Functional Impact of Obesity or Intermittent Feeding on Intestinal Stem Cells
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Mah, Amanda. Functional Impact of Obesity Or Intermittent Feeding On Intestinal Stem Cells. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School, 2015. https://doi.org/10.17615/ewrw-j530APA
Mah, A. (2015). Functional Impact of Obesity or Intermittent Feeding on Intestinal Stem Cells. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School. https://doi.org/10.17615/ewrw-j530Chicago
Mah, Amanda. 2015. Functional Impact of Obesity Or Intermittent Feeding On Intestinal Stem Cells. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School. https://doi.org/10.17615/ewrw-j530- Last Modified
- March 19, 2019
- Creator
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Mah, Amanda
- Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Nutrition
- Abstract
- Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and progenitors constantly renew the intestinal epithelium. Effects of obesity or intermittent feeding specifically on ISCs versus progenitors are not defined. This dissertation used Sox9-EGFP reporter mice to test the hypothesis that obesity or intermittent feeding affects proliferation, numbers or intrinsic function of ISCs. Sox9-EGFP mice permit specific evaluation of ISCs or progenitors by histology or flow cytometry and intrinsic function in culture. High fat diet feeding induced obesity and hyperinsulinemia. ISC numbers and proliferation were selectively increased in obese mice. However, ISCs from obese mice exhibited impaired intrinsic function based on reduced ability to survive and generate enteroids in vitro. Excess insulin or IGF1 corrected this in vitro defect indicating that ISCs from obese mice develop acquired dependence on elevated insulin or IGF1 for survival or proliferation. Sox9-EGFP mice were subjected to 20 weeks of an intermittent fasting regimen involving alternating days of ad libitum access to food or fasting (ADF). ADF reportedly produces similar benefits to metabolism or health as calorie restriction. Total food intake and activity did not differ between ADF and ad libitum fed controls. Despite this, ADF mice did not gain body weight and displayed significantly lower fat mass and fasting plasma triglycerides. ADF did not alter ISC number, but affected numbers of intestinal progenitors. After a fast cycle, ADF animals displayed increased progenitors but decreased proliferation, relative to short-term fasted controls. This effect was reversed in ADF animals following a feed cycle suggesting that ADF leads to fasting-induced increases in progenitors that can be rapidly mobilized during feeding. After a fast cycle, ADF animals displayed decreased colonic epithelial cell proliferation associated with increased expression of an anti-proliferative insulin receptor isoform B implicated in protection against colon tumorigenesis. In summary, obesity and hyperinsulinemia promote ISC expansion and hyperproliferation but impaired ISC function, effects that may be relevant to obesity-associated intestinal dysfunction or tumorigenesis. ADF selectively affects small intestinal progenitors and not ISCs, leads to reduced proliferation of colonic epithelium, and promotes an insulin receptor isoform that may decrease cancer risk.
- Date of publication
- May 2015
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- Rights statement
- In Copyright
- Advisor
- Makowski, Liza
- Lund, Pauline Kay
- Magness, Scott
- Pomp, Daniel
- Sethupathy, Praveen
- Degree
- Doctor of Philosophy
- Degree granting institution
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
- Graduation year
- 2015
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- Place of publication
- Chapel Hill, NC
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- There are no restrictions to this item.
- Date uploaded
- June 23, 2015
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