International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition
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Aragon, Alan A, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Diets and Body Composition. BioMed Central, 2017. https://doi.org/10.17615/bsk3-ga46APA
Aragon, A., Schoenfeld, B., Wildman, R., Kleiner, S., Van Dusseldorp, T., Taylor, L., Earnest, C., Arciero, P., Wilborn, C., Kalman, D., Stout, J., Willoughby, D., Campbell, B., Arent, S., Bannock, L., Smith Ryan, A., & Antonio, J. (2017). International society of sports nutrition position stand: diets and body composition. BioMed Central. https://doi.org/10.17615/bsk3-ga46Chicago
Aragon, Alan A, Brad J Schoenfeld, Robert Wildman, Susan Kleiner, Trisha Van Dusseldorp, Lem Taylor, Conrad P Earnest et al. 2017. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Diets and Body Composition. BioMed Central. https://doi.org/10.17615/bsk3-ga46- Creator
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Aragon, Alan A
- Other Affiliation: Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA, USA
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Schoenfeld, Brad J
- Other Affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
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Wildman, Robert
- Other Affiliation: Dymatize Nutrition, Dallas, TX, USA
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Kleiner, Susan
- Other Affiliation: High Performance Nutrition, Mercer Island, WA, USA
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VanDusseldorp, Trisha
- Other Affiliation: Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
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Taylor, Lem
- Other Affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
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Earnest, Conrad P
- Other Affiliation: Exercise and Sports Nutrition Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Arciero, Paul J
- Other Affiliation: Health and Exercise Science, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
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Wilborn, Colin
- Other Affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA
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Kalman, Douglas S
- Other Affiliation: Nutrition Research Division, QPS, Miami, FL, USA
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Stout, Jeffrey R
- Other Affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Willoughby, Darryn S
- Other Affiliation: Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Campbell, Bill
- Other Affiliation: Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Arent, Shawn M
- Other Affiliation: Department of Kinesiology & Health, IFNH Center for Health & Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Bannock, Laurent
- Other Affiliation: Guru Performance Institute, Norwich, UK
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Smith-Ryan, Abbie
- Affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Exercise and Sport Science
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Antonio, Jose
- Other Affiliation: Department of Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, USA
- Abstract
- Abstract Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) bases the following position stand on a critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of diet types (macronutrient composition; eating styles) and their influence on body composition. The ISSN has concluded the following. 1) There is a multitude of diet types and eating styles, whereby numerous subtypes fall under each major dietary archetype. 2) All body composition assessment methods have strengths and limitations. 3) Diets primarily focused on fat loss are driven by a sustained caloric deficit. The higher the baseline body fat level, the more aggressively the caloric deficit may be imposed. Slower rates of weight loss can better preserve lean mass (LM) in leaner subjects. 4) Diets focused primarily on accruing LM are driven by a sustained caloric surplus to facilitate anabolic processes and support increasing resistance-training demands. The composition and magnitude of the surplus, as well as training status of the subjects can influence the nature of the gains. 5) A wide range of dietary approaches (low-fat to low-carbohydrate/ketogenic, and all points between) can be similarly effective for improving body composition. 6) Increasing dietary protein to levels significantly beyond current recommendations for athletic populations may result in improved body composition. Higher protein intakes (2.3–3.1 g/kg FFM) may be required to maximize muscle retention in lean, resistance-trained subjects under hypocaloric conditions. Emerging research on very high protein intakes (>3 g/kg) has demonstrated that the known thermic, satiating, and LM-preserving effects of dietary protein might be amplified in resistance-training subjects. 7) The collective body of intermittent caloric restriction research demonstrates no significant advantage over daily caloric restriction for improving body composition. 8) The long-term success of a diet depends upon compliance and suppression or circumvention of mitigating factors such as adaptive thermogenesis. 9) There is a paucity of research on women and older populations, as well as a wide range of untapped permutations of feeding frequency and macronutrient distribution at various energetic balances combined with training. Behavioral and lifestyle modification strategies are still poorly researched areas of weight management.
- Date of publication
- June 14, 2017
- DOI
- Identifier
- Resource type
- Article
- Rights statement
- In Copyright
- Rights holder
- The Author(s).
- Language
- English
- Bibliographic citation
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2017 Jun 14;14(1):16
- Publisher
- BioMed Central
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