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Suzannah
Isgett
Author
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
Spring 2017
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus
Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which
they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as
respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial
outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal
behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional
faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety
induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major,
orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed
that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended
on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater
increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine
whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic
and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants
provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes
in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to
elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control)
to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed
compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of
perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of
messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened
prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal
withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated
compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method
approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures
of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic
activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided
evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding
individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and
wellbeing are discussed.
Spring 2017
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior,
social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting
institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
Spring 2017
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017-05
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Degree granting institution
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion; emotion; facial mimicry; nonverbal behavior; social connection; vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Degree granting institution
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion, emotion, facial mimicry, nonverbal behavior, social connection, vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion; emotion; facial mimicry; nonverbal behavior; social connection; vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Psychology and Neuroscience
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
Suzannah
Isgett
Creator
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
College of Arts and Sciences
Seeking and Speaking from the Heart: Influences of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia on Facial Mimicry and Expressed Compassion
Humans engage in affiliative, nonverbal behaviors, but the extent to which they do depends on context and individual indices of cardiac vagal activity (measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia or RSA). RSA has been associated with many prosocial outcomes, yet few studies have actually examined its relationship with nonverbal behaviors. In Study 1, a sample of undergraduates (N = 75) viewed blocks of emotional faces (happy or sad) after a resting period, after a threat induction, and after a safety induction. Physiological measures and facial electromyography of the zygomaticus major, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilii muscles were recorded. Analyses revealed that, under perceived threat, facial mimicry was enhanced, and this relationship depended on tonic RSA, such that higher tonic RSA significantly predicted relatively greater increases in facial mimicry under perceived threat. In Study 2, I sought to determine whether and to what extent measures of tonic and phasic RSA were associated with prosodic and linguistic cues of expressed compassion. A sample of 85 undergraduate participants provided baseline recordings and engaged in two tasks that elicited differentiable changes in RSA: a visual attention task to elicit vagal withdrawal, and a guided meditation to elicit vagal elevation. They then recorded two messages (expressed compassion and control) to a person in their lives who was suffering. To evaluate the effectiveness of expressed compassion, I subjected recordings to acoustic analysis, obtained listener ratings of perceived compassion from content-filtered speech, and analyzed the word content of messages. Results suggested that greater baseline RSA was associated with heightened prosodic cues of compassion (i.e., speaking more quietly), but that greater vagal withdrawal was associated with dampened prosodic cues, diminished listener-rated compassion, and an increased likelihood of using anxiety-related words. This multi-method approach demonstrated an effective technique to reliably obtain context-specific measures of RSA reactivity, and suggests the ways in which these indices of parasympathetic activity relate to social engagement behaviors. Overall, the present research provided evidence that indices of parasympathetic control are useful tools in understanding individuals’ capacity to socially engage. Implications for relationship formation and wellbeing are discussed.
2017
Social psychology
Psychology
Psychobiology
compassion; emotion; facial mimicry; nonverbal behavior; social connection; vagal tone
eng
Doctor of Philosophy
Dissertation
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Degree granting institution
Barbara
Fredrickson
Thesis advisor
Sara
Algoe
Thesis advisor
Kathleen
Gates
Thesis advisor
Keely
Muscatell
Thesis advisor
Paschal
Sheeran
Thesis advisor
text
2017-05
Isgett_unc_0153D_17087.pdf
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2019-06-16T00:00:00
2017-04-21T23:07:04Z
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