Investigation of Mutagenicity Due to Compounds Other than MX in Chlorinated Humic and Drinking Water
Public Deposited- Last Modified
- February 28, 2019
- Creator
-
Singh, Ravinder
- Affiliation: Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering
- Abstract
- 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone, i.e MX, is recognized as a principal mutagen contributing to (on an average) 30% of the mutagenicity of chlorinated drinking water in the Ames assay. Compounds with structural similarities to MX were suggested as probable mutagens which could account for the remaining 70% of the mutagenicity of chlorinated water. The theoretical basis for the formation and activity of these MX analogues was discussed. Three such candidate mutagens, red-MX, ox-MX and ox-EMX were synthesized, and their mutagenic activities determined (in the Ames assay, strain TA 100) to be 0.13 net revs./ng; 0.36 net revs./ng and 0.03 net revs./ng respectively. It would appear that the aldehyde group is a critical structural feature that governs the mutagenicity of MX. The concentration of MX in samples of chlorinated fulvic acids, humic and drinking water was determined. MX accounted for 36%, 32% and 17% of the overall mutagenicity of these samples, respectively. SIM mode GC/MS analyses on derivatized and underivatized extracts of the chlorinated waters revealed that red-MX and ox-MX were present in concentrations equal to or slightly greater than the amount of MX, while the concentration of ox-EMX was about 20-40 times higher. Due to their weak mutagenicities however, all three compounds were found to account for (individually) less than 1% of the overall activity in each sample. Mutagenicity-directed HPLC fractionation was performed on a chlorinated solution of fulvic acids, selected because it was highly mutagenic but contained a low amount of MX (72% non-MX mutagenicity), After the second level of separation, all the activity had concentrated into a single sub-fraction (31 000 net revs./liter) which was free of MX. The responsible mutagens seem to be less polar compounds in comparison to MX.
- Date of publication
- August 1989
- DOI
- Resource type
- Rights statement
- In Copyright
- Advisor
- Turner, Alvis G.
- Ball, Louise
- Charles, M. Judith
- Degree
- Master of Science in Public Health
- Academic concentration
- Environmental Management and Policy
- Degree granting institution
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Graduation year
- 1989
- Language
- Deposit record
- ad7e9272-7c4f-43e0-afeb-7a5f2526ad76
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