston, KA., The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (2004) Assessment, 11 (1), pp. 94-101. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191103258144, Mar; PMID: 14994958; Zimet, GD, Dahlem, NW, Zimet, SG, Farley, GK., The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (1988) J Pers Assess, 52 (1), pp. 30-41. , Mar; (2020) 2018-2019 Annual Report, , https://facultygov.unc.edu/files/2020/02/Advisory-Committee-on-UndergraduateAdmissions-for-Feb2020-FC.pdf, Advisory Committee on Undergraduate Admissions. [Internet]; Norton, EC, Dowd, BE., Log Odds and the Interpretation of Logit Models (2018) Health Serv Res, 53 (2), pp. 859-878. , https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.12712, Apr; PMID: 28560732; Mood, C., Logistic Regression: Why We Cannot Do What We Think We Can Do, and What We Can Do About It (2010) Eur Sociol Rev, 26 (1), pp. 67-82. , Feb; Hefner, J, Eisenberg, D., Social Support and Mental Health Among College Students (2009) Am J Orthopsychiatry, 79 (4), pp. 491-499. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016918, PMID: 20099940; Dreyer, BP, Trent, M, Anderson, AT, Askew, GL, Boyd, R, Coker, TR, The Death of George Floyd: Bending the Arc of History Toward Justice for Generations of Children (2020) Pediatrics, 146 (3). , https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/146/3/e2020009639, [Internet]. Sep 1 [cited 2020 Oct 2]; Farmer, PE, Nizeye, B, Stulac, S, Keshavjee, S., Structural Violence and Clinical Medicine (2006) PLoS Med, 3 (10). , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1621099/https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0030449, [Internet]. Oct [cited 2020 Dec 1]; PMID: 17076568; Barbot, O., George Floyd and Our Collective Moral Injury (2020) Am J Public Health, 110 (9), pp. 1253-1253. , https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305850, Jul 2; PMID: 32614647; Hollander, JE, Carr, BG., Virtually Perfect? Telemedicine for Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (18), pp. 1679-1681. , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2003539, Apr 30; PMID: 32160451 PY - 2021 SN - 19326203 (ISSN) ST - The Covid-19 pandemic and mental health of first-year college students: Examining the effect of Covid-19 stressors using longitudinal data T2 - PLoS ONE TI - The Covid-19 pandemic and mental health of first-year college students: Examining the effect of Covid-19 stressors using longitudinal data UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102549581&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0247999&partnerID=40&md5=b910fc0021d7924a2298a39a8a060eb9 VL - 16 ID - 72 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The recurrent zoonotic spillover of coronaviruses (CoVs) into the human population underscores the need for broadly active countermeasures. We employed a directed evolution approach to engineer three severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies for enhanced neutralization breadth and potency. One of the affinity-matured variants, ADG-2, displays strong binding activity to a large panel of sarbecovirus receptor binding domains and neutralizes representative epidemic sarbecoviruses with high potency. Structural and biochemical studies demonstrate that ADG-2 employs a distinct angle of approach to recognize a highly conserved epitope that overlaps the receptor binding site. In immunocompetent mouse models of SARS and COVID-19, prophylactic administration of ADG-2 provided complete protection against respiratory burden, viral replication in the lungs, and lung pathology. Altogether, ADG-2 represents a promising broad-spectrum therapeutic candidate against clade 1 sarbecoviruses. © 2021 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. AD - Adimab, LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, San diego, CA 92037, United States Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, United States Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, San diego, CA 92037, United States Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, San diego, CA 92037, United States Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, United States AU - Garrett Rappazzo, C. AU - Tse, L. V. AU - Kaku, C. I. AU - Wrapp, D. AU - Sakharkar, M. AU - Huang, D. AU - Deveau, L. M. AU - Yockachonis, T. J. AU - Herbert, A. S. AU - Battles, M. B. AU - O’Brien, C. M. AU - Brown, M. E. AU - Geoghegan, J. C. AU - Belk, J. AU - Peng, L. AU - Yang, L. AU - Hou, Y. AU - Scobey, T. D. AU - Burton, D. R. AU - Nemazee, D. AU - Dye, J. M. AU - Voss, J. E. AU - Gunn, B. M. AU - McLellan, J. S. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Walker, L. M. C2 - 33495307 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/science.abf4830 IS - 6531 J2 - Sci. KW - antibody biochemistry bioengineering chemical binding COVID-19 epidemic neutralization pathology severe acute respiratory syndrome virus SARS coronavirus ACE2 protein, human coronavirus spike glycoprotein epitope immunoglobulin Fc fragment monoclonal antibody spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody animal antibody affinity antibody combining site Bagg albino mouse Betacoronavirus binding site cell surface display directed molecular evolution genetics human immunology metabolism passive immunization prevention and control protein domain protein engineering Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Animals Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Viral Binding Sites Binding Sites, Antibody Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Cell Surface Display Techniques Epitopes Humans Immunization, Passive Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments Mice, Inbred BALB C Protein Domains Receptors, Coronavirus SARS Virus SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :9 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SCIEA Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: rbaric@email.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Gralinski, L.E.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: lgralins@email.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Walker, L.M.; Adimab, United States; email: laura.walker@adimab.com Chemicals/CAS: ACE2 protein, human; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Viral; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies; Epitopes; Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; Receptors, Coronavirus; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, R01-AI073148, R01-AI12751, R01-AI132317, RO1-AI132178, U54 CA260543 Funding details: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, BMGF, 5U19AI142777, OPP 1183956 Funding text 1: Funding: This work was funded in part by National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) grants awarded to J.S.M. (R01-AI12751), D.N. (R01-AI132317 and R01-AI073148), and R.S.B. (RO1-AI132178 and U54 CA260543). J.E.V. was also supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP 1183956). B.M.G. and J.M.D. were supported by NIH/NIAID grant 5U19AI142777. References: Oude Munnink, B. B., (2021) Science, 371, pp. 172-177; Cui, J., Li, F., Shi, Z. L., (2019) Nat. Rev. Microbiol, 17, pp. 181-192; Wec, A. Z., (2020) Science, 369, pp. 731-736; Pinto, D., (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 290-295; Wang, C., (2020) Nat. Commun, 11, p. 2251; Liu, H., (2020) Immunity, 53, pp. 1272-1280. , e5; Parren, P. W., Burton, D. R., (2001) Adv. Immunol, 77, pp. 195-262; Wec, A. Z., (2019) Cell Host Microbe, 25, pp. 39-48. , e5; Feldhaus, M. J., (2003) Nat. Biotechnol, 21, pp. 163-170; Wrapp, D., (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1260-1263; Hansen, J., (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1010-1014; Shi, R., (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 120-124; Giroglou, T., (2004) J. Virol, 78, pp. 9007-9015; Sievers, S. A., Scharf, L., West, A. P., Bjorkman, P. J., (2015) Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS, 10, pp. 151-159; Shehata, L., (2019) Cell Rep, 28, pp. 3300-3308. , e4; Menachery, V. D., (2016) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 113, pp. 3048-3053; Menachery, V. D., (2015) Nat. Med, 21, pp. 1508-1513; Jones, B. E., bioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.30.318972, 2020.09.30.318972 [Preprint]. 9 October 2020; Korber, B., (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 812-827. , e19; Starr, T. N., (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 1295-1310. , e20; Letko, M., Marzi, A., Munster, V., (2020) Nat. Microbiol, 5, pp. 562-569; Robbiani, D. F., (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 437-442; Weisblum, Y., (2020) eLife, 9, p. e61312; Greaney, A. J., (2021) Cell Host Microbe, 29, pp. 44-57. , e9; Shu, Y., McCauley, J., (2017) Euro Surveill, 22, p. 30494; Baum, A., (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1014-1018; Leung, K., Shum, M. H. H., Leung, G. M., Lam, T. T. Y., Wu, J. T., medRxiv 2020.12.20.20248581 [Preprint], , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.20.20248581, 23 December 2020; Yuan, M., (2020) Science, 368, pp. 630-633; Lan, J., (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 215-220; Barnes, C. O., (2020) Nature, 588, pp. 682-687; Gunn, B. M., (2018) Cell Host Microbe, 24, pp. 221-233. , e5; Roberts, A., (2007) PLOS Pathog, 3, p. e5; Leist, S. R., (2020) Cell, 183, pp. 1070-1085. , e12; Renn, A., Fu, Y., Hu, X., Hall, M. D., Simeonov, A., (2020) Trends Pharmacol. Sci, 41, pp. 815-829 PY - 2021 SN - 00368075 (ISSN) SP - 823-829 ST - Broad and potent activity against SARS-like viruses by an engineered human monoclonal antibody T2 - Science TI - Broad and potent activity against SARS-like viruses by an engineered human monoclonal antibody UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101189212&doi=10.1126%2fscience.abf4830&partnerID=40&md5=d1b90e70c6327fcefa6dd4f3dac7c981 VL - 371 ID - 107 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis, yet certain countries have had far more success in limiting COVID-19 cases and deaths. We suggest that collective threats require a tremendous amount of coordination, and that strict adherence to social norms is a key mechanism that enables groups to do so. Here we examine how the strength of social norms—or cultural tightness–looseness—was associated with countries' success in limiting cases and deaths by October, 2020. We expected that tight cultures, which have strict norms and punishments for deviance, would have fewer cases and deaths per million as compared with loose cultures, which have weaker norms and are more permissive. Methods: We estimated the relationship between cultural tightness–looseness and COVID-19 case and mortality rates as of Oct 16, 2020, using ordinary least squares regression. We fit a series of stepwise models to capture whether cultural tightness–looseness explained variation in case and death rates controlling for under-reporting, demographics, geopolitical factors, other cultural dimensions, and climate. Findings: The results indicated that, compared with nations with high levels of cultural tightness, nations with high levels of cultural looseness are estimated to have had 4·99 times the number of cases (7132 per million vs 1428 per million, respectively) and 8·71 times the number of deaths (183 per million vs 21 per million, respectively), taking into account a number of controls. A formal evolutionary game theoretic model suggested that tight groups cooperate much faster under threat and have higher survival rates than loose groups. The results suggest that tightening social norms might confer an evolutionary advantage in times of collective threat. Interpretation: Nations that are tight and abide by strict norms have had more success than those that are looser as of the October, 2020. New interventions are needed to help countries tighten social norms as they continue to battle COVID-19 and other collective threats. Funding: Office of Naval Research, US Navy. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license AD - Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States Department of Computer Science and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Al Mustakilla Research Group, Amman, Jordan Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Institute for Brain and Behavior, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands Faculty of Social Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong Warrington College of Business, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States AU - Gelfand, M. J. AU - Jackson, J. C. AU - Pan, X. AU - Nau, D. AU - Pieper, D. AU - Denison, E. AU - Dagher, M. AU - Van Lange, P. A. M. AU - Chiu, C. Y. AU - Wang, M. C2 - 33524310 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30301-6 IS - 3 J2 - Lancet Planet. Health KW - Article case fatality rate controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 correlation analysis cultural factor demography evolutionary homology funding geographic distribution global health health care policy human incidence leadership lockdown major clinical study mortality rate population density population dynamics population size social distancing social norm survival rate comparative study ethnology mortality prevention and control COVID-19 Humans Social Norms LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :5 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Gelfand, M.J.; Department of Psychology, United States; email: mgelfand@umd.edu Correspondence Address: Wang, M.; Warrington College of Business, United States; email: mo.wang@warrington.ufl.edu Funding details: Office of Naval Research, ONR, N000141912407 Funding text 1: This research was funded in part by Office of Naval Research grant N000141912407 (MJG). The information in this Article does not imply or constitute an endorsement of the views therein by the Office of Naval Research, US Navy, or Department of Defense. References: Cialdini, R.B., Trost, M.R., Social influence: social norms, conformity and compliance (1998) The handbook of social psychology, pp. 151-192. , DT Gilbert ST Fiske G Lindzey McGraw-Hill New York, NY; Gelfand, M.J., Raver, J.L., Nishii, L., Differences between tight and loose cultures: a 33-nation study (2011) Science, 332, pp. 1100-1104; Gelfand, M.J., Rule makers, rule breakers: how tight and loose cultures wire our world (2018), Scribner New York; Harrington, J.R., Gelfand, M.J., Tightness–looseness across the 50 United States (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 111, pp. 7990-7995; Jackson, J.C., Gelfand, M., Ember, C.R., A global analysis of cultural tightness in non-industrial societies (2020) Proc Biol Sci, 287; Roos, P., Gelfand, M., Nau, D., Lun, J., Societal threat and cultural variation in the strength of social norms: an evolutionary basis (2015) Organ Behav Hum Decis Process, 129, pp. 14-23; Eriksson, K., Strimling, P., Gelfand, M.J., Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies. Nat Commun (in press); Flaxman, S., Mishra, S., Gandy, A., Report 13: estimating the number of infections and the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 in 11 European countries (2020), https://spiral.imperial.ac.uk:8443/bitstream/10044/1/77731/10/2020-03-30-COVID19-Report-13.pdf, Imperial College London (Accessed 25 April 2020); Humanity tested (2020) Nat Biomed Eng, 4, pp. 355-356; Onder, G., Rezza, G., Brusaferro, S., Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1775-1776; Russel, T., Hellewell, J., Abbot, S., Using a delay-adjusted case fatality ratio to estimate under-reporting. CMMID Repository (2020), https://cmmid.github.io/topics/covid19/global_cfr_estimates.html, (Accessed 25 August 2020); Hofstede, G., Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values (1984), 5. , Sage Newbury Park, CA; Berg, M.K., Yu, Q., Salvador, C.E., Melani, I., Kitayama, S., Mandated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination predicts flattened curves for the spread of COVID-19 (2020) Sci Adv, 6; Prentice, D.A., Miller, D.T., Pluralistic ignorance and alcohol use on campus: some consequences of misperceiving the social norm (1993) J Pers Soc Psychol, 64, pp. 243-256; Farrow, K., Grolleau, G., Ibanez, L., Social norms and pro-environmental behavior: a review of the evidence (2017) Ecol Econ, 140, pp. 1-13; Van Lange, P.A.M., Joireman, J., Milinski, M., Climate change: what psychology can offer in terms of insights and solutions (2018) Curr Dir Psychol Sci, 27, pp. 269-274; Rogers, T., Goldstein, N.J., Fox, C.R., Social Mobilization (2018) Annu Rev Psychol, 69, pp. 357-381; Perkins, H.W., Linkenbach, J.W., Lewis, M.A., Neighbors, C., Effectiveness of social norms media marketing in reducing drinking and driving: a statewide campaign (2010) Addict Behav, 35, pp. 866-874; Allcott, H., Rogers, T., The short-run and long-run effects of behavioral interventions: experimental evidence from energy conservation (2014) Am Econ Rev, 104, pp. 3003-3037; Goldstein, N.J., Cialdini, R.B., Griskevicius, V., A room with a viewpoint: using social norms to motivate environmental conservation in hotels (2008) J Consum Res, 35, pp. 472-482; Hallsworth, M., List, J.A., Metcalfe, R.D., Vlaev, I., The behavioralist as tax collector: using natural field experiments to enhance tax compliance (2017) J Public Econ, 148, pp. 14-31; Paluck, E.L., Reducing intergroup prejudice and conflict using the media: a field experiment in Rwanda (2009) J Pers Soc Psychol, 96, pp. 574-587; Paluck, E.L., Shepherd, H., Aronow, P.M., Changing climates of conflict: a social network experiment in 56 schools (2016) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 113, pp. 566-571; Matias, J.N., Preventing harassment and increasing group participation through social norms in 2,190 online science discussions (2019) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 116, pp. 9785-9789; Young, E., How Iceland got teens to say no to drugs. The Atlantic (2017), https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/01/teens-drugs-iceland/513668/, (Accessed 22 October 2020); Van Bavel, J.J., Baicker, K., Boggio, P.S., Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response (2020) Nat Hum Behav, 4, pp. 460-471; Li, R., Normative social influence across cultures: the impact of injunctive and descriptive social norms in message-based persuasion (2019), https://drum.lib.umd.edu/handle/1903/24963, University of Maryland (Accessed 22 October 2020); Bruneau, E., Kteily, N., Falk, E., Interventions highlighting hypocrisy reduce collective blame of Muslims for individual acts of violence and assuage anti-Muslim hostility (2018) Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 44, pp. 430-448 PY - 2021 SN - 25425196 (ISSN) SP - e135-e144 ST - The relationship between cultural tightness–looseness and COVID-19 cases and deaths: a global analysis T2 - The Lancet Planetary Health TI - The relationship between cultural tightness–looseness and COVID-19 cases and deaths: a global analysis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100643040&doi=10.1016%2fS2542-5196%2820%2930301-6&partnerID=40&md5=82a4fd3098089e3e2b9dfd0295ada415 VL - 5 ID - 86 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Communication is vital in healthcare to facilitate the best patient care at all times. During the COVID-19 pandemic, communication has become increasingly crucial, including devising innovative, novel, and effective ways to exchange information in graduate medical education, multidisciplinary teams, and patient care, all which affect our learners. This article will provide a comprehensive review of generational characteristics, including communication preferences. Effective communication strategies and communication challenges with learners (millennial generation) will be discussed in detail. © 2020 Elsevier Inc. AD - Cooper University Hospital, Vice Chair of Research and Education, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Camden, NJ, United States University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, United States Department of Radiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States AU - Germaine, P. AU - Catanzano, T. AU - Patel, A. AU - Mohan, A. AU - Patel, K. AU - Pryluck, D. AU - Cooke, E. C2 - 33257097 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.10.009 IS - 3 J2 - Curr. Probl. Diagn. Radiol. KW - Article coronavirus disease 2019 health program human information dissemination medical education medical information online system pandemic patient care social distancing social support interpersonal communication prevention and control procedures Communication COVID-19 Education, Medical, Graduate Humans Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CPDRD Correspondence Address: Catanzano, T.759 Chestnut Street, United States; email: Tara.Catanzano@baystatehealth.org References: Donnelly, L.F., Strife, J.L., Establishing a program to promote professionalism and effective communication in radiology (2006) Radiology, 238, pp. 773-779; Sinek, S., (2011) Start with why [electronic resource]: how great leaders inspire everyone to take action, , Accessed May 21, 2020; (2020), @harvardbiz. Finding the right words in a crisis. 2020. Accessed 21 May; Hendricks, J.M., Cope, V.C., Generational diversity: what nurse managers need to know (2013) J. Adv. Nurs., 69, pp. 717-725; Myers, K.K., Sadaghiani, K., Millennials in the workplace: a communication perspective on millennials’ organizational relationships and performance. In: J Bus Psychol. Vol 25.2010:225-38; Hills, L., Being part of a multi-generational medical practice team (2010) J Med Pract Manage, 26, pp. 94-98; Slanetz, P.J., Perry, H., Kudla, A., Building trust in radiology practice (2020) J Am Coll Radiol., 17, pp. 296-297; Moats Kennedy, M., Can you communicate cross-generationally (1997) Physician Exec., 23, pp. 38-39; Krishnaraj, A., Pesch, A.J., (2018), Navigating generational differences in radiology. 101148/rg2018180051; Mohr, N.M., Moreno-Walton, L., Mills, A.M., Generational influences in academic emergency medicine: teaching and learning, mentoring, and technology (part I) (2011) Acad Emerg Med, 18, pp. 190-199; Moss, K., Decoding generational discourse: cracking the code to improve communication across generations (2018) Nurse Leader, 16, pp. 34-37; Christensen, S.S., Wilson, B.L., Edelman, L.S., Can I relate? a review and guide for nurse managers in leading generations (2018) J. Nurs. Manage., 26, pp. 1-7; Grossman, R.I., Disaster management (2018) Radiology., 288, pp. 2-3; McCann, R.M., Giles, H., Communication with people of different ages in the workplace: Thai and American Data - McCann - 2006 - human communication research - wiley online library (2006) Human Communication Research, 32, pp. 74-108; Burton, C.M., Mayhall, C., Cross, J., Critical elements for multigenerational teams: a systematic review (2020) Team Performance Management, 25, pp. 369-401; Ghersetti, M., Westlund, O., Habits and generational media use. 101080/1461670X20161254061. 2016;19:1039-1058UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097087158&doi=10.1067%2fj.cpradiol.2020.10.009&partnerID=40&md5=c416f3c646e8287784ed6693c289c327 PY - 2021 SN - 03630188 (ISSN) SP - 297-300 ST - Communication Strategies and Our Learners T2 - Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology TI - Communication Strategies and Our Learners VL - 50 ID - 27 ER - TY - JOUR AB - In the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, public health experts have emphasized testing, tracking infected people, and tracing their contacts as an effective strategy to reduce the spread of the virus. Several diagnostic methods are reported for detecting the coronavirus in clinical, research, and public health laboratories. Some tests detect the infection directly by detecting the viral RNA and other tests detect the infection indirectly by detecting the host antibodies. A diagnostic test during the pandemic should help make an appropriate clinical decision in a short period of time. Recently reported diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 have varying throughput, batching capacity, requirement of infrastructure setting, analytical performance, and turnaround times ranging from a few minutes to several hours. These factors should be considered while selecting a reliable and rapid diagnostic method to help make an appropriate decision and prompt public health interventions. This paper reviews recent SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods published in journals and reports released by regulatory agencies. We compared the analytical efficiency including limit of detection, sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. In addition, we also looked into ease of use, affordability, and availability of accessories. Finally, we discuss the limitations of the methods and provide our perspectives on priorities for future test development. © 2020, The Author(s). AD - Center for Analytical Sciences, Kathmandu Institute of Applied Sciences, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44618, Nepal AU - Giri, B. AU - Pandey, S. AU - Shrestha, R. AU - Pokharel, K. AU - Ligler, F. S. AU - Neupane, B. B. C2 - 32944809 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s00216-020-02889-x IS - 1 J2 - Anal. Bioanal. Chem. KW - Coronavirus COVID-19 Disease diagnosis Immunoassays RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 Clinical research Public health Turnaround time Viruses Analytical performance Clinical decision Detection methods Diagnostic methods Health interventions Limit of detection Public health experts Regulatory agencies Diseases virus antibody virus RNA diagnosis epidemiology genetics human immunology isolation and purification pandemic sensitivity and specificity virology Antibodies, Viral Humans Pandemics RNA, Viral LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :8 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ABCNB Correspondence Address: Ligler, F.S.; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States; email: fsligler@ncsu.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Viral; RNA, Viral Funding details: United States Agency for International Development, USAID, AID-OAA-A-11-00012 Funding details: National Academy of Sciences, NAS Funding details: North Carolina State University, NCSU Funding text 1: Funding for RS, SP, and KP was provided by the National Academy of Sciences and USAID through partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research (PEER) (AID-OAA-A-11-00012). FSL is supported by the Ross M. Lampe Chair and North Carolina State University. References: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Reports, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports; Gorbalenya, A.E., Baker, S.C., Baric, R.S., de Groot, R.J., Drosten, C., Gulyaeva, A.A., The species severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: Classifying 2019-NCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat Microbiol, 5, pp. 536-544; Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., Chen, Y.-M., Wang, W., Song, Z.-G., Hu, Y., Pei, Y.-Y., A new coronavirus associated with human respiratory disease in China (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 265-269. , PID: 32015508; Lu, R., Zhao, X., Li, J., Niu, P., Yang, B., Wu, H., Wang, W., Zhu, N., Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 565-574. , PID: 32007145; Zhou, P., Yang, X.-L., Wang, X.-G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H.-R., Huang, C.-L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273. , PID: 7095418; Lam, T.T.-Y., Shum, M.H.-H., Zhu, H.-C., Tong, Y.-G., Ni, X.-B., Liao, Y.-S., Wei, W., Li, F., Identifying SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in Malayan pangolins (2020) Nature., 579, pp. 1-6; Cheng, M.P., Papenburg, J., Desjardins, M., Kanjilal, S., Quach, C., Libman, M., Diagnostic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus-2: A narrative review (2020) Ann Intern Med, , https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1301; Corman, V.M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D.K., Bleicker, T., Schmidt, M.L., Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-NCoV] by real-time RT-PCR (2020) Eurosurveillance, 25, p. 2000045; Vogels, C.B.F., Brito, A.F., Wyllie, A.L., Analytical sensitivity and efficiency comparisons of SARS-This pre-print paper has now been published in a peer review journal. Please replace with following: CoV-2 RT–qPCR primer–probe sets (2020) Nat Microbiol, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-020-0761-6; Broughton, J.P., Deng, X., Yu, G., Fasching, C.L., Servellita, V., Singh, J., CRISPR–Cas12-based detection of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Nat Biotechnol, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-020-0513-4; Hou, T., Zeng, W., Yang, M., Chen, W., Ren, L., Ai, J., Development and evaluation of a CRISPR-based diagnostic for 2019-novel coronavirus (2020) Medrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.22.20025460; Joung, J., Ladha, A., Saito, M., Segel, M., Bruneau, R., Meei-Li, W.H., Point-of-care testing for COVID-19 using SHERLOCK diagnostics (2020) Medrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.04.20091231; Carter, L.J., Garner, L.V., Smoot, J.W., Li, Y., Zhou, Q., Saveson, C.J., Sasso, J.M., Beskid, T.R., Assay techniques and test development for COVID-19 diagnosis (2020) ACS Cent Sci, 6, pp. 591-605; Green, K., Graziadio, S., Turner, P., Fanshawe, T., Allen, J., Molecular and antibody point-of-care tests to support the screening, diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 (2020) Oxford COVID-19 Evidence Service, , https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/molecular-and-antibody-point-of-care-tests-to-support-the-screening-diagnosis-and-monitoring-of-covid-19; Xue, G., Li, S., Zhang, W., Du, B., Cui, J., Yan, C., A reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification assay for rapid detection of the 2019 novel coronavirus [SARS-CoV-2] (2020) Anal Chem, , https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01032; Ai, T., Yang, Z., Hou, H., Zhan, C., Chen, C., Lv, W., Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] in China: A report of 1014 cases (2020) Radiology, , https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200642; Udugama, B., Kadhiresan, P., Kozlowski, H.N., Malekjahani, A., Osborne, M., Li, V.Y., Chen, H., Chan, W.C., Diagnosing COVID-19: the disease and tools for detection (2020) ACS Nano, 14, pp. 3822-3835; Qiu, G., Gai, Z., Tao, Y., Schmitt, J., Kullak-Ublick, G.A., Wang, J., Dual-functional plasmonic photothermal biosensors for highly accurate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detection (2020) ACS Nano, 14, pp. 5268-5277. , PID: 32281785; Seo, G., Lee, G., Kim, M.J., Baek, S.-H., Choi, M., Ku, K.B., Lee, C.-S., Kim, H.G., Rapid detection of COVID-19 causative virus [SARS-CoV-2] in human nasopharyngeal swab specimens using field-effect transistor-based biosensor (2020) ACS Nano, 14, pp. 5135-5142; Krüttgen, A., Cornelissen, C.G., Dreher, M., Hornef, M., Imöhl, M., Kleines, M., Comparison of four new commercial serologic assays for determination of SARS-CoV-2 IgG (2020) Lin Virol, J C. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104394; Lassaunière, R., Frische, A., Harboe, Z.B., Nielsen, A.C., Fomsgaard, A., Krogfelt, K.A., Evaluation of nine commercial SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays (2020) Medrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.09.20056325; (2020) Faqs on Emergency Use Authorizations [Euas] for Medical Devices during the COVID-19 Pandemic, , https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/emergency-situations-medical-devices/faqs-emergency-use-authorizations-euas-medical-devices-during-covid-19-pandemic, FDA, Accessed 2 July 2020; Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., Tan, W., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) JAMA., 323, pp. 1843-1844. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXps1Srurs%3D, PID: 32159775; Ahmed, W., Angel, N., Edson, J., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., O’Brien, J.W., First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community (2020) I Total Environ, Sc. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138764; Feng, W., Newbigging, A., Le, C., Pang, B., Peng, H., Cao, Y., Wu, J., Le, C., Molecular diagnosis of COVID-19: challenges and research needs (2020) Anal Chem, 92, pp. 10196-10209. , PID: 32573207; See, A., Toh, S.T., Respiratory sampling for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: an overview (2020) Head Neck, 42, pp. 1652-1656. , –,., https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26232; PHLN Guidance on laboratory testing for SARS-CoV-2 [the virus that causes COVID-19] (2020) PHLN, , https://www.health.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2020/02/phln-guidance-on-laboratory-testing-for-sars-cov-2-the-virus-that-causes-covid-19.pdf; (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19], , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/guidelines-clinical-specimens.html; Bendavid, E., Mulaney, B., Sood, N., Shah, S., Ling, E., Bromley-Dulfano, R., (2020) COVID-19 antibody seroprevalence in Santa Clara County, California, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.14.20062463; Laboratory Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19] in Suspected Human Cases: Interim Guidance, p. 2020. , https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331329?show=full; Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M., Liang, L., Huang, H., Hong, Z., Yu, J., Wu, J., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1177-1179; Wang, X., Tan, L., Wang, X., Liu, W., Lu, Y., Cheng, L., Sun, Z., Comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection in 353 patients received tests with both specimens simultaneously (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94, pp. 107-109. , PID: 32315809; Winichakoon, P., Chaiwarith, R., Liwsrisakun, C., Salee, P., Goonna, A., Limsukon, A., Negative nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs do not rule out COVID-19 (2020) J Clin Microbiol, 58 (5), pp. e00297-20; Berenger, B.M., Fonseca, K., Schneider, A.R., Hu, J., Zelyas, N., (2020) Sensitivity of nasopharyngeal, nasal and throat swab for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.05.20084889, preprint, Infectious Diseases [except HIV/AIDS]; Irving, S.A., Vandermause, M.F., Shay, D.K., Belongia, E.A., Comparison of nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs for influenza detection in adults (2012) Clin Med Res, 10, pp. 215-218. , PID: 22723469; [Anterior Nasal] Specimen Collection for Sars-Cov-2 Diagnostic Testing, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/downloads/OASH-nasal-specimen-collection-fact-sheet.pdf, [accessed May 20, 2020]; Mackay, I.M., Arden, K.E., Nitsche, A., Real-time PCR in virology (2002) Nucleic Acids Res, 30, pp. 1292-1305; Drosten, C., Seilmaier, M., Corman, V.M., Hartmann, W., Scheible, G., Sack, S., Clinical features and virological analysis of a case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (2013) Lancet Infect Dis, 13, pp. 745-751; Molecular assays to diagnose COVID-19: Summary table of available protocols (2020) World Health Organization, , https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/molecular-assays-to-diagnose-covid-19-summary-table-of-available-protocols; CDC 2019-Novel Coronavirus [2019-Ncov] Real-Time RT-PCR Diagnostic Panel, , https://www.fda.gov/media/134922/download, Accessed 2 July 2020; Su, S., Wong, G., Shi, W., Liu, J., Lai, A.C., Zhou, J., Liu, W., Gao, G.F., Epidemiology, genetic recombination, and pathogenesis of coronaviruses (2016) Trends Microbiol, 24, pp. 490-502. , PID: 27012512; Nelson, A.C., Auch, B., Schomaker, M., Gohl, D.M., Grady, P., Johnson, D., Analytical validation of a COVID-19 QRT-PCR detection assay using a 384-well format and three extraction methods (2020) Biorxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02.022186; U. Emergency use authorizations (2020) FDA, , https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/mcm-legal-regulatory-and-policy-framework/emergency-use-authorization, Accessed 2 July 2020; Chu, D.K., Pan, Y., Cheng, S.M., Hui, K.P., Krishnan, P., Liu, Y., Ng, D.Y., Wang, Q., Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus [2019-NCoV] causing an outbreak of pneumonia (2020) Clin Chem, 66, pp. 549-555. , PID: 32031583; Nalla, A.K., Casto, A.M., Huang, M.-L., Perchetti, G.A., Sampoleo, R., Shrestha, L., Comparative performance of SARS-CoV-2 detection assays using seven different primer/probe sets and one assay kit (2020) J Clin Microbiol, 58 (6), pp. e00557-20; Loeffelholz, M.J., Tang, Y.-W., Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections—the state of the art (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9, pp. 747-756. , PID: 32196430; Padhye, N.S., Reconstructed diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 894 the RT-PCR test for COVID-19 (2020) Medrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.24.20078949; Shirato, K., Nao, N., Katano, H., Takayama, I., Saito, S., Kato, F., Development of genetic diagnostic methods for novel coronavirus 2019 [NCoV-2019] in Japan (2020) Jpn J Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.061; Chan, J.-W., Yip, C.-Y., To, K.-W., Tang, T.-C., Wong, S.-Y., Leung, K.-H., Improved molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 by the novel, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-RdRp/Hel real-time reverse transcription-PCR assay validated in vitro and with clinical specimens (2020) J Clin Microbiol, 58. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00310-20; Wang, J., Cai, K., Zhang, R., He, X., Shen, X., Liu, J., A novel one-step single-tube nested quantitative real-time PCR assay for highly sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Anal Chem, , https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01884; Mei, X., Lee, H.-C., Diao, K., Huang, M., Lin, B., Liu, C., Artificial intelligence–enabled rapid diagnosis of patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nat Med, pp. 1-5. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0931-3; Behrmann, O., Bachmann, I., Spiegel, M., Schramm, M., El Wahed, A.A., Dobler, G., Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by low volume real-time single tube reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification using an exo probe with an internally linked quencher [Exo-IQ] (2020) Clin Chem, , https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa116; Baek, Y.H., Um, J., Antigua, K.J.C., Park, J.-H., Kim, Y., Oh, S., Kim, Y., Jeong, J.H., Development of a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a rapid early-detection method for novel SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9, pp. 998-1007. , PID: 32306853; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M.A., Niemeyer, D., Rothe, C., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature., 581, pp. 465-469. , PID: 32235945; Xiao, A.T., Tong, Y.X., Zhang, S., Profile of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary study from 56 COVID-19 patients (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa460; Wyllie, A.L., Fournier, J., Casanovas-Massana, A., Campbell, M., Tokuyama, M., Vijayakumar, P., Saliva is more sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 detection in COVID-19 patients than nasopharyngeal swabs (2020) Medrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.16.20067835; Gorse, G.J., Donovan, M.M., Patel, G.B., Antibodies to coronaviruses are higher in older compared with younger adults and binding antibodies are more sensitive than neutralizing antibodies in identifying coronavirus-associated illnesses (2020) J Med Virol, 92, pp. 512-517. , PID: 32073157; El-Tholoth, M., Bau, H.H., Song, J., A single and two-stage, closed-tube, molecular test for the 2019 novel coronavirus [COVID-19] at home, clinic, and points of entry (2020) Chemrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.11860137.v1; Basu, A., Zinger, T., Inglima, K., Woo, K.M., Atie, O., Yurasits, L., Aguero-Rosenfeld, M.E., Performance of Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 rapid nucleic acid amplification test in nasopharyngeal swabs transported in viral media and dry nasal swabs, in a New York City academic institution (2020) Journal of Clinical Microbiology; Cui, J., Li, F., Shi, Z.-L., Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses (2019) Nat Rev Microbiol, 17, pp. 181-192. , PID: 30531947; Benvenuto, D., Giovanetti, M., Ciccozzi, A., Spoto, S., Angeletti, S., Ciccozzi, M., The 2019-new coronavirus epidemic: evidence for virus evolution (2020) J Med Virol, 92, pp. 455-459. , PID: 31994738; Diao, B., Wen, K., Chen, J., Liu, Y., Yuan, Z., Han, C., (2020) Diagnosis of Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection by Detection of Nucleocapsid Protein, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.07.20032524, medRxiv; Chen, L., Liu, W., Zhang, Q., Xu, K., Ye, G., Wu, W., Sun, Z., Zhong, B., RNA based MNGS approach identifies a novel human coronavirus from two individual pneumonia cases in 2019 Wuhan outbreak (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9, pp. 313-319. , PID: 32020836; Ai, J.-W., Zhang, Y., Zhang, H.-C., Xu, T., Zhang, W.-H., Era of molecular diagnosis for pathogen identification of unexplained pneumonia, lessons to be learned (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9, pp. 597-600. , PID: 32174267; Chandler-Brown, D., Bueno, A.M., Atay, O., Tsao, D.S., A highly scalable and rapidly deployable RNA extraction-free COVID-19 assay by quantitative sanger sequencing (2020) Biorxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.07.029199; Zhang, F., Abudayyeh, O.O., Gootenberg, J.S., (2020) A Protocol for Detection of COVID-19 Using CRISPR Diagnostics, , https://www.broadinstitute.org/files/publications/special/COVID-19detection(updated).pdf, Accessed 2 July 2020; Nguyen, L.T., Smith, B.M., Jain, P.K., Enhancement of trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a with engineered CrRNA enables amplified nucleic acid detection (2020) Biorxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.036079; Suo, T., Liu, X., Feng, J., Guo, M., Hu, W., Dong, G., DdPCR: A more accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9, pp. 1259-1268; Dong, L., Zhou, J., Niu, C., Wang, Q., Pan, Y., Sheng, S., (2020) Highly Accurate and Sensitive Diagnostic Detection of Sars-Cov-2 by Digital PCR, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.14.20036129, medRxiv; Moitra, P., Alafeef, M., Dighe, K., Frieman, M., Pan, D., Selective naked-eye detection of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by N gene targeted antisense oligonucleotide capped plasmonic nanoparticles (2020) ACS Nano, 14, pp. 7617-7627. , PID: 32437124; Mahari, S., Roberts, A., Shahdeo, D., Gandhi, S., ECovSens-ultrasensitive novel in-house built printed circuit board based electrochemical device for rapid detection of nCovid-19 antigen, a spike protein domain 1 of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Biorxiv.; Janeway, Travers, P., Jr., Walport, M., Shlomchik, M.J., The distribution and functions of immunoglobulin isotypes (2001) Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5Th Ed: Garland Science; Li, X., Geng, M., Peng, Y., Meng, L., Lu, S., Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19 (2020) J Pharm Anal, 10, pp. 102-108; Stadlbauer, D., Amanat, F., Chromikova, V., Jiang, K., Strohmeier, S., Arunkumar, G.A., Tan, J., Kirkpatrick, E., SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in humans: a detailed protocol for a serological assay, antigen production, and test setup (2020) Curr Protoc Microbiol, 57. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXht1SltrnF, PID: 32302069; Cai, X.F., Chen, J., Long, Q.X., Deng, H.J., Liu, P., Fan, K., Li, Z.J., A Peptide-Based Magnetic Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay for Serological Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (2020) The Journal of Infectious Diseases, , https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa243; Vashist, S.K., In vitro diagnostic assays for COVID-19: recent advances and emerging trends (2020) Diagnostics, 10, p. 202; To, K.-W., Tsang, T.-Y., Leung, W.S., Tam, A.R., Wu, T.C., Lung, D.C., Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: An observational cohort study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 565-574; Lin, D., Liu, L., Zhang, M., Hu, Y., Yang, Q., Guo, J., Dai, Y., Evaluations of the serological test in the diagnosis of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infections during the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, pp. 1-7. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03978-6; Zhang, P., Gao, Q., Wang, T., Ke, Y., Mo, F., Jia, R., Evaluation of recombinant nucleocapsid and spike proteins for serological diagnosis of novel coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] (2020) Medrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.17.20036954; Zhong, L., Chuan, J., Gong, B., Shuai, P., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Y., Jiang, Z., Ma, S., Detection of serum IgM and IgG for COVID-19 diagnosis (2020) Sci China Life Sci, 63, pp. 777-780. , PID: 32270436; Scott, A., Is a Reagents Shortage Delaying European COVID-19 Testing?, , https://cen.acs.org/analytical-chemistry/diagnostics/reagents-shortage-delaying-European-COVID/98/i13; Li, Z., Yi, Y., Luo, X., Xiong, N., Liu, Y., Li, S., Development and clinical application of a rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis (2020) J Med Virol, , https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25727; Xiang, J., Yan, M., Li, H., Liu, T., Lin, C., Huang, S., Evaluation of enzyme-linked immunoassay and colloidal gold-immunochromatographic assay kit for detection of novel coronavirus [SARS-Cov-2] causing an outbreak of pneumonia [COVID-19] (2020) Medrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.27.20028787; Chen, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhai, X., Li, Y., Lin, L., Zhao, H., Bian, L., Wu, Y., Rapid and sensitive detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG using lanthanide-doped nanoparticles-based lateral flow immunoassay (2020) Anal Chem, 92, pp. 7226-7231. , PID: 32323974; Norman, M., Gilboa, T., Ogata, A.F., Maley, A.M., Cohen, L., Cai, Y., Ultra-sensitive high-resolution profiling of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for detecting early seroconversion in COVID-19 patients (2020) Medrxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.20083691; Maache, M., Komurian-Pradel, F., Rajoharison, A., Perret, M., Berland, J.-L., Pouzol, S., False-positive results in a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus [SARS-CoV] nucleocapsid-based western blot assay were rectified by the use of two subunits [S1 and S2] of spike for detection of antibody to SARS-CoV (2006) Clin Vaccine Immunol, 13, pp. 409-414; Okba, N., Müller, M.A., Li, W., Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2−Specific Antibody Responses in Coronavirus Disease Patients (2020) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26 (7), pp. 1478-1488. , (,):., https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200841; Wang, N., Li, S.-Y., Yang, X.-L., Huang, H.-M., Zhang, Y.-J., Guo, H., Luo, C.-M., Chmura, A.A., Serological evidence of bat SARS-related coronavirus infection in humans, China (2018) Virol Sin, 33, pp. 104-107. , PID: 29500691; Zhang, W., Du, R.-H., Li, B., Zheng, X.-S., Yang, X.-L., Hu, B., Wang, Y.-Y., Shi, Z.-L., Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-NCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes (2020) Emerg Microbes Infect, 9, pp. 386-389. , PID: 32065057; Advice on the Use of Point-Of-Care Immunodiagnostic Tests for COVID-19, , https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/advice-on-the-use-of-point-of-care-immunodiagnostic-tests-for-covid-19; Farnsworth, C.W., Anderson, N.W., SARS-CoV-2 serology: much hype, little data (2020) Clin Chem, , https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvaa107; Infantino, M., Damiani, A., Gobbi, F.L., Grossi, V., Lari, B., Macchia, D., Casprini, P., Bizzaro, N., Serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease: benefits, limitations and perspectives (2020) Isr Med Assoc J, 22, pp. 203-210. , PID: 32286019; Petherick, A., Developing antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1101-1102. , PID: 32247384; Giri, B., Pandey, B., Neupane, B., Ligler, F.S., Signal amplification strategies for microfluidic immunoassays (2016) TrAC Trends Anal Chem, 79, pp. 326-334; Lo, S.-J., Yang, S.-C., Yao, D.-J., Chen, J.-H., Tu, W.-C., Cheng, C.-M., Molecular-level dengue fever diagnostic devices made out of paper (2013) Lab Chip, 13, pp. 2686-2692; Yang, T., Wang, Y.-C., Shen, C.-F., Cheng, C.-M., Point-of-care RNA-based diagnostic device for COVID-19 (2020) Diagnostics, 10, p. 165; Konrad, R., Eberle, U., Dangel, A., Treis, B., Berger, A., Bengs, K., Rapid establishment of laboratory diagnostics for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Bavaria, Germany, February 2020 (2020) Euro Surveil, 25. , https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.9.2000173 PY - 2021 SN - 16182642 (ISSN) SP - 35-48 ST - Review of analytical performance of COVID-19 detection methods T2 - Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry TI - Review of analytical performance of COVID-19 detection methods UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091057379&doi=10.1007%2fs00216-020-02889-x&partnerID=40&md5=f5c7ff43098037f032908e929bb17961 VL - 413 ID - 227 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pediatrics and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States AU - Glenn, D. A. AU - Hegde, A. AU - Kotzen, E. AU - Walter, E. B. AU - Kshirsagar, A. V. AU - Falk, R. AU - Mottl, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.02.011 J2 - Kidney Intl. Rep. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Glenn, D.A.; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 7024 Burnett-Womack / CB # 7155, United States; email: dorey_glenn@med.unc.edu Funding text 1: AM has clinical trial contracts with Boehringer Ingelheim, Calliditas, Duke Clinical Research Institute, and Pfizer, and is a consultant to Bayer. AVK was a consultant for Rockwell Medical in 2020 and received royalties from Up To Date in 2020. RF reports steering committee membership with Vertex Pharmaceuticals. EBW has received funding from Pfizer and Moderna as an investigator for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccine and other vaccine clinical trials. DAG, EK, and AH have nothing to disclose. References: Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States, 2019. Published online 2019 https://www.cdc.gov/kidneydisease/pdf/2019_National-Chronic-Kidney-Disease-Fact-Sheet.pdf, (Accessed 1 December 2020); Razzaghi, H., Estimated County-Level Prevalence of selected underlying medical conditions associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19 illness — United States, 2018 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, p. 69; Polack, F.P., Thomas, S.J., Kitchin, N., Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 2603-2615; Baden, L.R., El Sahly, H.M., Essink, B., Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (2021) N Engl J Med, 384, pp. 403-416; Dooling, K., Marin, M., Wallace, M., The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ updated interim recommendation for allocation of COVID-19 vaccine — United States, December 2020 (2021) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 1657-1660; Webb Hooper, M., Nápoles, A.M., Pérez-Stable, E.J., COVID-19 and racial/ethnic disparities (2020) JAMA, 323, p. 2466; Grzegorzewska, A.E., Prophylactic vaccinations in chronic kidney disease: current status (2015) Hum Vaccines Immunother, 11, pp. 2599-2605; Krueger, K.M., Ison, M.G., Ghossein, C., Practical guide to vaccination in all stages of CKD, including patients treated by dialysis or kidney transplantation (2020) Am J Kidney Dis, 75, pp. 417-425; Prendecki, M., Clarke, C., Gleeson, S., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in kidney transplant recipients (2020) J Am Soc Nephrol, 31, p. 2753 PY - 2021 SN - 24680249 (ISSN) ST - Systematic review of safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with kidney disease T2 - Kidney International Reports TI - Systematic review of safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with kidney disease UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102456490&doi=10.1016%2fj.ekir.2021.02.011&partnerID=40&md5=f35f521b8854aa1171f272db2ba1c4c8 ID - 176 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can result in a wide range of clinical outcomes in humans. An incomplete understanding of immune correlates of protection represents a major barrier to the design of vaccines and therapeutic approaches to prevent infection or limit disease. This deficit is largely due to the lack of prospectively collected, pre-infection samples from individuals that go on to become infected with SARS-CoV-2. Here, we utilized data from genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) mice infected with SARS-CoV to determine whether baseline T cell signatures are associated with a lack of viral control and severe disease upon infection. SARS-CoV infection of CC mice results in a variety of viral load trajectories and disease outcomes. Overall, a dysregulated, pro-inflammatory signature of circulating T cells at baseline was associated with severe disease upon infection. Our study serves as proof of concept that circulating T cell signatures at baseline can predict clinical and virologic outcomes upon SARS-CoV infection. Identification of basal immune predictors in humans could allow for identification of individuals at highest risk of severe clinical and virologic outcomes upon infection, who may thus most benefit from available clinical interventions to restrict infection and disease. Copyright: © 2021 Graham et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. AD - Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Center, Galveston, TX, United States OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Wasington, United States AU - Graham, J. B. AU - Swarts, J. L. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Menachery, V. D. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Jeng, S. AU - Miller, D. R. AU - Mooney, M. A. AU - McWeeney, S. K. AU - Ferris, M. T. AU - de Villena, F. P. M. AU - Heise, M. T. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Lund, J. M. C2 - 33513210 C7 - e1009287 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1371/JOURNAL.PPAT.1009287 IS - 1 J2 - PLoS Pathog. KW - animal experiment animal model animal tissue Article CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte Collaborative Cross mouse disease control female genetic susceptibility immunogenetics mouse nonhuman phenotype regulatory T lymphocyte SARS coronavirus T lymphocyte virus load virus replication animal C57BL mouse genetics human immunology male physiology virology Animals COVID-19 Humans Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL SARS-CoV-2 T-Lymphocytes Viral Load LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Lund, J.M.; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, United States; email: jlund@fredhutch.org Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, U19AI100625 Funding text 1: Funding: Funding for this study was provided by National Institutes of Health grant U19AI100625 (RSB). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. References: Dong, E, Du, H, Gardner, L., An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (5), pp. 533-534. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1, Epub 2020/02/23. PMID: 32087114; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7159018; Grifoni, A, Weiskopf, D, Ramirez, SI, Mateus, J, Dan, JM, Moderbacher, CR, Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals (2020) Cell, 181 (7), pp. 1489-1501. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.015, e15. Epub 2020/05/31. PMID: 32473127; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7237901; Mateus, J, Grifoni, A, Tarke, A, Sidney, J, Ramirez, SI, Dan, JM, Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans (2020) Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd3871, Epub 2020/08/06. PMID: 32753554; Weiskopf, D, Schmitz, KS, Raadsen, MP, Grifoni, A, Okba, NMA, Endeman, H, Phenotype and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Sci Immunol, 5 (48). , https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.abd2071, Epub 2020/06/28. PMID: 32591408; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7319493; Wilk, AJ, Rustagi, A, Zhao, NQ, Roque, J, Martinez-Colon, GJ, McKechnie, JL, A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19 (2020) Nat Med, 26 (7), pp. 1070-1076. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0944-y, Epub 2020/06/10. PMID: 32514174; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7382903; Lucas, C, Wong, P, Klein, J, Castro, TBR, Silva, J, Sundaram, M, Longitudinal analyses reveal immunological misfiring in severe COVID-19 (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2588-y, Epub 2020/07/28. PMID: 32717743; Mathew, D, Giles, JR, Baxter, AE, Oldridge, DA, Greenplate, AR, Wu, JE, Deep immune profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals distinct immunotypes with therapeutic implications (2020) Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc8511, Epub 2020/07/17. PMID: 32669297; Qin, C, Zhou, L, Hu, Z, Zhang, S, Yang, S, Tao, Y, Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) Clin Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa248, Epub 2020/03/13. PMID: 32161940; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7108125; Blanco-Melo, D, Nilsson-Payant, BE, Liu, WC, Uhl, S, Hoagland, D, Moller, R, Imbalanced Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Drives Development of COVID-19 (2020) Cell, 181 (5), pp. 1036-1045. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.04.026, e9. Epub 2020/05/18. PMID: 32416070; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7227586; Sariol, A, Perlman, S., Lessons for COVID-19 Immunity from Other Coronavirus Infections (2020) Immunity, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.005, Epub 2020/07/28. PMID: 32717182; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7359787; Zhao, J, Alshukairi, AN, Baharoon, SA, Ahmed, WA, Bokhari, AA, Nehdi, AM, Recovery from the Middle East respiratory syndrome is associated with antibody and T-cell responses (2017) Sci Immunol, 2 (14). , https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aan5393, Epub 2017/08/06. PMID: 28778905; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5576145; Zhao, J, Zhao, J, Mangalam, AK, Channappanavar, R, Fett, C, Meyerholz, DK, Airway Memory CD4 (+) T Cells Mediate Protective Immunity against Emerging Respiratory Coronaviruses (2016) Immunity, 44 (6), pp. 1379-1391. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.006, Epub 2016/06/12. PMID: 27287409; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4917442; Churchill, GA, Airey, DC, Allayee, H, Angel, JM, Attie, AD, Beatty, J, The Collaborative Cross, a community resource for the genetic analysis of complex traits (2004) Nat Genet, 36 (11), pp. 1133-1137. , https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1104-1133, PMID: 15514660; Collaborative Cross, C., The genome architecture of the Collaborative Cross mouse genetic reference population (2012) Genetics, 190 (2), pp. 389-401. , https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.111.132639, PMID: 22345608; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3276630; Keane, TM, Goodstadt, L, Danecek, P, White, MA, Wong, K, Yalcin, B, Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation (2011) Nature, 477 (7364), pp. 289-294. , https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10413, PMID: 21921910; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3276836; Roberts, A, Pardo-Manuel de Villena, F, Wang, W, McMillan, L, Threadgill, DW., The polymorphism architecture of mouse genetic resources elucidated using genome-wide resequencing data: implications for QTL discovery and systems genetics (2007) Mamm Genome, 18 (6–7), pp. 473-481. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-007-9045-1, PMID: 17674098; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1998888; Graham, JB, Swarts, JL, Wilkins, C, Thomas, S, Green, R, Sekine, A, A Mouse Model of Chronic West Nile Virus Disease (2016) PLoS Pathog, 12 (11), p. e1005996. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005996, PMID: 27806117; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5091767; Graham, JB, Thomas, S, Swarts, J, McMillan, AA, Ferris, MT, Suthar, MS, Genetic diversity in the collaborative cross model recapitulates human West Nile virus disease outcomes (2015) MBio, 6 (3), pp. e00493-15. , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00493-15, PMID: 25944860; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4436067; Graham, JB, Swarts, JL, Thomas, S, Voss, KM, Sekine, A, Green, R, Immune correlates of protection from West Nile virus neuroinvasion and disease (2018) J Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy623, Epub 2018/10/30. PMID: 30371803; Brinkmeyer-Langford, CL, Rech, R, Amstalden, K, Kochan, KJ, Hillhouse, AE, Young, C, Host genetic background influences diverse neurological responses to viral infection in mice (2017) Sci Rep, 7 (1), p. 12194. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12477-2, Epub 2017/09/25. PMID: 28939838; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5610195; Elbahesh, H, Schughart, K., Genetically diverse CC-founder mouse strains replicate the human influenza gene expression signature (2016) Sci Rep, 6, p. 26437. , https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26437, Epub 2016/05/20. PMID: 27193691; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4872221; Ferris, MT, Aylor, DL, Bottomly, D, Whitmore, AC, Aicher, LD, Bell, TA, Modeling host genetic regulation of influenza pathogenesis in the collaborative cross (2013) PLoS Pathog, 9 (2), p. e1003196. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003196, Epub 2013/03/08. PMID: 23468633; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3585141; Gralinski, LE, Ferris, MT, Aylor, DL, Whitmore, AC, Green, R, Frieman, MB, Genome Wide Identification of SARS-CoV Susceptibility Loci Using the Collaborative Cross (2015) PLoS Genet, 11 (10), p. e1005504. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005504, Epub 2015/10/10. PMID: 26452100; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4599853; Kollmus, H, Pilzner, C, Leist, SR, Heise, M, Geffers, R, Schughart, K., Of mice and men: the host response to influenza virus infection (2018) Mamm Genome, 29 (7–8), pp. 446-470. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-018-9750-y, Epub 2018/06/28. PMID: 29947965; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6132725; Leist, SR, Baric, RS., Giving the Genes a Shuffle: Using Natural Variation to Understand Host Genetic Contributions to Viral Infections (2018) Trends Genet, 34 (10), pp. 777-789. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2018.07.005, Epub 2018/08/23. PMID: 30131185; Rasmussen, AL, Okumura, A, Ferris, MT, Green, R, Feldmann, F, Kelly, SM, Host genetic diversity enables Ebola hemorrhagic fever pathogenesis and resistance (2014) Science, 346 (6212), pp. 987-991. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259595, Epub 2014/11/02. PMID: 25359852; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4241145; Graham, JB, Swarts, JL, Mooney, M, Choonoo, G, Jeng, S, Miller, DR, Extensive Homeostatic T Cell Phenotypic Variation within the Collaborative Cross (2017) Cell Rep, 21 (8), pp. 2313-2325. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.093, PMID: 29166619; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5728448; Graham, JB, Swarts, JL, Menachery, VD, Gralinski, LE, Schafer, A, Plante, KS, Immune Predictors of Mortality After Ribonucleic Acid Virus Infection (2020) J Infect Dis, 221 (6), pp. 882-889. , https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz531, Epub 2019/10/18. PMID: 31621854; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7107456; McDermott, JE, Mitchell, HD, Gralinski, LE, Eisfeld, AJ, Josset, L, Bankhead, A, The effect of inhibition of PP1 and TNFalpha signaling on pathogenesis of SARS coronavirus (2016) BMC Syst Biol, 10 (1), p. 93. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12918-016-0336-6, Epub 2016/09/25. PMID: 27663205; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5035469; Goyal, A, Reeves, DB, Cardozo-Ojeda, EF, Schiffer, JT, Mayer, BT., Wrong person, place and time: viral load and contact network structure predict SARS-CoV-2 transmission and super-spreading events (2020) medRxiv, p. 2020080720169920. , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.07.20169920, PMID: 33024978; Jameson, SC., T cell homeostasis: keeping useful T cells alive and live T cells useful (2005) Seminars in immunology, 17 (3), pp. 231-237. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2005.02.003, PMID: 15826828; Le Campion, A, Bourgeois, C, Lambolez, F, Martin, B, Leaument, S, Dautigny, N, Naive T cells proliferate strongly in neonatal mice in response to self-peptide/self-MHC complexes (2002) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99 (7), pp. 4538-4543. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.062621699, PMID: 11917110; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC123683; Min, B, McHugh, R, Sempowski, GD, Mackall, C, Foucras, G, Paul, WE., Neonates support lymphopeniainduced proliferation (2003) Immunity, 18 (1), pp. 131-140. , https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00508-3, PMID: 12530982; Schuler, T, Hammerling, GJ, Arnold, B., Cutting edge: IL-7-dependent homeostatic proliferation of CD8+ T cells in neonatal mice allows the generation of long-lived natural memory T cells (2004) Journal of immunology, 172 (1), pp. 15-19. , https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.172.1.15, PMID: 14688303; Surh, CD, Sprent, J., Regulation of mature T cell homeostasis (2005) Seminars in immunology, 17 (3), pp. 183-191. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2005.02.007, PMID: 15826823; Chu, T, Tyznik, AJ, Roepke, S, Berkley, AM, Woodward-Davis, A, Pattacini, L, Bystander-activated memory CD8 T cells control early pathogen load in an innate-like, NKG2D-dependent manner (2013) Cell Rep, 3 (3), pp. 701-708. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2013.02.020, Epub 2013/03/26. PMID: 23523350; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3628815; Lee, JY, Hamilton, SE, Akue, AD, Hogquist, KA, Jameson, SC., Virtual memory CD8 T cells display unique functional properties (2013) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110 (33), pp. 13498-13503. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307572110, PMID: 23898211; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3746847; Sosinowski, T, White, JT, Cross, EW, Haluszczak, C, Marrack, P, Gapin, L, CD8alpha+ dendritic cell trans presentation of IL-15 to naive CD8+ T cells produces antigen-inexperienced T cells in the periphery with memory phenotype and function (2013) Journal of immunology, 190 (5), pp. 1936-1947. , https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1203149, PMID: 23355737; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3578102; Lanzer, KG, Cookenham, T, Reiley, WW, Blackman, MA., Virtual memory cells make a major contribution to the response of aged influenza-naive mice to influenza virus infection (2018) Immun Ageing, 15, p. 17. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12979-018-0122-y, PMID: 30093911; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6081820; Lund, JM, Hsing, L, Pham, TT, Rudensky, AY., Coordination of early protective immunity to viral infection by regulatory T cells (2008) Science, 320 (5880), pp. 1220-1224. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155209, PMID: 18436744; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2519146; Pattacini, L, Baeten, JM, Thomas, KK, Fluharty, TR, Murnane, PM, Donnell, D, Regulatory T-Cell Activity But Not Conventional HIV-Specific T-Cell Responses Are Associated With Protection From HIV-1 Infection (2016) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 72 (2), pp. 119-128. , https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000000919, Epub 2015/12/15. PMID: 26656786; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4866890; Ruckwardt, TJ, Bonaparte, KL, Nason, MC, Graham, BS., Regulatory T cells promote early influx of CD8+ T cells in the lungs of respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice and diminish immunodominance disparities (2009) J Virol, 83 (7), pp. 3019-3028. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00036-09, PMID: 19153229; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2655550; Soerens, AG, Da Costa, A, Lund, JM., Regulatory T cells are essential to promote proper CD4 T-cell priming upon mucosal infection (2016) Mucosal Immunol, 9 (6), pp. 1395-1406. , https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2016.19, PMID: 27007674; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5035160; Lanteri, MC, O’Brien, KM, Purtha, WE, Cameron, MJ, Lund, JM, Owen, RE, Tregs control the development of symptomatic West Nile virus infection in humans and mice (2009) J Clin Invest, 119 (11), pp. 3266-3277. , https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI39387, Epub 2009/10/27. PMID: 19855131; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2769173; Belkaid, Y, Tarbell, K., Regulatory T cells in the control of host-microorganism interactions (*) (2009) Annu Rev Immunol, 27, pp. 551-589. , https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132723, Epub 2009/03/24. PMID: 19302048; Richert-Spuhler, LE, Lund, JM., The Immune Fulcrum: Regulatory T Cells Tip the Balance Between Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Outcomes upon Infection (2015) Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci, 136, pp. 217-243. , https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.07.015, Epub 2015/11/29. PMID: 26615099; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4769439; Smigiel, KS, Srivastava, S, Stolley, JM, Campbell, DJ., Regulatory T-cell homeostasis: steady-state maintenance and modulation during inflammation (2014) Immunol Rev, 259 (1), pp. 40-59. , https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12170, Epub 2014/04/10. PMID: 24712458; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4083836; Lee, DC, Harker, JA, Tregoning, JS, Atabani, SF, Johansson, C, Schwarze, J, CD25+ natural regulatory T cells are critical in limiting innate and adaptive immunity and resolving disease following respiratory syncytial virus infection (2010) J Virol, 84 (17), pp. 8790-8798. , https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00796-10, Epub 2010/06/25. PMID: 20573822; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2919030; Loebbermann, J, Thornton, H, Durant, L, Sparwasser, T, Webster, KE, Sprent, J, Regulatory T cells expressing granzyme B play a critical role in controlling lung inflammation during acute viral infection (2012) Mucosal Immunol, 5 (2), pp. 161-172. , https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2011.62, Epub 2012/01/13. PMID: 22236998; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3282434; Brincks, EL, Roberts, AD, Cookenham, T, Sell, S, Kohlmeier, JE, Blackman, MA, Antigen-specific memory regulatory CD4+Foxp3+ T cells control memory responses to influenza virus infection (2013) Journal of immunology, 190 (7), pp. 3438-3446. , https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1203140, Epub 2013/03/08. PMID: 23467933; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3608733; Dinnon, KH, Leist, SR, Schafer, A, Edwards, CE, Martinez, DR, Montgomery, SA, A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature, , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2708-8, Epub 2020/08/28. PMID: 32854108; Kim, JM, Rasmussen, JP, Rudensky, AY., Regulatory T cells prevent catastrophic autoimmunity throughout the lifespan of mice (2007) Nat Immunol, 8 (2), pp. 191-197. , https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1428, Epub 2006/12/01. PMID: 17136045; Welsh, CE, Miller, DR, Manly, KF, Wang, J, McMillan, L, Morahan, G, Status and access to the Collaborative Cross population (2012) Mamm Genome, 23 (9–10), pp. 706-712. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00335-012-9410-6, PMID: 22847377; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3463789; Roberts, A, Deming, D, Paddock, CD, Cheng, A, Yount, B, Vogel, L, A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice (2007) PLoS Pathog, 3 (1), p. e5. , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0030005, Epub 2007/01/16. PMID: 17222058; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1769406; Gralinski, LE, Sheahan, TP, Morrison, TE, Menachery, VD, Jensen, K, Leist, SR, Complement Activation Contributes to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Pathogenesis (2018) MBio, 9 (5). , https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01753-18, Epub 2018/10/12. PMID: 30301856; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6178621; Gralinski, LE, Menachery, VD, Morgan, AP, Totura, AL, Beall, A, Kocher, J, Allelic Variation in the Toll-Like Receptor Adaptor Protein Ticam2 Contributes to SARS-Coronavirus Pathogenesis in Mice (2017) G3 (Bethesda), 7 (6), pp. 1653-1663. , https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.117.041434, Epub 2017/06/09. PMID: 28592648; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5473747; Graham, JB, Swarts, JL, Lund, JM., A Mouse Model of West Nile Virus Infection (2017) Curr Protoc Mouse Biol, 7 (4), pp. 221-235. , https://doi.org/10.1002/cpmo.33, PMID: 29261232; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5777180 PY - 2021 SN - 15537366 (ISSN) ST - Baseline T cell immune phenotypes predict virologic and disease control upon SARS-CoV infection in Collaborative Cross mice T2 - PLoS Pathogens TI - Baseline T cell immune phenotypes predict virologic and disease control upon SARS-CoV infection in Collaborative Cross mice UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100887142&doi=10.1371%2fJOURNAL.PPAT.1009287&partnerID=40&md5=d30b3ddc81d0c75c46404a991f0d331e VL - 17 ID - 137 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: In the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many Complex General Surgical Oncology (CGSO) fellowship programs implemented virtual interviews (VI) during the 2020 interview season. At our institution, we had the unique opportunity to conduct an in-person interview (IPI) prior to the pandemic-related travel restrictions, and a VI after the restrictions were in place. Objective: The goal of this study was to understand how the VI model compares with the traditional IPI approach. Methods: Online surveys were distributed to both groups, collecting feedback on their interview experience. Responses were evaluated using a two-sample t test assuming equal variances. Results: Twenty-three of 26 (88%) applicants completed the survey. Most applicants reported that the interview gave them a satisfactory understanding of the CGSO fellowship (100% IPI, 92% VI) and the majority in both groups felt that the interview experience allowed them to accurately represent themselves (92% and 82%, respectively). All participants in the IPI group felt they were able to get an adequate understanding of the culture of the program, while only 64% in the VI group agreed with that statement (p = 0.02). IPI applicants were more likely to agree that the interview experience was sufficient to allow them to make a ranking decision (92% vs. 54%; p = 0.04). Conclusions: While the VI modality offers several advantages over the IPI, it still falls short in conveying some of the more subjective aspects of the programs, including program culture. Strategies to provide applicants with better insight into these areas during the VI will be important moving forward. © 2020, Society of Surgical Oncology. AD - Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Grova, M. M. AU - Donohue, S. J. AU - Meyers, M. O. AU - Kim, H. J. AU - Ollila, D. W. C2 - 33244739 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1245/s10434-020-09398-2 IS - 4 J2 - Ann. Surg. Oncol. KW - adult Article controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 data analysis software female health care survey human in person interview intermethod comparison interpersonal communication interview male medical education online analysis personal experience surgical oncology videoconferencing comparative study education pandemic personnel management procedures surgeon telecommunication COVID-19 Fellowships and Scholarships Humans Internship and Residency Interviews as Topic Pandemics Personnel Selection SARS-CoV-2 Surgeons Telecommunications LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ASONF Correspondence Address: Ollila, D.W.; Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, United States; email: David_Ollila@med.unc.edu Tradenames: Data Analysis Package References: Chinazzi, M., Davis, J.T., Ajelli, M., The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak (2020) Science, 368 (6489), pp. 395-400. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXnslKrtLw%3D; Vining, C.C., Eng, O.S., Hogg, M.E., Virtual surgical fellowship recruitment during COVID-19 and its implications for resident/fellow recruitment in the future (2020) Ann Surg Oncol; Gardner, A.K., Smink, D.S., Scott, B.G., Korndorffer, J.R., Jr., Harrington, D., Ritter, E.M., How much are we spending on resident selection? (2018) J Surg Educ, 75 (6), pp. e85-e90; Williams, K., Kling, J.M., Labonte, H.R., Blair, J.E., Videoconference interviewing: tips for success (2015) J Grad Med Educ, 7 (3), pp. 331-333; Jones, R.E., Abdelfattah, K.R., Virtual interviews in the era of COVID-19: a primer for applicants (2020) J Surg Educ, 77 (4), pp. 733-734; Pasadhika, S., Altenbernd, T., Ober, R.R., Harvey, E.M., Miller, J.M., Residency interview video conferencing (2012) Ophthalmology, 119 (2), pp. 426–e5; Edje, L., Miller, C., Kiefer, J., Oram, D., Using skype as an alternative for residency selection interviews (2013) J Grad Med Educ, 5 (3), pp. 503-505; Shah, S.K., Arora, S., Skipper, B., Kalishman, S., Timm, T.C., Smith, A.Y., Randomized evaluation of a web based interview process for urology resident selection (2012) J Urol, 187 (4), pp. 1380-1384; Melendez, M.M., Dobryansky, M., Alizadeh, K., Live online video interviews dramatically improve the plastic surgery residency application process (2012) Plast Reconstr Surg, 130 (1), pp. 240e-241e. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xpt1yku7c%3D; Chandler, N.M., Litz, C.N., Chang, H.L., Danielson, P.D., Efficacy of videoconference interviews in the pediatric surgery match (2019) J Surg Educ, 76 (2), pp. 420-426; Healy, W.L., Bedair, H., Videoconference Interviews for an Adult Reconstruction Fellowship: lessons Learned (2017) J Bone Jt Surg Am, 99 (21); Daram, S.R., Wu, R., Tang, S.J., Interview from anywhere: feasibility and utility of web-based videoconference interviews in the gastroenterology fellowship selection process (2014) Am J Gastroenterol, 109 (2), pp. 155-159; Coalition for Physician Accountability Documents (2020) National Residency Matching Program, , https://mk0nrmp3oyqui6wqfm.kinstacdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Recommendations-for-Fellowships-FINAL.pdf.Accessed1June2020; Ballejos, M.P., Oglesbee, S., Hettema, J., Sapien, R., An equivalence study of interview platform: does videoconference technology impact medical school acceptance rates of different groups? (2018) Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract, 23 (3), pp. 601-610; Watson, S.L., Hollis, R.H., Oladeji, L., Xu, S., Porterfield, J.R., Ponce, B.A., The burden of the fellowship interview process on general surgery residents and programs (2017) J Surg Educ, 74 (1), pp. 167-172 PY - 2021 SN - 10689265 (ISSN) SP - 1908-1915 ST - Direct Comparison of In-Person Versus Virtual Interviews for Complex General Surgical Oncology Fellowship in the COVID-19 Era T2 - Annals of Surgical Oncology TI - Direct Comparison of In-Person Versus Virtual Interviews for Complex General Surgical Oncology Fellowship in the COVID-19 Era UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096586875&doi=10.1245%2fs10434-020-09398-2&partnerID=40&md5=aef5d236f200aec4f163ecd418f1ad6d VL - 28 ID - 49 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Between April 20, 2020 and June 19, 2020 we conducted a survey of the membership of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) to explore the impact of COVID-19 on their research and academic careers. A total of 123 individuals responded representing academic ranks from trainee to full professor, tenured and fixed-term appointments, and all genders. The survey included both quantitative and free text responses. Results revealed considerable concern about the impact of COVID-19 on research with the greatest concern reported by individuals in nonpermanent positions and female researchers. Concerns about the availability of funding and the impact of the pandemic on career progression were commonly reported by early career researchers. Recommendations for institutions, organizations such as the PGC, as well as individual senior investigators have been provided to ensure that the futures of early career investigators, especially those underrepresented in academic medicine such as women and underrepresented minorities, are not disproportionately disadvantaged by the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. AD - Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Departments of Psychology and Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Guintivano, J. AU - Dick, D. AU - Bulik, C. M. C2 - 33605055 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/ajmg.b.32838 IS - 1 J2 - Am. J. Med. Genet. Part B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. KW - academic medicine COVID-19 faculty funding promotion academic achievement Article career mobility coronavirus disease 2019 female financial management genetics human male medical education pandemic priority journal psychiatry quantitative analysis scientist sex ratio temporary employment epidemiology genomics minority group pathogenicity personnel questionnaire virology Humans Minority Groups Research Personnel SARS-CoV-2 Surveys and Questionnaires LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AJMGE Correspondence Address: Bulik, C.M.; Department of Psychiatry, United States; email: cynthia_bulik@med.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Bulik, C.M.; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Sweden; email: cynthia_bulik@med.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Bulik, C.M.; Department of Nutrition, United States; email: cynthia_bulik@med.unc.edu Funding details: R25 AA027402, R34 AA027347, U10 AA008401 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, P50 AA022537, R01 AA015416 Funding details: National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIDA, H79 SM081924, R01MH105684, R01MH118278, R01MH119084, R01MH120170, R21MH115397, R34MH113681, U01 MH109528 Funding details: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIAAA, R01 DA050721 Funding details: Vetenskapsrådet, VR, 538‐2013‐8864 Funding text 1: Dr. Danielle Dick is supported by NIH R01 AA015416 (Finnish Twin Study), P50 AA022537 (Alcohol Research Center), R25 AA027402 (VCU GREAT), R34 AA027347 (Personalized Risk Assessment), and U10 AA008401 (COGA) from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), and by R01 DA050721 (Externalizing Consortium) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Funding text 2: Dr. Jerry Guintivano is supported by K01 MH116413. Dr. Danielle Dick is supported by NIH R01 AA015416 (Finnish Twin Study), P50 AA022537 (Alcohol Research Center), R25 AA027402 (VCU GREAT), R34 AA027347 (Personalized Risk Assessment), and U10 AA008401 (COGA) from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), and by R01 DA050721 (Externalizing Consortium) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Dr. Cynthia M. Bulik is supported by R01MH120170, R01MH119084, R01MH118278, R34MH113681, R21MH115397, R01MH105684, U01 MH109528, and H79 SM081924. She also acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsr?det, award: 538-2013-8864). Funding text 3: Dr. Cynthia M. Bulik is supported by R01MH120170, R01MH119084, R01MH118278, R34MH113681, R21MH115397, R01MH105684, U01 MH109528, and H79 SM081924. She also acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsrådet, award: 538‐2013‐8864). References: Andersen, J., Nielsen, M., Simone, N., Lewiss, R., Jagsi, R., COVID-19 medical papers have fewer women first authors than expected (2020) Elife, 9. , https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.58807; Brubaker, L., Women physicians and the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) JAMA, 324 (9), pp. 835-836. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.14797; Carr, P.L., Raj, A., Kaplan, S.E., Terrin, N., Breeze, J.L., Freund, K.M., Gender differences in academic medicine: Retention, rank, and leadership comparisons from the national faculty survey (2018) Academic Medicine, 93 (11), pp. 1694-1699. , https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002146; Colenda, C.C., Applegate, W.B., Reifler, B.V., Blazer, D.G., COVID-19: Financial stress test for academic medical centers (2020) Academic Medicine, 95 (8), pp. 1143-1145. , https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003418; Davis, L., Fry, D., (2019) College faculty have become more racially and ethnically diverse, but remain far less so than students, , https://pewrsr.ch/2GCDVDZ; Denfeld, Q., Erickson, E., Valent, A., Villasana, L., Zhang, Z., Myatt, L., Guise, J.-M., COVID-19: Challenges and lessons learned from early career investigators (2020) Journal of Women's Health, 29 (6), pp. 752-754. , https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8552; Jolly, S., Griffith, K.A., DeCastro, R., Stewart, A., Ubel, P., Jagsi, R., Gender differences in time spent on parenting and domestic responsibilities by high-achieving young physician-researchers (2014) Annals of Internal Medicine, 160 (5), pp. 344-353. , https://doi.org/10.7326/M13-0974; Kibbe, M.R., Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on manuscript submissions by women (2020) JAMA Surgery, 155, pp. 803-804. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3917; Kim, C.S., Lynch, J.B., Cohen, S., Neme, S., Staiger, T.O., Evans, L., Dellit, T.H., One academic health system's early (and ongoing) experience responding to COVID-19: Recommendations from the initial epicenter of the pandemic in the United States (2020) Academic Medicine, 95 (8), pp. 1146-1148. , https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003410; Moore, J.T., Ricaldi, J.N., Rose, C.E., Fuld, J., Parise, M., Kang, G.J., Disparities in incidence of COVID-19 among underrepresented racial/ethnic groups in counties identified as hotspots during June 5–18, 2020–22 atates, February-June 2020 (2020) MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69 (33), pp. 1122-1126. , https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6933e1; Nayak, A., Islam, S.J., Mehta, A., Ko, Y.A., Patel, S.A., Goyal, A., Quyyumi, A.A., Impact of social vulnerability on COVID-19 incidence and outcomes in the United States (2020) medRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.10.20060962; Rao, A., (2019) Even breadwinning wives don't get equality at home. The Atlantic, , https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2019/05/breadwinning-wives-gender-inequality/589237/, Accessed February 8, 2021; (2020) R: A language and environment for statistical computing, , https://www.R-project.org/, Vienna, Austria, R Foundation for Statistical Computing; Sheikh, M.H., Chaudhary, A.M.D., Khan, A.S., Tahir, M.A., Yahya, H.A., Naveed, S., Khosa, F., Influences for gender disparity in academic psychiatry in the United States (2018) Cureus, 10 (4). , https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2514; Viglione, G., Are women publishing less during the pandemic? Here's what the data say (2020) Nature, 581 (7809), pp. 365-366. , https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01294-9; Weissman, R.S., Klump, K.L., Rose, J., Conducting eating disorders research in the time of COVID-19: A survey of researchers in the field (2020) The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53 (7), pp. 1171-1181. , https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23303; Wingard, D., Trejo, J., Gudea, M., Goodman, S., Reznik, V., Faculty equity, diversity, culture and climate change in academic medicine: A longitudinal study (2019) Journal of the National Medical Association, 111 (1), pp. 46-53. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2018.05.004 PY - 2021 SN - 15524841 (ISSN) SP - 40-49 ST - Psychiatric genomics research during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium researchers T2 - American Journal of Medical Genetics, Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics TI - Psychiatric genomics research during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium researchers UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101041659&doi=10.1002%2fajmg.b.32838&partnerID=40&md5=8471bd070290801c4dfa1fa418102c58 VL - 186 ID - 189 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Advance care directives (ACDs) are instructions regarding what types of medical treatments a patient desires and/or who they would like to designate as a healthcare surrogate to make important healthcare decisions when the patient is mentally incapacitated. At end-of-life, when faced with poor prognosis for a meaningful health-related quality of life, most patients indicate their preference to abstain from aggressive, life-sustaining treatments. Patients whose wishes are left unsaid often receive burdensome life sustain therapy by default, prolonging patient suffering. The CoVID pandemic has strained our healthcare resources and raised the need for prioritization of life-sustaining therapy. This highlights the urgency of ACDs more than ever. Despite ACDs’ potential to provide patients with care that aligns with their values and preferences and reduce resource competition, there has been relatively little conversation regarding the overlap of ACDs and CoVID-19. There is low uptake among patients, lack of training for healthcare professionals, and inequitable adoption in vulnerable populations. However, solutions are forthcoming and may include electronic medical record completion, patient outreach efforts, healthcare worker programs to increase awareness of at-risk minority patients, and restructuring of incentives and reimbursement policies. This review carefully describes the above challenges and unique opportunities to address them in the CoVID-19 era. If solutions are leveraged appropriately, ACDs have the potential to address the described challenges and ethically resolve resource conflicts during the current crisis and beyond. © The Author(s) 2020. AD - The Brooklyn Hospital CenterNY, United States University at BuffaloNY, United States University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, United States UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Gupta, A. AU - Bahl, B. AU - Rabadi, S. AU - Mebane, A., III AU - Levey, R. AU - Vasudevan, V. C2 - 33021094 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1177/1049909120963698 IS - 2 J2 - Am. J. Hospice Palliative Med. KW - advance care planning advance directives COVID-19 critical illness documentation severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 terminal care decision making human living will organization and management pandemic professional-patient relationship psychology quality of life Humans Pandemics Professional-Patient Relations LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Gupta, A.; The Brooklyn Hospital CenterUnited States; email: research@vippllc.com Funding details: Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST Funding text 1: Advance care directive, ACD; Hospice and palliative care medicine, HPM; Medical orders for scope of treatment, MOST; Medical orders for life-sustaining treatment, MOLST; Physician?s orders for life-sustaining treatment, POLST; Physician?s orders for scope of treatment, POST; Surrogate decision-maker, SDM. The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. References: Gabler, N.B., Ratcliffe, S.J., Wagner, J., Mortality among patients admitted to strained intensive care units (2013) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 188 (7), pp. 800-806; Hua, M., Halpern, S.D., Gabler, N.B., Wunsch, H., Effect of ICU strain on timing of limitations in life-sustaining therapy and on death (2016) Intensive Care Med, 42 (6), pp. 987-994; Weissman, G.E., Crane-Droesch, A., Chivers, C., Locally informed simulation to predict hospital capacity needs during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173 (1), pp. 21-28; Cogo, S.B., Lunardi, V.L., Quintana, A.M., Girardon-Perlini, N.M., Silveira, R.S., Challenges to implementation of advance directives of will in hospital practice (2016) Rev Bras Enferm, 69 (6), pp. 1031-1038; Romano, A.M., Gade, K.E., Nielsen, G., Early palliative care reduces end-of-life intensive care unit (ICU) use but not ICU course in patients with advanced cancer (2017) Oncologist, 22 (3), pp. 318-323; Barrocas, A., Schwartz, D.B., Hasse, J.M., Seres, D.S., Mueller, C.M., Ethical framework for nutrition support resource allocation during shortages: lessons from COVID-19 (2020) Nutr Clin Pract, 35 (4), pp. 599-605; Farrell, T.W., Ferrante, L.E., Brown, T., AGS position statement: resource allocation strategies and age-related considerations in the COVID-19 era and beyond (2020) J Am Geriatr Soc, 68 (6), pp. 1136-1142; Nelson, J.M., Nelson, T.C., Advance directives: empowering patients at the end of life (2014) Nurse Pract, 39 (11), pp. 34-40. , quiz 40-31;, (,):, –; Steiner, J.M., Kirkpatrick, J.N., Heckbert, S.R., Hospital resource utilization and presence of advance directives at the end of life for adults with congenital heart disease (2018) Congenit Heart Dis, 13 (5), pp. 721-727; Schellinger, S., Sidebottom, A., Briggs, L., Disease specific advance care planning for heart failure patients: implementation in a large health system (2011) J Palliat Med, 14 (11), pp. 1224-1230; Auriemma, C.L., Halpern, S.D., Asch, J.M., Van Der Tuyn, M., Asch, D.A., Completion of advance directives and documented care preferences during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3 (7), p. e2015762; Portz, J.D., Brungardt, A., Shanbhag, P., Advance care planning among users of a patient portal during the COVID-19 pandemic: retrospective observational study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (8), p. e21385; Seymour, J., Almack, K., Kennedy, S., Implementing advance care planning: a qualitative study of community nurses’ views and experiences (2010) BMC Palliat Care, 9, p. 4; McGough, N.N., Hauschildt, B., Mollon, D., Fields, W., Nurses’ knowledge and comfort levels using the Physician Orders for Life-sustaining Treatment (POLST) form in the progressive care unit (2015) Geriatr Nurs, 36 (1), pp. 21-24; Hickman, R.L., Jr., Pinto, M.D., Advance directives lessen the decisional burden of surrogate decision-making for the chronically critically ill (2014) J Clin Nurs, 23 (5-6), pp. 756-765; Gold, J.A.W., Wong, K.K., Szablewski, C.M., Characteristics and clinical outcomes of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19—Georgia, March 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69 (18), pp. 545-550; Foti, M.E., Bartels, S.J., Merriman, M.P., Fletcher, K.E., Van Citters, A.D., Medical advance care planning for persons with serious mental illness (2005) Psychiatr Serv, 56 (5), pp. 576-584; Lotz, J.D., Jox, R.J., Borasio, G.D., Fuhrer, M., Pediatric advance care planning from the perspective of health care professionals: a qualitative interview study (2015) Palliat Med, 29 (3), pp. 212-222; Kossman, D.A., Prevalence, views, and impact of advance directives among older adults (2014) J Gerontol Nurs, 40 (7), pp. 44-50; Teoli, D., Ghassemzadeh, S., Patient self-determination act (2020) StatPearls, , StatPearls Publishing LLC. Copyright © 2020, In; Teno, J.M., Gozalo, P., Trivedi, A.N., Site of death, place of care, and health care transitions among US Medicare beneficiaries, 2000-2015 (2018) JAMA, 320 (3), pp. 264-271; Curtis, J.R., Engelberg, R.A., Bensink, M.E., Ramsey, S.D., End-of-life care in the intensive care unit: can we simultaneously increase quality and reduce costs? (2012) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 186 (7), pp. 587-592; Carenzo, L., Costantini, E., Greco, M., Hospital surge capacity in a tertiary emergency referral centre during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy (2020) Anaesthesia, 75 (7), pp. 928-934; Griffin, K.M., Karas, M.G., Ivascu, N.S., Lief, L., Hospital preparedness for COVID-19: a practical guide from a critical care perspective (2020) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 201 (11), pp. 1337-1344; Aziz, S., Arabi, Y.M., Alhazzani, W., Managing ICU surge during the COVID-19 crisis: rapid guidelines (2020) Intensive Care Med, 46 (7), pp. 1303-1325; Wright, A.A., Keating, N.L., Ayanian, J.Z., Family perspectives on aggressive cancer care near the end of life (2016) JAMA, 315 (3), pp. 284-292; Khandelwal, N., Engelberg, R.A., Benkeser, D.C., Coe, N.B., Curtis, J.R., End-of-life expenditure in the ICU and perceived quality of dying (2014) Chest, 146 (6), pp. 1594-1603; Duncan, I., Ahmed, T., Dove, H., Maxwell, T.L., Medicare cost at end of life (2019) Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 36 (8), pp. 705-710; Bartsch, S.M., Ferguson, M.C., McKinnell, J.A., The potential health care costs and resource use associated with COVID-19 in the United States (2020) Health Aff, 39 (6), pp. 927-935; Lum, H., Obafemi, O., Dukes, J., Nowels, M., Samon, K., Boxer, R.S., Use of medical orders for scope of treatment for heart failure patients during postacute care in skilled nursing facilities (2017) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 18 (10), pp. 885-890; Silveira, M.J., Kim, S.Y., Langa, K.M., Advance directives and outcomes of surrogate decision making before death (2010) N Engl J Med, 362 (13), pp. 1211-1218; Detering, K.M., Hancock, A.D., Reade, M.C., Silvester, W., The impact of advance care planning on end of life care in elderly patients: randomised controlled trial (2010) BMJ, 340, p. c1345; Wang, S.Y., Hall, J., Pollack, C.E., Associations between end-of-life cancer care patterns and Medicare expenditures (2016) J Natl Compr Canc Netw, 14 (8), pp. 1001-1008; Nicholas, L.H., Langa, K.M., Iwashyna, T.J., Weir, D.R., Regional variation in the association between advance directives and end-of-life Medicare expenditures (2011) JAMA, 306 (13), pp. 1447-1453; Zhang, B., Wright, A.A., Huskamp, H.A., Health care costs in the last week of life: associations with end-of-life conversations (2009) Arch Intern Med, 169 (5), pp. 480-488; Colaberdino, V., Marshall, C., Dubose, P., Daitz, M., Economic impact of an advanced illness consultation program within a Medicare advantage plan population (2016) J Palliat Med, 19 (6), pp. 622-625; Hoverman, J.R., Neubauer, M.A., Jameson, M., Three-year results of a Medicare advantage cancer management program (2018) J Oncol Pract, 14 (4), pp. e229-e237; Brinkman-Stoppelenburg, A., Rietjens, J.A., van der Heide, A., The effects of advance care planning on end-of-life care: a systematic review (2014) Palliat Med, 28 (8), pp. 1000-1025; Andreasen, P., Finne-Soveri, U.H., Deliens, L., Advance directives in European long-term care facilities: a cross-sectional survey (2019) BMJ Support Palliat Care, , 10.1136/bmjspcare-2018-001743; Barkley, A., Liquori, M., Cunningham, A., Liantonio, J., Worster, B., Parks, S., Advance care planning in a geriatric primary care clinic: a retrospective chart review (2019) Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 36 (1), pp. 24-27; De Gendt, C., Bilsen, J., Stichele, R.V., Deliens, L., Advance care planning and dying in nursing homes in Flanders, Belgium: a nationwide survey (2013) J Pain Symptom Manage, 45 (2), pp. 223-234; Gamertsfelder, E.M., Seaman, J.B., Tate, J., Buddadhumaruk, P., Happ, M.B., Prevalence of advance directives among older adults admitted to intensive care units and requiring mechanical ventilation (2016) J Gerontol Nurs, 42 (4), pp. 34-41; Hubert, E., Schulte, N., Belle, S., Cancer patients and advance directives: a survey of patients in a hematology and oncology outpatient clinic (2013) Onkologie, 36 (7-8), pp. 398-402; Kamal, A.H., Bull, J., Wolf, S.P., Portman, D., Strand, J., Johnson, K.S., Unmet needs of African Americans and whites at the time of palliative care consultation (2017) Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 34 (5), pp. 461-465; Merchant, F.M., Binney, Z., Patel, A., Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of advance directives in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator recipients (2017) Heart Rhythm, 14 (6), pp. 830-836; Tobler, D., Greutmann, M., Colman, J.M., Greutmann-Yantiri, M., Librach, S.L., Kovacs, A.H., Knowledge of and preference for advance care planning by adults with congenital heart disease (2012) Am J Cardiol, 109 (12), pp. 1797-1800; Spoelhof, G.D., Elliott, B., Implementing advance directives in office practice (2012) Am Fam Physician, 85 (5), pp. 461-466; Kim, H., Ersek, M., Bradway, C., Hickman, S.E., Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment for nursing home residents with dementia (2015) J Am Assoc Nurse Pract, 27 (11), pp. 606-614; Paakkari, L., Okan, O., COVID-19: health literacy is an underestimated problem (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5 (5), pp. e249-e250; Abel, T., McQueen, D., Critical health literacy and the COVID-19 crisis (2020) Health Promot Int, daaa040; Beckstrand, R.L., Callister, L.C., Kirchhoff, K.T., Providing a “good death”: critical care nurses’ suggestions for improving end-of-life care (2006) Am J Crit Care, 15 (1), pp. 38-45. , quiz 46;, (,):, –; Halpern, S.D., Shaping end-of-life care: behavioral economics and advance directives (2012) Semin Respir Crit Care Med, 33 (4), pp. 393-400; Hickman, S.E., Nelson, C.A., Perrin, N.A., Moss, A.H., Hammes, B.J., Tolle, S.W., A comparison of methods to communicate treatment preferences in nursing facilities: traditional practices versus the physician orders for life-sustaining treatment program (2010) J Am Geriatr Soc, 58 (7), pp. 1241-1248; Hickman, S.E., Keevern, E., Hammes, B.J., Use of the physician orders for life-sustaining treatment program in the clinical setting: a systematic review of the literature (2015) J Am Geriatr Soc, 63 (2), pp. 341-350; Lu, C.Y., Johantgen, M., Factors associated with treatment restriction orders and hospice in older nursing home residents (2011) J Clin Nurs, 20 (3-4), pp. 377-387; Halpern, N.A., Pastores, S.M., Chou, J.F., Chawla, S., Thaler, H.T., Advance directives in an oncologic intensive care unit: a contemporary analysis of their frequency, type, and impact (2011) J Palliat Med, 14 (4), pp. 483-489; Williamson, L.D., Smith, M.A., Bigman, C.A., Does discrimination breed mistrust? Examining the role of mediated and non-mediated discrimination experiences in medical mistrust (2019) J Health Commun, 24 (10), pp. 791-799; Glover, L.M., Sims, M., Winters, K., Perceived discrimination and reported trust and satisfaction with providers in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study (2017) Ethn Dis, 27 (3), pp. 209-216; López-Cevallos, D.F., Harvey, S.M., Warren, J.T., Medical mistrust, perceived discrimination, and satisfaction with health care among young-adult rural Latinos (2014) J Rural Health, 30 (4), pp. 344-351; Hickman, R.L., Jr., Daly, B.J., Lee, E., Decisional conflict and regret: consequences of surrogate decision making for the chronically critically ill (2012) Appl Nurs Res, 25 (4), pp. 271-275; Sullivan, D.R., Liu, X., Corwin, D.S., Learned helplessness among families and surrogate decision-makers of patients admitted to medical, surgical, and trauma ICUs (2012) Chest, 142 (6), pp. 1440-1446; Ferdinand, K.C., Nasser, S.A., African-American COVID-19 mortality (2020) J Am Coll Cardiol, 75 (21), pp. 2746-2748; Sudore, R.L., Fried, T.R., Redefining the “planning” in advance care planning: preparing for end-of-life decision making (2010) Ann Intern Med, 153 (4), pp. 256-261; Martinez-Selles, M., Gallego, L., Ruiz, J., Fernandez Aviles, F., Do-not-resuscitate orders and palliative care in patients who die in cardiology departments. What can be improved? (2010) Rev Esp Cardiol, 63 (2), pp. 233-237; Huang, Y.C., Huang, S.J., Ko, W.J., Survey of do-not-resuscitate orders in surgical intensive care units (2010) J Formos Med Assoc, 109 (3), pp. 201-208; Chang, Y., Huang, C.F., Lin, C.C., Do-not-resuscitate orders for critically ill patients in intensive care (2010) Nurs Ethics, 17 (4), pp. 445-455; Berger, G.N., O’Riordan, D.L., Kerr, K., Pantilat, S.Z., Prevalence and characteristics of outpatient palliative care services in California (2011) Arch Intern Med, 171 (22), pp. 2057-2059; (2019), New York State Department of Health; Tang, S.T., Huang, E.-W., Liu, T.-W., Wang, H.-M., Rau, K.-M., Chen, J.-S., Aggressive end-of-life care significantly influenced propensity for hospice enrollment within the last three days of life for Taiwanese cancer decedents (2011) J Pain Symptom Manage, 41 (1), pp. 68-78; (2020), American Board of Internal Medicine; Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V.G., Papoutsi, E., Katsaounou, P., Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Brain Behav Immun, 88, pp. 901-907; Morrow-Howell, N., Galucia, N., Swinford, E., Recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic: a focus on older adults (2020) J Aging Soc Policy, 32 (4-5), pp. 526-535; Boerner, K., Rodriquez, J., Quach, E., Hendricksen, M., Implementing the MOLST (medical orders for life-sustaining treatments): challenges faced by nursing home staff (2018) Geriatr Nurs, 39 (4), pp. 465-470; Caprio, A.J., Rollins, V.P., Roberts, E., Health care professionals’ perceptions and use of the medical orders for scope of treatment (MOST) form in North Carolina nursing homes (2012) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 13 (2), pp. 162-168; Dingfield, L.E., Kayser, J.B., Integrating advance care planning into practice (2017) Chest, 151 (6), pp. 1387-1393; Lupu, D., Quigley, L., Mehfoud, N., Salsberg, E.S., The growing demand for hospice and palliative medicine physicians: will the supply keep up? (2018) J Pain Symptom Manage, 55 (4), pp. 1216-1223; Astrow, A.B., Popp, B., The palliative care information act in real life (2011) N Engl J Med, 364 (20), pp. 1885-1887; Schaden, E., Herczeg, P., Hacker, S., Schopper, A., Krenn, C.G., The role of advance directives in end-of-life decisions in Austria: survey of intensive care physicians (2010) BMC Med Ethics, 11, p. 19; Mower, W.R., Baraff, L.J., Advance directives. Effect of type of directive on physicians’ therapeutic decisions (1993) Arch Intern Med, 153 (3), pp. 375-381; Schamp, R., Tenkku, L., Managed death in a PACE: pathways in present and advance directives (2006) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 7 (6), pp. 339-344; Nemiroff, L., Marshall, E.G., Jensen, J.L., Clarke, B., Andrew, M.K., Adherence to “No Transfer to Hospital” advance directives among nursing home residents (2019) J Am Med Dir Assoc, 20 (11), pp. 1373-1381; Burke, R.V., Rome, R., Constanza, K., Amedee, M., Santos, C., Leigh, A., Addressing palliative care needs of COVID-19 patients in New Orleans, LA: a team-based reflective analysis (2020) Palliat Med Rep, 1 (1), pp. 124-128; Chan, H.Y., Pang, S.M., Let me talk—an advance care planning programme for frail nursing home residents (2010) J Clin Nurs, 19 (21-22), pp. 3073-3084; Jacobsen, J.C., Tran, K.M., Jackson, V.A., Rubin, E.B., Case 19-2020: a 74-year-old man with acute respiratory failure and unclear goals of care (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (25), pp. 2450-2457; Sudore, R.L., Landefeld, C.S., Barnes, D.E., An advance directive redesigned to meet the literacy level of most adults: a randomized trial (2007) Patient Educ Couns, 69 (1-3), pp. 165-195; Sudore, R.L., Boscardin, J., Feuz, M.A., McMahan, R.D., Katen, M.T., Barnes, D.E., Effect of the PREPARE website vs an easy-to-read advance directive on advance care planning documentation and engagement among veterans (2017) JAMA Intern Med, 177 (8), pp. 1102-1109 PY - 2021 SN - 10499091 (ISSN) SP - 191-198 ST - Value of Advance Care Directives for Patients With Serious Illness in the Era of COVID Pandemic: A Review of Challenges and Solutions T2 - American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine TI - Value of Advance Care Directives for Patients With Serious Illness in the Era of COVID Pandemic: A Review of Challenges and Solutions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092202992&doi=10.1177%2f1049909120963698&partnerID=40&md5=1d36b26206d26683bcdc85be164422d6 VL - 38 ID - 133 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective: The potential ability for weather to affect SARS-CoV-2 transmission has been an area of controversial discussion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals’ perceptions of the impact of weather can inform their adherence to public health guidelines; however, there is no measure of their perceptions. We quantified Twitter users’ perceptions of the effect of weather and analyzed how they evolved with respect to real-world events and time. Materials and Methods: We collected 166,005 English tweets posted between January 23 and June 22, 2020 and employed machine learning/natural language processing techniques to filter for relevant tweets, classify them by the type of effect they claimed, and identify topics of discussion. Results: We identified 28,555 relevant tweets and estimate that 40.4 % indicate uncertainty about weather's impact, 33.5 % indicate no effect, and 26.1 % indicate some effect. We tracked changes in these proportions over time. Topic modeling revealed major latent areas of discussion. Discussion: There is no consensus among the public for weather's potential impact. Earlier months were characterized by tweets that were uncertain of weather's effect or claimed no effect; later, the portion of tweets claiming some effect of weather increased. Tweets claiming no effect of weather comprised the largest class by June. Major topics of discussion included comparisons to influenza's seasonality, President Trump's comments on weather's effect, and social distancing. Conclusion: We exhibit a research approach that is effective in measuring population perceptions and identifying misconceptions, which can inform public health communications. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. AD - MGH Institute for Technology Assessment, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States AU - Gupta, M. AU - Bansal, A. AU - Jain, B. AU - Rochelle, J. AU - Oak, A. AU - Jalali, M. S. C2 - 33242762 C7 - 104340 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104340 J2 - Int. J. Med. Informatics KW - Individuals’ perceptions Machine learning Opinion mining SARS-CoV-2 transmission Topic modeling Public health Social networking (online) Uncertainty analysis Health communication Language processing techniques Potential ability Potential impacts Real-world Research approach Seasonality Article Bayesian learning cold exposure comparative study coronavirus disease 2019 cross validation feature extraction geography human influenza k means clustering k nearest neighbor logistic regression analysis natural language processing pandemic priority journal public policy qualitative analysis random forest receiver operating characteristic seasonal variation social distancing social media support vector machine uncertainty weather perception COVID-19 Humans Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: IJMIF Correspondence Address: Jalali, M.S.; Harvard Medical School, Room 1032, United States; email: msjalali@mgh.harvard.edu Funding text 1: We thank Yicheng Wang, Elizabeth Mason, and Heresh Amini who provided feedback and suggestions. We also thank Catherine DiGennaro for her contributions in initiating the research. References: Shaman, J., Goldstein, E., Lipsitch, M., Absolute humidity and pandemic versus epidemic influenza (2010) Am. J. Epidemiol., 173 (2), pp. 127-135; Altamimi, A., Ahmed, A., Climate factors and incidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2019) J. Infect. Public Health, , In press; Yuan, J., A climatologic investigation of the SARS-CoV outbreak in Beijing, China (2006) Am. J. Infect. Control, 34 (4), pp. 234-236; Notari, A., Temperature dependence of COVID-19 transmission (2020) medRxiv, p. 2020. , 03.26.20044529; Ficetola, G.F., Rubolini, D., Climate affects global patterns of COVID-19 early outbreak dynamics (2020) medRxiv, p. 2020. , 03.23.20040501; Bu, J., Analysis of meteorological conditions and prediction of epidemic trend of 2019-nCoV infection in 2020 (2020) medRxiv, p. 2020. , 02.13.20022715; Li, Q., Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382 (13), pp. 1199-1207; Merow, C., Urban, M.C., Seasonality and uncertainty in COVID-19 growth rates (2020) medRxiv, p. 2020. , 04.19.20071951; Luo, W., The role of absolute humidity on transmission rates of the COVID-19 outbreak (2020) medRxiv; Islam, N., Shabnam, S., Erzurumluoglu, A.M., Temperature, humidity, and wind speed are associated with lower Covid-19 incidence (2020) medRxiv, p. 2020. , 03.27.20045658; Oliveiros, B., Role of temperature and humidity in the modulation of the doubling time of COVID-19 cases (2020) medRxiv, p. 2020. , 03.05.20031872; Sajadi, M.M., Temperature, Humidity and Latitude Analysis to Predict Potential Spread and Seasonality for COVID-19 (2020), Preprint; Xu, R., The modest impact of weather and air pollution on COVID-19 transmission (2020) medRxiv, p. 2020. , 05.05.20092627; Lin, L., Media use and communication inequalities in a public health emergency: a case study of 2009–2010 pandemic influenza a virus subtype H1N1 (2014) Public Health Rep., 129 (6_suppl4), pp. 49-60; Singh, L., A First Look at COVID-19 Information and Misinformation Sharing on Twitter (2020); Le Page, M., Will heat kill the coronavirus? (2020) New Sci., 245 (3270), pp. 6-7; Jameel, Q.B.Y., Will Coronavirus Pandemic Diminish by Summer? (2020), p. 15. , Elsevier BV; Culotta, A., Towards detecting influenza epidemics by analyzing twitter messages (2010) Proceedings of the First Workshop on Social media Analytics; Hong, L., Davison, B.D., Empirical study of topic modeling in twitter (2010) Proceedings of the First Workshop on Social media Analytics; Sarker, A., DeRoos, A., Perrone, J., Mining social media for prescription medication abuse monitoring: a review and proposal for a data-centric framework (2019) J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc., 27 (2), pp. 315-329; Peters, M.E., Deep contextualized word representations (2018) arXiv preprint, , arXiv:1802.05365; Turney, P.D., Pantel, P., From frequency to meaning: vector space models of semantics (2010) J. Artif. Int. Res., 37 (1), pp. 141-188; Pedregosa, F., Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python (2011) J. Mach. Learn. Res., 12, pp. 2825-2830; Davis, J., Goadrich, M., The relationship between precision-recall and ROC curves (2006) Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning, Association for Computing Machinery: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, pp. 233-240; Saito, T., Rehmsmeier, M., The precision-recall plot is more informative than the ROC plot when evaluating binary classifiers on imbalanced datasets (2015) PLoS One, 10 (3), p. e0118432; Jeni, L.A., Cohn, J.F., Torre, F.D.L., Facing imbalanced data–recommendations for the use of performance metrics (2013) 2013 Humaine Association Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction; Blei, D.M., Ng, A.Y., Jordan, M.I., Latent dirichlet allocation (2003) J. Mach. Learn. Res., 3, pp. 993-1022. , Jan; Ong, C.J., Machine learning and natural language processing methods to identify ischemic stroke, acuity and location from radiology reports (2020) PLoS One, 15 (6), p. e0234908; Subramanian, C., Behrmann, S., Jackson, D., Trump Says Coronavirus Will Be Gone by April When the Weather Gets Warmer, Doesn't Offer Scientific Explanation, in USA TODAY (2020); Griffiths, J., https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/12/asia/coronavirus-flu-weather-temperature-intl-hnk/index.html, Will warmer weather help fight the coronavirus? Singapore and Australia suggest maybe not. CNN 2020; Available from:; National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine, Rapid Expert Consultation on SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Testing for the COVID-19 Pandemic (April 8, 2020), in Rapid Expert Consultations on the COVID-19 Pandemic: March 14, 2020–April 8, 2020 (2020), National Academies Press US; Freedman, A., Samenow, J., White House Promotes New Lab Results Suggesting Heat and Sunlight Slow Coronavirus (2020), The Washington Post; World Health Organization, WHO Director-General's Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020 (2020); White House, Proclamation on Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak (2020), White House; Cohen, E., Prestigious Scientific Panel Tells White House Coronavirus Won't Go Away With Warmer Weather (2020), CNN; Nazaruka, E., An overview of ways of discovering cause-effect relations in text by using natural language processing (2019) International Conference on Evaluation of Novel Approaches to Software Engineering, Springer; Pang, B., Lee, L., Opinion mining and sentiment analysis (2008) Found. Trends® Inf. Retrieval, 2 (1-2), pp. 1-135 PY - 2021 SN - 13865056 (ISSN) ST - Whether the weather will help us weather the COVID-19 pandemic: Using machine learning to measure twitter users’ perceptions T2 - International Journal of Medical Informatics TI - Whether the weather will help us weather the COVID-19 pandemic: Using machine learning to measure twitter users’ perceptions UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096660824&doi=10.1016%2fj.ijmedinf.2020.104340&partnerID=40&md5=c525d0d9bcf0658b1253a097e94f9b0c VL - 145 ID - 219 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: AKI is a common sequela of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, few studies have focused on AKI treated with RRT (AKI-RRT). Methods: We conducted a multicenter cohort study of 3099 critically ill adults with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at 67 hospitals across the United States. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify patient-and hospital-level risk factors for AKI-RRT and to examine risk factors for 28-day mortality among such patients. Results: A total of 637 of 3099 patients (20.6%) developed AKI-RRT within 14 days of ICU admission, 350 of whom (54.9%) died within 28 days of ICU admission. Patient-level risk factors for AKI-RRT included CKD, men, non-White race, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, higher body mass index, higher D-dimer, and greater severity of hypoxemia on ICU admission. Predictors of 28-day mortality in patients with AKI-RRT were older age, severe oliguria, and admission to a hospital with fewer ICU beds or one with greater regional density of COVID-19. At the end of a median follow-up of 17 days (range, 1-123 days), 403 of the 637 patients (63.3%) with AKI-RRT had died, 216 (33.9%) were discharged, and 18 (2.8%) remained hospitalized. Of the 216 patients discharged, 73 (33.8%) remained RRT dependent at discharge, and 39 (18.1%) remained RRT dependent 60 days after ICU admission. Conclusions: AKI-RRT is common among critically ill patients with COVID-19 and is associated with a hospital mortality rate of >60%. Among those who survive to discharge, one in three still depends on RRT at discharge, and one in six remains RRT dependent 60 days after ICU admission. Copyright © 2021 by the American Society of Nephrology. AD - Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Seton Hall, Nutley, NJ, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Heart and Vascular Hospital, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States Division of Nephrology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health Mountainside Medical Center, Glen Ridge, NJ, United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina Kidney Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States Divison of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States Division of Nephrology, Cook County Health, Chicago, IL, United States Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Hyperbaric, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, United States Division of Nephrology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States Division of Nephrology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States Division of Nephrology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, United States Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States Department of Nephrology, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, United States Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Division of Nephrology, Kings County Hospital Center, New York City Health and Hospital Corporation, Brooklyn, NY, United States Research Department, ProMedica Research, ProMedica Toledo Hospital, Toledo, OH, United States Renal and Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bone and Mineral Metabolism, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States Division of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States Division of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States Department of Medicine-Nephrology, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, New York, NY, United States Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States AU - Gupta, S. AU - Coca, S. G. AU - Chan, L. AU - Melamed, M. L. AU - Brenner, S. K. AU - Hayek, S. S. AU - Sutherland, A. AU - Puri, S. AU - Srivastava, A. AU - Leonberg-Yoo, A. AU - Shehata, A. M. AU - Flythe, J. E. AU - Rashidi, A. AU - Schenck, E. J. AU - Goyal, N. AU - Hedayati, S. S. AU - Dy, R. AU - Bansal, A. AU - Athavale, A. AU - Nguyen, H. B. AU - Vijayan, A. AU - Charytan, D. M. AU - Schulze, C. E. AU - Joo, M. J. AU - Friedman, A. N. AU - Zhang, J. AU - Sosa, M. A. AU - Judd, E. AU - Velez, J. C. Q. AU - Mallappallil, M. AU - Redfern, R. E. AU - Bansal, A. D. AU - Neyra, J. A. AU - Liu, K. D. AU - Renaghan, A. D. AU - Christov, M. AU - Molnar, M. Z. AU - Sharma, S. AU - Kamal, O. AU - Boateng, J. O. AU - Short, S. A. P. AU - Admon, A. J. AU - Sise, M. E. AU - Wang, W. AU - Parikh, C. R. AU - Leaf, D. E. AU - Walther, C. P. AU - Anumudu, S. J. AU - Arunthamakun, J. AU - Kopecky, K. F. AU - Milligan, G. P. AU - McCullough, P. A. AU - Nguyen, T. D. AU - Shaefi, S. AU - Krajewski, M. L. AU - Shankar, S. AU - Pannu, A. AU - Valencia, J. D. AU - Waikar, S. S. AU - Kibbelaar, Z. A. AU - Hart, P. AU - Upadhyay, S. AU - Vohra, I. AU - Green, A. AU - Rachoin, J. S. AU - Schorr, C. A. AU - Shea, L. AU - Edmonston, D. L. AU - Mosher, C. L. AU - Cohen, Z. AU - Allusson, V. AU - Bambrick-Santoyo, G. AU - Bhatti, N. U. A. AU - Mehta, B. AU - Williams, A. AU - Walters, P. AU - Go, R. C. AU - Rose, K. M. AU - Lisk, R. AU - Zhou, A. M. AU - Kim, E. C. AU - Mathews, K. S. AU - Altman, D. R. AU - Saha, A. AU - Soh, H. AU - Wen, H. H. AU - Bose, S. AU - Leven, E. A. AU - Wang, J. G. AU - Mosoyan, G. AU - Nadkarni, G. N. AU - Pattharanitima, P. AU - Gallagher, E. J. AU - Guirguis, J. AU - Kapoor, R. AU - Meshberger, C. AU - Kelly, K. J. AU - Garibaldi, B. T. AU - Corona-Villalobos, C. P. AU - Wen, Y. AU - Menez, S. AU - Malik, R. F. AU - Cervantes, E. AU - Gautam, S. AU - Ouyang, J. AU - John, S. AU - Yap, E. AU - Melaku, Y. AU - Mohamed, I. AU - Bajracharya, S. AU - Puri, I. AU - Thaxton, M. AU - Bhattacharya, J. AU - Wagner, J. AU - Boudourakis, L. AU - Ahoubim, A. AU - Thomas, L. F. AU - Sirganagari, D. R. AU - Guru, P. K. AU - Zhou, Y. AU - Bergl, P. A. AU - Rodriguez, J. AU - Shah, J. A. AU - Gupta, M. S. AU - Kumar, P. N. AU - Lazarous, D. G. AU - Kassaye, S. G. AU - Johns, T. S. AU - Mocerino, R. AU - Prudhvi, K. AU - Zhu, D. AU - Levy, R. V. AU - Azzi, Y. AU - Fisher, M. AU - Yunes, M. AU - Sedaliu, K. AU - Golestaneh, L. AU - Brogan, M. AU - Kumar, N. AU - Chang, M. AU - Thakkar, J. AU - Raichoudhury, R. AU - Athreya, A. AU - Farag, M. AU - Cho, S. J. AU - Plataki, M. AU - Alvarez-Mulett, S. L. AU - Gomez-Escobar, L. G. AU - Pan, D. AU - Lee, S. AU - Krishnan, J. AU - Whalen, W. AU - Macina, A. AU - Chaudhry, S. AU - Wu, B. AU - Modersitzki, F. AU - Bhivshet, A. AU - Leidner, A. S. AU - Martinez, C. AU - Kruser, J. M. AU - Wunderink, R. G. AU - Hodakowski, A. J. AU - Price-Haywood, E. G. AU - Matute-Trochez, L. A. AU - Hasty, A. E. AU - Mohamed, M. M. B. AU - Avasare, R. S. AU - Zonies, D. AU - Newman, E. T. AU - Omar, S. A. AU - Pokharel, K. K. AU - Singh, H. AU - Correa, S. AU - Shaukat, T. AU - Lee, H. Y. M. AU - Strohbehn, I. A. AU - Li, J. AU - Mueller, A. L. AU - Cairl, N. S. AU - Naimy, G. AU - Abu-Saif, A. AU - Hall, D. AU - Bickley, L. AU - Rowan, C. AU - Madhai-Lovely, F. AU - Peev, V. AU - Reiser, J. AU - Byun, J. J. AU - Vissing, A. AU - Kapania, E. M. AU - Post, Z. AU - Patel, N. P. AU - Hermes, J. M. AU - Patrawalla, A. AU - Finkel, D. G. AU - Danek, B. A. AU - Arikapudi, S. AU - Paer, J. M. AU - Cangialosi, P. AU - Liotta, M. AU - Radbel, J. AU - Sunderram, J. AU - Scharf, M. T. AU - Ahmed, A. AU - Berim, I. AU - Vatson, J. S. AU - Anand, S. AU - Levitt, J. E. AU - Garcia, P. AU - Boyle, S. M. AU - Song, R. AU - Arif, A. AU - Woo, S. H. AU - Deng, X. AU - Katz-Greenberg, G. AU - Senter, K. AU - Sharshir, M. A. AU - Rusnak, V. V. AU - Ali, M. I. AU - Peters, T. AU - Hughes, K. AU - Podoll, A. S. AU - Chonchol, M. AU - Sharma, S. AU - Burnham, E. L. AU - Hejal, R. AU - Latta, L. AU - Tolwani, A. AU - Albertson, T. E. AU - Adams, J. Y. AU - Chang, S. Y. AU - Beutler, R. M. AU - Macedo, E. AU - Rhee, H. AU - Jotwani, V. K. AU - Koyner, J. L. AU - Shah, C. V. AU - Jaikaransingh, V. AU - Toth-Manikowski, S. M. AU - Lash, J. P. AU - Chaaban, N. AU - Ahmad, Y. AU - Elias, M. AU - Iardino, A. AU - Au, E. H. AU - Sharma, J. H. AU - Taldone, S. AU - Contreras, G. AU - De La Zerda, D. AU - Fornoni, A. AU - Gershengorn, H. B. AU - Blakely, P. AU - Berlin, H. AU - Azam, T. U. AU - Shadid, H. AU - Pan, M. AU - O'Hayer, P. AU - Meloche, C. AU - Feroze, R. AU - Padalia, K. J. AU - Bitar, A. AU - Anderson, E. AU - Donnelly, J. P. AU - Tugman, M. J. AU - Chang, E. H. AU - Brown, B. R. AU - Spiardi, R. C. AU - Miano, T. A. AU - Roche, M. S. AU - Vasquez, C. R. AU - Ernecoff, N. C. AU - Kapoor, S. AU - Verma, S. AU - Chen, H. AU - Kovesdy, C. P. AU - Azhar, A. AU - Nadamuni, M. V. AU - Shastri, S. AU - Willett, D. L. AU - Enfield, K. B. AU - Bhatraju, P. K. AU - Malik, A. B. AU - Semler, M. W. AU - Joy, C. M. AU - Li, T. AU - Goldberg, S. AU - Kao, P. F. AU - Schumaker, G. L. AU - Faugno, A. J. AU - Schumaker, G. L. AU - Hsu, C. M. AU - Tariq, A. AU - Meyer, L. AU - Kshirsagar, R. K. AU - Weiner, D. E. AU - Griffiths, J. AU - Gupta, S. AU - Kapoor, A. AU - Wilson, P. AU - Arora, T. AU - Ugwuowo, U. AU - Investigators, Stop-Covid C2 - 33067383 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1681/ASN.2020060897 IS - 1 J2 - J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. KW - D dimer acute kidney failure adult aged Article body mass cohort analysis coronavirus disease 2019 critically ill patient diabetes mellitus disease severity female follow up hospital admission hospital discharge human hypertension hypoxemia intensive care unit major clinical study male middle aged mortality oliguria priority journal race renal replacement therapy risk factor adolescent clinical trial complication hospital mortality hospitalization incidence intensive care multicenter study statistical model survival rate United States very elderly virology young adult Acute Kidney Injury Aged, 80 and over Cohort Studies COVID-19 Critical Care Humans Logistic Models Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :13 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JASNE Correspondence Address: Leaf, D.E.; Division of Renal Medicine, 75 Francis Street, United States; email: DELEAF@bwh.harvard.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, F32HL149337, R01AG066471 Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, 1R01HL153384-01, U-M G024231 Funding details: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK Funding details: National Kidney Foundation, NKF Funding details: American Society of Nephrology, ASN Funding details: American Thoracic Society, ATS Funding details: Amgen Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding details: Merck Funding details: Baxter International Funding details: Gilead Sciences Funding details: North Carolina GlaxoSmithKline Foundation Funding details: AbbVie Funding details: Horizon Pharma Funding details: PTT Public Company Limited Funding details: Fresenius Medical Care North America, FMCNA Funding details: CareDx Funding text 1: U01DK106962 (to S. Coca), R01DK115562 (to S. Coca), R01HL85757 (to S. Coca), R01DK112258 (to S. Coca), U01OH011326 (to S. Coca), R01DK126477 (to S. Coca), F32DC17342 (to S. Gupta), R01HL144566 (to D. Leaf), R01DK125786 (to D. Leaf), UL1TR001998 (to J. Neyra), R01HL085757 (to C. Parikh), and K23DK120811 (to A. Srivastava). L. Chan reports grants from NIH and Renal Research Institute, outside the submitted work. D. Charytan reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Douglas and London, Fresenius, GSK, Merck, PLC Medical, and Zoll; grants from BioPorto; grants and personal fees from Amgen, Medtronic, Gilead, and NovoNordisk; personal fees and other from Jannssen; and other from Daichi-Sankyo, outside the submitted work. M. Christov is currently employed by New York Medical College, Regen-eron Pharmaceuticals; and reports ownership interest in Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. S. Coca is a cofounder and a member of the advisory board of RenalytixAI, and owns equity in the same. In the past 3 years, he has received consulting fees from Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, CHF Solutions, pulseData, Quark Bio-pharma, Relypsa, RenalytixAI, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals as well as personal fees from inRegen. J. Flythe reports other from American Renal Associates, the American Society of Nephrology, AstraZeneca, Fresenius Medical Care, North America, the National Kidney Foundation, and NxStage Medical; and grants from Renal Research Institute and Fresenius Medical Care, outside the submitted work. A. Friedman is currently a member of the scientific advisory board for GI Dynamics and has consulted for DSMB Watermark. S. Gupta is a scientific co-ordinator for the Anaemia Studies in CKD: Erythropoiesis via a Novel PHI Dap-rodustat (ASCEND) trial (GlaxoSmithKline); and reports personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline and grants from NIH, outside the submitted work. S. Hayek is funded by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) grant 1R01HL153384-01; the Frankel Cardiovascular Center COVID-19: Impact Research Ignitor (U-M G024231) award; and reports personal fees from Trisaq, outside the submitted work. S. Hedayati reports honoraria from the American College of Physicians for participation in Nephrology Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program (MKSAP) and the American Society of Nephrology Post-Graduate Education Program; is a scientific advisor for or reports membership in the American Heart Association; and reports study sections in American College of Physicians (ACP), MKSAP Nephrology Committee and the American Society of Nephrology In-Training Examination Committee. D. Leaf received research support from BioPorto. K. Liu reports grants from NIH: NHLBI and NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK); personal fees from the American Thoracic Society, Astra Zeneca, Baxter, Biomerieux, Durect, Potrero Med, Quark, Theravance, and UpToDate; and other from Amgen and the National Policy Forum on Critical Care and ARF, outside the submitted work. M. Melamed reports personal fees from the American Board of Internal Medicine and Icon Medical Consulting, outside the submitted work. M. Molnar reports personal fees from Abbvie, CareDx, and Natera; and grants from CareDx and Viracor, outside the submitted work. J. Neyra consults for Baxter Health-ercare, Inc. and Renibus Therapeutics, Inc. C. Parikh serves on the board of Renalytix and is a Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) member for Genfit. C. Parikh reports consultancy agreements with Genfit Biopharmaceutical Company; ownership interest in Renaltix AI; research funding from NHLBI and NIDDK; and scientific advisor for or membership in Genfit Biopharmaceutical Company and Renalytix. C. Schulze is a medical director for Davita-Century City home hemodialysis program. M. Sise receives research funding from Abbvie, Gilead, MEDSerono, and Merck; honoraria from the International Society of Hemodialysis–Hemodialysis University Lecture; consultsforBioPorto; and serves on the scientific advisory board for Abbvie and Gilead. A. Srivastava received grants from N H/NIDDK and personal fees from Horizon Pharma, Public Limited Company, AstraZeneca, and CVS Caremark. J. Velez is currently employed by Ochsner Clinic Foundation; reports consultancy agreements with Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals; reports honoraria from Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals and Ot-suka; is a scientific advisor for or reports membership in Mallinckrodt Advisory Board and Retrophin Advisory Board; and speakers bureau: Otsuka Pharmaceuticals. A. Vijayan reports consultancy agreements with Boehringer Ingelheim, NxStage, and Sanofi; reports research funding from Astellas; reports spectral honoraria from Astute and Sanofi; is a scientific advisor for or reports membership in NxStage; and is a member of the National Kidney Foundation. All remaining authors have nothing to disclose. Funding text 2: The authors of the writing committee are supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants F32HL149337 (to A. Admon), R01AG066471 (to L. Chan) References: Clerkin, KJ, Fried, JA, Raikhelkar, J, Sayer, G, Griffin, JM, Masoumi, A, COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease (2020) Circulation, 141, pp. 1648-1655; Shi, S, Qin, M, Shen, B, Cai, Y, Liu, T, Yang, F, Association of cardiac injury with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Cardiol, 5, pp. 802-810; Guan, W-J, Ni, Z-Y, Hu, Y, Liang, WH, Ou, CQ, He, JX, China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19: Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1708-1720; Cheng, Y, Luo, R, Wang, K, Zhang, M, Wang, Z, Dong, L, Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 (2020) Kidney Int, 97, pp. 829-838; Hirsch, JS, Ng, JH, Ross, DW, Sharma, P, Shah, HH, Barnett, RL, Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium; Northwell Nephrology COVID-19 Research Consortium: Acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (2020) Kidney Int, 98, pp. 209-218; Chan, L, Coca, S, Acute kidney injury in the time of COVID-19 (2020) Kidney, 3601, pp. 588-590; Su, H, Yang, M, Wan, C, Yi, LX, Tang, F, Zhu, HY, Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China (2020) Kidney Int, 98, pp. 219-227; Batlle, D, Soler, MJ, Sparks, MA, Hiremath, S, South, AM, Welling, PA, COVID-19 and ACE2 in Cardiovascular, Lung, and Kidney Working Group: Acute kidney injury in COVID-19: Emerging evidence of a distinct pathophysiology (2020) J Am Soc Nephrol, 31, pp. 1380-1383; Farkash, EA, Wilson, AM, Jentzen, JM, Ultrastructural evidence for direct renal infection with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J Am Soc Nephrol, 31, pp. 1683-1687; Mohamed, MMB, Lukitsch, I, Torres-Ortiz, AE, Walker, JB, Varghese, V, Hernandez-Arroyo, CF, Acute kidney injury associated with coronavirus disease 2019 in urban New Orleans (2020) Kidney3601, pp. 614-622; Lili, Chan, Kumardeep, Chaudhary, Aparna, Saha, Kinsuk, Chauhan, Akhil, Vaid, Shan, Zhao, AKI in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (2020) JASN, 31 (9), pp. 2145-2157. , ASN.2020050615; Manns, B, Doig, CJ, Lee, H, Dean, S, Tonelli, M, Johnson, D, Cost of acute renal failure requiring dialysis in the intensive care unit: Clinical and resource implications of renal recovery (2003) Crit Care Med, 31, pp. 449-455; Metnitz, PGH, Krenn, CG, Steltzer, H, Lang, T, Ploder, J, Lenz, K, Effect of acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy on outcome in critically ill patients (2002) Crit Care Med, 30, pp. 2051-2058; Allegretti, AS, Steele, DJR, David-Kasdan, JA, Bajwa, E, Niles, JL, Bhan, I, Continuous renal replacement therapy outcomes in acute kidney injury and end-stage renal disease: A cohort study (2013) Crit Care, 17, p. R109; Gupta, S, Hayek, SS, Wang, W, Chan, L, Mathews, KS, Melamed, ML, Factors associated with death among critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in the US [published online ahead of print July 15, 2020] JAMA Intern Med; Levey, AS, Stevens, LA, Estimating GFR using the CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation: More accurate GFR estimates, lower CKD prevalence estimates, and better risk predictions (2010) Am J Kidney Dis, 55, pp. 622-627; Dewitte, A, Joannès-Boyau, O, Sidobre, C, Fleureau, C, Bats, ML, Derache, P, Kinetic eGFR and novel AKI biomarkers to predict renal recovery (2015) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 10, pp. 1900-1910; Cortazar, FB, Marrone, KA, Troxell, ML, Ralto, KM, Hoenig, MP, Brahmer, JR, Clinicopathological features of acute kidney injury associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (2016) Kidney Int, 90, pp. 638-647; Pei, G, Zhang, Z, Peng, J, Liu, L, Zhang, C, Yu, C, Renal involvement and early prognosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (2020) J Am Soc Nephrol, 31, pp. 1157-1165; Liang, KY, Zeger, SL, Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models (1986) Biometrika, 73, pp. 13-22; Xie, Y, Ankawi, G, Yang, B, Garzotto, F, Passannante, A, Breglia, A, Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) c IGF-binding protein-7 (IGFBP7) levels are associated with adverse outcomes in patients in the intensive care unit with acute kidney injury (2019) Kidney Int, 95, pp. 1486-1493; Leaf, DE, Rajapurkar, M, Lele, SS, Mukhopadhyay, B, Rawn, JD, Frendl, G, Increased plasma catalytic iron in patients may mediate acute kidney injury and death following cardiac surgery (2015) Kidney Int, 87, pp. 1046-1054; McIlroy, DR, Bellomo, R, Billings, FT, Karkouti, K, Prowle, JR, Shaw, AD, Systematic review and consensus definitions for the Standardised Endpoints in Perioperative Medicine (StEP) initiative: Renal endpoints (2018) Br J Anaesth, 121, pp. 1013-1024; Leaf, DE, Waikar, SS, End points for clinical trials in acute kidney injury (2017) Am J Kidney Dis, 69, pp. 108-116; Demirjian, S, Chertow, GM, Zhang, JH, O'Connor, TZ, Vitale, J, Paganini, EP, VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network: Model to predict mortality in critically ill adults with acute kidney injury (2011) Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 6, pp. 2114-2120; Intensive Care National Audit & Research: ICNARC report on COVID-19 in critical care, 2020, , https://www.icnarc.org/Our-Audit/Audits/Cmp/Reports, Accessed August 5, 2020; Sood, MM, Rigatto, C, Zarychanski, R, Komenda, P, Sood, AR, Bueti, J, Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients infected with 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1): Report from a Canadian province (2010) Am J Kidney Dis, 55, pp. 848-855; Jung, JY, Park, BH, Hong, SB, Koh, Y, Suh, GY, Jeon, K, Acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with pandemic influenza A pneumonia 2009 in Korea: A multicenter study (2011) J Crit Care, 26, pp. 577-585; Demirjian, SG, Raina, R, Bhimraj, A, Navaneethan, SD, Gordon, SM, Schreiber, MJ, 2009 influenza A infection and acute kidney injury: Incidence, riskfactors, and complications (2011) Am J Nephrol, 34, pp. 1-8; Danziger, J, Chen, KP, Lee, J, Feng, M, Mark, RG, Celi, LA, Obesity, acute kidney injury, and mortality in critical illness (2016) Crit Care Med, 44, pp. 328-334; Hoste, EAJ, Lameire, NH, Vanholder, RC, Benoit, DD, Decruyenaere, JMA, Colardyn, FA, Acuterenal failure in patients withsepsis in a surgical ICU: Predictive factors, incidence, comorbidity, and outcome (2003) J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, pp. 1022-1030; Hsu, CY, Ordoñez, JD, Chertow, GM, Fan, D, McCulloch, CE, Go, AS, The risk of acute renal failure in patients with chronickidney disease (2008) Kidney Int, 74, pp. 101-107; Schmitt, R, Coca, S, Kanbay, M, Tinetti, ME, Cantley, LG, Parikh, CR, Recovery of kidney function after acute kidney injury in the elderly: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2008) Am J Kidney Dis, 52, pp. 262-271; Ishani, A, Xue, JL, Himmelfarb, J, Eggers, PW, Kimmel, PL, Molitoris, BA, Acute kidney injury increases risk of ESRD among elderly (2009) J Am Soc Nephrol, 20, pp. 223-228; Valley, TS, Nallamothu, BK, Heung, M, Iwashyna, TJ, Cooke, CR, Hospital variation in renal replacement therapy for sepsis in the United States (2018) Crit Care Med, 46, pp. e158-e165; Zampieri, FG, Salluh, JIF, Azevedo, LCP, Kahn, JM, Damiani, LP, Borges, LP, ORCHESTRA Study Investigators: ICU staffing feature phenotypes and their relationship with patients' outcomes: An unsupervised machine learning analysis (2019) Intensive Care Med, 45, pp. 1599-1607; Kahn, JM, Goss, CH, Heagerty, PJ, Kramer, AA, O'Brien, CR, Rubenfeld, GD, Hospital volume and the outcomes of mechanical ventilation (2006) N Engl J Med, 355, pp. 41-50; Nguyen, YL, Wallace, DJ, Yordanov, Y, Trinquart, L, Blomkvist, J, Angus, DC, The volume-outcome relationship in critical care: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) Chest, 148, pp. 79-92; Vaara, ST, Reinikainen, M, Kaukonen, K-M, Pettilä, V, Association of ICU size and annual case volume of renal replacement therapy patients with mortality (2012) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 56, pp. 1175-1182. , Finnish Intensive Care Consortium; Chimunda, T, Silver, SA, Kuwornu, JP, Li, L, Nash, DM, Dixon, SN, Hospital case volume and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury treated with dialysis (2018) J Crit Care, 48, pp. 276-282; Uchino, S, Bellomo, R, Morimatsu, H, Morgera, S, Schetz, M, Tan, I, Continuous renal replacement therapy: A worldwide practice survey. The beginning and ending supportive therapy for the kidney (B.E.S.T. kidney) investigators (2007) Intensive Care Med, 33, pp. 1563-1570; Cole, L, Bellomo, R, Silvester, W, Reeves, JH, A prospective, multicenter study of the epidemiology, management, and outcome of severe acute renal failure in a "closed" ICU system (2000) Am J RespirCrit Care Med, 162, pp. 191-196 PY - 2021 SN - 10466673 (ISSN) SP - 161-176 ST - AKI treated with renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 T2 - Journal of the American Society of Nephrology TI - AKI treated with renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098657234&doi=10.1681%2fASN.2020060897&partnerID=40&md5=b57b37c9edfe8c406055eccad0ce17df VL - 32 ID - 206 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses societal challenges that require expeditious data and knowledge sharing. Though organizational clinical data are abundant, these are largely inaccessible to outside researchers. Statistical, machine learning, and causal analyses are most successful with large-scale data beyond what is available in any given organization. Here, we introduce the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), an open science community focused on analyzing patient-level data from many centers. Materials and Methods: The Clinical and Translational Science Award Program and scientific community created N3C to overcome technical, regulatory, policy, and governance barriers to sharing and harmonizing individual-level clinical data. We developed solutions to extract, aggregate, and harmonize data across organizations and data models, and created a secure data enclave to enable efficient, transparent, and reproducible collaborative analytics. Results: Organized in inclusive workstreams, we created legal agreements and governance for organizations and researchers; data extraction scripts to identify and ingest positive, negative, and possible COVID-19 cases; a data quality assurance and harmonization pipeline to create a single harmonized dataset; population of the secure data enclave with data, machine learning, and statistical analytics tools; dissemination mechanisms; and a synthetic data pilot to democratize data access. Conclusions: The N3C has demonstrated that a multisite collaborative learning health network can overcome barriers to rapidly build a scalable infrastructure incorporating multiorganizational clinical data for COVID-19 analytics. We expect this effort to save lives by enabling rapid collaboration among clinicians, researchers, and data scientists to identify treatments and specialized care and thereby reduce the immediate and long-Term impacts of COVID-19. © 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. AD - Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States Translational and Integrative Sciences Center, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States Schools of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States Section of Informatics and Data Science, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States School of Library and Information Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, United States Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Institute for Informatics, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (NC TraCS), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Tufts Medical Center Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Research Institute, San diego, CA, United States Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Raritan, NJ, United States University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States University of Iowa Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States National Center for Advancing Translational Science, Bethesda, MD, United States Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States IQVIA, Durham, NC, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States TriNetX, Cambridge, MA, United States Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, United States Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Palantir Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, United States Division of Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Science, Bethesda, MD, United States National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Office of Strategic Alliances, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States Office of the Director, National Center for Advancing Translational Science, Bethesda, MD, United States AU - Haendel, M. A. AU - Chute, C. G. AU - Bennett, T. D. AU - Eichmann, D. A. AU - Guinney, J. AU - Kibbe, W. A. AU - Payne, P. R. O. AU - Pfaff, E. R. AU - Robinson, P. N. AU - Saltz, J. H. AU - Spratt, H. AU - Suver, C. AU - Wilbanks, J. AU - Wilcox, A. B. AU - Williams, A. E. AU - Wu, C. AU - Blacketer, C. AU - Bradford, R. L. AU - Cimino, J. J. AU - Clark, M. AU - Colmenares, E. W. AU - Francis, P. A. AU - Gabriel, D. AU - Graves, A. AU - Hemadri, R. AU - Hong, S. S. AU - Hripscak, G. AU - Jiao, D. AU - Klann, J. G. AU - Kostka, K. AU - Lee, A. M. AU - Lehmann, H. P. AU - Lingrey, L. AU - Miller, R. T. AU - Morris, M. AU - Murphy, S. N. AU - Natarajan, K. AU - Palchuk, M. B. AU - Sheikh, U. AU - Solbrig, H. AU - Visweswaran, S. AU - Walden, A. AU - Walters, K. M. AU - Weber, G. M. AU - Zhang, X. T. AU - Zhu, R. L. AU - Amor, B. AU - Girvin, A. T. AU - Manna, A. AU - Qureshi, N. AU - Kurilla, M. G. AU - Michael, S. G. AU - Portilla, L. M. AU - Rutter, J. L. AU - Austin, C. P. AU - Gersing, K. R. C2 - 32805036 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/jamia/ocaa196 IS - 3 J2 - J. Am. Med. Informatics Assoc. KW - clinical data model harmonization collaborative analytics COVID-19 EHR data open science SARS-CoV-2 computer security data analysis government regulation human information dissemination intersectoral collaboration national health organization organization and management professional standard United States Data Science Ethics Committees, Research Humans National Institutes of Health (U.S.) LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :4 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JAMAF Correspondence Address: Haendel, M.A.; Linus Pauling Science CenterUnited States; email: melissa@tislab.org References: COVID-19 Map, , https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center. Accessed July 12, 2020; Kissler, SM, Tedijanto, C, Goldstein, E, Projecting the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 through the postpandemic period (2020) Science, 368 (6493), p. 860. , 8; Williamson, EJ, Walker, AJ, Bhaskaran, K, Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 430-436; Visweswaran, S, Becich, MJ, D Itri, VS, Accrual to Clinical Trials (ACT): A Clinical and Translational Science Award Consortium Network (2018) JAMIA Open, 1 (2). , 147 52; Fleurence, RL, Curtis, LH, Califf, RM, Launching PCORnet, a national patient-centered clinical research network (2014) J Am Med Inform Assoc, 21 (4). , 578 82; Hripcsak, G, Duke, JD, Shah, NH, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI): opportunities for observational researchers (2015) Stud Health Technol Inform, 216, p. 574. , 8; Findlay, S., The FDA s Sentinel Initiative (2015) Health Policy Brief, , https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hpb20150604.936915/full/healthpolicybrief_139.pdf, Health Affairs Accessed June 7, 2020; Topaloglu, U, Palchuk, MB., Using a federated network of real-world data to optimize clinical trials operations (2018) JCO Clin Cancer Inform, 2 (2). , 1 10; Brat, GA, Weber, GM, Gehlenborg, N, International electronic health record-derived COVID-19 clinical course profiles: The 4CE consortium (2020) npj Digit Med, 3, p. 109; Carton, TW, Marsolo, K, Block, JP., PCORnet COVID-19 common data model design and results (2020) Zenodo, , Jun 16; Rajkomar, A, Dean, J, Kohane, I., Machine learning in medicine (2019) N Engl J Med, 380 (14), pp. 1347-1358; Yu, K-H, Beam, AL, Kohane, IS., Artificial intelligence in healthcare (2018) Nat Biomed Eng, 2 (10), p. 719. , 31; Kramer, WG, Perentesis, G, Affrime, MB, Pharmacokinetics of dilevalol in normotensive and hypertensive volunteers (1989) Am J Cardiol, 63 (19), p. 7. , I 11I; Obermeyer, Z, Emanuel, EJ., Predicting the future big data, machine learning, and clinical medicine (2016) N Engl J Med, 375 (13), p. 1216. , 9; Wang, Y, Zhao, Y, Therneau, TM, Unsupervised machine learning for the discovery of latent disease clusters and patient subgroups using electronic health records (2020) J Biomed Inform, 102, p. 103364; Li, T, Sahu, AK, Talwalkar, A, Federated learning: challenges, methods, and future directions (2020) IEEE Signal Process Mag, 37 (3). , 50 60; Zerka, F, Barakat, S, Walsh, S, Systematic review of privacypreserving distributed machine learning from federated databases in health care (2020) JCO Clin Cancer Inform, 4 (4), pp. 184-200; Liu, P, Qi, J, Federated machine learning: concept and applications (2019) ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol, 10 (6), p. 119; Brisimi, TS, Chen, R, Mela, T, Federated learning of predictive models from federated Electronic Health Records (2018) Int J Med Inform, 112, pp. 59-67; Mehra, MR, Desai, SS, Ruschitzka, F, Patel, AN., Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: A multinational registry analysis (2020) Lancet, , May 22; Mehra, MR, Desai, SS, Kuy, S, Retraction: cardiovascular disease, drug therapy, and mortality in Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (25), p. e102; Wilkinson, MD, Dumontier, M, Aalbersberg, IJJ, The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship (2016) Sci Data, 3 (1), p. 160018; (2015) National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, , https://ncats.nih.gov/ctsa/about/hubs, CTSA Program Hubs. Accessed June 13, 2020; Phenotype_Data_Acquisition, , https://github.com/National-COVID-Cohort-Collaborative/Phenotype_Data_Acquisition, GitHub Accessed June 20, 2020; https://ncats.nih.gov/, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Accessed June 7, 2020; https://ctsa.ncats.nih.gov/cd2h/, CD2H. Accessed June 7, 2020; https://www.researchallofus.org/, All of Us Research Hub. Accessed June 18, 2020; https://humantumoratlas.org/, Human Tumor Atlas Network. Accessed June 18, 2020; Grayson, S, Suver, C, Wilbanks, J, Open Data Sharing in the 21st Century: Sage Bionetworks Qualified Research Program and Its Application in mHealth Data Release, , SSRN 2019 Jan 19 [E-pub ahead of print]; Regulatory & Ethics Toolkit, , https://www.ga4gh.org/genomic-data-Toolkit/regulatory-ethics-Toolkit/, Global Alliance for Genomics and Health. Accessed June 18, 2020; Data Access Compliance Office, , https://icgc.org/daco, Accessed June 18, 2020; i2b2: Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside, , https://www.i2b2.org/, Accessed June 18, 2020; PY - 2021 SN - 10675027 (ISSN) SP - 427-443 ST - The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C): Rationale, design, infrastructure, and deployment T2 - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association TI - The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C): Rationale, design, infrastructure, and deployment UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85091994547&doi=10.1093%2fjamia%2focaa196&partnerID=40&md5=a4bc4ed7e072ae40e7a2bd0cced2c385 VL - 28 ID - 101 ER - TY - JOUR AD - UMass Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, United States Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Christ Church, Barbados National Institutes for Health, Bethesda, MD, United States AU - Haessler, S. D. AU - Babcock, H. M. AU - Hayden, M. K. AU - Van Schooneveld, T. AU - Weber, D. J. AU - Malani, A. AU - Murthy, R. AU - Guzman-Cottrill, J. A. AU - Wright, S. B. AU - Rock, C. AU - Forde, C. A. AU - Logan, L. K. AU - Henderson, D. K. C2 - 32900405 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1017/ice.2020.456 IS - 3 J2 - Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. KW - neutralizing antibody coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 nucleic acid testing human Note patient care survivor virus replication virus shedding diagnosis health care delivery organization and management practice guideline therapy United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. COVID-19 COVID-19 Testing Delivery of Health Care Humans Practice Guidelines as Topic SARS-CoV-2 Survivors LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ICEPE Correspondence Address: Haessler, S.D.; UMass Medical School-BaystateUnited States; email: sarah.haessler@baystatehealth.org References: Discontinuation of transmission-based precautions and disposition of patients with COVID-19 in healthcare settings (interim guidance) (2020) Us Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/disposition-hospitalized-patients.html, Updated August 10,. Accessed August 15, 2020; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Sethuraman, N., Jeremiah, S.S., Ryo, A., Interpreting diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Jama, 323, p. 2249; (2020) Period of Infectivity to Inform Strategies for De-isolation for COVID-19 Patients, , https://www.ams.edu.sg/view-pdf.aspx?file=media%5c5556_fi_331.pdf&ofile=Period+of+Infectivity+Position+Statement+(final)+23-5-20+(logos).pdf, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Academy of Medicine, Singapore, website Updated May 23,. Accessed July 6, 2020; Duration of isolation and precautions for adults with COVID-19 (2020) Us Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fcommunity%2Fstrategy-discontinue-isolation.html, Updated July 22,. Accessed August 15, 2020; (2020) Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website, , https://www.cdc.go.kr/board/board.es?mid=a30402000000&bid=0030, Updated May 19,. Accessed June 19, 2020; Van Kampen, J.J.A., Van De Vijver, D.A.M.C., Fraaij, P.L.A., Shedding of infectious virus in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): Duration and key determinants (2020) Infect Dis PY - 2021 SN - 0899823X (ISSN) SP - 332-333 ST - Organizational strategies for managing COVID-19 survivors who return for care T2 - Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology TI - Organizational strategies for managing COVID-19 survivors who return for care UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094156704&doi=10.1017%2fice.2020.456&partnerID=40&md5=99537e953a9d37ab7d0fa82e80848fd2 VL - 42 ID - 99 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel HillNC AU - Halperin, D. T. C2 - 33587876 DB - Scopus DO - 10.7326/L20-1282 IS - 2 J2 - Ann Intern Med KW - asymptomatic disease Coronavirus infection human prevalence Asymptomatic Diseases Coronavirus Infections COVID-19 Humans SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2021 SN - 15393704 (ISSN) SP - 283 ST - Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection T2 - Annals of internal medicine TI - Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101425730&doi=10.7326%2fL20-1282&partnerID=40&md5=2e6e0aa3621357096cb5009e27f0758c VL - 174 ID - 116 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak initiated the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulting in 42.9 million confirmed infections and > 1.1 million deaths worldwide as of October 26, 2020. Remdesivir is a broad-spectrum nucleotide prodrug shown to be effective against enzootic coronaviruses. The pharmacokinetics (PKs) of remdesivir in plasma have recently been described. However, the distribution of its active metabolite nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) to the site of pulmonary infection is unknown in humans. Our objective was to use existing in vivo mouse PK data for remdesivir and its metabolites to develop a mechanism-based model to allometrically scale and simulate the human PK of remdesivir in plasma and NTP in lung homogenate. Remdesivir and GS-441524 concentrations in plasma and total phosphorylated nucleoside concentrations in lung homogenate from Ces1c−/− mice administered 25 or 50 mg/kg of remdesivir subcutaneously were simultaneously fit to estimate PK parameters. The mouse PK model was allometrically scaled to predict human PK parameters to simulate the clinically recommended 200 mg loading dose followed by 100 mg daily maintenance doses administered as 30-minute intravenous infusions. Simulations of unbound remdesivir concentrations in human plasma were below 2.48 μM, the 90% maximal inhibitory concentration for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition in vitro. Simulations of NTP in the lungs were below high efficacy in vitro thresholds. We have identified a need for alternative dosing strategies to achieve more efficacious concentrations of NTP in human lungs, perhaps by reformulating remdesivir for direct pulmonary delivery. © 2020 The Authors. CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. AD - Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Hanafin, P. O. AU - Jermain, B. AU - Hickey, A. J. AU - Kabanov, A. V. AU - Kashuba, A. D. M. AU - Sheahan, T. P. AU - Rao, G. G. C2 - 33296558 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/psp4.12584 IS - 2 J2 - CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. KW - nucleoside triphosphate remdesivir adenosine phosphate alanine antivirus agent allometry animal experiment animal model animal tissue Article coronavirus disease 2019 disease simulation drug bioavailability drug clearance drug elimination IC50 IC90 in vitro study in vivo study inhibition constant lung homogenate maximum plasma concentration mouse nonhuman pharmacokinetic parameters Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 simulation animal C57BL mouse cell culture drug effect drug therapy female human knockout mouse metabolism respiratory mucosa species difference Adenosine Monophosphate Animals Antiviral Agents Cells, Cultured COVID-19 Humans Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Models, Animal Species Specificity LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Rao, G.G.; Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, United States; email: gaurirao@live.unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: remdesivir, 1809249-37-3; adenosine phosphate, 61-19-8, 8063-98-7; alanine, 56-41-7, 6898-94-8; Adenosine Monophosphate; Alanine; Antiviral Agents; remdesivir Funding details: Gilead Sciences Funding text 1: No funding was received for this work. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed by CRO Jackson laboratories and the study was designed and paid for by Gilead Sciences. The PK data were publicly available and were re-analyzed herein. Neither entity played a role in the preparation or interpretation of the data in this paper. References: Lai, C.-C., Shih, T.-P., Ko, W.-C., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges (2020) Int J Antimicrob Agents, 55, p. 105924; Li, W., Moore, M.J., Vasilieva, N., Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the SARS coronavirus (2003) Nature, 426, pp. 450-454; Hamming, I., Timens, W., Bulthuis, M.L., Lely, A.T., Navis, G.V., van Goor, H., Tissue distribution of ACE2 protein, the functional receptor for SARS coronavirus. A first step in understanding SARS pathogenesis (2004) J Pathol, 203, pp. 631-637; Hou, Y.J., Okuda, K., Edwards, C.E., SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics reveals a variable infection gradient in the respiratory tract (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446; Guo, Y.R., Cao, Q.D., Hong, Z.S., The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak – an update on the status (2020) Mil Med Res, 7, p. 11; Shi, H., Han, X., Jiang, N., Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 425-434; Ñamendys-Silva, S.A., Respiratory support for patients with COVID-19 infection (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8; Warren, T.K., Jordan, R., Lo, M.K., Therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule GS-5734 against Ebola virus in rhesus monkeys (2016) Nature, 531, pp. 381-385; Mulangu, S., Dodd, L.E., Davey, R.T., A randomized, controlled trial of Ebola virus disease therapeutics (2019) N Engl J Med, 381, pp. 2293-2303; Grein, J., Ohmagari, N., Shin, D., Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 2327-2336; Agostini, M.L., Andres, E.L., Sims, A.C., Coronavirus susceptibility to the antiviral remdesivir (GS-5734) is mediated by the viral polymerase and the proofreading exoribonuclease (2018) MBio, 9, pp. e00221-e318; Brown, A.J., Won, J.J., Graham, R.L., Broad spectrum antiviral remdesivir inhibits human endemic and zoonotic deltacoronaviruses with a highly divergent RNA dependent RNA polymerase (2019) Antiviral Res, 169, p. 104541; Sheahan, T.P., Sims, A.C., Graham, R.L., Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses (2017) Sci. Transl. Med, 9; (2020) Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of Veklury (remdesivir); Spinner, C.D., Gottlieb, R.L., Criner, G.J., Effect of remdesivir vs standard care on clinical status at 11 days in patients with moderate COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 1048-1057; Sun, D., Remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19: combination of pulmonary and IV administration may offer additional benefit (2020) AAPS J, 22, p. 77; Gordon, C.J., Tchesnokov, E.P., Woolner, E., Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potency (2020) J Biol Chem, 295, pp. 6785-6797; (2020) FDA Approves First Treatment for COVID-19, , https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-covid-19, FDA; Beigel, J.H., Tomashek, K.M., Dodd, L.E., Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 — final report (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 1813-1826; Goldman, J.D., Lye, D.C.B., Hui, D.S., Remdesivir for 5 or 10 days in patients with severe Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 1827-1837. , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2015301; Wang, Y., Zhang, D., Du, G., Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1569-1578; Humeniuk, R., Mathias, A., Cao, H., Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of remdesivir, an antiviral for treatment of COVID-19, in healthy subjects Clin Transl Sci, , https://doi.org/10.1111/cts.12840; Adolph, E.F., Quantitative relations in the physiological constitutions of mammals (1949) Science, 109, pp. 579-585; Sharma, V., McNeill, J.H., To scale or not to scale: the principles of dose extrapolation (2009) Br J Pharmacol, 157, pp. 907-921; Poulin, P., Jones, H.M., Do Jones, R., PhRMA CPCDC initiative on predictive models of human pharmacokinetics, part 1: goals, properties of the phrma dataset, and comparison with literature datasets (2011) J Pharm Sci, 100, pp. 4050-4073; Pruijssers, A.J., George, A.S., Schäfer, A., Remdesivir inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells and chimeric SARS-CoV expressing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase in mice (2020) Cell Rep, 32, p. 107940; Alskär, O., Karlsson, M.O., Kjellsson, M.C., Model-based interspecies scaling of glucose homeostasis: model-based interspecies scaling of glucose homeostasis (2017) CPT Pharmacomet Syst Pharmacol, 6, pp. 778-786; D’Argenio, D., Schumitzky, A., Wang, X., (2009) ADAPT 5 user’s guide: pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic systems analysis software, , (Biomedical Simulations Resource, Los Angeles, CA; (2020) Summary on compassionate use: Remdesivir Gilead, , https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/summary-compassionate-use-remdesivir-gilead_en.pdf; Wang, M., Cao, R., Zhang, L., Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro (2020) Cell Res, 30, pp. 269-271; Fan, J., Zhang, X., Liu, J., Connecting hydroxychloroquine in vitro antiviral activity to in vivo concentration for prediction of antiviral effect: a critical step in treating COVID-19 patients Clin Infect Dis, , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa623; Nair, A.B., Jacob, S., A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human (2016) J Basic Clin Pharm, 7, pp. 27-31; Houston, J.B., Taylor, G., Drug metabolite concentration-time profiles: influence of route of drug administration (1984) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 17, pp. 385-394; Martines, R.B., Ritter, J.M., Matkovic, E., Gary, J., Bollweg, B.C., Bullock, H., Pathology and pathogenesis of fatal COVID-19 cases associated with SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26, pp. 2005-2015; Korzekwa, K., Nagar, S., Drug distribution Part 2. Predicting volume of distribution from plasma protein binding and membrane partitioning (2017) Pharm Res, 34, pp. 544-551; Woodnutt, G., Berry, V., Mizen, L., Effect of protein binding on penetration of beta-lactams into rabbit peripheral lymph (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 39, pp. 2678-2683; Swinney, D.C., Molecular Mechanism of Action (MMoA) in drug discovery (2011) Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry, 46, pp. 301-317. , Elsevier, New York, NY; Strasfeld, L., Chou, S., Antiviral drug resistance: mechanisms and clinical implications (2010) Infect Dis Clin North Am, 24, pp. 413-437; Mulay, A., Konda, B., Garcia, G., (2020) SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary human lung epithelium for COVID-19 modeling and drug discovery, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.29.174623, bioRxiv; Ehre, C., SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway cells (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, p. 969; Amantana, A., Chen, Y., Tyavanagimatt, S.R., Pharmacokinetics and interspecies allometric scaling of ST-246, an oral antiviral therapeutic for treatment of orthopoxvirus infection (2013) PLoS One, 8; Li, B., Sedlacek, M., Manoharan, I., Butyrylcholinesterase, paraoxonase, and albumin esterase, but not carboxylesterase, are present in human plasma (2005) Biochem Pharmacol, 70, pp. 1673-1684; Cundy, K.C., Barditch-Crovo, P., Walker, R.E., Clinical pharmacokinetics of adefovir in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 39, pp. 2401-2405; Wachsman, M., Petty, B.G., Cundy, K.C., Pharmacokinetics, safety and bioavailability of HPMPC (cidofovir) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects (1996) Antiviral Res, 29, pp. 153-161 PY - 2021 SN - 21638306 (ISSN) SP - 89-99 ST - A mechanism-based pharmacokinetic model of remdesivir leveraging interspecies scaling to simulate COVID-19 treatment in humans T2 - CPT: Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology TI - A mechanism-based pharmacokinetic model of remdesivir leveraging interspecies scaling to simulate COVID-19 treatment in humans UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099976752&doi=10.1002%2fpsp4.12584&partnerID=40&md5=b7189428dd10df82722ba4061c0e121e VL - 10 ID - 121 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted autism research and services. Early career researchers (ECRs) are particularly vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic on job security and career development. The goal of this study was to capture the challenges ECRs are facing during the pandemic and the supports that are needed for career development and research. ECRs were invited to complete an online survey that focused on four major areas; the impact of COVID-19 on their research; changes in productivity due to COVID-19; changes to training due to COVID-19; and current mental health. 150 ECRs were eligible and provided sufficient data for inclusion. All but one ECRs reported their research had been negatively impacted by the pandemic. Reductions in productivity were reported by 85% of ECRs. The biggest impacts included recruitment of participants, increased needs at home and personal mental health. ECRs reported a 3-fold increase in burnout, as well as increased anxiety. ECR supports, such as funding, flexibility, and tenure extensions, are required to ensure ASD research does not suffer from a “lost generation” of researchers. Lay Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had negative impacts on research around the world. Loss of productivity impedes autism research discoveries. However, researchers in the earliest phases of their career, specifically postdoctoral fellows through individuals in assistant professor (or equivalent) positions, are particularly vulnerable to long-lasting effects of pandemic-related disruptions which may limit their ability to continue as autism researchers. This survey highlights the needs of this group and identifies mechanisms by which these early career researchers may be supported in this time. This is critical to ensure the next generation of ASD researchers and clinician scientists continue on the path to advancing understanding of autism in the decades to come. © 2021 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC. AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Allied Health Science, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Rutgers University, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Piscataway, NJ, United States Duke University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Durham, NC, United States Autism Science Foundation, Scarsdale, NY, United States Rutgers University, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Piscataway, NJ, United States AU - Harrop, C. AU - Bal, V. AU - Carpenter, K. AU - Halladay, A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/aur.2503 J2 - Autism Res. KW - autism research COVID-19 early career researchers LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Harrop, C.; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States; email: clare_harrop@med.unc.edu Funding details: Autism Science Foundation, ASF Funding details: American Sephardi Federation, ASF, 2834568 Funding text 1: Special thanks to Joan New of Autism Speaks and Autism Science Foundation for distributing the survey and to all the ECRs who took time out of their already limited schedules to complete this survey. This work was supported by KL2TR002490 (C.H.); 5K23MH115166 (V.H.B.); 1P50HD093074 and ASF #2834568 (K.C.) and the Autism Science Foundation (A.H.). References: Alon, T., Doepke, M., Olmstead-Rumsey, J., Tertilt, M., (2020) The impact of COVID-19 on gender equality; Amaral, D.G., de Vries, P.J., COVID-19 and autism research: Perspectives from around the globe (2020) Autism Research, 13, pp. 844-869. , https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2329, June 1); (2008) Sandwich generation moms feeling the squeeze, , Massachusetts, MA, Amercian Psychological Association, Retrieved from https//www.apa.org/topics/sandwich-generation; Andersen, J.P., Nielsen, M.W., Simone, N.L., Lewiss, R.E., Jagsi, R., Meta-research: COVID-19 medical papers have fewer women first authors than expected (2020) eLife, 9, pp. 1-7. , https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.58807; Andrews, M., Who is being heard? Response bias in open-ended responses in a large government employee survey (2005) 60th Annual Conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, pp. pp. 3760-3766). , In Methods A-ASoSR (ed.),, AAPOR - ASA Section on Survey Research Methods, Miami Beach, FL, AAPOR - ASA Section on Survey Research Methods; Antecol, H., Bedard, K., Stearns, J., Equal but inequitable: Who benefits from gender-neutral tenure clock stopping policies? (2018) American Economic Review, 108, pp. 2420-2441. , https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20160613, September 1); Bal,, V.H., Taylor,, L.J., Advancing understanding of adults: The role of diagnostic confirmation and sample description (2019) Autism, 23 (4), pp. 807-810. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361319847547; (2021) The Impact of Covid-19 on Working Parents, , https://www.catalyst.org/research/impact-covid-working-parents/, Retrieved from; Cech, E.A., Blair-Loy, M., The changing career trajectories of new parents in STEM (2019) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116 (10), pp. 4182-4187. , https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810862116; (2021) Coping with COVID” Survey Illustrates the Mental and Physical Toll the Pandemic is Taking on Men – Cleveland Clinic Newsroom, , https://newsroom.clevelandclinic.org/2020/09/02/cleveland-clinic-coping-with-covid-survey-illustrates-the-mental-and-physical-toll-the-pandemic-is-taking-on-men/, Retrieved from; Collins, C., Landivar, L.C., Ruppanner, L., Scarborough, W.J., COVID-19 and the gender gap in work hours (2020) Gender, Work and Organization, 28, pp. 101-112. , https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12506; Denscombe, M., Item non-response rates: A comparison of online and paper questionnaires (2009) International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 12 (4), pp. 281-291. , https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570802054706; (2020) The aftermath of the pandemic for early career researchers in Europe, , http://eurodoc.net/news/2020/the-aftermath-of-the-pandemic-for-early-career-researchers-in-europe; Gibson, E.M., Bennett, F.C., Gillespie, S.M., Güler, A.D., Gutmann, D.H., Halpern, C.H., Kucenas, S.C., Zuchero, J.B., How support of early career researchers can reset science in the post-COVID19 world (2020) Cell, 181 (7), pp. 1445-1449. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.045; Griffith, L.E., Cook, D.J., Guyatt, G.H., Charles, C.A., Comparison of open and closed questionnaire formats in obtaining demographic information from Canadian general internists (1999) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 52 (10), pp. 997-1005. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(99)00106-7; Grimm, D., It's heartbreaking. Labs are euthanizing thousands of mice in response to coronavirus pandemic (2020) Science, , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8633; Guatimosim, C., Reflections on motherhood and the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on women's scientific careers (2020) Journal of Neurochemistry, 155 (5), pp. 469-470. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15158; Hartmann, K.E., Sundermann, A.C., Helton, R., Bird, H., Wood, A., The scope of extraprofessional caregiving challenges among early career faculty: Findings from a university medical center (2018) Academic Medicine, 93 (11), pp. 1707-1712. , https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002229; Holman, L., Stuart-Fox, D., Hauser, C.E., The gender gap in science: How long until women are equally represented? (2018) PLoS Biology, 16 (4). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2004956; Johnston, R.M., Mohammed, A., Van Der Linden, C., Evidence of exacerbated gender inequality in child care obligations in Canada and Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Politics and Gender, 16 (4), pp. 1131-1141. , https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X20000574; Jones, D.R., Mandell, D.S., To address racial disparities in autism research, we must think globally, act locally (2020) Autism, 24, pp. 1587-1589. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361320948313, October 1); Juárez, A.P., Weitlauf, A.S., Nicholson, A., Pasternak, A., Broderick, N., Hine, J., Stainbrook, J.A., Warren, Z., Early identification of ASD through telemedicine: Potential value for underserved populations (2018) Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48 (8), pp. 2601-2610. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3524-y; Krukowski, R.A., Jagsi, R., Cardel, M.I., Academic productivity differences by gender and child age in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic (2021) Journal of Women's Health, 30 (3), pp. 341-347. , https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2020.8710; Larivière, V., Ni, C., Gingras, Y., Cronin, B., News, C.S.N., (2013) Bibliometrics: Global gender disparities in science, , https://www.nature.com/articles/504211a, Nature.Com, Retrieved from; Ley, T.J., Hamilton, B.H., Sociology: The gender gap in NIH grant applications (2008) Science, 322, pp. 1472-1474. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1165878, December 5); Lord, C., Holbrook, A., Dow, D., Kim, S., Toolan, C., Byrne, K., (2020) Brief Observation of Symptoms of Autism (BOSA) Training, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, , Los Angeles University of California; Marshall, M., Remote diagnosis, support could aid families during lockdown (2020) Spectrum News, , https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/remote-diagnosis-support-could-aid-families-during-lockdown; Mason, M., Wolfinger, N., Goulden, M., (2013) Do babies matter?: Gender and family in the ivory tower, , New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University Press; Myers, K.R., Tham, W.Y., Yin, Y., Cohodes, N., Thursby, J.G., Thursby, M.C., Schiffer, P., Wang, D., Unequal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientists (2020) Nature Human Behaviour, 4, pp. 880-883. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0921-y, September 1); Prinstein, M., (2020) Applications to doctoral programs in clinical psych are up 50-100% nationwide! Are the same number of students each applying to more places, or is there a surge of interest in the field? Hypotheses anyone?”, Twitter, , https://twitter.com/mitchprinstein/status/1334533570543628289, Retrieved from; Raj, A., Carr, P.L., Kaplan, S.E., Terrin, N., Breeze, J.L., Freund, K.M., Longitudinal analysis of gender differences in academic productivity among medical faculty across 24 medical schools in the United States (2016) Academic Medicine, 91, pp. 1074-1079. , https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001251, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; Rosenthal, M.N., Smidt, A.M., Freyd, J.J., Still second class: Sexual harassment of graduate students (2016) Psychology of Women Quarterly, 40 (3), pp. 364-377. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684316644838; Servick, K., Cho, A., Couzin-Frankel, J., Guglielmi, G., Coronavirus disruptions reverberate through research (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1289-1290. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.367.6484.1289, March 20); Shen, N., (2013) Mind the gender gap, , https://idp.nature.com/authorize/casa?redirect_uri=https://www.nature.com/articles/495022a&casa_token=5bS1Q9UwLIIAAAAA:44mRB9FDdDFHEPblm2kTFSadLWvqfIJ5BjJcyF2YdxOONDT91n1hmQ4hPI9YYN-b-voi7YfqZPwifZ8, Nature.Com, Retrieved from; Smith, W.G., (2008) Does gender influence online survey participation?: A record-linkage analysis of university faculty online survey response behavior, , http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED501717, [Online Submission]. ERIC Number ED501717. [Cited 22 December 2014]. Retrieved from; Staniscuaski, F., Reichert, F., Werneck, F.P., de Oliveira, L., Mello-Carpes, P.B., Soletti, R.C., Almeida, C.I., Kmetzsch, L., Impact of COVID-19 on academic mothers (2020) Science, 368, pp. 724.1-724.72724. , https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc2740, May 15); Taylor, K., Vargas-Barbosa, N., Beniest, A., Navigating virtual conferences as a junior researcher (2020) Nature Communications, 11 (1), p. 5019. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18656-6; Tchieu, J., Urbán, N., Soragni, A., Kawaguchi, K., Blanchard, J.W., Li, L., Introductions to the community: Early-career researchers in the time of COVID-19 (2020) Cell Stem Cell, 27 (4), pp. 508-510. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2020.09.015; Termini, C.M., Traver, D., Impact of COVID-19 on early career scientists: An optimistic guide for the future (2020) BMC Biology, 18, p. 95. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-020-00821-4, July 30); Thoreson, R.W., Kardash, C.A.M., Leuthold, D.A., Morrow, K.A., Gender differences in the academic career (1990) Research in Higher Education, 31 (2), pp. 193-209. , https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992262; Viglione, G., Are women publishing less during the pandemic? Here's what the data say (2020) Nature, 581 (7809), pp. 365-366. , https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01294-9; Wagner, L., Corona, L.L., Weitlauf, A.S., Marsh, K.L., Berman, A.F., Broderick, N.A., Francis, S., Warren, Z., Use of the TELE-ASD-PEDS for autism evaluations in response to COVID-19: Preliminary outcomes and clinician acceptability (2020) Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, pp. 1-10. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04767-y PY - 2021 SN - 19393792 (ISSN) ST - A lost generation? The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early career ASD researchers T2 - Autism Research TI - A lost generation? The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on early career ASD researchers UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102924939&doi=10.1002%2faur.2503&partnerID=40&md5=1256e17e576fe736109b1273af104128 ID - 165 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Understanding chest CT imaging of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) will help detect infections early and assess the disease progression. Especially, automated severity assessment of COVID-19 in CT images plays an essential role in identifying cases that are in great need of intensive clinical care. However, it is often challenging to accurately assess the severity of this disease in CT images, due to variable infection regions in the lungs, similar imaging biomarkers, and large inter-case variations. To this end, we propose a synergistic learning framework for automated severity assessment of COVID-19 in 3D CT images, by jointly performing lung lobe segmentation and multi-instance classification. Considering that only a few infection regions in a CT image are related to the severity assessment, we first represent each input image by a bag that contains a set of 2D image patches (with each cropped from a specific slice). A multi-task multi-instance deep network (called M2UNet) is then developed to assess the severity of COVID-19 patients and also segment the lung lobe simultaneously. Our M2UNet consists of a patch-level encoder, a segmentation sub-network for lung lobe segmentation, and a classification sub-network for severity assessment (with a unique hierarchical multi-instance learning strategy). Here, the context information provided by segmentation can be implicitly employed to improve the performance of severity assessment. Extensive experiments were performed on a real COVID-19 CT image dataset consisting of 666 chest CT images, with results suggesting the effectiveness of our proposed method compared to several state-of-the-art methods. © 2021 AD - Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, China Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Department of Radiology Quality Control Center, Changsha, China Biomedical Research Imaging Center and the Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing, Beihang University, Beijing, China School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China Department of Research and Development, Shanghai United Imaging Intelligence Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea AU - He, K. AU - Zhao, W. AU - Xie, X. AU - Ji, W. AU - Liu, M. AU - Tang, Z. AU - Shi, Y. AU - Shi, F. AU - Gao, Y. AU - Liu, J. AU - Zhang, J. AU - Shen, D. C7 - 107828 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.patcog.2021.107828 J2 - Pattern Recogn. KW - COVID-19 CT Lung lobe segmentation Multi-instance learning Severity assessment Automation Biological organs Image classification Image segmentation Context information Disease progression Imaging biomarkers Instance classifications Learning frameworks Lung lobe segmentations State-of-the-art methods Computerized tomography LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PTNRA Correspondence Address: He, K.; Medical School of Nanjing UniversityChina; email: hekelei@gmail.com Funding details: National Key Research and Development Program of China, NKRDPC, 2018YFC0116400 Funding details: Central South University, CSU, 160260005 Funding details: kq2001001 Funding text 1: This work is supported in part by Key Emergency Project of Pneumonia Epidemic of novel coronavirus infection under grant 2020sk3006, Emergency Project of Prevention and Control for COVID-19 of Central South University under grant 160260005, Foundation of Changsha Scientific and Technical Bureau under grant kq2001001, and National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant 2018YFC0116400. References: Chen, J., Wu, L., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Gong, D., Zhao, Y., Hu, S., Zheng, B., Deep learning-based model for detecting 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia on high-resolution computed tomography: a prospective study (2020) medRxiv; Song, Y., Zheng, S., Li, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Huang, Z., Chen, J., Wang, R., Deep learning enables accurate diagnosis of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) with CT images (2020) medRxiv; Tang, Z., Zhao, W., Xie, X., Zhong, Z., Shi, F., Liu, J., Shen, D., (2020), Severity assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using quantitative features from chest CT images; Shan, F., Gao, Y., Wang, J., Shi, W., Shi, N., Han, M., Xue, Z., Shi, Y., (2020), Lung infection quantification of COVID-19 in CT images with deep learning; Jin, S., Wang, B., Xu, H., Luo, C., Wei, L., Zhao, W., Hou, X., Zheng, Z., Ai-assisted CT imaging analysis for COVID-19 screening: building and deploying a medical AI system in four weeks (2020) medRxiv; Qi, X., Jiang, Z., Yu, Q., Shao, C., Zhang, H., Yue, H., Ma, B., Meng, X., Machine learning-based CT radiomics model for predicting hospital stay in patients with pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter study (2020) medRxiv; Shi, F., Wang, J., Shi, J., Wu, Z., Wang, Q., Tang, Z., He, K., Shen, D., (2020), Review of artificial intelligence techniques in imaging data acquisition, segmentation and diagnosis for COVID-19, CoRR; Verity, R., Okell, L.C., Dorigatti, I., Winskill, P., Whittaker, C., Imai, N., Cuomo-Dannenburg, G., Fu, H., Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis.; Xie, X., Zhong, Z., Zhao, W., Zheng, C., Wang, F., Liu, J., Chest CT for typical 2019-nCoV pneumonia: relationship to negative RT-PCR testing (2020) Radiology, p. 200343; Abbas, A., Abdelsamea, M.M., Gaber, M.M., Classification of COVID-19 in chest X-ray images using DeTraC deep convolutional neural network (2020); Oulefki, A., Agaian, S., Trongtirakul, T., Laouar, A.K., Automatic COVID-19 lung infected region segmentation and measurement using CT-scans images (2020) Pattern Recognit., p. 107747; Zhou, B., Khosla, A., Lapedriza, A., Oliva, A., Torralba, A., Learning deep features for discriminative localization (2016) Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2921-2929; Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., Brox, T., U-Net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation (2015) International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, pp. 234-241. , Springer; Zheng, C., Deng, X., Fu, Q., Zhou, Q., Feng, J., Ma, H., Liu, W., Wang, X., Deep learning-based detection for COVID-19 from chest CT using weak label (2020) medRxiv; Cao, Y., Xu, Z., Feng, J., Jin, C., Han, X., Wu, H., Shi, H., Longitudinal assessment of COVID-19 using a deep learning–based quantitative CT pipeline: illustration of two cases (2020) Radiology, 2 (2), p. e200082; Huang, L., Han, R., Ai, T., Yu, P., Kang, H., Tao, Q., Xia, L., Serial quantitative chest CT assessment of COVID-19: deep-learning approach (2020) Radiology, 2 (2), p. e200075; Zhou, Z., Siddiquee, M.M.R., Tajbakhsh, N., Liang, J., UNet++: a nested U-net architecture for medical image segmentation (2018) Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis and Multimodal Learning for Clinical Decision Support, pp. 3-11. , Springer; Wong, H.Y.F., Lam, H.Y.S., Fong, A.H.-T., Leung, S.T., Chin, T.W.-Y., Lo, C.S.Y., Lui, M.M.-S., Chung, T., Frequency and distribution of chest radiographic findings in COVID-19 positive patients (2020) Radiology, p. 201160; Dietterich, T.G., Lathrop, R.H., Lozano-Pérez, T., Solving the multiple instance problem with axis-parallel rectangles (1997) Artif. Intell., 89 (1-2), pp. 31-71; Xu, K., Ba, J., Kiros, R., Cho, K., Courville, A., Salakhudinov, R., Zemel, R., Bengio, Y., Show, attend and tell: neural image caption generation with visual attention (2015) International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 2048-2057; Liu, M., Zhang, J., Adeli, E., Shen, D., Joint classification and regression via deep multi-task multi-channel learning for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis (2018) IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., 66 (5), pp. 1195-1206; Oquab, M., Bottou, L., Laptev, I., Sivic, J., Weakly supervised object recognition with convolutional neural networks (2014) NIPS, pp. 1545-5963; Feng, J., Zhou, Z.-H., Deep MIML network (2017) Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Sun, M., Han, T.X., Liu, M.-C., Khodayari-Rostamabad, A., Multiple instance learning convolutional neural networks for object recognition (2016) 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 3270-3275. , IEEE; Wu, J., Yu, Y., Huang, C., Yu, K., Deep multiple instance learning for image classification and auto-annotation (2015) Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3460-3469; Tong, T., Wolz, R., Gao, Q., Guerrero, R., Hajnal, J.V., Rueckert, D., Multiple instance learning for classification of dementia in brain MRI (2014) Med. Image Anal., 18 (5), pp. 808-818; Xu, Y., Zhu, J.-Y., Eric, I., Chang, C., Lai, M., Tu, Z., Weakly supervised histopathology cancer image segmentation and classification (2014) Med. Image Anal., 18 (3), pp. 591-604; Yan, Z., Zhan, Y., Peng, Z., Liao, S., Shinagawa, Y., Zhang, S., Metaxas, D.N., Zhou, X.S., Multi-instance deep learning: discover discriminative local anatomies for bodypart recognition (2016) IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 35 (5), pp. 1332-1343; Liu, M., Zhang, J., Adeli, E., Shen, D., Landmark-based deep multi-instance learning for brain disease diagnosis (2018) Med. Image Anal., 43, pp. 157-168; He, K., Cao, X., Shi, Y., Nie, D., Gao, Y., Shen, D., Pelvic organ segmentation using distinctive curve guided fully convolutional networks (2018) IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging, 38 (2), pp. 585-595; Lian, C., Liu, M., Zhang, J., Shen, D., Hierarchical fully convolutional network for joint atrophy localization and Alzheimer's disease diagnosis using structural MRI (2018) IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach.Intell.; Wang, Y., Yu, B., Wang, L., Zu, C., Lalush, D.S., Lin, W., Wu, X., Zhou, L., 3D conditional generative adversarial networks for high-quality PET image estimation at low dose (2018) Neuroimage, 174, pp. 550-562; Zhan, Y., Ou, Y., Feldman, M., Tomaszeweski, J., Davatzikos, C., Shen, D., Registering histologic and MR images of prostate for image-based cancer detection (2007) Acad. Radiol., 14 (11), pp. 1367-1381; Mohamed, A., Zacharaki, E.I., Shen, D., Davatzikos, C., Deformable registration of brain tumor images via a statistical model of tumor-induced deformation (2006) Med. Image Anal., 10 (5), pp. 752-763; Bakas, S., Reyes, M., Jakab, A., Bauer, S., Rempfler, M., Crimi, A., Shinohara, R.T., Rozycki, M., (2018), Identifying the best machine learning algorithms for brain tumor segmentation, progression assessment, and overall survival prediction in the BRATS challenge; He, K., Huo, J., Shi, Y., Gao, Y., Shen, D., MIDCN: a multiple instance deep convolutional network for image classification (2019) Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 230-243. , Springer; Yang, R., Li, X., Liu, H., Zhen, Y., Zhang, X., Xiong, Q., Luo, Y., Zeng, W., Chest CT severity score: an imaging tool for assessing severe COVID-19 (2020) Radiology, 2 (2), p. e200047; He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J., Deep residual learning for image recognition (2015); Ilse, M., Tomczak, J.M., Welling, M., (2018), Attention-based deep multiple instance learningUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099498502&doi=10.1016%2fj.patcog.2021.107828&partnerID=40&md5=b35bcae46b729c60a5e894d7452cfcfd PY - 2021 SN - 00313203 (ISSN) ST - Synergistic learning of lung lobe segmentation and hierarchical multi-instance classification for automated severity assessment of COVID-19 in CT images T2 - Pattern Recognition TI - Synergistic learning of lung lobe segmentation and hierarchical multi-instance classification for automated severity assessment of COVID-19 in CT images VL - 113 ID - 25 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States UMass Medical School-Baystate Campus, Springfield, MA, United States Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States St. Joseph Mercy Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States Cedars Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados AU - Henderson, D. K. AU - Haessler, S. D. AU - Hayden, M. K. AU - Weber, D. J. AU - Babcock, H. AU - Malani, A. AU - Wright, S. B. AU - Murthy, A. R. AU - Guzman-Cottrill, J. AU - Rock, C. AU - Van Schooneveld, T. AU - Forde, C. AU - Logan, L. K. C2 - 33040752 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1017/ice.2020.442 IS - 2 J2 - Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. KW - animal cellular immunity disease model drug development human humoral immunity immunology prevention and control Animals COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Disease Models, Animal Humans Immunity, Cellular Immunity, Humoral SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ICEPE Correspondence Address: Henderson, D.K.; Clinical Center, United States; email: dkhatnih@gmail.com Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19 Vaccines References: Edridge, A.W.D., Kaczorowska, J., Hoste, A.C.R., Human coronavirus reinfection dynamics: Lessons for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) MedRxiv; Test for past infection (antibody test) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/testing/serology-overview.html, Updated June 30, 2020. Accessed July 9, 2020; Interim guidelines for COVID-19 antibody testing in clinical and public health settings Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Website, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antibody-tests-guidelines.html, Updated August 1, 2020. Accessed September 9, 2020; Market, M., Angka, L., Martel, A.B., Flattening the COVID-19 curve with natural killer cell based immunotherapies (2020) Front Immunol, 11, p. 1512; Akbari, H., Tabrizi, R., Lankarani, K.B., The role of cytokine profile and lymphocyte subsets in the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Life Sci, p. 118167; Bordoni, V., Sacchi, A., Cimini, E., An inflammatory profile correlates with decreased frequency of cytotoxic cells in COVID-19 (2020) Clin Infect Dis; Gan, J., Li, J., Li, S., Yang, C., Leucocyte subsets effectively predict the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: A retrospective case-control study (2020) Front Public Health, 8, p. 299; Covian, C., Retamal-Diaz, A., Bueno, S.M., Kalergis, A.M., Could BCG vaccination induce protective trained immunity for SARS-CoV-2? (2020) Front Immunol, 11, p. 970; Gursel, M., Gursel, I., Is global BCG vaccination-induced trained immunity relevant to the progression of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic? (2020) Allergy, 75, pp. 1815-1819; Netea, M.G., Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E.J., Dominguez-Andres, J., Trained immunity: A tool for reducing susceptibility to and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 969-977; Abbas, A.M., AbouBakr, A., Bahaa, N., The effect of BCG vaccine in the era of COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Scand J Immunol, p. e12947; Shanker, V., Measles immunization: Worth considering containment strategy for SARS-CoV-2 global outbreak (2020) Indian Pediatr, 57, p. 380; Anbarasu, A., Ramaiah, S., Livingstone, P., Vaccine repurposing approach for preventing COVID 19: Can MMR vaccines reduce morbidity and mortality? (2020) Hum Vaccin Immunother; Fidel, P.L., Jr., Noverr, M.C., Could an unrelated live attenuated vaccine serve as a preventive measure to dampen septic inflammation associated with COVID-19 infection? (2020) MBio, 11 (3); PastoriC, S., Lopalco L.Humoral immune responsesin COVID-19 patients: A window on the state of the art (2020) Front Immunol, 11, p. 1049; Zost, S.J., Gilchuk, P., Case, J.B., Potently neutralizing human antibodies that block SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding and protect animals (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 443-449; Long, Q.X., Tang, X.J., Shi, Q.L., Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (2020) Nat Med, 26, pp. 1200-1204; Li, L., Zhang, W., Hu, Y., Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on time to clinical improvement in patients with severe and life-threatening COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial (2020) Jama, 324, pp. 460-470; Murphy, M., Estcourt, L., Grant-Casey, J., Dzik, S., International survey of trials of convalescent plasma to treat COVID-19 infection (2020) Transfus Med Rev, 34, pp. 151-157; Joyner, M.J., Senefeld, J.W., Klassen, S.A., Effect of convalescent plasma on mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Initial three-month experience (2020) MedRxiv, , August 21; Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A.J., SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32434946; Wang, F., Nie, J., Wang, H., Characteristics of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 pneumonia (2020) J Infect Dis, 221, pp. 1762-1769; Sette, A., Crotty, S., Pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2: The knowns and unknowns (2020) Nat Rev Immunol, 20, pp. 457-458; Sekine, T., Perez-Pott, A., Rivera-Ballesteros, O., Robust T-cell immunity in convalescent individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 (2020) Cell; Le Bert, N., Tan, A.T., Kunasegaran, K., SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell immunity in cases of COVID-19 and SARS, and uninfected controls (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 457-462; Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S.I., Targets of T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unex-posed individuals (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1489-1501; Braun, J., Loyal, L., Frentsch, M., Presence of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in 1 COVID-19 patients and healthy donors (2020) MedRxiv [Internet]; Mateus, J., Grifoni, A., Tarke, A., Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes in unexposed humans (2020) Science; GaoH W, B.Deng, Lackofreinfectioninrhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) BioRxiv, , August 10; Addetia, A., Crawford, K.H.D., Dingens, A., Neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection from SARS-CoV-2 in humans during a fishery vessel outbreak with high attack rate (2020) MedRxiv; Ripperger, T.J., Uhrlaub, J.L., Watanabe, M., Detection, prevalence, and duration of humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 under conditions of limited population exposure (2020) MedRxiv, , August 17; Rodda, L.B., Netland, J., Shehata, L., Functional SARS-CoV-2-specific immune memory persists after mild COVID-19 (2020) MedRxiv, , August 17; Batisse, D., Benech, N., Botelho-Nevers, E., Clinical recurrences of COVID-19 symptoms after recovery: Viral relapse, reinfection or inflammatory rebound? (2020) J Infect; Duration of Isolation and Precautions for Adults with COVID-19, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/duration-isolation.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Updated August 17, 2020. Accessed September 7, 2020; Altmann, D.M., Boyton, R.J., SARS-CoV-2 T-cell immunity: Specificity, function, durability, and role in protection (2020) Sci Immunol, 5 (49); Parry, J., Covid-19: Hong Kong scientists report first confirmed case of reinfection (2020) Bmj, 370, p. m3340; Tillett, R., Sevinsky, J., Hartley, P., Genomic evidence for a case of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Ssrn [Internet], , https://ssrn.com/abstract=3681489; Kk-W, T., If-N, H., Ip, J.D., COVID-19 re-infection by a phyloge-netically distinct SARS-coronavirus-2 strain confirmed by whole genome sequencing (2020) Clinical Infectious Diseases [Internet], , https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa1275/5897019, in press PY - 2021 SN - 0899823X (ISSN) SP - 205-207 ST - Whither immunity? The search for effective, durable immunity to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) T2 - Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology TI - Whither immunity? The search for effective, durable immunity to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092011440&doi=10.1017%2fice.2020.442&partnerID=40&md5=edd7ccb7ecc5949df5e5f974fbaf0add VL - 42 ID - 134 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Decades of research have demonstrated that diabetes affects racial and ethnic minority and low-income adult populations in the U.S. disproportionately, with relatively intractable patterns seen in these populations’ higher risk of diabetes and rates of diabetes complications and mortality (1). With a health care shift toward greater emphasis on population health outcomes and value-based care, social determinants of health (SDOH) have risen to the forefront as essential intervention targets to achieve health equity (2-4). Most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted unequal vulnerabilities borne by racial and ethnic minority groups and by disadvantaged communities. In the wake of concurrent pandemic and racial injustice events in the U.S., the American College of Physicians, American Academy of Pediatrics, Society of General Internal Medicine, National Academy of Medicine, and other professional organizations have published statements on SDOH (5-8), and calls to action focus on amelioration of these determinants at individual, organizational, and policy levels (9-11). In diabetes, understanding and mitigating the impact of SDOH are priorities due to disease prevalence, economic costs, and disproportionate population burden (12-14). In 2013, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) published a scientific statement on socioecological determinants of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (15). Toward the goal of understanding and advancing opportunities for health improvement among the population with diabetes through addressing SDOH, ADA convened the current SDOH and diabetes writing committee, prepandemic, to review the literature on 1) associations of SDOH with diabetes risk and outcomes and 2) impact of interventions targeting amelioration of SDOH on diabetes outcomes. This article begins with an overview of key definitions and SDOH frameworks. The literature review focuses primarily on U.S.-based studies of adults with diabetes and on five SDOH: Socioeconomic status (education, income, occupation); neighborhood and physical environment (housing, built environment, toxic environmental exposures); food environment (food insecurity, food access); health care (access, affordability, quality); and social context (social cohesion, social capital, social support). This review concludes with recommendations for linkages across health care and community sectors from national advisory committees, recommendations for diabetes research, and recommendations for research to inform practice. © 2020 by the American Diabetes Association. AD - Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Departments of Epidemiology and Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States The Brown School and The School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States AU - Hill-Briggs, F. AU - Adler, N. E. AU - Berkowitz, S. A. AU - Chin, M. H. AU - Gary-Webb, T. L. AU - Navas-Acien, A. AU - Thornton, P. L. AU - Haire-Joshu, D. C2 - 33139407 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2337/dci20-0053 IS - 1 J2 - Diabetes Care KW - ancestry group coronavirus disease 2019 diabetes mellitus environmental factor ethnic group food insecurity health care high risk population human impaired glucose tolerance non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus pandemic Review social determinants of health social status LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: DICAD Correspondence Address: Hill-Briggs, F.; Department of Medicine, United States; email: fbriggs3@jhmi.edu Correspondence Address: Hill-Briggs, F.; Welch Center for Prevention, United States; email: fbriggs3@jhmi.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH Funding details: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, T32HL07180 Funding details: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK, P30DK092949, P30DK092950, R01HL131531 Funding details: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIEHS, K23DK109200, P30ES009089, P42ES010349 Funding details: Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, UW ICTR, UL1TR003098 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS Funding text 1: The findings and conclusion in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Johns Hopkins ICTR, NCATS, NIH, NIDDK, or any other institution mentioned in the article. Duality of Interest. M.H.C. reports being co-coordinator of the “Bridging the Gap: Reducing Disparities in Diabetes Care National Program Office,” supported by the Merck Foundation, a consultant to the Patient-Centered Outcomes Group, and a member of the Bristol-Myers Squibb Company Health Equity Advisory Board. S.A.B. received personal fees for service on an advisory board about prioritizing food insecurity research topics for the Aspen Institute. T.L.G.-W. received personal fees for service on an advisory board about prioritizing food insecurity research topics for the Aspen Institute. No other potential conflicts of interests relevant to this article were reported. Author Contributions. F.H.-B. researched data and wrote the manuscript. N.E.A. contributed to writing and reviewing/editing the manuscript. S.A.B.researcheddataandcontributedtowriting and reviewing/editing the manuscript. M.H.C. contributed to writing and reviewing/editing the manuscript. T.L.G.-W. researched data and contributed to writing and reviewing/editing the manuscript. A.N.-A. researched data and contributed to writing the manuscript. P.L.T. researched data and contributed to writing and reviewing/editing the manuscript. D.H.-J. researched data and contributed to writing and reviewing/editing the manuscript. Funding text 2: Acknowledgments. The authors express appreciation to Malaika I. Hill and Mindy Saraco of the American Diabetes Association; Elizabeth A. Vrany, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; and Shelly Johnson, Washington University in St. Louis, for providing technical assistance for this review. Funding. F.H.-B. is supported in part by the Johns Hopkins Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), which is funded in part by grant UL1TR003098 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. F.H.-B. is also supported in part by NIH National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) grant T32HL07180. D.H.-J. is supported in part by NIH National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) grant P30DK092950. M.H.C. is supported in part by NIH and NIDDK grant P30DK092949. T.L.G.-W. is supported in part by NHLBI grant R01HL131531. A.N.-A. is supported in part by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences grants P42ES010349 and P30ES009089. S.A.B. is supported in part by NIDDK grant K23DK109200. References: Golden, SH, Brown, A, Cauley, JA, Health disparities in endocrine disorders: Biological, clinical, and nonclinical factorsdan Endocrine Society scientific statement (2012) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 97, pp. E1579-E1639; (2015) The CMS Equity Plan for Improving Quality in Medicare, , https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/OMH/OMH_Dwnld-CMS_EquityPlanforMedicare_090615.pdf, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Office of Minority Health. September Accessed 25 October 2020; (2015) HHS Action Plan to Reduce Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: Implementation Progress Report 2011-2014, , U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, and Office of Minority Health. Washington, DC, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation; Chin, MH., Creating the business case for achieving health equity (2016) J Gen Intern Med, 31, pp. 792-796; (2019) Integrating Social Care Into the Delivery of Health Care: Moving Upstream to Improve the Nation’s Health, , National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington, DC, National Academies Press; Byhoff, E, Kangovi, S, Berkowitz, SA, A Society of General Internal Medicine position statement on the internists’ role in social determinants of health (2020) J Gen Intern Med, 35, pp. 2721-2727. , Society of General Internal Medicine; Duffee, JH, Kuo, A, Gitterman, BA., Poverty and child health in the United States (2016) Pediatrics, 137, p. e20160339. , Council on Community Pediatrics; Daniel, H, Bornstein, SS, Kane, GC, Addressing social determinants to improve patient care and promote health equity: An American College of Physicians position paper (2018) Ann Intern Med, 168, pp. 577-578. , Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians; Peek, ME, Vela, MB, Chin, MH., Practical lessons for teaching about race and racism: Successfully leading free, frank, and fearless discussions Acad Med, , 1 September 2020 [Epub ahead of print]; Vela, M, Blackman, D, Burnet, D, Racialized violence and health care’s call to action, , https://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2020/06/racialized-violence-and-health-carescall-to-action.html, 6 June 2020. KevinMD.com. Accessed 7 June 2020; Chin, MH, King, PT, Jones, RG, Lessons for achieving health equity comparing Aotearoa/New Zealand and the United States (2018) Health Policy, 122, pp. 837-853; Haire-Joshu, D, Hill-Briggs, F., The next generation of diabetes translation: A path to health equity (2019) Annu Rev Public Health, 40, pp. 391-410; Golden, SH, Maruthur, N, Mathioudakis, N, The case for diabetes population health improvement: Evidence-based programming for population outcomes in diabetes (2017) Curr Diab Rep, 17, p. 51; Hill-Briggs, F., Health Care & Education Presidential Address: The American Diabetes Association in the era of health care transformation (2019) Diabetes Care, 42, pp. 352-358. , 2018; Hill, JO, Galloway, JM, Goley, A, Scientific statement: Socioecological determinants of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (2013) Diabetes Care, 36, pp. 2430-2439; Section IV: Advisory Committee findings and recommendations (2008) The Secretary’s Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020, , http://www.healthypeople.gov/sites/default/files/PhaseI_0.pdf, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Phase I report,. Accessed 25 October 2020; Dankwa-Mullan, I, Rhee, KB, Williams, K, The science of eliminating health disparities: Summary and analysis of the NIH summit recommendations (2010) Am J Public Health, 100, pp. S12-S18. , (Suppl. 1); Thornton, PL, Kumanyika, SK, Gregg, EW, New research directions on disparities in obesity and type 2 diabetes (2020) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1461, pp. 5-24; (2003) Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care, , Institute of Medicine Committee on Understanding Eliminating Racial Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, Eds. Washington, DC, National Academies Press; Braveman, P, Arkin, E, Orleans, T, Proctor, D, Plough, A., (2017) What Is Health Equity? And What Difference Does a Definition Make?, , Princeton, NJ, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Secretary’s Advisory Committee on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2020, , http://www.healthypeople.gov/2010/hp2020/advisory/SocietalDeterminantsHealth.htm, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020: An Opportunity to Address the Societal Determinants of Health in the United States, 26 July 2010. Accessed 25 October 2020; Marmot, M, Allen, JJ., Social determinants of health equity (2014) Am J Public Health, 104, pp. S517-S519. , (Suppl. 4); Foundation health measures: Disparities, , https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Disparities, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Accessed 25 October 2020; Health equity, , https://www.who.int/topics/health_equity/en/, World Health Organization. Accessed 25 October 2020; (2019) Measures & data sources, , https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/explore-health-rankings/measures-data-sources, County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. Accessed 2 Februrary 2020; About social determinants of health, 2020, , https://www.who.int/social_determinants/sdh_definition/en/, World Health Organization. Accessed 7 February 2020; Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health (2008), https://www.who.int/social_determinants/final_report/csdh_finalreport_2008.pdf, Commission on the Social Determinants of Health. Final report of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Geneva, World Health Organization, Accessed 25 October 2020; Solar, O, Irwin, A., A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health (2010), https://www.who.int/sdhconference/resources/ConceptualframeworkforactiononSDH_eng.pdf, Social Determinants of Health Discussion Paper 2 (Policy and Practice). Geneva, World Health Organization, Accessed 25 October 2020; Healthy people 2020: Social determinants of health, , https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Accessed 25 October 2020; About social determinants of health (SDOH), , https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/about.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 14 August 2020; Remington, PL, Catlin, BB, Gennuso, KP., The County Health Rankings: Rationale and methods (2015) Popul Health Metr, 13, p. 11; (2014) County Health Rankings Model, , https://www.countyhealthrankings.org/resources/countyhealth-rankings-model, County Health Rankings & Roadmaps. Accessed 25 October 2020; Artiga, S, Hinton, E., (2018) Beyond health care: The role of social determinants in promoting health and health equity, , http://files.kff.org/attachment/issue-brief-beyond-health-care, Brief, May Kaiser Family Foundation. Accessed 25 October 2020; Saegert, SC, Adler, NA, Bullock, HE, Cauce, AM, Liu, WM, Wyche, KF., (2007) Report of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Socioeconomic Status, , Washington, DC, American Psychological Association; Dutton, DB, Levine, S., Socioeconomic status and health: Overview, methodological critique, and reformulation (1989) Pathways to Health: The Role of Social Factors, pp. 29-69. , Bunker P, Gomby DS, Kehrer BH, Eds. Menlo Park, CA, The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; Adler, NE, Boyce, T, Chesney, MA, Socioeconomic status and health. The challenge of the gradient (1994) Am Psychol, 49, pp. 15-24; Adler, NE, Newman, K., Socioeconomic disparities in health: Pathways and policies (2002) Health Aff (Millwood), 21, pp. 60-76; Braveman, PA, Cubbin, C, Egerter, S, Socioeconomic status in health research: One size does not fit all (2005) JAMA, 294, pp. 2879-2888; Shavers, VL., Measurement of socioeconomic status in health disparities research (2007) J Natl Med Assoc, 99, pp. 1013-1023; Dotson, VM, Kitner-Triolo, MH, Evans, MK, Zonderman, AB., Effects of race and socioeconomic status on the relative influence of education and literacy on cognitive functioning (2009) J Int Neuropsychol Soc, 15, pp. 580-589; Sisco, S, Gross, AL, Shih, RA, The role of early-life educational quality and literacy in explaining racial disparities in cognition in late life (2015) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 70, pp. 557-567; Rudd, RE., Health literacy skills of U.S. adults (2007) Am J Health Behav, 31, pp. S8-S18. , (Suppl. 1); Kutner, M, Greenberg, E, Jin, Y, Boyle, B, Hsu, Y, Dunleavy, E, (2007) Literacy in Everyday Life: Results From the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NCES 2007-480), , (Eds). Washington, DC, National Center for Education Statistics; Kutner, M, Greenburg, E, Jin, Y, Paulsen, C., (2006) The Health Literacy of America’s Adults: Results From the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NCES 2006-483), , Washington, DC, National Center for Education Statistics; Gornick, ME., 2. Measuring the effects of socioeconomic statusonhealth care (2002) Guidance for the National Healthcare Disparities Report, , Swift EK, Ed. Washington, DC, National Academies Press; Agardh, E, Allebeck, P, Hallqvist, J, Moradi, T, Sidorchuk, A., Type 2 diabetes incidence and socio-economic position: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2011) Int J Epidemiol, 40, p. 804818; Brown, AF, Ettner, SL, Piette, J, Socioeconomic position and health among persons with diabetes mellitus: A conceptual framework and review of the literature (2004) Epidemiol Rev, 26, pp. 63-77; Braveman, PA, Cubbin, C, Egerter, S, Williams, DR, Pamuk, E., Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: What the patterns tell us (2010) Am J Public Health, 100, pp. S186-S196. , (Suppl. 1); Gaskin, DJ, Thorpe, RJ, McGinty, EE, Disparities in diabetes: The nexus of race, poverty, and place (2014) Am J Public Health, 104, pp. 2147-2155; Beckles, GL, Chou, CF., Disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes United States, 1999-2002 and 2011-2014 (2016) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 65, pp. 1265-1269; Drewnowski, A, Rehm, CD, Moudon, AV, Arterburn, D., The geography of diabetes by census tract in a large sample of insured adults in King County, Washington, 2005-2006 (2014) Prev Chronic Dis, 11, p. E125; Kolak, M, Abraham, G, Talen, MR., Mapping census tract clusters of type 2 diabetes in a primary care population (2019) Prev Chronic Dis, 16, p. E59; Schmittdiel, JA, Dyer, WT, Marshall, CJ, Bivins, R., Using neighborhood-level census data to predict diabetes progression in patients with laboratory-defined prediabetes (2018) Perm J, 22, pp. 18-096; Saydah, S, Lochner, K., Socioeconomic status and risk of diabetes-related mortality in the U.S (2010) Public Health Rep, 125, pp. 377-388; Scott, A, Chambers, D, Goyder, E, O’Cathain, A., Socioeconomic inequalities in mortality, morbidity and diabetes management for adults with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review (2017) PLoS One, 12, p. E0177210; Bijlsma-Rutte, A, Rutters, F, Elders, PJM, Bot, SDM, Nijpels, G., Socio-economic status and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and metaanalysis (2018) Diabetes Metab Res Rev, 34, p. e3008; Lindner, LME, Rathmann, W, Rosenbauer, J., Inequalities in glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis according to socioeconomic status and area-level deprivation in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review (2018) Diabet Med, 35, pp. 12-32; Borschuk, AP, Everhart, RS., Health disparities among youth with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review of the current literature (2015) Fam Syst Health, 33, pp. 297-313; Walker, RJ, Garacci, E, Palatnik, A, Ozieh, MN, Egede, LE., The longitudinal influence of social determinants of health on glycemic control in elderly adults with diabetes (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 759-766; (2017) National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017, , https://dev.diabetes.org/sites/default/files/2019-06/cdc-statistics-report-2017.pdf, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Accessed 25 October 2020; (2018) Diabetes Report Card 2017, , https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pdfs/library/diabetesreportcard2017508.pdf, Centers for Disease Contol and Prevention. Atlanta, GA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Accessed 25 October 2020; Borrell, LN, Dallo, FJ, White, K., Education and diabetes in a racially and ethnically diverse population (2006) Am J Public Health, 96, pp. 1637-1642; Secrest, AM, Costacou, T, Gutelius, B, Miller, RG, Songer, TJ, Orchard, TJ., Association of socioeconomic status with mortality in type 1 diabetes: The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study (2011) Ann Epidemiol, 21, pp. 367-373; Marciano, L, Camerini, AL, Schulz, PJ., The role of health literacy in diabetes knowledge, selfcare, and glycemic control: A meta-analysis (2019) J Gen Intern Med, 34, pp. 1007-1017; Ferrie, JE, Virtanen, M, Jokela, M, Job insecurity and risk of diabetes: A meta-analysis of individual participant data (2016) CMAJ, 188, pp. E447-E455. , IPDWork Consortium; Varanka-Ruuska, T, Rautio, N, Lehtiniemi, H, The association of unemployment with glucose metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) Int J Public Health, 63, p. 435446; Gan, Y, Yang, C, Tong, X, Shift work and diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of observational studies (2015) Occup Environ Med, 72, p. 7278; Kivimaki, M, Virtanen, M, Kawachi, I, Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from 222 120 individuals (2015) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 3, pp. 27-34; (2017) The Face of Diabetes in the United States, State of American Well-being, , https://wellbeingindex.sharecare.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/The-Face-of-Diabetes-in-the-UnitedStates-2017.pdf, Gallup-Sharecare. Accessed 25 October 2020; Witters, D, Liu, D., (2017) Diabetes rate greatest among transportation workers, , https://news.gallup.com/poll/214097/diabetes-rate-greatest-among-transportation-workers.aspx, Gallup, Inc., Accessed 25 October 2020; Hill-Briggs, F, Schumann, KP, Dike, O., Five-step methodology for evaluation and adaptation of print patient health information to meet the, 5th grade readability criterion (2012) Med Care, 50, pp. 294-301; Cavanaugh, KL., Health literacy in diabetes care: Explanation, evidence and equipment (2011) Diabetes Manag (Lond), 1, pp. 191-199; Hill-Briggs, F, Renosky, R, Lazo, M, Development and pilot evaluation of literacy-adapted diabetes and CVD education in urban, diabetic African Americans (2008) J Gen Intern Med, 23, pp. 1491-1494; White, RO, Eden, S, Wallston, KA, Health communication, self-care, and treatment satisfaction among low-income diabetes patients in a public health setting (2015) Patient Educ Couns, 98, pp. 144-149; Kim, SH, Lee, A., Health-literacy-sensitive diabetes self-management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2016) Worldviews Evid Based Nurs, 13, pp. 324-333; Hill-Briggs, F, Lazo, M, Peyrot, M, Effect of problem-solving-based diabetes self-management training on diabetes control in a low income patient sample (2011) J Gen Intern Med, 26, pp. 972-978; Cavanaugh, K, Wallston, KA, Gebretsadik, T, Addressing literacy and numeracy to improve diabetes care: Two randomized controlled trials (2009) Diabetes Care, 32, pp. 2149-2155; Diez Roux, AV, Mair, C., Neighborhoods and health (2010) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1186, pp. 125-145; Tung, EL, Cagney, KA, Peek, ME, Chin, MH., Spatial context and health inequity: Reconfiguring race, place, and poverty (2017) J Urban Health, 94, pp. 757-763; (2014) Capturing Social and Behavioral Domains and Measures in Electronic Health Records: Phase 2, , Institute of Medicine. Washington, DC, The National Academies Press; Baggett, TP, Berkowitz, SA, Fung, V, Gaeta, JM., Prevalence of housing problems among community health center patients (2018) JAMA, 319, p. 717719; Berkowitz, SA, Kalkhoran, S, Edwards, ST, Essien, UR, Baggett, TP., Unstable housing and diabetes-related emergency department visits and hospitalization: A nationally representative study of safety-net clinic patients (2018) Diabetes Care, 41, pp. 933-939; Kushel, MB, Gupta, R, Gee, L, Haas, JS., Housing instability and food insecurity as barriers to health care among low-income Americans (2006) J Gen Intern Med, 21, pp. 71-77; Vijayaraghavan, M, Jacobs, EA, Seligman, H, Fernandez, A., The association between housing instability, food insecurity, and diabetes selfefficacy in low-income adults (2011) J Health Care Poor Underserved, 22, pp. 1279-1291; Our survey, , https://childrenshealthwatch.org/methods/our-survey/, Children’s Health Watch. Accessed 25 October 2020; Stewart, B., (1987) McKinney homeless assistance act, , https://www.congress.gov/bill/100th-congress/house-bill/558, U.S. Congress. H.R.558 Accessed 25 October 2020; Henry, M, Watt, R, Mahathey, A, Ouellette, J, Sitler, A, The 2019 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress; Part 1: Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness, January 2020 https://www.hudexchange.info/resource/5948/2019-ahar-part-1-pit-estimatesof-homelessness-in-the-us/, Abt Associates. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Accessed 25 October 2020; Cutts, DB, Meyers, AF, Black, MM, US Housing insecurity and the health of very young children (2011) Am J Public Health, 101, pp. 1508-1514; Frederick, TJ, Chwalek, M, Hughes, J, Karabanow, J, Kidd, S., How stable is stable? Defining and measuring housing stability (2014) J Community Psychol, 42, pp. 964-979; Meltzer, R, Schwartz, A., Housing affordability and health: Evidence from New York City (2016) Hous Policy Debate, 26, pp. 80-104; Keene, DE, Guo, M, Murillo, S., “That wasn’t really a place to worry about diabetes”: Housing access and diabetes self-management among low-income adults (2018) Soc Sci Med, 197, pp. 71-77; Quensell, ML, Taira, DA, Seto, TB, Braun, KL, Sentell, TL., “I need my own place to get better”: Patient perspectives on the role of housing in potentially preventable hospitalizations (2017) J Health Care Poor Underserved, 28, pp. 784-797; Gelberg, L, Andersen, RM, Leake, BD., The Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations: Application to medical care use and outcomes for homeless people (2000) Health Serv Res, 34, p. 12731302; Bernstein, RS, Meurer, LN, Plumb, EJ, Jackson, JL., Diabetes and hypertension prevalence in homeless adults in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) Am J Public Health, 105, pp. e46-e60; Berkowitz, SA, Meigs, JB, DeWalt, D, Material need insecurities, control of diabetes mellitus, and use of health care resources: Results of the Measuring Economic Insecurity in Diabetes study (2015) JAMA Intern Med, 175, pp. 257-265; Burgard, SA, Seefeldt, KS, Zelner, S., Housing instability and health: Findings from the Michigan Recession and Recovery Study (2012) Soc Sci Med, 75, pp. 2215-2224; Charkhchi, P, Fazeli Dehkordy, S, Carlos, RC., Housing and food insecurity, care access, and health status among the chronically ill: An analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2018) J Gen Intern Med, 33, pp. 644-650; Stahre, M, VanEenwyk, J, Siegel, P, Njai, R., Housing insecurity and the association with health outcomes and unhealthy behaviors, Washington State, 2011 (2015) Prev Chronic Dis, 12, p. 140511; Gibson, M, Petticrew, M, Bambra, C, Sowden, AJ, Wright, KE, Whitehead, M., Housing and health inequalities: A synthesis of systematic reviews of interventions aimed at different pathways linking housing and health (2011) Health Place, 17, pp. 175-184; Shaw, M., Housing and public health (2004) Annu Rev Public Health, 25, pp. 397-418; Brooks, LK, Kalyanaraman, N, Malek, R., Diabetes care for patients experiencing homelessness: Beyond metformin and sulfonylureas (2019) Am J Med, 132, pp. 408-412; Ludwig, J, Sanbonmatsu, L, Gennetian, L, Neighborhoods, obesity, and diabetesda randomized social experiment (2011) N Engl J Med, 365, pp. 1509-1519; Orr, L, Feins, JD, Jacob, R, (2003) Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing Demonstration Program: Interim Impacts Evaluation, , https://www.huduser.gov/Publications/pdf/MTOFullReport.pdf, Washington, DC, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research, Accessed 25 October 2020; Sanbonmatsu, L, Marvokov, J, Porter, N, The long-term effects of Moving to Opportunity on adult health and economic self-sufficiency Cityscape2012, 14, pp. 109-136; Baxter, AJ, Tweed, EJ, Katikireddi, SV, Thomson, H., Effects of Housing First approaches on health and well-being of adults who are homeless or at risk of homelessness: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (2019) J Epidemiol Community Health, 73, pp. 379-387; Tsai, J, Gelberg, L, Rosenheck, RA., Changes in physical health after supported housing: Results from the Collaborative Initiative to End Chronic Homelessness (2019) J Gen Intern Med, 34, p. 17031708; Lim, S, Miller-Archie, SA, Singh, TP, Wu, WY, Walters, SC, Gould, LH., Supportive housing and its relationship with diabetes diagnosis and management among homeless persons in New York City (2019) Am J Epidemiol, 188, pp. 1120-1129; Keene, DE, Henry, M, Gormley, C, Ndumele, C., ‘Then I found housing and everything changed’: Transitions to rent-assisted housing and diabetes self-management (2018) Cityscape, 20, p. 107118; (2019) Built environment assessment tool manual, , https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/statelocal-programs/built-environment-assessment/index.htm, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed 9 March 2020; Drewnowski, A, Buszkiewicz, J, Aggarwal, A, Rose, C, Gupta, S, Bradshaw, A., Obesity and the built environment: A reappraisal (2020) Obesity (Silver Spring), 28, pp. 22-30; Martin, A, Ogilvie, D, Suhrcke, M., Evaluating causal relationships between urban built environment characteristics and obesity: A methodological review of observational studies (2014) Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 11, p. 142; Mayne, SL, Auchincloss, AH, Michael, YL., Impact of policy and built environment changes on obesity-related outcomes: A systematic review of naturally occurring experiments (2015) Obes Rev, 16, pp. 362-375; Chandrabose, M, Rachele, JN, Gunn, L, Built environment and cardio-metabolic health: Systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies (2019) Obes Rev, 20, pp. 41-54; Smalls, BL, Gregory, CM, Zoller, JS, Egede, LE., Assessing the relationship between neighborhood factors and diabetes related health outcomes and self-care behaviors (2015) BMC Health Serv Res, 15, p. 445; Bilal, U, Auchincloss, AH, Diez-Roux, AV., Neighborhood environments and diabetes risk and control (2018) Curr Diab Rep, 18, p. 62; Leal, C, Chaix, B., The influence of geographic life environments on cardiometabolic risk factors: A systematic review, a methodological assessment and a research agenda (2011) Obes Rev, 12, pp. 217-230; Twohig-Bennett, C, Jones, A., The health benefits of the great outdoors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of greenspace exposure and health outcomes (2018) Environ Res, 166, pp. 628-637; Durand, CP, Andalib, M, Dunton, GF, Wolch, J, Pentz, MA., A systematic review of built environment factors related to physical activity and obesity risk: Implications for smart growth urban planning (2011) Obes Rev, 12, pp. e173-e182; Petticrew, M, Cummins, S, Ferrell, C, Natural experiments: An underused tool for public health? (2005) Public Health, 119, pp. 751-757; MacMillan, F, George, ES, Feng, X, Do natural experiments of changes in neighborhood built environment impact physical activity and diet? a systematic review (2018) Int J Environ Res Public Health, 15, p. 217; Benton, JS, Anderson, J, Hunter, RF, French, DP., The effect of changing the built environment on physical activity: A quantitative review of the risk of bias in natural experiments (2016) Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 13, p. 107; Amuda, AT, Berkowitz, SA., Diabetes and the built environment: Evidence and policies (2019) Curr Diab Rep, 19, p. 35; Landrigan, PJ, Fuller, R, Acosta, NJR, The Lancet Commission on pollution and health (2018) Lancet, 391, pp. 462-512; Casey, JA, Morello-Frosch, R, Mennitt, DJ, Fristrup, K, Ogburn, EL, James, P., Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, residential segregation, and spatial variation in noise exposure in the contiguous United States (2017) Environ Health Perspect, 125, p. 077017; Evans, GW, Kantrowitz, E., Socioeconomic status and health: The potential role of environmental risk exposure (2002) Annu Rev Public Health, 23, pp. 303-331; Hajat, A, Hsia, C, O’Neill, MS., Socioeconomic disparities and air pollution exposure: A global review (2015) Curr Environ Health Rep, 2, p. 440450; Miao, Q, Chen, D, Buzzelli, M, Aronson, KJ., Environmental equity research: Review with focus on outdoor air pollution research methods and analytic tools (2015) Arch Environ Occup Health, 70, pp. 47-55; Mohai, P, Lantz, PM, Morenoff, J, House, JS, Mero, RP., Racial and socioeconomic disparities in residential proximity to polluting industrial facilities: Evidence from the Americans’ Changing Lives Study (2009) Am J Public Health, 99, pp. S649-S656. , (Suppl. 3); Perez, AC, Grafton, B, Mohai, P, Hardin, R, Hintzen, K, Orvis, S., Evolution of the environmental justice movement: Activism, formalization and differentiation (2015) Environ Res Lett, 10, p. 105002; Tessum, CW, Apte, JS, Goodkind, AL, Inequity in consumption of goods and services adds to racial-ethnic disparities in air pollution exposure (2019) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 116, pp. 6001-6006; Apelberg, BJ, Buckley, TJ, White, RH., Socioeconomic and racial disparities in cancer risk from air toxics in Maryland (2005) Environ Health Perspect, 113, pp. 693-699; Hilpert, M, Johnson, M, Kioumourtzoglou, MA, A new approach for inferring trafficrelated air pollution: Use of radar-calibrated crowd-sourced traffic data (2019) Environ Int, 127, pp. 142-159; Jones, MR, Diez-Roux, AV, Hajat, A, Race/ethnicity, residential segregation, and exposure to ambient air pollution: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (2014) Am J Public Health, 104, pp. 2130-2137; Bellavia, A, Zota, AR, Valeri, L, James-Todd, T., Multiple mediators approach to study environmental chemicals as determinants of health disparities (2018) Environ Epidemiol, 2, p. e015; Dodd-Butera, T, Beaman, M, Brash, M., Environmental health equity: A concept analysis (2019) Annu Rev Nurs Res, 38, pp. 183-202; Gee, GC, Payne-Sturges, DC., Environmental health disparities: A framework integrating psychosocial and environmental concepts (2004) Environ Health Perspect, 112, pp. 1645-1653; Krometis, LA, Gohlke, J, Kolivras, K, Satterwhite, E, Marmagas, SW, Marr, LC., Environmental health disparities in the Central Appalachian region of the United States (2017) Rev Environ Health, 32, pp. 253-266; Lewis, J, Hoover, J, MacKenzie, D., Mining and environmental health disparities in Native American communities (2017) Curr Environ Health Rep, 4, pp. 130-141; Powers, M, Yracheta, J, Harvey, D, Arsenic in groundwater in private wells in rural North Dakota and South Dakota: Water quality assessment for an intervention trial (2019) Environ Res, 168, pp. 41-47; Fox, MA, Nachman, KE, Anderson, B, Lam, J, Resnick, B., Meeting the public health challenge of protecting private wells: Proceedings and recommendations from an expert panel workshop (2016) Sci Total Environ, 554-555, pp. 113-118; Lee, D, Murphy, HM., Private wells and rural health: Groundwater contaminants of emerging concern (2020) Curr Environ Health Rep, 7, p. 129139; Groh, KJ, Backhaus, T, Carney-Almroth, B, Overview of known plastic packagingassociated chemicals and their hazards (2019) Sci Total Environ, 651, pp. 3253-3268; Nguyen, VK, Kahana, A, Heidt, J, A comprehensive analysis of racial disparities in chemical biomarker concentrations in United States women, 1999-2014 (2020) Environ Int, 137, p. 105496; Varshavsky, JR, Morello-Frosch, R, Woodruff, TJ, Zota, AR., Dietary sources of cumulative phthalates exposure among the U.S. general population in NHANES 2005-2014 (2018) Environ Int, 115, pp. 417-429; Zota, AR, Phillips, CA, Mitro, SD., Recent fast food consumption and bisphenol a and phthalates exposures among the U.S. population in NHANES, 2003-2010 (2016) Environ Health Perspect, 124, pp. 1521-1528; Hartle, JC, Navas-Acien, A, Lawrence, RS., The consumption of canned food and beverages and urinary Bisphenol A concentrations in NHANES 2003-2008 (2016) Environ Res, 150, pp. 375-382; Zota, AR, Shamasunder, B., The environmental injustice of beauty: Framing chemical exposures from beauty products as a health disparities concern (2017) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 217, pp. 418e1-418e6; Kuo, CC, Moon, K, Thayer, KA, Navas-Acien, A., Environmental chemicals and type 2 diabetes: An updated systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence (2013) Curr Diab Rep, 13, pp. 831-849; Maull, EA, Ahsan, H, Edwards, J, Evaluation of the association between arsenic and diabetes: A National Toxicology Program workshop review (2012) Environ Health Perspect, 120, pp. 1658-1670; Thayer, KA, Heindel, JJ, Bucher, JR, Gallo, MA., Role of environmental chemicals in diabetes and obesity: A National Toxicology Program workshop review (2012) Environ Health Perspect, 120, pp. 779-789; Song, Y, Chou, EL, Baecker, A, Endocrinedisrupting chemicals, risk of type 2 diabetes, and diabetes-related metabolic traits: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2016) J Diabetes, 8, pp. 516-532; Evangelou, E, Ntritsos, G, Chondrogiorgi, M, Exposure to pesticides and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2016) Environ Int, 91, pp. 60-68; Jaacks, LM, Staimez, LR., Association of persistent organic pollutants and non-persistent pesticides with diabetes and diabetes-related health outcomes in Asia: A systematic review (2015) Environ Int, 76, pp. 57-70; Radke, EG, Galizia, A, Thayer, KA, Cooper, GS., Phthalate exposure and metabolic effects: A systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence (2019) Environ Int, 132, p. 104768; Yang, BY, Fan, S, Thiering, E, Ambient air pollution and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Environ Res, 180, p. 108817; Eze, IC, Hemkens, LG, Bucher, HC, Association between ambient air pollution and diabetes mellitus in Europe and North America: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) Environ Health Perspect, 123, pp. 381-389; Janghorbani, M, Momeni, F, Mansourian, M., Systematic review and metaanalysis of air pollution exposure and risk of diabetes (2014) Eur J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 231-242; Liu, F, Chen, G, Huo, W, Associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) Environ Pollut, 252, pp. 1235-1245. , (Pt B); Liu, C, Bai, Y, Xu, X, Exaggerated effects of particulate matter air pollution in genetic type II diabetes mellitus (2014) Part Fibre Toxicol, 11, p. 27; Liu, C, Fonken, LK, Wang, A, Central IKKb inhibition prevents air pollution mediated peripheral inflammation and exaggeration of type II diabetes (2014) Part Fibre Toxicol, 11, p. 53; Liu, C, Ying, Z, Harkema, J, Sun, Q, Rajagopalan, S., Epidemiological and experimental links between air pollution and type 2 diabetes (2013) Toxicol Pathol, 41, pp. 361-373; Zanobetti, A, Schwartz, J., Are diabetics more susceptible to the health effects of airborne particles? (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 164, pp. 831-833; Zanobetti, A, Schwartz, J., Cardiovascular damage by airborne particles: Are diabetics more susceptible? (2002) Epidemiology, 13, p. 588592; Zeka, A, Zanobetti, A, Schwartz, J., Individuallevel modifiers of the effects of particulate matter on daily mortality (2006) Am J Epidemiol, 163, pp. 849-859; Nemmar, A, Subramaniyan, D, Yasin, J, Ali, BH., Impact of experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus on systemic and coagulation vulnerability in mice acutely exposed to diesel exhaust particles (2013) Part Fibre Toxicol, 10, p. 14; O’Neill, MS, Veves, A, Zanobetti, A, Diabetes enhances vulnerability to particulate air pollution-associated impairment in vascular reactivity and endothelial function (2005) Circulation, 111, pp. 2913-2920; O’Neill, MS, Veves, A, Sarnat, JA, Air pollution and inflammation in type 2 diabetes: A mechanism for susceptibility (2007) Occup Environ Med, 64, pp. 373-379; Moon, KA, Guallar, E, Umans, JG, Association between exposure to low to moderate arsenic levels and incident cardiovascular disease. A prospective cohort study (2013) Ann Intern Med, 159, pp. 649-659; Tellez-Plaza, M, Guallar, E, Howard, BV, Cadmium exposure and incident cardiovascular disease (2013) Epidemiology, 24, pp. 421-429; Lamas, GA, Goertz, C, Boineau, R, Effect of disodium EDTA chelation regimen on cardiovascular events in patients with previous myocardial infarction: The TACT randomized trial (2013) JAMA, 309, pp. 1241-1250. , TACT Investigators; Been, JV, Nurmatov, UB, Cox, B, Nawrot, TS, van Schayck, CP, Sheikh, A., Effect of smoke-free legislation on perinatal and child health: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2014) Lancet, 383, pp. 1549-1560; Peterson, GCL, Hogrefe, C, Corrigan, AE, Neas, LM, Mathur, R, Rappold, AG., Impact of reductions in emissions from major source sectors on fine particulate matter-related cardiovascular mortality (2020) Environ Health Perspect, 128, p. 17005; Ruiz-Hernandez, A, Navas-Acien, A, PastorBarriuso, R, Declining exposures to lead and cadmium contribute to explaining the reduction of cardiovascular mortality in the US population, 1988-2004 (2017) Int J Epidemiol, 46, pp. 1903-1912; Flanagan, SV, Braman, S, Puelle, R, Leveraging health care communication channels for environmental health outreach in New Jersey (2020) J Public Health Manag Pract, 26, pp. E23-E26; Hadley, MB, Vedanthan, R, Fuster, V., Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: A window of opportunity (2018) Nat Rev Cardiol, 15, pp. 193-194; Wong, KH, Durrani, TS., Exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals in consumer products-a guide for pediatricians (2017) Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care, 47, pp. 107-118; (2010) General food environment resources, , https://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/healthtopics/healthyfood/general.htm, Centers for Disease Contol and Prevention. Accessed 10 July 2019; Swinburn, B, Sacks, G, Vandevijvere, S, INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support): Overview and key principles (2013) Obes Rev, 14, pp. 1-12. , INFORMAS. (Suppl. 1); Glanz, K, Sallis, JF, Saelens, BE, Frank, LD., Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in stores (NEMS-S): Development and evaluation (2007) Am J Prev Med, 32, pp. 282-289; Food environment atlas, , https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/food-environmentatlas/2019, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. Accessed 10 July 2019; Herforth, A, Ahmed, S., The food environment, its effects on dietary consumption, and potential for measurement within agriculture-nutrition interventions (2015) Food Secur, 7, pp. 505-520; Lytle, LA, Sokol, RL., Measures of the food environment: A systematic review of the field, 2007-2015 (2017) Health Place, 44, pp. 18-34; McKinnon, RA, Reedy, J, Morrissette, MA, Lytle, LA, Yaroch, AL., Measures of the food environment: A compilation of the literature, 19902007 (2009) Am J Prev Med, 36, pp. S124-S133. , (Suppl); Turner, C, Aggarwal, A, Walls, H, Concepts and critical perspectives for food environment research: A global framework with implications for action in lowand middle-income countries (2018) Glob Food Secur, 18, pp. 93-101; Ahern, M, Brown, C, Dukas, S., A national study of the association between food environments and county-level health outcomes (2011) J Rural Health, 27, pp. 367-379; Haynes-Maslow, L, Leone, LA., Examining the relationship between the food environment and adult diabetes prevalence by county economic and racial composition: An ecological study (2017) BMC Public Health, 17, p. 648; Auchincloss, AH, Diez Roux, AV, Mujahid, MS, Shen, M, Bertoni, AG, Carnethon, MR., Neighborhood resources for physical activity and healthy foods and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2009) Arch Intern Med, 169, pp. 1698-1704; den Braver, NR, Lakerveld, J, Rutters, F, Schoonmade, LJ, Brug, J, Beulens, JWJ., Built environmental characteristics and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) BMC Med, 16, p. 12; Gebreab, SY, Hickson, DA, Sims, M, Neighborhood social and physical environments and type 2 diabetes mellitus in African Americans: The Jackson Heart Study (2017) Health Place, 43, pp. 128-137; Herrick, CJ, Yount, BW, Eyler, AA., Implications of supermarket access, neighbourhood walkability and poverty rates for diabetes risk in an employee population (2016) Public Health Nutr, 19, pp. 2040-2048; Christine, PJ, Auchincloss, AH, Bertoni, AG, Longitudinal associations between neighborhood physical and social environments and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: The MultiEthnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (2015) JAMA Intern Med, 175, pp. 1311-1320; Meyer, KA, Boone-Heinonen, J, Duffey, KJ, Combined measure of neighborhood food and physical activity environments and weightrelated outcomes: The CARDIA study (2015) Health Place, 33, pp. 9-18; Tabaei, BP, Rundle, AG, Wu, WY, Associations of residential socioeconomic, food, and built environments with glycemic control in personswithdiabetesinNewYorkCityfrom20072013 (2018) Am J Epidemiol, 187, pp. 736-745; Kern, DM, Auchincloss, AH, Stehr, MF, Neighborhood price of healthier food relative to unhealthy food and its association with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2018) Prev Med, 106, pp. 122-129; Coleman-Jensen, A, Gregory, C, Singh, A., (2014) Household food security in the United States in 2013 (Economic Research Report No. 173), , https://www.ers.usda.gov/webdocs/publications/45265/48787_err173.pdf?v50, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Accessed 25 October 2020; Seligman, HK, Lyles, C, Marshall, MB, A pilot food bank intervention featuring diabetesappropriate food improved glycemic control among clients in three states (2015) Health Aff (Millwood), 34, pp. 1956-1963; Berkowitz, SA, Seligman, HK, Choudhry, NK., Treat or eat: Food insecurity, cost-related medication underuse, and unmet needs (2014) Am J Med, 127, pp. 303-310. , e3; Walker, RJ, Gebregziabher, M, Martin-Harris, B, Egede, LE., Quantifying direct effects of social determinants of health on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes (2015) Diabetes Technol Ther, 17, pp. 80-87; Walker, RJ, Williams, JS, Egede, LE., Pathways between food insecurity and glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes (2018) Public Health Nutr, 21, pp. 3237-3244; Seligman, HK, Schillinger, D., Hunger and socioeconomic disparities in chronic disease (2010) N Engl J Med, 363, pp. 6-9; Orr, CJ, Keyserling, TC, Ammerman, AS, Berkowitz, SA., Diet quality trends among adults with diabetes by socioeconomic status in the U.S.: 1999-2014 (2019) BMC Endocr Disord, 19, p. 54; Drewnowski, A, Eichelsdoerfer, P., Can lowincome Americans afford a healthy diet? (2010) Nutr Today, 44, pp. 246-249; Darmon, N, Drewnowski, A., Contribution of food prices and diet cost to socioeconomic disparities in diet quality and health: A systematic review and analysis (2015) Nutr Rev, 73, pp. 643-660; Bomberg, EM, Neuhaus, J, Hake, MM, Engelhard, EM, Seligman, HK., Food preferences and coping strategies among diabetic and nondiabetic households served by US food pantries (2019) J Hunger Environ Nutr, 14, pp. 4-17; Billimek, J, Sorkin, DH., Food insecurity, processes of care, and self-reported medication underuse in patients with type 2 diabetes: Results from the California Health Interview Survey (2012) Health Serv Res, 47, pp. 2159-2168; Herman, D, Afulani, P, Coleman-Jensen, A, Harrison, GG., Food insecurity and cost-related medication underuse among nonelderly adults in a nationally representative sample (2015) Am J Public Health, 105, pp. e48-e59; Silverman, J, Krieger, J, Kiefer, M, Hebert, P, Robinson, J, Nelson, K., The relationship between food insecurity and depression, diabetes distress and medication adherence among low-income patients with poorly-controlled diabetes (2015) J Gen Intern Med, 30, pp. 1476-1480; Leung, CW, Epel, ES, Willett, WC, Rimm, EB, Laraia, BA., Household food insecurity is positively associated with depression among low-income supplemental nutrition assistance program participants and income-eligible nonparticipants (2015) J Nutr, 145, pp. 622-627; Arenas, DJ, Thomas, A, Wang, J, DeLisser, HM., A systematic review and meta-analysis of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders in US adults with food insecurity (2019) J Gen Intern Med, 34, pp. 2874-2882; Kinsey, EW, Dupuis, R, Oberle, M, Cannuscio, CC, Hillier, A., Chronic disease self-management within the monthly benefit cycle of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (2019) Public Health Nutr, 22, pp. 2248-2259; Seligman, HK, Bindman, AB, Vittinghoff, E, Kanaya, AM, Kushel, MB., Food insecurity is associated with diabetes mellitus: Results from the National Health Examination and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002 (2007) J Gen Intern Med, 22, pp. 1018-1023; Berkowitz, SA, Karter, AJ, Corbie-Smith, G, Food insecurity, food “deserts,” and glycemic control in patients with diabetes: A longitudinal analysis (2018) Diabetes Care, 41, pp. 1188-1195; Barnard, LS, Wexler, DJ, DeWalt, D, Berkowitz, SA., Material need support interventions for diabetes prevention and control: A systematic review (2015) Curr Diab Rep, 15, p. 574; Seligman, HK, Bolger, AF, Guzman, D, L ópez, A, Bibbins-Domingo, K., Exhaustion of food budgets at month’s end and hospital admissions for hypoglycemia (2014) Health Aff (Millwood), 33, pp. 116-123; Seligman, HK, Davis, TC, Schillinger, D, Wolf, MS., Food insecurity is associated with hypoglycemia and poor diabetes self-management in a low-income sample with diabetes (2010) J Health Care Poor Underserved, 21, pp. 1227-1233; Seligman, HK, Jacobs, EA, L ópez, A, Tschann, J, Fernandez, A., Food insecurity and glycemic control among low-income patients with type 2 diabetes (2012) Diabetes Care, 35, pp. 233-238; Berkowitz, SA, Baggett, TP, Wexler, DJ, Huskey, KW, Wee, CC., Food insecurity and metabolic control among U.S. adults with diabetes (2013) Diabetes Care, 36, pp. 3093-3099; Berkowitz, SA, Karter, AJ, Lyles, CR, Low socioeconomic status is associated with increased risk for hypoglycemia in diabetes patients: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE) (2014) J Health Care Poor Underserved, 25, pp. 478-490; Heerman, WJ, Wallston, KA, Osborn, CY, Food insecurity is associated with diabetes selfcare behaviours and glycaemic control (2016) Diabet Med, 33, pp. 844-850; Seligman, HK, Smith, M, Rosenmoss, S, Marshall, MB, Waxman, E., Comprehensive diabetes self-management support from food banks: A randomized controlled trial (2018) Am J Public Health, 108, pp. 1227-1234; Palar, K, Napoles, T, Hufstedler, LL, Comprehensive and medically appropriate food support is associated with improved HIV and diabetes health (2017) J Urban Health, 94, pp. 87-99; Richardson, AS, Ghosh-Dastidar, M, Beckman, R, Can the introduction of a full-service supermarket in a food desert improve residents’ economic status and health? (2017) Ann Epidemiol, 27, pp. 771-776; Zhang, YT, Mujahid, MS, Laraia, BA, Association between neighborhood supermarket presence and glycated hemoglobin levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2017) Am J Epidemiol, 185, pp. 1297-1303; Gary-Webb, TL, Egnot, NS, Nugroho, A, Dubowitz, T, Troxel, WM., Changes in perceptions of neighborhood environment and cardiometabolic outcomes in two predominantly African American neighborhoods (2020) BMC Public Health, 20, p. 52; Dubowitz, T, Ghosh-Dastidar, M, Cohen, DA, Diet and perceptions change with supermarket introduction in a food desert, but not because of supermarket use (2015) Health Aff (Millwood), 34, pp. 1858-1868; Baird, MD, Schwartz, HL, Hunter, GP, Does large-scale neighborhood reinvestment work? Effects of public-private real estate investment on local sales prices, rental prices, and crime rates (2020) Hous Policy Debate, 30, p. 164190; Kazemian, P, Shebl, FM, McCann, N, Walensky, RP, Wexler, DJ., Evaluation of the cascade of diabetes care in the United States, 20052016 (2019) JAMA Intern Med, 179, pp. 1376-1385; Danaei, G, Friedman, AB, Oza, S, Murray, CJL, Ezzati, M., Diabetes prevalence and diagnosis in US states: Analysis of health surveys (2009) Popul Health Metr, 7, p. 16; Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2017 (2018) Diabetes Care, 41, pp. 917-928. , American Diabetes Association; Liese, AD, Ma, X, Reid, L, Health care access and glycemic control in youth and young adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in South Carolina (2019) Pediatr Diabetes, 20, pp. 321-329; Ngo-Metzger, Q, Sorkin, DH, Billimek, J, Greenfield, S, Kaplan, SH., The effects of financial pressures on adherence and glucose control among racial/ethnically diverse patients with diabetes (2012) J Gen Intern Med, 27, pp. 432-437; Lu, H, Holt, JB, Cheng, YJ, Zhang, X, Onufrak, S, Croft, JB., Population-based geographic access to endocrinologists in the United States, 2012 (2015) BMC Health Serv Res, 15, p. 541; L òpez-DeFede, A, Stewart, JE., Diagnosed diabetes prevalence and risk factor rankings, by state, 2014-2016: A ring map visualization (2019) Prev Chronic Dis, 16, p. E44; Rutledge, SA, Masalovich, S, Blacher, RJ, Saunders, MM., Diabetes self-management education programs in nonmetropolitan countiesd United States, 2016 (2017) MMWR Surveill Summ, 66, pp. 1-6; DeVoe, JE, Tillotson, CJ, Wallace, LS., Usual source of care as a health insurance substitute for U.S. adults with diabetes? (2009) Diabetes Care, 32, pp. 983-989; Kang, H, Lobo, JM, Kim, S, Sohn, M-W., Costrelated medication non-adherence among U.S. adults with diabetes (2018) Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 143, pp. 24-33; Lessem, SE, Pendley, RP., QuickStats: Percentage of adults aged $45 years who reduced or delayed medication to save money in the past 12 months among those who were prescribed medication, by diagnosed diabetes status and agedNational Health Interview Survey, 2015 (2017) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 66, p. 679; Patel, MR, Piette, JD, Resnicow, K, KowalskiDobson, T, Heisler, M., Social determinants of health, cost-related non-adherence, and costreducing behaviors among adults with diabetes: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey (2016) Med Care, 54, pp. 796-803; Herkert, D, Vijayakumar, P, Luo, J, Costrelated insulin underuse among patients with diabetes (2019) JAMA Intern Med, 179, pp. 112-114; Piette, JD, Wagner, TH, Potter, MB, Schillinger, D., Health insurance status, cost-related medication underuse, and outcomes among diabetes patients in three systems of care (2004) Med Care, 42, pp. 102-109; Rosenthal, E., When high prices mean needless death (2019) JAMA Intern Med, 179, pp. 114-115; Doucette, ED, Salas, J, Wang, J, Scherrer, JF., Insurance coverage and diabetes quality indicators among patients with diabetes in the US general population (2017) Prim Care Diabetes, 11, pp. 515-521; Ali, MK, Shah, MK., Age and age-old disparities in diabetes care persist (2019) JAMA Intern Med, 179, pp. 1386-1387; Brown, AF, Gregg, EW, Stevens, MR, Race, ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and quality of care for adults with diabetes enrolled in managed care: The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study (2005) Diabetes Care, 28, pp. 2864-2870; Sequist, TD, Adams, A, Zhang, F, Ross-Degnan, D, Ayanian, JZ., Effect of quality improvement on racial disparities in diabetes care (2006) Arch Intern Med, 166, pp. 675-681; Heisler, M, Smith, DM, Hayward, RA, Krein, SL, Kerr, EA., Racial disparities in diabetes care processes, outcomes, and treatment intensity (2003) Med Care, 41, pp. 1221-1232; Hunt, CW, Grant, JS, Appel, SJ., An integrative review of community health advisors in type 2 diabetes (2011) J Community Health, 36, pp. 883-893; Little, TV, Wang, ML, Castro, EM, Jim énez, J, Rosal, MC., Community health worker interventions for Latinos with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (2014) Curr Diab Rep, 14, p. 558; Norris, SL, Chowdhury, FM, Van Le, K, Effectiveness of community health workers in the care of persons with diabetes (2006) Diabet Med, 23, pp. 544-556; Shah, M, Kaselitz, E, Heisler, M., The role of community health workers in diabetes: Update on current literature (2013) Curr Diab Rep, 13, pp. 163-171; Islam, N, Nadkarni, SK, Zahn, D, Skillman, M, Kwon, SC, Trinh-Shevrin, C., Integrating community health workers within Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act implementation (2015) J Public Health Manag Pract, 21, pp. 42-50; (2015) Addressing Chronic Disease Through Community Health Workers: A Policy and Systems-Level Approach, , https://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/docs/chw_brief.pdf, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Second Edition. Atlanta, GA, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, April Accessed 25 October 2020; Community programs linked to clinical services community health workers: Reimbursement/advocacy, , https://www.chronicdisease.org/mpage/domain4_chw_ra, National Association of Chronic Disease Directors. Accessed 10 June 2020; Egbujie, BA, Delobelle, PA, Levitt, N, Puoane, T, Sanders, D, van Wyk, B., Role of community health workers in type 2 diabetes mellitus selfmanagement: A scoping review (2018) PLoS One, 13, p. e0198424; Palmas, W, March, D, Darakjy, S, Community health worker interventions to improve glycemic control in people with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2015) J Gen Intern Med, 30, pp. 1004-1012; Gary, TL, Batts-Turner, M, Yeh, HC, The effects of a nurse case manager and a community health worker team on diabetic control, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations among urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial (2009) Arch Intern Med, 169, pp. 1788-1794; Kangovi, S, Mitra, N, Grande, D, Huo, H, Smith, RA, Long, JA., Community health worker support for disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic diseases: A randomized clinical trial (2017) Am J Public Health, 107, pp. 1660-1667; Kangovi, S, Mitra, N, Norton, L, Effect of community health worker support on clinical outcomes of low-income patients across primary care facilities: A randomized clinical trial (2018) JAMA Intern Med, 178, pp. 1635-1643; Peek, ME, Cargill, A, Huang, ES., Diabetes health disparities: A systematic review of health care interventions (2007) Med Care Res Rev, 64, pp. 101S-156S. , (Suppl); Ricci-Cabello, I, Ruiz-Pérez, I, Nevot-Cordero, A, Rodríguez-Barranco, M, Sordo, L, Gonçalves, DC., Health care interventions to improve the quality of diabetes care in African Americans: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2013) Diabetes Care, 36, pp. 760-768; Porterfield, D, Jacobs, S, Farrell, K, (2018) RTI International, , https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.chronicdisease.org/resource/resmgr/diabetes_dpp_materials/medicaid_demonstration_proje.pdf, Evaluation of the Medicaid Coverage for the National Diabetes Prevention Program Demonstration Project: Final Report, November Accessed 25 October 2020; Hill-Briggs, F, Lazo, M, Renosky, R, Ewing, C., Usability of a diabetes and cardiovascular disease education module in an African American, diabetic sample with physical, visual, and cognitive impairment (2008) Rehabil Psychol, 53, pp. 1-8; Lilly, CL, Bryant, LL, Leary, JM, Evaluation of the effectiveness of a problemsolving intervention addressing barriers to cardiovascular disease prevention behaviors in 3 underserved populations: Colorado, North Carolina, West Virginia, 2009 (2014) Prev Chronic Dis, 11, p. E32. , MSHA; Boulware, LE, Ephraim, PL, Hill-Briggs, F, Hypertension self-management in socially disadvantaged African Americans: The Achieving Blood Pressure Control Together (ACT) randomized comparative effectiveness trial (2020) J Gen Intern Med, 35, pp. 142-152; Brown, DS, Delavar, A., The Affordable Care Act and insurance coverage for persons with diabetes in the United States (2018) J Hosp Manag Health Policy, 2, p. 2; Casagrande, SS, McEwen, LN, Herman, WH., Changes in health insurance coverage under the Affordable Care Act: A national sample of U.S. adults with diabetes, 2009 and 2016 (2018) Diabetes Care, 41, pp. 956-962; Lee, J, Callaghan, T, Ory, M, Zhao, H, Bolin, JN., The impact of Medicaid expansion on diabetes management (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1094-1101; Kaufman, HW, Chen, Z, Fonseca, VA, McPhaul, MJ., Surge in newly identified diabetes among medicaid patients in 2014 within Medicaid expansion states under the Affordable Care Act (2015) Diabetes Care, 38, pp. 833-837; Zhang, JX, Bhaumik, D, Huang, ES, Meltzer, DO., Change in insurance status and cost-related medication non-adherence among older U.S. adults with diabetes from 2010 to 2014 (2018) J Health Med Econ, 4, p. 7; Tunstall, H, Mitchell, R, Gibbs, J, Platt, S, Dorling, D., Is economic adversity always a killer? Disadvantaged areas with relatively low mortality rates (2007) J Epidemiol Community Health, 61, pp. 337-343; Kawachi, I, Berkman, L., Social cohesion, social capital, and health (2000) Social Epidemiology, p. 174. , Berkman LF, Kawachi I, Eds. New York, Oxford University Press; Whitehead, M, Diderichsen, F., Social capital and health: Tip-toeing through the minefield of evidence (2001) Lancet, 358, pp. 165-166; Hawe, P, Shiell, A., Social capital and health promotion: A review (2000) Soc Sci Med, 51, pp. 871-885; Szreter, S, Woolcock, M., Health by association? Social capital, social theory, and the political economy of public health (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 650-667; Gittell, R, Vidal, A., (1998) Community Organizing: Building Social Capital as a Development Strategy, , Thousand Oaks, CA, Sage Publications, Inc; Portes, A., Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology (1998) Annu Rev Sociol, 24, pp. 1-24; van Staveren, IP, Pervaiz, Z, Chaudhary, AR., Diversity, inclusiveness and social cohesion (2013) ISS Working Paper Series/General Series, , http://hdl.handle.net/1765/50480, Accessed 25 October 2020; Social determinants of health: Evidence on social determinants of health, , https://www.who.int/social_determinants/themes/en/, World Health Organization. Accessed 25 October 2020; Berger-Schmitt, R., Considering social cohesion in quality of life assessments: Concept and measurement (2002) Soc Indic Res, 58, pp. 403-428; Berger-Schmitt, R, Noll, HH., Conceptual framework and structure of a European system of social indicator (2000), EuroReporting Working Paper #9. Mannheim, Centre for Survey Research and Methodology; Chuang, Y-C, Chuang, K-Y, Yang, T-H., Social cohesion matters in health (2013) Int J Equity Health, 12, p. 87; van Dam, HA, van der Horst, FG, Knoops, L, Ryckman, RM, Crebolder, HF, van den Borne, BH., Social support in diabetes: A systematic review of controlled intervention studies (2005) Patient Educ Couns, 59, pp. 1-12; Taylor, SE., Social support: A review (2011) The Handbook of Health Psychology, pp. 189-214. , Friedman MS, Ed. New York, Oxford University Press; Strom, JL, Egede, LE., The impact of social support on outcomes in adult patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review (2012) Curr Diab Rep, 12, pp. 769-781; Ford, ME, Tilley, BC, McDonald, PE., Social support among African-American adults with diabetes, part 2: A review (1998) J Natl Med Assoc, 90, pp. 425-432; Thoits, PA., Social support an psychological well-being: Theoretical possibilities (1985) Social Support: Theory, Research, and Application, pp. 53-72. , Sarason IG, Sarason BR, Eds. Hingram, MA, Kluwer; Flôr, CR, Baldoni, NR, Aquino, JA, What is the association between social capital and diabetes mellitus? A systematic review (2018) Diabetes Metab Syndr, 12, pp. 601-605; Farajzadegan, Z, Jafari, N, Nazer, S, Keyvanara, M, Zamani, A., Social capitalda neglected issue in diabetes control: A cross-sectional survey in Iran (2013) Health Soc Care Community, 21, pp. 98-103; Long, JA, Field, S, Armstrong, K, Chang, VW, Metlay, JP., Social capital and glucose control (2010) J Community Health, 35, pp. 519-526; Mendoza-N únez, VM, Flores-Bello, C, CorreaMunoz, E, Retana-U Galde, R, Ruiz-Ramos, M., Relationship between social support networks and diabetes control and its impact on the quality of life in older community-dwelling Mexicans (2016) Nutr Hosp, 33, pp. 1312-1316; Ciechanowski, P, Russo, J, Katon, WJ, Relationship styles and mortality in patients with diabetes (2010) Diabetes Care, 33, pp. 539-544; Trief, P, Sandberg, JG, Ploutz-Snyder, R, Promoting couples collaboration in type 2 diabetes: The diabetes support project pilot data (2011) Fam Syst Health, 29, pp. 253-261; Roblin, DW., The potential of cellular technology to mediate social networks for support of chronic disease self-management (2011) J Health Commun, 16, pp. 59-76. , (Suppl. 1); Tang, TS, Brown, MB, Funnell, MM, Anderson, RM., Social support, quality of life, and selfcarebehaviorsamongAfricanAmericanswith type 2 diabetes (2008) Diabetes Educ, 34, p. 266276; Zhang, X, Norris, SL, Gregg, EW, Beckles, G., Social support and mortality among older persons with diabetes (2007) Diabetes Educ, 33, pp. 273-281; Williams, DR, Lawrence, JA, Davis, BA., Racism and health: Evidence and needed research (2019) Annu Rev Public Health, 40, pp. 105-125; Reskin, B., The race discrimination system (2012) Annu Rev Sociol, 38, pp. 17-35; Whitaker, KM, Everson-Rose, SA, Pankow, JS, Experiences of discrimination and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (2017) Am J Epidemiol, 186, pp. 445-455; Bacon, KL, Stuver, SO, Cozier, YC, Palmer, JR, Rosenberg, L, Ruiz-Narváez, EA., Perceived racism and incident diabetes in the Black Women’s Health Study (2017) Diabetologia, 60, pp. 2221-2225; Sarkar, U, Piette, JD, Gonzales, R, Preferences for self-management support: Findings from a survey of diabetes patients in safety-net health systems (2008) Patient Educ Couns, 70, pp. 102-110; (2016) A Framework for Educating Health Professionals to Address the Social Determinants of Health, , National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington, DC, The National Academies Press; Alley, DE, Asomugha, CN, Conway, PH, Sanghavi, DM., Accountable health communitiesdaddressing social needs through Medicare and Medicaid (2016) N Engl J Med, 374, pp. 8-11; Gottlieb, LM, Tirozzi, KJ, Manchanda, R, Burns, AR, Sandel, MT., Moving electronic medical records upstream: Incorporating social determinants of health (2015) Am J Prev Med, 48, pp. 215-218; Adler, NE, Stead, WW., Patients in contextd EHR capture of social and behavioral determinants of health (2015) N Engl J Med, 372, pp. 698-701; Giuse, NB, Koonce, TY, Kusnoor, SV, Institute of Medicine measures of social and behavioral determinants of health: A feasibility study (2017) Am J Prev Med, 52, pp. 199-206; Dixon, B, Pena, M-M, Taveras, EM., Lifecourse approach to racial/ethnic disparities in childhood obesity (2012) Adv Nutr, 3, pp. 73-82; Gostin, LO, Hodge, JG, Levin, DE., Legal interventions to address us reductions in life expectancy (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 1037-1038; Thomas, SB, Quinn, SC, Butler, J, Fryer, CS, Garza, MA., Toward a fourth generation of disparities research to achieve health equity (2011) Annu Rev Public Health, 32, pp. 399-416; Angulo, AJ, (2016) Miseducation: A History of Ignorance-Making in America and Abroad, , (Ed). Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press; Douglass, F., Chapter X, Learning to Read (1983) Life and Times of Frederick Douglass, , New York, Citadel Press; Bell, D., (2004) Silent Covenants: Brown v. Board of Education and the Unfulfilled Hopes for Racial Reform, , New York, Oxford University Press; Rothstein, E., (2017) The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America, , New York, W.W. Norton and Co. Inc; (1936) Underwriting Manual. Underwriting and Valuation Procedure Under Title II of the National Housing Act, , Federal Housing Authority. Washington, DC, Federal Housing Administration; Eisenhauer, E., In poor health: Supermarket redlining and urban nutrition (2001) GeoJournal, 53, pp. 125-133 PY - 2021 SN - 01495992 (ISSN) SP - 258-279 ST - Social determinants of health and diabetes: A scientific review T2 - Diabetes Care TI - Social determinants of health and diabetes: A scientific review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097821318&doi=10.2337%2fdci20-0053&partnerID=40&md5=725cdfb2cec424b43953ebf265ae731d VL - 44 ID - 210 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States Adolescent Health Unit, Institute of Child Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States Department of Sociology, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States Department of Public Health Education, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium Academic Network for Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Policy, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Centre for Population, Family and Health, Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 510095, United States AU - Hlatshwako, T. G. AU - Shah, S. J. AU - Kosana, P. AU - Adebayo, E. AU - Hendriks, J. AU - Larsson, E. C. AU - Hensel, D. J. AU - Erausquin, J. T. AU - Marks, M. AU - Michielsen, K. AU - Saltis, H. AU - Francis, J. M. AU - Wouters, E. AU - Tucker, J. D. C2 - 33509387 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2589-7500(21)00002-9 IS - 2 J2 - Lancet Digit. Heal. KW - health survey human Internet research COVID-19 Health Surveys Humans LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID, K24AI143471 Funding text 1: We would like to thank Sarah Van de Velde, Maximiliane Uhlich, Dan Wu, Stefano Eleuteri, Wei-Hong Zhang, and Adesola Olumide for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. JDT received financial support from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (K24AI143471). We declare no competing interests. References: Watts, G., COVID-19 and the digital divide in the UK (2020) Lancet Digit Health, 2, pp. e395-e396; Gnambs, T., Kaspar, K., Disclosure of sensitive behaviors across self-administered survey modes: a meta-analysis (2015) Behav Res Methods, 47, pp. 1237-1259; Eysenbach, G., Wyatt, J., Using the Internet for surveys and health research (2002) J Med Internet Res, 4, p. E13; Ball, H.L., Conducting online surveys (2019) J Hum Lact, 35, pp. 413-417; Evans Joel, R., Mathur, A., The value of online surveys (2005) Internet Res, 15, pp. 195-219; Michielsen, K., Larrson, E.C., Kågesten, A., International sexual health and REproductive health (I-SHARE) survey during COVID-19: study protocol for online national surveys and global comparative analyses (2020) Sex Transm Infect, , published online Oct 20; Dabalen, A., Etang, A., Hoogeveen, J., Mushi, E., Schipper, Y., von Engelhardt, J., Mobile phone panel surveys in developing countries: a practical guide for microdata collection (2016), https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/24595/9781464809040.pdf, (Accessed 7 January 2021); Ali, S.H., Foreman, J., Capasso, A., Jones, A.M., Tozan, Y., DiClemente, R.J., Social media as a recruitment platform for a nationwide online survey of COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, and practices in the United States: methodology and feasibility analysis (2020) BMC Med Res Methodol, 20, p. 116; Himelein, K., Eckman, S., Lau, C., Mckenzie, D., Mobile phone surveys for understanding COVID-19 impacts: part I sampling and mode (2020) World Bank, , https://blogs.worldbank.org/impactevaluations/mobile-phone-surveys-understanding-covid-19-impacts-part-i-sampling-and-mode, (Accessed 7 January 2021); Thomas, L., Peterson, E.D., The value of statistical analysis plans in observational research: defining high-quality research from the start (2012) JAMA, 308, pp. 773-774 PY - 2021 SN - 25897500 (ISSN) SP - e76-e77 ST - Online health survey research during COVID-19 T2 - The Lancet Digital Health TI - Online health survey research during COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099815556&doi=10.1016%2fS2589-7500%2821%2900002-9&partnerID=40&md5=23821c4d095ad56986ae942f760aca50 VL - 3 ID - 123 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: It has been widely communicated that individuals with underlying health conditions are at higher risk of severe disease due to COVID-19 than healthy peers. As social distancing measures continue during the COVID-19 pandemic, experts encourage individuals with underlying conditions to engage in telehealth appointments to maintain continuity of care while minimizing risk exposure. To date, however, little information has been provided regarding telehealth uptake among this high-risk population. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the telehealth use, resource needs, and information sources of individuals with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary objectives include exploring differences in telehealth use by sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Data for this study were collected through an electronic survey distributed between May 12-14, 2020, to members of 26 online health communities for individuals with chronic disease. Descriptive statistics were run to explore telehealth use, support needs, and information sources, and z tests were run to assess differences in sociodemographic factors and information and support needs among those who did and did not use telehealth services. Results: Among the 2210 respondents, 1073 (49%) reported engaging in telehealth in the past 4 months. Higher proportions of women engaged in telehealth than men (890/1781, 50% vs 181/424, 43%; P=.007), and a higher proportion of those earning household incomes of more than US $100,000 engaged in telehealth than those earning less than US $30,000 (195/370, 53% vs 241/530 45%; P=.003). Although 59% (133/244) of those younger than 40 years and 54% (263/486) of those aged 40-55 years used telehealth, aging populations were less likely to do so, with only 45% (677/1500) of individuals 56 years or older reporting telehealth use (P<.001 and P=.001, respectively). Patients with cystic fibrosis, lupus, and ankylosing spondylitis recorded the highest proportions of individuals using telehealth when compared to those with other diagnoses. Of the 2210 participants, 1333 (60%) participants either looked up information about the virus online or planned to in the future, and when asked what information or support would be most helpful right now, over half (1151/2210, 52%) responded “understanding how COVID-19 affects people with my health condition.” Conclusions: Nearly half of the study sample reported participating in telehealth in the past 4 months. Future efforts to engage individuals with underlying medical conditions in telehealth should focus on outreach to men, members of lower-income households, and aging populations. These results may help inform and refine future health communications to further engage this at-risk population in telehealth as the pandemic continues. © Lindsey Nicole Horrell, Sara Hayes, Leslie Beth Herbert, Katie MacTurk, Lauren Lawhon, Carmina G Valle, Amrita Bhowmick. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 18.02.2021. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. AD - William F Connell School of Nursing, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States Health Union, LLC, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Horrell, L. N. AU - Hayes, S. AU - Herbert, L. B. AU - MacTurk, K. AU - Lawhon, L. AU - Valle, C. G. AU - Bhowmick, A. C2 - 33539307 C7 - e23795 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2196/23795 IS - 2 J2 - J. Med. Internet Res. KW - Chronic disease Coronavirus COVID-19 Telehealth Telemedicine diagnosis female human Internet male middle aged pandemic procedures questionnaire Humans Learning Health System Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 Surveys and Questionnaires LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Horrell, L.N.; William F Connell School of Nursing, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, United States; email: lindsey.horrell@bc.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, T32CA128582 Funding details: National Cancer Institute, NCI Funding text 1: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number T32CA128582. References: (2020) People with certain medical conditions, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/groups-at-higher-risk.html, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Division of Viral Diseases. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Aug 14. [accessed 2020-08-23]; Güner, R, Hasanoğlu, I, Aktaş, F., COVID-19: prevention and control measures in community (2020) Turk J Med Sci, 50 (SI-1), pp. 571-577. , Apr 21; [doi] [Medline: 32293835]; (2020) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public, , https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public, World Health Organization. Jun 04. [accessed 2020-08-23]; (2006) Telemedicine, telehealth and health information technology, , https://www.who.int/goe/policies/countries/usa_support_tele.pdf?ua=1, The American Telemedicine Association. World Health Organization. [accessed 2020-10-16]; Burki, TK., Cancer guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21 (5), pp. 629-630. , May; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32247319]; Hakim, AA, Kellish, AS, Atabek, U, Spitz, FR, Hong, YK., Implications for the use of telehealth in surgical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Am J Surg, 220 (1), pp. 48-49. , Jul; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32336519]; Liu, N, Huang, R, Baldacchino, T, Sud, A, Sud, K, Khadra, M, Telehealth for noncritical patients with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (8), p. e19493. , Aug 07; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32721925]; Singh, AK, Gupta, R, Ghosh, A, Misra, A., Diabetes in COVID-19: prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations (2020) Diabetes Metab Syndr, 14 (4), pp. 303-310. , [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32298981]; Al-Shamsi, HO, Alhazzani, W, Alhuraiji, A, Coomes, EA, Chemaly, RF, Almuhanna, M, A practical approach to the management of cancer patients during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: an international collaborative group (2020) Oncologist, 25 (6), pp. e936-e945. , Jun; [doi] [Medline: 32243668]; Anthony Jnr, B., Use of telemedicine and virtual care for remote treatment in response to COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J Med Syst, 44 (7), p. 132. , Jun 15; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32542571]; Contreras, CM, Metzger, GA, Beane, JD, Dedhia, PH, Ejaz, A, Pawlik, TM., Telemedicine: patient-provider clinical engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond (2020) J Gastrointest Surg, 24 (7), pp. 1692-1697. , Jul; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32385614]; Green, BM, Van Horn, KT, Gupte, K, Evans, M, Hayes, S, Bhowmick, A., Assessment of adaptive engagement and support model for people with chronic health conditions in online health communities: combined content analysis (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (7), p. e17338. , Jul 07; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32492651]; (2004), http://www.cancer.gov/publications/health-communication/pink-book.pdf, Making health communication programs work. National Cancer Institute. [accessed 2020-08-23]; Niu, Z, Wang, T, Hu, P, Mei, J, Tang, Z., Chinese public's engagement in preventive and intervening health behaviors during the early breakout of COVID-19: cross-sectional study (2020) J Med Internet Res, 22 (8), p. e19995. , Aug 21; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32716897]; Liu, N, Kim, J, Jung, Y, Arisy, A, Nicdao, MA, Mikaheal, M, Remote monitoring systems for chronic patients on home hemodialysis: field test of a copresence-enhanced design (2017) JMIR Hum Factors, 4 (3), p. e21. , Aug 29; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 28851680]; Zhai, Y, Wang, Y, Zhang, M, Gittell, JH, Jiang, S, Chen, B, From isolation to coordination: how can telemedicine help combat the Covid-19 outbreak? medRxiv (2020), Preprint posted online February 23, [doi]; Zhou, X, Snoswell, CL, Harding, LE, Bambling, M, Edirippulige, S, Bai, X, The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from COVID-19 (2020) Telemed J E Health, 26 (4), pp. 377-379. , Apr; [doi] [Medline: 32202977]; Kontos, E, Blake, KD, Chou, WS, Prestin, A., Predictors of eHealth usage: insights on the digital divide from the Health Information National Trends Survey 2012 (2014) J Med Internet Res, 16 (7), p. e172. , Jul 16; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 25048379]; Asan, O, Cooper Ii, F, Nagavally, S, Walker, RJ, Williams, JS, Ozieh, MN, Preferences for health information technologies among US adults: analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey (2018) J Med Internet Res, 20 (10), p. e277. , Oct 18; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 30341048]; Jaffe, DH, Lee, L, Huynh, S, Haskell, TP., Health inequalities in the use of telehealth in the United States in the lens of COVID-19 (2020) Popul Health Manag, 23 (5), pp. 368-377. , Oct; [doi] [Medline: 32816644]; Li, P, Liu, X, Mason, E, Hu, G, Zhou, Y, Li, W, How telemedicine integrated into China's anti-COVID-19 strategies: case from a National Referral Center (2020) BMJ Health Care Inform, 27 (3), p. e100164. , Aug; [doi] [Medline: 32830110]; Huang, X, Wei, F, Hu, L, Wen, L, Chen, K., Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 (2020) Arch Iran Med, 23 (4), pp. 268-271. , Apr 01; [doi] [Medline: 32271601]; Hu, S, Wang, W, Wang, Y, Litvinova, M, Luo, K, Ren, L, Infectivity, susceptibility, and risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 transmission under intensive contact tracing in Hunan, China (2020) medRxiv, , Preprint posted online July 24, [doi] [Medline: 32793929]; Zhou, F, Yu, T, Du, R, Fan, G, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395 (10229), pp. 1054-1062. , Mar 28; [FREE Full _text] [doi] [Medline: 32171076]; Nouri, S, Khoong, EC, Lyles, CR, Karliner, L., Addressing equity in telemedicine for chronic disease management during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020) NEJM Catalyst, 1 (3), pp. 1-13. , May 04; [FREE Full _text]; Katzow, MW, Steinway, C, Jan, S., Telemedicine and Health Disparities During COVID-19 (2020) Pediatrics, 146 (2), p. e20201586. , Aug; [doi] [Medline: 32747592] PY - 2021 SN - 14388871 (ISSN) ST - Telemedicine use and health-related concerns of patients with chronic conditions during COVID-19: Survey of members of online health communities T2 - Journal of Medical Internet Research TI - Telemedicine use and health-related concerns of patients with chronic conditions during COVID-19: Survey of members of online health communities UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101105063&doi=10.2196%2f23795&partnerID=40&md5=027ad3bf6f6bea835661af56b4583577 VL - 23 ID - 117 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The spike aspartic acid-614 to glycine (D614G) substitution is prevalent in global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains, but its effects on viral pathogenesis and transmissibility remain unclear. We engineered a SARS-CoV-2 variant containing this substitution. The variant exhibits more efficient infection, replication, and competitive fitness in primary human airway epithelial cells but maintains similar morphology and in vitro neutralization properties, compared with the ancestral wild-type virus. Infection of human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transgenic mice and Syrian hamsters with both viruses resulted in similar viral titers in respiratory tissues and pulmonary disease. However, the D614G variant transmits significantly faster and displayed increased competitive fitness than the wild-type virus in hamsters. These data show that the D614G substitution enhances SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, competitive fitness, and transmission in primary human cells and animal models. © 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan AU - Hou, Y. J. AU - Chiba, S. AU - Halfmann, P. AU - Ehre, C. AU - Kuroda, M. AU - Dinnon, K. H. AU - Leist, S. R. AU - Schäfer, A. AU - Nakajima, N. AU - Takahashi, K. AU - Lee, R. E. AU - Mascenik, T. M. AU - Graham, R. AU - Edwards, C. E. AU - Tse, L. V. AU - Okuda, K. AU - Markmann, A. J. AU - Bartelt, L. AU - Silva, A. D. AU - Margolis, D. M. AU - Boucher, R. C. AU - Randell, S. H. AU - Suzuki, T. AU - Gralinski, L. E. AU - Kawaoka, Y. AU - Baric, R. S. C2 - 33184236 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/science.abe8499 IS - 6523 J2 - Sci. KW - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 asparagine glycine bioengineering disease transmission pathogenicity rodent severe acute respiratory syndrome virus airway epithelium cell Article biological model cell structure comparative study coronavirus disease 2019 ex vivo study human in vitro study in vivo study lung disease lung parenchyma nonhuman pathogenesis priority journal Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 D614G virus load virus neutralization virus replication virus strain virus transmission amino acid substitution animal genetics hamster Mesocricetus mouse reproductive fitness respiratory mucosa transgenic mouse virology virulence Cricetinae Mesocricetus auratus Mus musculus SARS coronavirus Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Animals COVID-19 Genetic Fitness Humans Mice Mice, Transgenic SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :65 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: SCIEA Correspondence Address: Baric, R.S.; Department of Epidemiology, United States; email: rbaric@email.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Kawaoka, Y.; Influenza Research Institute, United States; email: yoshihiro.kawaoka@wisc.edu Chemicals/CAS: asparagine, 70-47-3, 7006-34-0; glycine, 56-40-6, 6000-43-7, 6000-44-8; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Asparagine; Glycine References: Denison, M. R., Graham, R. L., Donaldson, E. F., Eckerle, L. D., Baric, R. S., (2011) RNA Biol, 8, pp. 270-279; Graham, R. L., (2012) Nat. Med, 18, pp. 1820-1826; Lorenzo-Redondo, R., https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.19.20107144, medRxiv 2020.05.19.20107144 [Preprint]. 21 June 2020; Korber, B., (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 812-827. , e19; Weissman, D., medRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20159905, 2020.07.22.20159905 [Preprint]. 12 September 2020; Yurkovetskiy, L., (2020) Cell, 183, pp. 739-751. , e8; Mansbach, R. A., bioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.26.219741, 2020.07.26.219741 [Preprint]. 26 July 2020; Hou, Y. J., (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 429-446. , e14; Li, Q., (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 1284-1294. , e9; Dinnon, K. H., (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 560-566; Imai, M., (2012) Nature, 486, pp. 420-428; Imai, M., (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 117, pp. 16587-16595; Urbanowicz, R. A., (2016) Cell, 167, pp. 1079-1087. , e5; Tsetsarkin, K. A., Weaver, S. C., (2011) PLOS Pathog, 7, p. e1002412; (2004) Science, 303, pp. 1666-1669. , The Chinese SARS Molecular Epidemiology Consortium; ter Meulen, J., (2006) PLOS Med, 3, p. e237; Rockx, B., (2007) J. Virol, 81, pp. 7410-7423; Letko, M., (2018) Cell Rep, 24, pp. 1730-1737; Edwards, C. E., (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 117, pp. 26915-26925; Omotuyi, I. O., (2020) J. Comput. Chem, 41, pp. 2158-2161; Zhang, L., bioRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.148726, 2020.06.12.148726 [Preprint]. 12 June 2020; Beaudoin-Bussières, G., (2020) mBio, 11, pp. e02590-20; Leist, S. R., (2020) Cell; Rockx, B., (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1012-1015; Sungnak, W., (2020) Nat. Med, 26, pp. 681-687; Alizon, S., Hurford, A., Mideo, N., Van Baalen, M., (2009) J. Evol. Biol, 22, pp. 245-259 PY - 2021 SN - 00368075 (ISSN) SP - 1464-1468 ST - SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant exhibits efficient replication ex vivo and transmission in vivo T2 - Science TI - SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant exhibits efficient replication ex vivo and transmission in vivo UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098742011&doi=10.1126%2fscience.abe8499&partnerID=40&md5=873243607164acfce5faee9435793207 VL - 370 ID - 1 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The science around the use of masks by the public to impede COVID-19 transmission is advancing rapidly. In this narrative review, we develop an analytical framework to examine mask usage, synthesizing the relevant literature to inform multiple areas: population impact, transmission characteristics, source control, wearer protection, sociological considerations, and implementation considerations. A primary route of transmission of COVID-19 is via respiratory particles, and it is known to be transmissible from presymptomatic, paucisymptomatic, and asymptomatic individuals. Reducing disease spread requires two things: limiting contacts of infected individuals via physical distancing and other measures and reducing the transmission probability per contact. The preponderance of evidence indicates that mask wearing reduces transmissibility per contact by reducing transmission of infected respiratory particles in both laboratory and clinical contexts. Public mask wearing is most effective at reducing spread of the virus when compliance is high. Given the current shortages of medical masks, we recommend the adoption of public cloth mask wearing, as an effective form of source control, in conjunction with existing hygiene, distancing, and contact tracing strategies. Because many respiratory particles become smaller due to evaporation, we recommend increasing focus on a previously overlooked aspect of mask usage: mask wearing by infectious people (“source control”) with benefits at the population level, rather than only mask wearing by susceptible people, such as health care workers, with focus on individual outcomes. We recommend that public officials and governments strongly encourage the use of widespread face masks in public, including the use of appropriate regulation. © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. AD - San Francisco, CA 94105, United States Data Institute, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94105, United States Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China School of Information, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 6, CZ-165 02, Czech Republic Department of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 6GG, United Kingdom TB Proof, Cape Town, 7130, South Africa School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa Anesthesia Informatics and Media Lab, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Complex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China Department of Information Systems, Business Statistics and Operations Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States Data Umbrella, New York, NY 10031, United States Teacher Education Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium OpenAI, San Francisco, CA 94110, United States Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States AU - Howard, J. AU - Huang, A. AU - Li, Z. AU - Tufekci, Z. AU - Zdimal, V. AU - van der Westhuizen, H. M. AU - von Delft, A. AU - Price, A. AU - Fridman, L. AU - Tang, L. H. AU - Tang, V. AU - Watson, G. L. AU - Bax, C. E. AU - Shaikh, R. AU - Questier, F. AU - Hernandez, D. AU - Chu, L. F. AU - Ramirez, C. M. AU - Rimoin, A. W. C2 - 33431650 C7 - e2014564118 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1073/pnas.2014564118 IS - 4 J2 - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. KW - COVID-19 Masks Pandemic SARS-CoV-2 contact examination epidemiology human mask prevention and control Contact Tracing Humans LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :23 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PNASA Correspondence Address: Howard, J.United States; email: jphoward@usfca.edu Funding text 1: We thank Sylvain Gugger (LATEX), Luraine Kimmerle (bibtex citations), Linsey Marr (aerosol science), Jon Schwabish (visualization), and our reviewers. References: Wang, Q., Yu, C., Letter to editor: Role of masks/respirator protection against 2019-novel coronavirus (COVID-19) (2020) Infect. Contr. Hosp. Epidemiol, 1, pp. 1-7; Feng, S., Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Lancet Respir. Med, 8, pp. 434-436; Goh, L. G., Ho, T., Phua, K. H., Wisdom and western science: The work of Dr Wu Lien-Teh (1987) Asia Pac. J. Publ. Health, 1, pp. 99-109; Wu, L. T., (1926) A Treatise on Pneumonic Plague, pp. 373-398. , (League of Nations, Health Organization); Cowling, B. J., Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: An observational study (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5, pp. E279-E288; What countries require masks in public or recommend masks?, , https://masks4all.co/what-countries-require-masks-in-public/, Accessed 26 June 2020; Higgins, J. P., (2019) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, , (John Wiley); (2010) Handbook for Guideline Development, , World Health Organization, (World Health Organization); Greenhalgh, T., Face coverings for the public: Laying straw men to rest (2020) J. Eval. Clin. Pract, 1, p. e13415; Wang, Y., Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: A cohort study in Beijing, China (2020) BMJ Global Health, 5, p. e002794; Chu, D. K., Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. P1973-P1987; Tuan, P., SARS transmission in Vietnam outside of the health-care setting (2007) Epidemiol. Infect, 135, pp. 392-401; Wu, J., Risk factors for SARS among persons without known contact with SARS patients, Beijing, China (2004) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 10, pp. 210-216; MacIntyre, C. R., The first randomized, controlled clinical trial of mask use in households to prevent respiratory virus transmission (2008) Int. J. Infect. Dis, 12, p. e328; Jefferson, T., Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses (2011) Cochrane Database Syst. Rev, 7, p. CD006207; Jefferson, T., Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Part 1 - Face masks, eye protection and person distancing: Systematic review and meta-analysis, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047217, (7 April 2020); MacIntyre, C. R., Chughtai, A. A., A rapid systematic review of the efficacy of face masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for the community, healthcare workers and sick patients (2020) Int. J. Nurs. Stud, 1, p. 103629; Summary: Does the use of face masks in the general population make a difference to spread of infection?, , https://www.ed.ac.uk/files/atoms/files/uncover_003-03_summary_-_facemasks_community_anon.pdf, The University of Edinburgh Usher Institute, Accessed 10 June 2020; GUPTA, M., Gupta, K., Gupta, S., The use of facemasks by the general population to prevent transmission of Covid 19 infection: A systematic review, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.01.20087064, (6 May 2020); Brainard, J. S., Jones, N., Lake, I., Hooper, L., Hunter, P., Facemasks and similar barriers to prevent respiratory illness such as COVID-19: A rapid systematic review, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.01.20049528, (6 April 2020); Suess, T., The role of facemasks and hand hygiene in the prevention of influenza transmission in households: Results from a cluster randomised trial; Berlin, Germany, 2009–2011 (2012) BMC Infect. Dis, 12, p. 26; Cowling, B. J., Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: A cluster randomized trial (2009) Ann. Intern. Med, 151, pp. 437-446; Aiello, A. E., Mask use, hand hygiene, and seasonal influenza-like illness among young adults: A randomized intervention trial (2010) J. Infect. Dis, 201, pp. 491-498; Aiello, A. E., Facemasks, hand hygiene, and influenza among young adults: A randomized intervention trial (2012) PloS One, 7, p. e29744; MacIntyre, C. R., A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in healthcare workers (2015) BMJ Open, 5, p. e006577; Ogilvie, D., Using natural experimental studies to guide public health action: Turning the evidence-based medicine paradigm on its head (2020) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 74, pp. 203-208; Greenhalgh, T., Thorne, S., Malterud, K., Time to challenge the spurious hierarchy of systematic over narrative reviews? (2018) Eur. J. Clin. Invest, 48, p. e12931; (2005) The Precautionary Principle, , World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology, (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization); Leffler, C. T., Association of country-wide coronavirus mortality with demographics, testing, lockdowns, and public wearing of masks (2020) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg, 103, pp. 2400-2411; Kenyon, C., Widespread use of face masks in public may slow the spread of SARS CoV-2: An ecological study, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.31.20048652, (6 April 2020); Lyu, W., Wehby, G. L., Community use of face masks and COVID-19: Evidence from a natural experiment of state mandates in the US (2020) Health Aff, 39, pp. 1419-1425; Hatzius, J., Struyven, D., Rosenbery, I., Face masks and GDP, , https://www.goldmansachs.com/insights/pages/face-masks-and-gdp.html, Accessed 3 July 2020; Wong, S. H., COVID-19 and public interest in face mask use (2020) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 202, pp. 453-455; Abaluck, J., The case for universal cloth mask adoption and policies to increase supply of medical masks for health workers, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3567438, (6 April 2020); Cheng, V. C., The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J. Infect, 81, pp. 107-114; He, W., Yi, G. Y., Zhu, Y., Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19: Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis (2020) J. Med. Virol, 92, pp. 2543-2550; Stutt, R. O., Retkute, R., Bradley, M., Gilligan, C. A., Colvin, J., A modeling framework to assess the likely effectiveness of facemasks in combination with ‘lockdown’in managing the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 476, p. 20200376; Kai, D., Goldstein, G. P., Morgunov, A., Nangalia, V., Rotkirch, A., Universal masking is urgent in the COVID-19 pandemic: SEIR and agent based models, empirical validation, policy recommendations, , arXiv:2004.13553v1 (22 April 2020); Tian, L., Calibrated intervention and containment of the COVID-19 pandemic, , arXiv:2003.07353v4 (2 April 2020); Ferguson, N., (2020) Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID19 mortality and healthcare demand, , (Rep. 9, The Royal Society); Ngonghala, C. N., Mathematical assessment of the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on curtailing the 2019 novel coronavirus (2020) Math. Biosci, 1, p. 108364; Yan, J., Guha, S., Hariharan, P., Myers, M., Modeling the effectiveness of respiratory protective devices in reducing influenza outbreak (2019) Risk Anal, 39, pp. 647-661; Fisman, D. N., Greer, A. L., Tuite, A. R., Brief research report: Bidirectional impact of imperfect mask use on reproduction number of COVID-19: A next generation matrix approach (2020) Infect. Dis. Model, 5, pp. 405-408; Lauer, S. A., The incubation period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from publicly reported confirmed cases: Estimation and application (2020) Ann. Intern. Med, 172, pp. 577-582; To, K. K. W., Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: An observational cohort study (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20, pp. P565-P574; Zou, L., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 1177-1179; Wölfel, R., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; Oran, D. P., Topol, E. J., Prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A narrative review (2020) Ann. Intern. Med, 173, pp. 363-367; Jones, T. C., An analysis of SARS-CoV-2 viral load by patient age, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.08.20125484, (9 June 2020); Han, M., Viral RNA load in mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic children with COVID-19 (2020) Seoul. Emerg. Infect. Dis, 26, pp. 2497-2499; Bourouiba, L., Turbulent gas clouds and respiratory pathogen emissions: Potential implications for reducing transmission of COVID-19 (2020) J. Am. Med. Assoc, 323, pp. 1837-1838; Milton, D. K., A Rosetta Stone for understanding infectious drops and aerosols (2020) J. Pediatric. Infect. Dis. Soc, 9, pp. 413-415; Asadi, S., Aerosol emission and superemission during human speech increase with voice loudness (2019) Sci. Rep, 9, p. 2348; Stadnytskyi, V., Bax, C. E., Bax, A., Anfinrud, P., The airborne lifetime of small speech droplets and their potential importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 117, pp. 11875-11877; Wells, W., On air-borne infection: Study II. Droplets and droplet nuclei (1934) Am. J. Epidemiol, 20, pp. 611-618; Papineni, R. S., Rosenthal, F. S., The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects (1997) J. Aerosol Med, 10, pp. 105-116; Duguid, J., The size and the duration of air-carriage of respiratory droplets and droplet-nuclei (1946) Epidemiol. Infect, 44, pp. 471-479; Morawska, L., Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities (2009) J. Aerosol Sci, 40, pp. 256-269; Anfinrud, P., Stadnytskyi, V., Bax, C. E., Bax, A., Visualizing speech-generated oral fluid droplets with laser light scattering (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 2061-2063; Vuorinen, V., Modeling aerosol transport and virus exposure with numerical simulations in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by inhalation indoors (2020) Saf. Sci, 130, p. 104866; Prather, K. A., Wang, C. C., Schooley, R. T., Reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1422-1424; Gralton, J., Tovey, E., McLaws, M. L., Rawlinson, W. D., The role of particle size in aerosolized pathogen transmission: A review (2011) J. Infect, 62, pp. 1-13; Atkinson, M. P., Wein, L. M., Quantifying the routes of transmission for pandemic influenza (2008) Bull. Math. Biol, 70, pp. 820-867; Ma, J., Exhaled breath is a significant source of SARS-CoV-2 emission, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.31.20115154, (2 June 2020); Yan, J., Infectious virus in exhaled breath of symptomatic seasonal influenza cases from a college community (2018) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 115, pp. 1081-1086; Brosseau, L., N95 respirators and surgical masks NIOSH Science Blog, , https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2009/10/14/n95, Accessed 3 April 2020; Leung, N. H., Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks (2020) Nat. Med, 26, pp. 676-680; Greene, V., Vesley, D., Method for evaluating effectiveness of surgical masks (1962) J. Bacteriol, 83, pp. 663-667; Quesnel, L. B., The efficiency of surgical masks of varying design and composition (1975) Br. J. Surg, 62, pp. 936-940; Johnson, D. F., Druce, J. D., Birch, C., Grayson, M. L., A quantitative assessment of the efficacy of surgical and N95 masks to filter influenza virus in patients with acute influenza infection (2009) Clin. Infect. Dis, 49, pp. 275-277; Milton, D. K., Fabian, M. P., Cowling, B. J., Grantham, M. L., McDevitt, J. J., Influenza virus aerosols in human exhaled breath: Particle size, culturability, and effect of surgical masks (2013) PLoS Pathog, 9, p. e1003205; Vanden Driessche, K., Surgical masks reduce airborne spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in colonized patients with cystic fibrosis (2015) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 192, pp. 897-899; Wood, M. E., Face masks and cough etiquette reduce the cough aerosol concentration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in people with cystic fibrosis (2018) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 197, pp. 348-355; Stockwell, R. E., Face masks reduce the release of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cough aerosols when worn for clinically relevant periods (2018) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 198, pp. 1339-1342; Dharmadhikari, A. S., Surgical face masks worn by patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: Impact on infectivity of air on a hospital ward (2012) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 185, pp. 1104-1109; Chan, J. F. W., Surgical mask partition reduces the risk of non-contact transmission in a golden Syrian hamster model for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis, 71, pp. 2139-2149; Davies, A., Testing the efficacy of homemade masks: Would they protect in an influenza pandemic? (2013) Disaster Med. Public Health Prep, 7, pp. 413-418; van der Sande, M., Teunis, P., Sabel, R., Professional and home-made face masks reduce exposure to respiratory infections among the general population (2008) PloS One, 3, p. e2618; Viola, I., Face coverings, aerosol dispersion and mitigation of virus transmission risk, , arXiv:2005.10720v1 (19 May 2020); Kumar, V., On the utility of cloth facemasks for controlling ejecta during respiratory events, , arXiv:2005.03444v1 (5 May 2020); Verma, S., Dhanak, M., Frankenfield, J., Visualizing the effectiveness of face masks in obstructing respiratory jets (2020) Phys. Fluids, 32, p. 061708; How coronavirus spreads, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/how-covid-spreads.html, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Accessed 5 July 2020; Goldman, E., Exaggerated risk of transmission of COVID-19 by fomites (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20, pp. 892-893; Ippolito, M., Iozzo, P., Gregoretti, C., Grasselli, G., Cortegiani, A., Facepiece filtering respirators with exhalation valve should not be used in the community to limit SARS-CoV-2 diffusion (2020) Infect. Contr. Hosp. Epidemiol, 15, pp. 1-2; NIOSH guide to the selection and use of particulate respirators certified under 42 CFR, 84. , https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/96-101/default.html, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, (96-101). Accessed 7 July 2020; Jung, H., Comparison of filtration efficiency and pressure drop in anti-yellow sand masks, quarantine masks, medical masks, general masks, and handkerchiefs (2013) Aerosol. Air. Qual. Res, 14, pp. 991-1002; (2020) Advice on the use of masks in the context of COVID-19: Interim guidance, 5 June 2020, , World Health Organization, (Tech. Rep. WHO/2019-nCoV/IPC_Masks 2020.4, World Health Organization); Zhao, M., Household materials selection for homemade cloth face coverings and their filtration efficiency enhancement with triboelectric charging (2020) Nano Lett, 20, pp. 5544-5552; Konda, A., Aerosol filtration efficiency of common fabrics used in respiratory cloth masks (2020) ACS Nano, 14, pp. 6339-6347; Dato, V. M., Hostler, D., Hahn, M. E., Simple respiratory mask (2006) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 12, pp. 1033-1034; Runde, D. P., The "double eights mask brace" improves the fit and protection of a basic surgical mask amidst COVID‐19 pandemic (2020) J. Am. Coll. Emerg. Physicians Open; Wilkes, A. R., Benbough, J. E., Speight, S. E., Harmer, M., The bacterial and viral filtration performance of breathing system filters (2000) Anaesthesia, 55, pp. 458-465; Long, Y., Effectiveness of N95 respirators versus surgical masks against influenza: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) J. Evid. Base Med, 13, pp. 93-101; Radonovich, L. J., N95 respirators vs medical masks for preventing influenza among health care personnel: A randomized clinical trial (2019) J. Am. Med. Assoc, 322, pp. 824-833; Bean, B., Survival of influenza viruses on environmental surfaces (1982) J. Infect. Dis, 146, pp. 47-51; Brosseau, L. M., Sietsema, M., Commentary: Masks-for-all for COVID-19 not based on sound data, , https://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2020/04/commentary-masks-all-covid-19-not-based-sound-data, (Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, 2020). Accessed 3 April 2020; Cassell, M. M., Halperin, D. T., Shelton, J. D., Stanton, D., Risk compensation: The Achilles’ heel of innovations in HIV prevention? (2006) BMJ, 332, pp. 605-607; Rojas Castro, D., Delabre, R. M., Molina, J. M., Give prep a chance: Moving on from the “risk compensation” concept (2019) J. Int. AIDS Soc, 22, p. e25351; Ouellet, J. V., Helmet use and risk compensation in motorcycle accidents (2011) Traffic Inj. Prev, 12, pp. 71-81; Houston, D. J., Richardson, L. E., Risk compensation or risk reduction? Seatbelts, state laws, and traffic fatalities (2007) Soc. Sci. Q, 88, pp. 913-936; Scott, M. D., Testing the risk compensation hypothesis for safety helmets in alpine skiing and snowboarding (2007) Inj. Prev, 13, pp. 173-177; Peng, Y., Universal motorcycle helmet laws to reduce injuries: A community guide systematic review (2017) Am. J. Prev. Med, 52, pp. 820-832; Ruedl, G., Kopp, M., Burtscher, M., Does risk compensation undo the protection of ski helmet use? (2012) Epidemiology, 23, pp. 936-937; Pless, B., Risk compensation: Revisited and rebutted (2016) Safety, 2, p. 16; Burgess, A., Horii, M., Risk, ritual and health responsibilisation: Japan’s ‘safety blanket’of surgical face mask-wearing (2012) Sociol. Health Illness, 34, pp. 1184-1198; Betsch, C., Social and behavioral consequences of mask policies during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 117, pp. 21851-21853; Imperial College London, COVID-19 Behavior Tracker, , http://coviddatahub.com/, Accessed 10 July 2020; Chen, Y. J., Comparison of face-touching behaviors before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (2020) JAMA Netw. Open, 3, p. e2016924; Seres, G., Face masks increase compliance with physical distancing recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic, , https://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/74063/, Accessed 18 December 2020; Marchiori, M., COVID-19 and the social distancing paradox: Dangers and solutions, , arXiv:2005.12446v1 (26 May 2020); Seres, G., Balleyer, A. H., Cerutti, N., Friedrichsen, J., Süer, M., Face mask use and physical distancing before and after mandatory masking: Evidence from public waiting lines, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3641367, (9 July 2020); Joachim, G., Acorn, S., Stigma of visible and invisible chronic conditions (2000) J. Adv. Nurs, 32, pp. 243-248; Abney, K., Containing” tuberculosis, perpetuating stigma: The materiality of N95 respirator masks (2018) Anthropology Southern Africa, 41, pp. 270-283; Buregyeya, E., Acceptability of masking and patient separation to control nosocomial tuberculosis in Uganda: A qualitative study (2012) J. Public Health, 20, pp. 599-606; Li, D. K., Abdelkader, R., Coronavirus hate attack: Woman in face mask allegedly assaulted by man who calls her’diseased NBC News, , https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/coronavirus-hate-attack-woman-face-mask-allegedly-assaulted-man-who-n1130671, Accessed 10 April 2020; Pager, D., Shepherd, H., The sociology of discrimination: Racial discrimination in employment, housing, credit, and consumer markets (2008) Annu. Rev. Sociol, 34, pp. 181-209; Fernando Alfonso, C., Why some people of color say they won’t wear homemade masks CNN, , https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/07/us/face-masks-ethnicitycoronavirus-cdc-trnd/index.html, Accessed 9 April 2020; Jan, T., Two black men say they were kicked out of Walmart for wearing protective masks. Others worry it will happen to them Washington Post, , https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/04/09/masks-racial-profiling-walmart-coronavirus/, 9 April, 2020. Accessed 10 April 2020; Watson-Jones, R. E., Legare, C. H., The social functions of group rituals (2016) Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci, 25, pp. 42-46; BliegeBird, R., Signaling theory, strategic interaction, and symbolic capital (2005) Curr. Anthropol, 46, pp. 221-248; Van Houten, R., Malenfant, L., Huitema, B., Blomberg, R., Effects of high-visibility enforcement on driver compliance with pedestrian yield right-of-way laws (2013) Transport. Res. Rec, 2393, pp. 41-49; Van Damme, W., Van Lerberghe, W., Editorial: Epidemics and fear (2000) Trop. Med. Int. Health, 5, pp. 511-514; Riva, M. A., Benedetti, M., Cesana, G., Pandemic fear and literature: Observations from Jack London’s The Scarlet Plague (2014) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 20, pp. 1753-1757; Taal, E., Rasker, J. J., Seydel, E. R., Wiegman, O., Health status, adherence with health recommendations, self-efficacy and social support in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1993) Patient Educ. Counsel, 20, pp. 63-76; Illingworth, P., Parmet, W. E., Solidarity and health: A public goods justification (2015) Diametros, 43, pp. 65-71; Chen, L. C., Evans, T. G., Cash, R. A., Health as a global public good (1999) Global Public Goods, 1, pp. 284-304; Cheng, K. K., Lam, T. H., Leung, C. C., Wearing face masks in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic: Altruism and solidarity (2020) Lancet, 6736, pp. 30918-1; Van Der Westhuizen, H. M., Kotze, K., Tonkin-crine, S., Gobat, N., Greenhalgh, T., Face coverings for COVID-19: From medical intervention to social practice (2020) BMJ, 19, p. m3021; The Lancet, COVID-19: Protecting health-care workers (2020) Lancet, 395, p. 922; Bartoszko, J. J., Farooqi, M. A. M., Alhazzani, W., Loeb, M., Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in health care workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials (2020) Influenza Other Respiratory Viruses, 14, pp. 365-373; de Man, P., Sterilization of disposable face masks by means of standardized dry and steam sterilization processes: An alternative in the fight against mask shortages due to COVID-19 (2020) J Hosp Infect, 105, pp. 356-357; Perencevich, E. N., Diekema, D. J., Edmond, M. B., Moving personal protective equipment into the community: Face shields and containment of COVID-19 (2020) J. Am. Med. Assoc, 323, pp. 2252-2253; Larson, E. L., Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on URIs and influenza in crowded, urban households (2010) Publ. Health Rep, 125, pp. 178-191; Leung, G. M., A tale of two cities: Community psychobehavioral surveillance and related impact on outbreak control in Hong Kong and Singapore during the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic (2004) Infect. Contr. Hosp. Epidemiol, 25, pp. 1033-1041; Cowling, B. J., Community psychological and behavioral responses through the first wave of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic in Hong Kong (2010) J. Infect. Dis, 202, pp. 867-876; Bradford, W. D., Mandich, A., Some state vaccination laws contribute to greater exemption rates and disease outbreaks in the United States (2015) Health Aff, 34, pp. 1383-1390; Chughtai, A. A., Contamination by respiratory viruses on outer surface of medical masks used by hospital healthcare workers (2019) BMC Infect. Dis, 19, p. 491; Kwong, K., HKmask manual, , https://diymask.site/, Accessed 6 July 2020; DIY face mask – 8 steps in making protective gear, , https://www.consumer.org.hk/ws_en/news/specials/2020/mask-diy-tips.html, Consumer Council Hong Kong, Accessed 8 April 2020; Akduman, C., Cellulose acetate and polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber mats for N95 respirators (2019) J. Ind. Textil, , (26 June); van Doremalen, N., Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382, pp. 1564-1567 PY - 2021 SN - 00278424 (ISSN) ST - An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19 T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America TI - An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099896839&doi=10.1073%2fpnas.2014564118&partnerID=40&md5=d1de8a679a3fdf73a95d1e9020b70b96 VL - 118 ID - 139 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Using daily hedonic housing price index for five Australian capital cities, we document a negative relationship between prior COVID-19 cases and daily housing returns. Specifically, the daily housing return drops by 0.35 basis points or 1.26 percentage points annually for every doubling of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases in a state. We also examine the effect of government lockdown orders on housing returns and find insignificant results. These findings are robust under alternative pandemic proxies such as total active COVID-19 cases and other model specifications. Overall, our paper contributes to the literature on the geographic spread of pandemics and real estate prices. © 2021 AD - Chinese University of Hong Kong Deakin University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill AU - Hu, M. R. AU - Lee, A. D. AU - Zou, D. C7 - 101960 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.frl.2021.101960 J2 - Finan. Res. Lett. KW - COVID-19 Housing prices Lockdown Stay at home orders LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Hu, M.R.; Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong; email: maggiehu@cuhk.edu.hk References: Atkeson, Andrew. 2020. “What Will be the Economic Impact of COVID-19 in the U.S.? Rough Estimates of Disease Scenarios.” NBER Working Paper 26867; Baker, Scott R., R. A. Farrokhnia, Steffen Meyer, Michaela Pagel, and Constantine Yannelis. 2020. "How Does Household Spending Respond to an Epidemic? Consumption During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic." NBER Working Paper 26949; (2020), https://www.corelogic.com.au/sites/default/files/2018-01/Residential-Property-Index-Series.pdf, CoreLogic. 2018. "Residential Property Index Series." Accessed Nov 9; Dave, Dhaval M., Andrew I. Friedson, Kyutaro Matsuzawa, and Joseph J. Sabia. 2020. "When Do Shelter-in-Place Orders Fight COVID-19 Best? Policy Heterogeneity Across States and Adoption Time." NBER Working Paper 27901; Eichenbaum, Martin S., Sergio Rebelo, and Mathias Trabandt. 2020. "The Macroeconomics of Epidemics." NBER Working Paper 26882; Francke, Marc, and Matthijs Korevaar. 2020. "Housing Markets in a Pandemic: Evidence from Historical Outbreaks." Working Paper, University of Amsterdam; Lin, Zhixian, and Christopher M. Meissner. 2020. "Health vs. Wealth? Public Health Policies and the Economy During COVID-19." NBER Working Paper 27099; Ling, D.C., Wang, C., Zhou, T., A First Look at the Impact of COVID-19 on Commercial Real Estate Prices: Asset Level Evidence (2020) Review of Asset Pricing Studies, 10 (4), pp. 669-704. , forthcoming; Narayan, P.K., Phan, D.H.B., Liu, G., COVID-19 Lockdowns, Stimulus Packages, Travel Bans, and Stock Returns (2021) Finance Research Letters, 38, p. 101732; Ortmann, R., Pelster, M., Wengerek, S.T., COVID-19 and Investor Behavior (2020) Finance Research Letters, 37, p. 101717; Rosen, S., Hedonic prices and implicit markets: product differentiation in pure competition (1974) Journal of Political Economy, 82, pp. 34-55; Wong, G., Has SARS Infected the Property Market? Evidence from Hong Kong (2008) Journal of Urban Economics, 63, pp. 74-95 PY - 2021 SN - 15446123 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19 and Housing Prices: Australian Evidence with Daily Hedonic Returns T2 - Finance Research Letters TI - COVID-19 and Housing Prices: Australian Evidence with Daily Hedonic Returns UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101095259&doi=10.1016%2fj.frl.2021.101960&partnerID=40&md5=689ab84373fa7e9b33cdf06eb9cfede0 ID - 187 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose: Tracking changes in care utilization of medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) services before, during, and after COVID-19-associated changes in policy and service delivery in a mixed rural and micropolitan setting. Methods: Using a retrospective, open-cohort design, we examined visit data of MOUD patients at a family medicine clinic across three identified periods: pre-COVID, COVID transition, and COVID. Outcome measures include the number and type of visits (in-person or telehealth), the number of new patients entering treatment, and the number of urine drug screens performed. Distance from patient residence to clinic was calculated to assess access to care in rural areas. Goodness-of-Fit Chi-Square tests and ANOVAs were used to identify differences between time periods. Findings: Total MOUD visits increased during COVID (436 pre vs. 581 post, p < 0.001), while overall new patient visits remained constant (33 pre vs. 29 post, p = 0.755). The clinic's overall catchment area increased in size, with new patients coming primarily from rural areas. Length of time between urine drug screens increased (21.1 days pre vs. 43.5 days post, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The patterns of MOUD care utilization during this period demonstrate the effectiveness of telehealth in this area. Policy changes allowing for MOUD to be delivered via telehealth, waiving the need for in-person initiation of MOUD, and increased Medicaid compensation for MOUD may play a valuable role in improving access to MOUD during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. © 2021 National Rural Health Association AD - Department of Research, UNC Health Sciences at MAHEC, Asheville, NC, United States Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina (UNC) Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Family Medicine, Mountain Area Health Education Center (MAHEC), Asheville, NC, United States Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Charles George Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Asheville, NC, United States AU - Hughes, P. M. AU - Verrastro, G. AU - Fusco, C. W. AU - Wilson, C. G. AU - Ostrach, B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/jrh.12570 J2 - J. Rural Health KW - buprenorphine COVID-19 opioid use disorder rural telehealth LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JRHEE Correspondence Address: Wilson, C.G.; Department of Research, United States; email: phughes1@email.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Wilson, C.G.; Department of Family Medicine, United States; email: phughes1@email.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Wilson, C.G.; Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, United States; email: phughes1@email.unc.edu Correspondence Address: Wilson, C.G.; Charles George Veterans Affairs Medical CenterUnited States; email: phughes1@email.unc.edu References: Schuckit, M.A., Treatment of opioid-use disorders (2016) N Engl J Med, 375 (4), pp. 357-368; (2019) Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Save Lives, , National Academies Press; Carroll, J., Green, T., Noonan, R., (2018) Evidence-Based Strategies for Preventing Opioid Overdose: What's Working in the United States, 2018. Centers for Disease Control, , https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdf/pubs/2018-evidence-based-strategies.pdf, Accessed December 2, 2019; Volkow, N.D., Collision of the COVID-19 and addiction epidemics (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173 (1), pp. 61-62; Slavova, S., Rock, P., Bush, H.M., Quesinberry, D., Walsh, S.L., Signal of increased opioid overdose during COVID-19 from emergency medical services data (2020) Drug Alcohol Depend, 214; Wakeman, S.E., Green, T.C., Rich, J., An overdose surge will compound the COVID-19 pandemic if urgent action is not taken (2020) Nat Med, 26 (6), pp. 819-820; Ostrach, B., Buer, L., Armbruster, S., Brown, H., Yochym, G., Zaller, N., COVID-19 and rural harm reduction challenges in the US Southern Mountains (2021) J Rural Health, 37 (1), pp. 252-255; COVID-19 Guidance for People Who Use Drugs and Harm Reduction Programs (2020) Harm Reduction Coalition Blog, , https://harmreduction.org/hrc2/blog/covid-19-guidance-for-people-who-use-drugs-and-harm-reduction-programs/, Accessed September 28, 2020; COVID-19 Information Page, , https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/coronavirus.html, Accessed August 3, 2020; (2020) Telehealth: Delivering Care Safely During COVID-19, , https://www.hhs.gov/coronavirus/telehealth/index.html, Accessed October 16, 2020; Weintraub, E., Greenblatt, A.D., Chang, J., Himelhoch, S., Welsh, C., Expanding access to buprenorphine treatment in rural areas with the use of telemedicine (2018) Am J Addict, 27 (8), pp. 612-617; Andrilla, C.H.A., Patterson, D.G., Garberson, L.A., Coulthard, C., Larson, E.H., Geographic variation in the supply of selected behavioral health providers (2018) Am J Prev Med, 54 (6), pp. S199-S207; Flavin, L., Malowney, M., Patel, N., Availability of buprenorphine treatment in the 10 states with the highest drug overdose death rates in the United States (2020) J Psychiatr Pract, 26 (1), pp. 17-22; (2017) Changes in the Supply of Physicians with a DEA DATA Waiver to Prescribe Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder, , Rural Health Research & Policy Centers; Whitacre, B.E., Wheeler, D., Landgraf, C., What can the national broadband map tell us about the health care connectivity gap?: rural-urban health care connectivity gap (2017) J Rural Health, 33 (3), pp. 284-289; COVID-19 Dashboard, , https://covid19.ncdhhs.gov/dashboard, COVID-19 North Carolina Dashboard, 2021. Accessed January 11, 2021; (2013) Rural-Urban Continuum Codes, , https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/rural-urban-continuum-codes/documentation/, Accessed January 7, 2021; del Pozo, B., Beletsky, L., No “back to normal” after COVID-19 for our failed drug policies (2020) Int J Drug Policy, 83. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102901; Davis, C.S., Samuels, E.A., Continuing increased access to buprenorphine in the United States via telemedicine after COVID-19 (2020) Int J Drug Policy, , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102905; Harris, M., Johnson, S., Mackin, S., Saitz, R., Walley, A.Y., Taylor, J.L., Low barrier tele-buprenorphine in the time of COVID-19: a case report (2020) J Addict Med, 14 (4); Cooper, H.L., Cloud, D.H., Freeman, P.R., Buprenorphine dispensing in an epicenter of the U.S. opioid epidemic: a case study of the rural risk environment in Appalachian Kentucky (2020) Int J Drug Policy, 85. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102701; Cooper, H.L.F., Cloud, D.H., Young, A.M., Freeman, P.R., When prescribing isn't enough — pharmacy-level barriers to buprenorphine access (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (8), pp. 703-705 PY - 2021 SN - 0890765X (ISSN) ST - An examination of telehealth policy impacts on initial rural opioid use disorder treatment patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Journal of Rural Health TI - An examination of telehealth policy impacts on initial rural opioid use disorder treatment patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102422900&doi=10.1111%2fjrh.12570&partnerID=40&md5=ea60c6066760cf2f2dcbd4b7a65e7892 ID - 177 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Less than a year since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, ten vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been approved for at least limited use, with over sixty others in clinical trials. This swift achievement has generated excitement and arrives at a time of great need, as the number of COVID-19 cases worldwide continues to rapidly increase. Two vaccines are currently approved for full use, both built on mRNA and lipid nanotechnology platforms, a success story of mRNA technology 20 years in the making. For patients with cancer, questions arise around the safety and efficacy of these vaccines in the setting of immune alterations engendered by their malignancy and/or therapies. We summarize the current data on leading COVID-19 vaccine candidates and vaccination of patients undergoing immunomodulatory cancer treatments. Most current cancer therapeutics should not prevent the generation of protective immunity. We call for more research in this area and recommend that the majority of patients with cancer receive COVID vaccinations when possible. © 2021, The Author(s). AD - Department of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, DUMC Box 103861, Durham, NC 27710, United States Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Durham, NC, United States Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The OH State University Comprehensive Cancer Center – James, Columbus, OH, United States AU - Hwang, J. K. AU - Zhang, T. AU - Wang, A. Z. AU - Li, Z. C2 - 33640005 C7 - 38 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1186/s13045-021-01046-w IS - 1 J2 - J. Hematol. Oncol. KW - Cancer therapies COVID-19 COVID-19 and cancer COVID-19 vaccines Patients with cancer and COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccines Vaccination antineoplastic agent adverse event animal complication drug therapy human immunology immunotherapy neoplasm pandemic prevention and control Animals Antineoplastic Agents Humans Neoplasms Pandemics LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Zhang, T.; Division of Medical Oncology, DUMC Box 103861, United States; email: tian.zhang2@duke.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antineoplastic Agents; COVID-19 Vaccines Funding text 1: Dr. Zhang reports research funding (to Duke) from Pfizer, Janssen, Acerta, Abbvie, Novartis, Merrimack, OmniSeq, PGDx, Merck, Mirati, Astellas, and Regeneron; consulting/speaking with Genentech Roche, Exelixis, Genomic Health, and Sanofi Aventis; and consulting/advisory board with AstraZeneca, Bayer, Pfizer, Foundation Medicine, Janssen, Amgen, BMS, Calithera, Dendreon, and MJH Associates; and stock ownership/employment (spouse) from Capio Biosciences, Archimmune Therapeutics, and Nanorobotics. Dr. Hwang has no disclosures. Dr. Wang has stock ownership/co-founder of Capio Biosciences and Archimmune Therapeutics. He is a scientific advisory board member for Focus-X and Nanorobotics, and has sponsored research funding from Varian Medical Systems and Archimmune Therapeutics. Dr. Li is a scientific advisory board member for Heat Biologics, Alphamab (chair), Hengenix and Ioknisys. References: Deng, W., Bao, L., Liu, J., Xiao, C., Liu, J., Xue, J., Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369 (6505), pp. 818-823. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsF2qsrzO, PID: 32616673; Wajnberg, A., Amanat, F., Firpo, A., Altman, D.R., Bailey, M.J., Mansour, M., Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months (2020) Science., 370 (6521), pp. 1227-1230. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisFSitbbK, PID: 33115920; Rogers, T.F., Zhao, F., Huang, D., Beutler, N., Burns, A., He, W.-T., Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model (2020) Science, 369 (6506), pp. 956-963. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1GrsLjF, PID: 32540903; Hassan, A.O., Case, J.B., Winkler, E.S., Thackray, L.B., Kafai, N.M., Bailey, A.L., A SARS-CoV-2 infection model in mice demonstrates protection by neutralizing antibodies (2020) Cell, 182 (3), pp. 744-753. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFyktLzJ, PID: 32553273; Libster, R., Pérez Marc, G., Wappner, D., Coviello, S., Bianchi, A., Braem, V., Early High-Titer Plasma Therapy to Prevent Severe Covid-19 in Older Adults (2021) N Engl J Med., , NEJMoa2033700; Garcia-Beltran, W.F., Lam, E.C., Astudillo, M.G., Yang, D., Miller, T.E., Feldman, J., COVID-19-neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survival (2021) Cell, 184 (2), pp. 476-88 e11; Ni, L., Ye, F., Cheng, M.-L., Feng, Y., Deng, Y.-Q., Zhao, H., Detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity in covid-19 convalescent individuals (2020) Immunity, 52 (6), pp. 971-977. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXptlCjtb4%3D, PID: 32413330; Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S.I., Mateus, J., Dan, J.M., Moderbacher, C.R., Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals (2020) Cell, 181 (7), pp. 1489-1501. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVOmu73N, PID: 32473127; Chen, Y., Zuiani, A., Fischinger, S., Mullur, J., Atyeo, C., Travers, M., Quick COVID-19 healers sustain anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production (2020) Cell, 183 (6), pp. 1496-1507. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitlemsbrP, PID: 33171099; Dan, J.M., Mateus, J., Kato, Y., Hastie, K.M., Yu, E.D., Faliti, C.E., Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to eight months after infection (2021) Science., 371 (6529), p. eabf4063. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXjsFCrsL8%3D, PID: 33408181; Rodda, L.B., Netland, J., Shehata, L., Pruner, K.B., Morawski, P.A., Thouvenel, C.D., Functional SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Memory Persists after Mild COVID-19 (2021) CCell., 184 (1), pp. 169-183. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisFCnsrzI; Bolles, M., Deming, D., Long, K., Agnihothram, S., Whitmore, A., Ferris, M., A double-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus vaccine provides incomplete protection in mice and induces increased eosinophilic proinflammatory pulmonary response upon challenge (2011) J Virol, 85 (23), pp. 12201-12215. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsFaks7rK, PID: 21937658; Tseng, C.-T., Sbrana, E., Iwata-Yoshikawa, N., Newman, P.C., Garron, T., Atmar, R.L., Immunization with SARS coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the SARS virus (2012) PLoS ONE, 7 (4). , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmslOksbs%3D, PID: 22536382; Gao, Q., Bao, L., Mao, H., Wang, L., Xu, K., Yang, M., Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Science, 369 (6499), pp. 77-81. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlCmtL3P, PID: 32376603; Wang, H., Zhang, Y., Huang, B., Deng, W., Quan, Y., Wang, W., Development of an inactivated vaccine candidate, BBIBP-CorV, with potent protection against SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Cell, 182 (3), pp. 713-722. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFylur7P, PID: 32778225; Lee, W.S., Wheatley, A.K., Kent, S.J., DeKosky, B.J., Antibody-dependent enhancement and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies (2020) Nat Microbiol, 5 (10), pp. 1185-1191. , PID: 32908214, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvVyqurzJ; Simonovich, V.A., Burgos Pratx, L.D., Scibona, P., Beruto, M.V., Vallone, M.G., Vázquez, C., A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma in Covid-19 Severe Pneumonia (2020) N Engl J Med., , NEJMoa2031304; Agarwal, A., Mukherjee, A., Kumar, G., Chatterjee, P., Bhatnagar, T., Malhotra, P., Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate covid-19 in adults in India: open label phase II multicentre randomised controlled trial (PLACID Trial) (2020) BMJ, 371, p. m3939. , PID: 33093056; Krammer, F., SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development (2020) Nature, 586 (7830), pp. 516-527. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitVyhs73N, PID: 32967006; Haq, E.U., Yu, J., Guo, J., Frontiers in the COVID-19 vaccines development (2020) Exp Hematol Oncol, 9, p. 24. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvVWjsrbF, PID: 32901214; Zhang, Y., Zeng, G., Pan, H., Li, C., Hu, Y., Chu, K., Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18–59 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial (2021) Lancet Infect Dis., 21 (2), pp. 181-192. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisVert77M, PID: 33217362; Xia, S., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Yang, Y., Gao, G.F., Articles Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial (2021) Lancet Infect Dis., 21 (1), pp. 39-51. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitFaht73K, PID: 33069281; Keech, C., Albert, G., Cho, I., Robertson, A., Reed, P., Neal, S., Phase 1–2 trial of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (24), pp. 2320-2332. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisF2ktbbE, PID: 32877576; Voysey, M., Clemens, S.A.C., Madhi, S., Weckx, L., Folegatti, P.M., Aley, P.K., Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: An interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK The Lancet, 397 (10269), pp. 99-111. , 20221; Folegatti, P.M., Ewer, K.J., Aley, P.K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (2020) The Lancet, 396 (10249), pp. 467-478; Wu, S., Zhong, G., Zhang, J., Shuai, L., Zhang, Z., Wen, Z., A single dose of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge (2020) Nat Commun, 11 (1), p. 4081. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1CrtrzE, PID: 32796842; Zhu, F.-C., Guan, X.-H., Li, Y.-H., Huang, J.-Y., Jiang, T., Hou, L.-H., Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: a randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled, phase 2 trial (2020) The Lancet, 396 (10249), pp. 479-488. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVarsr7K; Mercado, N.B., Zahn, R., Wegmann, F., Loos, C., Chandrashekar A, Y.J., Single-shot Ad26 vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Nature, pp. 1-22; Sadoff, J., Le Gars, M., Shukarev, G., Heerwegh, D., Truyers, C., de Groot, A.M., Interim Results of a Phase 1-2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine (2021) N Engl J Med., , NEJMa2034201; Logunov, D.Y., Dolzhikova, I.V., Zubkova, O.V., Tukhvatullin, A.I., Shcheblyakov, D.V., Dzharullaeva, A.S., Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia (2020) Lancet, 396 (10255), pp. 887-897. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsl2ktrfF, PID: 32896291; Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants 2021, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/science-and-research/scientific-brief-emerging-variants.html, Available from; Yu, J., Tostanoski, L.H., Peter, L., Mercado, N.B., McMahan, K., Mahrokhian, S.H., DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369 (6505), pp. 806-811. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsF2qsrrN, PID: 32434945; Liu, M.A., A comparison of plasmid DNA and mRNA as vaccine technologies (2019) Vaccines, 7 (2), pp. 20-37. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXktFOktrw%3D, PID: 6631684; Pardi, N., Hogan, M.J., Porter, F.W., Weissman, D., mRNA vaccines—a new era in vaccinology (2018) Nature Publishing Group, 17 (4), pp. 261-279. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXnvVKgsQ%3D%3D; Cafri, G., Gartner, J.J., Zaks, T., Hopson, K., Levin, N., Paria, B.C., mRNA vaccine-induced neoantigen-specific T cell immunity in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (2020) J Clin Investig, 130 (11), pp. 5976-5988. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitlSnt77P, PID: 33016924; Fiedler, K., Lazzaro, S., Lutz, J., Rauch, S., Heidenreich, R., mRNA cancer vaccines (2016) Recent results in cancer research Fortschritte der Krebsforschung Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer, 209 (3), pp. 61-85. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXht1Oms7rL, PID: 28101688; Mitchell, M.J., Billingsley, M.M., Haley, R.M., Wechsler, M.E., Peppas, N.A., Langer, R., Engineering precision nanoparticles for drug delivery (2020) Nat Publ Group, 9, p. 1; Şahin, U., Karikó, K., Türeci, Ö., mRNA-based therapeutics–developing a new class of drugs (2014) Nat Publ Group, 13 (10), pp. 759-780; Feldman, R.A., Fuhr, R., Smolenov, I., Ribeiro, A.M., Panther, L., Watson, M., mRNA vaccines against H10N8 and H7N9 influenza viruses of pandemic potential are immunogenic and well tolerated in healthy adults in phase 1 randomized clinical trials (2019) Vaccine, 37 (25), pp. 3326-3334. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXpsFWmtrc%3D, PID: 31079849; Walsh, E.E., Frenck, R.W., Falsey, A.R., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Safety and immunogenicity of two RNA-based Covid-19 vaccine candidates (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (25), pp. 2439-2450. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXis1yksLrM, PID: 33053279; Sahin, U., Muik, A., Vogler, I., Derhovanessian, E., Kranz, L.M., Vormehr, M., (2020) BNT162b2 induces SARS-CoV-2-neutralising antibodies and T cells in humans, , medRxiv; Polack, F.P., Thomas, S.J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (27), pp. 2603-2615. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXotFSjuw%3D%3D, PID: 33301246; Sahin, U., Muik, A., Vogler, I., Derhovanessian, E., Vogler, I., Kranz, L.M., Vormehr, M., COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b2 elicits human antibody and TH1 T-cell responses (2020) Nature., 586 (7830), pp. 594-599. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitV2qs7fI, PID: 32998157; Widge, A.T., Rouphael, N.G., Jackson, L.A., Anderson, E.J., Roberts, P.C., Makhene, M., Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination (2021) N Engl J Med, 384 (1), pp. 80-82; Baden, L.R., El Sahly, H.M., Essink, B., Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (2021) N Engl J Med., 384 (5), pp. 403-416. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXjvFSmsrc%3D, PID: 33378609; Oliver, S.E., Gargano, J.W., Marin, M., Wallace, M., Curran, K.G., Chamberland, M., (2020) The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Interim Recommendation for Use of Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine — United States, 2020, pp. 1-4. , December; (2020), https://www.fda.gov/media/144434/download, Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting December 17, 2020, Available from; Williamson, E.J., Walker, A.J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C.E., Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY (2020) Nature, pp. 1-17; Rivera, D.R., Peters, S., Panagiotou, O.A., Shah, D.P., Kuderer, N.M., Hsu, C.-Y., Utilization of COVID-19 Treatments and Clinical Outcomes among Patients with Cancer: A COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) Cohort Study (2020) Cancer Discov, 10 (10), pp. 1514-1527. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisVylt77N, PID: 32699031; Kuderer, N.M., Md, T.K.C., Phd, D.P.S., Phd, Y.S., Md, S.M.R., Pharmd, D.R.R., Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): A cohort study (2020) The Lancet, 395 (10241), pp. 1907-1918; Garcia-Suarez, J., de la Cruz, J., Cedillo, A., Llamas, P., Duarte, R., Jimenez-Yuste, V., Impact of hematologic malignancy and type of cancer therapy on COVID-19 severity and mortality: lessons from a large population-based registry study (2020) J Hematol Oncol, 13 (1), p. 133. , PID: 33032660, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitVagtLfI; Wang, Q., Berger, N.A., Xu, R., Analyses of risk, racial disparity, and outcomes among US patients with cancer and COVID-19 infection (2020) JAMA Oncol, pp. 1-8; Ménétrier-Caux, C., Ray-Coquard, I., Blay, J.-Y., Caux, C., (2019) Lymphopenia in Cancer Patients and Its Effects on Response to Immunotherapy: An Opportunity for Combination with Cytokines?, pp. 1-15; Yu, J.W., Borkowski, A., Danzig, L., Reiter, S., Kavan, P., Mazer, B.D., Immune response to conjugated meningococcal C vaccine in pediatric oncology patients (2007) Pediatr Blood Cancer, 49 (7), pp. 918-923. , PID: 17366523; Goyal, S., Pai, S.K., Kelkar, R., Advani, S.H., Hepatitis B vaccination in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1998) Leuk Res, 22 (2), pp. 193-195. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3lsVejug%3D%3D, PID: 9593476; Ercan, T.E., Soycan, L.Y., Apak, H., Celkan, T., Ozkan, A., Akdenizli, E., Antibody titers and immune response to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2005) J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 27 (5), pp. 273-277. , PID: 15891564; Lo, W., Whimbey, E., Elting, L., Couch, R., Cabanillas, F., Bodey, G., Antibody response to a two-dose influenza vaccine regimen in adult lymphoma patients on chemotherapy (1993) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Offic Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol, 12 (10), pp. 778-782. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2c7jvFOlug%3D%3D; Mazza, J.J., Yale, S.H., Arrowood, J.R., Reynolds, C.E., Glurich, I., Chyou, P.-H., Efficacy of the influenza vaccine in patients with malignant lymphoma (2005) Clin Med Res, 3 (4), pp. 214-220. , PID: 16303886; Nordøy, T., Aaberge, I.S., Husebekk, A., Samdal, H.H., Steinert, S., Melby, H., Cancer Patients Undergoing chemotherapy show adequate serological response to vaccinations against influenza virus and streptococcus pneumoniae (2002) Med Oncol, 19 (2), pp. 71-78; Wumkes, M.L., van der Velden, A.M.T., Los, M., Leys, M.B.L., Beeker, A., Nijziel, M.R., Serum antibody response to influenza virus vaccination during chemotherapy treatment in adult patients with solid tumours (2013) Vaccine, 31 (52), pp. 6177-6184. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhslGls77E, PID: 24176495; Anderson, H., Petrie, K., Berrisford, C., Charlett, A., Thatcher, N., Zambon, M., (1999) Seroconversion after Influenza Vaccination in Patients with Lung Cancer, pp. 1-2; Meerveld-Eggink, A., de Weerdt, O., van der Velden, A.M.T., Los, M., van der Velden, A.W.G., Stouthard, J.M.L., Response to influenza virus vaccination during chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer (2011) Ann Oncol Offic J Eur Soc Med Oncol, 22 (9), pp. 2031-2035. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MjpvVSqtw%3D%3D; Keam, B., Kim, M.-K., Choi, Y., Choi, S.-J., Choe, P.G., Lee, K.-H., Optimal timing of influenza vaccination during 3-week cytotoxic chemotherapy cycles (2016) Cancer, 123 (5), pp. 841-848. , PID: 27997703, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXivFahtrs%3D; Rubin, L.G., Levin, M.J., Ljungman, P., Davies, E.G., Avery, R., Tomblyn, M., 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host (2013) Clin Infect Dis, 58 (3), pp. e44-e100. , PID: 24311479; Mikulska, M., Cesaro, S., de Lavallade, H., Di Blasi, R., Einarsdottir, S., Gallo, G., Vaccination of patients with haematological malignancies who did not have transplantations: guidelines from the 2017 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 7) (2019) The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19 (6), pp. e188-e199; Rieger, C.T., Liss, B., Mellinghoff, S., Buchheidt, D., Cornely, O.A., Egerer, G., Anti-infective vaccination strategies in patients with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors—Guideline of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society for Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO) (2018) Ann Oncol, 29 (6), pp. 1354-1365. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC1MjlvFynuw%3D%3D, PID: 29688266; Kersh, A.E., Ng, S., Chang, Y.M., Sasaki, M., Thomas, S.N., Kissick, H.T., Targeted therapies: immunologic effects and potential applications outside of cancer (2017) J Clin Pharmacol, 58 (1), pp. 7-24. , PID: 29136276, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhvFKitbzK; de Lavallade, H., Khoder, A., Hart, M., Sarvaria, A., Sekine, T., Alsuliman, A., Tyrosine kinase inhibitors impair B-cell immune responses in CML through off-target inhibition of kinases important for cell signaling (2013) Blood, 122 (2), pp. 227-238. , PID: 23719297, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhtFejsb7N; Mulder, S.F., Jacobs, J.F.M., Olde Nordkamp, M.A.M., Galama, J.M.D., Desar, I.M.E., Torensma, R., Cancer patients treated with sunitinib or sorafenib have sufficient antibody and cellular immune responses to warrant influenza vaccination (2011) Clin Cancer Res Offic J Am Assoc Cancer Res, 17 (13), pp. 4541-4549. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXos1Smtbs%3D; Joona, T.B., Digkas, E., Wennstig, A.-K., Nyström, K., Nearchou, A., Nilsson, C., Influenza vaccination in breast cancer patients during subcutaneous trastuzumab in adjuvant setting (2020) Breast Cancer Res Treat, 184 (1), pp. 45-52. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFaju73N, PID: 32737713; Sun, C., Gao, J., Couzens, L., Tian, X., Farooqui, M.Z., Eichelberger, M.C., Seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with ibrutinib (2016) JAMA Oncol, 2 (12), pp. 1654-1662; Douglas, A.P., Trubiano, J.A., Barr, I., Leung, V., Slavin, M.A., Tam, C.S., Ibrutinib may impair serological responses to influenza vaccination (2017) Haematologica., 102 (10), pp. e397-e399. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1cXitV2js73F, PID: 28659336; Zent, C.S., Brady, M.T., Delage, C., Strawderman, M., Laniewski, N., Contant, P.N., Short term results of vaccination with adjuvanted recombinant varicella zoster glycoprotein E during initial BTK inhibitor therapy for CLL or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (2020) Leukemia, pp. 1-4; Mehta, V., Goel, S., Kabarriti, R., Cole, D., Goldfinger, M., Acuna-Villaorduna, A., Case fatality rate of cancer patients with COVID-19 in a New York Hospital System (2020) Cancer Discov, 10 (7), pp. 935-941. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitlalsbvE, PID: 32357994; Garassino, M.C., Whisenant, J.G., Huang, L.C., Trama, A., Torri, V., Agustoni, F., COVID-19 in patients with thoracic malignancies (TERAVOLT): first results of an international, registry-based, cohort study (2020) Lancet Oncol, 21 (7), pp. 914-922. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFKis77E, PID: 32539942; Luo, J., Rizvi, H., Egger, J.V., Preeshagul, I.R., Wolchok, J.D., Hellmann, M.D., Impact of PD-1 blockade on severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers (2020) Cancer Discov, 10 (8), pp. 1121-1128. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXit1ehsLnI, PID: 32398243; Wang, P.-F., Chen, Y., Song, S.-Y., Wang, T.-J., Ji, W.-J., Li, S.-W., Immune-related adverse events associated with Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment for malignancies: a meta-analysis (2017) Frontiers Pharmacol, 8, pp. 12-67; Läubli, H., Balmelli, C., Kaufmann, L., Stanczak, M., Syedbasha, M., Vogt, D., Influenza vaccination of cancer patients during PD-1 blockade induces serological protection but may raise the risk for immune-related adverse events (2018) J Immunother Cancer, 6 (1), p. 40. , PID: 29789020; Gambichler, T., Reuther, J., Scheel, C.H., Becker, J.C., On the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with viral infections including COVID-19 (2020) J Immunother Cancer, 8 (2), pp. e001145-e1149. , PID: 32611687; Keam, B., Kang, C.K., Jun, K.I., Moon, S.M., Suh, K.J., Lee, D.-W., Immunogenicity of influenza vaccination in patients with cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (2020) Clin Infect Dis, 71 (2), pp. 422-425. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVemtb7O, PID: 31680143; Chen, G., Wu, Q., Jiang, H., Li, Z., Hua, X., Hu, X., Impact of treatment delay due to the pandemic of COVID-19 on the efficacy of immunotherapy in head and neck cancer patients (2020) J Hematol Oncol, 13 (1), p. 174. , PID: 33308264, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXis1WqtL3I; Kneitz, C., Wilhelm, M., Tony, H.P., Effective B cell depletion with rituximab in the treatment of autoimmune diseases (2002) Immunobiology, 206 (5), pp. 519-527. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXislWitL8%3D, PID: 12607727; Cho, A., Bradley, B., Kauffman, R., Priyamvada, L., Kovalenkov, Y., Feldman, R., Robust memory responses against influenza vaccination in pemphigus patients previously treated with rituximab (2017) JCI Insight, 2 (12), pp. 1661-1671; Nazi, I., Kelton, J.G., Larché, M., Snider, D.P., Heddle, N.M., Crowther, M.A., The effect of rituximab on vaccine responses in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (2013) Blood, 122 (11), pp. 1946-1953. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsV2kt77J, PID: 23851398; Berglund, Å., Willén, L., Grödeberg, L., Skattum, L., Hagberg, H., Pauksens, K., The response to vaccination against influenza A(H1N1) 2009, seasonal influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae in adult outpatients with ongoing treatment for cancer with and without rituximab (2014) Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 53 (9), pp. 1212-1220. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhs1Sisr%2FL; Bouaziz, J.-D., Yanaba, K., Venturi, G.M., Wang, Y., Tisch, R.M., Poe, J.C., Therapeutic B cell depletion impairs adaptive and autoreactive CD4 (2007) Proceed Nat Acad Sci., 104 (52), pp. 20878-20883. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkt1Glsg%3D%3D; (2021) Preliminary Recommendations of the NCCN COVID-19 Vaccination Advisory Committee, , press release; Bhoj, V.G., Arhontoulis, D., Wertheim, G., Capobianchi, J., Callahan, C.A., Ellebrecht, C.T., Persistence of long-lived plasma cells and humoral immunity in individuals responding to CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy (2016) Blood, 128 (3), pp. 360-370. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xhs1egsL%2FK, PID: 27166358; Krejcik, J., Casneuf, T., Nijhof, I.S., Verbist, B., Bald, J., Plesner, T., Daratumumab depletes CD38+ immune regulatory cells, promotes T-cell expansion, and skews T-cell repertoire in multiple myeloma (2016) Blood, 128 (3), pp. 384-394. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28Xhs1ehtrrE, PID: 27222480; Frerichs, K.A., Bosman, P.W., van Velzen, J.F., Fraaij, P.L.A., Koopmans, M.P.G., Rimmelzwaan, G.F., Effect of daratumumab on normal plasma cells, polyclonal immunoglobulin levels, and vaccination responses in extensively pre-treated multiple myeloma patients (2020) Haematologica., 105 (6), pp. e302-e306. , PID: 31558675; Hill, J.A., Seo, S.K., How I prevent infections in patients receiving CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells for B-cell malignancies (2020) Blood, 136 (8), pp. 925-935. , PID: 32582924; Loarce-Martos, J., García-Fernández, A., López-Gutiérrez, F., García-García, V., Calvo-Sanz, L., Del Bosque-Granero, I., High rates of severe disease and death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in rheumatic disease patients treated with rituximab: a descriptive study (2020) Rheumatol Int, 40 (12), pp. 2015-2021. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvFKnsL3J, PID: 32945944; Damiani, G., Pacifico, A., Bragazzi, N.L., Malagoli, P., Biologics increase the risk of SARS‐ CoV‐2 infection and hospitalization, but not ICUadmission and death: Real‐life data from a large cohort during red‐zonedeclaration (2020) Dermatologic Therapy, 33 (5). , CD011972–6; (2020) COVID-19 Vaccine & Patients with Cancer, , https://www.asco.org/asco-coronavirusresources/covid-19-patient-care-information/covid-19-vaccine-patients-cancer, Available from; (2020) SITC Statement on Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination and Cancer Immunotherapy, , https://www.sitcancer.org/aboutsitc/press-releases/2020/sitc-statement-sars-cov-2-vaccination-cancer-immunotherapy, Available from; (2020) ESMO Statements for Vaccination against COVID-19 in Patients with Cancer, , https://www.esmo.org/covid-19-and-cancer/covid-19-vaccination, Available from; Ribas, A., Sengupta, R., Locke, T., Zaidi, S.K., Campbell, K.M., Carethers, J.M., Priority COVID-19 vaccination for patients with cancer while vaccine supply is limited (2021) Cancer Discov., 11 (2), pp. 233-236. , PID: 33355178 PY - 2021 SN - 17568722 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19 vaccines for patients with cancer: benefits likely outweigh risks T2 - Journal of Hematology and Oncology TI - COVID-19 vaccines for patients with cancer: benefits likely outweigh risks UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101845670&doi=10.1186%2fs13045-021-01046-w&partnerID=40&md5=8d9ade7d1acaf561930bdc6ea9bd8f43 VL - 14 ID - 6 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background Preventive behaviours have been recommended to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Adults with chronic diseases (CDs) are at higher risk of COVID-19-related mortality compared to the general population. Our objective was to evaluate adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours among adults without CDs compared with those with CDs and identify determinants of non-adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours. Study design Cross-sectional. Setting and participants We used data from the nationally representative COVID-19 Impact Survey (n=10 760) conducted in the USA. Primary measures Adults with CDs were categorised based on a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease/heart attack/stroke, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchitis or emphysema, cystic fibrosis, liver disease, compromised immune system, or cancer (54%). Results Compared with adults without CDs, adults with CDs were more likely to adhere to preventive behaviours including wearing a face mask (χ 2 -p<0.001), social distancing (χ 2 -p<0.001), washing or sanitising hands (χ 2 -p<0.001), and avoiding some or all restaurants (χ 2 -p=0.002) and public or crowded places (χ 2 -p=0.001). Adults with a high school degree or below [Adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR):1.82, 95% Confidence interval (CI)1.04 to 3.17], household income 3.0.CO;2-L; Dickes, A.C., Sengupta, P., Learning natural selection in 4th grade with multi-agent-gased computational models (2013) Research in Science Education, 43 (3), pp. 921-953. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-012-9293-2; Duschl, R.A., Schweingruber, H.A., Shouse, A.W., (2007) Taking science to school: Learning and teaching science in grade K-8, , National Academies Press; Evagorou, M., Osborne, J., Exploring young students’ collaborative argumentation within a socioscientific issue (2013) Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 50 (2), pp. 209-237; Fairweather, J., Farmer models of socio-ecologic systems: application of causal mapping across multiple locations (2010) Ecological Modelling, 221 (3), pp. 555-562; Forbes, C.T., Zangori, L., Schwarz, C.V., Empirical validation of integrated learning performances for hydrologic phenomena: 3rd-grade students’ model-driven explanation-construction (2015) Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 52 (7), pp. 895-921. , &; Ford, M., Grasp of practice as a reasoning resource for inquiry and nature of science understanding (2008) Science & Education, 17 (2), pp. 147-177. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-006-9045-7; Fortus, D., Kubsch, M., Bielik, T., Krajcik, J., Lehavi, Y., Neumann, K., Systems, transfer, and fields: Evaluating a new approach to energy instruction (2019) Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 56 (10), pp. 1341-1361. , (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21556; Frederiksen, J.R., White, B.Y., Conceptualizing and constructing linked models: Creating coherence in complex knowledge systems (2002) The Role of Communication in Learning to Model, pp. 69-96. , P. Brna, M. Baker, K. Stenning, & A. Tiberghien (Eds.); Galili, I., Scientific knowledge as a culture: A paradigm for meaningful teaching and learning of science (2018) History, Philosophy and Science Teaching: New Perspectives, pp. 203-233. , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62616-1_8, M. R. Matthews, Springer International Publishing; Gilbert, J.K., Osborne, R.J., The use of models in science and science teaching (1980) European Journal of Science Education, 2 (1), pp. 3-13. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1080/0140528800020103; Gray, R., Rogan-Klyve, A., Talking modelling: Examining secondary science teachers’ modelling-related talk during a model-based inquiry unit (2018) International Journal of Science Education, 40 (11), pp. 1345-1366; Gray, S., Jordan, R., Crall, A., Newman, G., Hmelo-Silver, C., Huang, J., Combining participatory modelling and citizen science to support volunteer conservation action (2017) Biological Conservation, 208, pp. 76-86. , (,).,., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.037; Harrison, A.G., Treagust, D.F., A typology of school science models (2000) International Journal of Science Education, 22 (9), pp. 1011-1026; Hmelo-Silver, C.E., Pfeffer, M.G., Comparing expert and novice understanding of a complex system from the perspective of structures, behaviors, and functions (2004) Cognitive Science, 28 (1), pp. 127-138; Hmelo-Silver, C.E., Marathe, S., Liu, L., Fish swim, rocks sit, and lungs breathe: Expert-novice understanding of complex systems (2007) Journal of the Learning Sciences, 16 (3), pp. 307-331; Jimenez-Aleixandre, M.-P., Knowledge producers or knowledge consumers? Argumentation and decision making about environmental management (2002) International Journal of Science Education, 24 (11), pp. 1171-1190; Joffe, M., Mindell, J., Complex causal process diagrams for analyzing the health impacts of policy interventions (2006) American Journal of Public Health, 96 (3), pp. 473-479; Ke, L., Schwarz, C., Supporting students’ meaningful engagement in scientific modeling through epistemological messages: A case study of contrasting teaching approaches (2021) Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 58 (3), pp. 335-365. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21662; Ke, L., Sadler, T.D., Zangori, L., Friedrichsen, P., Students’ perceptions of engagement in socio-scientific issue-based learning and their appropriation of epistemic tools for systems thinking (2020) International Journal of Science Education, 42 (8), pp. 1339-1361. , https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2020.17598432020.1759843, (a); Ke, L., Zangori, L., Sadler, T., Friedrichsen, P., Integrating scientific modeling and socio-scientific reasoning to promote scientific literacy (2020) Socio-Scientific Issue-Based Instruction for Scientific Literacy Development. IGI Global, , (b); Kelter, J., (2020) Agent-Based Model of Virus Spread, , https://www.jacobkelter.com/infection-model/, Retrieved from; Knuuttila, T., Models, representation, and mediation (2005) Philosophy of Science, 72 (5), pp. 1260-1271; Kolstø, S.D., Scientific literacy for citizenship: tools for dealing with the science dimension of controversial socioscientific issues (2001) Science Education, 85 (3), pp. 291-310; Krajcik, J., Reiser, B.J., Sutherland, L.M., Fortus, D., IQWST: Investigating and questioning our world through science and technology (2012) Activate Science; Latour, B., (1999) Pandora’s Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies, , Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; Laugksch, R.C., Scientific literacy: A conceptual overview (2000) Science Education, 84 (1), pp. 71-94. , https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(200001)84:1<71::AID-SCE6>3.0.CO;2-C; Lehrer, R., Schauble, L., Modeling natural variation through distribution (2004) American Educational Research Journal, 41 (3), pp. 635-679. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312041003635; Lehrer, R., Schauble, L., Scientific thinking and science literacy: Supporting development in learning in contexts (2006) Handbook of Child Psychology, , In W. Damon, R. M. Lerner, K. A. Renninger, & I. E. Sigel (Eds.); Lehrer, R., Schauble, L., Seeding evolutionary thinking by engaging children in modeling its foundations (2012) Science Education, 96 (4), pp. 701-724; Levins, R., The strategy of model building in population biology (1966) American Scientist, 54 (4), pp. 421-431; Levinson, R., Promoting the role of the personal narrative in teaching controversial socio-scientific issues (2008) Science & Education, 17 (8), pp. 855-871; Louca, L.T., Zacharia, Z.C., Modeling-based learning in science education: Cognitive, metacognitive, social, material and epistemological contributions (2012) Educational Review, 64 (4), pp. 471-492; Malvern, D., Mathematical models in science (2000) Developing Models in Science Education, pp. 59-90. , https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0876-1_4; Manz, E., Understanding the codevelopment of modeling practice and ecological knowledge (2012) Science Education, 96 (6), pp. 1071-1105; Manz, E., Lehrer, R., Schauble, L., Rethinking the classroom science investigation (2020) Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 57 (7), pp. 1148-1174; (2012) A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas, , National Academies Press; Nersessian, N.J., (2008) Creating Scientific Concepts, , MIT Press; Lead States, N.G.S.S., Next generation science standards: For states, by states (2013) National Academies Press; Oh, P.S., Oh, S.J., What teachers of science need to know about models: An overview (2011) International Journal of Science Education, 33 (8), pp. 1109-1130. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2010.502191; Passmore, C., Gouvea, J.S., Giere, R., Models in science and in learning science: focusing scientific practice on sense-making (2014) International Handbook of Research in History, Philosophy and Science Teaching, pp. 1171-1202. , http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-7654-8_36; Peel, A., Zangori, L., Friedrichsen, P., Hayes, E., Sadler, T., Students’ model-based explanations about natural selection and antibiotic resistance through socio-scientific issues-based learning (2019) International Journal of Science Education, 41 (4), pp. 510-532. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2018.1564084; Roberts, D.A., Scientific literacy/science literacy (2007) Handbook of Research on Science Education, pp. 729-780; Sadler, T.D., Informal reasoning regarding socioscientific issues: A critical review of research (2004) Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 41 (5), pp. 513-536. , (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20009; Sadler, T.D., Donnelly, L.A., Socioscientific argumentation: The effects of content knowledge and morality (2006) International Journal of Science Education, 28 (12), pp. 1463-1488. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690600708717; Sadler, T.D., Zeidler, D.L., Scientific literacy, PISA, and socioscientific discourse: Assessment for progressive aims of science education (2009) Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46 (8), pp. 909-921. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20327; Sadler, T.D., Amirshokoohi, A., Kazempour, M., Allspaw, K.M., Socioscience and ethics in science classrooms: Teacher perspectives and strategies (2006) Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 43 (4), pp. 353-376. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20142; Sadler, T.D., Barab, S.A., Scott, B., What do students gain by engaging in socioscientific inquiry? (2007) Research in Science Education, 37 (4), pp. 371-391. , &, (,)., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-006-9030-9; Sadler, T.D., Foulk, J.A., Friedrichsen, P.J., Evolution of a model for socio-scientific issue teaching and learning. International Journal of Education in Mathematics (2017) Science and Technology, 5 (1), pp. 75-87. , https://doi.org/10.18404/ijemst.55999; Sadler, T.D., Friedrichsen, P., Zangori, L., A framework for teaching for socio-scientific issue and model based learning (SIMBL) (2019) Educação E Fronteiras/Education and Borders, 9 (25), pp. 8-26; Schwarz, C.V., Reiser, B.J., Davis, E.A., Kenyon, L., Achér, A., Fortus, D., Developing a learning progression for scientific modeling: Making scientific modeling accessible and meaningful for learners (2009) Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46 (6), pp. 632-654. , (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20311; Stieff, M., Scopelitis, S., Lira, M.E., Desutter, D., Improving representational competence with concrete models (2016) Science Education, 100 (2), pp. 344-363; Stratford, S.J., Krajcik, J., Soloway, E., Secondary students’ dynamic modeling processes: Analyzing, reasoning about, synthesizing, and testing models of stream ecosystems (1998) Journal of Science Education and Technology, 7 (3), pp. 215-234. , https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021840407112; Stroupe, D., Examining classroom science practice communities: How teachers and students negotiate epistemic agency and learn science-as-practice (2014) Science Education, 98 (3), pp. 487-516; Tidemand, S., Nielsen, J.A., The role of socioscientific issues in biology teaching: From the perspective of teachers (2017) International Journal of Science Education, 39 (1), pp. 44-61; Uhden, O., Karam, R., Pietrocola, M., Pospiech, G., Modelling mathematical reasoning in physics education (2012) Science & Education, 21 (4), pp. 485-506; Voinov, A., Bousquet, F., Modelling with stakeholders (2010) Environmental Modelling & Software, 25 (11), pp. 1268-1281; Weisberg, M., Three kinds of idealization (2007) The Journal of Philosophy, 104 (12), pp. 639-659; Wilensky, U., Reisman, K., Thinking like a wolf, a sheep, or a firefly: Learning biology through constructing and testing computational theories—An embodied modeling approach (2006) Cognition and Instruction, 24 (2), pp. 171-209. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci2402_1; Windschitl, M., Thompson, J., Braaten, M., Beyond the scientific method: model-based inquiry as a new paradigm of preference for school science investigations (2008) Science Education, 92 (5), pp. 941-967; Zangori, L., Forbes, C.T., Scientific practices in elementary classrooms: Third-grade students’ scientific explanations for seed structure and function (2014) Science Education, 98 (4), pp. 614-639. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.21121; Zangori, L., Peel, A., Kinslow, A., Friedrichsen, P., Sadler, T.D., Student development of model-based reasoning about carbon cycling and climate change in a socio-scientific issues unit (2017) Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 54 (10), pp. 1249-1273. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.21404; Zeidler, D.L., Socioscientific issues as a curriculum emphasis: Theory, research and practice (2014) Handbook of Research on Science Education, pp. 697-726; Zeidler, D.L., Sadler, T.D., Simmons, M.L., Howes, E.V., Beyond STS: A research-based framework for socioscientific issues education (2005) Science Education, 89 (3), pp. 357-377. , &, (,).,., (,)., https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20048 PY - 2021 SN - 09267220 (ISSN) ST - Developing and Using Multiple Models to Promote Scientific Literacy in the Context of Socio-Scientific Issues T2 - Science and Education TI - Developing and Using Multiple Models to Promote Scientific Literacy in the Context of Socio-Scientific Issues UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103680146&doi=10.1007%2fs11191-021-00206-1&partnerID=40&md5=6927c7dd21275f1a67d011426ccc1524 ID - 151 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The annual meeting of the Association of Medical Laboratory Immunologists (AMLI) was convened virtually over the month of August. Prior to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, AMLI's scientific committee had chosen the following topics as the focus of its 2020 meeting: Histocompatibility Testing and Transplant Immunology; Secondary Immunodeficiency and Immunotherapy Monitoring; ANA Update; and Emerging Infectious Diseases and New Algorithms for Testing. Given the central role of the discipline in the evaluation of the host response to infection, it was apt to add a separate session on antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 infections to the original program. The current report provides an overview of the subjects discussed in the course of this meeting. © 2021 AD - Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology and Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, United States Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Euroimmun US Inc., Mountain Lakes, NJ, United States Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States AU - Knight, V. AU - Askar, M. Z. AU - Ntrivalas, E. AU - Nandiwada, S. L. AU - Peterson, L. K. AU - Tebo, A. E. AU - Kadkhoda, K. AU - Schmitz, J. L. AU - Naides, S. J. AU - Snyder, M. R. AU - Sadighi Akha, A. A. C2 - 33626382 C7 - 112994 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jim.2021.112994 J2 - J. Immunol. Methods KW - Antinuclear antibodies COVID-19 Histocompatibility Immune monitoring Immunodeficiency Immunotherapy SARS-CoV-2 antibody algorithm coronavirus disease 2019 histocompatibility test human immune deficiency immunologist immunology medical society patient monitoring priority journal Review animal chemistry group process host pathogen interaction laboratory pandemic physiology procedures virtual reality Algorithms Allergy and Immunology Animals Group Processes Histocompatibility Testing Host-Pathogen Interactions Humans Laboratories Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 Societies, Medical Transplantation Immunology LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JIMMB Correspondence Address: Knight, V.; Department of Pediatrics and Children's Hospital, United States; email: Vijaya.Knight@childrenscolorado.org Funding text 1: We are grateful to the AMLI Council, AMLI administrator Maggie Fogel and Jeff Rossio, PhD for their invaluable efforts to successfully convene the virtual AMLI 2020 meeting. We thank Marvin J. Fritzler, MD, PhD and Robert L. Schmidt, MD, PhD for their contribution to the ANA survey and analysis of the survey data. We are deeply indebted to every one of the AMLI speakers named throughout the manuscript, who prepared and delivered the lectures summarized here. PY - 2021 SN - 00221759 (ISSN) ST - Highlights of the 33rd annual scientific meeting of the Association of Medical Laboratory Immunologists (AMLI) T2 - Journal of Immunological Methods TI - Highlights of the 33rd annual scientific meeting of the Association of Medical Laboratory Immunologists (AMLI) UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101547690&doi=10.1016%2fj.jim.2021.112994&partnerID=40&md5=f8759209819cb28fa24654d024deb625 VL - 492 ID - 23 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Development of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines is a global priority and the best hope for ending the COVID-19 pandemic. Remarkably, in less than 1 year, vaccines have been developed and shown to be efficacious and are already being deployed worldwide. Yet, many challenges remain. Immune senescence and comorbidities in aging populations and immune dysregulation in populations living in low-resource settings may impede vaccine effectiveness. Distribution of vaccines among these populations where vaccine access is historically low remains challenging. In this Review, we address these challenges and provide strategies for ensuring that vaccines are developed and deployed for those most vulnerable. Copyright © 2021 The Authors. AD - Human Vaccines Project, New York, NY 10119, United States Human Immunomics Initiative, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Vaccine Immunology Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland at Baltimore, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo City, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada Animal Health Research Center, Center for Vaccines, Immunology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States Infectious Diseases Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, United States FHI 360, Durham, NC 27701, United States Vaccine Alliance Aotearoa New Zealand, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, 6242, New Zealand Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States Human Immunomics Initiative, Departments of Epidemiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States AU - Koff, W. C. AU - Schenkelberg, T. AU - Williams, T. AU - Baric, R. S. AU - Adrian, McDermott AU - Cameron, C. M. AU - Cameron, M. J. AU - Friemann, M. B. AU - Neumann, G. AU - Kawaoka, Y. AU - Kelvin, A. A. AU - Ross, T. M. AU - Schultz-Cherry, S. AU - Mastro, T. D. AU - Priddy, F. H. AU - Moore, K. A. AU - Ostrowsky, J. T. AU - Osterholm, M. T. AU - Goudsmit, J. C2 - 33536277 C7 - eabd1525 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1126/scitranslmed.abd1525 IS - 579 J2 - Sci. Transl. Med. KW - SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antibody response clinical evaluation coronavirus disease 2019 development enzyme linked immunospot assay global health herd immunity human immune response immunogenicity mortality rate pandemic pathogenesis priority journal Review risk factor safety vaccination virus transmission vulnerable population adverse event animal disease model disease predisposition immunology phylogeny physiology virology Animals COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Disease Models, Animal Disease Susceptibility Humans SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Koff, W.C.; Human Vaccines ProjectUnited States; email: wkoff@humanvaccinesproject.org Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19 Vaccines Funding details: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIAID Funding details: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED, HHSN272201400004C, HHSN272201400008C Funding details: Wellcome Trust, WT Funding details: American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, ALSAC, 75N93019C00052, HHSN272201400006C Funding text 1: W.C.K., T.S., and J.G. are supported by the Human Vaccines Project donor network. A.M. is supported by NIAID. C.M.C., M.J.C., and A.A.K. are funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research Rapid Response Grant for COVID-19. Y.K. is supported by a Research Program on Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases from AMED (19fk0108113). Y.K. and G.N. are supported by NIAID (grant no. HHSN272201400008C). T.M.R. is supported by an Emory-UGA-CEIRS grant (no. HHSN272201400004C). S.S.-C. is supported in part by ALSAC and by NIAID (grant no. HHSN272201400006C). T.M.R. and S.S.-C. are also supported by NIAID (grant no. 75N93019C00052). M.T.O., K.A.M., and J.T.O. are supported by the Wellcome Trust and by NIAID (grant no. HHSN272201400006C). Y.K. has received funding from Bharat Biotech. References: WHO Target Product Profiles for COVID-19 Vaccines, , www.who.int/publications/m/item/who-target-product-profiles-for-covid-19-vaccines, World Health Organzation, (9 April 2020); Yuki, K., Fujiogi, M., Koutsogiannaki, S., COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review (2020) Clin. Immunol, 215, p. 108427; Le, T. T., Cramer, J. P., Chen, R., Mayhew, S., Evolution of the COVID-19 vaccine development landscape (2020) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov, 19, pp. 667-668; Draft landscape of COVID-19 candidate vaccines, , www.who.int/publications/m/item/draft-landscape-of-covid-19-candidate-vaccines, World Health Organzation, (22 December 2020); Koff, W. C., Williams, M. A., Covid-19 and immunity in aging populations - A new research agenda (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 804-805; Grassly, N. C., Kang, G., Kampmann, B., Biological challenges to effective vaccines in the developing world (2015) Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci, 370, p. 20140138; Lipsitch, M., Dean, N. E., Understanding COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (2020) Science, 370, pp. 763-765; Santesmasses, D., Castro, J. P., Zenin, A. A., Shindyapina, A. V., Gerashchenko, M. V., Zhang, B., Kerepesi, C., Gladyshev, V. N., COVID-19 is an emergent disease of aging (2020) Aging Cell, 19, p. e13230; Akbar, A. N., Gilroy, D. W., Aging immunity may exacerbate COVID-19 (2020) Science, 369, pp. 256-257; Pera, A., Campos, C., Lopez, N., Hassouneh, F., Alonso, C., Tarazona, R., Solana, R., Immunosenescence: Implications for response to infection and vaccination in older people (2015) Maturitas, 82, pp. 50-55; Poland, G. A., Ovsyannikova, I. G., Kennedy, R. B., Personalized vaccinology: A review (2018) Vaccine, 36, pp. 5350-5357; Weinberger, B., Herndler-Brandstetter, D., Schwanninger, A., Weiskopf, D., Grubeck-Loebenstein, B., Biology of immune responses to vaccines in elderly persons (2008) Clin. Infect. Dis, 46, pp. 1078-1084; McElhaney, J. E., Verschoor, C. P., Andrew, M. K., Haynes, L., Kuchel, G. A., Pawelec, G., The immune response to influenza in older humans: Beyond immune senescence (2020) Immun. Ageing, 17, p. 10; Weinberger, B., Vaccines for the elderly: Current use and future challenges (2018) Immun. Ageing, 15, p. 3; Lee, J. K. H., Lam, G. K. L., Shin, T., Kim, J., Krishnan, A., Greenberg, D. P., Chit, A., Efficacy and effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccination for older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) Expert Rev. Vaccines, 17, pp. 435-443; Khurana, S., Verma, N., Yewdell, J. W., Hilbert, A. K., Castellino, F., Lattanzi, M., Del Giudice, G., Golding, H., MF59 adjuvant enhances diversity and affinity of antibodymediated immune response to pandemic influenza vaccines (2011) Sci. Transl. Med, 3, p. 85ra48; Pichichero, M. E., Protein carriers of conjugate vaccines: Characteristics, development, and clinical trials (2013) Hum. Vaccin. Immunother, 9, pp. 2505-2523; Siegrist, C.-A., Vaccine immunology (2018) Plotkin's Vaccines, pp. 16-34. , S. A. Plotkin, W. A. Orenstein, P. A. Offit, K. M. Edwards, Eds. (Elsevier), e17; Alter, G., Sekaly, R. P., Beyond adjuvants: Antagonizing inflammation to enhance vaccine immunity (2015) Vaccine, 33, pp. B55-B59. , (Suppl. 2); Mannick, J. B., Morris, M., Hockey, H. P., Roma, G., Beibel, M., Kulmatycki, K., Watkins, M., Klickstein, L. B., TORC1 inhibition enhances immune function and reduces infections in the elderly (2018) Sci. Transl. Med, 10, p. eaaq1564; Reichert, T. A., Sugaya, N., Fedson, D. S., Glezen, W. P., Simonsen, L., Tashiro, M., The Japanese experience with vaccinating schoolchildren against influenza (2001) N. Engl. J. Med, 344, pp. 889-896; Xu, J, Murphy, S, Kochanek, K., Arias, E, (2018) Mortality in the United States, , www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db355.htm, (January 2020); Wei, W. E., Li, Z., Chiew, C. J., Yong, S. E., Toh, M. P., Lee, V. J., Presymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 - Singapore, January 23-March 16, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 411-415; Oh, S.-J., Lee, J. K., Shin, O. S., Aging and the immune system: The impact of immunosenescence on viral infection, immunity and vaccine immunogenicity (2019) Immune Netw, 19, p. e37; Matrajt, L., Halloran, M. E., Longini, I. M., Optimal vaccine allocation for the early mitigation of pandemic influenza (2013) PLOS Comput. Biol, 9, p. e1002964; Singh, J. A., The Case for Why Africa Should Host COVID-19 Candidate Vaccine Trials (2020) J. Infect. Dis, 222, pp. 351-355; Uyoga, S., Adetifa, I. M. O., Karanja, H. K., Nyagwange, J., Tuju, J., Wanjiku, P., Aman, R., Warimwe, G. M., Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Kenyan blood donors (2020) Science, 371, pp. 79-82; Mbow, M., Lell, B., Jochems, S. P., Cisse, B., Mboup, S., Dewals, B. G., Jaye, A., Yazdanbakhsh, M., COVID-19 in Africa: Dampening the storm? (2020) Science, 369, pp. 624-626; Muyanja, E., Ssemaganda, A., Ngauv, P., Cubas, R., Perrin, H., Srinivasan, D., Canderan, G., Gaucher, D., Immune activation alters cellular and humoral responses to yellow fever 17D vaccine (2014) J. Clin. Invest, 124, pp. 3147-3158; Parker, E. P., Ramani, S., Lopman, B. A., Church, J. A., Iturriza-Gomara, M., Prendergast, A. J., Grassly, N. C., Causes of impaired oral vaccine efficacy in developing countries (2018) Future Microbiol, 13, pp. 97-118; Dzhivhuho, G. A., Rehrl, S. A., Ndlovu, H., Horsnell, W. G. C., Brombacher, F., Williamson, A. L., Chege, G. K., Chronic schistosomiasis suppresses HIV-specific responses to DNA-MVA and MVA-gp140 Env vaccine regimens despite antihelminthic treatment and increases helminth-associated pathology in a mouse model (2018) PLOS Pathog, 14, p. e1007182; Sedgh, G, Ashford, L, Hussain, R, (2016) Unmet Need for Contraception in Developing Countries: Examining Women's Reasons for Not Using a Method, , (Guttmacher Institute); Zhang, T., Wu, Q., Zhang, Z., Pangolin homology associated with 2019-nCoV https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.19.950253, bioRxiv 950253 [Preprint]. 20 February 2020; Zhou, P., Yang, X. L., Wang, X. G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Si, H. R., Shi, Z. L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273; Brouwer, P. J. M., Caniels, T. G., van der Straten, K., Snitselaar, J. L., Aldon, Y., Bangaru, S., Torres, J. L., van Gils, M. J., Potent neutralizing antibodies from COVID-19 patients define multiple targets of vulnerability (2020) Science, 369, pp. 643-650; Ng, K. W., Faulkner, N., Cornish, G. H., Rosa, A., Harvey, R., Hussain, S., Ulferts, R., Kassiotis, G., Preexisting and de novo humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in humans (2020) Science, 370, pp. 1339-1343; Piccoli, L., Park, Y.-J., Tortorici, M. A., Czudnochowski, N., Walls, A. C., Beltramello, M., Silacci-Fregni, C., Veesler, D., Mapping neutralizing and immunodominant sites on the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain by structure-guided high-resolution serology (2020) Cell, 183, pp. 1024-1042. , e21; Burton, D. R., Walker, L. M., Rational vaccine design in the time of COVID-19 (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 695-698; Cao, Y., Su, B., Guo, X., Sun, W., Deng, Y., Bao, L., Zhu, Q., Xie, X. S., Potent neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput single-cell sequencing of convalescent patients' B cells (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 73-84. , e16; Rogers, T. F., Zhao, F., Huang, D., Beutler, N., Burns, A., He, W. T., Limbo, O., Burton, D. R., Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model (2020) Science, pp. 956-963; Jegaskanda, S., Luke, C., Hickman, H. D., Sangster, M. Y., Wieland-Alter, W. F., McBride, J. M., Yewdell, J. W., Subbarao, K., Generation and protective ability of influenza virus-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in humans elicited by vaccination, natural infection, and experimental challenge (2016) J. Infect. Dis, 214, pp. 945-952; Korber, B., Fischer, W. M., Gnanakaran, S., Yoon, H., Theiler, J., Abfalterer, W., Hengartner, N., Montefiori, D. C., Tracking changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike: Evidence that D614G increases infectivity of the COVID-19 virus (2020) Cell, 182, pp. 812-827. , Sheffield COVID-19 Genomics Group e19; Weissman, D., Alameh, M.-G., de Silva, T., Collini, P., Hornsby, H., Brown, R., LaBranche, C. C., Montefiori, D. C., D614G spike mutation increases SARS CoV-2 susceptibility to neutralization (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 29, pp. 23-31. , e4; Starr, T. N., Greaney, A. J., Addetia, A., Hannon, W. W., Choudhary, M. C., Dingens, A. S., Li, J. Z., Bloom, J. D., Prospective mapping of viral mutations that escape antibodies used to treat COVID-19 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.30.405472, bioRxiv 2020.11.30.405472 [Preprint]. 1 December 2020; Thomson, E. C., Rosen, L. E., Shepherd, J. G., Spreafico, R., da Silva Filipe, A., Wojcechowskyj, J. A., Davis, C., Snell, G., The circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike variant N439K maintains fitness while evading antibody-mediated immunity https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.04.355842, bioRxiv 2020.11.04.355842 [Preprint]. 5 November 2020; Weisblum, Y., Schmidt, F., Zhang, F., DaSilva, J., Poston, D., Lorenzi, J. C., Muecksch, F., Bieniasz, P. D., Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants (2020) eLife, 9, p. 61312; Callow, K. A., Parry, H. F., Sergeant, M., Tyrrell, D. A. J., The time course of the immune response to experimental coronavirus infection of man (1990) Epidemiol. Infect, 105, pp. 435-446; Wu, F., Wang, A., Liu, M., Wang, Q., Chen, J., Xia, S., Ling, Y., Huang, J., Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a COVID-19 recovered patient cohort and their implications https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.30.20047365, medRxiv 2020.03.30.20047365 [Preprint]. 20 April 2020; Tan, W., Lu, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, J., Dan, Y., Tan, Z., He, X., Deng, G., Viral kinetics and antibody responses in patients with COVID-19 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20042382, medRxiv 2020.2003.2024.20042382 [Preprint]. 26 March 2020; Huang, A. T., Garcia-Carreras, B., Hitchings, M. D. T., Yang, B., Katzelnick, L. C., Rattigan, S. M., Borgert, B. A., Cummings, D. A. T., A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: Kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity (2020) Nat. Commun, 11, p. 4704; Shrock, E., Fujimura, E., Kula, T., Timms, R. T., Lee, I.-H., Leng, Y., Robinson, M. L., Elledge, S. J., Viral epitope profiling of COVID-19 patients reveals cross-reactivity and correlates of severity (2020) Science, 370, p. eabd4250. , MGH COVID-Collection & Processing Team; Aldridge, R. W., Lewer, D., Katikireddi, S. V., Mathur, R., Pathak, N., Burns, R., Fragaszy, E. B., Hayward, A., Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic groups in England are at increased risk of death from COVID-19: Indirect standardisation of NHS mortality data (2020) Wellcome Open Res, 5, p. 88; Wajnberg, A., Amanat, F., Firpo, A., Altman, D. R., Bailey, M. J., Mansour, M., McMahon, M., Cordon-Cardo, C., Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months (2020) Science, 370, pp. 1227-1230; Dan, J. M., Mateus, J., Kato, Y., Hastie, K. M., Yu, E. D., Faliti, C. E., Grifoni, A., Crotty, S., Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection (2020) Science, p. eabf4063; Braun, J., Loyal, L., Frentsch, M., Wendisch, D., Georg, P., Kurth, F., Hippenstiel, S., Thiel, A., SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells in healthy donors and patients with COVID-19 (2020) Nature, 587, pp. 270-274; Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S. I., Mateus, J., Dan, J. M., Moderbacher, C. R., Rawlings, S. A., Sette, A., Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1489-1501. , e15; Graham, B. S., Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development (2020) Science, 368, pp. 945-946; Cao, X., COVID-19: Immunopathology and its implications for therapy (2020) Nat. Rev. Immunol, 20, pp. 269-270; Haynes, B. F., Corey, L., Fernandes, P., Gilbert, P. B., Hotez, P. J., Rao, S., Santos, M. R., Arvin, A., Prospects for a safe COVID-19 vaccine (2020) Sci. Transl. Med, 12, p. abe0948; Ciabattini, A., Garagnani, P., Santoro, F., Rappuoli, R., Franceschi, C., Medaglini, D., Shelter from the cytokine storm: Pitfalls and prospects in the development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for an elderly population (2020) Semin. Immunopathol, 42, pp. 619-634; Tsang, J. S., Dobano, C., VanDamme, P., Moncunill, G., Marchant, A., Othman, R. B., Sadarangani, M., Kollmann, T. R., Improving vaccine-induced immunity: Can baseline predict outcome? (2020) Trends Immunol, 41, pp. 457-465; Arunachalam, P. S., Wimmers, F., Mok, C. K. P., Perera, R., Scott, M., Hagan, T., Sigal, N., Pulendran, B., Systems biological assessment of immunity to mild versus severe COVID-19 infection in humans (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1210-1220; Bastard, P., Rosen, L. B., Zhang, Q., Michailidis, E., Hoffmann, H.-H., Zhang, Y., Dorgham, K., Casanova, J.-L., Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 (2020) Science, 370, p. eabd4585. , HGID Lab; NIAID-USUHS Immune Response to COVID Group; COVID Clinicians; COVID-STORM Clinicians; Imagine COVID Group; French COVID Cohort Study Group; The Milieu Intérieur Consortium; CoV-Contact Cohort; Amsterdam UMC Covid-19 Biobank; COVID Human Genetic Effort; Snow, A. L., Dalgard, C. L., Milner, J. D., Vinh, D. C., Mogensen, T. H., Marr, N., Spaan, A. N., Casanova, J.-L., Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 (2020) Science, 370, p. eabd4570. , Q. Zhang, P. Bastard, Z. Liu, J. L. Pen, M. Moncada-Velez, J. Chen, M. Ogishi, I. K. D. Sabli, S. Hodeib, C. Korol, J. Rosain, K. Bilguvar, J. Ye, A. Bolze, B. Bigio, R. Yang, A. A. Arias, Q. Zhou, Y. Zhang, F. Onodi, S. Korniotis, L. Karpf, Q. Philippot, M. Chbihi, L. Bonnet-Madin, K. Dorgham, N. Smith, W. M. Schneider, B. S. Razooky, H.-H. Hoffmann, E. Michailidis, L. Moens, J. E. Han, L. Lorenzo, L. Bizien, P. Meade, A.-L. Neehus, A. C. Ugurbil, A. Corneau, G. Kerner, P. Zhang, F. Rapaport, Y. Seeleuthner, J. Manry, C. Masson, Y. Schmitt, A. Schlüter, T. L. Voyer, T. Khan, J. Li, J. Fellay, L. Roussel, M. Shahrooei, M. F. Alosaimi, D. Mansouri, H. Al-Saud, F. Al-Mulla, F. Almourfi, S. Z. Al-Muhsen, F. Alsohime, S. A. Turki, R. Hasanato, D. van de Beek, A. Biondi, L. R. Bettini, M. D'Angio, P. Bonfanti, L. Imberti, A. Sottini, S. Paghera, E. Quiros-Roldan, C. Rossi, A. J. Oler, M. F. Tompkins, C. Alba, I. Vandernoot, J.-C. Goffard, G. Smits, I. Migeotte, F. Haerynck, P. Soler-Palacin, A. Martin-Nalda, R. Colobran, P.-E. Morange, S. Keles, F. Çölkesen, T. Ozcelik, K. K. Yasar, S. Senoglu, Ş. N. Karabela, C. Rodríguez-Gallego, G. Novelli, S. Hraiech, Y. Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, X. Duval, C. Laouénan, COVID-STORM Clinicians; COVID Clinicians; Imagine COVID Group; French COVID Cohort Study Group; CoV-Contact Cohort; Amsterdam UMC Covid-19 Biobank; COVID Human Genetic Effort, NIAID-USUHS/TAGC COVID Immunity Group; Corey, L., Mascola, J. R., Fauci, A. S., Collins, F. S., A strategic approach to COVID-19 vaccine R&D (2020) Science, 368, pp. 948-950; Krammer, F., SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 516-527; Hsieh, C. L., Goldsmith, J. A., Schaub, J. M., DiVenere, A. M., Kuo, H. C., Javanmardi, K., Le, K. C., McLellan, J. S., Structure-based design of prefusionstabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes (2020) Science, 369, pp. 1501-1505; DiazGranados, C. A., Dunning, A. J., Kimmel, M., Kirby, D., Treanor, J., Collins, A., Pollak, R., Talbot, H. K., Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults (2014) N. Engl. J. Med, 371, pp. 635-645; Cunningham, A. L., Lal, H., Kovac, M., Chlibek, R., Hwang, S. J., Diez-Domingo, J., Godeaux, O., Heineman, T. C., (2016) N. Engl. J. Med, 375, pp. 1019-1032. , ZOE-70 Study Group et al; Lakdawala, S. S., Menachery, V. D., The search for a COVID-19 animal model (2020) Science, 368, pp. 942-943; Muñoz-Fontela, C., Dowling, W. E., Funnell, S. G. P., Gsell, P.-S., Ximena Riveros-Balta, A., Albrecht, R. A., Andersen, H., Barouch, D. H., Animal models for COVID-19 (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 509-515; Yu, P., Qi, F., Xu, Y., Li, F., Liu, P., Liu, J., Bao, L., Qin, C., Age-related rhesus macaque models of COVID-19 (2020) Animal Model. Exp. Med, 3, pp. 93-97; Bao, L., Deng, W., Huang, B., Gao, H., Liu, J., Ren, L., Wei, Q., Qin, C., The pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 830-833; Sia, S. F., Yan, L. M., Chin, A. W. H., Fung, K., Choy, K.-T., Wong, A. Y. L., Kaewpreedee, P., Yen, H.-L., Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 834-838; Shi, J., Wen, Z., Zhong, G., Yang, H., Wang, C., Huang, B., Liu, R., Bu, Z., Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2 (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1016-1020; Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A. J., Mahan, K. M., Mercado, N. B., Peter, L., Tostanoski, L. H., Barouch, D. H., SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 812-817; Deng, W., Bao, L., Liu, J., Xiao, C., Liu, J., Xue, J., Lv, Q., Qin, C., Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 818-823; McMahan, K., Yu, J., Mercado, N. B., Loos, C., Tostanoski, L. H., Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Barouch, D. H., Correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Nature; Doshi, P., Covid-19 vaccine trial protocols released (2020) BMJ, 371, p. m4058; Accelerating a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine, , www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/global-research-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/accelerating-a-safe-and-effectivecovid-19-vaccine, World Health Organzation, (December 2020); Polack, F. P., Thomas, S. J., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Perez, J. L., Gruber, W. C., Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA covid-19 vaccine (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 2603-2615. , C4591001 Clinical Trial Group; Walsh, E. E., Frenck, R., Falsey, A. R., Kitchin, N., Absalon, J., Gurtman, A., Lockhart, S., Gruber, W. C., Safety and immunogenicity of two RNA-based covid-19 vaccine candidates (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 2439-2450; Jackson, L. A., Anderson, E. J., Rouphael, N. G., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Coler, R. N., McCullough, M. P., Beigel, J. H., mRNA-1273 Study Group, An mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 - Preliminary report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 1920-1931; Anderson, E. J., Rouphael, N. G., Widge, A. T., Jackson, L. A., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Chappell, J. D., Beigel, J. H., mRNA-1273 Study Group, Safety and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in older adults (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 2427-2438; Widge, A. T., Rouphael, N. G., Jackson, L. A., Anderson, E. J., Roberts, P. C., Makhene, M., Chappell, J. D., Beigel, J. H., mRNA-1273 Study Group, Durability of responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccination (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 384, pp. 80-82; Cohen, J., 'Absolutely remarkable': No one who got Moderna's vaccine in trial developed severe COVID-19 (2020) Science, , abf9360; Folegatti, P. M., Ewer, K. J., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Pollard, A. J., Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group, Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 467-478; Ramasamy, M. N., Minassian, A. M., Ewer, K. J., Flaxman, A. L., Folegatti, P. M., Owens, D. R., Voysey, M., Pollard, A. J., Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): A single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial (2021) Lancet, 396, pp. 1979-1993. , Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group; Voysey, M., Clemens, S. A. C., Madhi, S. A., Weckx, L. Y., Folegatti, P. M., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Pollard, A. J., Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Group, Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: An interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK (2020) Lancet, 397, pp. 99-111; Sadoff, J., Le Gars, M., Shukarev, G., Heerwegh, D., Truyers, C., de Groot, A. M., Stoop, J., Schuitemaker, H., Safety and immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine candidate: Interim results of a phase 1/2a, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.23.20199604, medRxiv 2020.2009.2023.20199604 [Preprint]. 25 September 2020; Zhu, F.-C., Guan, X.-H., Li, Y.-H., Huang, J.-Y., Jiang, T., Hou, L.-H., Li, J.-X., Chen, W., Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant adenovirus type-5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18 years or older: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 479-488; Zhang, Y., Zeng, G., Pan, H., Li, C., Hu, Y., Chu, K., Han, W., Zhu, F., Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults aged 18-59 years: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 clinical trial (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, S1473-3099, pp. 30843-30844; Xia, S., Duan, K., Zhang, Y., Zhao, D., Zhang, H., Xie, Z., Li, X., Yang, X., Effect of an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 on safety and immunogenicity outcomes: Interim analysis of 2 Randomized clinical trials (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 951-960; Bangaru, S., Ozorowski, G., Turner, H. L., Antanasijevic, A., Huang, D., Wang, X., Torres, J. L., Ward, A. B., Structural analysis of full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein from an advanced vaccine candidate (2020) Science, 370, pp. 1089-1094; Keech, C., Albert, G., Cho, I., Robertson, A., Reed, P., Neal, S., Plested, J. S., Glenn, G. M., Phase 1-2 trial of a SARSCoV-2 recombinant spike protein nanoparticle vaccine (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 2320-2332; Goodwin, K., Viboud, C., Simonsen, L., Antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly: A quantitative review (2006) Vaccine, 24, pp. 1159-1169; Pala, P., Levin, J., Nanvubya, A., Kibengo, F., Namuniina, A., Kitandwe, P., Serwanga, J., Kaleebu, P., EV06 trial: Modulation of the immunogenicity of the DNA-HIV-PT123 and AIDSVAX®B/E combination HIV vaccine in adult Ugandans by S. mansoni infection (2016) AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 32, p. 110; Plotkin, S., Robinson, J. M., Cunningham, G., Iqbal, R., Larsen, S., The complexity and cost of vaccine manufacturing - An overview (2017) Vaccine, 35, pp. 4064-4071; Wolf, J., Bruno, S., Eichberg, M., Jannat, R., Rudo, S., VanRheenen, S., Coller, B. A., Applying lessons from the Ebola vaccine experience for SARS-CoV-2 and other epidemic pathogens (2020) NPJ Vaccines, 5, p. 51; Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator, , www.who.int/publications/m/item/access-to-covid-19-tools-(act)-accelerator, World Health Organzation, (24 April 2020); https://cepi.net/COVAX/, Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, COVAX: CEPI's response to COVID-19; Explaining Operation Warp Speed, , www.hhs.gov/coronavirus/explaining-operation-warp-speed/index.html, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, (21 December 2020); Fidler, D. P., Negotiating equitable access to influenza vaccines: Global health diplomacy and the controversies surrounding avian influenza H5N1 and pandemic influenza H1N1 (2010) PLOS Med, 7, p. e1000247; Yamada, T., Poverty, wealth, and access to pandemic influenza vaccines (2009) N. Engl. J. Med, 361, pp. 1129-1131; Billington, J., Deschamps, I., Erck, S. C., Gerberding, J. L., Hanon, E., Ivol, S., Shiver, J. W., Van Hoof, J., Developing vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and future epidemics and pandemics: Applying lessons from past outbreaks (2020) Health Secur, 18, pp. 241-249; Cohen, J., U.S. 'Warp Speed' vaccine effort comes out of the shadows (2020) Science, 368, pp. 692-693; Rappuoli, R., Black, S., Bloom, D. E., Vaccines and global health: In search of a sustainable model for vaccine development and delivery (2019) Sci. Transl. Med, 11, p. eaaw2888; (2020) Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, COVAX, the act-accelerator vaccines pillar, , https://cepi.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/COVAX-Pillar-background.pdf; What is the COVAX pillar, why do we need it and how will it work?, , www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/gavi-ceo-dr-seth-berkley-explains-covax-pillar, GAVI, (26 June 2020); Nkengasong, J. N., Ndembi, N., Tshangela, A., Raji, T., COVID-19 vaccines: How to ensure Africa has access (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 197-199; Bollyky, T. J., Gostin, L. O., Hamburg, M. A., The equitable distribution of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2462-2463; Liu, Y., Salwi, S., Drolet, B. C., Multivalue ethical framework for fair global allocation of a COVID-19 vaccine (2020) J. Med. Ethics, 46, pp. 499-501; Berkley, S., COVID-19 needs a big science approach (2020) Science, 367, pp. 1407-1407; Williams, S. R., LeBuhn, H. M., Driscoll, A. J., Neuzil, K. M., Chen, W. H., Ortiz, J. R., Which countries have adult vaccine programs? A global review of national adult influenza and pneumococcal vaccine policies (2020) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med, 201, p. A2146; Harrison, E. A., Wu, J. W., Vaccine confidence in the time of COVID-19 (2020) Eur. J. Epidemiol, 35, pp. 325-330; (2019) World Population Prospects, , https://population.un.org/wpp/, United Nations; Koff, W. C., Schenkelberg, T., The future of vaccine development (2020) Vaccine, 38, pp. 4485-4486; Desautels, T., Zemla, A., Lau, E., Franco, M., Faissol, D., Rapid in silico design of antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 using machine learning and supercomputing https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.03.024885, bioRxiv 2020.04.03.024885 [Preprint]. 10 April 2020; Bresee, J. S., Lafond, K. E., McCarron, M., Azziz-Baumgartner, E., Chu, S. Y., Ebama, M., Hinman, A. R., McKinlay, M., The partnership for influenza vaccine introduction (PIVI): Supporting influenza vaccine program development in low and middle-income countries through public-private partnerships (2019) Vaccine, 37, pp. 5089-5095. , PIVI Partners Group; Kremsner, P., Mann, P., Bosch, J., Fendel, R., Gabor, J. J., Kreidenweiss, A., Kroidl, A., Oostvogels, L., Phase 1 Assessment of the Safety and Immunogenicity of an mRNA- Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccine Candidate Against SARS-CoV-2 in Human Volunteers medRxiv 2020, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.09.20228551, 2011.2009.20228551 [Preprint]. 9 November 2020; Logunov, D. Y., Dolzhikova, I. V., Zubkova, O. V., Tukhvatullin, A. I., Shcheblyakov, D. V., Dzharullaeva, A. S., Grousova, D. M., Gintsburg, A. L., Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: Two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia (2020) Lancet, 396, pp. 887-897; Ward, B. J., Gobeil, P., Séguin, A., Atkins, J., Boulay, I., Charbonneau, P.-Y., Couture, M., Landry, N., Phase 1 trial of a Candidate Recombinant Virus-Like Particle Vaccine for Covid-19 Disease Produced in Plants https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.04.20226282, medRxiv 2020.11.04.20226282 [Preprint]. 6 November 2020; Ella, R., Mohan, K., Jogdand, H., Prasad, S., Reddy, S., Sarangi, V. K., Ganneru, B., Bhargava, B., A Phase 1: Safety and Immunogenicity Trial of an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-BBV152 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.11.20210419, medRxiv 2020.12.11.20210419 [Preprint]. 15 December 2020; Dinnon, K. H., Leist, S. R., Schafer, A., Edwards, C. E., Martinez, D. R., Montgomery, S. A., West, A., Baric, R. S., A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 560-566; Frieman, M., Yount, B., Agnihothram, S., Page, C., Donaldson, E., Roberts, A., Vogel, L., Baric, R. S., Molecular determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus pathogenesis and virulence in young and aged mouse models of human disease (2012) J. Virol, 86, pp. 884-897; Gretebeck, L. M., Subbarao, K., Animal models for SARS and MERS coronaviruses (2015) Curr. Opin. Virol, 13, pp. 123-129; McCray, P. B., Pewe, L., Wohlford-Lenane, C., Hickey, M., Manzel, L., Shi, L., Netland, J., Perlman, S., Lethal infection of K18-hACE2 mice infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2007) J. Virol, 81, pp. 813-821; Roberts, A., Thomas, W. D., Guarner, J., Lamirande, E. W., Babcock, G. J., Greenough, T. C., Vogel, L., Ambrosino, D. M., Therapy with a severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-neutralizing human monoclonal antibody reduces disease severity and viral burden in golden Syrian hamsters (2006) J. Infect. Dis, 193, pp. 685-692; Schaecher, S. R., Stabenow, J., Oberle, C., Schriewer, J., Buller, R. M., Sagartz, J. E., Pekosz, A., An immunosuppressed Syrian golden hamster model for SARS-CoV infection (2008) Virology, 380, pp. 312-321; Roberts, A., Vogel, L., Guarner, J., Hayes, N., Murphy, B., Zaki, S., Subbarao, K., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of golden Syrian hamsters (2005) J. Virol, 79, pp. 503-511; Warner, B. M., Safronetz, D., Kobinger, G. P., Syrian hamsters as a small animal model for emerging infectious diseases: Advances in immunologic methods (2017) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, 972, pp. 87-101; Zhao, G., Ni, B., Jiang, H., Luo, D., Pacal, M., Zhou, L., Zhang, L., Wang, X., Inhibition of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection by equine neutralizing antibody in golden Syrian hamsters (2007) Viral Immunol, 20, pp. 197-205; Huang, S. S., Banner, D., Degousee, N., Leon, A. J., Xu, L., Paquette, S. G., Kanagasabai, T., Kelvin, A. A., Differential pathological and immune responses in newly weaned ferrets are associated with a mild clinical outcome of pandemic 2009 H1N1 infection (2012) J. Virol, 86, pp. 13187-13201; Kim, Y.-I., Kim, S.-G., Kim, S.-M., Kim, E.-H., Park, S.-J., Yu, K.-M., Chang, J.-H., Choi, Y. K., Infection and rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in ferrets (2020) Cell Host Microbe, 27, pp. 704-709. , e2; Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Bestebroer, T., Lamers, M. M., Oude Munnink, B. B., de Meulder, D., Haagmans, B. L., Comparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model (2020) Science, 368, pp. 1012-1015; Yu, J., Tostanoski, L. H., Peter, L., Mercado, N. B., McMahan, K., Mahrokhian, S. H., Nkolola, J. P., Barouch, D. H., DNA vaccine protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques (2020) Science, 369, pp. 806-811; Lawler, J. V., Endy, T. P., Hensley, L. E., Garrison, A., Fritz, E. A., Lesar, M., Baric, R. S., Paragas, J., Cynomolgus macaque as an animal model for severe acute respiratory syndrome (2006) PLOS Med, 3, p. e149 PY - 2021 SN - 19466234 (ISSN) ST - Development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines forthose most vulnerable T2 - Science Translational Medicine TI - Development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines forthose most vulnerable UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101252814&doi=10.1126%2fscitranslmed.abd1525&partnerID=40&md5=7db374e627c001cefa07549310ad4620 VL - 13 ID - 111 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Coincident with the tsunami of COVID-19-related publications, there has been a surge of studies using real-world data, including those obtained from the electronic health record (EHR). Unfortunately, several of these high-profile publications were retracted because of concerns regarding the soundness and quality of the studies and the EHR data they purported to analyze. These retractions highlight that although a small community of EHR informatics experts can readily identify strengths and flaws in EHR-derived studies, many medical editorial teams and otherwise sophisticated medical readers lack the framework to fully critically appraise these studies. In addition, conventional statistical analyses cannot overcome the need for an understanding of the opportunities and limitations of EHR-derived studies. We distill here from the broader informatics literature six key considerations that are crucial for appraising studies utilizing EHR data: Data completeness, data collection and handling (eg, transformation), data type (ie, codified, textual), robustness of methods against EHR variability (within and across institutions, countries, and time), transparency of data and analytic code, and the multidisciplinary approach. These considerations will inform researchers, clinicians, and other stakeholders as to the recommended best practices in reviewing manuscripts, grants, and other outputs from EHR-data derived studies, and thereby promote and foster rigor, quality, and reliability of this rapidly growing field. © 2021 Journal of Medical Internet Research. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy ICS Maugeri, Pavia, Italy North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Data Analytics Research Center, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States Department of Informatics, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain Department of Computer Science and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Laboratory of Computer Science, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Clinical Research Informatics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Department of Biomedical Informatics, Necker-Enfant Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM UMRS 1138 Team 22, Université de Paris, Paris, France Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Informatics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children's Hospital, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, United States Department of Biomedical Informatics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States AU - Kohane, I. S. AU - Aronow, B. J. AU - Avillach, P. AU - Beaulieu-Jones, B. K. AU - Bellazzi, R. AU - Bradford, R. L. AU - Brat, G. A. AU - Cannataro, M. AU - Cimino, J. J. AU - García-Barrio, N. AU - Gehlenborg, N. AU - Ghassemi, M. AU - Gutiérrez-Sacristán, A. AU - Hanauer, D. A. AU - Holmes, J. H. AU - Hong, C. AU - Klann, J. G. AU - Loh, N. H. W. AU - Luo, Y. AU - Mandl, K. D. AU - Daniar, M. AU - Moore, J. H. AU - Murphy, S. N. AU - Neuraz, A. AU - Ngiam, K. Y. AU - Omenn, G. S. AU - Palmer, N. AU - Patel, L. P. AU - Pedrera-Jiménez, M. AU - Sliz, P. AU - South, A. M. AU - Tan, A. L. M. AU - Taylor, D. M. AU - Taylor, B. W. AU - Torti, C. AU - Vallejos, A. K. AU - Wagholikar, K. B. AU - Weber, G. M. AU - Cai, T. C2 - 33600347 C7 - e22219 DB - Scopus DO - 10.2196/22219 IS - 3 J2 - J. Med. Internet Res. KW - COVID-19 Data quality Electronic health records Literature Publishing Quality Real-world data Reporting checklist Reporting standards Review Statistics coronavirus disease 2019 data analysis data completeness data extraction electronic health record human information processing information science interdisciplinary research privacy publication reliability epidemiology isolation and purification peer review procedures reproducibility Data Collection Humans Peer Review, Research Reproducibility of Results SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Kohane, I.S.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, 10 Shattuck Street, United States; email: isaac_kohane@harvard.edu References: Mehra, MR, Desai, SS, Ruschitzka, F, Patel, AN., RETRACTED: Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: A multinational registry analysis (2020) The Lancet, , May [FREE Full text] [doi]; Mehra, MR, Desai, SS, Kuy, S, Henry, TD, Patel, AN., Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19 (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (25), p. e102. , Jun 18; [doi]; Cox, D, Donnelly, C., (2011) Principles of Applied Statistics, , Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; Eriksson, L, Byrne, T, Johansson, E, Trygg, J, Vikström, C., (2013) Multi- and Megavariate Data Analysis Basic Principles and Applications, , Malmo, Sweden: Umetrics Academy; Benchimol, EI, Smeeth, L, Guttmann, A, Harron, K, Moher, D, Petersen, I, The REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data (RECORD) statement (2015) PLoS Med, 12 (10), p. e1001885. , RECORD Working Committee. Oct 6; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 26440803]; Langan, SM, Schmidt, SA, Wing, K, Ehrenstein, V, Nicholls, SG, Filion, KB, The reporting of studies conducted using observational routinely collected health data statement for pharmacoepidemiology (RECORD-PE) (2018) BMJ, 363, p. k3532. , Nov 14; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 30429167]; Hersh, WR, Weiner, MG, Embi, PJ, Logan, JR, Payne, PR, Bernstam, EV, Caveats for the Use of Operational Electronic Health Record Data in Comparative Effectiveness Research (2013) Medical Care, 51, pp. S30-S37. , [doi]; Verheij, RA, Curcin, V, Delaney, BC, McGilchrist, MM., Possible Sources of Bias in Primary Care Electronic Health Record Data Use and Reuse (2018) J Med Internet Res, 20 (5), p. e185. , May 29; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 29844010]; Kahn, MG, Callahan, TJ, Barnard, J, Bauck, AE, Brown, J, Davidson, BN, A Harmonized Data Quality Assessment Terminology and Framework for the Secondary Use of Electronic Health Record Data (2016) EGEMS (Wash DC), 4 (1), p. 1244. , Sep 11; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 27713905]; Weiskopf, NG, Weng, C., Methods and dimensions of electronic health record data quality assessment: Enabling reuse for clinical research (2013) J Am Med Inform Assoc, 20 (1), pp. 144-151. , Jan 01; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 22733976]; Casey, JA, Schwartz, BS, Stewart, WF, Adler, NE., Using Electronic Health Records for Population Health Research: A Review of Methods and Applications (2016) Annu Rev Public Health, 37 (1), pp. 61-81. , Mar 18; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 26667605]; Capocaccia, R, De Angelis, R., Estimating the completeness of prevalence based on cancer registry data (1997) Statist Med, 16 (4), pp. 425-440. , Feb 28; [doi]; Smirnov, VB., Earthquake catalogs: Evaluation of data completeness (1998) Volc Seis, 19, pp. 497-510. , [FREE Full text]; (2015) Methods for De-identification of PHI, , https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/special-topics/de-identification/index.html, Office for Civil Rights. Nov 6. [accessed 2020-06-16]; Kirby, J, Speltz, P, Rasmussen, L, Basford, M, Gottesman, O, Peissig, P, PheKB: A catalog and workflow for creating electronic phenotype algorithms for transportability (2016) J Am Med Inform Assoc, 23 (6), pp. 1046-1052. , Nov; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 27026615]; Zhang, J, Can, A, Lai, PMR, Mukundan, S, Castro, VM, Dligach, D, Age and morphology of posterior communicating artery aneurysms (2020) Sci Rep, 10 (1), p. 11545. , Jul 14; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32665589]; Ananthakrishnan, AN, Cagan, A, Cai, T, Gainer, VS, Shaw, SY, Churchill, S, Statin Use Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2016) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 14 (7), pp. 973-979. , Jul; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 26905907]; Uno, H, Ritzwoller, DP, Cronin, AM, Carroll, NM, Hornbrook, MC, Hassett, MJ., Determining the Time of Cancer Recurrence Using Claims or Electronic Medical Record Data (2018) JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, (2), pp. 1-10. , Dec [doi]; Liu, C, Wang, F, Hu, J, Xiong, H., Temporal Phenotyping from Longitudinal Electronic Health Records: A Graph Based Framework. New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery (2015), pp. 705-714. , Presented at: KDD '15: Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data; August 2015; Sydney, NSW, Australia [doi]; Brat, G, Weber, G, Gehlenborg, N, Avillach, P, Palmer, N, Chiovato, L, International electronic health record-derived COVID-19 clinical course profiles: The 4CE consortium (2020) NPJ Digit Med, 3, p. 109. , [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 32864472]; Klann, J, Abend, A, Raghavan, V, Mandl, K, Murphy, S., Data interchange using i2b2 (2016) J Am Med Inform Assoc, 23 (5), pp. 909-915. , Sep; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 26911824]; Ananthakrishnan, AN, Cai, T, Savova, G, Cheng, S, Chen, P, Perez, RG, Improving Case Definition of Crohn s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in Electronic Medical Records Using Natural Language Processing (2013) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 19 (7), pp. 1411-1420. , [doi]; Ning, W, Chan, S, Beam, A, Yu, M, Geva, A, Liao, K, Feature extraction for phenotyping from semantic and knowledge resources (2019) J Biomed Inform, 91, p. 103122. , Mar; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 30738949]; Zhang, Y, Cai, T, Yu, S, Cho, K, Hong, C, Sun, J, High-throughput phenotyping with electronic medical record data using a common semi-supervised approach (PheCAP) (2019) Nat Protoc, 14 (12), pp. 3426-3444. , Dec 20; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 31748751]; Zhong, Q, Karlson, EW, Gelaye, B, Finan, S, Avillach, P, Smoller, JW, Screening pregnant women for suicidal behavior in electronic medical records: Diagnostic codes vs. clinical notes processed by natural language processing (2018) BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 18 (1), p. 30. , May 29; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 29843698]; Morin, A, Urban, J, Adams, PD, Foster, I, Sali, A, Baker, D, Research priorities. Shining light into black boxes (2012) Science, 336 (6078), pp. 159-160. , Apr 13; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 22499926]; Beaulieu-Jones, BK, Greene, CS., Reproducibility of computational workflows is automated using continuous analysis (2017) Nat Biotechnol, 35 (4), pp. 342-346. , Apr 13; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 28288103]; Liao, KP, Cai, T, Savova, GK, Murphy, SN, Karlson, EW, Ananthakrishnan, AN, Development of phenotype algorithms using electronic medical records and incorporating natural language processing (2015) BMJ, 350 (apr24 11), pp. h1885-h1885. , Apr 24; [FREE Full text] [doi] [Medline: 25911572]; Geissbuhler, A, Safran, C, Buchan, I, Bellazzi, R, Labkoff, S, Eilenberg, K, Trustworthy reuse of health data: A transnational perspective (2013) Int J Med Inform, 82 (1), pp. 1-9. , Jan; [doi] [Medline: 23182430] PY - 2021 SN - 14388871 (ISSN) ST - What every reader should know about studies using electronic health record data but may be afraid to ask T2 - Journal of Medical Internet Research TI - What every reader should know about studies using electronic health record data but may be afraid to ask UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102603596&doi=10.2196%2f22219&partnerID=40&md5=0e910a2eeb41af3656858d5bdd06553a VL - 23 ID - 70 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a formidable challenge to care continuity for community mental health clients with serious mental illness and for providers who have had to quickly pivot the modes of delivering critical services. Despite these challenges, many of the changes implemented during the pandemic can and should be maintained. These include offering a spectrum of options for remote and in-person care, greater integration of behavioral and physical healthcare, prevention of viral exposure, increased collaborative decision-making related to long-acting injectable and clozapine use, modifying safety plans and psychiatric advance directives to include new technologies and broader support systems, leveraging natural supports, and integration of digital health interventions. This paper represents the authors’ collaborative attempt to both reflect the changes to clinical practice we have observed in CMHCs across the US during this pandemic and to suggest how these changes can align with best practices identified in the empirical literature. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. AD - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Department of Psychiatry, Center of Excellence in Community Mental Health, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Psychiatry, North Carolina Psychiatric Research Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Ramsey County ACT and Radias Forensic ACT Team, St. Paul, MN, United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359911, Seattle, WA 98104, United States AU - Kopelovich, S. L. AU - Monroe-DeVita, M. AU - Buck, B. E. AU - Brenner, C. AU - Moser, L. AU - Jarskog, L. F. AU - Harker, S. AU - Chwastiak, L. A. C2 - 32562033 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s10597-020-00662-z IS - 3 J2 - Community Ment. Health J. KW - Behavioral health treatment delivery Community mental health COVID-19 pandemic e-Mental health Serious mental illness cooperation decision making drug dependence etiology health care delivery human mental disease mental health service mental stress organization and management pandemic patient care procedures psychology severity of illness index telemedicine Community Mental Health Services Continuity of Patient Care Cooperative Behavior COVID-19 Delivery of Health Care Humans Mental Disorders Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 Stress, Psychological Substance-Related Disorders LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :10 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: CMHJA Correspondence Address: Kopelovich, S.L.; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359911, United States; email: skopelov@uw.edu Funding details: National Institute of Mental Health, NIMH, K23MH122504 Funding details: Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, BBRF Funding details: Boehringer Ingelheim, BI Funding details: National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, NARSAD Funding text 1: Dr. Buck is currently supported by a career development award also from NIMH (K23MH122504) as well as a NARSAD Young Investigator Award from the Brain and Behavior Foundation. Funding text 2: In the past 3 years, Dr. Jarskog has received research grant funding from Auspex/Teva, Boehringer-Ingelheim, and Otsuka; he has served as a consultant to UpToDate and Bracket. No other authors have conflicts of interest to disclose. All authors certify responsibility for the content of this article. This work does report on research involving human participants or animal subjects and did not require ethical approval from an Institutional Review Board. References: Adalja, A.A., Toner, E., Inglesby, T.V., Priorities for the US health community responding to COVID-19 (2020) JAMA: The Journal of The American Medical Association; Andersson, G., Cuijpers, P., Internet-based and other computerized psychological treatments for adult depression: A meta-analysis (2009) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 38 (4); Anthenelli, R.M., Benowitz, N.L., West, R., St Aubin, L., McRae, T., Lawrence, D., Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial (2016) The Lancet; Backhaus, A., Agha, Z., Maglione, M.L., Repp, A., Ross, B., Zuest, D., Rice-Thorp, N.M., Videoconferencing psychotherapy: A systematic review (2012) Psychological Services, 9 (2), pp. 111-131; Baker, A.L., Turner, A., Beck, A., Berry, K., Haddock, G., Kelly, P.J., Bucci, S., Telephone-delivered psychosocial interventions targeting key health priorities in adults with a psychotic disorder: Systematic review (2018) Psychological Medicine, 48 (16), pp. 2637-2657; Ben-Zeev, D., The digital mental health genie is out of the bottle (2020) Psychiatric Services; Ben-Zeev, D., Brian, R.M., Jonathan, G., Razzano, L., Pashka, N., Carpenter-Song, E., Drake, R.E., Mobile health (mHealth) versus clinic-based group intervention for people with serious mental illness: A randomized controlled trial (2018) Psychiatric Services, 69 (9), pp. 978-985; Ben-Zeev, D., Buck, B., Kopelovich, S., Meller, S., A technology-assisted life of recovery from psychosis (2019) NPJ Schizophrenia, 5 (1), pp. 1-4; Ben-Zeev, D., Kaiser, S.M., Krzos, I., Remote “hovering” with individuals with psychotic disorders and substance use: Feasibility, engagement, and therapeutic alliance with a text-messaging mobile interventionist (2014) Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 10 (4), pp. 197-203; Campbell, B., Caine, K., Connelly, K., Doub, T., Bragg, A., Cell phone ownership and use among mental health outpatients in the USA (2015) Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 19 (2), pp. 367-378; (2020) Stress and Coping. Cdc.Gov, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html, Retrieved from; (2020) Medicare telemedicine health care provider facts. CMS.gov, , https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/medicare-telemedicine-health-care-provider-fact-sheet, Retrieved from; Chowkwanyun, M., Reed, A.L., Racial health disparities and COVID-19—Caution and context (2020) New England Journal of Medicine; What is the Clozapine REMS program? Clozapine REMS Program (2020) Clozapine Product Manufacturers Group, , https://www.clozapinerems.com/CpmgClozapineUI/home.u#, Retrieved from; (2020) OCR announces notification of enforcement discretion for telehealth remote communications during the COVID-19 nationwide public health emergency, , https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2020/03/17/ocr-announces-notification-of-enforcement-discretion-for-telehealth-remote-communications-during-the-covid-19.html, Retrieved from; Druss, B.G., Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in populations with serious mental illness (2020) JAMA Psychiatry; Farrell, S.J., Dunn, M., Huff, J., Examining health literacy levels in homeless persons and vulnerably housed persons with mental health disorders (2020) Community Mental Health Journal, 56 (4), pp. 645-651. , & Psychiatric Outreach Team, & Royal Ottawa Health Care Group; Freeman, D., Persecutory delusions: A cognitive perspective on understanding and treatment (2016) The Lancet Psychiatry, 3 (7), pp. 685-692; Freeman, D., Taylor, K.M., Molodynski, A., Waite, F., Treatable clinical intervention targets for patients with schizophrenia (2019) Schizophrenia Research, 211, pp. 44-50; Granholm, E., Ben-Zeev, D., Link, P.C., Bradshaw, K.R., Holden, J.L., Mobile assessment and treatment for schizophrenia (MATS): A pilot trial of an interactive text-messaging intervention for medication adherence, socialization, and auditory hallucinations (2012) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38 (3), pp. 414-425; Hall, J.L., McGraw, D., For telehealth to succeed, privacy and security risks must be identified and addressed (2014) Health Affairs, , https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0997, Retrieved from; Halstead, M., (2020) Stressed over COVID-19? Text New Hotline for Help from Local Counselors. the Southern Illinoisan, , https://thesouthern.com/news/local/stressed-over-covid-19-text-new-hotline-for-help-from-local-counselors/article_7faa59f1-6296-568e-9c3c-90df43b80f89.html, Retrieved from; Hu, Y., Sun, J., Dai, Z., Deng, H., Li, X., Huang, Q., Wu, Y., Prevalence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Journal of Clinical Virology, 127, p. 104371. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXnsFant7c%3D; Kasckow, J., Felmet, K., Appelt, C., Thompson, R., Rotondi, A., Haas, G., Telepsychiatry in the assessment and treatment of schizophrenia (2014) Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses, 8 (1), pp. 21-27A; Kingdon, D.G., Turkington, D., (2005) Cognitive therapy of schizophrenia: Guides to evidence-based practice, pp. 234-239. , Guilford, New York; Lal, S., Adair, C.E., E-Mental health: A rapid review of the literature (2014) Psychiatric Services, 65 (1), pp. 24-32; Matsumoto, K., Sutoh, C., Asano, K., Seki, Y., Urao, Y., Yokoo, M., Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with real-time therapist support via videoconference for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder: Pilot single-arm trial (2018) Journal of Medical Internet Research; McLay, L., Sutherland, D., Machalicek, W., Sigafoos, J., (2020); America, M.H., (2020) Mental Health and COVID-19—Information and Resources, , https://mhanational.org/covid19, Mental Health America, Inc, Retrieved from; (2020) About MindTools.io, , https://mindtools.io/about-mindtools-io/, . Retrieved 2020, from; Mohr, D.C., Cuijpers, P., Lehman, K., Supportive accountability: A model for providing human support to enhance adherence to eHealth interventions (2011) Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13 (1); Montes, J.M., Medina, E., Gomez-Beneyto, M., Maurino, J., A short message service (SMS)-based strategy for enhancing adherence to antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia (2012) Psychiatry Research, 200 (2-3), pp. 89-95; Morland, L.A., Mackintosh, M., Glassman, L.H., Wells, S.Y., Thorp, S.R., Rauch, S.A.M., Home-based delivery of variable length prolonged exposure therapy: A comparison of clinical efficacy between service modalities (2020) Depression and Anxiety, 37 (4), pp. 346-355; (2020) COVID-19 information and resources. NAMI.org, , https://www.nami.org/Support-Education/NAMI-HelpLine/COVID-19-Information-and-Resources, Retrieved from; Neary, M., Schueller, S.M., State of the field of mental health apps (2018) Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 25 (4), pp. 531-537; Noel, V.A., Acquilano, S.C., Carpenter-Song, E., Drake, R.E., Use of mobile and computer devices to support recovery in people with serious mental illness: Survey study (2019) JMIR Mental Health, 6 (2); (2018) App Guide, , https://www.psyberguide.org/apps/, . Retrieved 2020, from; Saeed, S.A., Bloch, R.M., Diamond, J.M., Telepsychiatry: Overcoming barriers to implementation (2012) Current Psychiatry, 11 (12), p. 28; Schlosser, D.A., Campellone, T.R., Truong, B., Etter, K., Vergani, S., Komaiko, K., Vinogradov, S., Efficacy of PRIME, a mobile app intervention designed to improve motivation in young people with schizophrenia (2018) Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44 (5), pp. 1010-1020; Schmeida, M., McNeal, R., Mossberger, K., Policy determinants affect telehealth implementation (2007) Telemedicine Journal and e-Health, 13 (2), pp. 100-107; Schueller, S.M., Hunter, J.F., Figueroa, C., Aguilera, A., Use of digital mental health for marginalized and underserved populations (2019) Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 6 (3), pp. 243-255; Schwebel, F.J., Larimer, M.E., Using text message reminders in health care services: A narrative literature review (2018) Internet Interventions, 13, pp. 82-104; Simmons, S.C., Eccleston, A., Saeed, S.A., Leonhardt, G.G., Lancaster, M., The need for telepsychiatry and e-mental health in publicly-funded mental health systems (2005) Psychiatrist Administrator, 5 (2), pp. 30-35; Siskind, D., Honer, W.G., Clark, S., Correll, C.U., Hasan, A., Howes, O., Kane, J.M., Consensus statement on the use of clozapine during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience: JPN, 45 (4), p. 200061; (2020) My mental health crisis plan. (1.0.1) [Mobile app, , https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.smiadviser.apa&hl=en_US, Google Play. Retrieved from; Sowislo, J.F., Orth, U., Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies (2013) Psychological Bulletin, 139 (1), pp. 213-240; Stanley, B., Brown, G.K., Safety planning intervention: A brief intervention to mitigate suicide risk (2012) Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19 (2), pp. 256-264; Stead, L.F., Perera, R., Bullen, C., Mant, D., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Cahill, K., Lancaster, T., Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation (2012) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11, p. CD000146. , PID: 23152200; Stubbings, D.R., Rees, C.S., Roberts, L.D., Kane, R.T., Comparing in-person to videoconference-based cognitive behavioral therapy for mood and anxiety disorders: Randomized controlled trial (2013) Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15 (11); (2020) Emergency Order No. 20-02, , https://www.insurance.wa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/emergency-order-20-02_3.pdf?utm_content=&utm_medium=email&utm_name=&utm_source=govdelivery&utm_term=, Washington State Office of Insurance Commissioner, Retrieved from; Williams, D.R., Cooper, L.A., ; Wright, J.H., Sudak, D.M., Turkington, D., Thase, M.E., (2010) High-yield cognitive-behavior therapy for brief sessions: An illustrated guide, , American Psychiatric Publishing, Philadelphia PY - 2021 SN - 00103853 (ISSN) SP - 405-415 ST - Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness T2 - Community Mental Health Journal TI - Community Mental Health Care Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Practical Strategies for Improving Care for People with Serious Mental Illness UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086700639&doi=10.1007%2fs10597-020-00662-z&partnerID=40&md5=6063868fed3b2064cbdc7322d999d28e VL - 57 ID - 52 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It can lead to multiorgan failure, including respiratory and cardiovascular decompensation, and kidney injury, with significant associated morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with underlying metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory or kidney disease. Dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, has shown significant cardio- and renoprotective benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes (with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease), heart failure and chronic kidney disease, and may provide similar organ protection in high-risk patients with COVID-19. Materials and methods: DARE-19 (NCT04350593) is an investigator-initiated, collaborative, international, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study testing the dual hypotheses that dapagliflozin can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular, kidney and/or respiratory complications or all-cause mortality, or improve clinical recovery, in adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 but not critically ill on admission. Eligible patients will have ≥1 cardiometabolic risk factor for COVID-19 complications. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo. Primary efficacy endpoints are time to development of new or worsened organ dysfunction during index hospitalization, or all-cause mortality, and the hierarchical composite endpoint of change in clinical status through day 30 of treatment. Safety of dapagliflozin in individuals with COVID-19 will be assessed. Conclusions: DARE-19 will evaluate whether dapagliflozin can prevent COVID-19-related complications and all-cause mortality, or improve clinical recovery, and assess the safety profile of dapagliflozin in this patient population. Currently, DARE-19 is the first large randomized controlled trial investigating use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with COVID-19. © 2020 The Authors. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. AD - Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Academic Research Organization - Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States National University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Argentina Experimental Medicine & Immunotherapeutics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States Late-Stage Development, CVRM, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden Late-Stage Development, CVRM, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States AU - Kosiborod, M. AU - Berwanger, O. AU - Koch, G. G. AU - Martinez, F. AU - Mukhtar, O. AU - Verma, S. AU - Chopra, V. AU - Javaheri, A. AU - Ambery, P. AU - Gasparyan, S. B. AU - Buenconsejo, J. AU - Sjöström, C. D. AU - Langkilde, A. M. AU - Oscarsson, J. AU - Esterline, R. C2 - 33319454 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/dom.14296 IS - 4 J2 - Diabetes Obes. Metab. KW - clinical trial dapagliflozin phase III study randomized trial SGLT2 inhibitor placebo 2-(3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxymethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol benzhydryl derivative glucoside adult all cause mortality Article cardiometabolic risk factor cardiovascular disease clinical feature controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 disease control disease course disease exacerbation double blind procedure drug effect drug efficacy drug safety drug use human incidence infection prevention kidney disease length of stay major clinical study observational study randomized controlled trial respiratory failure risk assessment study design treatment duration atherosclerosis cause of death chronic kidney failure comorbidity complication heart failure hypertension mortality multicenter study (topic) non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus randomized controlled trial (topic) treatment outcome Benzhydryl Compounds Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Cardiovascular Diseases COVID-19 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Disease Progression Double-Blind Method Glucosides Humans Kidney Diseases Multicenter Studies as Topic Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Renal Insufficiency, Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency SARS-CoV-2 Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :2 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: DOMEF Correspondence Address: Kosiborod, M.; Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, United States; email: mkosiborod@saint-lukes.org Correspondence Address: Kosiborod, M.; The George Institute for Global Health, Australia; email: mkosiborod@saint-lukes.org Chemicals/CAS: dapagliflozin, 461432-26-8; glucoside, 50986-29-3; 2-(3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-4-chlorophenyl)-6-hydroxymethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol; Benzhydryl Compounds; Glucosides; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors Funding details: AstraZeneca Funding text 1: Support in formatting and submitting the manuscript was provided by Parita Sheth (inScience Communications, Springer Healthcare Ltd, UK), and funded by AstraZeneca. The DARE-19 study is sponsored by Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute with AstraZeneca as the funding source. References: Chan, J.F., Yuan, S., Kok, K.H., A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 514-523; Guan, W.J., Ni, Z.Y., Hu, Y., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1708-1720; Severe outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)—United States, February 12–March 16, 2020 (2020) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69, pp. 343-346; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Ronco, C., Reis, T., Husain-Syed, F., Management of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 738-742; Guzik, T.J., Mohiddin, S.A., Dimarco, A., COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system: implications for risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options (2020) Cardiovasc Res, 116, pp. 1666-1687; Madjid, M., Safavi-Naeini, P., Solomon, S.D., Vardeny, O., Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system: a review (2020) JAMA Cardiol, 5, pp. 831-840; Li, X., Xu, S., Yu, M., Risk factors for severity and mortality in adult COVID-19 inpatients in Wuhan (2020) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 146, pp. 110-118; Arentz, M., Yim, E., Klaff, L., Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington state (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1612-1614; Grasselli, G., Zangrillo, A., Zanella, A., Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region, Italy (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1574-1581; Williamson, E.J., Walker, A.J., Bhaskaran, K., Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 430-436; Shi, Q., Zhang, X., Jiang, F., Clinical characteristics and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with diabetes in Wuhan, China: a two-center, retrospective study (2020) Diabetes Care, 43, pp. 1382-1391; Vrsalovic, M., Vrsalovic, P.A., Cardiac troponins predict mortality in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of adjusted risk estimates (2020) J Infect, 8, pp. e99-e100; Shi, S., Qin, M., Shen, B., Association of Cardiac Injury with Mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Cardiol, 5, pp. 802-810; Guo, T., Fan, Y., Chen, M., Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) JAMA Cardiol, 5, pp. 1-8; Pranata, R., Huang, I., Lukito, A.A., Raharjo, S.B., Elevated N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide is associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Postgrad Med J, 96, pp. 387-391; Kang, Y., Chen, T., Mui, D., Cardiovascular manifestations and treatment considerations in COVID-19 (2020) Heart, 106, pp. 1132-1141; Ayres, J.S., A metabolic handbook for the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Nat Metab, 2, pp. 572-585; Horwitz, L.I., Jones, S.A., Cerfolio, R.J., Trends in COVID-19 risk-adjusted mortality rates (2020) J Hosp Med, , https://doi.org/10.12788/jhm.3552; Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J.M., Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes (2015) N Engl J Med, 373, pp. 2117-2128; Neal, B., Perkovic, V., Mahaffey, K.W., Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes (2017) N Engl J Med, 377, pp. 644-657; Wiviott, S.D., Raz, I., Bonaca, M.P., Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (2019) N Engl J Med, 380, pp. 347-357; Perkovic, V., Jardine, M.J., Neal, B., Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy (2019) N Engl J Med, 380, pp. 2295-2306; McMurray, J.J.V., Solomon, S.D., Inzucchi, S.E., Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (2019) N Engl J Med, 381, pp. 1995-2008; Petrie, M.C., Verma, S., Docherty, K.F., Effect of Dapagliflozin on worsening heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure with and without diabetes (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1353-1368; Sabatine, M.S., DeMets, D.K., Inzucchi, S.E., Timing of onset of clinical benefit with Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure: an analysis from the Dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse-outcomes in heart failure trial (DAPA-HF) (2019) Circulation, 140, pp. E973-E974; McMurray, J.J.V., Wheeler, D.C., Stefansson, B.V., Effect of dapagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease, with and without cardiovascular disease (2020) Circulation, , https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051675; Heerspink, H.J.L., Stefansson, B.V., Correa-Rotter, R., Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 1436-1446; Daniele, G., Xiong, J., Solis-Herrera, C., Dapagliflozin enhances fat oxidation and ketone production in patients with type 2 diabetes (2016) Diabetes Care, 39, pp. 2036-2041; Codo, A.C., Davanzo, G.G., Monteiro, L.B., Elevated glucose levels favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and monocyte response through a HIF-1α/glycolysis-dependent Axis (2020) Cell Metab, 32, pp. 437-446; Icard, P., Lincet, H., Wu, Z., The key role of Warburg effect in SARS-CoV-2 replication and associated inflammatory response (2020) Biochimie, 180, pp. 169-177; Solini, A., Giannini, L., Seghieri, M., Dapagliflozin acutely improves endothelial dysfunction, reduces aortic stiffness and renal resistive index in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study (2017) Cardiovasc Diabetol, 16, p. 138; Bonnet, F., Scheen, A.J., Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on systemic and tissue low-grade inflammation: the potential contribution to diabetes complications and cardiovascular disease (2018) Diabetes Metab, 44, pp. 457-464; Kim, S.R., Lee, S.G., Kim, S.H., SGLT2 inhibition modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity via ketones and insulin in diabetes with cardiovascular disease (2020) Nat Commun, 11, p. 2127; Maayah, Z.H., Ferdaoussi, M., Takahara, S., Soni, S., Dyck, J.R.B., Empagliflozin suppresses inflammation and protects against acute septic renal injury (2020) Inflammopharmacology, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-020-00732-4; Lambers Heerspink, H.J., de Zeeuw, D., Wie, L., Leslie, B., List, J., Dapagliflozin a glucose-regulating drug with diuretic properties in subjects with type 2 diabetes (2013) Diabetes Obes Metab, 15, pp. 853-862; Ghanim, H., Abuaysheh, S., Hejna, J., Dapagliflozin suppresses Hepcidin and increases erythropoiesis (2020) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 105; Ohara, K., Masuda, T., Morinari, M., The extracellular volume status predicts body fluid response to SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in diabetic kidney disease (2020) Diabetol Metab Syndr, 12, p. 37; Griffin, M., Rao, V.S., Ivey-Miranda, J., Empagliflozin in heart failure: diuretic and cardio-renal effects (2020) Circulation, 142, pp. 1028-1039; Mullens, W., Martens, P., Forouzan, O., Effects of dapagliflozin on congestion assessed by remote pulmonary artery pressure monitoring (2020) ESC Heart Fail, 7, pp. 2071-2073; Ferrannini, E., Sodium-glucose co-transporters and their inhibition: clinical physiology (2017) Cell Metab, 26, pp. 27-38; Aragon-Herrera, A., Feijoo-Bandin, S., Otero Santiago, M., Empagliflozin reduces the levels of CD36 and cardiotoxic lipids while improving autophagy in the hearts of Zucker diabetic fatty rats (2019) Biochem Pharmacol, 170; Tanaka, S., Sugiura, Y., Saito, H., Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition normalizes glucose metabolism and suppresses oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic mice (2018) Kidney Int, 94, pp. 912-925; Packer, M., Autophagy stimulation and intracellular sodium reduction as mediators of the cardioprotective effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (2020) Eur J Heart Fail, 22, pp. 618-628; Esterline, R.L., Vaag, A., Oscarsson, J., Vora, J., Mechanisms in endocrinology: SGLT2 inhibitors: clinical benefits by restoration of normal diurnal metabolism? (2018) Eur J Endocrinol, 178, pp. R113-R125; Perez-Belmonte, L.M., Torres-Pena, J.D., Lopez-Carmona, M.D., Mortality and other adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19 in association with glucose-lowering drugs: a nationwide cohort study (2020) BMC Med, 18, p. 359; Goyal, P., Choi, J.J., Pinheiro, L.C., Clinical characteristics of Covid-19 in new York City (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 2372-2374; Kosiborod, M., Cavender, M.A., Fu, A.Z., Lower risk of heart failure and death in patients initiated on sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs: the CVD-REAL study (comparative effectiveness of cardiovascular outcomes in new users of sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors) (2017) Circulation, 136, pp. 249-259; Beigel, J.H., Tomashek, K.M., Dodd, L.E., Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 - final report (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 1813-1826; (2017) Multiple endpoints in clinical trials guidance for industry, , https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/multiple-endpoints-clinical-trials-guidance-industry, Accessed December 2020; Pocock, S.J., Ariti, C.A., Collier, T.J., Wang, D., The win ratio: a new approach to the analysis of composite endpoints in clinical trials based on clinical priorities (2012) Eur Heart J, 33, pp. 176-182; Koch, G.G., Tangen, C.M., Jung, J.W., Amara, I.A., Issues for covariance analysis of dichotomous and ordered categorical data from randomized clinical trials and non-parametric strategies for addressing them (1998) Stat Med, 17, pp. 1863-1892; Gasparyan, S.B., Folkvaljon, F., Bengtsson, O., Buenconsejo, J., Koch, G.G., Adjusted win ratio with stratification: calculation methods and interpretation (2020) Stat Methods Med Res, , https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280220942558; Levey, A.S., Stevens, L.A., Schmid, C.H., A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate (2009) Ann Intern Med, 150, pp. 604-612; Hossein-Khannazer, N., Shokoohian, B., Shpichka, A., Aghdaei, H.A., Timashev, P., Vosough, M., Novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of COVID-19 (2020) J Mol Med, 98, pp. 789-803; (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment guidelines, , https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/, Accessed December 2020; Repurposed antiviral drugs for COVID-19–interim WHO SOLIDARITY trial results (2020) medRxiv, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.1110.1115.20209817; Horby, P., Lim, W.S., Emberson, J., (2020) Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary report, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.22.20137273v1; Horby, P., Mafham, M., Linsell, L., (2020) Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary results from a multi-centre, randomized, controlled trial, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.15.20151852v1; Trials, R., (2020) Statement from the Chief Investigators: no Clinical Benefit from Use of Hydroxychloroquine in Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19; Costanzo, A.E., Taylor, K.R., Dutt, S., Han, P.P., Fujioka, K., Jameson, J.M., Obesity impairs gammadelta T cell homeostasis and antiviral function in humans (2015) PLoS One, 10; Maejima, Y., SGLT2 inhibitors play a salutary role in heart failure via modulation of the mitochondrial function (2019) Front Cardiovasc Med, 6, p. 186; Bhatt, D.L., Szarek, M., Steg, P.G., Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and recent worsening heart failure (2020) N Engl J Med, , https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2030183; Damman, K., Beusekamp, J.C., Boorsma, E.M., Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre pilot study on the effects of empagliflozin on clinical outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (EMPA-RESPONSE-AHF) (2020) Eur J Heart Fail, 22, pp. 713-722; Scheen, A.J., SGLT2 inhibition during the COVID-19 epidemic: friend or foe? (2020) Diabetes Metab, 46, pp. 343-344; Fernandez-Fernandez, B., D'Marco, L., Gorriz, J.L., Exploring sodium glucose co-Transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for organ protection in COVID-19 (2020) J Clin Med, 9; Katulanda, P., Dissanayake, H.A., Ranathunga, I., Prevention and management of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes: an appraisal of the literature (2020) Diabetologia, 63, pp. 1440-1452; Armeni, E., Aziz, U., Qamar, S., Protracted ketonaemia in hyperglycaemic emergencies in COVID-19: a retrospective case series (2020) Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 8, pp. 660-663; (2020) Farxiga met all primary and secondary endpoints in groundbreaking Phase III DAPA-CKD trial for the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease; Ohara, K., Masuda, T., Murakami, T., Effects of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on fluid distribution: a comparison study with furosemide and tolvaptan (2019) Nephrology, 24, pp. 904-911 PY - 2021 SN - 14628902 (ISSN) SP - 886-896 ST - Effects of dapagliflozin on prevention of major clinical events and recovery in patients with respiratory failure because of COVID-19: Design and rationale for the DARE-19 study T2 - Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism TI - Effects of dapagliflozin on prevention of major clinical events and recovery in patients with respiratory failure because of COVID-19: Design and rationale for the DARE-19 study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099580131&doi=10.1111%2fdom.14296&partnerID=40&md5=2ad9f0488a8026d6fb98ca041c4c2c5a VL - 23 ID - 42 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Many challenges could occur that result in the need to handle an increase in the number of medical student clinical placements, such as curricular transformations or viral pandemics, such as COVID 19. Here, we describe four different institutions’ approaches to addressing the impact of curricular transformation on clerkships using an implementation science lens. Specifically, we explore four different approaches to managing the ‘bulge’ as classes overlap in clerkships Curriculum leaders at four medical schools report on managing the bulge of core clinical placements resulting from reducing the duration of the foundational sciences curriculum and calendar shifts for the respective clerkship curriculum. These changes, which occurred between 2014 and 2018, led to more students being enrolled in core clinical rotations at the same time than occurred previously. Schools provided respective metrics used to evaluate the effectiveness of their bulge management technique. These data typically included number of students affected in each phase of their curricular transformation, performance on standardized examinations, and student and faculty feedback. Not all data were available from all schools, as some schools are still working through their ‘bulge’ or are affected by COVID-19. There is much to be learned about managing curricular transformations. Working on such endeavors in a learning collaborative such as the AMA Accelerating Change in Medical Education Initiative provided support and insights about how to survive, thrive and identifying lessons learned during curricular transformation. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis. AD - School of Medicine, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, United States School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States University of Michigan Medical SchoolMI, United States AU - Kraakevik, J. A. AU - Beck Dallaghan, G. L. AU - Byerley, J. S. AU - Monrad, S. U. AU - Davis, J. A. AU - Hammoud, M. M. AU - Grum, C. M. AU - Carney, P. C2 - 33327877 C7 - 1857322 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/10872981.2020.1857322 IS - 1 J2 - Med. Educ. Online KW - clerkship Curriculum transformation clinical education curriculum human medical education medical school medical student procedures Clinical Clerkship COVID-19 Education, Medical, Undergraduate Humans SARS-CoV-2 Schools, Medical Students, Medical LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Carney, P.; Department of Family Medicine, United States; email: carneyp@ohsu.edu Funding details: American Medical Association, AMA Funding text 1: This work was supported by the American Medical Association Accelerating Change in Medical Education initiative. References: Skochelak, S.E., Stack, S.J., Creating the medical schools of the future (2017) Acad Med, 92, pp. 16-19; Cooke, M., Irby, D.M., O’Brien, B.C., (2010) Educating physicians: a call for reform of medical school and residency, , Stanford, Calif: Jossey-Bass/Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching; Skochelak, S.E., A decade of reports calling for change in medical education: what do they say? (2010) Acad Med, 85 (9), pp. S26-S33; Asch, D.A., Weinstein, D.F., Innovation in medical education (2014) N Engl J Med, 371 (9), pp. 794-795; Green, L.A., Jones, S.M., Fetter, G., Jr., Preparing the personal physician for practice: changing family medicine residency training to enable new model practice (2007) Acad Med, 82 (12), pp. 1220-1227; Jones, M.D., Leslie, M.K., McGuinness, G.A., Residency review and redesign in pediatrics: new (and old) questions (2009) Pediatrics, 123, pp. S1-S60; Mladenovic, J., Bush, R., Frohna, J., Internal medicine’s educational innovations project: improving health care and learning (2009) Am J Med, 122 (4), pp. 398-404; (2016) Accelerating change in medical education, , http://www.changemeded.org, cited, Jan, 22, Available from; Carney, P.A., Brandt, B., Dekhtyar, M., Advancing health professions education research by creating a network of networks (2018) Acad Med, 93 (8), pp. 1110-1112; McGaghie, W.C., Implementation science: addressing complexity in medical education (2011) Med Teach, 33 (2), pp. 97-98; Carney, P.A., Crites, G.E., Hughes Miller, K., Building and executing a research agenda toward conducting implementation science in medical education (2016) MedEd Online, 21. , http://med-ed-online.net/index.php/meo/article/view/32405; Thomas, D.C., Berry, A., Djuricich, A.M., What is implementation science and what forces are driving change in medical education? (2016) Am J Med Qual, , http://ajm.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/08/10/1062860616662523.full.pdf?ijkey=j3Rb1xcBDz7QYG5&keytype=finite, August; Nilsen, P., Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks (2015) Implement Sci, 10, p. 53; Damschroder, L.J., Aron, D.C., Keith, R.E., Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: A consolidated framework for advancing implementation science (2009) Implement Sci, 4, p. 50; Kraakevik, J.A., Frederick, M., Ryan, N., An observational study of an approach to accommodate a fourth-year to third-year neurology clerkship curricular transition (2020) Med Educ Online, 25 (1), p. 1710331; Monrad, S.U., Zaidi, N.L.B., Gruppen, L.D., Does reducing clerkship lengths by 25% affect medical student performance and perceptions? (2018) Acad Med, 93 (12), pp. 1833-1840. , Dec; Holman, E., Bridge, P., Daniel, M., The impact of moving USMLE step 1 on NBME clinical subject exam performance Abstract accepted for AAMC 2018, Austin, TX.; Daniel, M., Fleming, A., Grochowski, C.O., Why not wait? Eight institutions share their experiences moving USA medical licensing examination step 1 after core clinical clerkships (2017) Acad Med, 92, pp. 1515-1524; Carter, Carter, J.L., Ali, I.I., Status of neurology medical school education (2014) Neurology, 83, pp. 1761-1766. , Nov, 4; Halbert, J.A., Jones, A., Ramsey, L.P., Clinical placements for medical students in the time of COVID-19 (2020) Med J Aust, , https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.5694/mja2.50686, June, 25, cited 2020 Jul21, Published online ahead of print, Available from; Sam, A.H., Millar, K.R., Lupton, M.G.F., Digital clinical placement for medical students in response to COVID-19 (2020) Acad Med, , Apr, 22, Published online ahead of print PY - 2021 SN - 10872981 (ISSN) ST - Managing expansions in medical students’ clinical placements caused by curricular transformation: perspectives from four medical schools: by T2 - Medical Education Online TI - Managing expansions in medical students’ clinical placements caused by curricular transformation: perspectives from four medical schools: by UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097608212&doi=10.1080%2f10872981.2020.1857322&partnerID=40&md5=986ab688fb5a203c885d3cbe6a6d4660 VL - 26 ID - 213 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Importance: During the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing masks has become necessary, especially within health care. However, to our knowledge, the consequences of mask wearing on communication between surgeons and patients have not been studied. Objective: To evaluate the effects of clear vs standard covered masks on communication during surgical clinic encounters. Design: This randomized clinical trial examined communication between surgeons and their patients when surgeons wore clear vs covered masks in surgical outpatient clinics at a single academic medical center. New patients were recruited from participating surgeons' clinic schedules. Interventions: Surgeons wore either clear masks or covered masks for each clinic visit with a new patient, based on a per-visit randomization plan. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome measures included patient perceptions of (1) surgeon communication and (2) trust in surgeons, as well as (3) quantitative assessments and (4) qualitative assessments regarding patient impressions of the surgeon's mask. After the clinic encounter, patients completed a verbal survey including validated Clinician and Group Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems questions. Additional questions involved surgeon empathy, trust, and the patient's impression of the surgeon's mask. Data were analyzed by comparing patient data in the clear vs covered groups using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests, and comments were analyzed for themes. Results: Two hundred patients were enrolled from 15 surgeons' clinics spanning 7 subspecialties. When surgeons wore a clear mask, patients rated their surgeons higher for providing understandable explanations (clear, 95 of 100 [95%] vs covered, 78 of 100 [78%]; P <.001), demonstrating empathy (clear, 99 [99%] vs covered, 85 [85%]; P <.001), and building trust (clear, 94 [94%] vs covered, 72 [72%]; P <.001). Patients preferred clear masks (clear, 100 [100%] vs covered, 72 [72%]; P <.001), citing improved surgeon communication and appreciation for visualization of the face. Conversely, 8 of 15 surgeons (53%) were unlikely to choose the clear mask over their standard covered mask. Conclusions and Relevance: This randomized clinical trial demonstrates that patients prefer to see their surgeon's face. Surgeons who wore clear masks were perceived by patients to be better communicators, have more empathy, and elicit greater trust. Because masks will remain part of the health care landscape for some time, deliberate attention to preserving communication within the surgeon-patient relationship is warranted. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04595695. © 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, BurnettWomack Building, 100 Manning Dr, Ste 4038, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States AU - Kratzke, I. M. AU - Rosenbaum, M. E. AU - Cox, C. AU - Ollila, D. W. AU - Kapadia, M. R. C2 - 33704389 C7 - e210836 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamasurg.2021.0836 19584762; Kapadia, M.R., Kieran, K., Being affable, available, and able is not enough: Prioritizing surgeon-patient communication (2020) JAMA Surg, 155 (4), pp. 277-278. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamasurg.2019.5884, doi: 32101264; Levinson, W., Hudak, P., Tricco, A.C., A systematic review of surgeon-patient communication: Strengths and opportunities for improvement (2013) Patient Educ Couns, 93 (1), pp. 3-17. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.03.023, doi: 23867446; Han, J.L., Pappas, T.N., A review of empathy, its importance, and its teaching in surgical training (2018) J Surg Educ, 75 (1), pp. 88-94. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2017.06.035, doi: 28716384; Little, P., White, P., Kelly, J., Everitt, H., Mercer, S., Randomised controlled trial of a brief intervention targeting predominantly non-verbal communication in general practice consultations (2015) Br J Gen Pract, 65 (635), pp. e351-e356. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp15X685237, doi: 26009529; Schlögl, M., Jones C, A., Maintaining our humanity through the mask: Mindful communication during COVID-19 (2020) J Am Geriatr Soc, 68 (5), pp. E12-E13. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16488, doi: 32282056; Ma, Q.X., Shan, H., Zhang, H.L., Li, G.M., Yang, R.M., Chen, J.M., Potential utilities of mask-wearing and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J Med Virol, 92 (9), pp. 1567-1571. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25805, doi: 32232986; Feng, S., Shen, C., Xia, N., Song, W., Fan, M., Cowling, B.J., Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8 (5), pp. 434-436. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30134-X, doi: 32203710; (2020), https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19-masks, What is WHO's view on masks? Updated June 7, Accessed October 8, 2020; (2020) Guidance for Wearing Masks: Help Slow the Spread of COVID-19, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/cloth-face-cover-guidance.html, Updated August. Accessed October 8, 2020; Wong, C.K., Yip, B.H., Mercer, S., Effect of facemasks on empathy and relational continuity: A randomised controlled trial in primary care (2013) BMC Fam Pract, 14, p. 200. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2296-14-200, doi: 24364989; Atcherson, S.R., Mendel, L.L., Baltimore, W.J., The effect of conventional and transparent surgical masks on speech understanding in individuals with and without hearing loss (2017) J Am Acad Audiol, 28 (1), pp. 58-67. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.15151, doi: 28054912; https://www.randomlists.com/team-generator, Random team generator. Accessed October 12, 2020; (2021), https://www.theclearmask.com/, the person, not the mask. Published. Accessed February 24, 2021; (2020), https://www.unchealthcare.org/coronavirus/physician-resources/, Physician resources. Updated April 14, Accessed October 12, 2020; (2020), https://www.ahrq.gov/cahps/surveys-guidance/cg/index.html, CAHPS clinician & group survey. Updated June. Accessed October 8, 2020; Tukey, J.W., We need both exploratory and confirmatory (1980) The American Statistician, 34 (1), pp. 23-25. , http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2682991; Maccallum, R.C., Zhang, S., Preacher, K.J., Rucker, D.D., On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables (2002) Psychol Methods, 7 (1), pp. 19-40. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.19, doi: 11928888; (2016), https://cahpsdatabase.ahrq.gov/cahpsidb/Public/Files/Doc4_How_Results_are_Calculated_CG_2015.pdf, The CAHPS Clinician & Group Survey Database: how results are calculated. Updated July. Accessed February 24, 2021; Nowell, L.S., Norris, J.M., White, D.E., Moules, N.J., Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria (2017) Int J Qual Methods, 16 (1). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847; Halpern, J., What is clinical empathy? (2003) J Gen Intern Med, 18 (8), pp. 670-674. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.21017.x, doi: 12911651; Berman, A.C., Chutka, D.S., Assessing effective physician-patient communication skills: "are you listening to me, doc?" (2016) Korean J Med Educ, 28 (2), pp. 243-249. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3946/kjme.2016.21, doi: 26913771; Derksen, F., Bensing, J., Lagro-Janssen, A., Effectiveness of empathy in general practice: A systematic review (2013) Br J Gen Pract, 63 (606), pp. e76-e84. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp13X660814, doi: 23336477; Sinclair, S., Beamer, K., Hack, T.F., Sympathy, empathy, and compassion: A grounded theory study of palliative care patients' understandings, experiences, and preferences (2017) Palliat Med, 31 (5), pp. 437-447. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216316663499, doi: 27535319; Frith, C., Role of facial expressions in social interactions (2009) Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 364 (1535), pp. 3453-3458. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0142, doi: 19884140; Zenger, J., Folkman, J., (2016), https://hbr.org/2016/07/what-great-listeners-actually-do, What great listeners actually do. Published July 14, Accessed February 15, 2021; Benbenishty, J.S., Hannink, J.R., Non-verbal communication to restore patient-provider trust (2015) Intensive Care Med, 41 (7), pp. 1359-1360. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3710-8, doi: 25792202; Birkhäuer, J., Gaab, J., Kossowsky, J., Trust in the health care professional and health outcome: A meta-analysis (2017) PLoS One, 12 (2). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170988, artnr e0170988. doi: 28170443; Murff, H.J., France, D.J., Blackford, J., Relationship between patient complaints and surgical complications (2006) Qual Saf Health Care, 15 (1), pp. 13-16. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2005.013847, doi: 16456204; Duckett, K., Behind the mask: New challenges to gaining patient trust (2020) Home Healthc Now, 38 (6), pp. 327-330. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/NHH.0000000000000940, doi: 33165103 IS - 4 J2 - JAMA Surg. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Kapadia, M.R.; Department of Surgery, 100 Manning Dr, Ste 4038, United States; email: muneera_kapadia@med.unc.edu PY - 2021 SN - 21686254 (ISSN) SP - 372-378 ST - Effect of Clear vs Standard Covered Masks on Communication with Patients during Surgical Clinic Encounters: A Randomized Clinical Trial T2 - JAMA Surgery TI - Effect of Clear vs Standard Covered Masks on Communication with Patients during Surgical Clinic Encounters: A Randomized Clinical Trial UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102420339&doi=10.1001%2fjamasurg.2021.0836&partnerID=40&md5=3af9ee71ac952f6582d77e3af7cf6180 VL - 156 ID - 38 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally-including some with attention to HIV-none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes. Methods A scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers' Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies. Results We found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women's sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs). Conclusions Sexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate. © 2021 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States School of Public Health, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Psychology, University of Friborg, Fribourg, Switzerland Department of Sociology, Centre for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, Gauteng, South Africa Public Health Education, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States School of Social Justice, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom AU - Kumar, N. AU - Janmohamed, K. AU - Nyhan, K. AU - Forastiere, L. AU - Zhang, W. H. AU - Kagesten, A. AU - Uhlich, M. AU - Frimpong, A. S. AU - Van De Velde, S. AU - Francis, J. M. AU - Erausquin, J. T. AU - Larrson, E. AU - Callander, D. AU - Scott, J. AU - Minichiello, V. AU - Tucker, J. C7 - 054896 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054896 J2 - Sex. Transm. Infect. LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: STINF Correspondence Address: Kumar, N.; Department of Sociology, United States; email: navin183@gmail.com References: Stephenson, J., Covid-19 outbreaks among food production workers may intensifypandemic's disproportionate effects on people of color (2020) JAMA Health Forum, 1, p. e200783; Tai, D.B.G., Shah, A., Doubeni, C.A., The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on racialand ethnic minorities in the United States (2020) Clin Infect Dis, p. 815; Burki, T., The indirect impact of COVID-19 on women (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20, pp. 904-905; Phillips Ii, G., Felt, D., Ruprecht, M.M., Addressing the UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103514067&doi=10.1136%2fsextrans-2020-054896&partnerID=40&md5=44bc7d2d1fd380028db00e32554c2774 PY - 2021 SN - 13684973 (ISSN) ST - Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: A scoping review T2 - Sexually Transmitted Infections TI - Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: A scoping review ID - 152 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Global responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health inequities that disproportionately affect the sexual health and well-being of many populations, including people of color, ethnic minority groups, women, and sexual and gender minority populations. Although there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and health disparities across various populations, none has focused on sexual health. We plan to conduct a scoping review that seeks to fill several of the gaps in the current knowledge of sexual health in the COVID-19 era. Methods: A scoping review focusing on sexual health and COVID-19 will be conducted. We will search (from January 2020 onwards) CINAHL, Africa-Wide Information, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, Gender Studies Database, Gender Watch, Global Health, WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease Database, WHO Global Index Medicus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Sociological Abstracts. Grey literature will be identified using Disaster Lit, Google Scholar, governmental websites, and clinical trials registries (e.g., ClinicalTrial.gov, World Health Organization, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry). Study selection will conform to the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. Only English language, original studies will be considered for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. A narrative summary of findings will be conducted. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., content and thematic analysis) methods. Discussion: Original research is urgently needed to mitigate the risks of COVID-19 on sexual health. The planned scoping review will help to address this gap. Systematic review registrations: Systematic Review Registration: Open Science Framework osf/io/PRX8E. © 2021, The Author(s). AD - Human Nature Lab, Department of Sociology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States Yale College, New Haven, CT, United States Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520-8014, United States Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium School of Public Health, Universit́e Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Psychology, Universit́e de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Department of Sociology, Centre for Population, Family and Health, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2-4, Antwerp, 2000, Belgium Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Public Health Education, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia School of Social Justice, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Project-China, No. 2 Lujing Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom AU - Kumar, N. AU - Janmohamed, K. AU - Nyhan, K. AU - Forastiere, L. AU - Zhang, W. H. AU - Kågesten, A. AU - Uhlich, M. AU - Van de Velde, S. M. AU - Francis, J. M. AU - Erausquin, J. T. AU - Larsson, E. C. AU - Callander, D. AU - Scott, J. AU - Minichiello, V. AU - Tucker, J. D. C2 - 33485393 C7 - 37 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1186/s13643-021-01591-y IS - 1 J2 - Syst. Rev. KW - COVID-19 LGBT Sexual health Sexual minority Women Africa Article clinical trial registry coronavirus disease 2019 data analysis demography disaster Embase English (language) female grey literature health care policy health disparity human Medline meta analysis narrative pandemic partner violence PsycINFO public health publication quality control quantitative analysis randomized controlled trial (topic) reproductive health scientific literature sexual and gender minority socioeconomics standard systematic review thematic analysis Web of Science World Health Organization Zika virus enzymology ethnic group global health male minority group psychology Ethnic Groups Humans Minority Groups Pandemics Sexual and Gender Minorities LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Kumar, N.; Human Nature Lab, United States; email: navin.kumar@yale.edu Funding details: Yale University Funding text 1: The study was funded by the Fund for Lesbian and Gay Studies, Yale University. The funding body had no role in the design, analysis, or interpretation of the data in the study. References: Kirby, T., Evidence mounts on the disproportionate effect of COVID-19 on ethnic minorities (2020) The Lancet Respiratory Medicine., 8 (6), pp. 547-548. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXptVCjtLc%3D; Pareek, M., Bangash, M.N., Pareek, N., Pan, D., Sze, S., Minhas, J.S., Ethnicity and COVID-19: an urgent public health research priority (2020) The Lancet., 395 (10234), pp. 1421-1422. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXnslektrw%3D; Phillips Ii, G., Felt, D., Ruprecht, M.M., Wang, X., Xu, J., Ṕerez-Bill, E., Addressing the disproportionate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual and gender minority populations in the united states: actions toward equity (2020) LGBT health., 7 (6), pp. 279-282; (2017) Sexual health and its linkages to reproductive health: an operational approach; Fischer, S., Royer, H., White, C., The impacts of reduced access to abortion and family planning services on abortions, births, and contraceptive purchases (2018) Journal of Public Economics., 167, pp. 43-68; Sochas, L., Channon, A.A., Nam, S., Counting indirect crisis-related deaths in the context of a low-resilience health system: the case of maternal and neonatal health during the Ebola epidemic in Sierra Leone (2017) Health policy and planning, 32, pp. iii32-iii39; Nanda, K., Lebetkin, E., Steiner, M.J., Yacobson, I., Dorflinger, L.J., (2020) Contraception in the era of COVID-19. Global Health: Science and Practice; Howard, S., Covid-19: Health needs of sex workers are being sidelined, warn agencies (2020) British Medical Journal Publishing Group; Gonzales, G., Henning-Smith, C., The Affordable Care Act and health insurance coverage for lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults: analysis of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2017) LGBT health., 4 (1), pp. 62-67; Bishop, A., (2000) Vulnerability amplified: the Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on LGBTIQ people; Borges do Nascimento, I.J., Cacic, N., Abdulazeem, H.M., von Groote, T.C., Jayarajah, U., Weerasekara, I., Novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in humans: a scoping review and meta-analysis (2020) J Clin Med, 9 (4), p. 941; Elshafeey, F., Magdi, R., Hindi, N., Elshebiny, M., Farrag, N., Mahdy, S., A systematic scoping review of COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth (2020) International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics., 150 (1), pp. 47-52. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFymurnP; (2010) Developing Sexual Health Programmes: A Framework for Action. World Health Organization; Arksey, H., O’Malley, L., Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework (2005) International Journal of Social Research Methodology., 8 (1), pp. 19-32; Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement (2015) Systematic reviews., 4 (1), p. 1; Tricco, A.C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O’Brien, K.K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation (2018) Annals of internal medicine., 169 (7), pp. 467-473; (2015) Joanna Briggs institute reviewers’ manual 2015—methodology for JBI scoping reviews. Adelaide; Lefebvre, C., Duffy, S., (2018) Peer reviewing search strategies. HTAi vortal; Analytics, C., (2017) Endnote X8 for windows, , Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia, PA; Nussbaumer-Streit, B., Klerings, I., Dobrescu, A., Persad, E., Stevens, A., Garritty, C., Excluding non-English publications from evidence-syntheses did not change conclusions: a meta-epidemiological study (2020) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology., 118, pp. 42-54. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BB3Mjmt1ymsQ%3D%3D; Morrison, A., Polisena, J., Husereau, D., Moulton, K., Clark, M., Fiander, M., The effect of English-language restriction on systematic review-based meta-analyses: a systematic review of empirical studies (2012) International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 28 (2), p. 138; Scherer, R.W., Saldanha, I.J., How should systematic reviewers handle conference abstracts? A view from the trenches (2019) Systematic Reviews., 8 (1), p. 264; Turner, R.M., Bird, S.M., Higgins, J.P., The impact of study size on meta-analyses: examination of underpowered studies in Cochrane reviews (2013) PLoS One., 8 (3). , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXlvVOqurw%3D; Innovation, V.H., (2017) Covidence systematic review software. Melbourne, Australia; Silagy, C.A., Middleton, P., Hopewell, S., Publishing protocols of systematic reviews: comparing what was done to what was planned (2002) JAMA., 287 (21), pp. 2831-2834; Paul, E., Brown, G.W., Ridde, V., COVID-19: time for paradigm shift in the nexus between local, national and global health (2020) BMJ Global Health., 5 (4); Miake-Lye, I.M., Hempel, S., Shanman, R., Shekelle, P.G., What is an evidence map? A systematic review of published evidence maps and their definitions, methods, and products (2016) Systematic Reviews., 5 (1), p. 28; Boström, A.M., Slaughter, S.E., Chojecki, D., Estabrooks, C.A., What do we know about knowledge translation in the care of older adults? A scoping review (2012) Journal of the American Medical Directors Association., 13 (3), pp. 210-219 PY - 2021 SN - 20464053 (ISSN) ST - Sexual health and COVID-19: protocol for a scoping review T2 - Systematic Reviews TI - Sexual health and COVID-19: protocol for a scoping review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099845291&doi=10.1186%2fs13643-021-01591-y&partnerID=40&md5=b1a9278a97e7ae3ee4cee6f9c60da792 VL - 10 ID - 10 ER - TY - JOUR AB - COVID-19, the disease caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2, requires urgent development of therapeutic interventions. Due to their safety, specificity, and potential for rapid advancement into the clinic, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a highly promising class of antiviral or anti-inflammatory agents. Herein, by analyzing prior efforts to advance antiviral mAbs for other acute respiratory infections (ARIs), we highlight the challenges faced by mAb-based immunotherapies for COVID-19. We present evidence supporting early intervention immediately following a positive diagnosis via inhaled delivery of mAbs with vibrating mesh nebulizers as a promising approach for the treatment of COVID-19. © 2020 Elsevier B.V. AD - Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Department of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States Inhalon Biopharma, Research Triangle ParkNC 27707, United States Marsico Lung Institute, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Lai, S. K. AU - McSweeney, M. D. AU - Pickles, R. J. C2 - 33276017 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.057 J2 - J. Control. Release KW - Antiviral agents Diagnosis Diseases Anti-inflammatory agents Early intervention Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) Therapeutic intervention Monoclonal antibodies antivirus agent monoclonal antibody neutralizing antibody virus antibody Article coronavirus disease 2019 human immunotherapy infection prevention inhalation nonhuman pathophysiology priority journal respiratory tract infection systemic therapy drug effect drug therapy immunology inhalational drug administration intravenous drug administration nebulizer procedures secondary prevention treatment outcome Administration, Inhalation Antibodies, Monoclonal Antibodies, Neutralizing Antibodies, Viral COVID-19 Humans Injections, Intravenous Nebulizers and Vaporizers SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JCREE Correspondence Address: Lai, S.K.125 Mason Farm Road, 4213 Marsico Hall, United States; email: lai@unc.edu Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Antiviral Agents Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF, DMS- 2028758 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, R43AI149894-01A1, R43AI155185, R44AI138728, R44AI141054, UL1TR002489 Funding details: David and Lucile Packard Foundation, DLPF, 2013-39274 Funding details: National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NCATS Funding text 1: We thank Dr. Thomas Moench, Ph.D. for his feedback on the manuscript. This work was financially supported by the Eshelman Institute of Innovation (S.K.L.); North Carolina Policy Collaboratory (S.K.L.); The David and Lucile Packard Foundation ( 2013-39274 ; S.K.L); National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences ( NCATS ), National Institutes of Health , through Grant Award Number UL1TR002489 ; National Institutes of Health under grants R43AI155185 (M.M.), R44AI138728 (M.M.), R44AI141054 (M.M.), and R43AI149894-01A1 (S.K.L, M.M. and RP); and National Science Foundation (DMS- 2028758 ; S.K.L.). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH or other funders. References: Gérard, A., Woolfe, A., Mottet, G., Reichen, M., Castrillon, C., Menrath, V., Ellouze, S., Brenan, C., High-throughput single-cell activity-based screening and sequencing of antibodies using droplet microfluidics (2020) Nat. Biotechnol., 38 (6), pp. 715-721. , Epub 2020/04/02 PubMed PMID: 32231335; Seah, Y.F.S., Hu, H., Merten, C.A., Microfluidic single-cell technology in immunology and antibody screening (2018) Mol. Asp. Med., 59, pp. 47-61; Shembekar, N., Hu, H., Eustace, D., Merten, C.A., Single-cell droplet microfluidic screening for antibodies specifically binding to target cells (2018) Cell Rep., 22 (8), pp. 2206-2215. , Epub 2018/02/22 PubMed PMID: 29466744; PMCID: PMC5842027; Chakraborti, S., Prabakaran, P., Xiao, X., Dimitrov, D.S., The SARS coronavirus S glycoprotein receptor binding domain: fine mapping and functional characterization (2005) Virol. J., 2, p. 73. , Epub 2005/08/27 PubMed PMID: 16122388; PMCID: PMC1236967; Coughlin, M.M., Prabhakar, B.S., Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus: target, mechanism of action, and therapeutic potential (2012) Rev. Med. Virol., 22 (1), pp. 2-17. , Epub 09/08. PubMed PMID: 21905149; (2020) Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Suptavumab (REGN2222) for the Prevention of Medically Attended RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) Infection in Preterm Infants, , Accessed 2020.06.18; Tharakaraman, K., Subramanian, V., Cain, D., Sasisekharan, V., Sasisekharan, R., Broadly neutralizing influenza hemagglutinin stem-specific antibody CR8020 targets residues that are prone to escape due to host selection pressure (2014) Cell Host Microbe, 15 (5), pp. 644-651. , 24832457; Tharakaraman, K., Subramanian, V., Cain, D., Sasisekharan, V., Sasisekharan, R., Broadly neutralizing influenza hemagglutinin stem-specific antibody CR8020 targets residues that are prone to escape due to host selection pressure (2014) Cell Host Microbe, 15 (5), pp. 644-651. , Epub 2014/05/17 PubMed PMID: 24832457; PMCID: PMC4258880; Pelletier, J.P.R., Mukhtar, F., Passive monoclonal and polyclonal antibody therapies (2020) Immunol. Concep. Transf. Med., pp. 251-348. , Epub 11/22 PubMed PMID: PMC7153350; Wu, H., Pfarr, D.S., Johnson, S., Brewah, Y.A., Woods, R.M., Patel, N.K., White, W.I., Kiener, P.A., Development of motavizumab, an ultra-potent antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract (2007) Journal of molecular biology., 368 (3), pp. 652-765. , 17362988 Epub 2007/03/17; Feltes, T.F., Sondheimer, H.M., Tulloh, R.M., Harris, B.S., Jensen, K.M., Losonsky, G.A., Griffin, M.P., A randomized controlled trial of motavizumab versus palivizumab for the prophylaxis of serious respiratory syncytial virus disease in children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (2011) Pediatr. Res., 70 (2), pp. 186-191. , Epub 2011/04/28 PubMed PMID: 21522037; Alansari, K., Toaimah, F.H., Almatar, D.H., El Tatawy, L.A., Davidson, B.L., Qusad, M.I.M., Monoclonal antibody treatment of RSV bronchiolitis in young infants: a randomized trial (2019) Pediatrics, 143 (3). , Epub 2019/02/15. PubMed PMID: 30760509; Hu, J., Robinson, J.L., Treatment of respiratory syncytial virus with palivizumab: a systematic review (2010) World J. Pediat.: WJP., 6 (4), pp. 296-300. , Epub 2010/11/17 PubMed PMID: 21080142; Ramilo, O., Lagos, R., Sáez-Llorens, X., Suzich, J., Wang, C.K., Jensen, K.M., Harris, B.S., Griffin, M.P., Motavizumab treatment of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection does not decrease viral load or severity of illness (2014) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 33 (7), pp. 703-709. , Epub 2013/12/21 PubMed PMID: 24356256; Sanders, S.L., Agwan, S., Hassan, M., van Driel, M.L., Del Mar, C.B., Immunoglobulin treatment for hospitalised infants and young children with respiratory syncytial virus infection (2019) Cochrane Datab. Syst. Rev., 8 (8), p. Cd009417. , Epub 2019/08/26 PubMed PMID: 31446622; PMCID: PMC6708604 Mieke L van Driel: none known Chris B Del Mar: none known; (2016) A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of MEDI8897 for the Prevention of Medically Attended RSV LRTI in Healthy Preterm Infants. (MEDI8897 Ph2b). NCT02878330; Carbonell-Estrany, X., Simões, E.A.F., Dagan, R., Hall, C.B., Harris, B., Hultquist, M., Connor, E.M., Losonsky, G.A., Motavizumab for prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus in high-risk children: a noninferiority trial (2010) Pediatrics, 125 (1); Zhu, Q., Lu, B., McTamney, P., Palaszynski, S., Diallo, S., Ren, K., Ulbrandt, N.D., Suzich, J.A., Prevalence and significance of substitutions in the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus resulting in neutralization escape from antibody MEDI8897 (2018) J. Infect. Dis., 218 (4), pp. 572-580. , Epub 2018/04/05 PubMed PMID: 29617879; Zhu, Q., McLellan, J.S., Kallewaard, N.L., Ulbrandt, N.D., Palaszynski, S., Zhang, J., Moldt, B., Suzich, J.A., A highly potent extended half-life antibody as a potential RSV vaccine surrogate for all infants (2017) Sci. Transl. Med., 9 (388), p. eaaj1928; Oswald, W.B., Geisbert, T.W., Davis, K.J., Geisbert, J.B., Sullivan, N.J., Jahrling, P.B., Parren, P.W., Burton, D.R., Neutralizing antibody fails to impact the course of Ebola virus infection in monkeys (2007) PLoS Pathog., 3 (1), p. e9. , Epub 2007/01/24 PubMed PMID: 17238286; PMCID: PMC1779296; Sivapalasingam, S., Kamal, M., Slim, R., Hosain, R., Shao, W., Stoltz, R., Yen, J., Lipsich, L., Safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of a co-formulated cocktail of three human monoclonal antibodies targeting Ebola virus glycoprotein in healthy adults: a randomised, first-in-human phase 1 study (2018) The Lancet Infectious diseases., 18 (8), pp. 884-893. , 29929783 Epub 2018/06/23; Gaudinski, M.R., Coates, E.E., Novik, L., Widge, A., Houser, K.V., Burch, E., Holman, L.A., Ledgerwood, J.E., Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody mAb114 targeting Ebola virus glycoprotein (VRC 608): an open-label phase 1 study (2019) Lancet (London, England), 393 (10174), pp. 889-898. , Epub 2019/01/29 PubMed PMID: 30686586; PMCID: PMC6436835; Sabue, M., Dodd, L.E., Davey, R.T., Jr., Tshiani Mbaya, O., Proschan, M., Mukadi, D., Lusakibanza Manzo, M., the, P.W.G., A randomized, controlled trial of ebola virus disease therapeutics (2019) N. Engl. J. Med., 381 (24), pp. 2293-2303. , PubMed PMID: 2324951277; Pascal, K.E., Dudgeon, D., Trefry, J.C., Anantpadma, M., Sakurai, Y., Murin, C.D., Turner, H.L., Kyratsous, C.A., Development of clinical-stage human monoclonal antibodies that treat advanced ebola virus disease in nonhuman primates (2018) J. Infect. Dis., 218, pp. S612-S626. , PubMed PMID: 29860496; Corti, D., Misasi, J., Mulangu, S., Stanley, D.A., Kanekiyo, M., Wollen, S., Ploquin, A., Sullivan, N.J., Protective monotherapy against lethal Ebola virus infection by a potently neutralizing antibody (2016) Science (New York, N.Y.), 351 (6279), pp. 1339-1342. , Epub 2016/02/27 PubMed PMID: 26917593; Chen, P., Nirula, A., Heller, B., Gottlieb, R.L., Boscia, J., Morris, J., Huhn, G., Skovronsky, D.M., SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody LY-CoV555 in outpatients with Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med.; Regeneron, REGN-COV2 Antibody Cocktail Press Release (2020), https://investorregeneroncom/news-releases/news-release-details/regenerons-covid-19-outpatient-trial-prospectively-demonstrates; Yamaya, M., Finkbeiner, W.E., Chun, S.Y., Widdicombe, J.H., Differentiated structure and function of cultures from human tracheal epithelium (1992) Am. J. Phys., 262 (6), pp. L713-L724. , Epub 1992/06/01 PubMed PMID: 1616056; Whitcutt, M.J., Adler, K.B., Wu, R., A biphasic chamber system for maintaining polarity of differentiation of cultured respiratory tract epithelial cells (1988) In vitro Cell. Develop. Biol.: J. Tissue Cult. Assoc., 24 (5), pp. 420-428. , Epub 1988/05/01 PubMed PMID: 3372447; Pickles, R.J., Human airway epithelial cell cultures for modeling respiratory syncytial virus infection (2013) Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 372, pp. 371-387. , PubMed PMID: 24362700; Momose, F., Sekimoto, T., Ohkura, T., Jo, S., Kawaguchi, A., Nagata, K., Morikawa, Y., Apical transport of influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein requires Rab11-positive recycling endosome (2011) PLoS One, 6 (6). , e21123-e. Epub 06/22. PubMed PMID: 21731653; Thompson, C.I., Barclay, W.S., Zambon, M.C., Pickles, R.J., Infection of human airway epithelium by human and avian strains of influenza a virus (2006) J. Virol., 80 (16), pp. 8060-8068. , Epub 2006/07/29 PubMed PMID: 16873262; PMCID: PMC1563802; Rodriguez Boulan, E., Sabatini, D.D., Asymmetric budding of viruses in epithelial monlayers: a model system for study of epithelial polarity (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 75 (10), pp. 5071-5075. , PubMed PMID: 283416; Roberts, S.R., Compans, R.W., Wertz, G.W., Respiratory syncytial virus matures at the apical surfaces of polarized epithelial cells (1995) J. Virol., 69 (4), pp. 2667-2673. , Epub 1995/04/01. PubMed PMID: 7884920; PMCID: 188952; Brock, S.C., Goldenring, J.R., Crowe, J.E., Jr., Apical recycling systems regulate directional budding of respiratory syncytial virus from polarized epithelial cells (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 100 (25), pp. 15143-15148. , Epub 2003/11/25 PubMed PMID: 14630951; PMCID: 299925; Mellow, T.E., Murphy, P.C., Carson, J.L., Noah, T.L., Zhang, L., Pickles, R.J., The effect of respiratory synctial virus on chemokine release by differentiated airway epithelium (2004) Exp. Lung Res., 30 (1), pp. 43-57. , Epub 2004/02/18 PubMed PMID: 14967603; Zhang, L., Peeples, M.E., Boucher, R.C., Collins, P.L., Pickles, R.J., Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human airway epithelial cells is polarized, specific to ciliated cells, and without obvious cytopathology (2002) J. Virol., 76 (11), pp. 5654-5666. , Epub 2002/05/07 PubMed PMID: 11991994; PMCID: PMC137037; Wright, P.F., Ikizler, M.R., Gonzales, R.A., Carroll, K.N., Johnson, J.E., Werkhaven, J.A., Growth of respiratory syncytial virus in primary epithelial cells from the human respiratory tract (2005) J. Virol., 79 (13), p. 8651; Zhang, L., Bukreyev, A., Thompson, C.I., Watson, B., Peeples, M.E., Collins, P.L., Pickles, R.J., Infection of ciliated cells by human parainfluenza virus type 3 in an in vitro model of human airway epithelium (2005) J. Virol., 79 (2), pp. 1113-1124. , Epub 2004/12/23 PubMed PMID: 15613339; PMCID: 538579; Pyrc, K., Sims, A.C., Dijkman, R., Jebbink, M., Long, C., Deming, D., Donaldson, E., Pickles, R., Culturing the Unculturable: human coronavirus HKU1 infects, replicates, and produces progeny Virions in human ciliated airway epithelial cell cultures (2010) J. Virol., 84 (21), p. 11255; Sims, A.C., Baric, R.S., Yount, B., Burkett, S.E., Collins, P.L., Pickles, R.J., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection of human ciliated airway epithelia: role of ciliated cells in viral spread in the conducting airways of the lungs (2005) J. Virol., 79 (24), pp. 15511-15524. , 16306622; Stramer, S.L., Collins, C., Nugent, T., Wang, X., Fuschino, M., Heitman, J.W., Law, J., Norris, P.J., Sensitive detection assays for influenza RNA do not reveal viremia in US blood donors (2012) J. Infect. Dis., 205 (6), pp. 886-894. , Epub 2012/02/02 PubMed PMID: 22293429; PMCID: PMC3282565; Domachowske, J.B., Rosenberg, H.F., Respiratory syncytial virus infection: immune response, immunopathogenesis, and treatment (1999) Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 12 (2), pp. 298-309. , PubMed PMID: 10194461; Schuster, J.E., Williams, J.V., Human metapneumovirus (2013) Pediatr. Rev., 34 (12), pp. 558-565. , PubMed PMID: 24295817; Zhang, B., Zhou, X., Zhu, C., Feng, F., Qiu, Y., Feng, J., Jia, Q., Wang, J., Immune phenotyping based on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and IgG predicts disease severity and outcome for patients with COVID-19 (2020) medRxiv; Mason, R.J., Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective (2020) Eur. Respir. J., 55 (4), p. 2000607. , PubMed PMID: 32269085; Milewska, A., Kula-Pacurar, A., Wadas, J., Suder, A., Szczepanski, A., Dabrowska, A., Owczarek, K., Pyrc, K., Replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory epithelium (2020) bioRxiv; Chen, X., Zhao, B., Qu, Y., Chen, Y., Xiong, J., Feng, Y., Men, D., Li, F., Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis., p. ciaa449. , PubMed PMID: 32301997; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Peng, Z., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323 (11), pp. 1061-1069. , Epub 2020/02/08 PubMed PMID: 32031570; PMCID: PMC7042881; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Cao, B., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet (London, England), 395 (10229), pp. 1054-1062. , Epub 03/11 PubMed PMID: 32171076; Keizer, R.J., Huitema, A.D., Schellens, J.H., Beijnen, J.H., Clinical pharmacokinetics of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (2010) Clin. Pharmacokinet., 49 (8), pp. 493-507. , Epub 2010/07/09 PubMed PMID: 20608753; Ryman, J.T., Meibohm, B., Pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies (2017) CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol., 6 (9), pp. 576-588. , Epub 07/29 PubMed PMID: 28653357; Brown, W.R., Isobe, Y., Nakane, P.K., Studies on translocation of immunoglobulins across intestinal epithelium. II. Immunoelectron-microscopic localization of immunoglobulins and secretory component in human intestinal mucosa (1976) Gastroenterology., 71 (6), pp. 985-995. , Epub 1976/12/01. PubMed PMID: 992282; Cerutti, A., Chen, K., Chorny, A., Immunoglobulin responses at the mucosal interface (2011) Annu. Rev. Immunol., 29, pp. 273-293. , PubMed PMID: 21219173; Hart, T.K., Cook, R.M., Zia-Amirhosseini, P., Minthorn, E., Sellers, T.S., Maleeff, B.E., Eustis, S., Herzyk, D.J., Preclinical efficacy and safety of mepolizumab (SB-240563), a humanized monoclonal antibody to IL-5, in cynomolgus monkeys (2001) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 108 (2), pp. 250-257. , Epub 2001/08/10 PubMed PMID: 11496242; Dall'Acqua, W.F., Kiener, P.A., Wu, H., Properties of human IgG1s engineered for enhanced binding to the neonatal fc receptor (FcRn) (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281 (33), pp. 23514-23524. , Epub 2006/06/24 PubMed PMID: 16793771; McBride, J.M., Lim, J.J., Burgess, T., Deng, R., Derby, M.A., Maia, M., Horn, P., Tavel, J.A., Phase 2 randomized trial of the safety and efficacy of MHAA4549A, a broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibody, in a human influenza A virus challenge model (2017) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 61 (11). , PubMed PMID: 28807912; Leyva-Grado, V.H., Tan, G.S., Leon, P.E., Yondola, M., Palese, P., Direct Administration in the Respiratory Tract Improves Efficacy of broadly neutralizing anti-influenza virus monoclonal antibodies (2015) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 59 (7), p. 4162; Prince, G.A., Hemming, V.G., Horswood, R.L., Baron, P.A., Chanock, R.M., Effectiveness of topically administered neutralizing antibodies in experimental immunotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats (1987) J. Virol., 61 (6), pp. 1851-1854. , Epub 1987/06/01. PubMed PMID: 3553614; PMCID: 254189; He, G., Massarella, J., Ward, P., Clinical pharmacokinetics of the prodrug oseltamivir and its active metabolite Ro 64-0802 (1999) Clin. Pharmacokinet., 37 (6), pp. 471-484. , Epub 2000/01/11 PubMed PMID: 10628898; Newby, J., Schiller, J.L., Wessler, T., Edelstein, J., Forest, M.G., Lai, S.K., A blueprint for robust crosslinking of mobile species in biogels with weakly adhesive molecular anchors (2017) Nat. Commun., 8 (1), p. 833; Wang, Y.Y., Kannan, A., Nunn, K.L., Murphy, M.A., Subramani, D.B., Moench, T., Cone, R., Lai, S.K., IgG in cervicovaginal mucus traps HSV and prevents vaginal herpes infections (2014) Mucosal Immunol., 7 (5), pp. 1036-1044. , Epub 02/05 PubMed PMID: 24496316; Schroeder, H.A., Nunn, K.L., Schaefer, A., Henry, C.E., Lam, F., Pauly, M.H., Whaley, K.J., Lai, S.K., Herpes simplex virus-binding IgG traps HSV in human cervicovaginal mucus across the menstrual cycle and diverse vaginal microbial composition (2018) Mucosal Immunol., 11 (5), pp. 1477-1486; Wang, Y.-Y., Harit, D., Subramani, D.B., Arora, H., Kumar, P.A., Lai, S.K., Influenza-binding antibodies immobilise influenza viruses in fresh human airway mucus (2017) Eur. Respir. J., 49 (1), p. 1601709. , PubMed PMID: 28122865; Yang, B., Schaefer, A., Wang, Y.Y., McCallen, J., Lee, P., Newby, J.M., Arora, H., Lai, S.K., ZMapp reinforces the airway mucosal barrier against Ebola Virus (2018) J. Infect. Dis., 218 (6), pp. 901-910. , Epub 2018/04/25 PubMed PMID: 29688496; PMCID: PMC6093450; Tamura, S., Funato, H., Hirabayashi, Y., Suzuki, Y., Nagamine, T., Aizawa, C., Kurata, T., Cross-protection against influenza a virus infection by passively transferred respiratory tract IgA antibodies to different hemagglutinin molecules (1991) Eur. J. Immunol., 21 (6), pp. 1337-1344. , Epub 1991/06/01 PubMed PMID: 1646112; Weltzin, R., Traina-Dorge, V., Soike, K., Zhang, J.Y., Mack, P., Soman, G., Drabik, G., Monath, T.P., Intranasal monoclonal IgA antibody to respiratory syncytial virus protects rhesus monkeys against upper and lower respiratory tract infection (1996) J. Infect. Dis., 174 (2), pp. 256-261. , Epub 1996/08/01 PubMed PMID: 8699052; Respaud, R., Marchand, D., Parent, C., Pelat, T., Thullier, P., Tournamille, J.F., Viaud-Massuard, M.C., Heuze-Vourc'h, N., Effect of formulation on the stability and aerosol performance of a nebulized antibody (2014) mAbs, 6 (5), pp. 1347-1355. , Epub 2014/12/18 PubMed PMID: 25517319; PMCID: 4623101; Cortez-Jugo, C., Qi, A., Rajapaksa, A., Friend, J.R., Yeo, L.Y., Pulmonary monoclonal antibody delivery via a portable microfluidic nebulization platform (2015) Biomicrofluidics, 9 (5), p. 052603. , Epub 2015/05/07 PubMed PMID: 25945147; PMCID: 4393410; Hertel, S.P., Winter, G., Friess, W., Protein stability in pulmonary drug delivery via nebulization (2015) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 93, pp. 79-94. , Epub 2014/10/15 PubMed PMID: 25312674; Maillet, A., Congy-Jolivet, N., Le Guellec, S., Vecellio, L., Hamard, S., Courty, Y., Courtois, A., Heuze-Vourc'h, N., Aerodynamical, immunological and pharmacological properties of the anticancer antibody cetuximab following nebulization (2008) Pharm. Res., 25 (6), pp. 1318-1326. , Epub 2007/11/22 PubMed PMID: 18030605; Byron, P.R., Patton, J.S., Drug delivery via the respiratory tract (1994) J. Aerosol Med. Off. J. Intern. Soc. Aerosols Med., 7 (1), pp. 49-75. , Epub 1993/12/09 PubMed PMID: 10147058; Shoyele, S.A., Slowey, A., Prospects of formulating proteins/peptides as aerosols for pulmonary drug delivery (2006) Int. J. Pharm., 314 (1), pp. 1-8. , Epub 2006/03/28 PubMed PMID: 16563674; Herold, T., Jurinovic, V., Arnreich, C., Lipworth, B.J., Hellmuth, J.C., Bergwelt-Baildon, M.V., Klein, M., Weinberger, T., Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 (2020) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., S0091–6749 (20). , 30685–0. PubMed PMID: 32425269; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Peng, Z., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, , Epub 2020/02/08. PubMed PMID: 32031570; PMCID: PMC7042881; Ruan, Q., Yang, K., Wang, W., Jiang, L., Song, J., Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China (2020) Intensive Care Med., pp. 1-3. , PubMed PMID: 32125452; Woelfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Mueller, M.A., Niemeyer, D., Wendtner, C., Clinical presentation and virological assessment of hospitalized cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in a travel-associated transmission cluster (2020) medRxiv; Young, B.E., Ong, S.W.X., Kalimuddin, S., Low, J.G., Tan, S.Y., Loh, J., Ng, O.T., Lye, D.C., Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore (2020) JAMA, , Epub 2020/03/04. PubMed PMID: 32125362; PMCID: PMC7054855; Yu, X., Sun, S., Shi, Y., Wang, H., Zhao, R., Sheng, J., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in sputum correlates with risk of COVID-19 progression (2020) Crit. Care, 24 (1), p. 170; Li, L., Zhang, W., Hu, Y., Tong, X., Zheng, S., Yang, J., Kong, Y., Liu, Z., Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on time to clinical improvement in patients with severe and life-threatening COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial (2020) Jama.; Hosseiny, M., Kooraki, S., Gholamrezanezhad, A., Reddy, S., Myers, L., Radiology Perspective of Coronavirus Disease, (COVID-19): lessons from severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome (2019) Am. J. Roentgenol., 2020, pp. 1-5; Zuo, W., Zhao, X., Chen, Y.-G., SARS coronavirus and lung fibrosis (2010) Molecular Biology of the SARS-Coronavirus, pp. 247-258. , Lal SK Springer Berlin Heidelberg Berlin, Heidelberg; Spagnolo, P., Balestro, E., Aliberti, S., Cocconcelli, E., Biondini, D., Casa, G.D., Sverzellati, N., Maher, T.M., Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms? (2020) Lancet Respir. Med., S2213–600 (20). , 30222–8. PubMed PMID: 32422177; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Cao, B., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet (London, England)., 395 (10229), pp. 1054-1062. , Epub 2020/03/15 PubMed PMID: 32171076; PMCID: PMC7270627; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Wang, B., Peng, Z., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323 (11), pp. 1061-1069. , PubMed PMID: 32031570; Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Ja, X., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Shang, Y., Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study (2020) Lancet Respir. Med., 8 (5), pp. 475-481. , Epub 02/24 PubMed PMID: 32105632; (2013) Composition Comprising at Least Two Influenza a Virus-Neutralizing-Binding Molecules. US20160052997A1; Ekiert, D.C., Bhabha, G., Elsliger, M.A., Friesen, R.H., Jongeneelen, M., Throsby, M., Goudsmit, J., Wilson, I.A., Antibody recognition of a highly conserved influenza virus epitope (2009) Science (New York, N.Y.), 324 (5924), pp. 246-251. , Epub 2009/03/03 PubMed PMID: 19251591; PMCID: PMC2758658; Throsby, M., van den Brink, E., Jongeneelen, M., Poon, L.L.M., Alard, P., Cornelissen, L., Bakker, A., Goudsmit, J., Heterosubtypic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies cross-protective against H5N1 and H1N1 recovered from human IgM+ memory B cells (2008) PLoS One, 3 (12). , e3942-e. Epub 12/16. PubMed PMID: 19079604; Ali, S.O., Takas, T., Nyborg, A., Shoemaker, K., Kallewaard, N.L., Chiong, R., Dubovsky, F., Mallory, R.M., Evaluation of MEDI8852, an anti-influenza a monoclonal antibody, in treating acute uncomplicated influenza (2018) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 62 (11), pp. e00694-e00718; Kallewaard, N.L., Corti, D., Collins, P.J., Neu, U., JM, M., Benjamin, E., Wachter-Rosati, L., Skehel, J.J., Structure and Function analysis of an antibody recognizing all influenza A subtypes (2016) Cell, 166 (3), pp. 596-608. , Epub 2016/07/28 PubMed PMID: 27453466; PMCID: PMC4967455; Nakamura, G., Chai, N., Park, S., Chiang, N., Lin, Z., Chiu, H., Fong, R., Swem, L.R., An in vivo human-plasmablast enrichment technique allows rapid identification of therapeutic influenza a antibodies (2013) Cell Host Microbe, 14 (1), pp. 93-103. , Epub 2013/07/23 PubMed PMID: 23870317; Wu, H., Pfarr, D.S., Johnson, S., Brewah, Y.A., Woods, R.M., Patel, N.K., White, W.I., Kiener, P.A., Development of Motavizumab, an ultra-potent antibody for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection in the upper and lower respiratory tract (2007) J. Mol. Biol., 368 (3), pp. 652-665; Simoes, E., Forleo-Neto, E., Geba, G., A phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Suptavumab, for the prevention of medically attended RSV infection in preterm infants (2018), RSV Symposium Asheville, USA; Wegzyn, C., Toh, L.K., Notario, G., Biguenet, S., Unnebrink, K., Park, C., Makari, D., Norton, M., Safety and effectiveness of Palivizumab in children at high risk of serious disease due to respiratory syncytial virus infection: a systematic review (2014) Infect. Dis. Ther., 3 (2), pp. 133-158. , Epub 2014/10/09 PubMed PMID: 25297809; Tang, A., Chen, Z., Cox, K.S., Su, H.P., Callahan, C., Fridman, A., Zhang, L., Vora, K.A., A potent broadly neutralizing human RSV antibody targets conserved site IV of the fusion glycoprotein (2019) Nat. Commun., 10 (1), p. 4153. , Epub 2019/09/14 PubMed PMID: 31515478; PMCID: PMC6742648 J.R., S.S., J.G., D.W., Z.W., G.H., D.D. and K.V. are employees of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA, and may hold stock in Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. D.C. and D.G. are former employees of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA, and may hold stock in Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA. D.C. is an employee of Sanofi Pasteur. D.G. is an employee of Janssen Research and Development; Ramos, E.L., Mitcham, J.L., Koller, T.D., Bonavia, A., Usner, D.W., Balaratnam, G., Fredlund, P., Swiderek, K.M., Efficacy and safety of treatment with an anti-m2e monoclonal antibody in experimental human influenza (2015) J. Infect. Dis., 211 (7), pp. 1038-1044. , Epub 2014/10/05 PubMed PMID: 25281755; Grandea, A.G., 3rd, Olsen, O.A., Cox, T.C., Renshaw, M., Hammond, P.W., Chan-Hui, P.-Y., Mitcham, J.L., Moyle, M., Human antibodies reveal a protective epitope that is highly conserved among human and nonhuman influenza A viruses (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 107 (28), pp. 12658-12663. , Epub 07/01 PubMed PMID: 20615945; Hershberger, E., Sloan, S., Narayan, K., Hay, C.A., Smith, P., Engler, F., Jeeninga, R., Oldach, D., Safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibody VIS410 in adults with uncomplicated influenza A infection: results from a randomized, double-blind, phase-2, placebo-controlled study (2019) EBioMedicine, 40, pp. 574-582. , Epub 2019/01/15 PubMed PMID: 30638863; PMCID: PMC6412085; Baranovich, T., Jones, J.C., Russier, M., Vogel, P., Szretter, K.J., Sloan, S.E., Seiler, P., Govorkova, E.A., The hemagglutinin stem-binding monoclonal antibody VIS410 controls influenza virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (2016) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 60 (4), pp. 2118-2131. , Epub 2016/01/21 PubMed PMID: 26787699; PMCID: PMC4808199 PY - 2021 SN - 01683659 (ISSN) SP - 87-95 ST - Learning from past failures: Challenges with monoclonal antibody therapies for COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Controlled Release TI - Learning from past failures: Challenges with monoclonal antibody therapies for COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097224450&doi=10.1016%2fj.jconrel.2020.11.057&partnerID=40&md5=94f3597db78a7fe9970791b92aa6c3bf VL - 329 ID - 143 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Importance: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the nervous system in adult patients. The spectrum of neurologic involvement in children and adolescents is unclear. Objective: To understand the range and severity of neurologic involvement among children and adolescents associated with COVID-19. Setting, Design, and Participants: Case series of patients (age <21 years) hospitalized between March 15, 2020, and December 15, 2020, with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test result (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and/or antibody) at 61 US hospitals in the Overcoming COVID-19 public health registry, including 616 (36%) meeting criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Patients with neurologic involvement had acute neurologic signs, symptoms, or diseases on presentation or during hospitalization. Life-threatening involvement was adjudicated by experts based on clinical and/or neuroradiologic features. Exposures: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Main Outcomes and Measures: Type and severity of neurologic involvement, laboratory and imaging data, and outcomes (death or survival with new neurologic deficits) at hospital discharge. Results: Of 1695 patients (909 [54%] male; median [interquartile range] age, 9.1 [2.4-15.3] years), 365 (22%) from 52 sites had documented neurologic involvement. Patients with neurologic involvement were more likely to have underlying neurologic disorders (81 of 365 [22%]) compared with those without (113 of 1330 [8%]), but a similar number were previously healthy (195 [53%] vs 723 [54%]) and met criteria for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (126 [35%] vs 490 [37%]). Among those with neurologic involvement, 322 (88%) had transient symptoms and survived, and 43 (12%) developed life-threatening conditions clinically adjudicated to be associated with COVID-19, including severe encephalopathy (n = 15; 5 with splenial lesions), stroke (n = 12), central nervous system infection/demyelination (n = 8), Guillain-Barré syndrome/variants (n = 4), and acute fulminant cerebral edema (n = 4). Compared with those without life-threatening conditions (n = 322), those with life-threatening neurologic conditions had higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (median, 12.2 vs 4.4) and higher reported frequency of D-dimer greater than 3 μg/mL fibrinogen equivalent units (21 [49%] vs 72 [22%]). Of 43 patients who developed COVID-19-related life-threatening neurologic involvement, 17 survivors (40%) had new neurologic deficits at hospital discharge, and 11 patients (26%) died. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, many children and adolescents hospitalized for COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children had neurologic involvement, mostly transient symptoms. A range of life-threatening and fatal neurologic conditions associated with COVID-19 infrequently occurred. Effects on long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes are unknown.. © 2021 Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Children's Health Medical Center Dallas, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, United States Pediatric Critical Care Division, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman, School of Medicine, New York, United States Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, United States Department of Pediatrics, Joseph M. Sanzari Children's Hospital, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, United States Division of Critical Care, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States Pediatric Critical Care Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas, Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States Department of Pediatrics, Penn State Hershey Children's Hospital, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, United States Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, United States Divisions of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Division of Critical Care, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, United States Division of Critical Care, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, United States Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate, Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, United States Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Miller Children's and Women's Hospital of Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, United States Division of Population Health, Quality, and Implementation Sciences (PopQuIS), Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States Pediatric Critical Care, New York City Health and Hospitals, Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, NY, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, Oakland, United States Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Minnesota, Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States AU - Larovere, K. L. AU - Riggs, B. J. AU - Poussaint, T. Y. AU - Young, C. C. AU - Newhams, M. M. AU - Maamari, M. AU - Walker, T. C. AU - Singh, A. R. AU - Dapul, H. AU - Hobbs, C. V. AU - McLaughlin, G. E. AU - Son, M. B. F. AU - Maddux, A. B. AU - Clouser, K. N. AU - Rowan, C. M. AU - McGuire, J. K. AU - Fitzgerald, J. C. AU - Gertz, S. J. AU - Shein, S. L. AU - Munoz, A. C. AU - Thomas, N. J. AU - Irby, K. AU - Levy, E. R. AU - Staat, M. A. AU - Tenforde, M. W. AU - Feldstein, L. R. AU - Halasa, N. B. AU - Giuliano, J. S., Jr. AU - Hall, M. W. AU - Kong, M. AU - Carroll, C. L. AU - Schuster, J. E. AU - Doymaz, S. AU - Loftis, L. L. AU - Tarquinio, K. M. AU - Babbitt, C. J. AU - Nofziger, R. A. AU - Kleinman, L. C. AU - Keenaghan, M. A. AU - Cvijanovich, N. Z. AU - Spinella, P. C. AU - Hume, J. R. AU - Wellnitz, K. AU - Mack, E. H. AU - Michelson, K. N. AU - Flori, H. R. AU - Patel, M. M. AU - Randolph, A. G. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0504 32422545; Ellul, M.A., Benjamin, L., Singh, B., Neurological associations of COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Neurol, 19 (9), pp. 767-783. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30221-0, doi: PMID 32622375; Baig, A.M., Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) CNS Neurosci Ther, 26 (5), pp. 499-501. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cns.13372, doi: PMID 32266761; Paterson, R.W., Brown, R.L., Benjamin, L., The emerging spectrum of COVID-19 neurology: Clinical, radiological and laboratory findings (2020) Brain, 143 (10), pp. 3104-3120. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa240, doi: PMID 32637987; Zubair, A.S., McAlpine, L.S., Gardin, T., Farhadian, S., Kuruvilla, D.E., Spudich, S., Neuropathogenesis and neurologic manifestations of the coronaviruses in the age of coronavirus disease 2019: A review (2020) JAMA Neurol, 77 (8), pp. 1018-1027. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2065, doi: PMID 32469387; Koralnik, I.J., Tyler, K.L., COVID-19: A global threat to the nervous system (2020) Ann Neurol, 88 (1), pp. 1-11. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.25807, doi: PMID 32506549; Aghagoli, G., Gallo Marin, B., Katchur, N.J., Chaves-Sell, F., Asaad, W.F., Murphy, S.A., Neurological involvement in COVID-19 and potential mechanisms: A review (2020) Neurocrit Care, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12028-020-01049-4, doi: PMID 32661794; Favas, T.T., Dev, P., Chaurasia, R.N., Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions (2020) Neurol Sci, 41 (12), pp. 3437-3470. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04801-y, doi: PMID 33089477; Stafstrom, C.E., Jantzie, L.L., COVID-19: Neurological considerations in neonates and children (2020) Children (Basel), 7 (9). , http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7090133, E133. doi: PMID 32927628; Mao, L., Jin, H., Wang, M., Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Neurol, 77 (6), pp. 683-690. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127, doi: PMID 32275288; Lechien, J.R., Chiesa-Estomba, C.M., De Siati, D.R., Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A multicenter European study (2020) Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 277 (8), pp. 2251-2261. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-05965-1, doi: PMID 32253535; Bénézit, F., Le Turnier, P., Declerck, C., Utility of hyposmia and hypogeusia for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Infect Dis, 20 (9), pp. 1014-1015. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30297-8, doi: PMID 32304632; Bolay, H., Gül, A., Baykan, B., COVID-19 is a real headache! (2020) Headache, 60 (7), pp. 1415-1421. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/head.13856, doi: PMID 32412101; Varatharaj, A., Thomas, N., Ellul, M.A., Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: A UK-wide surveillance study (2020) Lancet Psychiatry, 7 (10), pp. 875-882. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30287-X, doi: PMID 32593341; Moriguchi, T., Harii, N., Goto, J., A first case of meningitis/encephalitis associated with SARS-Coronavirus-2 (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94, pp. 55-58. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.062, doi: PMID 32251791; Helms, J., Kremer, S., Merdji, H., Neurologic features in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (23), pp. 2268-2270. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2008597, doi: PMID 32294339; Farhadian, S., Glick, L.R., Vogels, C.B.F., Acute encephalopathy with elevated CSF inflammatory markers as the initial presentation of COVID-19 (2020) BMC Neurol, 20 (1), p. 248. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12883-020-01812-2, doi: PMID 32552792; Etemadifar, M., Salari, M., Murgai, A.A., Hajiahmadi, S., Fulminant encephalitis as a sole manifestation of COVID-19 (2020) Neurol Sci, 41 (11), pp. 3027-3029. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04712-y, doi: PMID 32901399; Poyiadji, N., Shahin, G., Noujaim, D., Stone, M., Patel, S., Griffith, B., COVID-19-associated acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy: Imaging features (2020) Radiology, 296 (2), pp. E119-E120. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201187, doi: PMID 32228363; Delamarre, L., Gollion, C., Grouteau, G., COVID-19-associated acute necrotising encephalopathy successfully treated with steroids and polyvalent immunoglobulin with unusual IgG targeting the cerebral fibre network (2020) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 91 (9), pp. 1004-1006. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-323678, doi: PMID 32651243; Hepburn, M., Mullaguri, N., George, P., Acute symptomatic seizures in critically ill patients with COVID-19: Is there an association? (2020) Neurocrit Care, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12028-020-01006-1, doi: PMID 32462412; Sohal, S., Mansur, M., COVID-19 presenting with seizures (2020) IDCases, 20. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00782, e00782. doi: PMID 32363146; Alketbi, R., Alnuaimi, D., Almulla, M., Acute myelitis as a neurological complication of Covid-19: A case report and MRI findings (2020) Radiol Case Rep, 15 (9), pp. 1591-1595. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radcr.2020.06.001, doi: PMID 32685076; Valiuddin, H., Skwirsk, B., Paz-Arabo, P., Acute transverse myelitis associated with SARS-CoV-2: A case-report (2020) Brain Behav Immun Health, 5. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100091, 100091. doi: PMID 32835294; Chakraborty, U., Chandra, A., Ray, A.K., Biswas, P., COVID-19-associated acute transverse myelitis: A rare entity (2020) BMJ Case Rep, 13 (8). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-238668, e238668. doi: PMID 32843475; Abu-Rumeileh, S., Abdelhak, A., Foschi, M., Tumani, H., Otto, M., Guillain-Barré syndrome spectrum associated with COVID-19: An up-to-date systematic review of 73 cases (2020) J Neurol, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10124-x, doi: PMID 32840686; Uncini, A., Vallat, J.M., Jacobs, B.C., Guillain-Barré syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 infection: An instant systematic review of the first six months of pandemic (2020) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 91 (10), pp. 1105-1110. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-324491, doi: PMID 32855289; Parauda, S.C., Gao, V., Gewirtz, A.N., Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Neurol Sci, 416. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2020.117019, 117019. doi: PMID 32679347; Dafer, R.M., Osteraas, N.D., Biller, J., Acute stroke care in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (2020) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 29 (7). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.104881, 104881. doi: PMID 32334918; Morassi, M., Bagatto, D., Cobelli, M., Stroke in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Case series (2020) J Neurol, 267 (8), pp. 2185-2192. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09885-2, doi: PMID 32436105; Beyrouti, R., Adams, M.E., Benjamin, L., Characteristics of ischaemic stroke associated with COVID-19 (2020) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 91 (8), pp. 889-891. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-323586, doi: PMID 32354768; Hughes, C., Nichols, T., Pike, M., Subbe, C., Elghenzai, S., Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis as a presentation of COVID-19 (2020) Eur J Case Rep Intern Med, 7 (5). , http://dx.doi.org/10.12890/2020_001691, 001691. doi: PMID 32399457; Majidi, S., Fifi, J.T., Ladner, T.R., Emergent large vessel occlusion stroke during New York City's COVID-19 outbreak: Clinical characteristics and paraclinical findings (2020) Stroke, 51 (9), pp. 2656-2663. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.030397, doi: PMID 32755349; Oxley, T.J., Mocco, J., Majidi, S., Large-vessel stroke as a presenting feature of Covid-19 in the young (2020) N Engl J Med, 382 (20). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2009787, e60. doi: PMID 32343504; Dufort, E.M., Koumans, E.H., Chow, E.J., Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in New York State (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (4), pp. 347-358. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2021756, doi: PMID 32598830; Feldstein, L.R., Rose, E.B., Horwitz, S.M., Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in U.S. children and adolescents (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (4), pp. 334-346. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2021680, CDC COVID-19 Response Team...;():. doi: PMID 32598831; Ahmed, M., Advani, S., Moreira, A., Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A systematic review (2020) EClinicalMedicine, 26. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100527, 100527. doi: PMID 32923992; Aronoff, S.C., Hall, A., Del Vecchio, M.T., The natural history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A systematic review (2020) J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, 9 (6), pp. 746-751. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa112, doi: PMID 32924059; Kaushik, A., Gupta, S., Sood, M., Sharma, S., Verma, S., A systematic review of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 39 (11), pp. e340-e346. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000002888, doi: PMID 32925547; Abrams, J.Y., Godfred-Cato, S.E., Oster, M.E., Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: A systematic review (2020) J Pediatr, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.003, S0022-3476(20)30985-9. doi: PMID 32768466; Debiasi, R.L., Song, X., Delaney, M., Severe coronavirus disease-2019 in children and young adults in the Washington, DC, metropolitan region (2020) J Pediatr, 223, pp. 199-203e1. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.007, doi: PMID 32405091; Shekerdemian, L.S., Mahmood, N.R., Wolfe, K.K., Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and Canadian pediatric intensive care units (2020) JAMA Pediatr, 174 (9), pp. 868-873. , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1948, doi: PMID 32392288; Prata-Barbosa, A., Lima-Setta, F., Santos, G.R.D., Pediatric patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units in Brazil: A prospective multicenter study (2020) J Pediatr (Rio J), 96 (5), pp. 582-592. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.07.002, doi: PMID 32781034; Lindan, C.E., Mankad, K., Ram, D., Neuroimaging manifestations in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational, multicentre collaborative study (2020) Lancet Child Adolesc Health, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30362-X, S2352-4642(20)30362-X. doi: PMID 33338439; Lin, J.E., Asfour, A., Sewell, T.B., Neurological issues in children with COVID-19 (2021) Neurosci Lett, 743. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135567, 135567. doi: PMID 33352286; Panda, P.K., Sharawat, I.K., Panda, P., Natarajan, V., Bhakat, R., Dawman, L., Neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) J Trop Pediatr, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmaa070, fmaa070. doi: PMID 32910826; Information for Healthcare Providers about Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), , https://www.cdc.gov/mis-c/hcp/, Accessed December 4, 2020; Venkatesan, A., Tunkel, A.R., Bloch, K.C., Case definitions, diagnostic algorithms, and priorities in encephalitis: Consensus statement of the international encephalitis consortium (2013) Clin Infect Dis, 57 (8), pp. 1114-1128. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cit458, doi: PMID 23861361; Sejvar, J.J., Kohl, K.S., Bilynsky, R., Encephalitis, myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM): Case definitions and guidelines for collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data (2007) Vaccine, 25 (31), pp. 5771-5792. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.04.060, doi: PMID 17570566; Agarwal, S., Conway, J., Nguyen, V., Serial Imaging of virus-associated necrotizing disseminated acute leukoencephalopathy (VANDAL) in COVID-19 (2021) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 42 (2), pp. 279-284. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6898, doi: PMID 33093131; Abdel-Mannan, O., Eyre, M., Löbel, U., Neurologic and radiographic findings associated with COVID-19 infection in children (2020) JAMA Neurol, , http://jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?doi=10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.2687, doi: PMID 32609336; Lin, J., Lawson, E.C., Verma, S., Peterson, R.B., Sidhu, R., Cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum in an adolescent with multisystem inflammatory syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 41 (11), pp. 2017-2019. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6755, doi: PMID 32819898; Baig, A.M., Khaleeq, A., Ali, U., Syeda, H., Evidence of the COVID-19 virus targeting the CNS: Tissue distribution, host-virus interaction, and proposed neurotropic mechanisms (2020) ACS Chem Neurosci, 11 (7), pp. 995-998. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122, doi: PMID 32167747; Guo, Y., Korteweg, C., McNutt, M.A., Gu, J., Pathogenetic mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome (2008) Virus Res, 133 (1), pp. 4-12. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2007.01.022, doi: PMID 17825937; Van Riel, D., Verdijk, R., Kuiken, T., The olfactory nerve: A shortcut for influenza and other viral diseases into the central nervous system (2015) J Pathol, 235 (2), pp. 277-287. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.4461, doi: PMID 25294743; Netland, J., Meyerholz, D.K., Moore, S., Cassell, M., Perlman, S., Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection causes neuronal death in the absence of encephalitis in mice transgenic for human ACE2 (2008) J Virol, 82 (15), pp. 7264-7275. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00737-08, doi: PMID 18495771; Matschke, J., Lütgehetmann, M., Hagel, C., Neuropathology of patients with COVID-19 in Germany: A post-mortem case series (2020) Lancet Neurol, 19 (11), pp. 919-929. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30308-2, doi: PMID 33031735; Buzhdygan, T.P., Deore, B.J., Baldwin-Leclair, A., The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein alters barrier function in 2D static and 3D microfluidic in vitro models of the human blood-brain barrier (2020) BioRxiv, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.15.150912, Posted June 15, doi; Alberti, P., Beretta, S., Piatti, M., Guillain-Barré syndrome related to COVID-19 infection (2020) Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 7 (4). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000741, e741. doi: PMID 32350026; Dalakas, M.C., Guillain-Barré syndrome: The first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmune neurologic disease: More to come with myositis in the offing (2020) Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm, 7 (5). , http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000781, e781. doi: PMID 32518172; Iadecola, C., Anrather, J., Kamel, H., Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system (2020) Cell, 183 (1), pp. 16-27e1. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.028, doi: PMID 32882182; Yuki, N., Hartung, H.P., Guillain-Barré syndrome (2012) N Engl J Med, 366 (24), pp. 2294-2304. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1114525, doi: PMID 22694000; Kreye, J., Reincke, S.M., Prüss, H., Do cross-reactive antibodies cause neuropathology in COVID-19? (2020) Nat Rev Immunol, 20 (11), pp. 645-646. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41577-020-00458-y, doi: PMID 33024283; Kowalewski, M., Fina, D., Słomka, A., COVID-19 and ECMO: The interplay between coagulation and inflammation-a narrative review (2020) Crit Care, 24 (1), p. 205. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02925-3, doi: PMID 32384917; Lax, S.F., Skok, K., Zechner, P., Pulmonary arterial thrombosis in COVID-19 with fatal outcome: Results from a prospective, single-center, clinicopathologic case series (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173 (5), pp. 350-361. , http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/M20-2566, doi: PMID 32422076; Beslow, L.A., Linds, A.B., Fox, C.K., Pediatric ischemic stroke: An infrequent complication of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Ann Neurol, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.25991, doi: PMID 33332607; Appavu, B., Deng, D., Dowling, M.M., Arteritis and large vessel occlusive strokes in children following COVID-19 infection (2020) Pediatrics, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-023440, e2020023440. doi: PMID 33277353; Gulko, E., Overby, P., Ali, S., Mehta, H., Al-Mufti, F., Gomes, W., Vessel wall enhancement and focal cerebral arteriopathy in a pediatric patient with acute infarct and COVID-19 infection (2020) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 41 (12), pp. 2348-2350. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6778, doi: PMID 32816770; Mirzaee, S.M.M., Gonçalves, F.G., Mohammadifard, M., Tavakoli, S.M., Vossough, A., Focal cerebral arteriopathy in a pediatric patient with COVID-19 (2020) Radiology, 297 (2), pp. E274-E275. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020202197, doi: PMID 32484418; Majmundar, N., Ducruet, A., Prakash, T., Nanda, A., Khandelwal, P., Incidence, pathophysiology, and impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on acute ischemic stroke (2020) World Neurosurg, 142, pp. 523-525. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.158, doi: PMID 32987584; Radmanesh, A., Derman, A., Lui, Y.W., COVID-19-associated diffuse leukoencephalopathy and microhemorrhages (2020) Radiology, 297 (1), pp. E223-E227. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020202040, doi: PMID 32437314; Rasmussen, C., Niculescu, I., Patel, S., Krishnan, A., COVID-19 and involvement of the corpus callosum: Potential effect of the cytokine storm? (2020) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 41 (9), pp. 1625-1628. , http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6680, doi: PMID 32732269; Moonis, G., Filippi, C.G., Kirsch, C.F.E., The spectrum of neuroimaging findings on CT and MRI in adults with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (2020) AJR Am J Roentgenol, , http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.24839, doi: PMID 33236647; Duong, L., Xu, P., Liu, A., Meningoencephalitis without respiratory failure in a young female patient with COVID-19 infection in Downtown Los Angeles, early April 2020 (2020) Brain Behav Immun, 87, p. 33. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.024, doi: PMID 32305574; Bernard-Valnet, R., Pizzarotti, B., Anichini, A., Two patients with acute meningoencephalitis concomitant with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Eur J Neurol, 27 (9), pp. e43-e44. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ene.14298, doi: PMID 32383343; Ghannam, M., Alshaer, Q., Al-Chalabi, M., Zakarna, L., Robertson, J., Manousakis, G., Neurological involvement of coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review (2020) J Neurol, 267 (11), pp. 3135-3153. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09990-2, doi: PMID 32561990; Morfopoulou, S., Brown, J.R., Davies, E.G., Human coronavirus OC43 associated with fatal encephalitis (2016) N Engl J Med, 375 (5), pp. 497-498. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc1509458, doi: PMID 27518687; Yeh, E.A., Collins, A., Cohen, M.E., Duffner, P.K., Faden, H., Detection of coronavirus in the central nervous system of a child with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (2004) Pediatrics, 113 (1 PT 1), pp. e73-e76. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.1.e73, doi: PMID 14702500; Shenker, J., Trogen, B., Schroeder, L., Ratner, A.J., Kahn, P., Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with status epilepticus (2020) J Pediatr, 227 (JUL), pp. 300-301. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.062, doi: PMID 32712284; Kim, M.G., Stein, A.A., Overby, P., Fatal cerebral edema in a child with COVID-19 (2021) Pediatr Neurol, 114, pp. 77-78. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.10.005, doi: PMID 33246133; Piliero, P.J., Brody, J., Zamani, A., Deresiewicz, R.L., Eastern equine encephalitis presenting as focal neuroradiographic abnormalities: Case report and review (1994) Clin Infect Dis, 18 (6), pp. 985-988. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/18.6.985, doi: PMID 8086564; Wendell, L.C., Potter, N.S., Roth, J.L., Salloway, S.P., Thompson, B.B., Successful management of severe neuroinvasive eastern equine encephalitis (2013) Neurocrit Care, 19 (1), pp. 111-115. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12028-013-9822-5, doi: PMID 23733173; Krishnan, P., Glenn, O.A., Samuel, M.C., Acute fulminant cerebral edema: A newly recognized phenotype in children with suspected encephalitis (2020) J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piaa063, piaa063. doi: PMID 32667036; Carter, M.J., Fish, M., Jennings, A., Peripheral immunophenotypes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Nat Med, 26 (11), pp. 1701-1707. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-1054-6, doi: PMID 32812012 J2 - JAMA Neurol. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Randolph, A.G.; Boston Children s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Bader 634, United States; email: adrienne.randolph@childrens.harvard.edu PY - 2021 SN - 21686149 (ISSN) SP - E1-E12 ST - Neurologic Involvement in Children and Adolescents Hospitalized in the United States for COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome T2 - JAMA Neurology TI - Neurologic Involvement in Children and Adolescents Hospitalized in the United States for COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102135947&doi=10.1001%2fjamaneurol.2021.0504&partnerID=40&md5=3d5c83a4606d6ca1f8b3c5a2e94d14d2 ID - 180 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The Policy–Advocacy–Leadership (PAL) column is developed to initiate and facilitate important dialog about health care and educational policy, and develop and share the knowledge, tools, and resources that enable occupational therapy practitioners to be effective advocates for our clients, our practice, and our profession. In this column, we examine the lessons learned as we adjusted to the federal, state and local responses to the coronavirus pandemic. © 2021 Taylor & Francis. AD - Old Dominion University, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Occupational Therapy, Norfolk, VA, United States University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AU - Laverdure, P. AU - LeCompte, B. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1080/19411243.2021.1899644 IS - 1 J2 - J. Occup. Ther. Sch. Early Intervention KW - advocacy coronavirus COVID-19 leadership occupational therapy service Policy LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Laverdure, P.; Old Dominion UniversityUnited States; email: plaverdu@odu.edu References: Pub. L. 108–446, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 et seq; Townsend, E., Wilcock, A.A., Occupational justice and client-centred practice: A dialogue in progress (2004) The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71 (2), pp. 75-87. , 10.1177%2F000841740407100203; Wilcock, A.A., Townsend, E.A., Occupational justice (2009) Willard & Spackman’s occupational herapy, pp. 192-199. , Crepeau E.B., Cohn E.S., Boyt Schell B.A., (eds), 11th, Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, &,. (Eds.), ed PY - 2021 SN - 19411243 (ISSN) SP - 1-9 ST - Policy, Advocacy and Leadership Column: Lessons Learned from COVID-19: A Leadership and Advocacy Perspective T2 - Journal of Occupational Therapy, Schools, and Early Intervention TI - Policy, Advocacy and Leadership Column: Lessons Learned from COVID-19: A Leadership and Advocacy Perspective UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102933559&doi=10.1080%2f19411243.2021.1899644&partnerID=40&md5=d41fb4a1763d3bb905629423f1d7bbc5 VL - 14 ID - 164 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Capsid integrity quantitative PCR (qPCR), a molecular detection method for infectious viruses combining azo dye pretreatment with qPCR, has been widely used in recent years; however, variations in pretreatment conditions for various virus types can limit the efficacy of specific protocols. By identifying and critically synthesizing forty-one recent peer-reviewed studies employing capsid integrity qPCR for viruses in the last decade (2009–2019) in the fields of food safety and environmental virology, we aimed to establish recommendations for the detection of infectious viruses. Intercalating dyes are effective measures of viability in PCR assays provided the viral capsid is damaged; viruses that have been inactivated by other causes, such as loss of attachment or genomic damage, are less well detected using this approach. Although optimizing specific protocols for each virus is recommended, we identify a framework for general assay conditions. These include concentrations of ethidium monoazide, propidium monoazide or its derivates between 10 and 200 μM; incubation on ice or at room temperature (20 - 25 °C) for 5–120 min; and dye activation using LED or high light (500–800 Watts) exposure for periods ranging from 5 to 20 min. These simple steps can benefit the investigation of infectious virus transmission in routine (water) monitoring settings and during viral outbreaks such as the current COVID-19 pandemic or endemic diseases like dengue fever. © 2020 The Authors AD - Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Gilling's School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillNC, United States Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NTU, Singapore Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, CHE, Ministry of Education, Bangkok, Thailand AU - Leifels, M. AU - Cheng, D. AU - Sozzi, E. AU - Shoults, D. C. AU - Wuertz, S. AU - Mongkolsuk, S. AU - Sirikanchana, K. C7 - 100080 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100080 J2 - Water. Res. KW - (6) azo dye EMA Microbial contamination PMA virus infectivity Water quality Azo dyes Damage detection Polymerase chain reaction Effective measures Environmental virologies Ethidium monoazide Intercalating dye Molecular detection Pretreatment conditions Systematic Review Viruses LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Leifels, M.; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore; email: mats.leifels@rub.de Funding details: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia, KPM Funding details: National Research Foundation Singapore, NRF Funding text 1: This research was supported by the Singapore National Research Foundation and Ministry of Education under the Research Centre of Excellence Programme. References: Beck, S.E., Hull, N.M., Poepping, C., Linden, K.G., Wavelength-Dependent damage to adenoviral proteins across the Germicidal UV spectrum (2018) Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, pp. 223-229; Beck, S.E., Rodriguez, R.A., Linden, K.G., Hargy, T.M., Larason, T.C., Wright, H.B., Wavelength dependent UV inactivation and DNA damage of adenovirus as measured by cell culture infectivity and long range quantitative PCR (2014) Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, pp. 591-598; Beeching, N.J., Fletcher, T.E., Beadsworth, M.B.J., Covid-19: testing times (2020) BMJ, 369, p. m1403; Bellehumeur, C., Boyle, B., Charette, S.J., Harel, J., L'Homme, Y., Masson, L., Gagnon, C.A., Propidium monoazide (PMA) and ethidium bromide monoazide (EMA) improve DNA array and high-throughput sequencing of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus identification (2015) J. Virol. Methods, 222, pp. 182-191; Biotium Inc, (2019) Propidium Monoazide Product Information Sheet; Blanco, A., Guix, S., Fuster, N., Fuentes, C., Bartolomé, R., Cornejo, T., Pintó, R.M., Bosch, A., Norovirus in bottled water associated with Gastroenteritis outbreak, Spain, 2016 (2017) Emerg. Infect. Dis., 23, pp. 1531-1534; Bosch, A., Gkogka, E., Le Guyader, F.S., Loisy-Hamon, F., Lee, A., van Lieshout, L., Marthi, B., Phister, T., Foodborne viruses: detection, risk assessment, and control options in food processing (2018) Int. J. Food Microbiol., 285, pp. 110-128; Brouwer, A.F., Masters, N.B., Eisenberg, J.N.S., Quantitative microbial risk assessment and infectious disease transmission modeling of waterborne enteric pathogens (2018) Curr Environ Health Rep, 5, pp. 293-304; Canh, V.D., Kasuga, I., Furumai, H., Katayama, H., Impact of various humic acids on EMA-RT-qPCR to selectively detect intact viruses in drinking water (2018) J. Water Environ. Technol., 16, pp. 83-93; Canh, V.D., Kasuga, I., Furumai, H., Katayama, H., Viability RT-qPCR combined with sodium deoxycholate pre-treatment for selective quantification of infectious viruses in drinking water samples (2019) Food Environ Virol, 11, pp. 40-51; Chhipi-Shrestha, G., Hewage, K., Sadiq, R., Microbial quality of reclaimed water for urban reuses: probabilistic risk-based investigation and recommendations (2017) Sci. Total Environ., 576, pp. 738-751; Cochrane, Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.0 (2019), (updated July 2019); Codony, F., Dinh-Thanh, M., Agustí, G., Key factors for removing bias in viability PCR-based methods: a review (2019) Curr. Microbiol., 77, pp. 682-687; Corman, V.M., Landt, O., Kaiser, M., Molenkamp, R., Meijer, A., Chu, D.K., Bleicker, T., Drosten, C., Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR (2020) Euro Surveill., 25, p. 2000045; Corpuz, M.V.A., Buonerba, A., Vigliotta, G., Zarra, T., Ballesteros, F., Campiglia, P., Belgiorno, V., Naddeo, V., Viruses in wastewater: occurrence, abundance and detection methods (2020) Sci. Total Environ., 745, p. 140910; Coudray-Meunier, C., Fraisse, A., Martin-Latil, S., Guillier, L., Perelle, S., Discrimination of infectious hepatitis A virus and rotavirus by combining dyes and surfactants with RT-qPCR (2013) BMC Microbiol., 13, p. 216; Coudray, C., Merle, G., Martin-Latil, S., Guillier, L., Perelle, S., Comparison of two extraction methods for the detection of hepatitis A virus in lettuces using the murine norovirus as a process control (2013) J. Virol. Methods, 193, pp. 96-102; Efstratiou, A., Ongerth, J.E., Karanis, P., Waterborne transmission of protozoan parasites: review of worldwide outbreaks - an update 2011–2016 (2017) Water Res., 114, pp. 14-22; Escudero-Abarca, B.I., Rawsthorne, H., Goulter, R.M., Suh, S.H., Jaykus, L.A., Molecular methods used to estimate thermal inactivation of a prototype human norovirus: more heat resistant than previously believed? (2014) Food Microbiol., 41, pp. 91-95; Estes, M.K., Ettayebi, K., Tenge, V.R., Murakami, K., Karandikar, U., Lin, S.-C., Ayyar, B.V., Atmar, R.L., Human Norovirus cultivation in nontransformed stem cell-derived human intestinal enteroid cultures: success and challenges (2019) Viruses, 11, p. 638; Farkas, K., Mannion, F., Hillary, L.S., Malham, S.K., Walker, D.I., Emerging technologies for the rapid detection of enteric viruses in the aquatic environment (2020) Curr. Opin. Environ. Sci. Health, 16, pp. 1-6; Farkas, K., Adriaenssens, E.M., Walker, D.I., McDonald, J.E., Malham, S.K., Jones, D.L., Critical evaluation of CrAssphage as a molecular marker for human-derived wastewater contamination in the aquatic environment (2019) Food Environ. Virol., 11, pp. 113-119; Fittipaldi, M., Nocker, A., Codony, F., Progress in understanding preferential detection of live cells using viability dyes in combination with DNA amplification (2012) J. Microbiol. Methods, 91, pp. 276-289; Fongaro, G., Hernández, M., García-González, M.C., Barardi, C.R., Rodríguez-Lázaro, D., Propidium monoazide coupled with PCR predicts infectivity of enteric viruses in Swine manure and biofertilized soil (2016) Food Environ Virol, 8, pp. 79-85; Fraisse, A., Niveau, F., Hennechart-Collette, C., Coudray-Meunier, C., Martin-Latil, S., Perelle, S., Discrimination of infectious and heat-treated norovirus by combining platinum compounds and real-time RT-PCR (2018) Int. J. Food Microbiol., 269, pp. 64-74; Fuster, N., Pintó, R.M., Fuentes, C., Beguiristain, N., Bosch, A., Guix, S., Propidium monoazide RTqPCR assays for the assessment of hepatitis A inactivation and for a better estimation of the health risk of contaminated waters (2016) Water Res., 101, pp. 226-232; Gedalanga, P.B., Olson, B.H., Development of a quantitative PCR method to differentiate between viable and nonviable bacteria in environmental water samples (2009) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 82, pp. 587-596; Gerba, C.P., Betancourt, W.Q., Assessing the occurrence of waterborne viruses in reuse systems: analytical limits and needs (2019) Pathogens, 8; Gibson, K.E., Viral pathogens in water: occurrence, public health impact, and available control strategies (2014) Curr. Opin. Virol., 4, pp. 50-57; Graiver, D.A., Saunders, S.E., Topliff, C.L., Kelling, C.L., Bartelt-Hunt, S.L., Ethidium monoazide does not inhibit RT-PCR amplification of nonviable avian influenza RNA (2010) J. Virol. Methods, 164, pp. 51-54; Grubaugh, N.D., Ladner, J.T., Lemey, P., Pybus, O.G., Rambaut, A., Holmes, E.C., Andersen, K.G., Tracking virus outbreaks in the twenty-first century (2019) Nat Microbiol, 4, pp. 10-19; Hellmér, M., Paxéus, N., Magnius, L., Enache, L., Arnholm, B., Johansson, A., Bergström, T., Norder, H., Detection of pathogenic viruses in sewage provided early warnings of hepatitis A virus and norovirus outbreaks (2014) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 80, pp. 6771-6781; Ho, J., Seidel, M., Niessner, R., Eggers, J., Tiehm, A., Long amplicon (LA)-qPCR for the discrimination of infectious and noninfectious phix174 bacteriophages after UV inactivation (2016) Water Res., 103, pp. 141-148; Huang, X., Zhou, X., He, X., Wang, P., Yue, S., Wu, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, W., Detection of infectious dengue virus by selective real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (2016) Virol. Sin., 31, pp. 342-345; ISO, Microbiology of Food and Animal Feed — Horizontal Method for Determination of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus in Food Using Real-time RT-PCR — Part 1: Method for Quantification (2013); ISO, Microbiology of Food and Animal Feed — Horizontal Method for Determination of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus in Food Using Real-time RT-PCR — Part 2: Method for Qualitative Detection (2013); ISO, Microbiology of the Food Chain — Horizontal Method for Determination of Hepatitis A Virus and Norovirus Using Real-time RT-PCR — Part 1: Method for Quantification (2017); ISO, ISO 15216-2:2019(en), Microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal method for determination of hepatitis A virus and norovirus using real-time RT-PCR — Part 2: Method for detection (2019); Jeong, M.I., Park, S.Y., Ha, S.D., Thermal inactivation of human norovirus on spinach using propidium or ethidium monoazide combined with real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (2017) Food Contr., 78, pp. 79-84; Karim, M.R., Fout, G.S., Johnson, C.H., White, K.M., Parshionikar, S.U., Propidium monoazide reverse transcriptase PCR and RT-qPCR for detecting infectious enterovirus and norovirus (2015) J. Virol. Methods, 219, pp. 51-61; Kaul, D., An overview of coronaviruses including the SARS-2 coronavirus – molecular biology, epidemiology and clinical implications (2020) Curr. Med. Res. Pract., 10, pp. 54-64; Kim, S.-H., Shahbaz, H.M., Park, D., Chun, S., Lee, W., Oh, J.-W., Lee, D.-U., Park, J., A combined treatment of UV-assisted TiO2 photocatalysis and high hydrostatic pressure to inactivate internalized murine norovirus (2017) Innovat. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 39, pp. 188-196; Kim, S.Y., Ko, G., Using propidium monoazide to distinguish between viable and nonviable bacteria, MS2 and murine norovirus (2012) Lett. Appl. Microbiol., 55, pp. 182-188; Ko, G., Cromeans, T.L., Sobsey, M.D., Detection of infectious adenovirus in cell culture by mRNA reverse transcription-PCR (2003) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 69, pp. 7377-7384; Langlet, J., Kaas, L., Croucher, D., Hewitt, J., Effect of the Shellfish Proteinase K digestion method on Norovirus capsid integrity (2018) Food Environ. Virol., 10, pp. 151-158; Lee, D.-Y., Leung, K.T., Lee, H., Habash, M.B., Simultaneous detection of selected enteric viruses in water samples by multiplex quantitative PCR (2016) Water, Air, Soil Pollut., 227, p. 107; Lee, H.-W., Yoon, S.-R., Lee, H.-M., Lee, J.Y., Kim, S.H., Ha, J.-H., Use of RT-qPCR with combined intercalating dye and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate pretreatment to evaluate the virucidal activity of halophyte extracts against norovirus (2019) Food Contr., 98, pp. 100-106; Lee, H.W., Lee, H.M., Yoon, S.R., Kim, S.H., Ha, J.H., Pretreatment with propidium monoazide/sodium lauroyl sarcosinate improves discrimination of infectious waterborne virus by RT-qPCR combined with magnetic separation (2018) Environ. Pollut., 233, pp. 306-314; Lee, M., Seo, D.J., Seo, J., Oh, H., Jeon, S.B., Ha, S.D., Myoung, J., Choi, C., Detection of viable murine norovirus using the plaque assay and propidium-monoazide-combined real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (2015) J. Virol. Methods, 221, pp. 57-61; Leifels, M., Hamza, I.A., Krieger, M., Wilhelm, M., Mackowiak, M., Jurzik, L., From lab to lake – evaluation of current molecular methods for the detection of infectious enteric viruses in complex water matrices in an Urban Area (2016) PLoS One, 11; Leifels, M., Jurzik, L., Wilhelm, M., Hamza, I.A., Use of ethidium monoazide and propidium monoazide to determine viral infectivity upon inactivation by heat, UV- exposure and chlorine (2015) Int. J. Hyg Environ. Health, 218, pp. 686-693; Leifels, M., Shoults, D., Wiedemeyer, A., Ashbolt, N.J., Sozzi, E., Hagemeier, A., Jurzik, L., Capsid integrity qPCR—an azo-dye based and culture-independent approach to estimate adenovirus infectivity after disinfection and in the aquatic environment (2019) Water-Sui, 11, p. 1196; Lowther, J.A., Bosch, A., Butot, S., Ollivier, J., Made, D., Rutjes, S.A., Hardouin, G., Leclercq, A., Validation of EN ISO method 15216 - Part 1 - quantification of hepatitis A virus and norovirus in food matrices (2019) Int. J. Food Microbiol., 288, pp. 82-90; McLellan, N.L., Lee, H., Habash, M.B., Evaluation of propidium monoazide and long-amplicon qPCR as an infectivity assay for coliphage (2016) J. Virol. Methods, 238, pp. 48-55; Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G., Group, P., Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement (2009) BMJ, 339, p. b2535; Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Group, P.-P., Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement (2015) Syst. Rev., 4, p. 1; Moreno, L., Aznar, R., Sanchez, G., Application of viability PCR to discriminate the infectivity of hepatitis A virus in food samples (2015) Int. J. Food Microbiol., 201, pp. 1-6; Nogva, H.K., Dromtorp, S.M., Nissen, H., Rudi, K., Ethidium monoazide for DNA-based differentiation of viable and dead bacteria by 5'-nuclease PCR (2003) Biotechniques, 34, pp. 804-808. , 810, 812-803; Ogilvie, L.A., Nzakizwanayo, J., Guppy, F.M., Dedi, C., Diston, D., Taylor, H., Ebdon, J., Jones, B.V., Resolution of habitat-associated ecogenomic signatures in bacteriophage genomes and application to microbial source tracking (2018) ISME J., 12, pp. 942-958; Oristo, S., Lee, H.-J., Maunula, L., Performance of pre-RT-qPCR treatments to discriminate infectious human rotaviruses and noroviruses from heat-inactivated viruses: applications of PMA/PMAxx, benzonase and RNase (2018) J. Appl. Microbiol., 124, pp. 1008-1016; Parshionikar, S., Laseke, I., Fout, G.S., Use of propidium monoazide in reverse transcriptase PCR to distinguish between infectious and noninfectious enteric viruses in water samples (2010) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 76, pp. 4318-4326; Polston, P.M., Rodriguez, R.A., Seo, K., Kim, M., Ko, G., Sobsey, M.D., Field evaluation of an improved cell line for the detection of human adenoviruses in environmental samples (2014) J. Virol. Methods, 205, pp. 68-74; Prevost, B., Goulet, M., Lucas, F.S., Joyeux, M., Moulin, L., Wurtzer, S., Viral persistence in surface and drinking water: suitability of PCR pre-treatment with intercalating dyes (2016) Water Res., 91, pp. 68-76; Rames, E., Roiko, A., Stratton, H., Macdonald, J., Technical aspects of using human adenovirus as a viral water quality indicator (2016) Water Res., 96, pp. 308-326; Randazzo, W., Khezri, M., Ollivier, J., Le Guyader, F.S., Rodriguez-Diaz, J., Aznar, R., Sanchez, G., Optimization of PMAxx pretreatment to distinguish between human norovirus with intact and altered capsids in shellfish and sewage samples (2018) Int. J. Food Microbiol., 266, pp. 1-7; Randazzo, W., Vasquez-García, A., Aznar, R., Sánchez, G., Viability RT-qPCR to distinguish between HEV and HAV with intact and altered capsids (2018) Front. Microbiol., 9. , 1973-1973; Rodriguez, R.A., Pepper, I.L., Gerba, C.P., Application of PCR-based methods to assess the infectivity of enteric viruses in environmental samples (2009) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 75, pp. 297-307; Rosenberg, B., Van Camp, L., Krigas, T., Inhibition of cell division in Escherichia coli by electrolysis products from a platinum electrode (1965) Nature, 205, pp. 698-699; Sangsanont, J., Katayama, H., Kurisu, F., Furumai, H., Capsid-damaging effects of UV irradiation as measured by quantitative PCR coupled with ethidium monoazide treatment (2014) Food Environ. Virol., 6, pp. 269-275; Sinclair, R.G., Jones, E.L., Gerba, C.P., Viruses in recreational water-borne disease outbreaks: a review (2009) J. Appl. Microbiol., 107, pp. 1769-1780; Sirikanchana, K., Shisler, J.L., Marinas, B.J., Effect of exposure to UV-C irradiation and monochloramine on adenovirus serotype 2 early protein expression and DNA replication (2008) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 74, pp. 3774-3782; Sirikanchana, K., Shisler, J.L., Marinas, B.J., Inactivation kinetics of adenovirus serotype 2 with monochloramine (2008) Water Res., 42, pp. 1467-1474; Soejima, T., Minami, J., Xiao, J.Z., Abe, F., Innovative use of platinum compounds to selectively detect live microorganisms by polymerase chain reaction (2016) Biotechnol. Bioeng., 113, pp. 301-310; Symonds, E.M., Rosario, K., Breitbart, M., Pepper mild mottle virus: agricultural menace turned effective tool for microbial water quality monitoring and assessing (waste)water treatment technologies (2019) PLoS Pathog., 15; Thompson, J.R., Nancharaiah, Y.V., Gu, X., Lee, W.L., Rajal, V.B., Haines, M.B., Girones, R., Wuertz, S., Making waves: wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 for population-based health management (2020) Water Res., 184, p. 116181; Toribio-Avedillo, D., Méndez, J., Muniesa, M., Blanch, A.R., Evaluation of new components in modified Scholten's medium for the detection of Somatic Coliphages (2020) Food Environ. Virol., 12, pp. 148-157; Veronica, C., Esther, K.M., Hannah, B., Khalil, E., Xi-Lei, Z., Robert, L.A., Mary, K.E., Jan, V., Human Norovirus replication in human intestinal enteroids as model to evaluate virus inactivation (2018) Emerg. Infect. Dis. J, 24, p. 1453; Wangkahad, B., Mongkolsuk, S., Sirikanchana, K., Integrated Multivariate Analysis with Nondetects for the Development of Human Sewage Source-Tracking Tools Using Bacteriophages of Enterococcus faecalis (2017) Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, pp. 2235-2245; Wu, Z., Zeng, T., Guo, W.-J., Bai, Y.-Y., Pang, D.-W., Zhang, Z.-L., Digital single virus immunoassay for ultrasensitive multiplex avian influenza virus detection based on fluorescent magnetic multifunctional nanospheres (2019) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 11, pp. 5762-5770; Yee, R.A., Leifels, M., Scott, C., Ashbolt, N.J., Liu, Y., Evaluating microbial and chemical hazards in commercial struvite recovered from wastewater (2019) Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, pp. 5378-5386 PY - 2021 SN - 25899147 (ISSN) ST - Capsid integrity quantitative PCR to determine virus infectivity in environmental and food applications – A systematic review T2 - Water Research X TI - Capsid integrity quantitative PCR to determine virus infectivity in environmental and food applications – A systematic review UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099194229&doi=10.1016%2fj.wroa.2020.100080&partnerID=40&md5=914e54ff027897198cc254e425aa97e7 VL - 11 ID - 26 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The performance of masks, whether intended to protect the community from exhaled infectious aerosol or to protect the wearer from inhaled infectious aerosol, depends on factors such as filtration efficiency, particle size distribution, leakage, and ventilation rate. These factors depend on the activities and facial features of the mask wearer so that the mask performance for real-world applications is difficult to predict. The present work shows how protection factor, a quantity often used to describe mask performance, can be estimated without involving human volunteers. By constraining these factors to known values, mask protection factors can be compared fairly and efficiently following a series of filtration efficiency measurements performed in the laboratory. Protection factors and mask emissions for exhalation and inhalation were evaluated for masks of seven types currently in use around the world and for a hypothetical mask with 99% efficiency on all particles. The performance of reusable masks made from cotton fabric was limited by the size of the native cotton fibers. Masks that utilized finer fibers, particularly electret fibers with relatively small diameters, showed excellent performance with moderate flow resistance. Results from this work, in addition to simple guidance for mask fit and usage, can facilitate risk communication and decision-making efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2021 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collinss, CO 80521, United States Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Leith, D. AU - L'Orange, C. AU - Volckens, J. C2 - 33601881 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1021/acs.est.0c07291 IS - 5 J2 - Environ. Sci. Technol. KW - Aerosols Cotton Decision making Particle size Particle size analysis Facial feature Filtration efficiency Flow resistance Human volunteers Real-world Risk communication Ventilation rate Efficiency Gossypium hirsutum aerosol human mask pandemic COVID-19 Humans Masks Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: ESTHA Correspondence Address: Volckens, J.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, United States; email: john.volckens@colostate.edu Chemicals/CAS: Aerosols Funding details: World Health Organization, WHO Funding text 1: This work was supported by the World Health Organization, which also supplied the masks studied. References: Procedure No. TEB-APR-STP-0059 Revision 3.2, Determination of Particulate Filter Efficiency Level for N95 Series Filters Against Solid Particulates for Non-Powered, Air-Purifying Respirators Standard Testing Procedure (STP); National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory: Pittsburgh, 2019; Designation: F2299/F2299M-03 Standard Test Method for Determining the Initial Efficiency of Materials Used in Medical Face Masks to Penetration by Particulates Using Latex Spheres; ASTM International: West Conshohocken PA, 2017; EN 149: 2001+A1 Respiratory protective devices-Filtering half masks to protect against particles-Requirements, testing, marking; European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, 2009; https://www.osha.gov/Publications/3352-APF-respirators.pdf, OSHA 3352-02 2009 Assigned Protection Factors for the Revised Respiratory Protection Standard; Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor: Washington, DC, 2009; Asadi, S., Bouvier, N., Wexler, A.S., Ristenpart, W.D., The coronavirus pandemic and aerosols: Does COVID-19 transmit via expiratory particles? (2020) Aerosol Sci Technol, 54, p. 635; Pleil, J.D., Beauchamp, J.D., Risby, T.H., Dweik, R.A., The scientific rationale for the use of simple masks or improvised facial coverings to trap exhaled aerosols and possibly reduce the breathborne spread of COVID-19 J. Breath Res, 2020, p. 14; (2020) Community Face Coverings-guide to Minimum Requirements, Methods of Testing and Use, , European Committee for Standardization: Brussels; (2020), AATC M14-2020 Guidance and considerations for general purpose textile face coverings: Adult; American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists: Research Triangle Park, NC; Asadi, S., Wexler, A.S., Cappa, C.D., Barreda, S., Bouvier, N.M., Ristenpart, W.D., Aerosol emission and superemission during human speech increase with voice loudness (2019) Sci. Rep, 9, p. 2348; Schwarz, K., Biller, H., Windt, H., Koch, W., Hohlfeld, J.M., Characterization of exhaled particles from the healthy human lung-A systematic analysis in relation to pulmonary function variables (2010) J. Aerosol Med. Pulm. Drug Deliv, 23, p. 371; Lai, K.-M., Bottomley, C., McNerney, R., Propagation of respiratory aerosols by the vuvuzela (2011) PLoS One, 6; Papineni, R.S., Rosenthal, F.S., The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects (1997) J. Aerosol Med, 10 (105); Bailey, E.F., Hoit, J.D., Speaking and breathing in high respiratory drive (2002) J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res, 45, p. 89; Gupta, J.K., Lin, J.-H., Chen, Q., Characterizing exhaled airflow from breathing and talking (2010) Indoor Air, 20, p. 31; Asadi, S., Cappa, C.D., Barreda, S., Wexler, A.S., Bouvier, N.M., Ristenpart, W.D., Efficacy of masks and face coverings in controlling outward aerosol particle emission from expiratory activities (2020) Sci. Rep, 10, p. 15665; Morawska, L., Johnson, G.R., Ristovski, Z.D., Hargreaves, M., Mengersen, K., Corbett, S., Chao, C.Y.H., Katoshevski, D., Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities (2009) J. Aerosol Sci, 40, p. 256; Song, Y., Thiagarajah, J., Verkman, A.S., Sodium and chloride concentrations, pH, and depth of airway surface liquid in distal airways (2003) J. Gen. Physiol, 122, p. 511; Boucher, R.C., Molecular insights into the physiology of the thin film' of airway surface liquid (1999) J. Physiol, 516, p. 631; Effros, R.M., Peterson, B., Casaburi, R., Su, J., Dunning, M., Torday, J., Biller, J., Shaker, R., Epithelial lining fluid solute concentrations in chronic obstructive lung disease patients and normal subjects (2005) J. Appl. Physiol, 99, p. 1286; Kumar, A., Terakosolphan, W., Hassoun, M., Kalliopi-Kelli, V., Novicky, A., Harvey, R., Royall, P.G., Mudway, I.S., A biocompatible synthetic lung fluid based on human respiratory tract lining fluid composition (2017) Pharm. Res, 34, p. 2454; Han, D.-H., Willeke, K., Colton, C.E., Quantitative fit testing techniques and regulations for tight-fitting respirators: Current methods measuring aerosol or air leakage and new developments (1997) Am. Ind. Hygiene Assoc. J, 58, p. 219; Vuma, C.D., Manganyi, J., Wilson, K., Rees, D., The effect on fit of multiple consecutive donning and doffing of N95 filtering facepiece respirators (2019) Ann. Work Expos. Health, 63, p. 930; Pan, J., Harb, C., Leng, W., Marr, L.C., Inward and Outward Effectiveness of Cloth Masks a Surgical Mask, and a Face Shield, , medRxiv preprint 2020; Clapp, P.W., Sickbert-Bennett, E.E., Samet, J.M., Berntsen, J., Zeman, K.L., Anderson, D.J., Weber, D.J., Bennett, W.D., Evaluation of cloth masks and modified procedure masks as personal protective equipment for the public during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Jama Intern. Med, p. e208168; Peters, T., Boundy, M., Leith, D., Influence of upstream flow characteristics on filter efficiency (2001) Filtr, 38, p. 40. , Sep; Volckens, J., Quinn, C., Leith, D., Mehaffy, J., Henry, C.S., Miller-Lionberg, D., Development and evaluation of an ultrasonic personal aerosol sampler (2017) Indoor Air, 27, p. 409; Leith, D., L'Orange, C., Mehaffy, J., Volckens, J., Design and performance of UPAS inlets for respirable and thoracic mass sampling (2020) J. Occupational Environ. Hygiene, 17, p. 274; Roberge, R.J., Kim, J.-H., Powell, J.B., Shaffer, R.E., Ylitalo, C.M., Sebastian, J.M., Impact of low filter resistances on subjective and physiological responses to filtering facepiece respirators (2013) PLoS One, 8 PY - 2021 SN - 0013936X (ISSN) SP - 3136-3143 ST - Quantitative Protection Factors for Common Masks and Face Coverings T2 - Environmental Science and Technology TI - Quantitative Protection Factors for Common Masks and Face Coverings UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85101884110&doi=10.1021%2facs.est.0c07291&partnerID=40&md5=cdd721da9d807757054a9e7a11491279 VL - 55 ID - 66 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Remote triage (RT) allows interprofessional teams (e.g., nurses and physicians) to assess patients and make clinical decisions remotely. RT use has developed widespread interest due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and has future potential to address the needs of a rapidly aging population, improve access to care, facilitate interprofessional team care, and ensure appropriate use of resources. However, despite rapid and increasing interest in implementation of RT, there is little research concerning practices for successful implementation. We conducted a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis of practices that impact the implementation of RT for adults seeking clinical care advice. We searched MEDLINE®, EMBASE, and CINAHL from inception through July 2018. We included 32 studies in this review. Our review identified four themes impacting the implementation of RT: characteristics of staff who use RT, influence of RT on staff, considerations in selecting RT tools, and environmental and contextual factors impacting RT. The findings of our systemic review underscore the need for a careful consideration of (a) organizational and stakeholder buy-in before launch, (b) physical and psychological workplace environment, (c) staff training and ongoing support, and (d) optimal metrics to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of implementation. Our findings indicate that preimplementation planning, as well as evaluating RT by collecting data during and after implementation, is essential to ensuring successful implementation and continued adoption of RT in a health care system. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC AD - Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, United States Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States BJC Medical Group, St. Louis, MO, United States Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States Carlson Health Sciences Library, University of California, Davis, CA, United States Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States AU - Lewinski, A. A. AU - Rushton, S. AU - Van Voorhees, E. AU - Boggan, J. C. AU - Whited, J. D. AU - Shoup, J. P. AU - Tabriz, A. A. AU - Adam, S. AU - Fulton, J. AU - Gordon, A. M. AU - Ear, B. AU - Williams, J. W., Jr. AU - Goldstein, K. M. AU - Van Noord, M. G. AU - Gierisch, J. M. C2 - 33319411 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/nur.22093 IS - 1 J2 - Res. Nurs. Health KW - delivery of healthcare implementation science qualitative research systematic review telemedicine adoption adult article Cinahl comparative effectiveness Embase emergency health service female health care system human male staff training synthesis workplace health care delivery COVID-19 Delivery of Health Care Humans SARS-CoV-2 Triage LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Lewinski, A.A.; Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, United States; email: Allison.Lewinski@duke.edu Correspondence Address: Lewinski, A.A.; School of Nursing, United States; email: Allison.Lewinski@duke.edu Funding details: CIN 13‐410 Funding details: ESP 09‐010 Funding details: 13‐263 Funding details: 1K2RX001298 Funding details: Health Services Research and Development, HSR&D, 19‐006, SDR 16‐192 Funding text 1: The authors thank Jennifer MacDonald, MD, for nominating the topic and providing input on project scope and methodology; Becky Yano, PhD, MSPH; Peter Koboli, MD, MS; and Danielle Rose, PhD, MPH, for input on project scope and methodological approaches; Eric Monson, PhD, for data visualization assistance; Soohyun Hwang, MPH, and Avishek Nagi, MS, for project assistance; and Liz Wing, MA, and Donnalee Frega, PhD for editorial assistance. This study was supported by the VA Evidence Synthesis Program (ESP 09‐010) and the Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (CIN 13‐410) at the Durham VA Health Care System. Dr. Goldstein is supported by VA HSR&D CDA award #13‐263. Dr. Van Voorhees is supported by VA Rehabilitation Research & Development CDA (1K2RX001298). Dr. Whited is supported by VA HSR&D Awards SDR 16‐192 and 19‐006. Dr. Lewinski is supported by a VA OAA HSR&D PhD Fellowship TPH 21‐000. Dr. Rushton receives funding from HRSA Primary Care Training and Enhancement Program (TOBHP29992), which is not related to this study. References: Averill, J.B., Matrix analysis as a complementary analytic strategy in qualitative inquiry (2002) Qualitative Health Research, 12 (6), pp. 855-866. , https://doi.org/10.1177/104973230201200611; Banks, J., Farr, M., Salisbury, C., Bernard, E., Northstone, K., Edwards, H., Horwood, J., Use of an electronic consultation system in primary care: A qualitative interview study (2018) British Journal of General Practice, 68 (666), pp. e1-e8. , https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17X693509; Blank, L., Coster, J., O'Cathain, A., Knowles, E., Tosh, J., Turner, J., Nicholl, J., The appropriateness of, and compliance with, telephone triage decisions: A systematic review and narrative synthesis (2012) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68 (12), pp. 2610-2621. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06052.x; Boggan, J.C., Shoup, J.P., Whited, J.D., Van Voorhees, E., Gordon, A.M., Rushton, S., Lewinski, A.A., Gierisch, J.M., Effectiveness of acute care remote triage systems: A systematic review (2020) Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35, pp. 2136-2145. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05585-4; Brady, M., Northstone, K., Remote clinical decision-making: A clinician's definition (2017) Emergency Nurse, 25 (2), pp. 24-28. , https://doi.org/10.7748/en.2017.e1661; Bunn, F., Byrne, G., Kendall, S., Telephone consultation and triage: effects on health care use and patient satisfaction (2004) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4. , https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004180.pub2; Campbell, J.L., Fletcher, E., Britten, N., Green, C., Holt, T.A., Lattimer, V., Richards, D.A., Taylor, R.S., Telephone triage for management of same-day consultation requests in general practice (the ESTEEM trial): a cluster-randomised controlled trial and cost-consequence analysis (2014) Lancet, 384 (9957), pp. 1859-1868. , https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61058-8; Carrasqueiro, S., Oliveira, M., Encarnacao, P., Evaluation of telephone triage and advice services: a systematic review on methods, metrics and results (2011) Studies in Health and Technology Informatics, 169, pp. 407-411; (2020), . Using Telehealth to expand access to essential health services during the COVID-19 Pandemic; Christensen, V., Floyd, N., Anderson, J., "It Would've Been Nice if They Interpreted the Data a Little Bit. It Didn't Really Say Much, and It Didn't Really Help Us.": A qualitative study of VA health system evidence needs (2019) Medical Care, 57 (10), pp. S228-S232. , https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000001171; http://epoc.cochrane.org/resources/epoc-resources-review-authors, Suggested risk of bias criteria for EPOC reviews. EPOC Resources for review authors, 2017., Accessed May 17, 2018; Considine, J., Botti, M., Thomas, S., Do knowledge and experience have specific roles in triage decision-making? (2007) Academic Emergency Medicine, 14 (8), pp. 722-726. , https://doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2007.04.015; Cragg, D.K., McKinley, R.K., Roland, M.O., Campbell, S.M., Van, F., Hastings, A.M., French, D.P., Roberts, C., Comparison of out of hours care provided by patients' own general practitioners and commercial deputising services: A randomised controlled trial I: The process of care (1997) BMJ, 314 (7075), pp. 187-189; Derkx, H.P., Rethans, J.J., Knottnerus, J.A., Ram, P.M., Assessing communication skills of clinical call handlers working at an out-of-hours centre: development of the RICE rating scale (2007) British Journal of General Practice, 57 (538), pp. 383-387; Eccles, G., Edwards, A., Evaluating a service improvement intervention in GP out-of-hours: Impact of 'expert triage model' (2015) Quality in Primary Care, 23 (1), pp. 9-17; Edwards, B., Seeing is believing–picture building: a key component of telephone triage (1998) Journal of Clinical Nursing, 7 (1), pp. 51-57; Foster, J., Jessopp, L., Dale, J., Concerns and confidence of general practitioners in providing telephone consultations (1999) British Journal of General Practice, 49 (439), pp. 111-113; Gale, N.K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., Redwood, S., Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research (2013) BMC Medical Research Methodology, 13, p. 117. , https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-117; van Galen, L.S., Car, J., Telephone consultations (2018) BMJ, 360, p. k1047. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1047; Gamst-Jensen, H., Lippert, F.K., Egerod, I., Under-triage in telephone consultation is related to non-normative symptom description and interpersonal communication: a mixed methods study (2017) Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 25 (1), p. 52. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-017-0390-0; Greatbatch, D., Hanlon, G., Goode, J., O'Cathain, A., Strangleman, T., Luff, D., Telephone triage, expert systems and clinical expertise (2005) Sociology of Health & Illness, 27 (6), pp. 802-830. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2005.00475.x; Greenhalgh, T., Koh, G.C.H., Car, J., COVID-19: A remote assessment in primary care (2020) BMJ, 368, p. m1182. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1182; Holmström, I., Höglund, A.T., The faceless encounter: Ethical dilemmas in telephone nursing (2007) Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16 (10), pp. 1865-1871. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01839.x; Holmström, I.K., Nokkoudenmäki, M.B., Zukancic, S., Sundler, A.J., It is important that they care - older persons' experiences of telephone advice nursing (2016) Journal of Clinical Nursing, 25 (11-12), pp. 1644-1653. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13173; Hong, Q.N., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., Boardman, F., Cargo, M., Dagenais, P., Gagnon, M.-P., Rousseau, M.C., The mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers (2018) Education for Information, 34 (4), pp. 285-291; Ismail, S.A., Gibbons, D.C., Gnani, S., Reducing inappropriate accident and emergency department attendances: a systematic review of primary care service interventions (2013) British Journal of General Practice, 63 (617), pp. e813-e820. , https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp13X675395; Lake, R., Georgiou, A., Li, J., Li, L., Byrne, M., Robinson, M., Westbrook, J.I., The quality, safety and governance of telephone triage and advice services - an overview of evidence from systematic reviews (2017) BMC Health Services Research, 17 (1), p. 614. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2564-x; Lattimer, V., George, S., Thompson, F., Thomas, E., Mullee, M., Turnbull, J., Smith, H., Glasper, A., Safety and effectiveness of nurse telephone consultation in out of hours primary care: randomised controlled trial: The South Wiltshire Out of Hours Project (SWOOP) Group (1998) BMJ, 317 (7165), pp. 1054-1059; Lopriore, S., LeCouteur, A., Ekberg, S., Ekberg, K., Delivering healthcare at a distance: Exploring the organisation of calls to a health helpline (2017) International Journal of Medical Informatics, 104, pp. 45-55. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2017.05.001; Mataxen, P.A., Webb, L.D., Telehealth nursing: More than just a phone call (2019) Nursing2020, 49 (4), pp. 11-13. , https://doi.org/10.1097/01.NURSE.0000553272.16933.4b; McCormack, L., Sheridan, S., Lewis, M., Boudewyns, V., Melvin, C.L., Kistler, C., Lux, L.J., Lohr, K.N., (2013), . Communication and dissemination strategies to facilitate the use of health-related evidence. In Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) Quality-assessed Reviews [Internet] Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (UK); Mechanic, O.J., Kimball, A.B., (2019), . Telehealth systems. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing, Treasure Island (FL); Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G., Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement (2009) PLoS Medicine, 6 (7). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097; Montandon, D.S., de Souza-Junior, V.D., Dos Santos Almeida, R.G., Marchi-Alves, L.M., Costa Mendes, I.A., de Godoy, S., How to perform prehospital emergency telephone triage: A systematic review (2019) Journal of Trauma Nursing, 26 (2), pp. 104-110. , https://doi.org/10.1097/jtn.0000000000000380; Napi, N.M., Zaidan, A.A., Zaidan, B.B., Albahri, O.S., Alsalem, M.A., Albahri, A.S., Medical emergency triage and patient prioritisation in a telemedicine environment: A systematic review (2019) Health and Technology, 9 (5), pp. 679-700. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-019-00357-w; Nzabonimpa, J.P., Quantitizing and qualitizing (im-)possibilities in mixed methods research (2018) Methodological Innovations, 11 (2). , https://doi.org/10.1177/2059799118789021; O'Cathain, A., Nicholl, J., Sampson, F., Walters, S., McDonnell, A., Munro, J., Do different types of nurses give different triage decisions in NHS Direct? A mixed methods study (2004) Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, 9 (4), pp. 226-233. , https://doi.org/10.1258/1355819042250221; Pettinari, C.J., Jessopp, L., "Your ears become your eyes": Managing the absence of visibility in NHS Direct (2001) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 36 (5), pp. 668-675; Pope, C., Halford, S., Turnbull, J., Prichard, J., Calestani, M., May, C., Using computer decision support systems in NHS emergency and urgent care: Ethnographic study using normalisation process theory (2013) BMC Health Services Research, 13, p. 111. , https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-111; Purc-Stephenson, R.J., Thrasher, C., Nurses' experiences with telephone triage and advice: A meta-ethnography (2010) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66 (3), pp. 482-494. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2010.05275.x; Richards, D.A., Godfrey, L., Tawfik, J., Ryan, M., Meakins, J., Dutton, E., Miles, J., NHS Direct versus general practice based triage for same day appointments in primary care: cluster randomised controlled trial (2004) BMJ, 329 (7469), p. 774. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38226.605995.55; Richards, D.A., Meakins, J., Tawfik, J., Godfrey, L., Dutton, E., Richardson, G., Russell, D., Nurse telephone triage for same day appointments in general practice: Multiple interrupted time series trial of effect on workload and costs (2002) BMJ, 325 (7374), p. 1214; Richards, S.H., Pound, P., Dickens, A., Greco, M., Campbell, J.L., Exploring users' experiences of accessing out-of-hours primary medical care services (2007) Quality & Safety in Health Care, 16 (6), pp. 469-477. , https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2006.021501; Roberts, A., Heaney, D., Haddow, G., O'Donnell, C.A., Implementation of a national, nurse-led telephone health service in Scotland: Assessing the consequences for remote and rural localities (2009) Rural and Remote Health, 9 (2), p. 1079; Röing, M., Holmström, I.K., Malpractice claims in Swedish telenursing: lessons learned from interviews with telenurses and managers (2015) Nursing Research, 64 (1), pp. 35-43. , https://doi.org/10.1097/NNR.0000000000000063; Ross, J., Stevenson, F., Lau, R., Murray, E., Factors that influence the implementation of e-health: A systematic review of systematic reviews (an update) (2016) Implementation Science, 11 (1), p. 146. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0510-7; Rushton, S., Boggan, J.C., Lewinski, A.A., Gordon, A.M., Shoup, J.P., Van Voorhees, E., Whited, J.D., Gierisch, J.M., (2019), . Effectiveness of Remote Triage A Systematic Review. Washington, DC Evidence Synthesis Program, Health Services Research and Development Service, Office of Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs. VA ESP Project #09-010; Saliba, V., Legido-Quigley, H., Hallik, R., Aaviksoo, A., Car, J., McKee, M., Telemedicine across borders: a systematic review of factors that hinder or support implementation (2012) International Journal of Medical Informatics, 81 (12), pp. 793-809. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2012.08.003; Shea, B.J., Bouter, L.M., Peterson, J., Boers, M., Andersson, N., Ortiz, Z., Ramsay, T., Grimshaw, J.M., External validation of a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews (AMSTAR) (2007) PLoS One, 2 (12). , https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001350; Spencer, L.M., Schooley, M.W., Anderson, L.A., Kochtitzky, C.S., DeGroff, A.S., Devlin, H.M., Mercer, S.L., Seeking best practices: A conceptual framework for planning and improving evidence-based practices (2013) Preventing Chronic Disease, 10. , https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd10.130186; Tariq, A., Westbrook, J., Byrne, M., Robinson, M., Baysari, M.T., Applying a human factors approach to improve usability of a decision support system in tele-nursing (2017) Collegian, 24 (3), pp. 227-236. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2016.02.001; Thomas, J., Harden, A., Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews (2008) BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, p. 45. , https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45; Timpka, T., Arborelius, E., The primary-care nurse's dilemmas: a study of knowledge use and need during telephone consultations (1990) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15 (12), pp. 1457-1465; du Toit, M., Malau-Aduli, B., Vangaveti, V., Sabesan, S., Ray, R.A., Use of telehealth in the management of non-critical emergencies in rural or remote emergency departments: A systematic review (2019) Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 25 (1), pp. 3-16. , https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633x17734239; Tricco, A.C., Cardoso, R., Thomas, S.M., Motiwala, S., Sullivan, S., Kealey, M.R., Hemmelgarn, B., Straus, S.E., Barriers and facilitators to uptake of systematic reviews by policy makers and health care managers: A scoping review (2016) Implementation Science, 11 (1), p. 4. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0370-1; Turnbull, J., Prichard, J., Halford, S., Pope, C., Salisbury, C., Reconfiguring the emergency and urgent care workforce: Mixed methods study of skills and the everyday work of non-clinical call-handlers in the NHS (2012) Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 17 (4), pp. 233-240. , https://doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2012.011141; Turnbull, J., Prichard, J., Pope, C., Brook, S., Rowsell, A., Risk work in NHS 111: The everyday work of managing risk in telephone assessment using a computer decision support system (2017) Health, Risk & Society, 19 (3-4), pp. 189-208. , https://doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2017.1324946; Turner, J., O'Cathain, A., Knowles, E., Nicholl, J., Impact of the urgent care telephone service NHS 111 pilot sites: A controlled before and after study (2013) BMJ Open, 3 (11). , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003451; Wahlberg, A.C., Bjorkman, A., Expert in nursing care but sometimes disrespected - telenurses' reflections on their work environment and nursing care (2018) Journal of Clinical Nursing, 27, pp. 4203-4211. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.14622; Wang, M.C., Hyun, J.K., Harrison, M.I., Shortell, S.M., Fraser, I., Redesigning Health Systems for Quality: Lessons from Emerging Practices (2006) The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 32 (11), pp. 599-611. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S1553-7250(06)32078-8; Wilt, T.J., Greer, N., Duan-Porter, W., Assessing the Effectiveness of Complex Interventions to Meet the Needs of VA Stakeholders: Experience of the Department of Veterans Affairs Evidence Synthesis Program (2019) Medical Care, 57 (10), pp. S278-s285. , https://doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000001158 PY - 2021 SN - 01606891 (ISSN) SP - 138-154 ST - Implementing remote triage in large health systems: A qualitative evidence synthesis T2 - Research in Nursing and Health TI - Implementing remote triage in large health systems: A qualitative evidence synthesis UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099898376&doi=10.1002%2fnur.22093&partnerID=40&md5=9c6e4178924dd79f18bf7339cbc0fc3f VL - 44 ID - 122 ER - TY - JOUR AB - There is a proliferation of clinical trials worldwide to find effective therapies for patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The endpoints that are currently used to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic agents against COVID-19 are focused on clinical status at a particular day or on time to a specific change of clinical status. To provide a full picture of the clinical course of a patient and make complete use of available data, we consider the trajectory of clinical status over the entire follow-up period. We also show how to combine the evidence of treatment effects on the occurrences of various clinical events. We compare the proposed and existing endpoints through extensive simulation studies. Finally, we provide guidelines on establishing the benefits of treatments. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel HillNC, United States AU - Lin, D. Y. AU - Zeng, D. AU - Eron, J. J. C2 - 32818962 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1093/cid/ciaa1231 IS - 6 J2 - Clin Infect Dis KW - clinical trials endpoints severity rating statistical power totality of evidence human COVID-19 Humans SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 PY - 2021 SN - 15376591 (ISSN) SP - 1093-1100 ST - Evaluating the Efficacy of Therapies in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 T2 - Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America TI - Evaluating the Efficacy of Therapies in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102965272&doi=10.1093%2fcid%2fciaa1231&partnerID=40&md5=fe85480281059fcd6847d2dbac5d54d5 VL - 72 ID - 62 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background: Contextual factors including poverty and inequitable gender norms harm refugee adolescent and youths’ wellbeing. Our study focused on Bidi Bidi refugee settlement that hosts more than 230,000 of Uganda’s 1.4 million refugees. We explored contextual factors associated with wellbeing among refugee adolescents and youth aged 16–24 in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement. Methods: We conducted 6 focus groups (n = 3: women, n = 3: men) and 10 individual interviews with young refugees aged 16–24 living in Bidi Bidi. We used physical distancing practices in a private outdoor space. Focus groups and individual interviews explored socio-environmental factors associated with refugee youth wellbeing. Focus groups were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded by two investigators using thematic analysis. Analysis was informed by a social contextual theoretical approach that considers the interplay between material (resource access), symbolic (cultural norms and values), and relational (social relationships) contextual factors that can enable or constrain health promotion. Results: Participants included 58 youth (29 men; 29 women), mean age was 20.9 (range 16–24). Most participants (82.8%, n = 48) were from South Sudan and the remaining from the Democratic Republic of Congo (17.2% [n = 10]). Participant narratives revealed the complex interrelationships between material, symbolic and relational contexts that shaped wellbeing. Resource constraints of poverty, food insecurity, and unemployment (material contexts) produced stress and increased sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) targeting adolescent girls and women. These economic insecurities exacerbated inequitable gender norms (symbolic contexts) to increase early marriage and transactional sex (relational context) among adolescent girls and young women. Gendered tasks such as collecting water and firewood also increased SGBV exposure among girls and young women, and this was exacerbated by deforestation. Participants reported negative community impacts (relational context) of COVID-19 that were associated with fear and panic, alongside increased social isolation due to business, school and church closures. Conclusions: Resource scarcity produced pervasive stressors among refugee adolescents and youth. Findings signal the importance of gender transformative approaches to SGBV prevention that integrate attention to resource scarcity. These may be particularly relevant in the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings signal the importance of developing health enabling social contexts with and for refugee adolescents and youth. © 2021, The Author(s). AD - Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada Women’s College Research Institute, Women’s College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada School of Social Work, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 325 Pittsboro St, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3550, United States International Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda Uganda Refugee & Disaster Management Council, Yumbe, Uganda AIDS Control Program, Ministry of Health, Plot 6, Lourdel Road, Nakasero, Kampala, Uganda Most At Risk Population Initiative Clinic, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda AU - Logie, C. H. AU - Okumu, M. AU - Latif, M. AU - Musoke, D. K. AU - Odong Lukone, S. AU - Mwima, S. AU - Kyambadde, P. C7 - 3 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1186/s13031-020-00336-3 IS - 1 J2 - Confl. Health KW - Adolescents COVID-19 Food insecurity Psychosocial stress Refugee youth Sexual and gender-based violence Substance use Uganda Water insecurity LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Logie, C.H.; Factor Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, 246 Bloor Street West, Canada; email: carmen.logie@utoronto.ca Funding details: Canada Research Chairs Funding details: Grand Challenges Canada, GCC, R-ST-POC-1908-26653 Funding details: Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, MRI Funding text 1: This work was supported by Grand Challenges Canada’s Stars in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights fund (grant number R-ST-POC-1908-26653). Logie is also supported by Canada Foundation for Innovation, Canada Research Chairs, and the Ontario Ministry of Research & Innovation. Funders played no role in the design of the study or collection, analysis, interpretation of data, or writing the manuscript. Funding text 2: We acknowledge all of the peer navigators and participants, as well as collaborating agencies: Uganda Refugee Disaster and Management Council (URDMC), Ugandan Ministry of Health, Office of the Prime Minister, Most At Risk Populations Initiative (MARPI), and International Research Consortium.?We would like to thank Nelson Kisubi for his invaluable assistance with study?coordination.?We would like to acknowledge the scientific illustration for Fig. 1 that was?produced by the?Designs that Cell illustration company. References: Jaafar, H., Ahmad, F., Holtmeier, L., King-Okumu, C., Refugees, water balance, and water stress: Lessons learned from Lebanon (2020) Ambio, 49 (6), pp. 1179-1193; Cronin, A.A., Shrestha, D., Cornier, N., Abdalla, F., Ezard, N., Aramburu, C., A review of water and sanitation provision in refugee camps in association with selected health and nutrition indicators--the need for integrated service provision (2008) J Water Health, 6 (1), pp. 1-13. , https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article-pdf/6/1/1/396896/1.pdf, COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2snntleqtw%3D%3D, PID: 17998603, Available from: https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article-pdf/6/1/1/396896/1.pdf; Leddy, A.M., Weiser, S.D., Palar, K., Seligman, H., A conceptual model for understanding the rapid COVID-19–related increase in food insecurity and its impact on health and healthcare (2020) Am J Clin Nutr, , https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa226/5882672, Available from; (2020) The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020: Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets, , FAO, Rome: Available from: https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9692en; Wutich, A., Brewis, A., Food, water, and scarcity: toward a broader anthropology of resource insecurity (2014) Curr Anthropol, 55 (4), pp. 444-468; (2020) Forced displacement in 2018, , https://www.unhcr.org/5d08d7ee7.pdf, UNHCR, Available from; Water, U.N., (2018) Sustainable development goal 6: synthesis report 2018 on water and sanitation, p. 195. , United Nations, New York; Weiser, S.D., Young, S.L., Cohen, C.R., Kushel, M.B., Tsai, A.C., Tien, P.C., Conceptual framework for understanding the bidirectional links between food insecurity and HIV/AIDS (2011) Am J Clin Nutr, 94 (6), pp. 1729S-1739S. , https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-pdf/94/6/1729S/23873811/1729s.pdf, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsFKls7nL, PID: 22089434, Available from: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article-pdf/94/6/1729S/23873811/1729s.pdf; Tsai, A.C., Bangsberg, D.R., Frongillo, E.A., Hunt, P.W., Muzoora, C., Martin, J.N., Food insecurity, depression and the modifying role of social support among people living with HIV/AIDS in rural Uganda (2012) Soc Sci Med, 74 (12), pp. 2012-2019. , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3348339/, PID: 22513248, Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3348339/; Cooper-Vince, C.E., Arachy, H., Kakuhikire, B., Vořechovská, D., Mushavi, R.C., Baguma, C., Water insecurity and gendered risk for depression in rural Uganda: a hotspot analysis (2018) BMC Public Health, 18 (1), p. 1143. , https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-6043-z, PID: 30257659; Roberts, B., Ocaka, K.F., Browne, J., Oyok, T., Sondorp, E., Factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression amongst internally displaced persons in northern Uganda (2008) BMC Psychiatry, 8 (1), p. 38; Brewis, A., Wutich, A., Why we should never do it: Stigma as a behaviour change tool in global health (2019) BMJ Glob Health, 4 (5). , https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/why-we-should-never-do-it-stigma-as-a-behaviour-change-tool-in-gl, PID: 31750003, Available from: https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/why-we-should-never-do-it-stigma-as-a-behaviour-change-tool-in-gl; Horn, R., Puffer, E.S., Roesch, E., Lehmann, H., Women’s perceptions of effects of war on intimate partner violence and gender roles in two post-conflict West African Countries: consequences and unexpected opportunities (2014) Confl Heal, 8 (1), p. 12; Mootz, J.J., Stark, L., Meyer, E., Asghar, K., Roa, A.H., Potts, A., Examining intersections between violence against women and violence against children: perspectives of adolescents and adults in displaced Colombian communities (2019) Confl Heal, 13 (1), p. 25; Logie, C.H., Daniel, C., Ahmed, U., Lash, R., ‘Life under the tent is not safe, especially for young women’: understanding intersectional violence among internally displaced youth in Leogane, Haiti (2017) Glob Health Action, 10 (sup2), p. 1270816. , https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/16549716.2017.1270816, PID: 5645722; Logie, C., Okumu, M., Mwima, S., Hakiza, R., Irungi, K.P., Kyambadde, P., Social ecological factors associated with experiencing violence among urban refugee and displaced adolescent girls and young women in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study (2019) Confl Heal, 13, p. 60; Hatcher, A.M., Stöckl, H., McBride, R.-S., Khumalo, M., Christofides, N., Pathways from food insecurity to intimate partner violence perpetration among Peri-urban men in South Africa (2019) Am J Prev Med, 56 (5), pp. 765-772. , https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(19)30036-4/abstract, PID: 30905482, Available from: https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(19)30036-4/abstract; Bisung, E., Elliott, S.J., Psychosocial impacts of the lack of access to water and sanitation in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review (2017) J Water Health, 15 (1), pp. 17-30. , https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article/15/1/17/28427/Psychosocial-impacts-of-the-lack-of-access-to, PID: 28151436, Available from: https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article/15/1/17/28427/Psychosocial-impacts-of-the-lack-of-access-to; Stevenson, E.G.J., Greene, L.E., Maes, K.C., Ambelu, A., Tesfaye, Y.A., Rheingans, R., Water insecurity in 3 dimensions: an anthropological perspective on water and women’s psychosocial distress in Ethiopia (2012) Soc Sci Med, 75 (2), pp. 392-400. , https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3394402?pdf=render, PID: 22575697, Available from: https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3394402?pdf=render; Krumdieck, N.R., Collins, S.M., Wekesa, P., Mbullo, P., Boateng, G.O., Onono, M., Household water insecurity is associated with a range of negative consequences among pregnant Kenyan women of mixed HIV status (2016) J Water Health, 14 (6), pp. 1028-1031. , https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article-pdf/14/6/1028/394146/jwh0141028.pdf, PID: 27959881, Available from: https://iwaponline.com/jwh/article-pdf/14/6/1028/394146/jwh0141028.pdf; Mukuhlani, T., Nyamupingidza, M., Water Scarcity in Communities, Coping Strategies and Mitigation Measures: The Case of Bulawayo (2014) J Sustain Dev, 7 (1), p. 144. , http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/29695, Available from: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/29695; Bisung, E., Elliott, S.J., ‘Everyone is exhausted and frustrated’: exploring psychosocial impacts of the lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation in Usoma, Kenya (2016) J Water Sanit Hyg Dev, 6 (2), pp. 205-214. , https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article/6/2/205/30124/Everyone-is-exhausted-and-frustrated-exploring, Available from: https://iwaponline.com/washdev/article/6/2/205/30124/Everyone-is-exhausted-and-frustrated-exploring; Stoler, J., Wendy, J., Wutich, A., Beyond handwashing: Water insecurity undermines COVID-19 response in developing areas (2020) J Glob Health, 10 (1), pp. 19-22; Maxfield, A., Testing the theoretical similarities between food and water insecurity: Buffering hypothesis and effects on mental wellbeing (2020) Soc Sci Med, 244 (February 2019); De Bellis, M.D., Developmental traumatology: the psychobiological development of maltreated children and its implications for research, treatment, and policy (2001) Dev Psychopathol, 13 (3), pp. 539-564. , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11523847, PID: 11523847, Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11523847; De Bellis, M.D., Keshavan, M.S., Clark, D.B., Casey, B.J., Giedd, J.N., Boring, A.M., Developmental traumatology. Part II: brain development (1999) Biol Psychiatry, 45 (10), pp. 1271-1284. , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10349033, PID: 10349033, Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10349033; Decker, M.R., Latimore, A.D., Yasutake, S., Haviland, M., Ahmed, S., Blum, R.W., Gender-based violence against adolescent and young adult women in low- and middle-income countries (2015) J Adolesc Health, 56 (2), pp. 188-196. , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X14003838, PID: 25620301, Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X14003838; Noble, E., Ward, L., French, S., Falb, K., State of the evidence: a systematic review of approaches to reduce gender-based violence and support the empowerment of adolescent girls in humanitarian settings (2019) Trauma Violence Abuse, 20 (3), pp. 428-434. , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29334024, PID: 29334024, Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29334024; Orcutt, M., Patel, P., Burns, R., Hiam, L., Aldridge, R., Devakumar, D., Global call to action for inclusion of migrants and refugees in the COVID-19 response (2020) Lancet, , https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673620309715, Available from; Alawa, J., Alawa, N., Coutts, A., Sullivan, R., Khoshnood, K., Fouad, F.M., Addressing COVID-19 in humanitarian settings: a call to action (2020) Confl Heal, 14 (1), pp. 1-4; Singh, L., Singh, N.S., Nezafat Maldonado, B., Tweed, S., Blanchet, K., Graham, W.J., What does ‘leave no one behind’ mean for humanitarian crises-affected populations in the COVID-19 pandemic? (2020) BMJ Glob Health, 5 (4). , http://gh.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002540, PID: 7222575; Kluge, H.H.P., Jakab, Z., Bartovic, J., D’Anna, V., Severoni, S., Refugee and migrant health in the COVID-19 response (2020) Lancet, 395 (10232), pp. 1237-1239. , https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673620307911, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXmt1SltLY%3D, PID: 32243777, Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140673620307911; Kola, L., Global mental health and COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Psychiatry, 366 (20), pp. 19-20. , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32502468%0A, Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32502468%0A http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC7266571; Charlson, F., van Ommeren, M., Flaxman, A., Cornett, J., Whiteford, H., Saxena, S., New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) Lancet, 394 (10194), pp. 240-248. , http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673619309341, PID: 31200992, Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673619309341; Singh, N.S., Abrahim, O., Altare, C., Blanchet, K., Favas, C., Odlum, A., COVID-19 in humanitarian settings: documenting and sharing context-specific programmatic experiences (2020) Confl Heal, 14 (1), p. 79. , https://conflictandhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13031-020-00321-w; (2020) UNHCR warns second wave of COVID pandemic driving further violence against refugee women and girls, pp. 1-6; (2019) Uganda Comprehensive Refugee Response Portal, , https://ugandarefugees.org/en/country/uga, Available from: https://ugandarefugees.org/en/country/uga; (2020) Uganda Refugee Statistics October 2020 Bidi Bidi. 2019;(October), , https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/72292, Available from: https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/72292; (2020) Performance Snapshot Bidi Bidi, , https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/76226, Nov, 2020;4(May 2019):2019–20, Available from; Attride-Stirling, J., Thematic networks: an analytic tool for qualitative research (2001) Qual Res, 1 (3), pp. 385-405. , http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1986464787?accountid=14771, Available from: http://myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1986464787?accountid=14771 http://bf4dv7zn3u.search.serialssolutions.com?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&rfr_id=info:sid/ProQ%3Asocabs&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fm; Anderson, C.A., Bushman, B.J., Bandura, A., Braun, V., Clarke, V., Bussey, K., Using thematic analysis in psychology (2014) Psychiatr Q, 887 (1), pp. 37-41. , http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752478, Available from; Campbell, C., Cornish, F., How can community health programmes build enabling environments for transformative communication? Experiences from India and South Africa (2012) AIDS Behav, 16 (4), pp. 847-857. , https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/29002/1/How_can_community_health_programmes_build_enabling_environments_for_transformative_communication_%28LSERO_version%29.pdf, PID: 21604108, Available from: https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/29002/1/How_can_community_health_programmes_build_enabling_environments_for_transformative_communication_%28LSERO_version%29.pdf; Freire, P., (1972) Pedagogy of the oppressed, , Penguin, Harmondsworth; Daniel, C., Logie, C., Contexts of risk: a photo-voice study of Haitian youth perceptions of their HIV risk (2016) Glob Soc Welf, 3 (4), pp. 255-267; Gibbs, A., Jewkes, R., Sikweyiya, Y., I tried to resist and avoid bad friends”: the role of social contexts in shaping the transformation of masculinities in a gender transformative and livelihood strengthening intervention in South Africa (2018) Men Masculinities, 21 (4), pp. 501-520; Gibbs, A., Sikweyiya, Y., Jewkes, R., Men value their dignity”: securing respect and identity construction in urban informal settlements in South Africa (2015) Glob Health Action, 8 (1), pp. 1-10; Stark, L., Seff, I., Reis, C., Review gender-based violence against adolescent girls in humanitarian settings: a review of the evidence (2020) Lancet, 4642 (20), pp. 1-13; Horn, R., Exploring the impact of displacement and encampment on domestic violence in Kakuma refugee camp (2010) J Refug Stud, 23 (3), pp. 356-376; Patrick, E., Sexual violence and firewood collection in Darfur (2006) Forced Migr Rev, 27, pp. 40-41; (2012) A sexual and gender-based violence rapid assessment: Doro Refugee Camp, Upper Nile State, South Sudan, , (July; (2014) Statistical Snapshot: Access to Improved Cookstoves and Fuels and Its Impact on women’s Safety in Crises, (May 2010), pp. 1-3. , http://cleancookstoves.org/binary-data/RESOURCE/file/000/000/353-1.pdf PY - 2021 SN - 17521505 (ISSN) ST - Exploring resource scarcity and contextual influences on wellbeing among young refugees in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement, Uganda: findings from a qualitative study T2 - Conflict and Health TI - Exploring resource scarcity and contextual influences on wellbeing among young refugees in Bidi Bidi refugee settlement, Uganda: findings from a qualitative study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85098852783&doi=10.1186%2fs13031-020-00336-3&partnerID=40&md5=917c92f41a2df7bd202162b5567cb257 VL - 15 ID - 14 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Purpose Heterogeneity has been observed in outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Identification of clinical phenotypes may facilitate tailored therapy and improve outcomes. The purpose of this study is to identify specific clinical phenotypes across COVID-19 patients and compare admission characteristics and outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients from March 7, 2020 to August 25, 2020 at 14 U.S. hospitals. Ensemble clustering was performed on 33 variables collected within 72 hours of admission. Principal component analysis was performed to visualize variable contributions to clustering. Multinomial regression models were fit to compare patient comorbidities across phenotypes. Multivariable models were fit to estimate associations between phenotype and in-hospital complications and clinical outcomes. Results The database included 1,022 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Three clinical phenotypes were identified (I, II, III), with 236 [23.1%] patients in phenotype I, 613 [60%] patients in phenotype II, and 173 [16.9%] patients in phenotype III. Patients with respiratory comorbidities were most commonly phenotype III (p = 0.002), while patients with hematologic, renal, and cardiac (all p<0.001) comorbidities were most commonly phenotype I. Adjusted odds of respiratory, renal, hepatic, metabolic (all p<0.001), and hematological (p = 0.02) complications were highest for phenotype I. Phenotypes I and II were associated with 7.30- fold (HR:7.30, 95% CI:(3.11-17.17), p<0.001) and 2.57-fold (HR:2.57, 95% CI:(1.10-6.00), p = 0.03) increases in hazard of death relative to phenotype III. Conclusion We identified three clinical COVID-19 phenotypes, reflecting patient populations with different comorbidities, complications, and clinical outcomes. Future research is needed to determine the utility of these phenotypes in clinical practice and trial design. © 2021 Lusczek et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. AD - Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States Department of Surgery, North Memorial Health Hospital, Robbinsdale, MN, United States AU - Lusczek, E. R. AU - Ingraham, N. E. AU - Karam, B. S. AU - Proper, J. AU - Siegel, L. AU - Helgeson, E. S. AU - Lotfi-Emran, S. AU - Zolfaghari, E. J. AU - Jones, E. AU - Usher, M. G. AU - Chipman, J. G. AU - Dudley, R. A. AU - Benson, B. AU - Melton, G. B. AU - Charles, A. AU - Lupei, M. I. AU - Tignanelli, C. J. C2 - 33788884 C7 - e0248956 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0248956 IS - 3 March 2021 J2 - PLoS ONE KW - aged comorbidity complication epidemiology female human male middle aged phenotype retrospective study COVID-19 Humans Retrospective Studies LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: POLNC Correspondence Address: Ingraham, N.E.; Department of Medicine, United States; email: ingra107@umn.edu References: Wu, Z, McGoogan, JM, Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2020) JAMA; Ingraham, NE, Lotfi-Emran, S, Thielen, BK, Techar, K, Morris, RS, Holtan, SG, Immunomodulation in COVID-19 (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 544-546. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30226-5, PMID: 32380023; Ingraham, NE, Tignanelli, CJ, Fact Versus Science Fiction: Fighting Coronavirus Disease 2019 Requires the Wisdom to Know the Difference (2020) Crit Care Explor, 2, p. E0108. , https://doi.org/10.1097/CCE.0000000000000108, PMID: 32426750; Group, RC, Horby, P, Lim, WS, Emberson, JR, Mafham, M, Bell, JL, Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19-Preliminary Report (2020) The New England journal of medicine; Wiersinga, WJ, Rhodes, A, Cheng, AC, Peacock, SJ, Prescott, HC, Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review (2020) JAMA; Li, X, Ma, X, Acute respiratory failure in COVID-19: Is it "typical" ARDS? (2020) Crit Care, 24, p. 198. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02911-9, PMID: 32375845; Diehl, JL, Peron, N, Chocron, R, Debuc, B, Guerot, E, Hauw-Berlemont, C, Respiratory mechanics and gas exchanges in the early course of COVID-19 ARDS: A hypothesis-generating study (2020) Ann Intensive Care, 10, p. 95. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00716-1, PMID: 32676824; Arentz, M, Yim, E, Klaff, L, Lokhandwala, S, Riedo, FX, Chong, M, Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington State (2020) Jama, 323, pp. 1612-1614. , https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4326, PMID: 32191259; Qin, C, Zhou, L, Hu, Z, Zhang, S, Yang, S, Tao, Y, Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) Clinical Infectious Diseases, , https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa248, PMID: 32161940; Wu, C, Chen, X, Cai, Y, Zhou, X, Xu, S, Huang, H, Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA internal medicine, , https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994, PMID: 32167524; Huang, C, Wang, Y, Li, X, Ren, L, Zhao, J, Hu, Y, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) The lancet, 395, pp. 497-506; Little, RJA, Rubin, DB., (1987) Statistical analysis with missing data, xiv, p. 278. , New York: Wiley; van Buuren Karin Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Stef, mice: Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations in R (2011) Journal of Statistical Software, 45 (3), pp. 1-67. , https://www.jstatsoft.org/v45/i03/; Derek, Chiu, Aline, Talhouk, (2020) diceR: Diverse Cluster Ensemble in R, , https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=diceR, R package version 1.0.0; Nassiri, V, Lovik, A, Molenberghs, G, Verbeke, G, On using multiple imputation for exploratory factor analysis of incomplete data (2018) Behav Res Methods, 50, pp. 501-517. , https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-017-1013-4, PMID: 29392587; Bramante, C, Ingraham, N, Murray, T, Marmor, S, Hoversten, S, Gronski, J, Observational Study of Metformin and Risk of Mortality in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 (2020), p. 20135095. , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.19.20135095, medRxiv: 2020.2006.2019. PMID: 32607520; Jin, JM, Bai, P, He, W, Wu, F, Liu, XF, Han, DM, Gender Differences in Patients With COVID-19: Focus on Severity and Mortality (2020) Front Public Health, 8, p. 152. , https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00152, PMID: 32411652; Ingraham, NE, Purcell, LN, Karam, BS, Dudley, RA, Usher, MG, Warlick, CA, Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Hospital Admissions from COVID-19 and Determining the Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation and Primary Language (2020), p. 20185983. , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.02.20185983, medRxiv: 2020.2009.2002. PMID: 32909015; Elixhauser, A, Steiner, C, Harris, DR, Coffey, RM, Comorbidity measures for use with administrative data (1998) Medical care, pp. 8-27. , https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199801000-00004, PMID: 9431328; Gu, Z, Gu, L, Eils, R, Schlesner, M, Brors, B, circlize implements and enhances circular visualization in R (2014) Bioinformatics, 30, pp. 2811-2812. , https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu393, PMID: 24930139; (2020) R: A language and environment for statistical computing, , https://www.R-project.org/, R Core Team R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Petrilli, CM, Jones, SA, Yang, J, Rajagopalan, H, O'Donnell, L, Chernyak, Y, Factors associated with hospital admission and critical illness among 5279 people with coronavirus disease 2019 in New York City: Prospective cohort study (2020) BMJ, 369, p. M1966. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1966, PMID: 32444366; Zhou, F, Yu, T, Du, R, Fan, G, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3, PMID: 32171076; Ye, W, Chen, G, Li, X, Lan, X, Ji, C, Hou, M, Dynamic changes of D-dimer and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio as prognostic biomarkers in COVID-19 (2020) Respir Res, 21, p. 169. , https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-020-01428-7, PMID: 32620118; Tian, W, Jiang, W, Yao, J, Nicholson, CJ, Li, RH, Sigurslid, HH, Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) J Med Virol, , https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26050, PMID: 32441789; Shi, S, Qin, M, Shen, B, Cai, Y, Liu, T, Yang, F, Association of Cardiac Injury With Mortality in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Cardiol; Yang, X, Yu, Y, Xu, J, Shu, H, Xia, J, Liu, H, Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A single-centered, retrospective, observational study (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 475-481. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5, PMID: 32105632; Ingraham, NE, Barakat, AG, Reilkoff, R, Bezdicek, T, Schacker, T, Chipman, JG, Understanding the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-SARS-CoV-Axis: A Comprehensive Review (2020) Eur Respir J, p. 2000912. , https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00912-2020, PMID: 32341103; Tignanelli, CJ, Ingraham, NE, Sparks, MA, Reilkoff, R, Bezdicek, T, Benson, B, Antihypertensive drugs and risk of COVID-19? (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. E30-e31. , https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30153-3, PMID: 32222166; Kuo, CP L., Atkins, JC, (2020) COVID-19 severity is predicted by earlier evidence of accelerated aging, , Medrxiv; Azoulay, E, Zafrani, L, Mirouse, A, Lengline, E, Darmon, M, Chevret, S, Clinical phenotypes of critically ill COVID-19 patients (2020) Intensive Care Med, 46, pp. 1651-1652. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06120-4, PMID: 32468086; Yang, M, Xie, L, Liu, X, Hao, Q, Jiang, J, Dong, B, The gamma gap predicts 4-year all-cause mortality among nonagenarians and centenarians (2018) Sci Rep, 8, p. 1046. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19534-4, PMID: 29348636 PY - 2021 SN - 19326203 (ISSN) ST - Characterizing COVID-19 clinical phenotypes and associated comorbidities and complication profiles T2 - PLoS ONE TI - Characterizing COVID-19 clinical phenotypes and associated comorbidities and complication profiles UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103581231&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0248956&partnerID=40&md5=925acc4aa128d9b46aa41b082d788184 VL - 16 ID - 67 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Ultraviolet (UV) devices emitting UVC irradiation (200-280 nm) have proven to be effective for virus disinfection, especially on surfaces and in air, due to their rapid effectiveness and limited to no material corrosion. Numerous studies of UV-induced inactivation focused on nonenveloped viruses. Little is known about UVC action on enveloped viruses across UVC wavelengths. In this study, we determined inactivation efficiencies of two coronaviruses (ssRNA) and an enveloped dsRNA bacteriophage surrogate in buffered aqueous solution (pH 7.4) using five commonly available UVC devices that uniquely emit light at different wavelengths spanning 222 nm emitting krypton chloride (KrCl*) excimers to 282 nm emitting UVC LEDs. Our results show that enveloped viruses can be effectively inactivated using UVC devices, among which the KrCl∗ excimer had the best disinfection performance (i.e., highest inactivation rate) for all three enveloped viruses. The coronaviruses exhibited similar sensitivities to UV irradiation across the UVC range, whereas the bacteriophage surrogate was much more resistant and exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to the Far UVC (<230 nm) irradiation. This study provides necessary information and guidance for using UVC devices for enveloped virus disinfection, which may help control virus transmission in public spaces during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. © 2021 American Chemical Society. AD - Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Dr., Boulder, CO 80303, United States Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, 2959 W. Calle Agua Nueva, Tucson, AZ 85745, United States Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States AU - Ma, B. AU - Linden, Y. S. AU - Gundy, P. M. AU - Gerba, C. P. AU - Sobsey, M. D. AU - Linden, K. G. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00178 J2 - Environ. Sci. Techno. Lett. KW - Bacteriophages Corrosion Disinfection Irradiation Coronaviruses Enveloped virus Inactivation efficiency Material corrosion Public space UV irradiation Uv-c irradiations Virus transmission Chlorine compounds LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Linden, K.G.; Department of Civil, 4001 Discovery Dr., United States; email: karl.linden@colorado.edu Funding details: National Science Foundation, NSF, CBET 2029695 Funding text 1: Financial support for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation, Grant CBET 2029695. We thank Dr. Michael Fisher and Emanuele Sozzi for providing bacteriophage Phi6 and Pseudomonas syringae. We thank Dr. Mark Hernandez for his technical input and providing MHV and the DBT cell line. We also thank Dr. Alina Handorean and Marina Nieto-Caballero for help in the development of MHV propagation and infectivity assay methods. References: Fehr, A.R., Perlman, S., Coronaviruses: An Overview of Their Replication and Pathogenesis (2015) Methods Mol. Biol., 1282, pp. 1-23; Couch, R.B., Cate, T.R., Douglas, R.G., Gerone, P.J., Knight, V., Effect of Route of Inoculation on Experimental Respiratory Viral Disease in Volunteers and Evidence for Airborne Transmission (1966) Bacteriol. Rev., 30 (3), pp. 517-529; Pitol, A.K., Julian, T.R., Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by Fomites: Risks and Risk Reduction Strategies (2021) Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 8, pp. 263-269; Kramer, A., Assadian, O., Survival of Microorganisms on Inanimate Surfaces (2014) Use of Biocidal Surfaces for Reduction of Healthcare Acquired Infections, pp. 7-26. , Springer International Publishing: Cham; Van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D.H., Holbrook, M.G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B.N., Tamin, A., Munster, V.J., Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1564-1567; Beck, S.E., Rodriguez, R.A., Linden, K.G., Hargy, T.M., Larason, T.C., Wright, H.B., Wavelength Dependent UV Inactivation and DNA Damage of Adenovirus as Measured by Cell Culture Infectivity and Long Range Quantitative PCR (2014) Environ. Sci. Technol., 48 (1), pp. 591-598; Hull, N.M., Linden, K.G., Synergy of MS2 Disinfection by Sequential Exposure to Tailored UV Wavelengths (2018) Water Res., 143, pp. 292-300; Linden, K.G., Hull, N., Speight, V., Thinking Outside the Treatment Plant: UV for Water Distribution System Disinfection (2019) Acc. Chem. Res., , acs.accounts.9b00060; Beck, S.E., Ryu, H., Boczek, L.A., Cashdollar, J.L., Jeanis, K.M., Rosenblum, J.S., Lawal, O.R., Linden, K.G., Evaluating UV-C LED Disinfection Performance and Investigating Potential Dual-Wavelength Synergy (2017) Water Res., 109, pp. 207-216; Kowalski, W., (2009) Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Handbook: UVGI for Air and Surface Disinfection, , Springer; Tenkate, T.D., Ultraviolet Radiation: Human Exposure and Health Risks (1998) J. Environ. Health, 61 (2), p. 9; Zaffina, S., Camisa, V., Lembo, M., Vinci, M.R., Tucci, M.G., Borra, M., Napolitano, A., Cannatã, V., Accidental Exposure to UV Radiation Produced by Germicidal Lamp: Case Report and Risk Assessment (2012) Photochem. Photobiol., 88 (4), pp. 1001-1004; Buonannoa, M., Ponnaiyaa, B., Welcha, D., Stanislauskasb, M., Randers-Pehrsona, G., Smilenova, L., Lowyc, F.D., Brennera, D.J., Germicidal Efficacy and Mammalian Skin Safety of 222-Nm UV Light (2017) Radiat. Res., 187 (4), pp. 483-491; Buonanno, M., Welch, D., Shuryak, I., Brenner, D.J., Far-UVC Light (222 Nm) Efficiently and Safely Inactivates Airborne Human Coronaviruses (2020) Sci. Rep., 10 (1), p. 10285; Narita, K., Asano, K., Morimoto, Y., Igarashi, T., Nakane, A., Chronic Irradiation with 222-Nm UVC Light Induces Neither DNA Damage nor Epidermal Lesions in Mouse Skin, even at High Doses (2018) PLoS One, 13 (7), p. 0201259; Eischeid, A.C., Linden, K.G., Molecular Indications of Protein Damage in Adenoviruses after UV Disinfection (2011) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 77 (3), pp. 1145-1147; Beck, S.E., Hull, N.M., Poepping, C., Linden, K.G., Wavelength-Dependent Damage to Adenoviral Proteins across the Germicidal UV Spectrum (2018) Environ. Sci. Technol., 52 (1), pp. 223-229; Gelderblom, H.R., Baron, S., Chapter 41. Structure and Classification of Viruses (1996) Medical Microbiology, , 4th ed. University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; Bolton, J.R., Linden, K.G., Standardization of Methods for Fluence (UV Dose) Determination in Bench-Scale UV Experiments (2003) J. Environ. Eng., 129 (3), pp. 209-215; Setlow, R., Doyle, B., The Action of Monochromatic Ultaviolet Light on Proteins (1957) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 24 (C), pp. 27-41; Voet, D., Gratzer, W.B., Cox, R.A., Doty, P., Absorption Spectra of Nucleotides, Polynucleotides, and Nucleic Acids in the Far Ultraviolet (1963) Biopolymers, 1 (3), pp. 193-208; Linden, K.G., Darby, J.L., Estimating Effective Germicidal Dose from Medium Pressure UV Lamps (1997) J. Environ. Eng., 123 (11), pp. 1142-1149; Ye, Y., Chang, P.H., Hartert, J., Wigginton, K.R., Reactivity of Enveloped Virus Genome, Proteins, and Lipids with Free Chlorine and UV254 (2018) Environ. Sci. Technol., 52 (14), pp. 7698-7708; Rockey, N.C., Henderson, J.B., Chin, K., Raskin, L., Wigginton, K.R., Predictive Modeling of Virus Inactivation by UV (2021) Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, p. 3322; Kowalski, W., Bahnfleth, W., Hernandez, M., A Genomic Model for Predicting the Ultraviolet Susceptibility of Viruses (2009) IUVA News, 11 (2), pp. 15-28. , June; Rodriguez, R.A., Bounty, S., Beck, S., Chan, C., McGuire, C., Linden, K.G., Photoreactivation of Bacteriophages after UV Disinfection: Role of Genome Structure and Impacts of UV Source (2014) Water Res., 55, pp. 143-149; Smith, K.C., Hanawalt, P.C., Horecker, B., Kaplan, N.O., Marmur, J., Photochemistry of the Nucleic Acids (1969) Molecular Photobiology: Inactivation and Recovery, , 1st ed. Elsevier; Pearson, M., Johns, H.E., Suppression of Hydrate and Dimer Formation in Ultraviolet-Irradiated Poly (A + U) Relative to Poly U (1966) J. Mol. Biol., 20 (2), pp. 215-229; Beck, S.E., Rodriguez, R.A., Hawkins, M.A., Hargy, T.M., Larason, T.C., Linden, K.G., Comparison of UV-Induced Inactivation and RNA Damage in MS2 Phage across the Germicidal UV Spectrum (2016) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 82 (5), pp. 1468-1474; Hull, N.M., Linden, K.G., Synergy of MS2 Disinfection by Sequential Exposure to Tailored UV Wavelengths (2018) Water Res., 143, pp. 292-300; Beck, S.E., Wright, H.B., Hargy, T.M., Larason, T.C., Linden, K.G., Action Spectra for Validation of Pathogen Disinfection in Medium-Pressure Ultraviolet (UV) Systems (2015) Water Res., 70, pp. 27-37; Jagger, J., (1985) Solar-UV Actions on Living Cells, , Praeger Publishers: New York; Bianco, A., Biasin, M., Pareschi, G., Cavalleri, A., Cavatorta, C., Fenizia, F., Galli, P., Clerici, M., UV-C Irradiation Is Highly Effective in Inactivating and Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 Replication (2020) SSRN Electron. J., pp. 1-9; Kim, K., Jothikumar, N., Sen, A., Murphy, J.L., Chellam, S., Removal and Inactivation of an Enveloped Virus Surrogate by Iron Conventional Coagulation and Electrocoagulation (2021) Environ. Sci. Technol., 55, p. 2674; Silverman, A.I., Boehm, A.B., Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Persistence and Disinfection of Human Coronaviruses and Their Viral Surrogates in Water and Wastewater (2020) Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 7, p. 544; Aquino De Carvalho, N., Stachler, E.N., Cimabue, N., Bibby, K., Evaluation of Phi6 Persistence and Suitability as an Enveloped Virus Surrogate (2017) Environ. Sci. Technol., 51 (15), pp. 8692-8700; Buonanno, M., Randers-Pehrson, G., Bigelow, A.W., Trivedi, S., Lowy, F.D., Spotnitz, H.M., Hammer, S.M., Brenner, D.J., 207-Nm UV Light - A Promising Tool for Safe Low-Cost Reduction of Surgical Site Infections. I: In Vitro Studies (2013) PLoS One, 8 (10), p. 76968; (2018) Threshold Limit Values (TLV®) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs®), , https://books.google.com/books/about/2018_TLVs_and_BEIs.html?id=RNR_tQEACAAJ, accessed March 2021; Tseng, C.C., Li, C.S., Inactivation of Viruses on Surfaces by Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (2007) J. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 4 (6), pp. 400-405; Walker, C.M., Ko, G., Effect of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation on Viral Aerosols (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol., 41 (15), pp. 5460-5465; Kitagawa, H., Nomura, T., Nazmul, T., Omori, K., Shigemoto, N., Sakaguchi, T., Ohge, H., Effectiveness of 222-Nm Ultraviolet Light on Disinfecting SARS-CoV-2 Surface Contamination (2021) Am. J. Infect. Control, 49, pp. 299-301; Kitagawa, H., Nomura, T., Nazmul, T., Kawano, R., Omori, K., Shigemoto, N., Sakaguchi, T., Ohge, H., Effect of Intermittent Irradiation and Fluence-Response of 222 Nm Ultraviolet Light on SARS-CoV-2 Contamination (2021) Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 33, p. 102184 PY - 2021 SN - 23288930 (ISSN) ST - Inactivation of Coronaviruses and Phage Phi6 from Irradiation across UVC Wavelengths T2 - Environmental Science and Technology Letters TI - Inactivation of Coronaviruses and Phage Phi6 from Irradiation across UVC Wavelengths UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103768681&doi=10.1021%2facs.estlett.1c00178&partnerID=40&md5=ffc68ae8e8a41b71734b8cc8efe6d5ae ID - 149 ER - TY - JOUR AB - While researchers have acknowledged the potential role of environmental scientists, engineers, and industrial hygienists during this pandemic, the role of the water utility professional is often overlooked. The wastewater sector is critical to public health protection and employs collection and treatment system workers who perform tasks with high potential for exposures to biological agents. While various technical guidances and reports have initially provided direction to the water sector, the rapidly growing body of research publications necessitates the constant review of these papers and data synthesis. This paper presents the latest findings and highlights their implications from a water and wastewater utility operation and management perspective. Practitioner points: Extrapolation from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, as well as other surrogates, has helped predicting SARS-CoV-2 behavior and risk management. Data from treated wastewater effluent suggest that current processes are sufficient for SARS-CoV-2 control. Scientific evidence supports the possibility of fecal–oral transmission for SARS-CoV-2. Limited evidence supports the potential survival of infective SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces and in aerosols and the efficacy of control measures at reducing transmission. Protective practices and PPE can protect workers from SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens found in wastewater. © 2020 Water Environment Federation AD - EPCOR Water Services Inc, Edmonton, AB, Canada Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States Supervising Engineer at the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Los Angeles, CA, United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States Distinguished of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States AE2S, Saint Joseph, MN, United States Gray and Osborne, Seattle, WA, United States Tulane University and Instructor with the Basic Academy at the FEMA/Emergency Management Institute, Emmitsburg, MD, United States Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States Laboratory and Environmental Compliance Manager, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, CA, United States Water Research Foundation, Washington, DC, United States School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States Water expert and 2016 WEF Fellow, Washington, DC, United States Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States AU - Maal-Bared, R. AU - Brisolara, K. AU - Munakata, N. AU - Bibby, K. AU - Gerba, C. AU - Sobsey, M. AU - Schaefer, S. AU - Swift, J. AU - Gary, L. AU - Sherchan, S. AU - Babatola, A. AU - Bastian, R. AU - Olabode, L. AU - Reimers, R. AU - Rubin, A. C2 - 32866312 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1002/wer.1446 IS - 4 J2 - Water Environ. Res. KW - coronavirus occupational health SARS-CoV-2 virus wastewater Biological water treatment Risk management Transmissions Wastewater treatment Water supply Environmental scientists Operation and management Public health protection Scientific evidence Technical guidances Treated wastewater Waste water systems Water and wastewater Effluents virus RNA water COVID-19 effluent epidemic future prospect guideline management practice research work severe acute respiratory syndrome airborne transmission Article cell culture coronavirus disease 2019 environmental stress fecal oral transmission human Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus nonhuman polymerase chain reaction priority journal public health secondary organic aerosol Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 waste water management water disinfection pandemic SARS coronavirus Humans Pandemics Waste Water LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: WAERE Correspondence Address: Maal-Bared, R.; EPCOR Water Services IncCanada; email: maalbared@gmail.com Chemicals/CAS: water, 7732-18-5; Waste Water; Water References: Acter, T., Uddin, N., Das, J., Akhter, A., Choudhury, T.R., Kim, S., Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency (2020) Science of the Total Environment, 730; Ahmed, W., Angel, N., Edson, J., Bibby, K., Bivins, A., O’Brien, J.W., Mueller, J.F., First confirmed detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewater in Australia: A proof of concept for the wastewater surveillance of COVID-19 in the community (2020) The Science of the Total Environment, 728, p. 138764; Armocida, B., Formenti, B., Ussai, S., Palestra, F., Missoni, E., The Italian health system and the COVID-19 challenge (2020) Lancet Public Health, 5 (5); Auwaerter, P.G., (2020) Coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Johns Hopkins ABX Guid, , https://www.hopkinsguides.com/hopkins/view/Johns_Hopkins_ABX_Guide/540747/all/Coronavirus_COVID_19__SARS_CoV_2, Retrieved May 23, 2020, from; Bibby, K., Fischer, R.J., Casson, L.W., Carvalho, N.A., de Haas, C.N., Munster, V.J., Disinfection of ebola virus in sterilized municipal wastewater (2017) PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11 (2); Cai, J., Sun, W., Huang, J., Gamber, M., Wu, J., He, G., Indirect virus transmission in cluster of COVID-19 cases, Wenzhou, China, 2020 (2020) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26 (6), pp. 1343-1345; Canova, V., Lederer Schlpfer, H., Piso, R.J., Droll, A., Fenner, L., Hoffmann, T., Hoffmann, M., Transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 to healthcare workers –observational results of a primary care hospital contact tracing (2020) Swiss Medical Weekly, 150, p. w20257; Cao, G., Noti, J.D., Blachere, F.M., Lindsley, W.G., Beezhold, D.H., Development of an improved methodology to detect infectious airborne influenza virus using the NIOSH bioaerosol sampler (2011) Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 13 (12), pp. 3321-3328; Carducci, A., Federigia, I., Liu, D., Thompson, J.R., Verania, M., Making Waves: Coronavirus detection, presence and persistence in the water environment: State of the art and knowledge needs for public health (2020) Water Research, 179, p. 115907; (2008) Guideline for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, , https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/tables/figure1.html, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; (2017) Guidance for Reducing Health Risks to Workers Handling Human Waste or Sewage, , https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/sanitation/workers_handlingwaste.html, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; (2017) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), , https://www.cdc.gov/sars/index.html, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; (2019) Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/mers/index.html, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; (2020) Water and COVID-19 FAQ, , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fphp%2Fwater.html#COVID-19-and-Water, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; Chen, Q., Allot, A., Lu, Z., Keep up with the latest coronavirus research (2020) Nature, 579 (7798), p. 193; Chen, Y., Chen, L., Deng, Q., Zhang, G., Wu, K., Ni, L., Cheng, Z., The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the feces of COVID-19 patients (2020) Journal of Medical Virology, 92 (7), pp. 833-840; Chin, A.W.H., Chu, J.T.S., Perera, M.R.A., Hui, K.P.Y., Yen, H.-L., Chan, M.C.W., Poon, L.L.M., Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions (2020) The Lancet, 1 (1); Colavita, F., Lapa, D., Carletti, F., Lalle, E., Bordi, L., Marsella, P., Castilletti, C., SARS-CoV-2 isolation from ocular secretions of a patient with COVID-19 in Italy with prolonged viral RNA detection (2020) Annals of Internal Medicine, 173 (3), pp. 242-243; Cyranoski, D., Mystery deepens over animal source of coronavirus (2020) Nature, 579 (7797), pp. 18-19; van Doremalen, N., Bushmaker, T., Morris, D.H., Holbrook, M.G., Gamble, A., Williamson, B.N., Munster, V.J., Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1 (2020) The New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (16), pp. 1564-1567; Fears, A.C., Klimstra, W.B., Duprex, P., Hartman, A., Weaver, S.C., Plante, K.S., Roy, C.J., Comparative dynamic aerosol efficiencies of three emergent coronaviruses and the unusual persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol suspensions (2020) medRxiv; Fuster, N., Pintó, R.M., Fuentes, C., Beguiristain, N., Bosch, A., Guix, S., Propidium monoazide RTqPCR assays for the assessment of hepatitis A inactivation and for a better estimation of the health risk of contaminated waters (2016) Water Research, 101, pp. 226-232; Gerba, C.P., Betancourt, W.Q., Kitajima, M., How much reduction of virus is needed for recycled water: A continuous changing need for assessment? (2017) Water Research, 108, pp. 25-31; Gerba, C.P., Betancourt, W.Q., Kitajima, M., Rock, C.M., Reducing uncertainty in estimating virus reduction by advanced water treatment processes (2018) Water Research, 133, pp. 282-288; Gormley, M., Aspray, T.J., Kelly, D.A., COVID-19: mitigating transmission via wastewater plumbing systems (2020) The Lancet. Global Health, 8 (5); Gundy, P.M., Gerba, C.P., Pepper, I.L., Survival of coronaviruses in water and wastewater (2009) Food and Environmental Virology, 43 (7), pp. 1893-1898; Guo, Y.R., Cao, Q.D., Hong, Z.S., Tan, Y.Y., Chen, S.D., Jin, H.J., Yan, Y., The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak- A n update on the status (2020) Military Medical Research, 7 (1), p. 11; Guo, Z.-D., Wang, Z.-Y., Zhang, S.-F., Li, X., Li, L., Li, C., Chen, W., Aerosol and surface distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in hospital wards, Wuhan, China, 2020 (2020) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26 (7), pp. 1583-1591; Hamza, I.A., Bibby, K., Critical issues in application of molecular methods to environmental virology (2019) Journal of Virological Methods, 266, pp. 11-24; Hamza, I.A., Jurzik, L., Überla, K., Wilhelm, M., Methods to detect infectious human enteric viruses in environmental water samples (2011) International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 214 (6), pp. 424-436; Haramoto, E., Kitajima, M., Hata, A., Torrey, J.R., Masago, Y., Sano, D., Katayama, H., A review on recent progress in the detection methods and prevalence of human enteric viruses in water (2018) Water Research, 135, pp. 168-186; Hoffmann, M., Kleine-Weber, H., Krueger, N., Mueller, M.A., Drosten, C., Poehlmann, S., The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells (2020) bioRxiv; Holshue, M.L., DeBolt, C., Lindquist, S., Lofy, K.H., Wiesman, J., Bruce, H., First case of 2019 novel coronavirus in the United States (2020) The New England Journal of Medicine, 382 (10), pp. 929-936; Jia, S., Zhang, X., (2020) Biological HRPs in wastewater, , High-Risk Pollutants in Wastewater; (2020) Johns Hopkins COVID-19 Dashboard, , https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; Jung, S., Akhmetzhanov, A.R., Hayashi, K., Linton, N.M., Yang, Y., Yuan, B., Nishiura, H., Real-time estimation of the risk of death from novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection: inference using exported cases (2020) Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9, p. 523; Kampf, G., Todt, D., Pfaender, S., Steinmann, E., Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents (2020) Journal of Hospital Infection, 104, pp. 246-251; Kane, J., Tomer, A., (2018) Renewing the water workforce: improving water infrastructure and creating a pipeline to opportunity, , https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Brookings-Metro-Renewing-the-Water-Workforce-June-2018.pdf, Retrieved from; Kitajima, M., Ahmed, W., Bibby, K., Carducci, A., Gerba, C.P., Hamilton, K.A., Rose, J.B., SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: State of the knowledge and research needs (2020) The Science of the Total Environment, 739, p. 139076; Kocamemi, B.A., Kurt, H., Hacioglu, S., Yarali, C., Saatci, A.M., Pakdemirli, B., First data-set on SARS-CoV-2 detection for Istanbul wastewaters in Turkey (2020) medRxiv; Lamers, M.M., Beumer, J., Vaart, J., Van der Knoops, K., Puschhof, J., Breugem, T.I., Clevers, H., SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut Enterocytes (2020) bioRxiv; LeChevallier, M.W., Mansfield, T.J., Gibson, J.M.D., Protecting wastewater workers from disease risks: Personal protective equipment guidelines (2019) Water Environment Federation, 92, pp. 524-533; Liu, Y., Ning, Z., Chen, Y., Guo, M., Liu, Y., Gali, N.K., Lan, K., Aerodynamic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in two Wuhan hospitals (2020) Nature, 582, pp. 557-560; Lodder, W., de Roda Husman, A.M., SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: potential health risk, but also data source (2020) The Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 5, pp. 533-534; Maal-Bared, R., Bastian, R., Bibby, K., Brisolara, K., Gary, L., Gerba, C., Schaefer, S., (2020) The water professional’s guide to COVID-19, , The Water Environment Federation; Maal-Bared, R., Bibby, K., Brisolara, K., Gary, L., Reimers, R.S., Schaefer, S., Swift, J., (2020) Lessons from the Ebola Outbreak: how the water sector can transition from panic to preparedness, pp. 38-45. , https://www.wef.org/resources/publications/all-magazines/water-environment-technology/, Water Environ. Technol.,, Alexandria, Virgina, USA, Retrieved from; Mackie, P.L., The classification of viruses infecting the respiratory tract (2003) Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 4, pp. 84-90; Majumder, M., Mandl, K.D., Early Transmissibility Assessment of a Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) SSRN Electronic Journal, , https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3524675; Mallapaty, S., How sewage could reveal true scale of coronavirus outbreak (2020) Nature, 580, pp. 176-177; Mara, D., Horan, N., (2003) Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology, , Handb. Water Wastewater Microbiol; Medema, G., Heijnen, L., Elsinga, G., Italiaander, R., Brouwer, A., (2020) Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 RNA in sewage and correlation with reported COVID-19 prevalence in the early stage of the epidemic in the Netherlands, , Environ. Sci. Technol. Reports; Medema, G., Ruijgers, M., Update COVID-19 Sewage research (2020) KWR News, , https://www.kwrwater.nl/en/actueel/update-covid-19-sewage-research/, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; Metcalf, T.G., Melnick, J.L., Estes, M.K., Environmental virology: From detection of virus in sewage and water by isolation to identification by molecular biology-A trip of over 50 years (1995) Annual Review of Microbiology, 49, pp. 461-487; Morawska, L., Cao, J., Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality (2020) Environment International, 139, p. 105730; (2020) LitCovid, , https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; Nemudryi, A., Nemudraia, A., Surya, K., Wiegand, T., Buyukyoruk, M., Wilkinson, R., Wiedenheft, B., Temporal detection and phylogenetic assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater (2020) medRxiv; Nghiem, L.D., Morgan, B., Donner, E., Short, M.D., (2020) The COVID-19 pandemic: Considerations for the waste and wastewater services sector, , Case Stud. Chem. Environ. Eng., May 100006; O’Brien, E., Xagoraraki, I., A water-focused one-health approach for early detection and prevention of viral outbreaks (2019) One Heal, 7, p. 100094; (2020) Solid waste and wastewater management workers and employees, , https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/covid-19/controlprevention.html#solidwaste, Retrieved March 22, 2020, from; Onder, G., Rezza, G., Brusaferro, S., Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy (2020) JAMA, 323 (18), pp. 1775-1776; Ong, S.W.X., Tan, Y.K., Chia, P.Y., Lee, T.H., Ng, O.T., Wong, M.S.Y., Marimuthu, K., Air, surface environmental, and personal protective equipment contamination by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from a symptomatic patient (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1610-1612; Ong, S.W.X., Tan, Y.K., Sutjipto, S., Chia, P.Y., Young, B.E., Gum, M., Ng, O.T., Absence of contamination of personal protective equipment (PPE) by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (2020) Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 41, pp. 614-616; Orive, G., Lertxundi, U., Barcelo, D., Early SARS-CoV-2 outbreak detection by sewage-based epidemiology (2020) Science of the Total Environment, 732, p. 139298; (2020) Key recommendations on water, sanitation and hygiene COVID – 19, , https://www.paho.org/en/documents/key-recommendations-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-covid-19, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; Parshionikar, S., Laseke, I., Fout, G.S., Use of propidium monoazide in reverse transcriptase PCR to distinguish between infectious and noninfectious enteric viruses in water samples (2010) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76, pp. 4318-4326; Peng, L., Liu, J., Xu, W., Luo, Q., Deng, K., Lin, B., Gao, Z., 2019 Novel Coronavirus can be detected in urine, blood, anal swabs and oropharyngeal swabs samples (2020) medRxiv; Peng, X., Xu, X., Li, Y., Cheng, L., Zhou, X., Ren, B., Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice (2020) Oral Science International Journal, 12, p. 9; Possamai, M.A., SARS and health worker safety: lessons for influenza pandemic planning and response (2007) Healthcare Pap, 8, pp. 18-28; Prussin, A.J., Belser, J.A., Bischoff, W., Kelley, S.T., Lin, K., Lindsley, W.G., Marr, L.C., Viruses in the Built Environment (VIBE) meeting report (2020) Microbiome, 8, p. 1; Randazzo, W., Truchado, P., Ferrando, E.C., Simon, P., Allende, A., Sanchez, G., SARS-CoV-2 RNA titers in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area (2020) Water Research, 181, p. 115942; Richardson, S., Hirsch, J.S., Narasimhan, M., Crawford, J.M., McGinn, T., Davidson, K.W., Zanos, T.P., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2052-2059; Rimoldi, S.G., Stefani, F., Gigantiello, A., Polesello, S., Comandatore, F., Mileto, D., Salerno, F., Presence and vitality of SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewaters and rivers (2020) The Science of the Total Environment, 744, p. 140911; Rodríguez-Lázaro, D., Cook, N., Ruggeri, F.M., Sellwood, J., Nasser, A., Nascimento, M.S.J., D’Agostino, M., Virus hazards from food, water and other contaminated environments (2012) FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 36 (4), pp. 786-814; Sánchez, G., Elizaquível, P., Aznar, R., Discrimination of Infectious Hepatitis A Viruses by Propidium Monoazide Real-Time RT-PCR (2012) Food and Environmental Virology, 4, pp. 21-25; Sano, D., Amarasiri, M., Hata, A., Watanabe, T., Katayama, H., Risk management of viral infectious diseases in wastewater reclamation and reuse: Review (2016) Environment International, 91, pp. 220-229; Sims, N., Kasprzyk-Hordern, B., Future perspectives of wastewater-based epidemiology: Monitoring infectious disease spread and resistance to the community level (2020) Environment International, 139, p. 105689; Sinclair, R.G., Choi, C.Y., Riley, M.R., Gerba, C.P., Chapter 9: Pathogen surveillance through monitoring of sewer systems (2008) Advances in Applied Microbiology, 65, pp. 249-269; Sinclair, R.G., Jones, E.L., Gerba, C.P., Viruses in recreational water-borne disease outbreaks: A review (2009) Journal of Applied Microbiology, 107, pp. 1769-1780; Spinazzè, A., Cattaneo, A., Cavallo, D.M., COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: Protecting worker health and the response of the italian industrial hygienists association (2020) Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 64, pp. 559-564; Tang, A., Tong, Z.D., Wang, H.L., Dai, Y.X., Li, K.F., Liu, J.N., Yan, J.-B., Detection of novel coronavirus by RT-PCR in Stool Specimen from Asymptomatic Child (2020) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26, pp. 1337-1339; To, K.K.W., Tsang, O.T.Y., Chik-Yan Yip, C., Chan, K.H., Wu, T.C., Chan, J.M.C., Yuen, K.Y., Consistent detection of 2019 novel coronavirus in saliva (2020) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71, pp. 841-843; Torrey, J., Gunten, U., Kohn, T., Differences in viral disinfection mechanisms as revealed by quantitative transfection of Echovirus 11 Genomes (2019) Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 85; Wan, Y., Shang, J., Graham, R., Baric, R.S., Li, F., Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from wuhan: an analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus (2020) Journal of Virology, 94; Wang, J., Feng, H., Zhang, S., Ni, Z., Ni, L., Chen, Y., Qu, T., SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection of hospital isolation wards hygiene monitoring during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak in a Chinese hospital (2020) International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 94, pp. 103-106; Wang, W., Xu, Y., Gao, R., Lu, R., Han, K., Wu, G., Tan, W., Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens (2020) JAMA, 323 (18), pp. 1843-1844; Wang, X.W., Li, J., Guo, T., Zhen, B., Kong, Q., Yi, B., Li, J., Concentration and detection of SARS coronavirus in sewage from Xiao Tang Shan hospital and the 309th Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (2005) Water Science and Technology, 52, pp. 213-221; Wang, X.W., Li, J.S.J.W., Jin, M., Zhen, B., Kong, Q.X., Song, N., Li, J.-W., Study on the resistance of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (2005) Journal of Virological Methods, 126, pp. 171-177; (2013) Safety, Health and Security in Wastewater Systems, , Manual of Practice 1, 6th Editio.;, Alexandria, Virgina, USA, Water Environment Federation/McGraw Hill; (2020) Water Environment Federation Convening a Blue-Ribbon Panel to Evaluate Biological Hazards and Precautions for Wastewater Workers, , https://www.wef.org/resources/pressroom/press-releases2/wef-press-releases/water-environment-federation-convening-a-blue-ribbon-panel-to-evaluate-biological-hazards-and-precautions-for-wastewater-workers/, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; (2020) Water, sanitation, hygiene and waste management for the COVID-19 virus, , Organ, World Heal; Wigginton, K.R., Boehm, A.B., Environmental engineers and scientists have important roles to play in stemming outbreaks and pandemics caused by enveloped viruses (2020) Environmental Science & Technology, 54, pp. 3736-3739; Wigginton, K.R., Pecson, B.M., Sigstam, T., Bosshard, F., Kohn, T., Virus inactivation mechanisms: Impact of disinfectants on virus function and structural integrity (2012) Environmental Science & Technology, 46, pp. 12069-12078; Wit, E., Doremalen, N., Falzarano, D., Munster, V.J., SARS and MERS: Recent insights into emerging coronaviruses (2016) Nature Reviews Microbiology, 14, pp. 523-534; Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M.A., Wendtner, C., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581, pp. 465-469; (2020) WASH (Water, Sanitation & Hygiene) and COVID-19, , http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/628121588136575742/Water-Supply-Sanitation-and-Hygiene-WASH-and-COVID-19-Critical-WASH-Interventions-for-Effective-COVID-19-Pandemic-Response, WASH Interv. Eff. COVID19 pandemic response, Retrieved from; (2020) WHO Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020, , https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; (2020) WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020, , https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19–-11-march-2020, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; (2020) Novel Coronavirus – China, , https://www.who.int/csr/don/12-january-2020-novel-coronavirus-china/en/, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; (2020) Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), , https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-%282005%29-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-%282019-ncov%29, Retrieved May 21, 2020, from; Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, K.S., Goldsmith, J.A., Hsieh, C.L., Abiona, O., McLellan, J.S., Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation (2020) Science, 367 (6483), pp. 1260-1263; Wu, F., Xiao, A., Zhang, J., Gu, X., Lee, W.L., Kauffman, K., Alm, E.J., SARS-CoV-2 titers in wastewater are higher than expected from clinically confirmed cases (2020) mSystems, 5; Wu, Y., Guo, C., Tang, L., Hong, Z., Zhou, J., Dong, X., Huang, X., Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples (2020) The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5, pp. 434-435; Wurtzer, S., Marechal, V., Mouchel, J.-M., Moulin, L., Time course quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Parisian wastewaters correlates with COVID-19 confirmed cases (2020) medRxiv; Xiao, F., Sun, J., Xu, Y., Li, F., Huang, X., Li, H., Zhao, J., Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in feces of patient with severe COVID-19 (2020) Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26 (8), pp. 1920-1922; Xiao, F., Tang, M., Zheng, X., Liu, Y., Li, X., Shan, H., Evidence for gastrointestinal infection of SARS-CoV-2 (2020) Gastroenterology, 158, pp. 1831-1833; Yeo, C., Kaushal, S., Yeo, D., Enteric involvement of coronaviruses: Is faecal–oral transmission of SARSCoV-2 possible? (2020) The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 5 (4), pp. 335-337; Zang, R., Castro, M.F.G., McCune, B.T., Zeng, Q., Rothlauf, P.W., Sonnek, N.M., Ding, S., TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 mediate SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes (2020) Science Immunology, 5 (47); Zhang, W., Du, R.H., Li, B., Zheng, X.S., Yang, X., Hu, B., Zhou, P., Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes (2020) Emerging Microbes and Infections, 9, pp. 386-389; Zhang, Y., Chen, C., Zhu, S., Shu, C., Wang, D., Song, J., Xu, W., Isolation of 2019-nCoV from a stool specimen of a laboratory-confirmed case of the coronavirus disease 2019 (2020) China CDC Wkly., 2 (8), pp. 123-124; Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Cao, B., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Zhou, P., Yang, X., Wang, X.G., Hu, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, W., Shi, Z.L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273 PY - 2021 SN - 10614303 (ISSN) SP - 502-515 ST - Implications of SARS-CoV-2 on current and future operation and management of wastewater systems T2 - Water Environment Research TI - Implications of SARS-CoV-2 on current and future operation and management of wastewater systems UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092083774&doi=10.1002%2fwer.1446&partnerID=40&md5=b5e24bca97b4e649f7efd47f9745c5e4 VL - 93 ID - 51 ER - TY - JOUR AD - EPCOR Water Services Inc., Edmonton, Canada Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Los Angeles, CA, United States Department of Environmental Science, University of Arizona, United States AE2S, Saint Joseph, MN, United States Gray and Osborne, Seattle, WA, United States LSU School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, United States Laboratory and Environmental Compliance Manager, San Francisco Bay Area, City of Santa Cruz, United States Water Expert and 2016 WEF Fellow, United States Water Research Foundation, Washington, DC, United States School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States Dept of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, United States California Association of Sanitation Agencies, Sacramento, CA, United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States AU - Maal-Bared, R. AU - Sobsey, M. AU - Bibby, K. AU - Sherchan, S. P. AU - Fitzmorris, K. B. AU - Munakata, N. AU - Gerba, C. AU - Schaefer, S. AU - Swift, J. AU - Gary, L. AU - Babatola, A. AU - Bastian, R. AU - Olabode, L. AU - Reimers, R. AU - Rubin, A. AU - Kester, G. AU - Casson, L. C2 - 33423797 C7 - 144855 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144855 J2 - Sci. Total Environ. KW - COVID-19 Lagoons Risk Transmission Wastewater virus RNA aquatic environment environmental factor Letter marine mammal nonhuman pandemic priority journal retention time risk factor sanitation Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 sewage virus transmission animal Caniformia human Mammalia SARS coronavirus Animals Humans Pandemics SARS-CoV-2 Waste Water LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: STEVA Correspondence Address: Maal-Bared, R.; EPCOR Water Services Inc.Canada; email: rmaalbar@epcor.com Chemicals/CAS: Waste Water References: Balboa, S., Mauricio-Iglesias, M., Rodríguez, S., Martínez-Lamas, L., Vasallo, F.J., Regueiro, B., Lema, J.M., The fate of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater treatment plants points out the sludge line as a suitable spot for incidence monitoring. medRxiv (2020), https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.20112706v1#disqus_thread; Bivins, A., Greaves, J., Fischer, R., Yinda, K.C., Ahmed, W., Kitajima, M., Munster, V.J., Bibby, K., Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in water and wastewater (2020) Environ. Sci. Technol.; Casanova, L., Weaver, S., Inactivation of an enveloped surrogate virus in human sewage (2015) Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 2015 (2), pp. 76-78; D'Aoust, P.M., Mercier, E., Montpetit, D., Jia, J.J., Alexandrov, I., Neault, N., Delatolla, R., Quantitative analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from wastewater solids in communities with low COVID-19 incidence and prevalence (2021) Water Res., 188, p. 116560; Gormley, M., Aspray, T.J., Kelly, D.A., COVID-19: mitigating transmission via wastewater plumbing systems (2020) The Lancet Global Health, 8 (5), p. e643; Gundy, P., Gerba, C., Pepper, I., Survival of Coronaviruses in water and wastewater (2009) Food Environ. Virol., 1, pp. 10-14; Jefferson, T., Spencer, E., Brassey, J., Heneghan, C., Viral cultures for COVID-19 infectivity assessment (2020) Systematic review; Jones, D.L., Baluja, M.Q., Graham, D.W., Corbishley, A., McDonald, J.E., Malham, S.K., Wilcox, M.H., Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and urine and its potential role in person-to-person transmission and the environment-based spread of COVID-19 (2020) Science of The Total Environment, 749; La Rosa, G., Iaconelli, M., Mancini, P., Ferraro, G.B., Veneri, C., Bonadonna, L., Suffredini, E., First detection of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated wastewaters in Italy (2020) Sci. Total Environ., p. 139652; Mathavarajah, S., Stoddart, A.K., Gagnon, G.A., Dellaire, G., Pandemic danger to the deep: the risk of marine mammals contracting SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater (2020) Sci. Total Environ., p. 143346; Randazzo, W., Truchado, P., Cuevas-Ferrando, E., Simón, P., Allende, A., Sánchez, G., SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater anticipated COVID-19 occurrence in a low prevalence area (2020) Water Research, , 115942; Rimoldi, S.G., Stefani, F., Gigantiello, A., Polesello, S., Comandatore, F., Mileto, D., Pagani, C., Presence and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 virus in wastewaters and rivers (2020) Science of the Total Environment, 744; Sherchan, S.P., Shahin, S., Ward, L.M., Tandukar, S., Aw, T.G., Schmitz, B., Kitajima, M., First detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in North America: a study in Louisiana, USA (2020) Sci. Total Environ., 743, p. 140621; Shutler, J., Zaraska, K., Holding, T.M., Machnik, M., Uppuluri, K., Ashton, I., Dahiya, R., Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection From Contaminated Water Systems. medRxiv (2020); WHO, Water, sanitation, hygiene, and waste management for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19: interim guidance, 29 July 2020 (2020), https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/333560, (See); Wölfel, R., Corman, V.M., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Zange, S., Müller, M.A., Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019 (2020) Nature, 581 (7809), pp. 465-469; Ye, Y., Ellenberg, R., Graham, K., Wigginton, K., Survivability, partitioning, and recovery of enveloped viruses in untreated municipal wastewater (2016) Environ. Sci. Technol., 50 (10), pp. 5077-5085; Yuan, J., Chen, Z., Gong, C., Liu, H., Li, B., Li, K., Qin, P., Sewage as a possible transmission vehicle during a Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in a densely populated community: Guangzhou, China, April 2020 (2020) Clinical Infectious Diseases; Zang, R., Castro, M.F.G., McCune, B.T., Zeng, Q., Rothlauf, P.W., Sonnek, N.M., TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes. (2020) Sci. Immunol., 5 (47) PY - 2021 SN - 00489697 (ISSN) ST - Letter to the Editor regarding Mathavarajah et al. (2020) Pandemic danger to the deep: The risk of marine mammals contracting SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater T2 - Science of the Total Environment TI - Letter to the Editor regarding Mathavarajah et al. (2020) Pandemic danger to the deep: The risk of marine mammals contracting SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85099718998&doi=10.1016%2fj.scitotenv.2020.144855&partnerID=40&md5=c367cf9e69778f4600a4896b6a4cd53b VL - 773 ID - 17 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The novel Coronavirus pandemic 19 and subsequent social distancing practices have altered the way we move through the world and access physical and mental healthcare. While researchers and clinicians have begun to explore the impact of telehealth delivery on psychotherapy and treatment outcomes, the purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of individuals in teletherapy, specifically those engaging in teletherapy with a romantic partner or family member. Using a thematic analysis of open-ended online survey questions, we explored the experiences of 25 individuals who engaged in couple or family teletherapy after social distancing began. The resulting themes included “making do,” safe therapeutic space, convenience, logistical challenges, and therapist accommodation. We discuss the clinical implications of these themes to support effective couple and family teletherapy and offer suggestions and considerations for remote clinical interventions and practices. © 2021 American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy AD - University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI, United States University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Mount Mercy University, Cedar Rapids, IA, United States AU - Maier, C. A. AU - Riger, D. F. AU - Morgan-Sowada, H. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1111/jmft.12508 J2 - J. Marital Fam. Ther. LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JMFTD Correspondence Address: Maier, C.A.; University of Wisconsin-StoutUnited States; email: maierc@uwstout.edu References: Anderson, K.E., Byrne, C.E., Crosby, R.D., Le Grange, D., Utilizing telehealth to deliver family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa (2017) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 50 (10), pp. 1235-1238. , https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22759; Andrews, T., What is social constructionism? (2012) Grounded Theory Review: An International Journal, 11 (1), pp. 39-46; Backhaus, A., Agha, Z., Maglione, M.L., Repp, A., Ross, B., Zuest, D., Rice-Thorp, N.M., Thorp, S.R., Videoconference psychotherapy: A systematic review (2012) Psychological Services, 9 (2), pp. 111-131. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027924; Bader, E., (2020) Cabin fever couples, , https://www.couplesinstitute.com/cabin-fever-couples-blog/?inf_contact_key=5a8f6bccb24b2bc8a1b223c6035ee06a16358d5485884e2f31e6019a0d26c8b0, The Couples Institute, Retrieved from; Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E., The spillover-crossover model (2013) Current issues in work and organizational psychology. New frontiers in work and family research, pp. 55-70. , J. G. Grzywacz, &, E. Demerouti, (Eds.),, Psychology Press; Benson, S.S., Dimian, A.F., Elmquist, M., Simacek, J., McComas, J.J., Symons, F.J., Coaching parents to assess and treat self-injurious behaviour via telehealth (2018) Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 62 (12), pp. 1114-1123. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12456; Berg, I.K., de Shazer, S., Making numbers talk: Language in therapy (1993) The new language of change: Constructive collaboration in psychotherapy, pp. 5-24. , S. Friedman, (Ed.),, Guilford Press; Bischoff, R.J., Considerations in the use of telecommunications as a primary treatment medium: The application of behavioral telehealth to marriage and family therapy (2004) The American Journal of Family Therapy, 32, pp. 173-187. , https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180490437376; Bliss, V.E., Common factors, a solution focus and Sarah (2005) Journal of Systemic Therapies, 24 (4), pp. 16-31; Blow, A.J., Sprenkle, D.H., Common factors across theories of marriage and family therapy: A modified Delphi study (2001) Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 27 (3), pp. 385-401; Blumer, M.L.C., Hertlein, K.M., VandenBosch, M.L., Towards the development of educational core competencies for couple and family therapy technology practices (2015) Contemporary Family Therapy, 37, pp. 113-121. , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-015-9330-1; Burkitt, I., Social and personal constructs: A division left unresolved (1996) Theory & Psychology, 6, pp. 71-77. , https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354396061005; Cravens Pickens, J., Morris, N., Johnson, D.J., The digital divide: Couple and family therapy programs’ integration of teletherapy training and education (2019) Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 46 (2), pp. 186-200. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12417; Daly, K.J., (2007) Qualitative methods for family studies and human development, , Sage Publications Inc; Davis, S.D., Lebow, J., Sprenkle, D.H., Common factors of change in couple therapy (2012) Behavior Therapy, 43, pp. 36-48; De Shazer, S., Molnar, A., Four useful interventions in brief family therapy (1984) Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 10 (3), pp. 297-304. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.1984.tb00020.x; Duncan, B.L., Miller, S.D., Sparks, J.A., Claud, D.A., Reynolds, L.R., Brown, J., Johnson, L.D., The session rating scale: Preliminary psychometric properties of “working” alliance measure (2003) Journal of Brief, Therapy, 3, pp. 2-12; Gehart, D.R., Ratliff, D.A., Lyle, R.R., Qualitative research in family therapy: A substantive and methodological review (2001) Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 27 (2), pp. 261-275. , https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2001.tb01162.x; Godleski, L., Darkins, A., Peters, J., Outcomes of 98,609 US Department of Veteran Affairs patients enrolled in telemental health services, 2006–2010 (2012) Psychiatric Services, 63 (4), pp. 383-385. , https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201100206; Goss, C.W., Richardson, W.J., Dailey, N., Bair, B., Nagamoto, H., Manson, S.M., Shore, J.H., Rural American Indian and Alaska Native veterans’ telemental health: A model of culturally centered care (2017) Psychological Services, 14 (3), pp. 270-278. , https://doi.org/10.1037/ser0000149; Greenfield, B., (2020) How coronavirus lockdown is helping couples in counseling thrive: ‘They’re listening.’ Yahoo! Life, , https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/how-coronavirus-lockdown-is-helping-couples-in-counseling-thrive-theyre-listening-234619332.html, April 24)., Retrieved from; Hammonds, C., Kerrissey, J., Tomaskovic-Devey, D., (2020) Stressed, unsafe, and insecure: Essential workers need a new, new deal, , https://www.umass.edu/employmentequity/stressed-unsafe-and-insecure-essential-workers-need-new-new-deal#Stressed, Center for Employment Equity, Retrieved from; Heidegger, M., (1982) The basic problems of phenomenology, , (Rev. ed.)., Indiana University Press; Hilty, D.M., Ferrer, D.C., Parish, M.B., Johnston, B., Callahan, E.J., Yellowlees, P.M., The effectiveness of telemental health: A 2013 review (2013) Telemedicine and e-Health, 19 (6), pp. 444-454. , https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2013.0075; King, V.L., Brooner, R.K., Peirce, J.M., Kolodner, K., Kidorf, M.S., A randomized trial of web-based video-conferencing for substance abuse counseling (2014) Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 46, pp. 36-42. , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2013.08.009; Kruse, C.S., Krowski, N., Rodriguez, B., Tran, L., Vela, J., Brooks, M., Telehealth and patient satisfaction: A systematic review and narrative analysis (2017) British Medicine Journal Open, 7 (8), pp. 1-12. , https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016242; Kysely, A., Bishop, B., Kane, R., Cheng, M., Palma, M.D., Rooney, R., Expectations and experience of couples receiving therapy through videoconferencing: A qualitative study (2020) Frontiers in Psychology, 10, pp. 1-14. , https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02992; Lebow, J.L., Family in the age of COVID-19 (2020) Family Process, 59 (2). , https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12543; Lincoln, Y.S., Guba, E.G., Pilotta, J.J., (1985) Naturalistic inquiry, , Safe Publications Inc; Magruder-Newman, M.L., Newman, P.D., Newman, P.D., (2018) Making do in World War II: A child's memory of the White House and the war, , CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform; Malinen, T., The wisdom of not knowing? A conversation with Harlene Anderson (2004) Journal of Systemic Therapies, 23 (2), pp. 68-77; Merriam, S.B., (2009) Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation, , Jossey-Bass; Miles, M.B., Huberman, A.M., Saldaña, J., (2014) Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook, , 3rd ed., Sage Publications Inc; O’Reilly, R., Bishop, J., Maddox, K., Hutchinson, L., Fisman, M., Takhar, J., Is telepsychiatry equivalent to face-to-face psychiatry? Results from a randomized controlled equivalence trial (2007) Psychiatric Services, 58 (6), pp. 836-843. , https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.2007.58.6.836; Perel, E., (2020) How coronavirus lockdown is helping couples in counseling thrive: ‘They’re listening’, , https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/how-coronavirus-lockdown-is-helping-couples-in-counseling-thrive-theyre-listening-234619332.html, April 24)., Retrieved from; (2019) Internet/broadband fact sheet [data file and code book], , https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/fact-sheet/internet-broadband/, Retrieved from; Rees, C.S., Maclaine, E., A systematic review of videoconference-delivered psychological treatment for anxiety disorders (2015) Australian Psychologist, 50, pp. 259-264. , https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12122; Reiter, M.D., Hope and expectancy in solution-focused brief therapy (2010) Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 21 (2), pp. 132-148. , https://doi.org/10.1080/08975353.2010.483653; Saldaña, J., (2015) Thinking qualitatively: Methods of mind, , Sage Publications; Simpson, S.G., Reid, C.L., Therapeutic alliance in videoconferencing psychotherapy: A review (2014) Australian Journal of Rural Health, 22, pp. 280-299. , https://doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12149; Spence, S.H., Donovan, C.L., March, S., Gamble, A., Anderson, R.E., Prosser, S., Kenardy, J., A randomized controlled trial of online versus clinic-based CBT for adolescent anxiety (2011) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79 (5), pp. 629-642. , https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024512; Sprenkle, D.H., Blow, A.J., Dickey, M.H., Common factors and other non-technique variables in MFT (1999) The heart and soul of change: What works in therapy, pp. 329-360. , M. A. Hubble, B. L. Duncan, &, S. D. Miller, (Eds.),, American Psychological Association; Stanley, S.M., Markman, H.J., Helping couples in the shadow of COVID-19 (2020) Family Process, 59 (3), pp. 937-955. , https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12575; van Manen, M., (1990) Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy, , 1st ed., Althouse Press; Wrape, E.R., McGinn, M.M., Clinical and ethical considerations for delivering couple and family therapy via telehealth (2018) Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 45 (2), pp. 296-308. , https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12319; Yang, H.W., Burke, M., Isaacs, S., Rios, K., Schraml-Block, K., Aleman-Tovar, J., Tompkins, J., Swartz, R., Family perspectives toward using telehealth in early intervention (2020) Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, , https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-020-09744-y PY - 2021 SN - 0194472X (ISSN) ST - “It’s splendid once you grow into it:” Client experiences of relational teletherapy in the era of COVID-19 T2 - Journal of Marital and Family Therapy TI - “It’s splendid once you grow into it:” Client experiences of relational teletherapy in the era of COVID-19 UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102459627&doi=10.1111%2fjmft.12508&partnerID=40&md5=645573afe2523d54a426f3cc5a56f88e ID - 175 ER - TY - JOUR AB - SARS-CoV-2 infection is required for COVID-19, but many signs and symptoms of COVID-19 differ from common acute viral diseases. SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary but not sufficient for development of clinical COVID-19 disease. Currently, there are no approved pre- or post-exposure prophylactic COVID-19 medical countermeasures. Clinical data suggest that famotidine may mitigate COVID-19 disease, but both mechanism of action and rationale for dose selection remain obscure. We have investigated several plausible hypotheses for famotidine activity including antiviral and host-mediated mechanisms of action. We propose that the principal mechanism of action of famotidine for relieving COVID-19 symptoms involves on-target histamine receptor H2 activity, and that development of clinical COVID-19 involves dysfunctional mast cell activation and histamine release. Based on these findings and associated hypothesis, new COVID-19 multi-drug treatment strategies based on repurposing well-characterized drugs are being developed and clinically tested, and many of these drugs are available worldwide in inexpensive generic oral forms suitable for both outpatient and inpatient treatment of COVID-19 disease. © Copyright © 2021 Malone, Tisdall, Fremont-Smith, Liu, Huang, White, Miorin, Moreno, Alon, Delaforge, Hennecker, Wang, Pottel, Blair, Roy, Smith, Hall, Tomera, Shapiro, Mittermaier, Kruse, García-Sastre, Roth, Glasspool-Malone and Ricke. AD - RW Malone MD LLC, Madison, VA, United States Medical School Companion LLC, Marco IslandFL, United States MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, United States Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Molecular Forecaster Inc, Montreal, QC, Canada Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, United States Department of Urology, Beloit Memorial Hospital, Beloit, WI, United States Pharmorx LLC, Gainesville, FL, United States Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, United States AU - Malone, R. W. AU - Tisdall, P. AU - Fremont-Smith, P. AU - Liu, Y. AU - Huang, X. P. AU - White, K. M. AU - Miorin, L. AU - Moreno, E. AU - Alon, A. AU - Delaforge, E. AU - Hennecker, C. D. AU - Wang, G. AU - Pottel, J. AU - Blair, R. V. AU - Roy, C. J. AU - Smith, N. AU - Hall, J. M. AU - Tomera, K. M. AU - Shapiro, G. AU - Mittermaier, A. AU - Kruse, A. C. AU - García-Sastre, A. AU - Roth, B. L. AU - Glasspool-Malone, J. AU - Ricke, D. O. C7 - 633680 DB - Scopus DO - 10.3389/fphar.2021.633680 J2 - Front. Pharmacol. KW - COVID-19 famotidine (PubChem CID: 3325) GPCR (G Protein Coupled Receptors) histamine (H2) receptor hyperinflammation state mast cell activating disorder LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Malone, R.W.; RW Malone MD LLCUnited States; email: RWMaloneMD@gmail.com Correspondence Address: Alon, A.; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, United States Correspondence Address: Malone, R.W.; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States; email: RWMaloneMD@gmail.com References: Ackermann, M., Verleden, S.E., Kuehnel, M., Haverich, A., Welte, T., Laenger, F., Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 383, pp. 120-128; Afrin, L.B., Ackerley, M.B., Bluestein, L.S., Brewer, J.H., Brook, J.B., Buchanan, A.D., Diagnosis of mast cell activation syndrome: a global "consensus-2” (2020) Diagnosis (Berl); Alon, A., Schmidt, H.R., Wood, M.D., Sahn, J.J., Martin, S.F., Kruse, A.C., Identification of the gene that codes for the σ2 receptor (2017) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114 (27), pp. 7160-7165; Alonso, N., Zappia, C.D., Cabrera, M., Davio, C.A., Shayo, C., Monczor, F., Physiological implications of biased signaling at histamine H2 receptors (2015) Front. Pharmacol, 6, p. 45; Alphonsus, C.S., Rodseth, R.N., The endothelial glycocalyx: a review of the vascular barrier (2014) Anaesthesia, 69 (7), pp. 777-784; Anson, B.J., Chapman, M.E., Lendy, E.K., Pshenychnyi, S., D’Aquila, R.T., Satchell, K.J.F., (2020) Broad-spectrum inhibition of coronavirus main and papain-like proteases by HCV drugs, , PREPRINT (Version 1) Research Square, Accessed May, 2020; Baez-Santos, Y.M., St John, S.E., Mesecar, A.D., The SARS-coronavirus papain-like protease: structure, function and inhibition by designed antiviral compounds (2015) Antivir. Res, 115, pp. 21-38; Becker, B.F., Chappell, D., Bruegger, D., Annecke, T., Jacob, M., Therapeutic strategies targeting the endothelial glycocalyx: acute deficits, but great potential (2010) Cardiovasc. Res, 87 (2), pp. 300-310; Becker, S., Pflugbeil, C., Groger, M., Canis, M., Ledderose, G.J., Kramer, M.F., Olfactory dysfunction in seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis (2012) Acta Otolaryngol, 132 (7), pp. 763-768; Bertaccini, G., Coruzzi, G., Poli, E., Adami, M., Pharmacology of the novel H2 antagonist famotidine: in vitro studies (1986) Agents Actions, 19 (34), pp. 180-187; Besnard, J., Ruda, G.F., Setola, V., Abecassis, K., Rodriguiz, R.M., Huang, X.P., Automated design of ligands to polypharmacological profiles (2012) Nature, 492 (7428), pp. 215-220; Bissonnette, E.Y., Histamine inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha release by mast cells through H2 and H3 receptors (1996) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol Biol, 14 (6), pp. 620-626; Blair, R.V., Vaccari, M., Doyle-Meyers, L.A., Roy, C.J., Russell-Lodrigue, K., Fahlberg, M., Acute respiratory distress in aged, SARS-CoV-2 infected african green monkeys but not rhesus Macaques (2021) Am. J. Pathol, 191, p. 274; Covid-19: four fifths of cases are asymptomatic, China figures indicate (2020) Br. Med. J, 369, p. 375; Borrell, B., (2020) New York clinical trial quietly tests heartburn remedy against coronavirus [Online]. Science Magazine, , https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/new-york-clinical-trial-quietly-tests-heartburn-remedy-against-coronavirus, Accessed May 17, 2020; Burde, R., Seifert, R., Buschauer, A., Schultz, G., Histamine inhibits activation of human neutrophils and HL-60 leukemic cells via H2-receptors (1989) Arch. Pharmacol, 340 (6), pp. 671-678; Butterfield, J.H., Survey of mast cell mediator levels from patients presenting with symptoms of mast cell activation (2020) Int. Arch. Allergy. Immunol, 181 (1), pp. 43-50; Carsana, L., Sonzogni, A., Nasr, A., Rossi, R., Pellegrinelli, A., Zerbi, P., Pulmonary post-mortem findings in a large series of COVID-19 cases from Northern Italy (2020) medRxiv, 20, pp. 1132-1140; Castells, M., Butterfield, J., Mast cell activation syndrome and mastocytosis: initial treatment options and long-term management (2019) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract, 7 (4), pp. 1097-1106; (2020) Nterim clinical guidance for management of patients with confirmed coronavirus diseaseCOVID-19) [Online], , https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-guidance-management-patients.html, Accessed May 17, 2020; Chamberlin, T., The method of multiple working hypotheses (1890) Sci, 15 (366), pp. 92-96; Cheung, K.S., Hung, I.F., Leung, W.K., Association between famotidine use and COVID-19 severity in Hong Kong: a territory-wide study (2020) Gastroenterology; Clark, R.A., Gallin, J.I., Kaplan, A.P., The selective eosinophil chemotactic activity of histamine (1975) J. Exp. Med, 142 (6), pp. 1462-1476; Cohen, P.A., Hall, L., Johns, J.N., Rapoport, A.B., The early natural history of SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical observations from an urban, ambulatory COVID-19 clinic (2020) Mayo Clin. Proc, 95, p. 1124; Conti, P., Caraffa, A., Tete, G., Gallenga, C.E., Ross, R., Kritas, S.K., Mast cells activated by SARS-CoV-2 release histamine which increases IL-1 levels causing cytokine storm and inflammatory reaction in COVID-19 (2020) J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents, 34 (5), pp. 1629-1632; Couzin-Frankel, J., The mystery of the pandemic's 'happy hypoxia (2020) Science, 368 (6490), pp. 455-456; Daczkowski, C.M., Dzimianski, J.V., Clasman, J.R., Goodwin, O., Mesecar, A.D., Pegan, S.D., Structural insights into the interaction of coronavirus papain-like proteases and interferon-stimulated gene product 15 from different species (2017) J. Mol. Biol, 429 (11), pp. 1661-1683; Danis, K., Epaulard, O., Benet, T., Gaymard, A., Campoy, S., Bothelo-Nevers, E., Cluster of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in the French alps, 2020 (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis, 71 (15), pp. 825-832; Day, M., Covid-19: identifying and isolating asymptomatic people helped eliminate virus in Italian village (2020) BMJ, 368, p. m1165; Di Lorenzo, A., Fernandez-Hernando, C., Cirino, G., Sessa, W.C., Akt1 is critical for acute inflammation and histamine-mediated vascular leakage (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106 (34), pp. 14552-14557; Divoux, A., Moutel, S., Poitou, C., Lacasa, D., Veyrie, N., Aissat, A., Mast cells in human adipose tissue: link with morbid obesity, inflammatory status, and diabetes (2012) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab, 97 (9), pp. E1677-E1685; Du, Y., Guo, M., Whitsett, J.A., Xu, Y., LungGENS': a web-based tool for mapping single-cell gene expression in the developing lung (2015) Thorax, 70 (11), pp. 1092-1094; Echizen, H., Ishizaki, T., Clinical pharmacokinetics of famotidine (1991) Clin. Pharmacokinet, 21 (3), pp. 178-194; Eliezer, M., Hautefort, C., Hamel, A.-L., Verillaud, B., Herman, P., Houdart, E., Sudden and complete olfactory loss function as a possible symptom of COVID-19 (2020) JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg, 146, pp. 674-675; Ezeamuzie, C.I., Philips, E., Histamine H(2) receptors mediate the inhibitory effect of histamine on human eosinophil degranulation (2000) Br. J. Pharmacol, 131 (3), pp. 482-488; (1986) EPCID® (famotidine) tablets, for oral use [Online]. US Food and Drug Administration, , https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/019462s039lbl.pdf, Accessed May 17, 2020; Fidan, C., Aydogdu, A., As a potential treatment of COVID-19: Montelukast (2020) Med. Hypotheses, 142, p. 109828; Filatov, A., Sharma, P., Hindi, F., Espinosa, P.S., Neurological complications of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): encephalopathy (2020) Cureus, 12 (3), p. e7352; Flamand, N., Plante, H., Picard, S., Laviolette, M., Borgeat, P., Histamine-induced inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis in human neutrophils: involvement of the H2 receptor and cAMP (2004) Br. J. Pharmacol, 141 (4), pp. 552-561; Freedberg, D.E., Conigliaro, J., Wang, T.C., Tracey, K.J., Callahan, M.V., Abrams, J.A., Famotidine use is associated with improved clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a propensity score matched retrospective cohort study (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 1129-1131; Furukawa, N.W., Brooks, J.T., Sobel, J., Evidence supporting transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 while presymptomatic or asymptomatic (2020) Emerg. Infect. Dis, 26 (7); Gattinoni, L., Chiumello, D., Rossi, S., COVID-19 pneumonia: ARDS or not? (2020) Crit. Care, 24 (1), p. 154; Gespach, C., Abita, J.P., Human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Pharmacological characterization of histamine receptors mediating the elevation of cyclic AMP (1982) Mol. Pharmacol, 21 (1), pp. 78-85; Giacomelli, A., Pezzati, L., Conti, F., Bernacchia, D., Siano, M., Oreni, L., Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis, 71, p. 889; Gonzalez-de-Olano, D., Alvarez-Twose, I., Matito, A., Sanchez-Munoz, L., Kounis, N.G., Escribano, L., Mast cell activation disorders presenting with cerebral vasospasm-related symptoms: a "Kounis-like" syndrome? (2011) Int. J. Cardiol, 150 (2), pp. 210-211; Gordon, D.E., Jang, G.M., Bouhaddou, M., Xu, J., Obernier, K., White, K.M., A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing (2020) Nature, 583 (7816), pp. 459-468; Grifoni, A., Weiskopf, D., Ramirez, S.I., Mateus, J., Dan, J.M., Moderbacher, C.R., Targets of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in humans with COVID-19 disease and unexposed individuals (2020) Cell, 187 (7), p. 15; Guzman, M.G., Harris, E., Dengue (2015) Lancet, 385 (9966), pp. 453-465; Han, D., Wei, T., Zhang, S., Wang, M., Tian, H., Cheng, J., The therapeutic effects of sodium cromoglycate against influenza A virus H5N1 in mice (2016) Influenza Other Respir. Viruses, 10 (1), pp. 57-66; Han, Y.S., Chang, G.G., Juo, C.G., Lee, H.J., Yeh, S.H., Hsu, J.T., Papain-like protease 2 (PLP2) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV): expression, purification, characterization, and inhibition (2005) Biochemistry, 44 (30), pp. 10349-10359; He, G., Sun, W., Fang, P., Huang, J., Gamber, M., Cai, J., The clinical feature of silent infections of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Wenzhou (2020) J. Med. Virol, 92, pp. 1761-1763; Hogan, R.B., Hogan, R.B., Cannon, T., Rappai, M., Studdard, J., Paul, D., Dual-histamine receptor blockade with cetirizine - famotidine reduces pulmonary symptoms in COVID-19 patients (2020) Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther, 63; Hu, Z., Song, C., Xu, C., Jin, G., Chen, Y., Xu, X., Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID-19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China (2020) Sci. China Life Sci, 63 (5), pp. 706-711; Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China (2020) Lancet, 395 (10223), pp. 497-506; Irannejad, R., von Zastrow, M., GPCR signaling along the endocytic pathway (2014) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol, 27, pp. 109-116; Jackson, S.P., Darbousset, R., Schoenwaelder, S.M., Thromboinflammation: challenges of therapeutically targeting coagulation and other host defense mechanisms (2019) Blood, 133 (9), pp. 906-918; Janowitz, T., Gablenz, E., Pattinson, D., Wang, T.C., Conigliaro, J., Tracey, K., Famotidine use and quantitative symptom tracking for COVID-19 in non-hospitalised patients: a case series (2020) Gut, 69, p. 1592; Jean-Charles, P.Y., Kaur, S., Shenoy, S.K., G protein-coupled receptor signaling through beta-arrestin-dependent mechanisms (2017) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol, 70 (3), pp. 142-158; Ki, M., Task Force for -nCo, V., Epidemiologic characteristics of early cases with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) disease in Korea (2020) Epidemiol. Health, 42, p. e2020007; Kounis, N.G., Kounis syndrome: an update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic management (2016) Clin. Chem. Lab. Med, 54 (10), pp. 1545-1559; Kounis, N.G., Koniari, I., Tzanis, G., Soufras, G.D., Velissaris, D., Hahalis, G., Anaphylaxis-induced atrial fibrillation and anesthesia: pathophysiologic and therapeutic considerations (2020) Ann. Card. Anaesth, 23 (1), pp. 1-6; Kritas, S., Ronconi, G., Caraffa, A., Gallenga, C., Ross, R., Conti, P., Mast cells contribute to coronavirus-induced inflammation: new anti-inflammatory strategy (2019) J. Biol. Regul. Homeost. Agents, 34, pp. 9-14; Kroeze, W.K., Sassano, M.F., Huang, X.P., Lansu, K., McCorvy, J.D., Giguere, P.M., PRESTO-Tango as an open-source resource for interrogation of the druggable human GPCRome (2015) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol, 22 (5), pp. 362-369; Krystel-Whittemore, M., Dileepan, K.N., Wood, J.G., Mast cell: a multi-functional master cell (2015) Front Immunol, 6, p. 620; Lai, C.C., Liu, Y.H., Wang, C.Y., Wang, Y.H., Hsueh, S.C., Yen, M.Y., Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): facts and myths (2020) J. Microbiol. Immunol. Infect, 53, pp. 404-412; Lechien, J.R., Chiesa-Estomba, C.M., De Siati, D.R., Horoi, M., Le Bon, S.D., Rodriguez, A., Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study (2020) Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol, 277, p. 2251; Lin, J.H., Chremos, A.N., Kanovsky, S.M., Schwartz, S., Yeh, K.C., Kann, J., Effects of antacids and food on absorption of famotidine (1987) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol, 24 (4), pp. 551-553; Lin, J.H., Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Relationship between intrinsic potency and effective plasma concentrations (1991) Clin. Pharmacokinet, 20 (3), pp. 218-236; Lindner, H.A., Fotouhi-Ardakani, N., Lytvyn, V., Lachance, P., Sulea, T., Menard, R., The papain-like protease from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is a deubiquitinating enzyme (2005) J. Virol, 79 (24), pp. 15199-15208; Lippert, U., Artuc, M., Grutzkau, A., Babina, M., Guhl, S., Haase, I., Human skin mast cells express H2 and H4, but not H3 receptors (2004) J. Invest. Dermatol, 123 (1), pp. 116-123; Long, B., Brady, W.J., Koyfman, A., Gottlieb, M., Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 (2020) Am. J. Emerg. Med, 38, p. 1504; Luo, T., Chen, B., Zhao, Z., He, N., Zeng, Z., Wu, B., Histamine H2 receptor activation exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by disturbing mitochondrial and endothelial function (2013) Basic Res. Cardiol, 108 (3), p. 342; Magro, C., Mulvey, J.J., Berlin, D., Nuovo, G., Salvatore, S., Harp, J., Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: a report of five cases (2020) Transl. Res, 220, pp. 1-13; Mahmud, E., Dauerman, H.L., Welt, F.G., Messenger, J.C., Rao, S.V., Grines, C., Management of acute myocardial infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol, 76, p. 1375; Mao, L., Jin, H., Wang, M., Hu, Y., Chen, S., He, Q., Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in wuhan, China (2020) JAMA Neurol, 77, pp. 683-690; Marone, G., Columbo, M., Triggiani, M., Vigorita, S., Formisano, S., Forskolin inhibits the release of histamine from human basophils and mast cells (1986) Agents Actions, 18 (1-2), pp. 96-99; Marone, G., Granata, F., Spadaro, G., Genovese, A., Triggiani, M., The histamine-cytokine network in allergic inflammation (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 112 (4 Suppl), pp. S83-S88; Mather, J.J.F., Seip, R.L., McKay, R.G., Impact of famotidine use on clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) Am. J. Gastroenterol, 115, p. 1617; McGonagle, D., O'Donnell, J.S., Sharif, K., Emery, P., Bridgewood, C., Immune mechanisms of pulmonary intravascular coagulopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia (2020) Lancet Rheumatol, 2 (7), pp. e437-e445; Merad, M., Martin, J.J.C., Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages (2020) Nat. Rev. Immunol, 20, p. 355; Mielech, A.M., Chen, Y., Mesecar, A.D., Baker, S.C., Nidovirus papain-like proteases: multifunctional enzymes with protease, deubiquitinating and deISGylating activities (2014) Virus. Res, 194, pp. 184-190; Mikawa, K., Akamatsu, H., Nishina, K., Shiga, M., Maekawa, N., Obara, H., The effects of cimetidine, ranitidine, and famotidine on human neutrophil functions (1999) Anesth. Analg, 89 (1), pp. 218-224; Mizumoto, K., Kagaya, K., Zarebski, A., Chowell, G., Estimating the asymptomatic proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on board the Diamond Princess cruise ship, Yokohama, Japan, 2020 (2020) Euro Surveill, 25 (10), p. 180; Mongkolsapaya, J., Dejnirattisai, W., Xu, X.N., Vasanawathana, S., Tangthawornchaikul, N., Chairunsri, A., Original antigenic sin and apoptosis in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (2003) Nat. Med, 9 (7), pp. 921-927; Motta Junior, J.D.S., Miggiolaro, A., Nagashima, S., de Paula, C.B.V., Baena, C.P., Scharfstein, J., Mast cells in alveolar septa of COVID-19 patients: a pathogenic pathway that may link interstitial edema to immunothrombosis (2020) Front Immunol, 11, p. 574862; Nelson, A., Berkestedt, I., Schmidtchen, A., Ljunggren, L., Bodelsson, M., Increased levels of glycosaminoglycans during septic shock: relation to mortality and the antibacterial actions of plasma (2008) Shock, 30 (6), pp. 623-627; Nicolai, L., Leunig, A., Brambs, S., Kaiser, R., Weinberger, T., Weigand, M., Immunothrombotic dysregulation in COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with respiratory failure and coagulopathy (2020) Circulation, 142 (12), pp. 1176-1189; Okayama, Y., Benyon, R.C., Lowman, M.A., Church, M.K., In vitro effects of H1-antihistamines on histamine and PGD2 release from mast cells of human lung, tonsil, and skin (1994) Allergy, 49 (4), pp. 246-253; Oudkerk, M., Buller, H.R., Kuijpers, D., van Es, N., Oudkerk, S.F., McLoud, T.C., Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 Report of the National Institute for Public Health of the Netherlands (2020) Radiology, 297 (1), pp. E216-E222; Pan, X., Chen, D., Xia, Y., Wu, X., Li, T., Ou, X., Asymptomatic cases in a family cluster with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20 (4), pp. 410-411; Panigada, M., Bottino, N., Tagliabue, P., Grasselli, G., Novembrino, C., Chantarangkul, V., Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit. A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis (2020) J. Thromb. Haemost, 18, pp. 1738-1740; Panula, P., Chazot, P.L., Cowart, M., Gutzmer, R., Leurs, R., Liu, W.L., International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine receptors (2015) Pharmacol. Rev, 67 (3), pp. 601-655; Qureshi, A.I., Abd-Allah, F., Alsenani, F., Aytac, E., Borhani-Haghighi, A., Ciccone, A., Management of acute ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection: report of an international panel (2020) Int. J. Stroke, 15, pp. 540-554; Rabier, M., Damon, M., Chanez, P., Mencia-Huerta, J.M., Braquet, P., Bousquet, J., Inhibition by histamine of platelet-activating-factor-induced neutrophil chemotaxis in bronchial asthma (1989) Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol, 89 (23), pp. 314-317; Radermecker, C., Detrembleur, N., Guiot, J., Cavalier, E., Henket, M., d'Emal, C., Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19 (2020) J. Exp. Med, 217 (12), p. 1012; Ranucci, M., Ballotta, A., Di Dedda, U., Bayshnikova, E., Dei Poli, M., Resta, M., The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) J. Thromb. Haemost, 18, pp. 1747-1751; Redoni, M., Yacoub, S., Rivino, L., Giacobbe, D.R., Luzzati, R., Di Bella, S., Dengue: status of current and under-development vaccines (2020) Rev. Med. Virol, 30, p. e2101; Reher, T.M., Brunskole, I., Neumann, D., Seifert, R., Evidence for ligand-specific conformations of the histamine H(2)-receptor in human eosinophils and neutrophils (2012) Biochem. Pharmacol, 84 (9), pp. 1174-1185; Samimagham, H.R., Hassani Azad, M., Haddad, M., Arabi, M., Hooshyar, D., KazemiJahromi, M., The Efficacy of Famotidine in improvement of outcomes in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2020) Trials, 21 (1), p. 848; Schmidt, H.R., Zheng, S., Gurpinar, E., Koehl, A., Manglik, A., Kruse, A.C., Crystal structure of the human σ1 receptor (2016) Nature, 532 (7600), pp. 527-530; Schweitzer, W., Ruder, T., Baumeister, R., Bolliger, S., Thali, M., Meixner, E., Implications for forensic death investigations from first Swiss post-mortem CT in a case of non-hospital treatment with COVID-19 (2020) Forensic Imaging, 21, p. 200378; Scola, A.M., Chong, L.K., Suvarna, S.K., Chess-Williams, R., Peachell, P.T., Desensitisation of mast cell beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses by salmeterol and formoterol (2004) Br. J. Pharmacol, 141 (1), pp. 163-171; Shi, H., Han, X., Jiang, N., Cao, Y., Alwalid, O., Gu, J., Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) Lancet Infect. Dis, 20 (4), pp. 425-434; Shoaibi, A., Fortin, S., Weinstein, R., Berlin, J., Ryan, P., Comparative effectiveness of famotidine in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (2020) Am J Gastroenterol, p. 2023; Somogyi, A., Gugler, R., Clinical pharmacokinetics of cimetidine (1983) Clin. Pharmacokinet, 8 (6), pp. 463-495; Stauch, B., Johansson, L.C., McCorvy, J.D., Patel, N., Han, G.W., Huang, X.P., Structural basis of ligand recognition at the human MT1 melatonin receptor (2019) Nature, 569 (7755), pp. 284-288; Suthar, M.S., Zimmerman, M., Kauffman, R., Mantus, G., Linderman, S., Vanderheiden, A., Rapid generation of neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19 patients (2020) medRxiv, 1 (3), p. 100040; Swatek, K.N., Aumayr, M., Pruneda, J.N., Visser, L.J., Berryman, S., Kueck, A.F., Irreversible inactivation of ISG15 by a viral leader protease enables alternative infection detection strategies (2018) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 115 (10), pp. 2371-2376; Theoharides, T.C., Tsilioni, I., Ren, H., Recent advances in our understanding of mast cell activation - or should it be mast cell mediator disorders? (2019) Expert Rev. Clin. Immunol, 15 (6), pp. 639-656; Tian, S., Hu, N., Lou, J., Chen, K., Kang, X., Xiang, Z., Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing (2020) J. Infect, 80 (4), pp. 401-406. , a; Tian, S., Hu, W., Niu, L., Liu, H., Xu, H., Xiao, S.Y., Pulmonary pathology of early-phase 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in two patients with lung cancer (2020) J. Thorac. Oncol, 15 (5), pp. 700-704. , b; Tomera KM, M.R., Kittah, J.K., Brief report: rapid clinical recovery from severe COVID-19 with high dose famotidine high dose celecoxib adjuvant therapy (2020) Enliven. Pharmacovigil. Drug Saf, 6 (3). , a; Tomera KM, M.R., Kittah, J.K., (2020) Hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with celecoxib and high dose famotidine adjuvant therapy SHOW significant clinical responses. SSRN, , b; Vabret, N., Britton, G.J., Gruber, C., Hegde, S., Kim, J., Kuksin, M., Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science (2020) Immunity, 52, pp. 910-941; Wadee, A.A., Anderson, R., Sher, R., In vitro effects of histamine on eosinophil migration (1980) Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol, 63 (3), pp. 322-329; Wang, D., Hu, B., Hu, C., Zhu, F., Liu, X., Zhang, J., Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 1061-1069; Weiler, C.R., Mast cell activation syndrome: tools for diagnosis and differential diagnosis (2020) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract, 8 (2), pp. 498-506; Weinstock, L.B., Pace, L.A., Rezaie, A., Afrin, L.B., Molderings, G.J., Mast cell activation syndrome: a primer for the gastroenterologist (2020) Dig. Dis. Sci; Who, (2020) Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation, , Report46; Wu, C., Liu, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, P., Zhong, W., Wang, Y., Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods (2020) Acta Pharm. Sin B, 10, p. 766; Wu, D., Wu, T., Liu, Q., Yang, Z., The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: what we know (2020) Int. J. Infect. Dis, 94, pp. 44-48; Wu, Z., McGoogan, J.M., Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention (2020) JAMA, 323, p. 1239; Yeh, K.C., Chremos, A.N., Lin, J.H., Constanzer, M.L., Kanovsky, S.M., Hucker, H.B., Single-dose pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of famotidine in man. Results of multicenter collaborative studies (1987) Biopharm. Drug Dispos, 8 (6), pp. 549-560; Yeramaneni, S., Doshi, P., Sands, K., Cooper, M., Kurbegov, D., Fromell, G., Famotidine use is not associated with 30-day mortality: a coarsened exact match study in 7158 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from a large Healthcare system (2020) Gastroenterology, 160, pp. 919-921; Zeng, Z., Xu, L., Xie, X.-Y., Yan, H.-L., Xie, B.-J., Xu, W.-Z., Pulmonary pathology of early phase COVID-19 pneumonia in a patient with a benign lung lesion (2020) Histopathology, 77 (5), pp. 823-831; Zhang, T., Finn, D.F., Barlow, J.W., Walsh, J.J., Mast cell stabilisers (2016) Eur. J. Pharmacol, 778, pp. 158-168; Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382 (8), pp. 727-733; Zou, L., Ruan, F., Huang, M., Liang, L., Huang, H., Hong, Z., SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients (2020) N. Engl. J. Med, 382 (12), pp. 1177-1179; Zwickl, H., Zwickl-Traxler, E., Pecherstorfer, M., Is neuronal histamine signaling involved in cancer cachexia? Implications and perspectives (2019) Front Oncol, 9, p. 1409 PY - 2021 SN - 16639812 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms T2 - Frontiers in Pharmacology TI - COVID-19: Famotidine, Histamine, Mast Cells, and Mechanisms UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103787204&doi=10.3389%2ffphar.2021.633680&partnerID=40&md5=864cdb81888cdc7403759b276d352d34 VL - 12 ID - 55 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The current COVID-19 global pandemic has disrupted life in many ways. Adapting to a “new normal” continues to be an unsettling experience for many of us. For individuals with chronic pain, adaptation is familiar. In this study we turn to their experience to better understand what resilience can look like in the setting of major life changes. Participants were recruited from an outpatient pain management clinic from mid-March through June 2020 and completed measures assessing resilience, chronic pain acceptance, and an open-ended question examining the impact of chronic pain on their experience during COVID-19. Qualitative and quantitative analyses identified themes of acceptance and resilience. Furthermore, baseline depression was found to be associated with less cognitive/affective positivity (an aspect of resilience) and less pain willingness (an aspect of acceptance). In this brief snapshot of the chronic pain experience, we are reminded of the invaluable lessons learned from our patients. They offer us a model of resilience from which we can foster our own overall wellbeing in the context of continued stress and disruption. © 2020 Association for Contextual Behavioral Science AD - Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States AU - Margolies, S. O. AU - Patidar, S. M. AU - Chidgey, B. A. AU - Goetzinger, A. AU - Sanford, J. B. AU - Short, N. A. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.10.010 J2 - J. Contextual Behav. Sci. KW - Acceptance Chronic pain COVID-19 Psychological flexibility Resilience LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Margolies, S.O.; UNC Hospitals, N2198, United States; email: skye_margolies@med.unc.edu References: Almarzooqi, S., Chilcot, J., McCracken, L.M., The role of psychological flexibility in migraine headache impact and depression (2017) Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6 (2), pp. 239-243; Barzilay, R., Moore, T.M., Greenberg, D.M., DiDomenico, G.E., Brown, L.A., White, L.K., Gur, R.E., Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers (2020) Translational Psychiatry, 10 (1), pp. 1-8; Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., Steer, R.A., An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties (1988) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56 (6), p. 893; Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., Beck, J.S., Newman, C.F., Hopelessness, depression, suicidal ideation, and clinical diagnosis of depression (1993) Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 23 (2), pp. 139-145; Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., Brown, G., Beck depression inventory–II (1996), Psychological Assessment; Brown, G.K., Nicassio, P.M., Development of a questionnaire for the assessment of active and passive coping strategies in chronic pain patients (1987) PAIN®, 31 (1), pp. 53-64; Chen, S., Bonanno, G.A., Psychological adjustment during the global outbreak of COVID-19: A resilience perspective (2020) Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12 (S1), p. S51; Cleeland, C.S., Ryan, K.M., Pain assessment: Global use of the brief pain inventory (1994) Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore, 23 (2), pp. 129-138; Davey, A., Chilcot, J., Driscoll, E., McCracken, L.M., Psychological flexibility, self-compassion and daily functioning in chronic pain (2020) Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science; Dawson, D.L., Golijani-Moghaddam, N., COVID-19: Psychological flexibility, coping, mental health, and wellbeing in the UK during the pandemic (2020) Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 17, pp. 126-134; Gentili, C., Rickardsson, J., Zetterqvist, V., Simons, L., Lekander, M., Wicksell, R.K., Psychological flexibility as a resilience factor in individuals with chronic pain (2019) Frontiers in Psychology, 10, p. 2016; Goubert, L., Trompetter, H., Towards a science and practice of resilience in the face of pain (2017) European Journal of Pain, 21 (8), pp. 1301-1315; Hayes, S.C., Luoma, J.B., Bond, F.W., Masuda, A., Lillis, J., Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes (2006) Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44 (1), pp. 1-25; Jackson, K., Bazeley, P., Qualitative data analysis with NVivo (2019), SAGE Publications Limited; Killgore, W.D., Cloonen, S.A., Taylor, E.C., Dailey, N.S., Loneliness: A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19 (2020) Psychiatry Research, p. 113117; Killgore, W.D., Taylor, E.C., Cloonan, S.A., Dailey, N.S., Psychological resilience during the COVID-19 lockdown (2020) Psychiatry Research, p. 113216; McCracken, L.M., Learning to live with the pain: Acceptance of pain predicts adjustment in persons with chronic pain (1998) Pain, 74 (1), pp. 21-27; McCracken, L.M., Vowles, K.E., Eccleston, C., Acceptance of chronic pain: Component analysis and a revised assessment method (2004) Pain, 107 (1-2), pp. 159-166; McCracken, L.M., Vowles, K.E., Eccleston, C., Acceptance-based treatment for persons with complex, long standing chronic pain: A preliminary analysis of treatment outcome in comparison to a waiting phase (2005) Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43 (10), pp. 1335-1346; Merikangas, K., Milham, M., Sringaris, A., Bromet, E., Colcombe, S., Zipunnikov, V., The CoRonavIruS health impact survey (CRISIS) (2020), Adult Self-Report Baseline Form; Rolbiecki, A., Subramanian, R., Crenshaw, B., Albright, D.L., Perreault, M., Mehr, D., A qualitative exploration of resilience among patients living with chronic pain (2017) Traumatology, 23 (1), p. 89; Slepian, P.M., Ankawi, B., France, C.R., Longitudinal analysis supports a fear-avoidance model that incorporates pain resilience alongside pain catastrophizing (2020) Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 54 (5), pp. 335-345; Slepian, P.M., Ankawi, B., Himawan, L.K., France, C.R., Development and initial validation of the pain resilience scale (2016) The Journal of Pain, 17 (4), pp. 462-472; Turk, D.C., Fillingim, R.B., Ohrbach, R., Patel, K.V., Assessment of psychosocial and functional impact of chronic pain (2016) The Journal of Pain, 17 (9), pp. T21-T49; Vowles, K.E., McCracken, L.M., Comparing the role of psychological flexibility and traditional pain management coping strategies in chronic pain treatment outcomes (2010) Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48 (2), pp. 141-146; Vowles, K.E., Witkiewitz, K., Sowden, G., Ashworth, J., Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: Evidence of mediation and clinically significant change following an abbreviated interdisciplinary program of rehabilitation (2014) The Journal of Pain, 15 (1), pp. 101-113; Wicksell, R.K., Olsson, G.L., Hayes, S.C., Psychological flexibility as a mediator of improvement in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for patients with chronic pain following whiplash (2010) European Journal of Pain, 14 (10), p. 1059. , e1051-1059. e1011 PY - 2021 SN - 22121447 (ISSN) SP - 12-16 ST - Growth in crisis: A mixed methods study of lessons from our patients with chronic pain during the COVID-19 pandemic T2 - Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science TI - Growth in crisis: A mixed methods study of lessons from our patients with chronic pain during the COVID-19 pandemic UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096143537&doi=10.1016%2fj.jcbs.2020.10.010&partnerID=40&md5=f4b1b13bfe42291cb2cb110efd0cc838 VL - 19 ID - 222 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; StanfordCA, United States Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System; Palo AltoCA, United States Department of Anesthesiology; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel HillNC, United States Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine; University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada AU - Mariano, E. R. AU - Kou, A. AU - Stiegler, M. A. AU - Matava, C. C2 - 33246260 C7 - 110145 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.110145 J2 - J. Clin. Anesth. KW - anesthesiologist clinical practice coronavirus disease 2019 Food and Drug Administration human intubation Letter nonhuman online social network pandemic priority journal publication Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 social media United States viral respiratory tract infection virus transmission aerosol prevention and control Aerosols Anesthesiologists COVID-19 Humans SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Letter N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JCLBE Correspondence Address: Mariano, E.R.; Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care Service, 3801 Miranda Avenue (112A), United States; email: emariano@stanford.edu Chemicals/CAS: Aerosols References: Lockhart, S.L., Duggan, L.V., Wax, R.S., Saad, S., Grocott, H.P., Personal protective equipment (PPE) for both anesthesiologists and other airway managers: principles and practice during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Can J Anaesth, 67, pp. 1005-1015; Kearney, M.W., Heiss, A., Briatte, F., rtweet: Collecting Twitter Data https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/rtweet/index.html2020; Lai, H.Y., Aerosol Box (2020), https://sites.google.com/view/aerosolbox/design; Canelli, R., Connor, C.W., Gonzalez, M., Nozari, A., Ortega, R., Barrier enclosure during endotracheal intubation (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1957-1958; Begley, J.L., Lavery, K.E., Nickson, C.P., Brewster, D.J., The aerosol box for intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: an in-situ simulation crossover study (2020) Anaesthesia., 75, pp. 1014-1021; Simpson, J.P., Wong, D.N., Verco, L., Carter, R., Dzidowski, M., Chan, P.Y., Measurement of airborne particle exposure during simulated tracheal intubation using various proposed aerosol containment devices during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Anaesthesia PY - 2021 SN - 09528180 (ISSN) ST - The rise and fall of the COVID-19 aerosol box through the lens of Twitter T2 - Journal of Clinical Anesthesia TI - The rise and fall of the COVID-19 aerosol box through the lens of Twitter UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097082221&doi=10.1016%2fj.jclinane.2020.110145&partnerID=40&md5=a97612c7a0d395d76288adad3c4121b9 VL - 69 ID - 28 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Background & Aims: Chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis are associated with immune dysregulation, leading to concerns that affected patients may be at risk of adverse outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on patients with pre-existing liver disease, which currently remains ill-defined. Methods: Between 25th March and 8th July 2020, data on 745 patients with CLD and SARS-CoV-2 (including 386 with and 359 without cirrhosis) were collected by 2 international registries and compared to data on non-CLD patients with SARS-CoV-2 from a UK hospital network. Results: Mortality was 32% in patients with cirrhosis compared to 8% in those without (p <0.001). Mortality in patients with cirrhosis increased according to Child-Pugh class (A [19%], B [35%], C [51%]) and the main cause of death was from respiratory failure (71%). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, factors associated with death in the total CLD cohort were age (odds ratio [OR] 1.02; 1.01–1.04), Child-Pugh A (OR 1.90; 1.03–3.52), B (OR 4.14; 2.4–7.65), or C (OR 9.32; 4.80–18.08) cirrhosis and alcohol-related liver disease (OR 1.79; 1.03–3.13). Compared to patients without CLD (n = 620), propensity-score-matched analysis revealed significant increases in mortality in those with Child-Pugh B (+20.0% [8.8%–31.3%]) and C (+38.1% [27.1%–49.2%]) cirrhosis. Acute hepatic decompensation occurred in 46% of patients with cirrhosis, of whom 21% had no respiratory symptoms. Half of those with hepatic decompensation had acute-on-chronic liver failure. Conclusions: In the largest such cohort to date, we demonstrate that baseline liver disease stage and alcohol-related liver disease are independent risk factors for death from COVID-19. These data have important implications for the risk stratification of patients with CLD across the globe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lay summary: This international registry study demonstrates that patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk of death from COVID-19. Mortality from COVID-19 was particularly high among patients with more advanced cirrhosis and those with alcohol-related liver disease. © 2020 European Association for the Study of the Liver AD - Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North CarolinaNC, United States Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Tropical Medicine and Infectious diseases Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt Department of Medicine, Section of Hepatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu-Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz, Iran Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico Barts Liver Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust & Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, QMUL, London, United Kingdom Division of Digestive Health and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States Sheila Sherlock Liver Unit, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom Cambridge Liver Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States CHESS Center, Institute of Portal Hypertension, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States Liver Center, Gastrointestinal Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease, Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China AU - Marjot, T. AU - Moon, A. M. AU - Cook, J. A. AU - Abd-Elsalam, S. AU - Aloman, C. AU - Armstrong, M. J. AU - Pose, E. AU - Brenner, E. J. AU - Cargill, T. AU - Catana, M. A. AU - Dhanasekaran, R. AU - Eshraghian, A. AU - García-Juárez, I. AU - Gill, U. S. AU - Jones, P. D. AU - Kennedy, J. AU - Marshall, A. AU - Matthews, C. AU - Mells, G. AU - Mercer, C. AU - Perumalswami, P. V. AU - Avitabile, E. AU - Qi, X. AU - Su, F. AU - Ufere, N. N. AU - Wong, Y. J. AU - Zheng, M. H. AU - Barnes, E. AU - Barritt, A. S. Iv AU - Webb, G. J. C2 - 33035628 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.024 IS - 3 J2 - J. Hepatol. KW - Acute-on-chronic liver failure Chronic liver disease Cirrhosis COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 alpha interferon chloroquine hydroxychloroquine lopinavir plus ritonavir acute on chronic liver failure adolescent adult age aged alcohol liver disease antiviral therapy Article case control study case fatality rate cause of death child Child Pugh score cohort analysis comparative study controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 decompensated liver cirrhosis disease course disease registry female hospital mortality human infant liver cirrhosis major clinical study male middle aged mild hepatic impairment moderate hepatic impairment mortality rate mortality risk newborn outcome assessment priority journal propensity score respiratory failure risk factor Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 severe hepatic impairment staging United Kingdom very elderly disease exacerbation global health hospitalization isolation and purification liver function test mortality procedures register risk assessment therapy Disease Progression Humans Liver Function Tests Registries Risk Factors LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :22 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JOHEE Correspondence Address: Marjot, T.; Oxford Liver Unit, United Kingdom; email: Thomas.marjot@ndm.ox.ac.uk Chemicals/CAS: chloroquine, 132-73-0, 3545-67-3, 50-63-5, 54-05-7; hydroxychloroquine, 118-42-3, 525-31-5 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, T32 DK007634 Funding details: North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UL1TR002489 Funding details: Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, BRC Funding details: NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre Funding details: National Institute for Health Research, NIHR, 211042/Z/18/Z Funding details: University of Oxford Funding details: European Association for the Study of the Liver, EASL, 2020RG03 Funding text 1: The COVID-Hep.net registry is supported by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) (2020RG03). This work was also supported by the National Institutes of Health grant T32 DK007634 (AMM and EJB), and North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (CTSA grant number UL1TR002489). We acknowledge the support of the National Institutes of Health, through Grant Award Number UL1TR002489. TC was funded as an academic clinical fellow by NIHR and by WT training fellowship for clinicians (grant number 211042/Z/18/Z). EB is supported by the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. Funding text 2: The COVID-Hep.net registry is supported by the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) ( 2020RG03 ). This work was also supported by the National Institutes of Health grant T32 DK007634 (AMM and EJB), and North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute (CTSA grant number UL1TR002489 ). We acknowledge the support of the National Institutes of Health , through Grant Award Number UL1TR002489 . TC was funded as an academic clinical fellow by NIHR and by WT training fellowship for clinicians (grant number 211042/Z/18/Z). EB is supported by the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. Funding text 3: We conducted a multinational cohort study using an open online reporting form for patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 and CLD. Data were collected between 25th March 2020 and 8th July 2020 through 2 collaborating online registries (SECURE-cirrhosis co-ordinated by University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA and COVID-Hep.net co-ordinated by University of Oxford and supported by The European Association for the Study of the Liver). The registries were widely advertised through the communication channels of multiple endorsing gastroenterology and hepatology societies, direct emails to hepatology providers, and through social media. Submitting clinicians were asked to complete a case report form of clinical data at the end of their patient's disease course, defined as resolution of clinical signs of COVID-19, discharge from hospital, or death. A copy of the data collection tool is available in the supplementary information and was identical for both registries. References: Yang, J., Zheng, Y., Gou, X., Pu, K., Chen, Z., Guo, Q., Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Int J Infect Dis, 94, pp. 91-95; Asrani, S.K., Devarbhavi, H., Eaton, J., Kamath, P.S., Burden of liver diseases in the world (2019) J Hepatol, 70, pp. 151-171; Pimpin, L., Cortez-Pinto, H., Negro, F., Corbould, E., Lazarus, J.V., Webber, L., Burden of liver disease in Europe: epidemiology and analysis of risk factors to identify prevention policies (2018) J Hepatol, 69, pp. 718-735; Albillos, A., Lario, M., Álvarez-Mon, M., Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance (2014) J Hepatol, 61, pp. 1385-1396; Boettler, T., Newsome, P.N., Mondelli, M.U., Maticic, M., Cordero, E., Cornberg, M., Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper (2020) JHEP Rep, 2, p. 100113; Sarin, S.K., Choudhury, A., Lau, G.K., Zheng, M.-H., Ji, D., Abd-Elsalam, S., Pre-existing liver disease is associated with poor outcome in patients with SARS CoV2 infection; the APCOLIS Study (APASL COVID-19 Liver Injury Spectrum Study) (2020) Hepatol Int, pp. 1-11; Bajaj, J.S., Garcia-Tsao, G., Biggins, S., Kamath, P.S., Wong, F., McGeorge, S., Comparison of mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 compared with patients with cirrhosis alone and COVID-19 alone: multicentre matched cohort (2020) Gut, , gutjnl-2020-322118; Iavarone, M., D'Ambrosio, R., Soria, A., Triolo, M., Pugliese, N., Del Poggio, P., High rates of 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 (2020) J Hepatol, 73 (5), pp. 1063-1071; Hashemi, N., Viveiros, K., Redd, W.D., Zhou, J.C., McCarty, T.R., Bazarbashi, A.N., Impact of chronic liver disease on outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicentre United States experience (2020) Liver Int, 40 (10), pp. 2515-2521; Singh, S., Khan, A., Clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 among patients with preexisting liver disease in the United States: a multicenter research network study (2020) Gastroenterology, 159 (2), pp. 768-771.e3; Qi, X., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Fallowfield, J., Wang, J., Li, X., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis: a multicentre cohort study (2020) Gut; Moon, A.M., Singal, A.G., Tapper, E.B., Contemporary epidemiology of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis (2019) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 18 (12), pp. 2650-2666; Harris, P.A., Taylor, R., Minor, B.L., Elliott, V., Fernandez, M., O'Neal, L., The REDCap consortium: building an international community of software platform partners (2019) J Biomed Inform, 95, p. 103208; Moon, A.M., Webb, G.J., Aloman, C., Armstrong, M.J., Cargill, T., Dhanasekaran, R., High mortality rates for SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: preliminary results from an international registry (2020) J Hepatol, 73 (3), pp. 705-708; Collins, G.S., Altman, D.G., An independent and external validation of QRISK2 cardiovascular disease risk score: a prospective open cohort study (2010) BMJ, 340, p. c2442; Moreau, R., Jalan, R., Gines, P., Pavesi, M., Angeli, P., Cordoba, J., Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis (2013) Gastroenterology, 144, pp. 1426-1437. , 1437.e1-9; Jalan, R., Saliba, F., Pavesi, M., Amoros, A., Moreau, R., Ginès, P., Development and validation of a prognostic score to predict mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (2014) J Hepatol, 61, pp. 1038-1047; (2015) Clerical Changes for Implementation of Adding Serum Sodium to the MELD Score. Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network; Garrido, M.M., Kelley, A.S., Paris, J., Roza, K., Meier, D.E., Morrison, R.S., Methods for constructing and assessing propensity scores (2014) Health Serv Res, 49, pp. 1701-1720; Schmidt, M.L., Barritt, A.S., Orman, E.S., Hayashi, P.H., Decreasing mortality among patients hospitalized with cirrhosis in the United States from 2002 through 2010 (2015) Gastroenterology, 148, pp. 967-977.e2; Kanwal, F., Tansel, A., Kramer, J.R., Feng, H., Asch, S.M., El-Serag, H.B., Trends in 30-day and 1-year mortality among patients hospitalized with cirrhosis from 2004 to 2013 (2017) Am J Gastroenterol, 112, pp. 1287-1297; Schütte, A., Ciesek, S., Wedemeyer, H., Lange, C.M., Influenza virus infection as precipitating event of acute-on-chronic liver failure (2019) J Hepatol, 70, pp. 797-799; Fine, M.J., Auble, T.E., Yealy, D.M., Hanusa, B.H., Weissfeld, L.A., Singer, D.E., A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia (1997) N Engl J Med, 336, pp. 243-250; Shah, B.A., Ahmed, W., Dhobi, G.N., Shah, N.N., Khursheed, S.Q., Haq, I., Validity of pneumonia severity index and CURB-65 severity scoring systems in community acquired pneumonia in an Indian setting (2010) Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci, 52 (1), pp. 9-17; Introduction to the ESMO COVID-19 Palliative Care Pathways n.d https://www.esmo.org/covid-19-and-cancer/covid-19-full-coverage/covid-19-useful-resources/covid-19-palliative-care-pathways, Available at:; Boettler, T., Marjot, T., Newsome, P.N., Mondelli, M.U., Maticic, M., Cordero, E., Impact of COVID-19 on the care of patients with liver disease: EASL-ESCMID position paper after 6 months of the pandemic (2020) JHEP Rep, 2, p. 100169; Webb, G.J., Marjot, T., Cook, J.A., Aloman, C., Armstrong, M.J., Brenner, E.J., Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients: an international registry study (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5 (11), pp. 1008-1016; Chai, X., Hu, L., Zhang, Y., Han, Y., Lu, Z., Ke, A., Specific ACE2 expression in cholangiocytes may cause liver damage after 2019-nCoV infection (2020) BioRxiv; Zhao, B., Ni, C., Gao, R., Wang, Y., Yang, L., Wei, J., Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cholangiocyte damage with human liver ductal organoids (2020) Protein Cell, 11 (10), pp. 771-775; Wang, Y., Liu, S., Liu, H., Li, W., Lin, F., Jiang, L., SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Hepatol, 73 (4), pp. 807-816; De Smet, V., Verhulst, S., van Grunsven, L.A., Single cell RNA sequencing analysis did not predict hepatocyte infection by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J Hepatol, 73 (4), pp. 993-995; Morgan, K., Samuel, K., Vandeputte, M., Hayes, P.C., Plevris, J.N., SARS-CoV-2 infection and the liver (2020) Pathogens, 9 (6), p. 430; Assante, G., Williams, R., Youngson, N.A., Is the increased risk for MAFLD patients to develop severe COVID-19 linked to perturbation of the gut-liver axis? (2020) J Hepatol; Fraga, M., Moradpour, D., Artru, F., Romailler, E., Tschopp, J., Schneider, A., Hepatocellular type II fibrinogen inclusions in a patient with severe COVID-19 and hepatitis (2020) J Hepatol, 73 (4), pp. 967-970; Sonzogni, A., Previtali, G., Seghezzi, M., Grazia Alessio, M., Gianatti, A., Licini, L., Liver histopathology in severe COVID 19 respiratory failure is suggestive of vascular alterations (2020) Liver Int, 40 (9), pp. 2110-2116; Jothimani, D., Venugopal, R., Abedin, M.F., Kaliamoorthy, I., Rela, M., COVID-19 and liver (2020) J Hepatol, 73 (5), pp. 1231-1240; WHO. GLOBAL STATUS REPORT on noncommunicable diseases 2014. n.d; Williams, R., Alexander, G., Aspinall, R., Batterham, R., Bhala, N., Bosanquet, N., Gathering momentum for the way ahead: fifth report of the lancet standing commission on liver disease in the UK (2018) Lancet, 392, pp. 2398-2412; Hydes, T., Gilmore, W., Sheron, N., Gilmore, I., Treating alcohol-related liver disease from a public health perspective (2019) J Hepatol, 70, pp. 223-236; Moon, A.M., Yang, J.Y., Barritt, A.S., Bataller, R., Peery, A.F., Rising mortality from alcohol-associated liver disease in the United States in the 21st century (2020) Am J Gastroenterol, 115, pp. 79-87; Barritt, A.S., Jiang, Y., Schmidt, M., Hayashi, P.H., Bataller, R., Charges for alcoholic cirrhosis exceed all other etiologies of cirrhosis combined: a National and State Inpatient Survey analysis (2019) Dig Dis Sci, 64, pp. 1460-1469; Kim, J.U., Majid, A., Judge, R., Crook, P., Nathwani, R., Selvapatt, N., Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on alcohol consumption in patients with pre-existing alcohol use disorder (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5 (10), pp. 886-887; Ahmed, M.Z., Ahmed, O., Aibao, Z., Hanbin, S., Siyu, L., Ahmad, A., Epidemic of COVID-19 in China and associated psychological problems (2020) Asian J Psychiatr, 51, p. 102092; Clay, J.M., Parker, M.O., Alcohol use and misuse during the COVID-19 pandemic: a potential public health crisis? (2020) Lancet Public Heal, 5, p. e259; Shah, N.D., Ventura-Cots, M., Abraldes, J.G., Alboraie, M., Alfadhli, A., Argemi, J., Alcohol-related liver disease is rarely detected at early stages compared with liver diseases of other etiologies worldwide (2019) Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol, 17, pp. 2320-2329.e12; Happel, K.I., Alcohol, immunosuppression, and the lung (2005) Proc Am Thorac Soc, 2, pp. 428-432; Szabo, G., Saha, B., Alcohol's effect on host defense (2015) Alcohol Res, 37, pp. 159-170; Pasala, S., Barr, T., Messaoudi, I., Impact of alcohol abuse on the adaptive immune system (2015) Alcohol Res, 37, pp. 185-197; Crews, F.T., Bechara, R., Brown, L.A., Guidot, D.M., Mandrekar, P., Oak, S., Cytokines and alcohol (2006) Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 30, pp. 720-730 PY - 2021 SN - 01688278 (ISSN) SP - 567-577 ST - Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: An international registry study T2 - Journal of Hepatology TI - Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: An international registry study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85094681277&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhep.2020.09.024&partnerID=40&md5=a859630a3a8ce9d721919a8eb543d004 VL - 74 ID - 98 ER - TY - JOUR AD - Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Cambridge Liver Unit, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica August Pi-Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Liver and Gastroenterology Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom AU - Marjot, T. AU - Webb, G. J. AU - Barritt, A. S. AU - Ginès, P. AU - Lohse, A. W. AU - Moon, A. M. AU - Pose, E. AU - Trivedi, P. AU - Barnes, E. C2 - 33444545 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00008-X IS - 3 J2 - Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol. KW - hepatitis C vaccine messenger RNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine autoimmune liver disease CD4+ T lymphocyte CD8+ T lymphocyte coronavirus disease 2019 drug efficacy drug safety Hepatitis B virus human immune deficiency immune response liver cirrhosis liver disease liver transplantation mortality mortality rate Note seroconversion Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 social distancing vaccination adaptive immunity clinical trial (topic) drug effect epidemiology immunology needs assessment pharmacology prevention and control procedures vaccine immunogenicity virology Clinical Trials as Topic COVID-19 COVID-19 Vaccines Humans Immunogenicity, Vaccine Liver Diseases SARS-CoV-2 LA - English M3 - Note N1 - Cited By :3 Export Date: 4 May 2021 Chemicals/CAS: COVID-19 Vaccines Manufacturers: Astra Zeneca; BioNTech; Moderna; Pfizer Funding details: National Institute for Health Research, NIHR Funding details: Wellcome Trust, WT Funding details: Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, BRC Funding text 1: We declare no competing interests. TM is supported by the Wellcome Trust as a Clinical Research Fellow. EB is supported by the Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR, or the Department of Health. References: Polack, F.P., Thomas, S.J., Kitchin, N., Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine (2020) N Engl J Med, 383, pp. 2603-2615; Voysey, M., Clemens, S.A.C., Madhi, S.A., Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK (2021) Lancet, 397, pp. 99-111; Baden, L.R., El Sahly, H.M., Essink, B., Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (2020) N Engl J Med, , published online Dec 30; Kelly, C., Swadling, L., Capone, S., Chronic hepatitis C viral infection subverts vaccine-induced T-cell immunity in humans (2016) Hepatology, 63, pp. 1455-1470; Piano, S., Brocca, A., Mareso, S., Angeli, P., Infections complicating cirrhosis (2018) Liver Int, 38, pp. 126-133; Marjot, T., Moon, A.M., Cook, J.A., Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: an international registry study (2020) J Hepatol, , published online Oct 6; Aggeletopoulou, I., Davoulou, P., Konstantakis, C., Thomopoulos, K., Triantos, C., Response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with liver cirrhosis (2017) Rev Med Virol, 27; McCashland, T.M., Preheim, L.C., Gentry, M.J., Pneumococcal vaccine response in cirrhosis and liver transplantation (2000) J Infect Dis, 181, pp. 757-760; Harmala, S., Parisinos, C.A., Shallcross, L., O'Brien, A., Hayward, A., Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in adults with chronic liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2019) BMJ Open, 9; Stroffolini, T., Lombardi, A., Ciancio, A., Hepatitis B vaccine coverage and risk factors for lack of vaccination in subjects with HBsAg negative liver cirrhosis in Italy: still, much work should be done (2020) Dig Liver Dis, , published online Nov 5; Danziger-Isakov, L., Kumar, D., Vaccination of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice (2019) Clin Transplant, 33; Chong, P.P., Avery, R.K., A comprehensive review of immunization practices in solid organ transplant and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (2017) Clin Ther, 39, pp. 1581-1598; Webb, G.J., Marjot, T., Cook, J.A., Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients: an international registry study (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol, 5, pp. 1008-1016; Sahin, U., Muik, A., Derhovanessian, E., COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and TH1 T cell responses (2020) Nature, 586, pp. 594-599; Ramasamy, M.N., Minassian, A.M., Ewer, K.J., Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine administered in a prime-boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single-blind, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial (2021) Lancet, 396, pp. 1979-1993 PY - 2021 SN - 24681253 (ISSN) SP - 156-158 ST - SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with liver disease: responding to the next big question T2 - The Lancet Gastroenterology and Hepatology TI - SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with liver disease: responding to the next big question UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85100013435&doi=10.1016%2fS2468-1253%2821%2900008-X&partnerID=40&md5=0ea764c0439e6e38b2cf71cf66f38803 VL - 6 ID - 88 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Our understanding of the hepatic consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its resultant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved rapidly since the onset of the pandemic. In this Review, we discuss the hepatotropism of SARS-CoV-2, including the differential expression of viral receptors on liver cell types, and we describe the liver histology features present in patients with COVID-19. We also provide an overview of the pattern and relevance of abnormal liver biochemistry during COVID-19 and present the possible underlying direct and indirect mechanisms for liver injury. Furthermore, large international cohorts have been able to characterize the disease course of COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic liver disease. Patients with cirrhosis have particularly high rates of hepatic decompensation and death following SARS-CoV-2 infection and we outline hypotheses to explain these findings, including the possible role of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. This finding contrasts with outcome data in pharmacologically immunosuppressed patients after liver transplantation who seem to have comparatively better outcomes from COVID-19 than those with advanced liver disease. Finally, we discuss the approach to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation and predict how changes in social behaviours and clinical care pathways during the pandemic might lead to increased liver disease incidence and severity. © 2021, Springer Nature Limited. AD - Oxford Liver Unit, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Cambridge Liver Unit, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong AU - Marjot, T. AU - Webb, G. J. AU - Barritt, A. S. Iv AU - Moon, A. M. AU - Stamataki, Z. AU - Wong, V. W. AU - Barnes, E. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1038/s41575-021-00426-4 J2 - Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. LA - English M3 - Review N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Marjot, T.; Oxford Liver Unit, United Kingdom; email: thomas.marjot@ndm.ox.ac.uk Correspondence Address: Barnes, E.; Oxford Liver Unit, United Kingdom; email: ellie.barnes@ndm.ox.ac.uk Funding details: European Association for the Study of the Liver, EASL, 2020RG03 Funding details: National Institute for Health Research, NIHR Funding details: Medical Research Foundation, MRF-169-0001-F-STAM-C0826 Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, T32 DK007634 Funding details: Wellcome Trust, WT, 102176/B/13/Z Funding details: Gilead Sciences Funding text 1: T.M., G.J.W. and E.B. have received registry grant funding from the European Association for Study of the Liver (EASL) (grant number 2020RG03). T.M. is funded via a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Fellowship (grant number 102176/B/13/Z). A.M.M. has received grant funding from the National Institutes of Health (grant number T32 DK007634). V.W.W. has received a grant funding from Gilead Sciences for fatty liver research. Z.S. is supported by the Medical Research Foundation (grant number MRF-169-0001-F-STAM-C0826) E.B. is supported by the Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre and is an NIHR Senior Investigator. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the UK Department of Health. References: (2021), https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, CSSE, Johns Hopkins University (JHU); Berlin, D.A., Gulick, R.M., Martinez, F.J., Severe Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 2451-2460. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXis1yks7bL, PID: 32412710; Tay, M.Z., Poh, C.M., Renia, L., MacAry, P.A., Ng, L.F.P., The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention (2020) Nat. Rev. Immunol., 20, pp. 363-374. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXot1aksbw%3D, PID: 32346093; (2020) Clinical Management of COVID-19: Interim Guidance; Williamson, E.J., Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY (2020) Nature, 584, pp. 430-436. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFegtbzK, PID: 32640463; Ioannou, G.N., Risk factors for hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or death among 10131 US veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) JAMA Netw. Open, 3. , PID: 32965502; Group, R.C., Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 - preliminary report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med.; Wiersinga, W.J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A.C., Peacock, S.J., Prescott, H.C., Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review (2020) JAMA, 324, pp. 782-793. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhslamu73N, PID: 32648899; Albillos, A., Lario, M., Álvarez-Mon, M., Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance (2014) J. Hepatol., 61, pp. 1385-1396. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2cXhsF2mu7rI, PID: 25135860; Tapper, E.B., Robson, S.C., Malik, R., Coagulopathy in cirrhosis - the role of the platelet in hemostasis (2013) J. Hepatol., 59, pp. 889-890. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXht1ekt73F, PID: 23669288; Collaborators, G.B.D.C., The global, regional, and national burden of cirrhosis by cause in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 5, pp. 245-266; Pirola, C.J., Sookoian, S., SARS-CoV-2 virus and liver expression of host receptors: putative mechanisms of liver involvement in COVID-19 (2020) Liver Int., 40, pp. 2038-2040. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVCmsb3L, PID: 32352224, Gene expression profiles human liver showing ACE2 receptors present on cholangiocytes and hepatocytes; Qi, F., Qian, S., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Single cell RNA sequencing of 13 human tissues identify cell types and receptors of human coronaviruses (2020) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 526, pp. 135-140. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXlt1Wrt78%3D, PID: 32199615; De Smet, V., Verhulst, S., van Grunsven, L.A., Single cell RNA sequencing analysis did not predict hepatocyte infection by SARS-CoV-2 (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 993-995. , PID: 32473193, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFShtL7J; Chu, H., Comparative tropism, replication kinetics, and cell damage profiling of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV with implications for clinical manifestations, transmissibility, and laboratory studies of COVID-19: an observational study (2020) Lancet Microbe, 1, pp. e14-e23. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXit1Kms73M, PID: 32835326; Ma-Lauer, Y., p53 down-regulates SARS coronavirus replication and is targeted by the SARS-unique domain and PLpro via E3 ubiquitin ligase RCHY1 (2016) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 113, pp. E5192-E5201. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC28XhtlChsLnL, PID: 27519799; Zhao, B., Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cholangiocyte damage with human liver ductal organoids (2020) Protein Cell, 11, pp. 771-775. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXns1Wkurk%3D, PID: 32303993, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression on liver ductal organoids permitting SARS-CoV-2 infection; Gaebler, C., Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2 (2021) Nature; Yang, L., A human pluripotent stem cell-based platform to study SARS-CoV-2 tropism and model virus infection in human cells and organoids (2020) Cell Stem Cell, 27, pp. 125-136.e7. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXht1alsbvM, PID: 32579880; Paizis, G., Chronic liver injury in rats and humans upregulates the novel enzyme angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (2005) Gut, 54, pp. 1790-1796. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtlWkur7J, PID: 16166274, Study pre-COVID-19 era demonstrating upregulated hepatic ACE2 expression patients with cirrhosis; Fondevila, M.F., Obese patients with NASH have increased hepatic expression of SARS-CoV-2 critical entry points (2021) J. Hepatol., 74, pp. 469-471. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXislSgtLbK, PID: 33096086; Herath, C.B., Upregulation of hepatic angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin-(1-7) levels in experimental biliary fibrosis (2007) J. Hepatol., 47, pp. 387-395. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXosF2rsr4%3D, PID: 17532087; Chua, R.L., COVID-19 severity correlates with airway epithelium-immune cell interactions identified by single-cell analysis (2020) Nat. Biotechnol., 38, pp. 970-979. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXht1Kgt7rL, PID: 32591762; Ziegler, C.G.K., SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 is an interferon-stimulated gene in human airway epithelial cells and is detected in specific cell subsets across tissues (2020) Cell, 181, pp. 1016-1035.e19. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXpsVKkuro%3D, PID: 32413319; Onabajo, O.O., Interferons and viruses induce a novel truncated ACE2 isoform and not the full-length SARS-CoV-2 receptor (2020) Nat. Genet., 52, pp. 1283-1293. , PID: 33077916, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitFWju7jL; Wei, C., HDL-scavenger receptor B type 1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry (2020) Nat. Metab., 2, pp. 1391-1400. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisVOltbrL, PID: 33244168; Grove, J., Scavenger receptor BI and BII expression levels modulate hepatitis C virus infectivity (2007) J. Virol., 81, pp. 3162-3169. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjslWrurk%3D, PID: 17215280; Zuo, T., Depicting SARS-CoV-2 faecal viral activity in association with gut microbiota composition in patients with COVID-19 (2021) Gut, 70, pp. 276-284. , PID: 32690600; Lamers, M.M., SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes (2020) Science, 369, pp. 50-54. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlCmt7jO, PID: 32358202; Qian, Q., Direct evidence of active SARS-CoV-2 replication in the intestine (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis.; Sonzogni, A., Liver histopathology in severe COVID 19 respiratory failure is suggestive of vascular alterations (2020) Liver Int., 40, pp. 2110-2116. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsF2rurnF, PID: 32654359, Liver histology from 48 patients who died from COVID-19 respiratory failure showing high rates of steatosis and microthrombotic disease. SARS-CoV-2 was detected liver tissue 68% of patients; Wang, Y., SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19 (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 807-816. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtl2gu7nM, PID: 32437830; Gordon, D.E., A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing (2020) Nature, 583, pp. 459-468. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlCqtbrI, PID: 32353859; Nie, X., Multi-organ proteomic landscape of COVID-19 autopsies (2021) Cell, 184, pp. 775-791.e14. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXitlGht7w%3D, PID: 33503446, this study, 11,394 proteins were quantified autopsy samples from 7 organs 19 patients with COVID-19. Widespread dysregulation of liver proteins was detected associated with multiorgan dysfunction and histological damage; Guan, W.J., Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1708-1720. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXovVSjsb8%3D; Sultan, S., AGA institute rapid review of the gastrointestinal and liver manifestations of COVID-19, meta-analysis of international data, and recommendations for the consultative management of patients with COVID-19 (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 320-334.e27. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVaqur7J, PID: 32407808; Richardson, S., Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York city area (2020) JAMA, 323, pp. 2052-2059. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVGrs7bN, PID: 7177629; Goyal, P., Clinical characteristics of Covid-19 in New York city (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 2372-2374. , PID: 32302078; Youssef, M., COVID-19 and liver dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective studies (2020) J. Med. Virol., 92, pp. 1825-1833. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVGku7rO, PID: 32445489; Hundt, M.A., Deng, Y., Ciarleglio, M.M., Nathanson, M.H., Lim, J.K., Abnormal liver tests in COVID-19: a retrospective observational cohort study of 1827 patients in a major US Hospital Network (2020) Hepatology, 72, pp. 1169-1176. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitFams7rP, PID: 32725890; Elmunzer, B.J., Digestive manifestations in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (2020) Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.; Fu, Y., Clinical features of COVID-19-infected patients with elevated liver biochemistries: a multicenter, retrospective study (2020) Hepatology; Mao, R., Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 5, pp. 667-678. , PID: 32405603; Phipps, M.M., Acute liver injury in COVID-19: prevalence and association with clinical outcomes in a large US cohort (2020) Hepatology, 72, pp. 807-817. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitVSjtbjE, PID: 32473607, Large retrospective cohort study USA (n=3,381) demonstrating that acute liver injury is common and often mild during COVID-19. Poor outcomes were associated with severe liver injury; Zhou, F., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXkvVGktL8%3D, PID: 7270627, Retrospective cohort study performed China providing early data on the clinical course and laboratory parameters, including liver enzymes, among patients with COVID-19; Singh, S., Khan, A., Clinical characteristics and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 among patients with preexisting liver disease in the united states: a multicenter research network study (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 768-771.e3. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1ejsLnO, PID: 32376408; Xu, Z., Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Lancet Respir. Med., 8, pp. 420-422. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXjsValtbk%3D, PID: 7164771; Lagana, S.M., Hepatic pathology in patients dying of COVID-19: a series of 40 cases including clinical, histologic, and virologic data (2020) Mod. Pathol., 33, pp. 2147-2155. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1aitbbJ, PID: 32792598; Jothimani, D., Venugopal, R., Abedin, M.F., Kaliamoorthy, I., Rela, M., COVID-19 and the liver (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 1231-1240. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFCisLrE, PID: 32553666; Bloom, P.P., Liver biochemistries in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) Hepatology; Buckholz, A.P., Kaplan, A., Rosenblatt, R.E., Wan, D., Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and outcomes of 6 patients with COVID-19 infection and rhabdomyolysis (2020) Mayo Clin. Proc., 95, pp. 2557-2559. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvFOnur7I, PID: 33153641; Zhang, Y., Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with Covid-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382. , PID: 32268022; Díaz, L.A., High prevalence of hepatic steatosis and vascular thrombosis in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of autopsy data (2020) World J. Gastroenterol., 26, pp. 7693-7706. , PID: 33505145, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXlsVegtrk%3D; Papic, N., Liver involvement during influenza infection: perspective on the 2009 influenza pandemic (2012) Influenza Other Respir. Viruses, 6, pp. e2-e5. , PID: 21951624; Mehta, P., COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1033-1034. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXltFCjsb8%3D, PID: 32192578; Da, B.L., Liver injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 correlates with hyper inflammatory response and elevated IL-6 (2020) Hepatol. Commun., 5, pp. 177-188; Liu, J., Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (2020) EBioMedicine, 55, p. 102763. , PID: 32361250; Diao, B., Reduction and functional exhaustion of T cells in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2020) Front. Immunol., 11, p. 827. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitVWnsb7L, PID: 32425950; Al-Samkari, H., COVID-19 and coagulation: bleeding and thrombotic manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) Blood, 136, pp. 489-500. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1SnurfK, PID: 7378457; Klok, F.A., Confirmation of the high cumulative incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19: an updated analysis (2020) Thromb. Res., 191, pp. 148-150. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXovVCgt7w%3D, PID: 32381264; Middeldorp, S., Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) J. Thromb. Haemost., 18, pp. 1995-2002. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFCju7jF, PID: 32369666; Poissy, J., Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: awareness of an increased prevalence (2020) Circulation, 142, pp. 184-186. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlKksLzJ, PID: 32330083; Olry, A., Drug-induced liver injury and COVID-19 infection: the rules remain the same (2020) Drug Saf., 43, pp. 615-617. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFSqu7vJ, PID: 32514859; Cao, B., A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19 (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 382, pp. 1787-1799. , PID: 32187464; Cai, Q., COVID-19: abnormal liver function tests (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 566-574. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXnslelt70%3D, PID: 32298767; Muhovic, D., First case of drug-induced liver injury associated with the use of tocilizumab in a patient with COVID-19 (2020) Liver Int., 40, pp. 1901-1905. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsVCmsbrK, PID: 32478465; Mahamid, M., Mader, R., Safadi, R., Hepatotoxicity of tocilizumab and anakinra in rheumatoid arthritis: management decisions (2011) Clin. Pharmacol., 3, pp. 39-43. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhs1CmsrrK, PID: 22287855; Beigel, J.H., Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 - final report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 1813-1826. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXit1yltL7O; Montastruc, F., Thuriot, S., Durrieu, G., Hepatic disorders with the use of remdesivir for coronavirus 2019 (2020) Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 18, pp. 2835-2836. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1ejtrfJ, PID: 32721580; Repurposed antiviral drugs for Covid-19 - Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results (2021) N. Engl. J. Med., 384, pp. 497-511; Ponziani, F.R., Liver involvement is not associated with mortality: results from a large cohort of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (2020) Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther., 52, pp. 1060-1068. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsleltL%2FM, PID: 32628793; Yip, T.C.F., Liver injury is independently associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (2020) Gut; Weber, S., Liver function test abnormalities at hospital admission are associated with severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study (2021) Gut; Ding, Z.Y., Association of liver abnormalities with in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 (2020) J. Hepatol.; Zhang, Y., Liver impairment in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan city, China (2020) Liver Int., 40, pp. 2095-2103. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsF2rurbO, PID: 32239796; Yadav, D.K., Involvement of liver in COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis (2020) Gut; Lei, F., Longitudinal association between markers of liver injury and mortality in COVID-19 in China (2020) Hepatology, 72, pp. 389-398. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs12jsrfK, PID: 32359177, Multicentre retrospective cohort study of 5,771 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 China describing longitudinal patterns liver biochemistry; Bangash, M.N., SARS-CoV-2: is the liver merely a bystander to severe disease? (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 995-996. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtl2nsL7F, PID: 32502510; Noor, M.T., Manoria, P., Immune dysfunction in cirrhosis (2017) J. Clin. Transl. Hepatol., 5, pp. 50-58. , PID: 28507927; Pose, E., PD-L1 is overexpressed in liver macrophages in chronic liver diseases and its blockade improves the antibacterial activity against infections (2020) Hepatology; Piano, S., Brocca, A., Mareso, S., Angeli, P., Infections complicating cirrhosis (2018) Liver Int., 38, pp. 126-133. , PID: 29427501; Fan, V.S., Risk factors for testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in a national US healthcare system (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis.; Ioannou, G.N., Cirrhosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection in US veterans: risk of infection, hospitalization, ventilation and mortality (2020) Hepatology, , United States data from electronic health records showing a lower risk of positive SARS-CoV-2 testing but higher rates of mortality from COVID-19 patients with cirrhosis compared to those without; Fine, M.J., A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia (1997) N. Engl. J. Med., 336, pp. 243-250. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7js1Gguw%3D%3D, PID: 8995086; Schütte, A., Ciesek, S., Wedemeyer, H., Lange, C.M., Influenza virus infection as precipitating event of acute-on-chronic liver failure (2019) J. Hepatol., 70, pp. 797-799. , PID: 30635243; Eslam, M., A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 202-209. , PID: 32278004; Ji, D., Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 451-453. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXntlartrk%3D, PID: 32278005; Zhou, Y.J., Younger patients with MAFLD are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness: a multicenter preliminary analysis (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 719-721. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXpvFGmtr8%3D, PID: 32348790; Roca-Fernandez, A., High liver fat associates with higher risk of developing symptomatic covid-19 infection - initial UK biobank observations (2020) medRxiv; Lopez-Mendez, I., Association of liver steatosis and fibrosis with clinical outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) (2021) Ann. Hepatol., 20, p. 100271. , PID: 33099028, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXkvFCks7w%3D; Marjot, T., Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: an international registry study (2020) J. Hepatol., 74, pp. 567-577. , PID: 33035628, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXislShsL7J; Marjot, T., SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (2021) J. Hepatol., , Largest cohort of patients with AIH and SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=70) showing equivalent risk of death compared to propensity score-matched patients with other aetiology of liver disease (n=862) and patients without liver disease (n=769; Iavarone, M., High rates of 30-day mortality in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 1063-1071. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhsFeku77J, PID: 32526252, Multicentre study northern Italy reporting outcomes and management of patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19, including the use of thromboprophylaxis; Bajaj, J.S., Cirrhosis is associated with high mortality and readmissions over 90 days regardless of COVID-19: a multi-center cohort (2021) Liver Transpl., , Longitudinal follow-up of patients with cirrhosis who survived the acute COVID-19 episode showing equivalent mortality at 90-days compared to those with cirrhosis alone; Wu, T., Development of diagnostic criteria and a prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (2018) Gut, 67, pp. 2181-2191. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXktVGksLc%3D, PID: 28928275; Moreau, R., Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis (2013) Gastroenterology, 144, pp. 1426-1437.e9. , PID: 23474284; Horwitz, L.I., Trends in COVID-19 risk-adjusted mortality rates (2021) J. Hosp. Med., 16, pp. 90-92. , PID: 33147129; Duddempudi, A.T., Immunology in alcoholic liver disease (2012) Clin. Liver Dis., 16, pp. 687-698. , PID: 23101977; Yeoh, Y.K., Gut microbiota composition reflects disease severity and dysfunctional immune responses in patients with COVID-19 (2021) Gut; Bajaj, J.S., Altered microbiota in cirrhosis and its relationship to the development of infection (2019) Clin. Liver Dis., 14, pp. 107-111; Adeniji, N., Socioeconomic factors contribute to the higher risk of COVID-19 in racial and ethnic minorities with chronic liver diseases (CLD) (2020) Gastroenterology; Wegermann, K., Racial and socioeconomic disparities in utilization of telehealth in patients with liver disease during COVID-19 (2021) Dig. Dis. Sci.; Boettler, T., Impact of COVID-19 on the care of patients with liver disease: EASL-ESCMID position paper after 6 months of the pandemic (2020) JHEP Rep., 2, p. 100169. , PID: 32835190, This article discusses the impact of COVID-19 on hepatology care and provides updates on the recommended practice for clinicians taking care of patients with liver diseases; Fix, O.K., Clinical best practice advice for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: AASLD expert panel consensus statement (2020) Hepatology, 72, pp. 287-304. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtl2rsrnE, PID: 32298473, AASLD guidance on the management of patients with liver disease and liver transplant recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic; Lau, G., Sharma, M., Clinical practice guidance for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: APASL expert panel consensus recommendations (2020) Hepatol. Int., 14, pp. 415-428; Angeli, P., EASL clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis (2018) J. Hepatol., 69, pp. 406-460; Manolis, A.S., Manolis, T.A., Manolis, A.A., Papatheou, D., Melita, H., COVID-19 infection: viral macro- and micro-vascular coagulopathy and thromboembolism/prophylactic and therapeutic management (2021) J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther., 26, pp. 12-24. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXit1CjtLg%3D, PID: 32924567; Bikdeli, B., COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-the-art review (2020) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 75, pp. 2950-2973. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtFeks7bN, PID: 32311448; Turco, L., de Raucourt, E., Valla, D.C., Villa, E., Anticoagulation in the cirrhotic patient (2019) JHEP Reports, 1, pp. 227-239. , PID: 32039373; Loffredo, L., Pastori, D., Farcomeni, A., Violi, F., Effects of anticoagulants in patients with cirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) Gastroenterology, 153, pp. 480-487.e1. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXht1WltbnJ, PID: 28479379; Tritschler, T., Anticoagulant interventions in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a scoping review of randomized controlled trials and call for international collaboration (2020) J. Thromb. Haemost., 18, pp. 2958-2967. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXit1Cqsb7N, PID: 32888372; Lemos, A.C.B., Therapeutic versus prophylactic anticoagulation for severe COVID-19: a randomized phase II clinical trial (HESACOVID) (2020) Thromb. Res., 196, pp. 359-366. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvFSit7rP, PID: 32977137; Watt, K.D., Keys to long-term care of the liver transplant recipient (2015) Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 12, pp. 639-648. , PID: 26460351; Benitez, C., Prospective multicenter clinical trial of immunosuppressive drug withdrawal in stable adult liver transplant recipients (2013) Hepatology, 58, pp. 1824-1835. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhslWqsLjE, PID: 23532679; Colmenero, J., Epidemiological pattern, incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 in liver transplant patients (2021) J. Hepatol., 74, pp. 148-155. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitFCltL3N, PID: 32750442, Prospective nationwide study including a consecutive cohort of liver transplant patients with COVID-19 Spain. Mortality rates LT recipients were lower than those observed the matched general population; Ravanan, R., SARS-CoV-2 infection and early mortality of wait-listed and solid organ transplant recipients in England: a national cohort study (2020) Am. J. Transplant., 20, pp. 3008-3018. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXit1KitbnM, PID: 32780493; Webb, G.J., Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients: an international registry study (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 5, pp. 1008-1016. , PID: 32866433, International registry data for 151 LT recipients and 627 non-transplant patients showing equivalent risk of mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection propensity score-matched analysis; Rauber, C., SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and clinical features of COVID-19 in a German liver transplant recipient cohort: a prospective serosurvey study (2020) Transplant. Proc.; Lee, B.T., COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients: an initial experience from the US epicenter (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 1176-1178.e2. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvVKns7zJ, PID: 32442561; Pereira, M.R., COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: initial report from the US epicenter (2020) Am. J. Transplant., 20, pp. 1800-1808. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXht12itr7F, PID: 32330343; Mathur, A.K., Schaubel, D.E., Gong, Q., Guidinger, M.K., Merion, R.M., Sex-based disparities in liver transplant rates in the United States (2011) Am. J. Transplant., 11, pp. 1435-1443. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MnkvVWmtw%3D%3D, PID: 21718440; Sharma, P., Impact of MELD-based allocation on end-stage renal disease after liver transplantation (2011) Am. J. Transplant., 11, pp. 2372-2378. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3MbktFyqsA%3D%3D, PID: 21883908; Lieber, S.R., The impact of post-transplant diabetes mellitus on liver transplant outcomes (2019) Clin. Transplant., 33. , PID: 30927288, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC1MXht1Cqtr3L; Everhart, J.E., Weight change and obesity after liver transplantation: incidence and risk factors (1998) Liver Transpl. Surg., 4, pp. 285-296. , COI: 1:STN:280:DyaK1czhsFarsQ%3D%3D, PID: 9649642; Su, F., Aging of liver transplant registrants and recipients: trends and impact on waitlist outcomes, post-transplantation outcomes, and transplant-related survival benefit (2016) Gastroenterology, 150, pp. 441-453.e6. , PID: 26522262; Seyam, M., Neuberger, J.M., Gunson, B.K., Hubscher, S.G., Cirrhosis after orthotopic liver transplantation in the absence of primary disease recurrence (2007) Liver Transpl., 13, pp. 966-974. , PID: 17370332; Rabiee, A., Liver injury in liver transplant recipients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): US multicenter experience (2020) Hepatology; Clift, A.K., Living risk prediction algorithm (QCOVID) for risk of hospital admission and mortality from coronavirus 19 in adults: national derivation and validation cohort study (2020) BMJ, 371, p. m3731. , PID: 33082154; Webb, G.J., Moon, A.M., Barnes, E., Barritt, A.S., Marjot, T., Age and comorbidity are central to the risk of death from COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients (2021) J. Hepatol.; Del Valle, D.M., An inflammatory cytokine signature predicts COVID-19 severity and survival (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 1636-1643. , PID: 32839624, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhs1KhtLzN; Zhang, Q., Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 (2020) Science; Bastard, P., Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 (2020) Science; Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19 - preliminary report (2020) N. Engl. J. Med.; D’Antiga, L., Coronaviruses and immunosuppressed patients: the facts during the third epidemic (2020) Liver Transpl., 26, pp. 832-834. , PID: 32196933; Boettler, T., Care of patients with liver disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: EASL-ESCMID position paper (2020) JHEP Rep., 2, p. 100113. , PID: 32289115; Polack, F.P., Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine (2020) N. Engl. J. Med., 383, pp. 2603-2615. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXotFSjuw%3D%3D, PID: 33301246; Voysey, M., Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK (2021) Lancet, 397, pp. 99-111. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXisFCgt77I, PID: 33306989; Baden, L.R., Efficacy and safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (2021) N. Engl. J. Med., 384, pp. 403-416. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXjvFSmsrc%3D, PID: 33378609; Logunov, D.Y., Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia (2021) Lancet; Marjot, T., SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with liver disease: Responding to the next big question (2021) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., , Summary of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination safety and efficacy data from phase III trials and discussion of key clinical and research considerations for patients with liver disease and transplantation; Lebosse, F., CD8+ T cells from patients with cirrhosis display a phenotype that may contribute to cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (2019) EBioMedicine, 49, pp. 258-268. , PID: 31678004; Liaskou, E., Hirschfield, G.M., Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: novel insights in impaired adaptive immunity (2019) EBioMedicine, 50, pp. 3-4. , PID: 31727600; Arvaniti, V., Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis (2010) Gastroenterology, 139, pp. 1246-1256. , PID: 20558165; McCashland, T.M., Preheim, L.C., Gentry, M.J., Pneumococcal vaccine response in cirrhosis and liver transplantation (2000) J. Infect. Dis., 181, pp. 757-760. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7jsVKisQ%3D%3D, PID: 10669371; Aggeletopoulou, I., Davoulou, P., Konstantakis, C., Thomopoulos, K., Triantos, C., Response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients with liver cirrhosis (2017) Rev. Med. Virol, 27. , https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1942; Chong, P.P., Avery, R.K., A comprehensive review of immunization practices in solid organ transplant and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (2017) Clin. Ther., 39, pp. 1581-1598. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhtFygu7%2FK, PID: 28751095; Fix, O.K., AASLD expert panel consensus statement: Vaccines to prevent COVID-19 infection in patients with liver disease (2021) AASLD Consensus Statements on the Approach to Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination in Patients with Liver Disease and after Transplantation, , AASLD; Tapper, E.B., Asrani, S.K., The COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-lasting impact on the quality of cirrhosis care (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 441-445. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXnslels70%3D, PID: 32298769; Garcia-Tsao, G., Abraldes, J.G., Berzigotti, A., Bosch, J., Portal hypertensive bleeding in cirrhosis: risk stratification, diagnosis, and management: 2016 practice guidance by the American Association for the study of liver diseases (2017) Hepatology, 65, pp. 310-335. , PID: 27786365; Erman, A., Wong, W.W.L., Feld, J.J., Grootendorst, P., Krahn, M.D., The health impact of delaying direct-acting antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C: a decision-analytic approach (2020) Liver Int., 40, pp. 51-59. , PID: 31509639; Wu, C.Y., Association between ultrasonography screening and mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a nationwide cohort study (2016) Gut, 65, pp. 693-701. , PID: 25670811; Amaddeo, G., Impact of COVID-19 on the management of hepatocellular carcinoma in a high-prevalence area (2021) JHEP Rep., 3, p. 100199. , PID: 33163949, Multicentre retrospective study France showing longer durations to HCC treatment during the pandemic than during the same time period the preceding year; Di Maira, T., Berenguer, M., COVID-19 and liver transplantation (2020) Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 17, pp. 526-528. , PID: 32651555, COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtlOjtb3M; Merola, J., Schilsky, M.L., Mulligan, D.C., The impact of COVID-19 on organ donation, procurement and liver transplantation in the United States (2020) Hepatol. Commun., 5, pp. 5-11. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3MXhslKgt7o%3D; Ritschl, P.V., Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID-19 pandemic: a by-proxy society recommendation consensus approach (2020) Am. J. Transplant., 20, pp. 1826-1836. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXht12itr%2FM, PID: 32323460; Thorburn, D., Resuming liver transplantation amid the COVID-19 pandemic (2021) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 6, pp. 12-13. , PID: 33308431; (2017) Global Hepatitis Report, p. 2017. , https://www.who.int/hepatitis/publications/global-hepatitis-report2017/en/; Blach, S., Impact of COVID-19 on global hepatitis C elimination efforts (2021) J. Hepatol., 74, pp. 31-36. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitFCltL3O, PID: 32777322; Eliminating viral hepatitis in the COVID-19 era: weighing challenge and opportunity (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 5, p. 789. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BB38jptVCgsw%3D%3D, PID: 32730787; Serper, M., A local response to COVID-19 for advanced liver disease: current model of care, challenges and opportunities (2020) J. Hepatol., 73, pp. 708-709. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtVClt73F, PID: 32450089; Verna, E.C., Clinical research in hepatology in the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic era: challenges and the need for innovation (2020) Hepatology, 72, pp. 1819-1837. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitlKmurbK, PID: 32740969; Nicola, M., The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): a review (2020) Int. J. Surg., 78, pp. 185-193. , PID: 32305533; Nassisi, M., Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on basic science research in ophthalmology: the experience of a highly specialized research facility in France (2020) Eye, 34, pp. 1187-1188. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXovFymsL4%3D, PID: 32382143; (2020) The Grocer. Coronavirus: Crisis Drives £160 M Additional Spend on Supermarket Booze. (The Grocer; (2020) Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Lockdown in the UK, , https://www.ias.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/sb28062020.pdf, ias.org; (2020) Wider Impacts of COVID-19 on Health Monitoring Tool, , https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/wider-impacts-of-covid-19-on-health-monitoring-tool, gov.uk; (2020) Alcohol Consumption during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK – Second IAS Briefing, , https://www.ias.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/sb29102020.pdf, ias.org; Da, B.L., Im, G.Y., Schiano, T.D., COVID-19 hangover: a rising tide of alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease (2020) Hepatology, 72, pp. 1102-1108. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitVSjtbjL, PID: 32369624; Niedzwiedz, C.L., Mental health and health behaviours before and during the initial phase of the COVID-19 lockdown: longitudinal analyses of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2021) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 75, pp. 224-231. , PID: 32978210, Longitudinal questionnaire data 9,748 UK adults showing an increase regular and binge alcohol consumption during the early stages of the pandemic alongside reduced psychological wellbeing; Winstock, A.R., (2020) GDS COVID-19 Special Edition Key Findings Report, , https://www.globaldrugsurvey.com/gds-covid-19-special-edition-key-findings-report/; (2020), https://www.ucl.ac.uk/pals/research/clinical-educational-and-health-psychology/research-groups/health-psychology-research-45, Alcohol Consumption in England ucl.ac.uk; Kim, J.U., Effect of COVID-19 lockdown on alcohol consumption in patients with pre-existing alcohol use disorder (2020) Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol., 5, pp. 886-887. , PID: 32763197; Cargill, Z., Severe alcohol-related liver disease admissions post-COVID-19 lockdown: canary in the coal mine? (2020) Frontline Gastroenterol.; Pellegrini, M., Changes in weight and nutritional habits in adults with obesity during the “Lockdown” period caused by the COVID-19 virus emergency (2020) Nutrients, 12, p. 2016. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitVGitrbP, PID: 7400808; (2020) dQ&A. Impact of COVID-19 on the Diabetes Community in the United States, , https://d-qa.com/our-work/; Mahmud, N., Hubbard, R.A., Kaplan, D.E., Serper, M., Declining cirrhosis hospitalizations in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: a National Cohort Study (2020) Gastroenterology, 159, pp. 1134-1136.e3. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhvVKns7zK, PID: 32387493; Bajaj, J.S., Comparison of mortality risk in patients with cirrhosis and COVID-19 compared with patients with cirrhosis alone and COVID-19 alone: multicentre matched cohort (2021) Gut, 70, pp. 531-536. , PID: 32660964; Kim, D., Predictors of outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease: US multi-center study (2020) Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.; Sarin, S.K., Pre-existing liver disease is associated with poor outcome in patients with SARS CoV2 infection; the APCOLIS study (APASL COVID-19 Liver Injury Spectrum Study) (2020) Hepatol. Int., 14, pp. 690-700. , PID: 32623632; Kates, O.S., COVID-19 in solid organ transplant: a multi-center cohort study (2020) Clin. Infect. Dis.; Belli, L.S., Protective role of tacrolimus, deleterious role of age and comorbidities in liver transplant recipients with Covid-19: results from the ELITA/ELTR multi-center European study (2020) Gastroenterology; Butt, A.A., Yan, P., Chotani, R.A., Shaikh, O.S., Mortality is not increased in SARS-CoV-2 infected persons with hepatitis C virus infection (2021) Liver Int.; Tillett, R.L., Genomic evidence for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2: a case study (2021) Lancet Infect. Dis., 21, pp. 52-58. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitFaisb%2FF, PID: 33058797; Qin, J., Perioperative presentation of COVID-19 disease in a liver transplant recipient (2020) Hepatology, 72, pp. 1491-1493. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXitFams73M, PID: 32220017; Long, Q.X., Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections (2020) Nat. Med., 26, pp. 1200-1204. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BB3cXhtF2qtbrM, PID: 32555424; Levitsky, J., Risk for immune-mediated graft dysfunction in liver transplant recipients with recurrent HCV infection treated with pegylated interferon (2012) Gastroenterology, 142, pp. 1132-1139.e1. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xjs1Wnsbs%3D, PID: 22285805; Friend, B.D., Fatal orthotopic liver transplant organ rejection induced by a checkpoint inhibitor in two patients with refractory, metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (2017) Pediatr. Blood Cancer, 64. , COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC2sXhs1OqsLnN; Duchini, A., Hendry, R.M., Nyberg, L.M., Viernes, M.E., Pockros, P.J., Immune response to influenza vaccine in adult liver transplant recipients (2001) Liver Transpl., 7, pp. 311-313. , COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzisFSnug%3D%3D, PID: 11303290 PY - 2021 SN - 17595045 (ISSN) ST - COVID-19 and liver disease: mechanistic and clinical perspectives T2 - Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology TI - COVID-19 and liver disease: mechanistic and clinical perspectives UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102535318&doi=10.1038%2fs41575-021-00426-4&partnerID=40&md5=9fa3df308b3afaa6f2794a8caaae2508 ID - 173 ER - TY - JOUR AB - This paper seeks to establish how COVID-19 is impacting migrant fish workers through focusing on two global fish hubs, Thailand and Taiwan. Through a careful review of the news reports, social media, and NGO reports and press releases, three significant themes emerged: employment disruptions due to seafood system instabilities; travel or mobility restrictions; and poor access to services such as health care or social programs. We unpack each theme in turn to spotlight the impacts COVID-19 is having on yet another vulnerable worker population, fish workers. We further reflect on what this pandemic reveals about unacceptable work in industrial fisheries and consider if the pandemic may be producing opportunities to advocate for better working conditions. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature. AD - School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, 120 University Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada York University, Toronto, Canada University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden AU - Marschke, M. AU - Vandergeest, P. AU - Havice, E. AU - Kadfak, A. AU - Duker, P. AU - Isopescu, I. AU - MacDonnell, M. DB - Scopus DO - 10.1007/s40152-020-00205-y IS - 1 J2 - Marit. Stud. KW - Industrial fisheries Labour Migration Pandemic Seafood COVID-19 fishing community global perspective mass media nongovernmental organization social media Taiwan Thailand LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Marschke, M.; School of International Development and Global Studies, 120 University Private, Canada; email: mmarschk@uottawa.ca References: Thai companies urged to tighten up Covid-19 measures for migrant workers (2020) The Thaiger, , https://www.thethaiger.com/coronavirus/thai-companies-urged-to-tighten-up-covid-19-measures-for-migrant-workers, 22 April; Aqorau, T., (2020) COVID-19 and Its Likely Impact on the Tuna Industry in the Pacific Islands., , https://devpolicy.org/covid-19-and-its-likely-impact-on-the-tuna-industry-in-the-pacific-islands-20200427-1/, Devpolicy Blog from the Development Policy Centre; Aspinwall, N., (2020) Calls for Amnesty as Undocumented Worker in Taiwan Contracts the Coronavirus the Diplomat, , https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/calls-for-amnesty-as-undocumented-worker-in-taiwan-contracts-the-coronavirus/, 29 February; (2020) Ecuadorian Seiner’s Newar entire crew infected with COVID-19, , 27 May; Baniya, J.S., Bhattarai, B., Thapapradhan, V., (2020) COVID-19 and Nepali Labour Migrants Research Paper, , Center for the Study of Labour and Mobility; Barndt, D., (2004) Women working the NAFTA food chain: Women, food and globalization, , Canadian Scholars’ Press; Basok, T., George, G., Migrant workers face further social isolation and mental health challenges during the coronavirus pandemic (2020) The Conversation, , https://theconversation.com/migrant-workers-face-further-social-isolation-and-mental-health-challenges-during-coronavirus-pandemic-134324, 26 April; Belton, B., Marschke, M., Vandergeest, P., Fisheries development, labour and working conditions on Myanmar’s marine resource frontier (2019) J Rural Stud, 69, pp. 204-213; Bismonte, C., The disproportionate effect of COVID-19 on migrant workers in ASEAN (2020) The Diplomat, , https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/the-disproportionate-effect-of-covid-19-on-migrant-workers-in-asean/, 22 May; Campling, L., Cólas, A., (2021) Capitalism and the Sea, , Verso, London/New York; Campling, L.E., Havicehoward, P., The political economy and ecology of capture fisheries: Market dynamics, resource access and relations of exploitation and resistance (2012) J Agrar Chang, 12, pp. 177-203; Campling, L., Lewis, A., McCoy, M., (2017) The tuna longline industry in the western and central Pacific Ocean and its market dynamics, , Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiaria; Charoensuthipan, P., Migrants take hardest virus hit (2020) Bangkok Post, , https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1924636/migrants-take-hardest-virus-hit, 27 May; Cheng-Chung, W., Hsiung-Feng, C., Su-Ming, Y., Yeh, J., Control Yuan demands labor insurance coverage for all migrant fishermen (2020) Focus Taiwan, , https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202004080023, 8 April; Cheung, H., (2020) Virus Prevention for the Exploited, , https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2020/03/02/2003731902, Taipei Times, 2 March; Chia-Nan, L., Advocates urge action on FOC boats (2020) Taipei Times, , https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/06/03/2003737539, 3 June; Chiang, M., Human Rights at Sea baseline study on the awareness and application of human rights in Taiwan’s fishing industry (2019) Human Rights at Sea, , https://www.humanrightsatsea.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/HRAS_Baseline_Study_on_the_Awareness_and_Application_of_Human_Rights_in_-Taiwans_Fishing_Industry_October_2019_SP_LOCKED.pdf; Connolly, E., Concern as trawler crew get Covid-19 (2020) Southern Star, , https://www.southernstar.ie/news/concern-as-trawler-crew-get-covid-19-4205070, 13 May; Couper, A.H.D., Smithciceri, B., (2015) Fishers and Plunderers: Theft, Slavery and Violence at Sea, , London, Pluto Press; (2018) Falling through the Net: A Survey of Basic Labour Rights among Migrants Working in Thailand’s Fishing Sector, , http://ghre.org/2018/05/21/cso-coalition-falling-through-the-net/, CSO Coalition for Ethical and Sustainable Seafood; Thai fisheries imposes fishing ban on the Gulf of Thailand (2020) Chiang Rai Times, , https://www.chiangraitimes.com/thailand-national-news/news-asia-thailand/fishing/, 16 February; (2015) Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Thailand: A National Policy for Marine Fisheries Management 2015–2019, , http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/tha165156.pdf, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Thailand; (2019), Department of Fisheries, Government of Thailand. 2019. Thai Fishing Vessel Statistics Report No 8; (2020) Marine capture production of commercial fisheries 2019 report, , (No. 5/2020); (2020) การค้าสินค้าประมงของไทย เดือน พฤษภาคม, , https://www.fisheries.go.th/strategy-tradestat/images/pdf/monthly/2563/May%2063.pdf; Derks, A., Migrant labour and the politics of immobilisation: Cambodian fishermen in Thailand (2010) Asian Journal of Social Science, 38 (6), pp. 915-932; Divovich, E., Färber, L., Shon, S., Zylich, K., (2015) An updated catch reconstruction of the marine fisheries of Taiwan from 1950–2010, , . Fisheries Centre Working Paper 78. Fisheries Center, University of British Columbia: Vancouver, B.C; (2013) Sold to Sea: Human Trafficking in Thailand’s Fishing Industry, , https://ejfoundation.org/reports/sold-to-the-sea-human-trafficking-in-thailandsfishing-industry, Accessed 18 Aug 2020; (2019) Blood and water: human rights abuses in the global seafood industry, , Environmental Justice Foundation, London; (2020) Illegal Fishing and Human Rights Abuses in the Taiwanese Fishing Fleet, , https://ejfoundation.org/resources/downloads/Taiwan-briefing-IUU-HR-2020-July.pdf, London, UK, Environmental Justice Foundation; Everington, K., Taiwan allows migrant worker employers to extend contracts amid pandemic (2020) Taiwan News, , https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3945560, (10 June); Fawthrop, T., COVID-19: Thailand’s looming second wave (2020) The Diplomat, , https://www.thediplomat.com/2020/06/covid-19-thailands-looming-second-wave/, 1 June; Fisher, D.A., Reilly, A.K.E., Zheng, A.R., Cookanderson, D.E., (2020) Seeding of outbreaks of COVID-19 by contaminated fresh and frozen food, , https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.17.255166, bioRxiv 2020.08.17.255166; Frantzeskou, E., Jensen, O.C., Linos, A., Health status and occupational risk factors in greek small fisheries workers (2016) International maritime health, 67 (3), pp. 137-143; Gamlen, A., (2020) Migration and mobility after the 2020 pandemic: The end of an age?, , https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/migration-_and-mobility.pdf, Centre on Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford; (2020) Choppy Waters: Forced Labour and Illegal Fishing in Taiwan’s Distant Water Fisheries, , https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/b87c6229-2020-choppy-waters-en.pdf, Greenpeace East Asia; (2016) Turn the Tide: Human Rights Abuses and Illegal Fishing in Thailand’s Overseas Fishing Industry, , https://storage.googleapis.com/planet4-southeastasia-stateless/2019/04/a99d5300-a99d5300-turn-the-tide.pdf, Greenpeace Southeast Asia; Guadagno, L., (2020) Migrants and the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Initial Analysis., , https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/mrs-60.pdf, International Organization for Migration (IOM); Ha, K.O.K., Chiajiao, C., Over 200,000 seafarers fear there’s no plan to disembark them (2020) Bloomberg, , https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-08/pregnant-and-stuck-on-a-ship-in-the-middle-of-the-pandemic, (8 July); Haley, E.S., Caxaj, G., George, J.L., Hennebry, E., Martellmclaughlin, J., Migrant farmworkers face heightened vulnerabilities during COVID-19 (2020) Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9 (3), pp. 35-39. , . DOI: 10.5304/jafscd.2020.093.016; Havicecampling, E.L., Industrial fisheries and oceanic accumulation (2021) The Edward Elgar Handbook of Critical Agrarian Studies, , ed. H. Akram, K. Dietz, B. Engles, and B. McKay. (forthcoming); Havice, E., McCoy, M., Lewis, A., (2019) Market and industry dynamics: western and central Pacific Ocean distant water tuna purse seine fishery, , Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency, Honiara; Havice, E., Marschke, M., Vandergeest, P., Industrial seafood systems in the immobilizing COVID-19 moment (2020) Agric Hum Values, 37, pp. 655-656; Heidler, S., Thailand lockdown: Jobless and trapped migrant workers in limbo (video) (2020) Aljazeera, , https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/thailand-lockdown-jobless-trapped-migrant-workers-limbo-200522064857801.html, 22 May; Hennebry, J., Caxaj, S., McLaughlin, J., Mayell, S., Coronavirus: Canada stigmatizes, jeopardizes essential workers (2020) The Conversation, , https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-canada-stigmatizes-jeopardizes-essential-migrant-workers-138879, - Canada, 3 June; Herz, N., (2020) A Seattle fishing company has had more than 100 COVID-19 cases on its ships, , https://www.alaskapublic.org/2020/06/09/a-seattle-fishing-company-has-more-than-100-covid-19-cases-on-its-ships-theyre-heading-to-alaska-this-summer/, . They’re heading to Alaska this summer. Alaska Public Media (9 June); Hioe, B., Questions about measures for migrant workers and foreigners living in Taiwan during COVID-19 epidemic (2020) New Bloom Magazine, , https://newbloommag.net/2020/03/03/covid-19-migrant-workers/, 3 March; Hodal, K., Songkhla, C.K., Lawrence, F., Revealed: Asian slave labour producing prawns for supermarkets in US, UK (2014) The Guardian, , http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/jun/10/supermarket-prawns-thailand-produced-slave-labour, 10 June; Howard, P.M., Sharing or appropriation? (2012) J Agrar Chang, 12 (2-3), pp. 316-343; (2020) Seafarers continue to highlight their worries and concerns to Human Rights at Sea, , https://www.humanrightsatsea.org/2020/04/21/seafarers-continue-to-highlight-their-worries-and-concerns-to-human-rights-at-sea/, . Human Rights at Sea, 21 April; (2020) Fisheries observer deaths at sea, human rights & the role & responsibilities of fisheries organisations, , https://www.humanrightsatsea.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/HRAS_Abuse_of_Fisheries_Observers_REPORT_JULY-2020_SP_OPTIMISED.pdf, 1 July; (2018) Hidden Chains: Rights Abuses and Forced Labor in Thailand’s Fishing Industry, , https://www.hrw.org/report/2018/01/23/hidden-chains/rights-abuses-and-forced-labor-thailands-fishing-industry; (2013) Employment Practices and Working Conditions in Thailand's Fishing Sector, , Bangkok, ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific; (2018) Ship to Shore Rights: Baseline Research on Fishers and Seafood Workers in Thailand, , . Bangkok: ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific; Hsiu-Chuanyeh, S.J., Indonesia-Taiwan close to deal on migrant workers: Official (2020) Focus Taiwan, , https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202007130019, (13 May); (2020) Protecting migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic recommendations for policy-makers and constituents, , https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/labour-migration/publications/WCMS_743268/lang%2D%2Den/index.htm, Policy Brief (April 30); (2020) Endline research findings on fishers and seafood workers in Thailand., , https://www.ilo.org/asia/publications/WCMS_738042/lang%2D%2Den/index.htm, International Labour Organization (ILO), 10 March; (2020) Country policy responses, COVID-19 and the world of work, , https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/coronavirus/country-responses/lang%2D%2Den/index.htm#TH, International Labour Organization (ILO), 13 May; (2020) COVID-19: Impact on migrant workers and country response in Thailand, , https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/%2D%2D-asia/%2D%2D-ro-bangkok/%2D%2D-sro-bangkok/documents/briefingnote/wcms_741920.pdf, International Labour Organization (ILO), 3 July; (2020) 400,000 Seafarers Stuck at Sea as Crew Change Crisis Deepens, , https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/PressBriefings/Pages/32-crew-change-UNGA.aspx, . International Maritime Organization, 24 September; (2020) Tips for migrant workers whose job is affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, , https://thailand.iom.int/sites/default/files/Infosheets/Info%20Sheet%20-Migrant%20Workers%20whose%20job%20is%20affected%20by%20the%20COVID-19%20pandemic_ENG.pdf, . International Organization for Migration (IOM) Thailand, 31 March; (2017) Not in the Same Boat: Prevalence and Patterns of Labour Abuse across thailand’s Diverse Fishing Industry, , https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/5bf36e_9ec3ea47011343158f7c76fc7f14591f.pdf, (Focus on labor issues in the fishing industry No. 2). 2017; Jensen, O.C., Petursdottir, G., Holmen, I.M., Abrahamsen, A., Lincoln, J., A review of fatal accident incidence rate trends in fishing (2014) International maritime health, 65 (2), pp. 47-52; Kaustell, K.O., Mattila, T.E., Rautiainen, R.H., Occupational injuries and diseases among commercial fishers in Finland 1996–2015 (2016) International maritime health, 67 (3), pp. 163-170; Kornreichjin, Y.Y., (2020) The secret to Taiwan’s successful COVID response., , https://www.asiapacific.ca/publication/secret-taiwans-successful-covid-response, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada (9 May); Lin, S., The migrant fishermen union on the frontlines against Covid-19 and bosses (2020) The News Lens, , https://international.thenewslens.com/article/136920, (24 June); Marschkevandergeest, M.P., Slavery scandals: Unpacking labour challenges and policy responses within the off-shore fisheries sector (2016) Mar Policy, 68, pp. 39-46; McVeigh, K., Disappearances, danger and death: What is happening to fishery observers? (2020) The Guardian, , https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/may/22/disappearances-danger-and-death-what-is-happening-to-fishery-observers, 22 May; Mereghetti, M., Ecuador shrimp, tuna processors endure despite lockdown, curfew (2020) Undercurrent News, , 25 March; Mereghetti, M., Bolton sees canned tuna sales boom in EU lockdowns (2020) Undercurrent News, , 31 March; Mereghetti, M., Filipino canners hold on despite COVID-19 restrictions (2020) Undercurrent News, , (3 April); (2020), http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2563/E/005/T_0030.PDF, ประกาศกระทรวงแรงงานเรื่องการจัดสิทธิประโยชน์ด้านสุขภาพและสวัสดิการแก่แรงงานประมง (translation: Notification of the Ministry of Labor regarding the arrangement of health and welfare benefits for fishery workers), No. 137, 5 ง; (2020) MSC sets out expectations on observer coverage., , https://www.msc.org/media-centre/briefings-statements/covid-19-msc-sets-out-expectations-on-observer-coverage-during-derogation-period, Marine Stewardship Council, 22 April; Narkvichien, M., (2020), https://www.who.int/thailand/news/feature-stories/detail/in-thailand-s-fishing-and-seafood-processing-capital-burmese-migrants-get-help-to-protect-themselves-from-covid-19, In Thailand’s fishing and seafood processing capital, Burmese migrants get help to protect themselves from COVID-19, World Health Organization, 15 July; (2020), สำนักข่่าวแห่งชาติ : จ. สมุทรสาคร “ ลุย ” ตรวจหาเชื้อ COVID-19 เชิงรุกในแรงงานต่างด้าวเรือประมง : ข่าว, ข่าวสาร, ภูมิภาค, สถานการณ์, สื่อ. 2 May. https://thainews.prd.go.th/th/news/print_news/TCATG200502120859532; Neef, A., Legal and social protection for migrant farm workers: lessons from COVID-19 (2020) Agric Hum Values, 37, pp. 641-642; Rogovin, K., (2020) COVID-19 Impact on Migrant Workers in Thailand International Labor Rights Forum, , https://laborrights.org/blog/202003/covid-19-impact-migrant-workers-thailand, 27 March; Rogovin, K., (2020) Time for a sea of change. Why union rights for migrant workers are needed to prevent forced labour in the Thai seafood industry, , International Labour Rights Reform, Washington, D.C; Sarunya, S., (2020), http://www.astoryth.com/?p=7325, แรงงา นพม่า ทยอยกลับ ไปหางานที่บ้านเกิด เผยไม่กลับมาไทยอีก เพรา [InlineMediaObject not available: see fulltext.] ค่าใช้จ่ายสูง. Astoryth, 29 May; Saumweber, W., Lehr, A., Loft, T., (2020) Covid-19 at Sea: Impacts on the blue economy, ocean health, and ocean security, , https://www.csis.org/analysis/covid-19-sea-impacts-blue-economy-ocean-health-and-ocean-security, Centre for Strategic and International Studies, 10 April; Seaman, T., Thai Union Ghana cannery linked to cover 500 COVID-19 cases in country (2020) Undercurrent News, , 12 may; Siamhantrirath, P.R., Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on small-scale producers and workers: Perspectives from Thailand’s seafood supply chain (2020) Oxfam, , https://doi.org/10.21201/2020.6225; Stringer, C.D.H., Whittakersimmons, G., New Zealand’s turbulent waters: The use of forced labour in the fishing industry (2015) Global Networks, 16 (1), pp. 3-24; Sui, C., In Taiwan the coronavirus is playing out very differently. What does life without a lockdown look like (2020) NBC News, , https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/taiwanese-authorities-stay-vigilant-virus-crisis-eases-n1188781, April 23; Su-Min, Y., Ming-Hsuan, C., Yi-Ching, C., New quarantine measures for far-sea fishermen due next week (2020) Focus Taiwan, , https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202005140017, 14 May; Thaw, H., Dunant, B., More migrants prepare to return, but is Myanmar ready this time? (2020) Frontier Myanmar, , https://frontiermyanmar.net/en/more-migrants-prepare-to-return-but-is-myanmar-ready-this-time, 17 May; Govt asks employers to watch foreign workers for Covid-19 symptoms (2020) The Nation Thailand, , https://www.nationthailand.com/news/30386802?utm_source=category&utm_medium=internal_referral, 26 April; Thongtub, E., Navy assures Phuket fishing fleet clear of COVID-19 (2020) The Phuket News, , https://www.thephuketnews.com/navy-assures-phuket-fishing-fleet-clear-of-covid-19-75741.php, 17 April; Tickler, D., Meeuwig, J.J., Bryant, K., David, F., Modern slavery and the race to fish (2018) Nature communications, 9. , https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07118-9; Twining, G., COVID-19: Industry figures call for seafarer access to emergency medical assistance ashore (2020) Safety at Sea, , https://safetyatsea.net/news/2020/covid-19-industry-figures-call-for-seafarer-access-to-emergency-medical-assistance-ashore/, 21 May; Tzu-Ti, H., Over 80,000 migrant workers in Taiwan stay put amid pandemic (2020) Taiwan News, , https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3965610, (13 July); Urbina, I., ‘Sea slave’: The human misery that feeds pets and livestock (2015) The New York Times, , 27 July; Vandergeestmarschke, P.M., Modern slavery and freedom (2020) Antipode, 52, pp. 291-315; Vandergeestmarschke, P.M., Under review. Beyond ‘slavery scandals’: Explaining working conditions among fish workers in Taiwan and Thailand Mar Policy.; Venugopal, V., The shore scene: The heavy toll of COVID-19 on India’s fishers (2020) THE BASTION, , https://thebastion.co.in/politics-and/the-shore-scene-the-heavy-toll-of-the-covid-19-on-indias-fishers/, 5 May; Virus outbreak: Fishing boats that anchor abroad set to be quarantined (2020) Taipei Times, , https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2020/04/04/2003733985, 4 April; Wong, L., (2020) Can migrant workers buy masks under the real name system?, , https://ydwong.wordpress.com/2020/02/04/1-2/, [blog post]. 4 February, [translated]; Fishing boats seek 50,000 workers as virus spurs migrants to leave (2020) Khaosod English, , https://www.khaosodenglish.com/news/crimecourtscalamity/2020/05/10/fishing-boats-seek-50000-workers-as-virus-spurs-migrants-to-leave/, (10 May); Yen, W., Migrant fishermen seek support from government amid COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Focus Taiwan, , https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202004040017, (4 April); Yen, W., Priests urge inclusion of migrant workers in stimulus voucher program (2020) Focus Taiwan, , https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202006050015, (2020, June 5), 5 June; Zaw, S.M.M., Over 200 migrant workers returning from Bangkok under plan of Myanmar embassy (2020) Mizzima Myanmar News and Insight, , http://www.mizzima.com/article/over-200-migrant-workers-returning-bangkok-under-plan-myanmar-embassy, (23 May); Zhuo, T., Coronavirus: Worker ambassadors help migrant worker Centre fight fake news (2020) The Straits Times, , https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/manpower/coronavirus-worker-ambassadors-help-migrant-worker-centre-fight-fake-news, (7 March); (2020), https://thaipublica.org/2020/07/fisheries-labour-welfare-improving-report/, งานวิจัย “ ชีวิตติดร่างแห ” ชี้สวัสดิการแรงงานประมงดีขึ้น แนะดึงเข้าระบบประกันสังคม, . Thaipublica, 9 July; (2020) Post Today, , https://www.posttoday.com/social/local/100204, 18 July; https://www.tcijthai.com/news/2020/7/scoop/10722, นายจ้างขอรัฐแบ่งเบา ค่าตรวจโรค - กักตัว นำเข้าแรงงานเพื่อนบ้าน '. 2020. ' นนายจ้างขอรัฐแบ่งเบา ค่าตรวจโรค - กักตัว นำเข้าแรงงานเพื่อนบ้าน '. Tcijthai, 26 July; (2020), https://www.matichonweekly.com/hot-news/article_302879, มติชนสุดสัปดาห์, . ประมงอ่วมพิษโควิด คนงานหาย 5 หมื่น ไฟเขียวรับแรงงานข้ามชาติขึ้นเรือ. มติชนสุดสัปดาห์, 8 May; (2020), https://www.thansettakij.com/content/Macro_econ/446213, มติประชุมใหญ่ เลิกอาชีพประมง ", . Thansettakij, 20 August; (2020), https://www.thaipost.net/main/detail/62064, Thai Post | อิสรภาพแห่งความคิด, 4 AprilUR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85096480651&doi=10.1007%2fs40152-020-00205-y&partnerID=40&md5=a8cb1d184360aca4aa8bc1900a6b74f8 PY - 2021 SN - 18727859 (ISSN) SP - 87-99 ST - COVID-19, instability and migrant fish workers in Asia T2 - Maritime Studies TI - COVID-19, instability and migrant fish workers in Asia VL - 20 ID - 96 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objective: The purpose is to determine whether a facilitated local change team (LCT) intervention improves linkage to medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and implementation outcomes, and whether participant-level outcomes are further enhanced by use of peer support specialists (PSS). Methods: This Type 1 hybrid implementation-effectiveness study involves a pre-post design (implementation study) followed by a randomized trial of PSS (effectiveness study). Participants are at least 114 justice and service staff from 7 sites in three states: probation officers, community treatment providers, a supervisor from each agency, and key stakeholders. The study will recruit up to 680 individuals on probation from seven adult community probation offices; eligible individuals will be recently committed, English speakers, with opioid use disorder (OUD). Core Implementation Study: The study will use the exploration, preparation, implementation, sustainability (EPIS) framework to guide system-change through facilitated LCTs of probation and community treatment staff given a core set of implementation strategies to set goals. The study will collect program-level and staff survey data at the end of each EPIS stage. Implementation outcomes: Organizational engagement in MOUD (primary), plus changes in staff knowledge/attitudes and organizational outcomes (secondary). Effectiveness Study of PSS: After completing implementation, the study will randomize adults on probation to receive PSS vs. treatment as usual, with assessments at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Effectiveness outcomes include participant engagement in MOUD (primary), probation revocation, illicit opioid use, and overdoses. Other aims include identifying barriers and facilitators, and cost-benefit analysis of PSS. Adaptations in response to COVID-19 included moving many procedures to remote methods. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. AD - Center for Alcohol & Addiction Studies, Brown University, United States Department of Psychology, The University of Rhode Island, United States Department of Criminal Justice, Temple University, United States CODAC Behavioral Healthcare, Inc., Cranston, RI, United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University/RI Department of Corrections, Cranston, RI, United States Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States AU - Martin, R. A. AU - Stein, L. A. R. AU - Rohsenow, D. J. AU - Belenko, S. AU - Hurley, L. E. AU - Clarke, J. G. AU - Brinkley-Rubinstein, L. C7 - 108364 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108364 J2 - J. Subst. Abuse Treat. KW - Justice Medications Opioid use disorder Probation LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: JSATE Correspondence Address: Rohsenow, D.J.Box G-S121-5, United States; email: Damaris_Rohsenow@Brown.edu Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, U01 DA050442-01 Funding text 1: This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) through the NIH HEAL Initiative under award number U01 DA050442-01 .The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH, the NIH HEAL Initiative, or the participating sites. The sponsor had no role in the protocol development or writing of the report but guided the decision to submit this protocol manuscript to be published together with other JCOIN protocols. References: Aarons, G.A., Mental health provider attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based practice: The evidence-based practice attitude scale (EBPAS) (2004) Mental Health Services Research, 6 (2), pp. 61-74; Bassett, S.S., Stein, L.A.R., Rossi, J.S., Martin, R.A., Evaluating measures of fidelity for substance abuse group treatment with incarcerated adolescents (2016) Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 66, pp. 9-15; Bassuk, E.L., Hanson, J., Greene, R.N., Richard, M., Laudet, A., Peer-delivered recovery support services for addictions in the United States: A systematic review (2016) Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 63, pp. 1-9; Bauldry, S., Korom-Djakovic, D., McClanahan, W.S., McMaken, J., Kotloff, L.J., Mentoring formerly incarcerated adults: Insights from the ready4work reentry initiative (2009) Field report series, , Public/Private Ventures; Binswanger, I.A., Stern, M.F., Deyo, R.A., Heagerty, P.J., Cheadle, A., Elmore, J.G., Koepsell, T.D., Release from prison—A high risk of death for former inmates (2007) New England Journal of Medicine, 356 (2), pp. 157-165; Clark, C.B., Hendricks, P.S., Lane, P.S., Trent, L., Cropsey, K.L., Methadone maintenance treatment may improve completion rates and delay opioid relapse for opioid dependent individuals under community corrections supervision (2014) Addictive Behaviors, 39 (12), pp. 1736-1740; Cos, T.A., LaPollo, A.B., Aussendorf, M., Williams, J.M., Malayter, K., Festinger, D.S., Do peer recovery specialists improve outcomes for individuals with substance use disorder in an integrative primary care setting? A program evaluation (2019) Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 27 (4), pp. 1-12; Dane, A.V., Schneider, B.H., Program integrity and primary and early secondary prevention: Are implementation effects out of control? (1998) Clinical Psychology Review, 18 (1), pp. 23-45; Friedmann, P.D., Hoskinson, R., Jr., Gordon, M., Schwartz, R., Kinlock, T., Knight, K., Frisman, L.K., (2012) Substance Abuse, 33 (1), pp. 9-18; Gordon, M.S., Kinlock, T.W., Schwartz, R.P., Couvillion, K.A., Sudec, L.J., O'Grady, K.E., Shabazz, H., Buprenorphine treatment for probationers and parolees (2015) Substance Abuse, 36 (2), pp. 217-225; Green, T.C., Clarke, J., Brinkley-Rubinstein, L., Marshall, B.D.L., Alexander-Scott, N., Boss, R., Rich, J.D., Postincarceration fatal overdoses after implementing medications for addiction treatment in a statewide correctional system (2018) JAMA Psychiatry, 75 (4), pp. 405-407; TCU survey of organizational functioning (TCU SOF) (2005), https://ibr.tcu.edu, Texas Christian University, Institute of Behavioral Research Fort Worth; TCU organizational readiness for change (ORC-D4) (2009), https://ibr.tcu.edu, Texas Christian University, Institute of Behavioral Research Fort Worth; Kelly, J.F., Hoeppner, B., A biaxial formulation of the recovery construct (2015) Addiction Research & Theory, 23 (1), pp. 5-9; Knight, D., Belenko, S., Robertson, A., Wiley, T., Wasserman, G., Leukefeld, C., Scott, C., Designing the optimal JJ-TRIALS study: EPIS as a theoretical framework for selection and timing of implementation interventions (2015) Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 10 (1), pp. 1-2; Marlow, E., Grajeda, W., Lee, Y., Young, E., Williams, M., Hill, K., Peer mentoring for male parolees: A CBPR pilot study (2015) Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and Action, 9 (1), pp. 91-100; Martin, R.A., Rich, J.D., Gresko, S.A., Hurley, L., Clarke, J.G., New directions for MAT: Comprehensive treatment in Rhode Island's Department of Corrections. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, San Diego, CA (2018); Monico, L., Mitchell, S., Welsh, W., Link, N., Hamilton, L., Redden, S., Schwartz, R., Friedmann, D., Developing effective inter-organizational relationships between community corrections and community treatment providers (2016) Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 55 (7), pp. 484-501; Ranapurwala, S.I., Shanahan, M.E., Alexandridis, A.A., Proescholdbell, S.K., Naumann, R.B., Edwards, D., Jr., Marshall, S.W., Opioid overdose mortality among former North Carolina inmates: 2000–2015 (2018) American Journal of Public Health, 108 (9), pp. 1207-1213; Reif, S., Braude, L., Lyman, D.R., Dougherty, R.H., Daniels, A.S., Ghose, S.S., Delphin-Rittmon, M.E., Peer recovery support for individuals with substance use disorders: Assessing the evidence (2014) Psychiatric Services, 65 (7), pp. 853-861; Reingle Gonzalez, J.M., Rana, R.E., Jetelina, K.K., Roberts, M.H., The value of lived experience with the criminal justice system: A qualitative study of peer re-entry specialists (2019) International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 63 (10), pp. 1861-1875; SAMHSA, Core competencies for peer workers in behavioral health services (2015), https://www.samhsa.gov/brss-tacs/recovery-support-tools/peers/core-competencies-peer-workers, Bringing Recovery Supports to Scale, Technical Assistance Center Strategy; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, What are peer recovery support services? (2009), https://store.samhsa.gov/product/What-Are-Peer-Recovery-Support-Services-/SMA09-4454; Taxman, F.S., Crime control in the twenty-first century: Science-based supervision (SBS) (2012) Journal of Crime and Justice, 35 (2), pp. 135-144; Taxman, F.S., Belenko, S., Implementing evidence-based practices in community corrections and addiction treatment (2012), Springer New York; Welsh, W.N., Prendergast, M., Knight, K., Knudsen, H., Monico, L., Gray, J., Abdel-Salma, S., Friedmann, P.D., Correlates of interorganizational service coordination in community corrections (2016) Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43 (4), pp. 483-505 PY - 2021 SN - 07405472 (ISSN) ST - Using implementation interventions and peer recovery support to improve opioid treatment outcomes in community supervision: Protocol T2 - Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment TI - Using implementation interventions and peer recovery support to improve opioid treatment outcomes in community supervision: Protocol UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102635507&doi=10.1016%2fj.jsat.2021.108364&partnerID=40&md5=e6f082acb44be968bd72146088605f8f ID - 171 ER - TY - JOUR AB - The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered approaches to anesthesiology education by shifting educational paradigms. This vision article discusses pre-COVID-19 educational methodologies and best evidence, adaptations required under COVID-19, and evidence for these modifications, and suggests future directions for anesthesiology education. Learning management systems provide structure to online learning. They have been increasingly utilized to improve access to didactic materials asynchronously. Despite some historic reservations, the pandemic has necessitated a rapid uptake across programs. Commercially available systems offer a wide range of peer-reviewed curricular options. The flipped classroom promotes learning foundational knowledge before teaching sessions with a focus on application during structured didactics. There is growing evidence that this approach is preferred by learners and may increase knowledge gain. The flipped classroom works well with learning management systems to disseminate focused preclass work. Care must be taken to keep virtual sessions interactive. Simulation, already used in anesthesiology, has been critical in preparation for the care of COVID-19 patients. Multidisciplinary, in situ simulations allow for rapid dissemination of new team workflows. Physical distancing and reduced availability of providers have required more sessions. Early pandemic decreases in operating volumes have allowed for this; future planning will have to incorporate smaller groups, sanitizing of equipment, and attention to use of personal protective equipment. Effective technical skills training requires instruction to mastery levels, use of deliberate practice, and high-quality feedback. Reduced sizes of skill-training workshops and approaches for feedback that are not in-person will be required. Mock oral and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) allow for training and assessment of competencies often not addressed otherwise. They provide formative and summative data and objective measurements of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) milestones. They also allow for preparation for the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) APPLIED examination. Adaptations to teleconferencing or videoconferencing can allow for continued use. Benefits of teaching in this new era include enhanced availability of asynchronous learning and opportunities to apply universal, expert-driven curricula. Burdens include decreased social interactions and potential need for an increased amount of smaller, live sessions. Acquiring learning management systems and holding more frequent simulation and skills sessions with fewer learners may increase cost. With the increasing dependency on multimedia and technology support for teaching and learning, one important focus of educational research is on the development and evaluation of strategies that reduce extraneous processing and manage essential and generative processing in virtual learning environments. Collaboration to identify and implement best practices has the potential to improve education for all learners. © 2021 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved. AD - Department of Anesthesiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States AU - Martinelli, S. M. AU - Chen, F. AU - Isaak, R. S. AU - Huffmyer, J. L. AU - Neves, S. E. AU - Mitchell, J. D. C2 - 33201006 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005333 J2 - Anesth. Analg. KW - anesthesia anesthesiologist anesthesiology clinical competence computer simulation curriculum disease transmission education epidemiology human interdisciplinary research learning pandemic prevention and control procedures teaching workflow Anesthesiologists COVID-19 Education, Distance Humans Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional Pandemics LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: AACRA Correspondence Address: Martinelli, S.M.; Department of Anesthesiology, United States; email: smartinelli@aims.unc.edu References: Woolliscroft, JO, Innovation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis (2020) Acad Med, 95, pp. 1140-1142; Back, DA, Behringer, F, Haberstroh, N, Ehlers, JP, Sostmann, K, Peters, H, Learning management system and e-learning tools: an experience of medical students' usage and expectations (2016) Int J Med Educ, 7, pp. 267-273; Gray, K, Tobin, J, Introducing an online community into a clinical education setting: a pilot study of student and staff engagement and outcomes using blended learning (2010) BMC Med Educ, 10, p. 6; Haskins, SC, Feldman, D, Fields, KG, Teaching a point-of-care ultrasound curriculum to anesthesiology trainees with traditional didactic lectures or an online e-learning platform: a pilot study (2018) J Educ Perioper Med, 20, p. E624; Wittich, CM, Agrawal, A, Cook, DA, E-learning in graduate medical education: survey of residency program directors (2017) BMC Med Educ, 17, p. 114; Al Ghofaily, L, Mitchell, JD, Woodworth, G, Anesthesia residency training in cardiac anesthesia: development of a model curricula and educational resources: the anesthesia toolbox (2018) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 32, pp. 621-630; Bonnes, SL, Ratelle, JT, Halvorsen, AJ, Flipping the quality improvement classroom in residency education (2017) Acad Med, 92, pp. 101-107; Riddell, J, Jhun, P, Fung, CC, Does the flipped classroom improve learning in graduate medical education? (2017) J Grad Med Educ, 9, pp. 491-496; Chen, F, Lui, AM, Martinelli, SM, A systematic review of the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in medical education (2017) Med Educ, 51, pp. 585-597; Girgis, F, Miller, JP, Implementation of a "flipped classroom" for neurosurgery resident education (2018) Can J Neurol Sci, 45, pp. 76-82; King, AM, Gottlieb, M, Mitzman, J, Dulani, T, Schulte, SJ, Way, DP, Flipping the classroom in graduate medical education: a systematic review (2019) J Grad Med Educ, 11, pp. 18-29; French, H, Arias-Shah, A, Gisondo, C, Gray, MM, Perspectives: the flipped classroom in graduate medical education (2020) Neoreviews, 21, pp. e150-e156; Beer, L, Gray, M, Carbajal, MM, Megaflip," a novel approach to national collaboration for flipped classroom education (2020) Acad Pediatr, 20, pp. 758-759; ACGME Program Requirements for Graduate Medical Education In Anesthesiology, , https://www.acgme.org/Portals/0/PFAssets/ProgramRequirements/040_Anesthesiology_2020.pdf?ver=2020-06-18-132902-423, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Accessed August 4, 2020; Weller, J, Henderson, R, Webster, CS, Building the evidence on simulation validity: comparison of anesthesiologists' communication patterns in real and simulated cases (2014) Anesthesiology, 120, pp. 142-148; Kolbe, M, Grande, B, Spahn, DR, Briefing and debriefing during simulation-based training and beyond: Content, structure, attitude and setting (2015) Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol, 29, pp. 87-96; Welch-Horan, TB, Lemke, DS, Bastero, P, Feedback, reflection and team learning for COVID-19: development of a novel clinical event debriefing tool (2020) BMJ Simul Technol Enhanc Learn, , Published online first May 21; Anwar, A, Seger, C, Tollefson, A, Diachun, CAB, Tanaka, P, Umar, S, Medical education in the COVID-19 era: impact on anesthesiology trainees (2020) J Clin Anesth, 66, p. 109949; Kurup, V, Matei, V, Ray, J, Role of in-situ simulation for training in healthcare: opportunities and challenges (2017) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 30, pp. 755-760; Ahmed, OMA, Azher, I, Gallagher, AG, Breslin, DS, O'Donnell, BD, Shorten, GD, Deliberate practice using validated metrics improves skill acquisition in performance of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block in a simulated setting (2018) J Clin Anesth, 48, pp. 22-27; Issenberg, SB, McGaghie, WC, Gordon, DL, Effectiveness of a cardiology review course for internal medicine residents using simulation technology and deliberate practice (2002) Teach Learn Med, 14, pp. 223-228; Price, J, Naik, V, Boodhwani, M, Brandys, T, Hendry, P, Lam, BK, A randomized evaluation of simulation training on performance of vascular anastomosis on a high-fidelity in vivo model: the role of deliberate practice (2011) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 142, pp. 496-503; McGaghie, WC, Issenberg, SB, Barsuk, JH, Wayne, DB, A critical review of simulation-based mastery learning with translational outcomes (2014) Med Educ, 48, pp. 375-385; Griswold-Theodorson, S, Ponnuru, S, Dong, C, Szyld, D, Reed, T, McGaghie, WC, Beyond the simulation laboratory: a realist synthesis review of clinical outcomes of simulation-based mastery learning (2015) Acad Med, 90, pp. 1553-1560; Bisgaard, CH, Rubak, SLM, Rodt, SA, Petersen, JAK, Musaeus, P, The effects of graduate competency-based education and mastery learning on patient care and return on investment: a narrative review of basic anesthetic procedures (2018) BMC Med Educ, 18, p. 154; Wayne, DB, Barsuk, JH, O'Leary, KJ, Fudala, MJ, McGaghie, WC, Mastery learning of thoracentesis skills by internal medicine residents using simulation technology and deliberate practice (2008) J Hosp Med, 3, pp. 48-54; Barsuk, JH, Ahya, SN, Cohen, ER, McGaghie, WC, Wayne, DB, Mastery learning of temporary hemodialysis catheter insertion by nephrology fellows using simulation technology and deliberate practice (2009) Am J Kidney Dis, 54, pp. 70-76; McGaghie, WC, Barsuk, JH, Wayne, DB, AM last page: mastery learning with deliberate practice in medical education (2015) Acad Med, 90, p. 1575; Ericsson, KA, Krampe, RT, Tesch-Römer, C, The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance (1993) Psychol Rev, 100, pp. 363-406; Issenberg, SB, McGaghie, WC, Petrusa, ER, Lee Gordon, D, Scalese, RJ, Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: a BEME systematic review (2005) Med Teach, 27, pp. 10-28; McGaghie, WC, Issenberg, SB, Petrusa, ER, Scalese, RJ, A critical review of simulation-based medical education research: 2003-2009 (2010) Med Educ, 44, pp. 50-63; Mizota, T, Kurashima, Y, Poudel, S, Watanabe, Y, Shichinohe, T, Hirano, S, Step-by-step training in basic laparoscopic skills using two-way web conferencing software for remote coaching: a multicenter randomized controlled study (2018) Am J Surg, 216, pp. 88-92; Yu, K, Li, X, Wang, F, Du, Y, Research on the realization of remote clinical skills training (2018) J Med Syst, 42, p. 203; Matyal, R, Mitchell, JD, Hess, PE, Simulator-based transesophageal echocardiographic training with motion analysis: a curriculum-based approach (2014) Anesthesiology, 121, pp. 389-399; Montealegre-Gallegos, M, Mahmood, F, Kim, H, Imaging skills for transthoracic echocardiography in cardiology fellows: the value of motion metrics (2016) Ann Card Anaesth, 19, pp. 245-250; Phillips, AW, Matthan, J, Bookless, LR, Individualised expert feedback is not essential for improving basic clinical skills performance in novice learners: a randomized trial (2017) J Surg Educ, 74, pp. 612-620; Nesbitt, CI, Phillips, AW, Searle, RF, Stansby, G, Randomized trial to assess the effect of supervised and unsupervised video feedback on teaching practical skills (2015) J Surg Educ, 72, pp. 697-703; Rammell, J, Matthan, J, Gray, M, Asynchronous unsupervised video-enhanced feedback as effective as direct expert feedback in the long-term retention of practical clinical skills: randomised trial comparing 2 feedback methods in a cohort of novice medical students (2018) J Surg Educ, 75, pp. 1463-1470; Alameddine, MB, Englesbe, MJ, Waits, SA, A video-based coaching intervention to improve surgical skill in fourth-year medical students (2018) J Surg Educ, 75, pp. 1475-1479; McEvoy, MD, Hand, WR, Stoll, WD, Furse, CM, Nietert, PJ, Adherence to guidelines for the management of local anesthetic systemic toxicity is improved by an electronic decision support tool and designated "Reader" (2014) Reg Anesth Pain Med, 39, pp. 299-305; Miller, GE, The assessment of clinical skills/competence/performance (1990) Acad Med, 65, pp. S63-S67; Zhou, Y, Sun, H, Culley, DJ, Young, A, Harman, AE, Warner, DO, Effectiveness of written and oral specialty certification examinations to predict actions against the medical licenses of anesthesiologists (2017) Anesthesiology, 126, pp. 1171-1179; Miller, C, Toy, S, Schwengel, D, Isaac, G, Schiavi, A, Development of a simulated objective structured clinical exam for the APPLIED certification exam in anesthesiology: a two-year experience informed by feedback from exam candidates (2019) J Educ Perioper Med, 21, p. E633; Schubert, A, Tetzlaff, J, Licina, M, Mascha, E, Smith, MP, Organization of a comprehensive anesthesiology oral practice examination program: planning, structure, startup, administration, growth and evaluation (1999) J Educ Perioper Med, 1, p. E007; Schubert, A, Tetzlaff, JE, Tan, M, Ryckman, JV, Mascha, E, Consistency, inter-rater reliability, and validity of 441 consecutive mock oral examinations in anesthesiology: implications for use as a tool for assessment of residents (1999) Anesthesiology, 91, pp. 288-298; Isaak, RS, Chen, F, Arora, H, Martinelli, SM, Zvara, DA, Stiegler, MP, A descriptive survey of anesthesiology residency simulation programs: how are programs preparing residents for the New American Board of Anesthesiology APPLIED certification examination? (2017) Anesth Analg, 125, pp. 991-998; Sun, H, Warner, DO, Patterson, AJ, The american board of anesthesiology's standardized oral examination for initial board certification (2019) Anesth Analg, 129, pp. 1394-1400; Rochlen, LR, Tarnal, V, Vance, JL, Alderink, E, Bernstein, WK, Modules for the technical skills section of the OSCE component of the American Board of Anesthesiology APPLIED examination (2019) MedEdPORTAL, 15, p. 10820; Rebel, A, Hester, DL, DiLorenzo, A, McEvoy, MD, Schell, RM, Beyond the "E" in OSCE (2018) Anesth Analg, 127, pp. 1092-1096; Hastie, MJ, Spellman, JL, Pagano, PP, Hastie, J, Egan, BJ, Designing and implementing the objective structured clinical examination in anesthesiology (2014) Anesthesiology, 120, pp. 196-203; Tanaka, P, Adriano, A, Ngai, L, Development of an objective structured clinical examination using the american board of anesthesiology content outline for the objective structured clinical examination component of the APPLIED certification examination (2018) A A Pract, 11, pp. 193-197; Warner, DO, Isaak, RS, Peterson-Layne, C, Development of an objective structured clinical examination as a component of assessment for initial board certification in anesthesiology (2020) Anesth Analg, 130, pp. 258-264; Rebel, A, Dilorenzo, A, Isaak, R, Replicating an educational OSCE project for skill assessment of junior anesthesiology residents at multiple institutions: a qualitative description (2018) J Educ Perioper Med, 20, p. E622; Rebel, A, DiLorenzo, AN, Fragneto, RY, A competitive objective structured clinical examination event to generate an objective assessment of anesthesiology resident skills development (2016) A A Case Rep, 6, pp. 313-319; Chen, F, Carter, TB, Maguire, DP, Blanchard, EE, Martinelli, SM, Isaak, RS, Experience is the teacher of all things: prior participation in anesthesiology OSCEs enhances communication of treatment options with simulated high-risk patients (2019) J Educ Perioper Med, 21, p. E626; Lawrence, K, Hanley, K, Adams, J, Sartori, DJ, Greene, R, Zabar, S, Building telemedicine capacity for trainees during the novel coronavirus outbreak: a case study and lessons learned (2020) J Gen Intern Med, 35, pp. 2675-2679; Sartori, DJ, Olsen, S, Weinshel, E, Zabar, SR, Preparing trainees for telemedicine: a virtual OSCE pilot (2019) Med Educ, 53, pp. 517-518; Isaak, RS, Chen, F, Martinelli, SM, Validity of simulation-based assessment for accreditation council for graduate medical education milestone achievement (2018) Simul Healthc, 13, pp. 201-210; Timberlake, MD, Mayo, HG, Scott, L, Weis, J, Gardner, AK, What do we know about intraoperative teaching?: a systematic review (2017) Ann Surg, 266, pp. 251-259; de Oliveira Filho, GR, Dal Mago, AJ, Garcia, JH, Goldschmidt, R, An instrument designed for faculty supervision evaluation by anesthesia residents and its psychometric properties (2008) Anesth Analg, 107, pp. 1316-1322; Brzezinski, M, Kukreja, J, Mitchell, JD, Time-efficient, goal-directed, and evidence-based teaching in the ICU (2019) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol, 32, pp. 136-143; Sneyd, JR, Mathoulin, SE, O'Sullivan, EP, Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anaesthesia trainees and their training (2020) Br J Anaesth, 125, pp. 450-455; Blanié, A, Gorse, S, Roulleau, P, Figueiredo, S, Benhamou, D, Impact of learners' role (active participant-observer or observer only) on learning outcomes during high-fidelity simulation sessions in anaesthesia: a single center, prospective and randomised study (2018) Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med, 37, pp. 417-422; Naranjo, DM, Prieto, JR, Molto, G, Calatrava, A, A visual dashboard to track learning analytics for educational cloud computing (2019) Sensors (Basel), 19, p. 2952; Mitchell, JD, Mahmood, F, Bose, R, Hess, PE, Wong, V, Matyal, R, Novel, multimodal approach for basic transesophageal echocardiographic teaching (2014) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 28, pp. 800-809; Mayer, RE, Thirty years of research on online learning (2019) Appl Cogn Psychol, 33, pp. 152-159; Leppink, J, Duvivier, R, Twelve tips for medical curriculum design from a cognitive load theory perspective (2016) Med Teach, 38, pp. 669-674; Sweller, J, Cognitive load theory and educational technology (2020) Educ Technol Res Dev, 68, pp. 1-16; Szulewski, A, Howes, D, van Merrienboer, JJG, Sweller, J, From theory to practice: the application of cognitive load theory to the practice of medicine (2020) Acad Med, , Published online ahead of print June 2 PY - 2021 SN - 00032999 (ISSN) SP - 585-593 ST - Educating Anesthesiologists during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and beyond T2 - Anesthesia and Analgesia TI - Educating Anesthesiologists during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and beyond UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85102153182&doi=10.1213%2fANE.0000000000005333&partnerID=40&md5=f77b6699118f0e007d879eb39d74f956 ID - 179 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the incidence and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazilian children and to analyze its relationship with socio-economic inequalities in a state-level analysis. Study design: This is a nationwide register-based study. Methods: To estimate the incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 in Brazilian children aged 0–19 years, we extracted data of confirmed cases and deaths from the de-identified microdata catalog and official bulletins of the 27 Brazilian states' health department websites until September 3, 2020. Social and economic inequalities were evaluated using the Social Vulnerability Index and Gini coefficient, respectively. The relationship between COVID-19 rates in Brazilian children and socio-economic vulnerability at the state level was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation. Results: Of the 3,998,055 individuals with COVID-19 included in our database, 335,279 (8.4%) were children aged 0–19 years. Eight hundred deaths in children were registered, which accounts for about 0.7% of the deaths related to COVID-19 in the country. There were important differences in the incidence and mortality rates among Brazilian regions, and a correlation between mortality rates and social (ρ = 0.519; P-value = 0.007; effect magnitude: moderate) and economic (ρ = 0.615; P-value < 0.001; effect magnitude: strong) inequalities was found in a state-level analysis. Conclusions: This population-based study showed important regional differences in COVID-19 estimates for children in Brazil and a relationship between mortality rates and socio-economic inequalities. The knowledge of sociogeographic differences in the estimates of COVID-19 is crucial to planning societal strategies and local decision-making to mitigate the effects of disease in the pediatric population. © 2020 The Royal Society for Public Health AD - Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil Juvenile Justice and Child Abuse, UNICEF, Brazil Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil AU - Martins-Filho, P. R. AU - Quintans-Júnior, L. J. AU - de Souza Araújo, A. A. AU - Sposato, K. B. AU - Souza Tavares, C. S. AU - Gurgel, R. Q. AU - Fontes Leite, D. C. AU - de Paiva, S. M. AU - Santos, H. P., Jr. AU - Santos, V. S. C2 - 33316478 DB - Scopus DO - 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.11.005 J2 - Public Health KW - COVID-19 Pediatrics Public health SARS-CoV-2 Socio-economic factors child health mortality socioeconomic status viral disease vulnerability adolescent adult Article assessment of humans Brazil Brazilian child child health care childhood mortality controlled study coronavirus disease 2019 disease association disease registry factual database geographic distribution health care planning human infant major clinical study medical decision making morbidity mortality rate newborn pandemic population research social status Social Vulnerability Index epidemiology female health care disparity health disparity incidence male preschool child social determinants of health socioeconomics young adult Coronavirus SARS coronavirus Child, Preschool Health Status Disparities Healthcare Disparities Humans Infant, Newborn Socioeconomic Factors LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Cited By :1 Export Date: 4 May 2021 CODEN: PUHEA Correspondence Address: Martins-Filho, P.R.; Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Rua Cláudio Batista, s/n. Sanatório, Brazil; email: martins-filho@ufs.br Funding details: 10/2016 - PROMOB Funding details: 11/2016 - PROEF Funding details: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES Funding details: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq Funding text 1: The present study was carried out with support from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - CAPES/Brazil (Finance code 001), Research and Technological Innovation Support Foundation of the State of Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE (EDITAL CAPES/FAPITEC N° 11/2016 - PROEF; and EDITAL CAPES/FAPITEC N° 10/2016 - PROMOB) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq/Brazil (Finance code 09/2018). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. References: Brodin, P., Why is COVID-19 so mild in children? (2020) Acta Paediatr, 109 (6), pp. 1082-1083; She, J., Liu, L., Liu, W., COVID-19 epidemic: disease characteristics in children (2020) J Med Virol, 92 (7), pp. 747-754; Ludvigsson, J.F., Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults (2020) Acta Paediatr, 109 (6), pp. 1088-1095; Antúnez-Montes, O.Y., Escamilla, M.I., Figueroa-Uribe, A.F., COVID-19 in South American children: a call for action (2020) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 39 (10), pp. e332-e334; Bambra, C., Riordan, R., Ford, J., The COVID-19 pandemic and health inequalities (2020) J Epidemiol Community Health, 74 (11), pp. 964-968; Chaudhry, R., Dranitsaris, G., Mubashir, T., A country level analysis measuring the impact of government actions, country preparedness and socioeconomic factors on COVID-19 mortality and related health outcomes (2020) E Clin Med, 25, p. 100464; Martins-Filho, P.R., de Souza Araújo, A.A., Quintans-Júnior, L.J., COVID-19 fatality rates related to social inequality in Northeast Brazil: a neighbourhood-level analysis (2020) J Trav Med, 27 (7). , taaa128; Buonsenso, D., Disease and age-related inequalities in paediatric research, funding and communication: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Acta Paediatr, , apa.15450 [online ahead of print]; Sinha, I.P., Lee, A.R., Bennett, D., Child poverty, food insecurity, and respiratory health during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8 (8), pp. 762-763; Parri, N., Lenge, M., Buonsenso, D., Children with covid-19 in pediatric emergency departments in Italy (2020) N Engl J Med, 383 (2), pp. 187-190 PY - 2021 SN - 00333506 (ISSN) SP - 4-6 ST - Socio-economic inequalities and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Brazilian children: a nationwide register-based study T2 - Public Health TI - Socio-economic inequalities and COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Brazilian children: a nationwide register-based study UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85097736563&doi=10.1016%2fj.puhe.2020.11.005&partnerID=40&md5=a1474fb97dd63e2e9b02415bc4554d16 VL - 190 ID - 211 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Extensive fibrin deposition in the lungs and altered levels of circulating blood coagulation proteins in COVID-19 patients imply local derangement of pathways that limit fibrin formation and/or promote its clearance. We examined transcriptional profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples to identify molecular mechanisms underlying these coagulopathies. mRNA levels for regulators of the kallikrein-kinin (C1-inhibitor), coagulation (thrombomodulin, endothelial protein C receptor), and fibrinolytic (urokinase and urokinase receptor) pathways were significantly reduced in COVID-19 patients. While transcripts for several coagulation proteins were increased, those encoding tissue factor, the protein that initiates coagulation and whose expression is frequently increased in inflammatory disorders, were not increased in BALF from COVID-19 patients. Our analysis implicates enhanced propagation of coagulation and decreased fibrinolysis as drivers of the coagulopathy in the lungs of COVID-19 patients. © 2021, eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. All rights reserved. AD - Versiti Blood Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology Neurobiology and Anatomy Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge, TN, United States University of Tennessee Knoxville, The Bredesen Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Graduate Education, Knoxville, TN, United States Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, United States University of Tennessee Knoxville, Department of Psychology, Knoxville, TN, United States AU - Mast, A. E. AU - Wolberg, A. S. AU - Gailani, D. AU - Garvin, M. R. AU - Alvarez, C. AU - Izaak Miller, J. AU - Aronow, B. AU - Jacobson, D. C2 - 33683204 C7 - e64330 DB - Scopus DO - 10.7554/eLife.64330 J2 - eLife LA - English M3 - Article N1 - Export Date: 4 May 2021 Correspondence Address: Jacobson, D.; Oak Ridge National Laboratory, United States; email: jacobsonda@ornl.gov Correspondence Address: Jacobson, D.; University of Tennessee Knoxville, United States; email: jacobsonda@ornl.gov Funding details: National Institutes of Health, NIH, HL068835, HL126974, HL140025, HL143403 Funding details: Office of Science, SC, DE-AC05-00OR22725 Funding details: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, ORNL Funding text 1: was also provided by the National Institutes of Health grants HL068835 (AM), HL143403 (AW), HL126974 (AW), and HL140025 (DG) to support analyses and interpretation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways. This research used resources of the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. This research used resources of the Compute and Data Environment for Science (CADES) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. References: Adachi, T, Chong, J-M, Nakajima, N, Sano, M, Yamazaki, J, Miyamoto, I, Nishioka, H, Suzuki, T., Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Findings from Autopsy of Patient with COVID-19, Japan (2020) Emerg Infect Dis, 26; Ammollo, C, Semeraro, F, Colucci, M, Simioni, P., Factor IX-Padua enhances the fibrinolytic resistance of plasma clots (2014) Thrombosis and Haemostasis; Bajaj, MS, Kuppuswamy, MN, Saito, H, Spitzer, SG, Bajaj, SP., Cultured normal human hepatocytes do not synthesize lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor: evidence that endothelium is the principal site of its synthesis (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 87, pp. 8869-8873; Barton, LM, Duval, EJ, Stroberg, E, Ghosh, S, Mukhopadhyay, S., COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA (2020) Am J Clin Pathol, 153, pp. 725-733; Busse, PJ, Christiansen, SC., Hereditary Angioedema (2020) N Engl J Med, 382, pp. 1136-1148; Chen, N, Zhou, M, Dong, X, Qu, J, Gong, F, Han, Y, Qiu, Y, Zhang, L., Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study (2020) The Lancet; Cicardi, M, Zuraw, BL., Angioedema Due to Bradykinin Dysregulation (2018) J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 6, pp. 1132-1141; Davin, L, Marechal, P, Lancellotti, P, Martinez, C, Pierard, L, Radermecker, R., Angioedema: a rare and sometimes delayed side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (2019) Acta Cardiol, 74, pp. 277-281; Dolhnikoff, M, Duarte-Neto, AN, de Almeida Monteiro, RA, da Silva, LFF, de Oliveira, EP, Saldiva, PHN, Mauad, T, Negri, EM., Pathological evidence of pulmonary thrombotic phenomena in severe COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost; Edwards, RL, Rickles, FR, Bobrove, AM., Mononuclear cell tissue factor: cell of origin and requirements for activation (1979) Blood, 54, pp. 359-370; Entrenas Castillo, M, Entrenas Costa, LM, Vaquero Barrios, JM, Alcalá Díaz, JF, López Miranda, J, Bouillon, R, Quesada Gomez, JM., Effect of calcifediol treatment and best available therapy versus best available therapy on intensive care unit admission and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: A pilot randomized clinical study (2020) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 203, p. 105751; Ewald, GA, Eisenberg, PR., Plasmin-mediated activation of contact system in response to pharmacological thrombolysis (1995) Circulation, 91, pp. 28-36; Foley, JH, Walton, BL, Aleman, MM, O’Byrne, AM, Lei, V, Harrasser, M, Foley, KA, Conway, EM., Complement Activation in Arterial and Venous Thrombosis is Mediated by Plasmin (2016) EBioMedicine, 5, pp. 175-182; Folsom, AR, Tang, W, Roetker, NS, Heckbert, SR, Cushman, M, Pankow, JS., Prospective study of circulating factor XI and incident venous thromboembolism: The Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE) (2015) Am J Hematol, 90, pp. 1047-1051; Fox, SE, Akmatbekov, A, Harbert, JL, Li, G, Quincy Brown, J, Vander Heide, RS., (2020) Pulmonary and Cardiac Pathology in Covid-19: The First Autopsy Series from New Orleans; Fox, SE, Akmatbekov, A, Harbert, JL, Li, G, Quincy Brown, J, Vander Heide, RS., Pulmonary and Cardiac Pathology in Covid-19: The First Autopsy Series from New Orleans, , n.d; Garvin, MR, Alvarez, C, Miller, JI, Prates, ET, Walker, AM, Amos, BK, Mast, AE, Jacobson, D., A mechanistic model and therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 involving a RAS-mediated bradykinin storm (2020) Elife, 9; Gattinoni, L, Coppola, S, Cressoni, M, Busana, M, Rossi, S, Chiumello, D., COVID-19 Does Not Lead to a “Typical” Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2020) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine; Geerdes-Fenge, Geerdes-Fenge, Reisinger, EC, Arndt, H., Pulmonary artery embolism in COVID-19 despite thrombosis prophylaxis (2020) Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online; Geerdes-Fenge, HF, Reisinger, EC, Arndt, H., Pulmonary Artery Embolism in COVID-19 Despite Thrombosis Prophylaxis (2020) Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online; Grover, SP, Mackman, N., Tissue Factor: An Essential Mediator of Hemostasis and Trigger of Thrombosis (2018) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 38, pp. 709-725; Guadiz, G, Sporn, LA, Goss, RA, Lawrence, SO, Marder, VJ, Simpson-Haidaris, PJ., Polarized secretion of fibrinogen by lung epithelial cells (1997) Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 17, pp. 60-69; Gu, L, Deng, H, Ren, Z, Zhao, Y, Yu, S, Guo, Y, Dai, J, Wang, G., Dynamic Changes in the Microbiome and Mucosal Immune Microenvironment of the Lower Respiratory Tract by Influenza Virus Infection (2019) Front Microbiol, 10, p. 2491; Helms, J, Tacquard, C, Severac, F, Leonard-Lorant, I, Ohana, M, Delabranche, X, Merdji, H, Meziani, F, High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study (2020) Intensive Care Med, , CRICS TRIGGERSEP Group (Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis Trial Group for Global Evaluation and Research in Sepsis). a; Helms, J, Tacquard, C, Severac, F, Leonard-Lorant, I, Ohana, M, Delabranche, X, Merdji, H, Meziani, F, High risk of thrombosis in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter prospective cohort study (2020) Intensive Care Med, , CRICS TRIGGERSEP Group (Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis Trial Group for Global Evaluation and Research in Sepsis). b; Ito, T, Thachil, J, Asakura, H, Levy, JH, Iba, T., Thrombomodulin in disseminated intravascular coagulation and other critical conditions—a multifaceted anticoagulant protein with therapeutic potential (2019) Critical Care; Ivanov, I, Shakhawat, R, Sun, M-F, Dickeson, SK, Puy, C, McCarty, OJT, Gruber, A, Gailani, D., Nucleic acids as cofactors for factor XI and prekallikrein activation: Different roles for high-molecular-weight kininogen (2017) Thromb Haemost, 117, pp. 671-681; Jakieła, B, Gielicz, A, Plutecka, H, Przybyszowski, M, Soja, J, Sładek, K, Bochenek, G., Bronchoalveolar lavage transcriptome and eicosanoid profiles reveal heterogeneity of lower airway inflammation in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) (2018) Allergy and immunology; Kahn, N, Granzow, M, Meister, M, Muley, T, Herth, FJF, Kreuter, M., Transcriptome analysis in endobronchial epithelial lining fluid compared to bronchoalveolar lavage in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2015) Pneumologie; Kleniewski, J, Donaldson, VH., Comparison of human high molecular weight kininogen digestion by plasma kallikrein and by plasmin. A revised method of purification of high molecular weight kininogen (1987) J Lab Clin Med, 109, pp. 469-479; Lax, SF, Skok, K, Zechner, P, Kessler, HH, Kaufmann, N, Koelblinger, C, Vander, K, Trauner, M., Pulmonary Arterial Thrombosis in COVID-19 With Fatal Outcome: Results From a Prospective, Single-Center, Clinicopathologic Case Series (2020) Annals of Internal Medicine; Lax, SF, Skok, K, Zechner, P, Kessler, HH, Kaufmann, N, Koelblinger, C, Vander, K, Trauner, M., Pulmonary Arterial Thrombosis in COVID-19 With Fatal Outcome: Results From a Prospective, Single-Center, Clinicopathologic Case Series (2020) Ann Intern Med, 173, pp. 350-361; Levi, M, van der Poll, T., Coagulation and sepsis (2017) Thromb Res, 149, pp. 38-44; Long, AT, Kenne, E, Jung, R, Fuchs, TA, Renné, T., Contact system revisited: an interface between inflammation, coagulation, and innate immunity (2016) J Thromb Haemost, 14, pp. 427-437; Maas, C, Renné, T., Coagulation factor XII in thrombosis and inflammation (2018) Blood, 131, pp. 1903-1909; Magro, C, Mulvey, JJ, Berlin, D, Nuovo, G, Salvatore, S, Harp, J, Baxter-Stoltzfus, A, Laurence, J., Complement associated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 infection: A report of five cases (2020) Transl Res, 220, pp. 1-13; Marceau, F, Bachelard, H, Bouthillier, J, Fortin, J-P, Morissette, G, Bawolak, M-T, Charest-Morin, X, Gera, L., Bradykinin receptors: Agonists, antagonists, expression, signaling, and adaptation to sustained stimulation (2020) Int Immunopharmacol, 82, p. 106305; McCarthy, DJ, Chen, Y, Smyth, GK., Differential expression analysis of multifactor RNA-Seq experiments with respect to biological variation (2012) Nucleic Acids Res, 40, pp. 4288-4297; Mestres, G, Puigmacià, R, Blanco, C, Yugueros, X, Esturrica, M, Riambau, V., Risk of peripheral arterial thrombosis in COVID-19 (2020) Journal of Vascular Surgery; Michalovich, D, Rodriguez-Perez, N, Smolinska, S, Pirozynski, M, Mayhew, D, Uddin, S, Van Horn, S, O’Mahony, L., Obesity and disease severity magnify disturbed microbiome-immune interactions in asthma patients (2019) Nat Commun, 10, p. 5711; Middeldorp, S, Coppens, M, van Haaps, TF, Foppen, M, Vlaar, AP, Müller, MCA, Bouman, CCS, van Es, N., Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost; Middeldorp, S, Coppens, M, van Haaps, TF, Foppen, M, Vlaar, AP, Müller, MCA, Bouman, CCS, van Es, N., Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (2020) J Thromb Haemost; Mohammed, BM, Matafonov, A, Ivanov, I, Sun, M-F, Cheng, Q, Dickeson, SK, Li, C, Gailani, D., An update on factor XI structure and function (2018) Thromb Res, 161, pp. 94-105; Panigada, M, Bottino, N, Tagliabue, P, Grasselli, G, Novembrino, C, Chantarangkul, V, Pesenti, A, Tripodi, A., Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit: A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18, pp. 1738-1742; Panigada, M, Bottino, N, Tagliabue, P, Grasselli, G, Novembrino, C, Chantarangkul, V, Pesenti, A, Tripodi, A., Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in intensive care unit: A report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18, pp. 1738-1742; Pieters, M, Wolberg, AS., Fibrinogen and fibrin: An illustrated review (2019) Res Pract Thromb Haemost, 3, pp. 161-172; Prada, AE, Zahedi, K, Davis, AE, Regulation of C1 inhibitor synthesis (1998) Immunobiology, 199, pp. 377-388; Preis, M, Hirsch, J, Kotler, A, Zoabi, A, Stein, N, Rennert, G, Saliba, W., Factor XI deficiency is associated with lower risk for cardiovascular and venous thromboembolism events (2017) Blood, 129, pp. 1210-1215; Revenko, AS, Gao, D, Crosby, JR, Bhattacharjee, G, Zhao, C, May, C, Gailani, D, MacLeod, AR., Selective depletion of plasma prekallikrein or coagulation factor XII inhibits thrombosis in mice without increased risk of bleeding (2011) Blood, 118, pp. 5302-5311; Riewald, M, Petrovan, RJ, Donner, A, Mueller, BM, Ruf, W., Activation of endothelial cell protease activated receptor 1 by the protein C pathway (2002) Science, 296, pp. 1880-1882; Robinson, MD, McCarthy, DJ, Smyth, GK., edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data (2010) Bioinformatics, 26, pp. 139-140; Salomon, O, Steinberg, DM, Koren-Morag, N, Tanne, D, Seligsohn, U., Reduced incidence of ischemic stroke in patients with severe factor XI deficiency (2008) Blood, 111, pp. 4113-4117; Salomon, O, Steinberg, DM, Zucker, M, Varon, D, Zivelin, A, Seligsohn, U., Patients with severe factor XI deficiency have a reduced incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (2011) Thromb Haemost, 105, pp. 269-273; Schmaier, AH., The contact activation and kallikrein/kinin systems: pathophysiologic and physiologic activities (2016) J Thromb Haemost, 14, pp. 28-39; Schmaier, AH, Emsley, J, Feener, EP, Gailani, D, Govers-Riemslag, JWP, Kaplan, AP, Maas, C, Meijers, JCM., Nomenclature of factor XI and the contact system (2019) J Thromb Haemost, 17, pp. 2216-2219; Sengupta, S, Tang, SY, Devine, JC, Anderson, ST, Nayak, S, Zhang, SL, Valenzuela, A, FitzGerald, GA., Circadian control of lung inflammation in influenza infection (2019) Nat Commun, 10, p. 4107; Shetty, S, Padijnayayveetil, J, Tucker, T, Stankowska, D, Idell, S., The fibrinolytic system and the regulation of lung epithelial cell proteolysis, signaling, and cellular viability (2008) Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 295, pp. L967-L975; Siegerink, B, Govers-Riemslag, JWP, Rosendaal, FR, Ten Cate, H, Algra, A., Intrinsic coagulation activation and the risk of arterial thrombosis in young women: results from the Risk of Arterial Thrombosis in relation to Oral contraceptives (RATIO) case-control study (2010) Circulation, 122, pp. 1854-1861; Simpson-Haidaris, PJ, Courtney, MA, Wright, TW, Goss, R, Harmsen, A, Gigliotti, F., Induction of fibrinogen expression in the lung epithelium during Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (1998) Infect Immun, 66, pp. 4431-4439; Stavrou, EX., Factor XII in inflammation and wound healing (2018) Current Opinion in Hematology; Su, H, Yang, M, Wan, C, Yi, L-X, Tang, F, Zhu, H-Y, Yi, F, Zhang, C., Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China (2020) Kidney Int; Sun, Q, Fang, L, Roth, M, Tang, X, Papakonstantinou, E, Zhai, W, Louis, R, Stolz, D., Bronchial thermoplasty decreases airway remodelling by blocking epithelium-derived heat shock protein-60 secretion and protein arginine methyltransferase-1 in fibroblasts (2019) Eur Respir J, 54; Suri, MFK, Yamagishi, K, Aleksic, N, Hannan, PJ, Folsom, AR., Novel hemostatic factor levels and risk of ischemic stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (2010) Cerebrovasc Dis, 29, pp. 497-502; Tang, N, Li, D, Wang, X, Sun, Z., Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (2020) J Thromb Haemost, 18, pp. 844-847; van de Veerdonk, FL, Kouijzer, IJE, de Nooijer, AH, van der Hoeven, HG, Maas, C, Netea, MG, Brüggemann, RJM., Outcomes Associated With Use of a Kinin B2 Receptor Antagonist Among Patients With COVID-19 (2020) JAMA Netw Open, 3, p. e2017708; Wang, J, Hajizadeh, N, Moore, EE, McIntyre, RC, Moore, PK, Veress, LA, Yaffe, MB, Barrett, CD., Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A case series (2020) J Thromb Haemost; Wang, Y, Ivanov, I, Smith, SA, Gailani, D, Morrissey, JH., Polyphosphate, Zn and high molecular weight kininogen modulate individual reactions of the contact pathway of blood clotting (2019) J Thromb Haemost, 17, pp. 2131-2140; Weigt, SS, Wang, X, Palchevskiy, V, Li, X, Patel, N, Ross, DJ, Reynolds, J, Belperio, JA., Usefulness of gene expression profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage cells in acute lung allograft rejection (2019) J Heart Lung Transplant, 38, pp. 845-855; Sterne, JAC, Murthy, S, Diaz, JV, Slutsky, AS, Villar, J, Angus, DC, Annane, D, Marshall, JC., Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-analysis (2020) JAMA, , WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group; Wood, JP, Ellery, PER, Maroney, SA, Mast, AE., Biology of tissue factor pathway inhibitor (2014) Blood, 123, pp. 2934-2943; Xu, Z, Shi, L, Wang, Y, Zhang, J, Huang, L, Zhang, C, Liu, S, Wang, F-S., Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (2020) Lancet Respir Med, 8, pp. 420-422; Zhang, H-H, Li, C-X, Tang, L-F., The Differential Expression Profiles of miRNA-let 7a, 7b, and 7c in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid From Infants With Asthma and Airway Foreign Bodies (2019) J Evid Based Integr Med, 24, p. 2515690X18821906; Zhou, F, Yu, T, Du, R, Fan, G, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Xiang, J, Cao, B., Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study (2020) Lancet, 395, pp. 1054-1062; Zhou, P, Yang, X-L, Wang, X-G, Hu, B, Zhang, L, Zhang, W, Si, H-R, Shi, Z-L., A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin (2020) Nature, 579, pp. 270-273 PY - 2021 SN - 2050084X (ISSN) ST - SARS-CoV-2 suppresses anticoagulant and fibrinolytic gene expression in the lung T2 - eLife TI - SARS-CoV-2 suppresses anticoagulant and fibrinolytic gene expression in the lung UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85103312286&doi=10.7554%2feLife.64330&partnerID=40&md5=b7ad743f7ca9b8b9807a8206a2c3d204 VL - 10 ID - 68 ER - TY - JOUR AB - Objectives: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulting from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 began to affect the United States in early 2020. This study aimed to assess the US public’s initial understanding about the disease and virus to inform public health communication efforts. Methods: We conducted a survey of US households from February 28 through March 2, 2020, using a probability-based web-panel survey of 1021 US residents. To assess knowledge about COVID-19, we asked respondents a series of 16 true/false questions. We conducted descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses to examine differences in knowledge scores based on demographic and background characteristics. Results: Knowledge about COVID-19 and the virus was relatively low overall at the beginning of the outbreak, with average scores of 62% on a 16-item knowledge index (ie, answers for 6 of the 16 questions were incorrect or unknown). Knowledge was especially low among people who had low education and income levels, were unemployed, were Hispanic, were non-Hispanic Black, were aged 18-24 and 35-49, indicated having “other” health insurance, and had limited exposure to information about the pandemic. Non-Hispanic Black respondents were less knowledgeable about COVID-19 and the virus at every education level compared with non-Hispanic White respondents at higher education levels. Non-Hispanic Black respondents with