Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings

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Creator
  • Dichter, Gabriel
    • Affiliation: School of Medicine, Neurodevelopment Disorders Research Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities
  • Damiano, Cara R
    • Affiliation: College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
  • Allen, John A
    • Other Affiliation: Neuroscience Research Unit Pfizer Global Research and Development
Abstract
  • Abstract This review summarizes evidence of dysregulated reward circuitry function in a range of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders and genetic syndromes. First, the contribution of identifying a core mechanistic process across disparate disorders to disease classification is discussed, followed by a review of the neurobiology of reward circuitry. We next consider preclinical animal models and clinical evidence of reward-pathway dysfunction in a range of disorders, including psychiatric disorders (i.e., substance-use disorders, affective disorders, eating disorders, and obsessive compulsive disorders), neurodevelopmental disorders (i.e., schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette’s syndrome, conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder), and genetic syndromes (i.e., Fragile X syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, Williams syndrome, Angelman syndrome, and Rett syndrome). We also provide brief overviews of effective psychopharmacologic agents that have an effect on the dopamine system in these disorders. This review concludes with methodological considerations for future research designed to more clearly probe reward-circuitry dysfunction, with the ultimate goal of improved intervention strategies.
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Resource type
  • Article
Rights statement
  • In Copyright
Rights holder
  • Gabriel S Dichter et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
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Journal title
  • Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Journal volume
  • 4
Journal issue
  • 1
Page start
  • 19
Language
  • English
Is the article or chapter peer-reviewed?
  • Yes
ISSN
  • 1866-1955
Bibliographic citation
  • Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. 2012 Jul 06;4(1):19
Publisher
  • BioMed Central Ltd
Access right
  • Open Access
Date uploaded
  • February 10, 2017

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