Longitudinal estimation of Plasmodium falciparum prevalence in relation to malaria prevention measures in six sub-Saharan African countries

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  • Drakeley, Chris
    • Other Affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
  • Abdulla, Salim
    • Other Affiliation: Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
  • Agnandji, Selidji T
    • Other Affiliation: Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • Fernandes, José F
    • Other Affiliation: Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • Kremsner, Peter
    • Other Affiliation: Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • Lell, Bertrand
    • Other Affiliation: Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • Mewono, Ludovic
    • Other Affiliation: Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • Bache, Bache E
    • Other Affiliation: Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambaréné, Gabon and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
  • Mihayo, Michael G
    • Other Affiliation: Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
  • Juma, Omar
    • Other Affiliation: Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania
  • Tanner, Marcel
    • Other Affiliation: Ifakara Institute of Health, Bagamoyo Research and Training Centre, Bagamoyo District Hospital, Bagamoyo, Tanzania; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  • Tahita, Marc C
    • Other Affiliation: Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
  • Tinto, Halidou
    • Other Affiliation: Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
  • Diallo, Salou
    • Other Affiliation: Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
  • Lompo, Palpouguini
    • Other Affiliation: Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Nanoro, Burkina Faso
  • D’Alessandro, Umberto
    • Other Affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia
  • Ogutu, Bernhards
    • Other Affiliation: KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya
  • Otieno, Lucas
    • Other Affiliation: KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya
  • Otieno, Solomon
    • Other Affiliation: KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya
  • Otieno, Walter
    • Other Affiliation: KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya
  • Oyieko, Janet
    • Other Affiliation: KEMRI-Walter Reed Project, Kombewa, Kenya
  • Asante, Kwaku P
    • Other Affiliation: Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
  • Dery, Dominic B
    • Other Affiliation: Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
  • Adjei, George
    • Other Affiliation: Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
  • Adeniji, Elisha
    • Other Affiliation: Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
  • Atibilla, Dorcas
    • Other Affiliation: Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
  • Owusu-Agyei, Seth
    • Other Affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
  • Greenwood, Brian
    • Other Affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Kintampo Health Research Center, Kintampo, Ghana
  • Gesase, Samwel
    • Other Affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania
  • Lusingu, John
    • Other Affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania
  • Mahende, Coline
    • Other Affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania
  • Mongi, Robert
    • Other Affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania
  • Segeja, Method
    • Other Affiliation: National Institute for Medical Research, Korogwe, Tanzania
  • Adjei, Samuel
    • Other Affiliation: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana
  • Agbenyega, Tsiri
    • Other Affiliation: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana
  • Agyekum, Alex
    • Other Affiliation: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana
  • Ansong, Daniel
    • Other Affiliation: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana
  • Bawa, John T
    • Other Affiliation: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana
  • Boateng, Harry O
    • Other Affiliation: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Agogo, Ghana
  • Dandalo, Léonard
    • Other Affiliation: University of North Carolina Project, Lilongwe, Malawi
  • Escamilla, Veronica
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, UNC Project-Malawi
  • Hoffman, Irving
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, UNC Project-Malawi
  • Maenje, Peter
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, UNC Project-Malawi
  • Martinson, Francis
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, UNC Project-Malawi
  • Carter, Terrell
    • Other Affiliation: The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, USA
  • Leboulleux, Didier
    • Other Affiliation: The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, USA
  • Kaslow, David C
    • Other Affiliation: The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative, Washington, USA
  • Usuf, Effua
    • Other Affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia; GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium
  • Pirçon, Jean-Yves
    • Other Affiliation: GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium
  • Bahmanyar, Edith R
    • Other Affiliation: GSK Vaccines, Wavre, Belgium
Abstract
  • Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum prevalence (PfPR) is a widely used metric for assessing malaria transmission intensity. This study was carried out concurrently with the RTS,S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine Phase III trial and estimated PfPR over ≤ 4 standardized cross-sectional surveys. Methods This epidemiology study (NCT01190202) was conducted in 8 sites from 6 countries (Burkina Faso, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania), between March 2011 and December 2013. Participants were enrolled in a 2:1:1 ratio according to age category: 6 months–4 years, 5–19 years, and ≥ 20 years, respectively, per year and per centre. All sites carried out surveys 1–3 while survey 4 was conducted only in 3 sites. Surveys were usually performed during the peak malaria parasite transmission season, in one home visit, when medical history and malaria risk factors/prevention measures were collected, and a blood sample taken for rapid diagnostic test, microscopy, and haemoglobin measurement. PfPR was estimated by site and age category. Results Overall, 6401 (survey 1), 6411 (survey 2), 6400 (survey 3), and 2399 (survey 4) individuals were included in the analyses. In the 6 months–4 years age group, the lowest prevalence (assessed using microscopy) was observed in 2 Tanzanian centres (4.6% for Korogwe and 9.95% for Bagamoyo) and Lambaréné, Gabon (6.0%), while the highest PfPR was recorded for Nanoro, Burkina Faso (52.5%). PfPR significantly decreased over the 3 years in Agogo (Ghana), Kombewa (Kenya), Lilongwe (Malawi), and Bagamoyo (Tanzania), and a trend for increased PfPR was observed over the 4 surveys for Kintampo, Ghana. Over the 4 surveys, for all sites, PfPR was predominantly higher in the 5–19 years group than in the other age categories. Occurrence of fever and anaemia was associated with high P. falciparum parasitaemia. Univariate analyses showed a significant association of anti-malarial treatment in 4 surveys (odds ratios [ORs]: 0.52, 0.52, 0.68, 0.41) and bed net use in 2 surveys (ORs: 0.63, 0.68, 1.03, 1.78) with lower risk of malaria infection. Conclusion Local PfPR differed substantially between sites and age groups. In children 6 months–4 years old, a significant decrease in prevalence over the 3 years was observed in 4 out of the 8 study sites. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov identifier: NCT01190202:NCT. GSK Study ID numbers: 114001
Date of publication
DOI
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Resource type
  • Article
Rights statement
  • In Copyright
Rights holder
  • The Author(s)
Journal title
  • Malaria Journal
Journal volume
  • 16
Journal issue
  • 1
Page start
  • 433
Language
  • English
Bibliographic citation
  • Malaria Journal. 2017 Oct 27;16(1):433
Publisher
  • BioMed Central

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